The Trump-Putin Meeting at Alaska:
Hits and Misses
Abhiruchi Chowdhury  

What happened?
On 15 August, President of the Russia Vladmir Putin landed in Alaska, US for holding a meeting with US President Donald Trump. The agenda of the meeting was to discuss the war in Ukraine. 

The meeting lasted for around three hours. Both the leaders addressed the media briefly. Putin termed the discussion with Trump as “constructive” and “mutually respectful.” Putin urged the European countries and Ukraine to not place any hurdles via “provocation or behind the scenes intrigues” which could backtrack the progress made. President Trump said “there were many, many points that we agreed on. Great progress has been made.”

President Putin, on holding the next meeting with Trump said “next time in Moscow.” To which, Trump replied “I’ll get a little heat on that one, I could see it possibly happening.” 

The two leaders did not speak anything about a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine. After the meeting, as per the White House, Trump held conversation with Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelesnkyy and other NATO leaders. 

What is the background?
First, the previous Trump-Putin meetings and their phone conversations on Ukraine. In 2017, during Trump’s first presidency, he met Putin in Germany for the G20 summit. The two leaders had met again in the same year in Vietnam at an economic forum. In 2018, Putin and Trump held a meeting in Helsinki, Finland after which Trump criticized the reports of interference in US 2016 elections allegedly being carried out from Russia and supported President Putin. Following this, the two leaders came together for the G20 summit in 2018 and 2019 in Argentina and Japan respectively. 

On Ukraine, Trump spoke to Putin twice over the phone. After the March phone call, Russia and Ukraine agreed to not attack each other’s energy installations for 30 days. However, soon after the phone call, both Kiev and Moscow blamed each other of carrying out assaults on energy infrastructures. On 12 February, Trump termed his phone conversation with Putin as “lengthy and highly productive phone call.” Trump after the phone call made it sound clear that he will not push Russia in ceding the occupied territories back to Ukraine. His primary objective was to put an end to the ongoing fighting. 

Second, Russia’s isolation by the West after 2022. After the war, Russia was expelled from approximately 20 multilateral and regional forums. The meeting in Alaska was the first time that the Russian President met his counterpart in the US since the start of war. Until July, the EU had enforced 18 packages of economic sanctions against Russia. More than 2500 individuals and firms had to bear the brunt of the sanctions. The exclusion was not just limited to political forums and economic sanctions but also in cultural and sports forums. Moscow has also been sidelined from scientific cooperation of the western countries.  

Third, Europe’s military assistance to Ukraine. Wherein under the Trump administration, US has been hesitant towards giving military aid, European countries have maintained their backing for Ukraine through military aid packages. In July, Trump had made it clear that it will send American weapons to Ukraine, if they are being paid by the European countries. The EU has contributed EUR 59.6 billion worth military assistance to Ukraine since the beginning of war. In May, Germany under the leadership of new chancellor, had authorized EUR five billion “military aid package” for Ukraine. Following this, Norway and Belgium have allocated EUR 1.5 billion and EUR1.2 billion for Ukraine whereas Netherlands, UK and Denmark have earmarked around EUR 600 million each.

What does it mean?
First, an unsuccessful meeting for Trump. Before the meeting, Trump had made it clear that Moscow might have to incur serious repercussions if Putin does not agree to a ceasefire. However, no outcome regarding a ceasefire came out from the meeting. It is absolutely clear that the two leaders did not make any progress, though they have termed the meeting as “productive.” Both, Putin and Trump avoided mentioning the areas in which they made progress. 

Second, the nearing end of diplomatic isolation of Russia by the West. If the second meeting does take place in Moscow, this would mean European countries would no longer be able to sideline Russia. Further, it would increase the likelihood of countries like Hungary and Slovakia of openly engaging with Russia.  

Third, Putin had indirectly warned the European countries to put an end on their military assistance to Ukraine. President Trump might also push the European countries for ending their assistance to Ukraine to achieve a ceasefire in the future meetings. The meeting in Alaska clearly signifies that the future of Ukraine would be decided according to the whims and wishes of Russia and the US.  

US-China tariff extension: 
Issues and Implications 
Naomi Miriam Mathew

What happened? 
On 11 August, President Trump issued an executive order, extending the tariff truce with China by 90 days; this truce temporarily paused the escalation of new duties while both sides explored the possibility of renegotiating certain trade provisions. It was anticipated that the US will increase tariffs on Chinese products to 145 percent, and the Chinese were expected to retaliate by raising tariffs on US products to 125 Percent. The decision came hours before the expiration of the prior truce. The White House noted that the extension is only temporary and cited the continuing trade negotiations, collective financial interests, and the importance of stability during the vending period leading through the holiday trade. The rationale to continue trade talks, eliminate the US trade deficit, and economic security of the nation are mentioned in the executive order titled “Further Modifying reciprocal tariff rates to reflect ongoing discussions with the People's Republic of China”. The Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and other top US officials posed the move as needed to stabilize the economy in the critical holiday trade period and leave the negotiations open.

What is the background?
First, a brief note on US–China trade escalation since January 2025. Shortly after Donald Trump took office in January 2025, the administration announced tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles (EVs), semiconductors, and green technology because of unfair trade and national security risks. In February, Beijing responded through counter-tariffs on American agricultural products, aircraft parts, and energy exports. In March, Washington tightened rules for investing in Chinese businesses that work in critical tech sectors. China retaliated by limiting the export of rare earth minerals, thereby increasing supply chain vulnerability at the global level.

Second, the state of US–China trade. Bilateral goods trade was over USD 583 billion in 2024, with China still being the third most important trading partner of the US. Nevertheless, the trade imbalance with China increased to USD 295.4 billion, which actively stimulated Trump to focus on protectionism once again. Tariffs are largely affecting industries like electronics, automobiles, and clean energy equipment, whereas the US agricultural exports have been hit by Chinese countermeasures. The disruption has also burdened the multinational companies that heavily rely on integrated supply chains, as global manufacturers are incurring extra expenses.

Third, impact on global supply chains. Tariffs of Washington and export controls of Beijing interfered with the free movement of semiconductors, EV batteries, and critical minerals. As a result, Asia and Europe had to deal with shortages and soaring prices among manufacturers. Multinational corporations have started to increase their pace in the China+1 diversification strategies, with Southeast Asia and India as the new hubs.

What does it mean?
First, for trade and market stability, the 90-day tariff truce functions as a critical holiday reprieve, injecting short-term optimism into both business sentiment and financial markets. US retailers and importers are also saved from any pressing cost increases on items that consumers purchase, like electronics, apparel, and toys consumer goods which play a key role during the Christmas season. World stock markets reacted to the news positively, indicating increased optimism about containing the supply chain uncertainties in the short run. This hiatus gives businesses the room to breathe as they rebalance their procurement plans and prevent any sharp price increases. Consumers will also gain protection against inflationary surges at least in the short run. But the overall relief is precarious by nature; the ongoing use of Section 301 tariffs and the legal challenges tied to the International Emergency Economic Powers Act signal that instability can flare again as the extension reneging occurs.

Second, on a short-term basis, this extension would mean negotiation over escalation. By suspending the massive tariff hike, both sides have created space for talks. The next 90 days are most likely to test the seriousness of negotiations. Though Trump prefers maximum leverage through brinkmanship, the extension shows the recognition of domestic risks, especially for US consumers, ahead of the holiday season. Trade envoys are expected to intensify talks via backchannels with a possibility of a Trump-Xi summit before November.
 
Third, in the long run, a structural rivalry exists that goes on regardless of an extension of the truce. The root causes, like technological ferocity, market access, intellectual property, and geopolitical competence, have not been addressed. This implies that there may be the possibility of tactical breaks, but the strategic competition will keep tariffs as a constantly used weapon in US trade politics. The likely trajectory is therefore, cyclical conflict and truce rather than definitive settlement, unless both sides see a greater incentive in stabilizing ties.

TWTW Regional Roundups

News from around the world
Padmashree Anandhan, Rizwana Banu S, M Santhiya, Merin Treesa Alex, Rohini Reenum, Femy Francis, Anu Maria Joseph, Kasvi Batra and Swati Sood.
 
CHINA THIS WEEK
China: India resumes border trade talks after five years, reports Bloomberg
On 14 August, Bloomberg News reported that India and China were discussing resuming border trade for locally made goods after more than five years of stalemate. This showcases the steady revival of ties after the 2020 Doklam incident, which led to their ties deteriorating. Both countries have proposed to restart trade through the designated point on the shared border. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said: “Border trade between China and India has long played an important role in improving the lives of the two countries’ border residents,” and that it is “willing to step up communication and coordination with India.” While the local trade value is small with USD 3.16 million, over three decades, India and China have traded locally from the disputed Himalayan border. India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi is scheduled to attend the SCO summit, showing a thawing of ties.

China: Mega dam “Xiluodu” to not use foreign-made chips, reports SCMP  
On 14 August, SCMP reported that China’s Xiluodu Dam has fully transitioned away from the West-made industrial chips over national security and supply chain resistance concerns. Loongson Technology informed that the dam is located on the Jinsha River, and uses foreign “programmable logic controllers” (PLCs) made in Germany by Siemens and the French firm Schneider Electric. This is the third-largest hydropower station in China after the Three Gorges Dam and the Baihetan Dam. Loongson Technology announced that it will be using the NJ400 series PLC, developed by Atekon Technology. SCMP reported “A PLC is a specialised digital control system specifically designed for application in industrial environments. Set up in 2008, Atekon specializes in producing such remote industrial control systems.”
 
China: Nvidia and AMD to share 15 per cent of sales revenue from China with the government
On 11 August, the BBC reported that the US chip giants Nvidia and AMD have agreed to pay the US government 15 per cent of their semiconductor sales to China. This effort is aimed at securing an export license to the world’s second-largest economy. Nvidia issued a statement and said: “We follow the rules the US government sets for our participation in worldwide markets. While we haven't shipped H20 to China for months, we hope export control rules will let America compete in China and worldwide.” AMD has issued no statements on the same. Nvidia also noted that America cannot lose its position as a telecommunications leader, and that its AI innovation will be developed by engaging in the race. The announcement means that Nvidia’s revenue from its sale of the H20 chip to China, and similarly the sale of AMD’s MI308 chip, will be shared with the US government.

China: Top diplomat and candidate for the future Foreign Minister position detained, reports The Guardian
On 11 August, The Guardian reported on the potential future Foreign Minister candidate Liu Jianchao has been detained for investigation. The 61-year-old leader headed the CPC’s ties with foreign political parties. He was taken away for investigation after he returned in July from an overseas trip. His recent visit to the US and meeting with the US Secretary of State Anothny Blinken ignited the rumors of him being the next candidate for Foreign Minister. This is one of the biggest investigations since the removal of former Foreign Minister Qin Gang in 2023, for being in an extramarital affair. The reason for the detainment is still not officially out; it is reckoned to be in line with China’s Anti-Corruption drive.

China:  China-backed copper mines in Afghanistan to open after a 17-year delay
On 06 August, SCMP reported that China-backed copper mines in Afghanistan are scheduled to restart their construction program after nearly two decades of delay. China’s SOE, China Metallurgical Group Corporation (MCC), announced that they were making progress to kickstart the copper extraction in Mes Aynak Mine in central Afghanistan’s Logar province. This is one of Afghanistan’s largest untouched copper areas. MCC spokesperson Deng Guoping informed that they will start production this year if the procedures go smoothly. The announcement comes after the road leading to the mine was finally completed 17 years after the project was first signed. The Mes Aynak project was first given to the Chinese firm MCC in 2008 for a 30-year contract, but the operations were delayed in light of security issues, landmines, lack of infrastructure, and the presence of archeological remains from the Bronze Age.

China: Authorizes coffee exports from 183 Brazilian companies, reports SCMP 
On 05 August, SCMP reported that China authorized exports from 183 Brazilian companies for coffee supply for its domestic market. This comes in light of escalating tensions between the US and Brazil as they imposed 50 per cent tariffs on Brazilian coffee. The announcement sent shockwaves in Brazil’s coffee industry and forced exporters to find alternative buyers. The US is the largest consumer of Brazilian coffee, with imports of 3.3 million bags. While China only imports 530,000 bags, there is a rising demand in China for coffee. Brazil’s Executive Director of the Specialty Coffee Association said the approval of 183 licenses is not normal and that usually the authorization happens in batches of 20 or 30. They noted that this deal came at the right moment as their coffee supply was ready to be shipped. Some noted that China’s business is welcome relief; but it cannot replace the US.

Taiwan: President's approval rating is at an all-time low, according to a TVBS survey
On 12 August, The Straits Times reported that Taiwan President Lai Ching-te’s approval rate had dropped to the lowest level since he took office in 2024, after the failed recall vote. A poll by the media outlet TVBS found that only 28 per cent were satisfied with Lai’s performance, which is a major decline from the 32 per cent support in May 2025. This showcases the effects of the recall vote, where all of the KMT lawmakers were able to survive and hold their seats. This was crucial for Lai to gain a majority in the Legislative Yuan and take back control of the government. As of now, the ruling party faces troubles in the executive and in passing bills without a majority in the parliament. The second set of recall votes is scheduled to be held against seven lawmakers. Lai needs six seats for a successful recall vote. TVBS survey also noted that 52 per cent of respondents were dissatisfied with Lai’s handling of the US tariffs.

EAST ASIA AND PACIFIC THIS WEEK
South Korea: South Korea condemns Japanese officials’ visit to Yasukuni Shrine
On 15 August, South Korea voiced strong “disappointment and regret” over Japanese officials’ visit to Tokyo’s Yasukuni Shrine. The visit coincided with the 80th anniversary of Japan’s defeat in World War II, with at least one Japanese cabinet minister among thousands visiting the shrine. South Korea condemned the site for “glorifying Japan’s war of aggression and honouring war criminals” and urged Japanese leaders to confront their history with “humble reflection and sincere remorse.” The South Korean foreign ministry highlighted that such accountability is essential for building “future-oriented relations” founded on mutual trust. This statement precedes South Korean President Lee Jae Myung’s upcoming trip to Japan on 23-24 August, where he is set to hold a summit with Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba.

Korea: South Korea unveils “K-Steel Act” to protect and modernize steel industry
On 5 August, The Korea Herald reported that South Korea is implementing a significant policy to revive its steel industry amid mounting global pressures. The "K-Steel Act," is supported by 106 lawmakers and it seeks to protect domestic steelmakers affected by a 50 per cent US tariff and an influx of inexpensive Chinese steel. The legislation emphasizes steel’s importance for national security and economic stability, cautioning that a decline could disrupt sectors like shipbuilding and electric vehicles. Although a recent Korea-US tariff agreement reduced duties on most goods, the US retains a 50 per cent tariff on Korean steel. Additionally, the European Union’s forthcoming Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism will impose extra costs unless Korean steelmakers accelerate decarbonization. The bill calls for establishing a presidential committee to create five-year strategic plans and offer financial support such as subsidies, low-interest loans, tax incentives, and aid for green technologies like hydrogen steel production. It also proposes “green steel zones” to ease regulations and bolsters trade defense policies to limit unfair imports, allowing government intervention if market adjustments prove inadequate.
 
Japan: Japan to launch India-to-Africa Economic Integration Initiative at TICAD 9
On 15 August, The Asahi Shinbun reported that at the Ninth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD 9) in Yokohama, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba is set to unveil an initiative aimed at fostering economic integration and development from the Indian Ocean to Africa. The plan will promote trade and investment opportunities for Japanese firms in Africa, particularly those exporting from hubs in India and the Middle East. It will also introduce a forum to advance third-country logistics models, supported by Japan’s Official Development Assistance to enhance regional connectivity. Additionally, Ishiba will launch a joint task force bringing together government, academia, and industry to deepen Japan-Africa partnerships. The initiative aligns with Japan’s Free and Open Indo-Pacific vision, which emphasizes regional stability and serves as a counter to China’s growing influence in Africa. Established in 1993, TICAD remains central to Japan’s Africa strategy and is co-hosted with the African Union Commission and the United Nations.

Japan: Severe heatwave shatters record temperatures in Japan
On 7 August, The Straits Times reported that, Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba has pledged enhanced public health measures as Japan endures an intense heatwave, with national temperature records broken twice within days. Isesaki reached 41.8°C on 5 August, following Hyogo’s 41.2°C on 30 July. Ishiba called for coordinated government efforts, including installing more air conditioners in school gymnasiums and expanding cooling shelters in public spaces to safeguard vulnerable populations, particularly the elderly. In 2024, heatstroke claimed over 2,000 lives, 80 per cent of them elderly and mostly without air conditioning. Nearly 9,500 people were hospitalised in the week of 28 July. The extreme heat has also harmed crops, livestock, and driven electricity demand higher.

Japan : Japan observes 80 years since bombing of Hiroshima
On 6 August, Japan observed the 80th anniversary of the Hiroshima atomic bombing with a ceremony held at 8:15am, marking the exact time the US bomber Enola Gay dropped “Little Boy” in 1945. Attended by officials, students, and survivors, the event featured prayers and floral tributes at the memorial cenotaph. Hiroshima Mayor Kazumi Matsui cautioned against rising global militarisation amid ongoing conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East, while Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba reiterated Japan’s pledge to pursue a world free of nuclear arms. The bombing claimed about 140,000 lives, followed by 74,000 deaths in Nagasaki. This year’s observance drew 120 nations, with Taiwanese and Palestinian representatives joining for the first time; the US participated, but Russia and China abstained. Survivor group Nihon Hidankyo called on foreign envoys to spread Hiroshima’s message, as hibakusha (survivors of atomic bombing) numbers decline.
 
Australia: Australia to recognise Palestinian state at UN, advocates two-state solution
On 11 August, Reuters reported that Australia will officially recognize the State of Palestine during the United Nations General Assembly in September 2025. Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated that this decision aligns with international momentum advocating for a two-state solution, a ceasefire in Gaza, and the release of hostages. Australia's recognition is contingent upon commitments from the Palestinian Authority, including the exclusion of Hamas from any future state governance. The move follows similar recognitions by France, the UK, and Canada and comes amid criticism of Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's administration, particularly regarding plans for military control of Gaza and expanding settlements. Foreign Minister Penny Wong notified U.S. Secretary of State Marco Rubio, although the U.S. and Israel have criticized the decision.
 
Solomon Islands: Solomon Islands excludes donor countries from Pacific Islands forum amid China-Taiwan Tensions
On 8 August, RNZ reported that Solomon Islands Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele revealed that 21 donor countries, including the US and China, will be excluded from this year’s Pacific Islands Forum, following pressure from China to exclude Taiwan. The Solomon Islands, a major Chinese security partner in the Pacific, is set to host the forum’s September meeting of its 18 member states. Three island nations Palau, Marshall Islands and Tuvalu maintain diplomatic relations with Taiwan, raising concerns about Taiwanese officials’ participation after Solomon Islands shifted recognition from Taiwan to China in 2019 and removed Taiwan from its concessional entry list in April. Manele explained that no dialogue partners would be invited as “a review of their relationships with the Pacific is still underway.” While organizations like the World Bank will attend, opposition in Solomon Islands described the step as a “huge missed opportunity” for Pacific Island nations to engage with international donors. The Pacific Islands region is one of the world’s most dependent on aid and is highly vulnerable to rising sea levels. Although Australia and New Zealand, both US allies, are the largest members of the forum, neither China nor the United States is a member of the group.

Tonga: Tonga replaces foreign ministry with “His Majesty’s Diplomatic Service” expanding king’s role
On 14 August, RNZ reported that Tonga’s parliament has passed the “His Majesty’s Diplomatic Service Bill 2025,” a law that could considerably expand the King’s role in foreign affairs. The bill replaces the Ministry of Foreign Affairs with “His Majesty’s Diplomatic Service,” tasked with managing diplomatic, consular, and immigration matters in line with national priorities. Introduced by Crown Prince Tupouto’a ‘Ulukalala, who in January was appointed as both Foreign Minister and Defence Minister.The legislation passed on 5 August and formally defines the new service’s structure and responsibilities. The development follows tensions in 2023 between King Tupou VI and then-Prime Minister Hu’akavameiliku Siaosi Sovaleni over control of foreign and defence policy. Critics are arguing that the King’s intervention risked reversing Tonga’s democratic reforms.

SOUTHEAST AND SOUTH ASIA
Malaysia: Recoups billions amid complex recovery process in the 1MDB Scandal
On 14 August, Malaysia’s Finance Ministry announced that MYR29.7 billion (USD9 billion) tied to 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) and its former subsidiary SRC International has been recovered through the Assets Recovery Trust Account. By July, MYR42.17 billion had been allocated to cover 1MDB’s debt repayments and obligations. Of this, MYR15.44 billion came from shareholder advances or loans provided by the Finance Ministry and the Minister of Finance (Incorporated), while MYR26.73 billion was sourced from asset recovery.1MDB, created under former prime minister Najib Razak, is at the centre of a global corruption scandal under investigation in Asia, the US, and Europe. Razak, convicted for his role, is currently serving a prison sentence but has applied to serve the rest under house arrest, with release expected in 2028. The Finance Ministry noted that recovery efforts remain complex and lengthy, requiring cooperation with domestic and international agencies, legal processes, and settlement negotiations.

Singapore: India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable strengthens cooperation in digitalisation, semiconductors, and green energy
On 13 August, India and Singapore held the third India-Singapore Ministerial Roundtable (ISMR) during Deputy Prime Minister Gan Kim Yong’s visit to India, focusing on deepening cooperation in digitalisation, skills development, industrial parks, semiconductors, and green energy. Both sides reaffirmed their longstanding bilateral ties and reviewed progress since the 2024 meeting. Discussions covered “cross-border data flows, capital markets via regulatory sandboxes, and skills training in semiconductors, maintenance,” and India’s national centres of excellence. Singapore has helped establish five skills centres in India, including a major facility in Odisha. Collaboration in semiconductors, under a 2024 MoU, has enabled Singaporean firms like Cleantech Services to expand operations. Green energy exports and a potential green shipping corridor from Odisha to Singapore were also discussed. The visit also marked the 60th anniversary of diplomatic relations between the countries.

Indonesia: Indonesia to convert Galang island facility to treat wounded Gaza residents
On 7 August, Reuters reported that Indonesia will repurpose a medical facility on the currently uninhabited Galang Island to care for approximately 2,000 injured residents from Gaza, who are expected to return home once healed. The facility is situated off Sumatra and south of Singapore. This plan comes after President Prabowo Subianto’s earlier offer to host wounded Palestinians, which drew criticism from Indonesia’s leading clerics for seeming to echo former US President Donald Trump’s controversial proposal to permanently relocate Palestinians from Gaza. Indonesia’s foreign ministry, advocating a two-state solution, had firmly opposed any forced displacement of Palestinians. Historically, Galang Island was the site of a large UN-run refugee camp for Vietnamese refugees until 1996 and opened a hospital in 2020 to treat COVID-19 patients.

Philippines: India and Philippines elevate ties to strategic partnership
On 5 August, The Hindu reported that India and the Philippines elevated their relationship to a strategic partnership, agreeing to strengthen defence and maritime cooperation, launch direct flights, and begin negotiations for a preferential trade agreement. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, welcoming President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr, highlighted shared support for “freedom of navigation” and described maritime collaboration as “natural and essential.”. Both sides finalised Terms of Reference for enhanced coordination between their armed forces and coast guards, covering capacity building, training exchanges, and joint activities. Agreements were also signed on mutual legal assistance in criminal matters and the transfer of sentenced persons. India committed to supporting a pilot project for the Philippines’ Sovereign Data Cloud and invited Philippines to join the Information Fusion Centre for the Indian Ocean Region. PM Modi reaffirmed India’s commitment to peace, security, and a rules-based Indo-Pacific order under UNCLOS.

Pakistan: Pakistan obtains letters of credit for importing sugar from Azerbaijan
On 16 August, The News International reported that Pakistan has obtained “letters of credit” (LC) for importing 85,000 metric tons of sugar via the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (SOCAR). As per The News International, this was being done to bring stability in the prices of sugar. The move from the government is expected to keep a “steady” flow of sugar in the domestic market and prevent people from witnessing unforeseen rise in sugar prices. As per the plan, the sugar imported from Azerbaijan would be made available in the domestic market at “subsidized” prices.

Pakistan: Pakistan-Micronesia officially formulate diplomatic relations
On 14 August, Pakistan and Federated States of Micronesia officially formulated “diplomatic relations.” The agreement was signed by Pakistan’s permanent representative to the UN Asim Iftikhar Ahmad, and Micronesia’s permanent representative to the UN, Jeem S. Lippwe in New York. The signed agreement is expected to enhance bilateral collaboration between the two countries. The Pakistani diplomat informed that the agreement would lead to enhanced cooperation in “human resource management, capacity building, and climate change.”

Pakistan: Pakistan can use CPEC to expand “regional influence” in Iran and Afghanistan, says Chinese envoy to Pakistan
On 13 August, China’s envoy to Pakistan, Jiang Zaidong, in his address at the “CPEC in My Eyes” forum, stated that Pakistan could expand the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)  to Afghanistan, Iran, and various other countries. According to him, this would enhance Pakistan’s “regional influence,” marking a change from “geopolitics to geo-economics.”  Further, he stated that CPEC remains an important component in the country's geo-economic transformation. He highlighted how CPEC is a testimony to Pakistan-China's strong historic bilateral ties. He pointed out how CPEC led to USD 25.4 billion worth of direct investment, the construction of 510 km of motorways, and contributed 8000 MW to the electricity system. Dismissing the critics who have denounced the CPEC because of its slow progress, the ambassador claimed that the criticism came from people who had hidden agendas.

Pakistan: Pakistan’s trade deficit increases by 44 per cent in July
On 13 August, The Express Tribune reported that the country's trade deficit increased by 44 per cent in the month of July. This amounts to a total of USD 2.7 billion.  As per the Planning Minister Ahsan Iqbal, the increase in trade deficit is “temporary.” Further, he expressed confidence that the trade deficit will come down after a surge in exports. The federal government had to bring down the import duties after the same was agreed with the International Monetary Fund and World Bank. Regarding the reduction in the US duties on Pakistani exports, the planning minister stated that it is not up to the exporters to take advantage of the same. Pakistani goods would incur 19 per cent tariffs in the US in comparison to an average of 20 per cent for other countries in the region

MIDDLE EAST THIS WEEK
Lebanon: Hezbollah Chief dismisses calls for disarmament amid cabinet decision
On 5 August, in a televised address, Hezbollah Chief Naim Qassem re-emphasized that the group will not disarm under pressure and that the resistance against Israel should be deliberated in “national consensus.” He also stressed the armed group’s preparedness to defend Lebanon’s “sovereignty and independence” and highlighted its critical role in defending against attacks by Israel. He also threatened Israel with massive retaliation in case of a wider attack. Qassem’s remarks followed demonstrations by the group’s supporters on 4 August against its proposed disarmament. Qassem’s speech was followed later in the day by a six-hour cabinet meeting chaired by Lebanese President Joseph Aoun wherein the onus of the integration of all armed groups was put on the army with end of the year set as the deadline.
 
Israel: Israeli media reports suggest plans to fully occupy Gaza strip
On 5 August, Al Jazeera quoted several Israeli media outlets which reported that Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has decided to occupy the entire territory of Gaza. The speculations followed a war cabinet meeting convened by the prime minister to discuss the next course of action in Gaza. The plan will entail the extension of Israeli military offensive in the entire enclave, including areas where Israeli hostages are being held by Hamas. An official announcement has, however, not been made yet. The Palestinian Ministry of Foreign Affairs denounced the revealed plan and urged the international community to “intervene urgently to prevent their implementation, whether they are a form of pressure, trial balloons to gauge international reactions, or genuinely serious.” On the same day, reporters quizzed US President Donald Trump over the rumours who stated that he was solely focused on feeding the people of Gaza and the rest was “pretty much up to Israel.”
 
Syria: Fresh violence breaks out in Aleppo and Suwayda
On 4 August, Al Jazeera reported that the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) have claimed attacks by “armed factions” with ties with the security forces in the Deir Hafer area of the northern province of Aleppo. The group made this claim in a post on X and put the onus of the attacks on the government. It is to be noted that the SDF controls most of the country’s northeastern region and had agreed to reintegration with the country's army in March. Earlier, on 2 August, the Syrian government had blamed the SDF for a rocket attack in the northern city of Manbij in which three civilians and four soldiers had been injured. Separately, on 3 August, Al Jazeera reported that fresh violence had broken out in the Suwayda province with Druze armed factions attacking the country's security forces, killing one soldier and injuring several others. The Syrian Observatory for Human Rights confirmed four deaths in the latest spate of violence. Following the attacks, the government accused the Druze factions of violating the ceasefire reached earlier in July.
 
AFRICA THIS WEEK
Rwanda: Agrees to accommodate up to 250 US deportees
On 6 August, Rwanda agreed to accommodate up to 250 migrants deported from the US under a new deal with the Trump administration. Rwanda government’s spokesperson, Yolande Makole, said that under the terms of the deal, deportees will receive workforce training, healthcare, and accommodation. Makole cited Rwanda’s national experience with displacement and its values of reintegration and rehabilitation as motivation for the deal. This agreement comes after Trump made a similar deal with South Sudan and Eswatini. In May, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that Washington was "actively searching" for a country to receive what he described as "some of the most despicable human beings.”

Central African Republic: Elections scheduled for December
On 9 August, the Central African Republic's electoral authority announced that the country’s general election will be held on 28 December 2025, encompassing the presidential, parliamentary, regional and municipal elections. This announcement followed as President Faustin Archange seeks a controversial third term amid the criticism that his extended rule will undermine the democratic process. Two-thirds of the country remains under the control of militants.

South Africa: President Ramaphosa and Trump agree to have further trade talks amid tariff disputes
On 11 August, Africanews reported that South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa had a telephone conversation with US President Donald Trump on 6 August. This talk focused on bilateral trade issues and ongoing negotiations. The talks happened against the backdrop of a 30 per cent US tariff on South African imports, which triggered economic concerns across the country. To reduce this fallout, Pretoria launched the “Export Support Desk” for the automotive and agricultural sectors on alternative destinations, guidance on market entry processes, insights into compliance requirements and linkages to South African Embassies and High Commissions abroad.
 
South Africa: US Tariffs put 30,000 Jobs at risk, says Trade Minister
On 5 August, South Africa’s Minister of Trade and Industry, Parks Tau, stated that the 30 per cent reciprocal tariffs imposed by the US would put thousands of jobs at risk. Director-General of the Department of Trade, Industry and Competition, Simphiwe Hamilton, said, “We’ve based this on the ongoing consultations that we have with all the sectors of the economy, from automotive, agriculture and all the other sectors that are going to be impacted.” Hamilton further added, “At this stage, we are sitting at approximately 30,000 jobs that could be affected by this, if it were to be mismanaged in any manner.” It should be noted that South Africa is among the top five countries with the highest tariffs imposed by US President Trump.
 
EUROPE THIS WEEK
Russia: Tsunami warning issued in Russia after volcano eruption
On 03 August, the Krasheninnikov volcano, located in the Kamchatka Peninsula in Russia, erupted for the first time in nearly 600 years, with the last eruption occurring in 1463 according to KVERT. The volcano's eruption followed an earthquake measuring 6.8 magnitude off the Kamchatka coast and a tsunami warning, which was later lifted. The ash plume rose approximately 6 km above sea level, and lava flowed down the southwest slope, reaching a length of 2.7 km. The volcano is part of the Eastern Volcanic Belt, one of the world’s most active volcanic regions, which hosts 29 active volcanoes. KVERT stated that this eruption could be linked to an earlier earthquake of 8.8 magnitude that prompted tsunami alerts across the Pacific. Previously, Kamchatka’s tallest volcano, Klyuchevskaya Sopka, also erupted, with lava seen flowing down its western slopes. The Krasheninnikov volcano has been assigned an orange aviation danger code, and authorities advised people to avoid travelling near it or attempting to climb it. Officials explained that the volcano is surrounded by volcanic wasteland and cinder fields with no vegetation, and reassured that there is no current threat to people, settlements, or infrastructure. According to the reserve, this is one of eight active volcanoes within the Kronotsky Reserve, and that such eruptions are not unusual for this highly volcanic area.

Ukraine: Netherlands pledges to purchase US military equipment for EUR 500 million
On 04 August, the Netherlands pledged EUR 500 million to purchase US military equipment for Ukraine, becoming the first NATO country to support a new initiative called the NATO Prioritised Ukraine Requirements List (PURL), aimed at supplying Kyiv with urgently needed weapons. Defence Minister Ruben Brekelmans confirmed the package includes Patriot missiles and components, while NATO chief Mark Rutte praised the move and urged other allies to join. The US ambassador to NATO, Matthew Whitaker, expressed confidence that more countries would soon follow the Dutch lead, with deliveries expected to begin rapidly in the coming weeks.

Switzerland: Talks for an international plastics treaty end with no agreement
On 14 August, Euronews reported that the UN-led negotiations in Geneva on a landmark, legally binding treaty to tackle global plastic pollution ended in failure, with no agreement. The discussion took place for 11 days; however, delegates remained deadlocked over if the treaty should include binding limits on plastic production and regulation of toxic additives. These measures were strongly opposed by oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, the US, and others. The final draft failed to meet the "High Ambition Coalition"'s goals, leading to larger disappointment among France, Norway, and Tuvalu, who accused the objecting countries of prioritizing short-term economic interests over environmental and public health. Negotiations ended without reaching a consensus.

Europe: Spain along with other EU member states called for immediate assistance to combat wildfires
On 14 August, Euronews reported that the EU's solidarity requests to combat the rampant wildfires had already matched the total activations of the EU’s civil protection mechanism for the entire 2024 fire season. Spain became the first country to activate the mechanism, joined by Greece, Bulgaria, Albania, and Montenegro in seeking urgent assistance. The EU coordinated deployments include planes, helicopters, and pre-positioned firefighting teams (650 personnel from 14 countries) to aid the battle against fires that have scorched over 511,000 hectares, more than double the area burnt by mid-August.

THIS WEEK IN HISTORY
04 August 1914: The United Kingdom enters World War I as Germany invades Belgium
On 04 August 1914, the United Kingdom declared war on Germany after German forces invaded Belgium. The invasion violated the 1839 Treaty of London, in which Britain had pledged to protect Belgium's neutrality. Germany’s military implemented the Schlieffen Plan. The plan aimed to bypass French defenses by marching through Belgium to defeat France. The breach of Belgian neutrality outraged the British government and public, prompting action. British leaders viewed the invasion not only as a treaty violation but also as a threat to European balance and their own security. The British ultimatum to Germany, demanding withdrawal from Belgium, expired without compliance. As a result, Britain formally joined the First World War. This marked the transformation of a regional European conflict into a World War.
 
05 August 1963: The US, Soviet Union and the UK sign the Limited Nuclear Test Ban treaty in Moscow
On 05 August 1963, the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed in Moscow by the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. Though it had a limited impact on nuclear non-proliferation, the treaty set a critical precedent for future arms control. In the years following World War II, nuclear tensions escalated during the Cold War, with the US, USSR, and UK testing increasingly powerful weapons. The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 brought the world to the brink of nuclear war, prompting US President Kennedy and Soviet Premier Khrushchev to seek de-escalation. As Khrushchev described it, "The two most powerful nations had been squared off against each other, each with its finger on the button." Private correspondence between the two leaders renewed dialogue and ultimately led to the treaty. It banned nuclear explosions in the atmosphere, underwater, and outer space, while permitting underground tests that did not release radioactive material beyond national borders. The treaty pledged signatories to move towards complete disarmament, an end to the arms race, and an end to the environmental contamination caused by radioactive substances. In 1996, the UNGA adopted the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty (CTBT), prohibiting all nuclear explosions. As of 2024, 187 nations have signed the CTBT; however, it is yet to enter into force, pending ratification by key states, including the US, China, Russia, India, Pakistan, Israel, Iran, Egypt, and North Korea.
 
05 August 2024: PM Sheikh Hasina flees Bangladesh following student-led uprisings
On 05 August 2024, Sheikh Hasina, Bangladesh's longest serving Prime Minister for 15 years, was forced to resign and flee the country, prompted by severe civil unrest and student protests. The protests began in June 2024 when the controversial quota system for government posts was reinstated by the High Court after its abolition in 2018. The system reserved 30 per cent of civil service posts for the descendants of fighters in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, and was criticised as favouring the loyalists of the Awami League. The youth who were already facing an employment crisis and a weakened economy demanded a merit-based system of appointment and staged protests across the campuses in the country, which were largely ignored by the government.  On 15 July, Prime Minister Hasina referred to the student protesters as 'razakars,' a derogatory term referring to those who collaborated with Pakistan during the Liberation war. The members of the Awami League also attacked student protesters at the Dhaka University, escalating into violence and causing six deaths from clashes between protesters and pro-government supporters in the capital. The movement had steered from protests against the quota to a larger anti-government movement calling for the PM's resignation. On 04 August, violent clashes between the government forces and the protesters led to over 50 deaths in a single day, marking the bloodiest day of the conflict. On 05 August, protesters stormed the PM's residence and the Parliament, forcing Sheikh Hasina to resign from power and flee to India. On 06 August, the parliament was dissolved and a new interim government led by Nobel Prize laureate Muhammad Yunus as chief advisor was instated. Since the ousting of Sheikh Hasina, the political landscape of Bangladesh has severely altered. The Awami League suffered a severe blow to its political standing while the interim government, the army and other major parties are setting the stage for the upcoming elections.
 
06 August 1945: The United States drops the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima
On 06 August 1945, during the final days of World War II, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The bomb called “Little Boy” was dropped from a plane named Enola Gay in the morning. The explosion was huge and destroyed most of the city. Around 70,000 to 80,000 people died, and many more passed away later due to injuries and radiation. Buildings, homes, and schools were all wiped out in seconds. The bombing was meant to make Japan surrender and end the war quickly. US President Harry S Truman believed that using the bomb would force Japan to give up quickly and prevent further American casualties. However, Japan did not surrender immediately, and another bomb was dropped on Nagasaki three days later.
 
08 August 1974: Richard Nixon becomes the first US president to resign from the post following the Watergate scandal
On 08 August 1974, Richard Nixon became the first US President to resign from office,  announcing his decision through a televised address. Nixon had been under severe scrutiny for his involvement in the Watergate scandals and the impeachment proceedings were underway as he left the office on 09 August. On 17 June 1972, five burglars, including a security coordinator of Nixon’s Committee to Re-elect the President (CRP), were arrested during an attempt to wiretap the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate complex in Washington DC. Although the White House claimed innocence in the incident, the investigations of The Washington Post confirmed Nixon's involvement. Investigations revealed that the break-in was part of a larger plan to gather intelligence on citizens and political rivals from the Democratic party and was organized with the knowledge of the President’s office. On 20 October 1973, in the ‘Saturday Night Massacre’, Nixon ordered the expulsion of Archibald Cox, the special Watergate prosecutor. He also dispatched FBI agents to close the offices of the officials who had refused to comply with his demands. The event was an instance of blatant political coercion. Public confidence in the administration plummeted and in July 1974 the House Judiciary Committee had adopted three articles of impeachment against President Nixon: obstruction of justice, abuse of presidential powers, and hindrance of the impeachment process. On 09 August 1974, Vice President Gerard Ford assumed office as the President hours after Nixon’s resignation. On 08 September 1974, Ford, in a controversial move, granted full and unconditional pardon to Richard Nixon on all charges of the Watergate scandals. The Watergate scandal was a pivotal moment in US history that eroded the public trust in the administration and ushered in several measures to prevent abuse of power, including reforms to the Federal Election Campaign Act for better transparency and accountability.
 
08 August 1945: Former US President Truman ratifies the United Nations Charter
On 08 August 1945, the then-President Harry S Truman signed the United Nations Charter, making the US the first nation to join the new international organisation.  In March 1947, his famous 'Truman Doctrine Speech' voiced his aspirations for international cooperation. In April 1945, at the UN founding conference, he said "The United Nations is our best hope for a peaceful world." He articulated that diplomacy should be preferred over warfare, and the UN would create a new international order based on mutual respect, sovereignty, and cooperation. To the world which witnessed the horrors of World War II, he outlined the moral imperatives of the United Nations. He said "We must work together to build a world that is safe for our children and for the children of our children." Moreover, he was instrumental in laying the foundation for the US and its guiding principles, such as international cooperation, human rights advocacy, and collective security. Under the Trump presidency, the US outlook on the UN has drastically changed. Trump, being a transactional leader, has a 'contentious relationship' characterised by policies of large-scale funding reduction and threats of US withdrawal.
 
09 August 1945: The bombing of Nagasaki
On 09 August, three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, the United States dropped an atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Originally, Nagasaki had not been the primary target, Kokura was. But poor visibility forced the B-29 bomber Bockscar to divert. At 1102 hrs, the plutonium bomb nicknamed Fat Man exploded. It killed  27,000 people immediately and. By the end of 1945, the total death toll was around 70,000, including those who later died from radiation and injuries. In comparison, the uranium bomb Little Boy dropped on Hiroshima on 06 August killed about 78,000 people instantly, with total fatalities reaching around 140,000 by year’s end. The devastation of both cities hurried Japan’s surrender on 15 August 1945, bringing World War II to an end.
 
09 August 1965: Singapore becomes independent following its secession from Malaysia
On 09 August 1965, Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew announced Singapore’s secession from Malaysia and its independence in a historic press conference. Singapore had been a British colony until 1959, and operated with internal autonomy until its union with Malaysia in 1965. Driven by economic and security considerations and concerns over Singapore’s scarcity of natural resources as a small island state, Singaporean leaders decided to merge with Malaya. On 16 September 1963, Singapore, along with the four constituent territories unified under the Federation of Malaysia. Singapore became a state within the federation with internal self-governance but subject to the federal authority of Kuala Lumpur for defense, foreign affairs, and certain economic matters. However, political, economic, and racial tensions between Singapore’s predominantly Chinese population and the Malay-majority leadership in Kuala Lumpur strained the union. The People’s Action Party, led by Lee Kuan Yew, pushed for the policy of  "Malaysian Malaysia," advocating equal rights for all ethnic groups, which clashed with the federal government’s policies favoring Malay privileges leading to severe communal riots in 1964, and Singapore's secession from the union. After 60 years of independence, Singapore is renowned for its economic prowess, clean governance, and high quality of life. The success is often attributed to its visionary leadership, disciplined governance, and the collective effort of its people.

11 August 1919: The signing of the Weimar Constitution establishes the first parliamentary democracy in Germany
On 11 August 1919, provisional president Friedrich Ebert signed the 31 Weimar Constitution into law, officially establishing the first parliamentary democracy in Germany. From 1916, Germany had been under a military dictatorship led by the Supreme Army Command. However, with the imminent loss in the first World War, the military command urged Kaiser Wilhelm II and the Reichstag, the German Parliament, to form a civil government to negotiate an armistice with the Allied forces. This led to the amendment of the 1871 constitution, prompting the creation of a parliamentary democracy where the Chancellor of Germany was responsible to the Reichstag instead of the monarch. However, domestic unrest persisted as the public rioted against the economic unrest, mutinies broke out within the army and the leftist forces in Germany demanded the establishment of a socialist republic guided by Bolshevik principles. To pacify the public, the Chancellor transferred his powers to Friedrich Ebert, the leader of  Germany’s Social Democratic Party (SPD). The SDP authored the Weimar Constitution, creating a semi-presidential republic with a bicameral parliament, elected every four years by proportional representation with universal suffrage for those over 20. Despite the progressive outlook of the Constitution, it was riddled with several faultlines that were later exploited by Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party to rise to power.
 
On 13 August 1962: East Germany begins construction of the Berlin Wall on ‘Barbed Wire Sunday’
On 13 August, the government of the German Democratic Republic began construction of the Berlin Wall, which divided the city of Berlin into two parts: East and West. In 1961, tensions between the US and Soviet Union escalated with the then-Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev’s attempt to change Berlin’s status quo by demanding the withdrawal of all armed forces from the city and preventing East Germans from migrating to West Germany. In the 1961 Vienna Summit, Khrushchev continued to put forth his demands and renewed negotiations with the then-US President John F. Kennedy. However, no agreement was reached. Subsequently, East Germany’s leader Walter Ulbricht ordered the closure of the border between East and West Berlin. At midnight on 12 August, East Germany’s police and units of the Soviet Army began to close the borders and by morning, 13th August 1962, the border with West Berlin had been shut. Since then, the Berlin Wall has become a prominent symbol of ideological division between Germany and Europe during the Cold War until its demolition in 1989.
 
On 13 August 1942: The Manhattan Project commences, resulting in the development of an atomic bomb
On 13th August, the Manhattan Project commenced with the aim of developing an Atomic bomb. In 1938, it was discovered that a Uranium atom can be split into two nuclei, which releases enough energy to prepare a bomb. After this discovery, Albert Einstein sent a letter to US President Franklin D. Roosevelt stating the urgency on the issue as Germany might develop it before them. In 1939, an advisory committee was formed by the President to work on Uranium. In 1941, the Office of Scientific Research and Development was established, marking a significant step towards organised research. On 13 August 1942, the project commenced with an effort to bring the theory of nuclear weapons into practice by establishing the Manhattan Engineering District by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineer

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