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China Reader Daily Wire | 31 July 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 136

Meloni’s China visit signals a new era in Sino-Italian relations, an editorial in Global Times

Xi and Meloni reaffirmed Sino-Italian partnership through the Silk Road

China Reader Daily Wire | 31 July 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 136
CHINA & EUROPE
Meloni’s China visit signals a new era in Sino-Italian relations, an editorial in Global Times
On 28 July an editorial in Global Times reported that Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s five-day visit to China marked a significant milestone in bilateral relations. Meloni’s trip aims to strengthen economic ties and address diplomatic challenges. Premier Li Qiang welcomed Meloni, emphasising the need for enhanced cooperation. The visit resulted in multiple agreements covering industry, education, and environmental protection. Despite Italy’s withdrawal from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), both nations express interest in alternative collaboration plans. Business leaders like Massimo Bagnasco highlight opportunities in green technologies and climate change solutions. The former president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies, Irene Pivetti envisions: “a restart of a planned global cooperation” with “a much more constant and deep dialogue.” The visit also addressed broader EU-China relations, particularly regarding electric vehicle tariffs. Global Times reported that experts view the visit as strategically timed, potentially stabilising China-Europe relations and preparing for geopolitical shifts, including possible changes in US foreign policy following the upcoming presidential election. (“Italian Prime Minister kicks off China visit, with economic cooperation in focus,” Global Times, 28 July 2024)

Xi and Meloni reaffirmed Sino-Italian partnership through the Silk Road
On 29 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni met in Beijing. They emphasised their enduring friendship between their nations and the importance of the Silk Road spirit in fostering mutual understanding. Xi highlighted that despite global shifts, China’s commitment to Italy remains steadfast and said: “China's commitment to valuing and developing relations with Italy has not changed.” The leaders discussed expanding cooperation in traditional and emerging sectors, including electric vehicles and artificial intelligence. Xi welcomed Italian investment in China and called for a fair business environment for Chinese companies in Italy. He also expressed hope for Italy’s support in promoting positive China-EU relations. Meloni acknowledged China’s crucial role in addressing global challenges and reaffirmed Italy’s adherence to the one-China policy. She emphasised Italy’s opposition to decoupling and protectionism. She said: “Italy opposes decoupling and protectionism, and is willing to play a positive role in further deepening and consolidating EU-China relations.” The meeting concluded with issuing a 2024-2027 action plan to strengthen the comprehensive strategic partnership between the two nations. (“Xi meets Italian prime minister, calls for upholding Silk Road spirit,” Xinhua, 29 July 2024)

Italy and China forge new path with a three-year Action Plan
On 28 July, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni and Chinese officials unveiled a three-year action plan during her official visit to Beijing. The plan is aimed at revitalising bilateral relations. This strategic move comes after Italy's exit from China's Belt and Road Initiative, signalling a shift in approach rather than a retreat from cooperation. The plan focuses on implementing existing agreements and exploring an industrial collaboration memorandum, focusing on electric vehicles and renewable energy. Meloni described these as “sectors where China has already been operating on the technological frontier for some time.” Meloni also emphasised the plan's potential and said: “We certainly have a lot of work to do and I am convinced that this work can be useful in such a complex phase on a global level.” Chinese Premier Li Qiang highlighted China’s commitment to market openness and fair treatment of foreign companies, addressing common business concerns. The action plan aligns with recent developments, such as Stellantis’ joint venture with Chinese EV startup Leapmotor. However, challenges persist with EU-China trade tensions over electric vehicles and China’s recent anti-dumping investigation into European pork exports persist. (Ken Moritsugu, “Italy and China sign a 3-year action plan as Italian leader Meloni tries to reset relations,” AP News, 28 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
US to extend USD 500 million aid to Philippines to deter China
On 29 July, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken announced that the US will “allocate” USD 500 million more in military aid with the aim of boosting “security collaboration” at a news conference in the presence of Foreign Affairs Secretary, Enrique Manalo and Defence Secretary of Philippines, Gilbert Teodoro. The allocation is described as a “once in a generation investment” which will alter Philippine’s defence forces and coastguard. Defence Secretary Lloyd Austin commented that the US’ collaboration with the Philippines is to “advance” their common objective of a “free and open Indo-Pacific.” Manalo responded that his country approves of this “ironclad commitment” and Teodoro said the aid will tremendously “boost” Manaila’s military “capabilities.” (“US hands $500m military aid boost to Philippines amid China tensions ,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2024)

CHINA & AFRICA
China and Tanzania conduct joint military drills
On 29 July, China and Tanzania initiated a “joint counter-terrorism” exercise in the Peace Unity 2024 joint exercise “Mapinga.” According to the PLA Daily, the exercise consisted of a land and sea phase. The latter will be carried out till 5 August and the former till 11 August. The China Central Television noted that China has sent “whole units” to Tanzania with Y-20 aircraft, two Type 071 landing ships, Type 052D missile destroyers, and the ‘Hefei’. Chinese Military experts highlighted this as the “first time” the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has sent out its aircraft and ships to a program in Africa. The PLA Daily said at a display session “23 typical Chinese weapons in seven categories” were shared with Tanzania. According to a Chinese expert, the exercise will assist in “peace and stability in the region.” (Liu Xuanzun and Guo Yuandan, “China-Tanzania joint military drill kicks off, 'reflects Chinese continental power projection capabilities',” Global Times, 30 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 30 July 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 135
MARITIME
China’s top naval officer joins Russia’s Navy Day, reports SCMP
On 29 July, SCMP reported that China’s newly appointed top naval commander Admiral Hu Zhongming made his international debut at Russia’s Navy Day celebrations in St Petersburg. This visit underscores the growing maritime cooperation between China and Russia amid global tensions. Hu’s participation in the event, hosted by President Vladimir Putin, included discussions on “pressing” naval cooperation issues with Russian officials. China’s presence at the parade was marked by the Type 052D guided missile destroyer Jiaozuo, which Putin inspected. Chinese sailors aboard responded with “long live friendship” to Putin’s greetings, symbolising the warm relations between the two navies. This marks China’s third participation in Russia’s Navy Day celebrations, following appearances in 2017 and 2019. (Amber Wang, “Top Chinese navy officer Hu Zhongming and PLA ships head to Russia for maritime parade,” South China Morning Post, 29 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
US-Philippines engagements help with 'agile' responses to China, says Marcos
On 30 July, CNA reported on Philippines President Ferdinand Marcos Jr’s invitation to the United States Cabinet secretaries Antony Blinken and Lloyd Austin. To discuss measures to counter China related maritime tensions in the Manila region. Under Marcos both countries have established cordial relations; China claims 90 per cent of the sea as sovereign in the South China Sea region, while the Philippines compete for the same region. In addition, the CNA reported, about the high tensions in recent years after a “Filipino sailor losing a finger in a Jun 17 clash” for which the Manila claimed to be “intentional-high speed ramming.” The Manila avoided America’s offer and accepted a “provisional agreement” with the Chinese to ease the tensions. Furthermore, the US top diplomat met the Chinese Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi in Laos and criticised China’s actions against Taiwan and the Philippines. Besides, the Pentagon’s spending of USD 128 million for the development of infrastructure at Philippine bases for US accessibility is also noticeable. (“US-Philippines engagements help with 'agile' responses to China, says Marcos,” CNA 30 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
IPAC conference in Taiwan draws global lawmakers, reports SCMP
On 29 July, SCMP reported that the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC) is set to commence its annual conference in Taiwan. The conference drew 48 lawmakers from 24 countries across five continents. This gathering, described as “the largest parliamentary delegation ever to visit Taiwan in an institutional capacity,” aims to develop strategies for maintaining cross-strait stability and peace. Taiwan’s leader, William Lai Ching-te will deliver the opening address, with Deputy Hsiao Bi-khim also participating. The delegation’s itinerary includes meetings with officials and visits to hi-tech companies, offering insights into Taiwan’s political landscape and economic role. Beijing’s displeasure with the event is evident, with reports of Chinese diplomats attempting to dissuade lawmakers from attending in at least five countries. IPAC condemned these actions by asserting that “democratically elected lawmakers are free to visit and support causes of their choosing.” The conference occurs amid heightened cross-strait tensions following Lai’s election, whom Beijing labels an “obstinate separatist.” (Lawrence Chuung, “Taiwan hosts international anti-Chinese Communist Party coalition conference,” South China Morning Post, 29 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China Eastern Airlines expands C919 fleet, reports CGTN
On 29 July, China Eastern Airlines bolstered its fleet with the addition of its seventh C919 aircraft. The aircraft was delivered by the Commercial Aircraft Corp of China in Shanghai. This latest acquisition, coded B-919H, marks the third C919 received by the airline this year. The C919 now serves four routes from Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport, connecting major cities including Beijing, Chengdu, Xi'an, and Guangzhou. Since its commercial debut on 28 May, 2023, the C919 has demonstrated impressive performance, completing 3,031 flights and transporting nearly 405,000 passengers. (“China Eastern Airlines receives 7th domestically developed C919 aircraft,” CGTN, 30 July 2024)

EXTERNAL
China rebuffs US and Quad alliance stance on regional Security, reports SCMP
On 29 July, SCMP reported that China strongly criticised recent diplomatic manoeuvres by the US and its allies, accusing them of destabilising regional peace. This response follows US-Japan “2+2” talks and a Quad foreign ministers’ meeting. This meeting highlighted concerns about China’s actions in the Indo-Pacific. Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Lin Jian asserted that Japan and the US were “compromising the security interests of other countries” under the guise of promoting international order. He said: “They claim to promote regional peace... but are actually forming blocs, cobbling together exclusionary groupings, manipulating political games and creating confrontations.” The US-Japan joint statement labelled China as the “greatest strategic challenge” in the region, criticising its nuclear expansion and maritime activities. The Quad meeting echoed similar concerns, particularly regarding the South China Sea. Lin defended China's actions as “legitimate and reasonable,” accusing “extra-regional countries” of provoking tensions. He emphasised China's commitment to addressing maritime issues through bilateral dialogue. (Alyssa Chen, “China slams US, Japan, Quad alliance as ‘threats to regional peace and stability’,” South China Morning Post, 29 July 2024)

CHINA & TAIWAN
China and Taiwan agree to negotiations after fishing boat chase incident
On 30 July, Mainland China and Taiwan reached an agreement over a maritime incident that resulted in the deaths of two mainland fishermen in February. The deal, struck after months of stalled negotiations, includes compensation for the victims’ families and the repatriation of the deceased. The incident occurred when a fishing boat capsized during a chase by the Taiwanese coastguard near Quemoy (Kinmen). The Deputy Director of the Quanzhou Taiwan Affairs Office Li Zhaohui expressed hope for swift implementation of the agreement. While specific terms were not disclosed, local media reported a compensation of 1.5 million yuan per family and an apology from Taiwan. The head of Taiwan's coastguard Chang Chung-lung publicly apologized during a memorial service. The talks marked a rare instance of direct communication between officials from both sides since Beijing severed ties in 2016. Taiwan's Mainland Affairs Council’s Liang Wen-chieh emphasised the importance of “continuous communication” in reaching an agreement. This resolution comes amid ongoing tensions, including the detention of a Taiwanese fishing boat and a soldier by mainland authorities. Despite the agreement, cross-strait relations remain strained, particularly with the election of William Lai Ching-te as Taiwan's new leader. (Sylvie Zhuang and Lawrence Chung, “Mainland China and Taiwan reach deal to resolve crisis over fishing crew deaths near Quemoy,” South China Morning Post, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Quad FM meeting ‘creates tensions,’ an opinion in Global Times
On 29 July, an opinion in Global Times reported that talks were held by top diplomats of the Quad countries, regarding the East and South China Sea promising maritime order in the “Indo-Pacific region.” The op-ed stated that the “China-threat” rhetoric is a method opted by the US to create security chaos and hence make other countries rely on the US. Japan’s Minister of Foreign Affairs said the Quad Countries have pledged towards the understanding of a “free and open Indo-Pacific, by following all international rules related to the maritime order. In addition, the Minister highlighted the significance of having freedom of navigation and overflight, and cooperation on maritime security, critical and emerging technologies, cybersecurity, and counter-terrorism. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Lin Jian said Quad: “runs counter to the overwhelming trend of pursuing peace, development, cooperation, and prosperity in the Asia-Pacific and will by no means gain any support.” (“Quad FM meeting ‘creates tensions’ by hyping up ‘China threat’ in South China Sea,” Global Times, 30 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 29 July 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 134
CHINA & THE PACIFIC
Australia to establish “cable connectivity and resilience center,” to deter China, reports The Guardian
On 28 July, The Guardian informed that Australia plans to set up a “cable connectivity and resilience center,” to further connectivity among Pacific countries and deter Chinese influence. Australian Foreign Minister Penny Wong is set to announce the same during the Quad meeting in Japan as other counterparts from India and the US join. The centre will be donated USD 18 million by Australia and they will provide technical assistance and training across the Indo-Pacific. Wong expressed that this would address the most pressing issue in the Indo–Pacific. The center will be staffed by Australian civil servants who will be responsible for providing advice and assistance to other Pacific countries. (“Wong announces new digital cable center to limit China’s influence in Indo-Pacific,” The Guardian, 28 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Italian Prime Minister’s China visit signals a new era of cooperation amid global tensions, an editorial in Global Times
On 27 July, an editorial in Global Times noted that Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni’s five-day visit to China marked a significant step in strengthening bilateral relations. Despite Italy’s withdrawal from the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the visit aimed to enhance cooperation and resolve differences. Premier Li Qiang emphasized the need for “enhanced economic and trade cooperation” during their meeting. The CEO of China Europe Carbon Neutral Technology Massimo Bagnasco highlighted the importance of green technologies and said: “This visit will confirm the guidelines for framework cooperation in certain sectors.” The former president of the Italian Chamber of Deputies Irene Pivetti expected “a restart of planned global cooperation” with “a much more constant and deep dialogue than before.” The visit came amid EU discussions on imposing tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. Pivetti dismissed accusations of Chinese overcapacity as “nonsense,” emphasizing Italian entrepreneurs’ desire to engage with China. The editorial stated that experts viewed Meloni’s trip as an opportunity to stabilize China-Europe relations and prepare for potential shifts in US foreign policy. A professor at Beijing Foreign Studies University Cui Hongjian noted that the visit could help “minimize losses and impacts” of potential geopolitical changes while fostering stronger EU unity and China cooperation. (“Italian Prime Minister kicks off China visit, with economic cooperation in focus,” Global Times, 28 July 2024)

ECONOMY
Evergrande’s creditor NEV served bankruptcy notice, reports SCMP
On 29 July, SCMP reported that Chinese Evergrande’s New Energy Vehicle (NEV) Group has also been served bankruptcynotice. Evergrande New Energy Vehicle (Guangdong) and Evergrande Smart Automotive (Guangdong) are two subsidiaries of NEV. The submission of a bankruptcy notice can have a substantial impact on production and operations. The information comes after the carmaker was asked to return USD 1.9 million in subsidies. Last year the company estimated that its total comprehensive loss was 12.3 billion Yuan. Director at Beijing-based investment firm Chanson & Company, Shen Meng said: “Should the company declare bankruptcy, it may lose control of its two subsidiaries, further weakening the quality of its assets. However, given the company’s current condition, [its downfall] will not have an industry-wide impact.” (“Evergrande NEV’s creditors seek bankruptcy proceedings for carmaker’s 2 units,” SCMP, 29 July 2024)

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Chinese researchers develop meltdown safe nuclear power plant reactors, reports Independent
On 29 July, Independent reported that China has successfully developed the world’s first meltdown-proof nuclear power plant. The plant was developed by researchers at Tsinghua University. This new fleet will be transformative for nuclear energy development and a major step towards nuclear energy safety. In nuclear plants, nuclear fission that powers the plant generates extreme heat and poses a fire risk. There is a traditional risk of plant meltdown if the cooling system in the plant fails. The Chinese researchers have developed a “pebble-bed reactor,” to curb that risk. This reactor instead of water uses helium gas to cool down the reactor. Additionally, instead of large fuel rods, it uses small graphite spheres with uranium fuel particles that are highly resistant to heat. The new design ensures that the reactors won’t overheat if the cooling system fails. (“China unveils meltdown-proof nuclear power plant in clean energy breakthrough,” Independent, 29 July 2024)

EXTERNAL
Lawmakers from six countries inform that China is pressuring them to not attend a conference in Taiwan, reports Associated Pres
On 29 July, the Associated Press reported that lawmakers from six countries informed that Chinese diplomats are pressuring them to not attend the China conference held in Taipei. The information was shared by politicians from Bolivia, Colombia, Slovakia, North Macedonia, and Bosnia among others. They informed me that they were getting urgent texts for a meeting to be conducted with China on the same day as they were supposed to be in Taiwan. The meeting is held by the Inter-Parliamentary Alliance (IPAC) on China, discussing how democracies look at China. IPAC has long been pressurized by the Chinese government and many members of IPAC have been sanctioned by the Chinese government. (“Lawmakers from 6 countries say Beijing is pressuring them not to attend a conference in Taiwan,” Associated Press, 29 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Chinese President meets President of Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste
On 29 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping met the President of the Democratic Republic of Timor-Leste Jose Ramos-Horta. Xi stated that China’s comprehensive reforms would provide new opportunities for global economies and would help in their bilateral cooperation. Xi said: “China will further comprehensively deepen reform and promote high-quality development and high-level opening up, which will provide new impetus and new opportunities for global economic development and cooperation between China and Timor-Leste.” This is the first time that the president of Timor visited China in 2022. Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Mao Ning stated that China is the first country to recognize Timor-Leste and establish diplomatic ties with them. (“China's comprehensive deepening of reforms to bring new impetus to global economic development: Xi,” People’s Daily Online, 29 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Typhoon Gaemi’s kills 22 in China and North Korea
On 30 July, the remnants of Typhoon Gaemi unleashed devastating floods and mudslides across China and North Korea, claiming at least 22 lives. China’s Hunan province bore the brunt of the disaster, with 15 fatalities reported from a single landslide at a guesthouse. Zixing city in Hunan faced unprecedented rainfall, recording 645 mm in just 24 hours. The deluge damaged nearly 1,000 homes, triggered over 1,300 road collapses, and forced the evacuation of more than 11,000 residents. Simultaneously, a dam breach in another part of the province displaced almost 4,000 people. China’s National Meteorological Centre issued an orange alert for rainstorms across multiple regions, while the Ministry of Finance allocated 238 million yuan for disaster prevention and agricultural aid. The crisis extends beyond China’s borders, with the Yalu River separating China and North Korea, which is experiencing severe flooding. Weather experts attribute this extreme weather to a combination of the southwest monsoon and Typhoon Gaemi's lingering effects. (“At least 22 dead as tail end of Typhoon Gaemi lashes China,” Aljazeera, 30 July 2024)

Former CNPC chairman expelled from Communist Party over corruption allegation
On 31 July, the ex-chairman of China National Petroleum Corp (CNPC)Wang Yilin, was expelled from the Communist Party for severe disciplinary violations. State media reported that Wang illegally accepted valuable assets and misused his position to grant favours in project contracting and business operations. He also indulged in improper travel arrangements with private entrepreneurs. Wang, who retired from CNPC in January 2020, was under investigation since February. His case will now be transferred to prosecutors. Notably, Wang previously held leadership positions at China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) and served as a deputy director in the China People's Political Consultative Conference's economic committee. However, he is no longer listed in these roles on the organisation’s website. (“China's Communist Party expels former CNPC chairman, state media says,” Reuter, 31 July 2024)

ECONOMY
China’s Politburo strategize economic plan to further consumerism, an editorial in VOA
On 30 July, an editorial in VOA reported that China’s Politburo had outlined a strategic plan to boost the economy by encouraging consumer spending and promoting market efficiency. The 24-member leadership group acknowledged upcoming challenges and said: “There are still many risks and hidden dangers in key areas,” and emphasised the need for reform and stability in the latter half of the year. The plan aims to support low and middle-income groups, enhance the social safety net, and stimulate spending through measures like subsidies for electric vehicles. The editorial noted that critics like Julian Evans-Pritchard noted the lack of specifics in implementation. The Politburo stressed supporting innovative “gazelle” and “unicorn” enterprises while eliminating inefficient production capacity. It also highlighted concerns about rural poverty and bureaucratic resistance to new initiatives. Despite these efforts, Chinese markets have shown little enthusiasm. The Hong Kong Hang Seng index and Shanghai Composite index have both declined in recent months. This economic strategy comes as China faces slowing growth, with the economy expanding at 4.7 per cent in the last quarter, down from 5.3 per cent in the first quarter, amid global uncertainties and domestic challenges. (“China's top leaders vow to support consumers and improve confidence in its slowing economy,” VOA, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & TAIWAN
IPAC Summit in Taiwan expands amid Chinese diplomatic pressure
On 31 July The Guardian reported that the Inter-parliamentary Alliance on China (IPAC) recently concluded its fourth annual summit in Taipei, drawing approximately 50 parliamentarians from 23 countries. The event, aimed at countering perceived threats from China, faced diplomatic resistance from Beijing. IPAC's executive director Luke de Pulford, condemned China’s attempts to dissuade attendance as “remarkably bullish” and “massively overstepping.” He noted that these efforts primarily targeted Global South countries, describing it as “a really shocking way to behave.” The summit saw IPAC expand its membership, notably including representatives from Taiwan and the Solomon Islands. A Solomon Islands opposition MP Peter Keniloria, expressed a desire to restore his country’s relationship with Taiwan. IPAC’s agenda included addressing China’s alleged mischaracterisation of UN Resolution 2758 and discussing human rights issues in Xinjiang and Hong Kong. Bolivian senator Cecelia Requena highlighted concerns about China’s influence in Latin America. China's foreign ministry dismissed IPAC as having “no credibility” and opposed any official exchanges between its diplomatic partners and Taiwan. (Helen Davidson, “China used ‘shocking’ bullying tactics ahead of Taiwan Ipac summit, organiser says,” The Guardian, 31 July)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
Chinese Foreign Ministry summons Japanese diplomat comments on China at international platform
On 30 July, Chinese Department of Asian Affairs of Chinese Foreign Ministry, summoned a senior Japanese diplomat voicing “serious concern and strong dissatisfaction.” This was over Tokyo’s recent remarks about China. The director-general of the Department of Asian Affairs of the Chinese Foreign Ministry Liu Jinsong rebuked Japan for its comments at several international meetings, stating that they undermined the strategic reciprocal relationship. He urged Japan to “cease interference in China's internal affairs” and halt collaborations with other countries that foster confrontation. Liu called for Japan to honor the political foundation of their bilateral ties. Yokochi Akira from the Japanese Embassy in return reaffirmed Japan’s commitment to the 1972 Japan-China Joint Statement and expressed a desire to advance their strategic relationship. (“China urges Japan to stop meddling in its internal affairs,” CGTN, 31 July 2024)

China and Russia are vying for influence over North Korea, says US Deputy Secretary of State
On 30 July, Korea Times reported on the US Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell sheddding light on the intricate power dynamics between China, Russia, and North Korea. At a Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing, Campbell revealed that China and Russia are vying for influence over North Korea, with Beijing expressing concern about Moscow’s growing ties with Pyongyang. Campbell emphasised the complexity of relationships among these nations and said: “It doesn't mean that there is a division or gulf, but it just means that there is a complex diplomacy among these various countries that are aggrieved by us.” The diplomat contrasted these relationships with the US’s “deeper” partnerships based on shared democratic values. He noted the unprecedented support from Japan, South Korea, and Australia for Ukraine as evidence of strong US alliances. Campbell also highlighted Vladimir Putin’s diplomatic prowess, describing him as “a master at even playing the weak hand.” He stressed the importance of US cooperation with allies to counter challenges posed by the “increasingly purposeful” association of China, Russia, North Korea, and Iran. (“Russia vying for influence over N. Korea: Campbell,” The Korea Times, 31 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
“No rethinking at present to support Chinese investments in the country,” says Indian Commerce and Industry Minister
On 30 July, Indian Commerce and Industry Minister Piyush Goyal firmly stated that India has no plans to reconsider its position on foreign direct investments (FDI) from China, despite recent recommendations from the Economic Survey. Goyal emphasised: “There is no rethinking at present to support Chinese investments in the country,” dismissing the survey’s non-binding nature. The Economic Survey had proposed attracting Chinese FDI to boost local manufacturing and exports, particularly in light of the ‘China plus one’ strategy. However, India’s cautious approach towards Chinese investments, implemented in 2020, remains unchanged due to ongoing border tensions. Despite limited Chinese FDI, bilateral trade has flourished, with China becoming India’s largest trading partner in 2023-24, surpassing the US. The trade volume reached USD 118.4 billion, although the trade deficit widened to USD 85 billion. India’s complex relationship with China is evident in its actions, including banning Chinese apps and rejecting major investment proposals. However, some Chinese-linked investments, such as JSW Group’s stake in MG Motor India, have been approved, indicating a nuanced approach to economic engagement while maintaining strategic caution. (“No rethinking on supporting Chinese investments in India: Piyush Goyal,” Business Standard, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Malaysia seeks BRICS membership, Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim
On 28 July, Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim notified that he sent an application to Russia to join the BRICS. Russia is currently the chair of the alliance. On 29 July, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Lin Jian welcomed this development. He said that the “expansion” of BRICS represents a “trend of the times.” The bloc is essential in fulfilling countries' interests and is a “strong driving force” for democracy in the international arena. Senior Fellow of Pangoal Institution, a think tank, highlighted that though the Russian Foreign Minister had announced a “pause” in giving entry to new members, Malaysia joining will “only be a plus.” He added that China, one of the founding member’s endorsement of Malaysia will assist in its chances of becoming a member. He spoke about Malaysia sharing similar political concerns about the West. (Cyril Ip, “China supports Malaysia’s Brics application, saying ‘like-minded partners’ are welcome ,” South China Morning Post, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
Arab League and China Media Group sign a MoU on “joint content production, media technology innovation, and personnel exchanges”
On 30 July, the Arab League and the China Media Group entered a memorandum of understanding. It seeks collaboration between both parties in the areas of establishing, exchanging, and digitizing documentary archives, “joint content production, media technology innovation, and personnel exchanges.” It is scheduled to launch at the second forum summit in 2026. To commemorate the 20th anniversary of the China-Arab States Cooperation Forum, the group’s plan to create a documentary that will represent the key junctures in history, past accomplishments, and future prospects of development for the forum. Secretary General of the Arab League Ahmed Aboul Gheit engaged in a discussion with the deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee and CMG president. Gheit affirmed that China’s reforms will “bring new impetus to global development.” He further expressed appreciation of CMG’s media technologies including “ultra-high definition, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence” and lauded China Global Television Network’s “fair” and “objective” reports. Shen commented that China-Arab relations “are at an all-time high.” This is also an example of "South-South cooperation.” (“Arab League, China Media Group sign cooperation agreement” Global Times, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & AFRICA
“China-Africa community with a shared future,” an editorial in Global Times
On 30 July, in an editorial in Global Times titled “FOCAC summit to start a new stage for China-Africa relations,” Chen Qingqing discusses the upcoming China-Africa summit which will be held in Beijing between 4-6 September. The theme of the forum is to join “Hands to Advance Modernization” and set up a “China-Africa Community with a Shared Future.” The Forum on China-Africa Cooperation is set to “write a new chapter” on the development of China and Africa ties and the future. Experts believe that the forum will allow African countries to align their “development strategies” and meet their “collective demands.” According to a resident research fellow at Zhejiang Normal University, Shen Shiwei, the summit will be closely watched by Western powers. Beijing Foreign Studies University professor, Song Wei is of the opinion that China and Africa may have “closer cooperation” from the post-COVID period. This cooperation is characterised by “financial support”, and “Africa’s industrialization and modernization.” Shen said that the summit may focus on financing industries that contribute to “modernization” as the previous FOCAC projects concentrated on improving livelihoods, poverty upliftment, “governance exchange, and infrastructure development.” (Chen Qingqing, “FOCAC summit to start a new stage for China-Africa relations,” Global Times, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China must “prepare for the worst,” says an editorial in SCMP
On 29 July, in an editorial in South China Morning Post titled “Why US right-wing Project 2025 could be bad news for Beijing: ‘China is a threat’,” experts forecast that in the US presidential elections the Republicans may emerge victorious and they may implement the Project 2025. The Project 2025 is a “radical political blueprint” of the right wing government. Their 900-page manifesto is titled Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise. It proposes a “massive reshaping of the federal government” with an objective to dissolve “the Deep State.” Besides this, the blueprint states “How we can take on China.” The editorial quotes director of the China programme at Stimson Centre, Yin Sun saying that China to the US “is a threat, not a competitor.” She added that if Former US president Donald Trump were to come back to power, the “US policy on China will be tougher” and the latter must understand “that things will become worse.” Professor at Nanjing University, Zhu Feng believes that China will have to “be well prepared.” The 2024 Republic platform is supposedly “one of Project 2025’s four pillars.” It consists of a list of the personnel who will serve under the Trump administration, training programmes for said personnel and measures that will be put to action within 180 days of joining office. The forward of this book deems China a “totalitarian” adversary of the US and is neither a “strategic partner nor fair competitor.” The book suggests steps by which the US will curb Chinese influence by for instance, banning TikTok, countering the Belt and Road Initiative, providing military assistance to Taiwan and so on. The former editor in chief of Global Times, Hu Fijian deems the tone of Project 2025 “shockingly malicious.” In his opinion, the Americans are not ready to bear the repercussions arising from terminating ties with China. He concluded that the projects will become the US’ declaration of war against China. (“Why US right-wing Project 2025 could be bad news for Beijing: ‘China is a threat',” South China Morning Post, 30 July 2024)

US-China tensions persist , US Secretary of State meets Chinese FM
On 27 July, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi met in Laos. This marked their sixth encounter since last year. The hour-long discussion, held during a Southeast Asian security forum highlighted ongoing friction between the two nations. While the US State Department described the talks as “open and productive,” significant disagreements remained unresolved. Blinken emphasized America’s commitment to a “free and open Indo-Pacific,” addressing concerns about China’s actions towards Taiwan and in the South China Sea. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs expressed frustration and said: “The US has not stopped its containment and suppression of China and has even further intensified it.” They stressed the need to “manage risks, properly handle differences, eliminate disturbance, and promote cooperation.” Blinken praised a recent agreement between China and the Philippines that eased tensions in the disputed South China Sea. However, he also criticized China’s “escalatory and unlawful actions” in the region. (Matthew Lee, “The US and China air global differences as their top diplomats meet for the sixth time since last year,” AP News, 27 July 2024)

US raid on Fuyao Glass America sparks concerns in China, reports SCMP
On 26 July, SCMP reported that a high-profile investigation into Fuyao Glass America and its contractors raised eyebrows in China. This further potentially complicated US-China relations. Multiple US law enforcement agencies, including Homeland Security and the FBI, executed search warrants at twenty-eight locations in Ohio, investigating allegations of “financial crimes and labor exploitation.” Fuyao stated it's “not the target of the investigation,” the raid coincides with ongoing US political discussions about containing China ahead of the presidential election. A Tsinghua University professor noted the raid’s sensitive timing and suggested it “might become a talking point in the run-up to the US presidential election.” The investigation has stirred local concerns, with Ohio State Senator Niraj Antani expressing he was “deeply concerned” about the action, given previous state incentives provided to Fuyao. Amid these tensions, Chinese Ambassador Xie Feng emphasized the mutual benefits of US-China cooperation and said: “More than 70,000 US companies had benefited from China’s growth.” He urged both sides to complement rather than hurt each other” and “lengthen the cooperation list, shorten the ‘negative list’.” (William Zheng, “US special agents raid Chinese firm Fuyao Glass over ‘financial crimes and labor abuse’,” South China Morning Post, 28 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 27 July 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 133
CHINA & EAST ASIA
China-Japan relations at crossroads amid regional tensions, says Chinese Foreign Minister
On 26 July, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi warned that China-Japan relations are at a “critical stage” during talks with his Japanese counterpart, Yoko Kamikawa, in Laos. Wang urged Japan to take an “objective and correct” view of China, emphasising the need to safeguard their relationship's political foundations. The meeting addressed several contentious issues, including Japan's semiconductor export restrictions and China’s ban on Japanese seafood imports following the Fukushima water release. Kamikawa expressed concerns about China’s military activities and human rights issues while reiterating the importance of Taiwan Strait stability. (Orange Wang, “Chinese foreign minister warns relations with Japan risk going backwards,” South China Morning Post, 26 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
The US needs to appease Mexico to overcome China, an opinion in Foreign Policy
On 24 July, in an opinion in Foreign Policy titled “Solving the China Challenge in Mexico,” Connor Pfeiffer and Ryan C. Berg believe that Mexico has now become “the No. 1 trade partner of the US.” But Mexican officials have warned that Mexico may turn to “China if there were disagreements with the US on trade matters.” In the backdrop, a US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) is underway in 2026. The authors argue that Mexico’s “theory of nonalignment” and “openly” welcoming China’s presence would “debilitate Washington’s ability to compete effectively with Beijing.”Andrés Manuel López Obrador’s victory in June and the US presidential elections in November will determine “the dynamic for the countries’ bilateral relations” for the next ten years. The authors believe that it is now important for the “next U.S. administration” to offer Mexico “economic incentives” that can pump up “nearshoring investments”, create employment in both states, and “bolster North American supply chain security.” The authors emphasize that this is a “pivotal juncture” for the leaders in Washington and Mexico City, to “upgrade the relationship to a strategic partnership.” The authors outline three key issues where the US faces a “growing China challenge in Mexico.” They include foreign investment, “critical infrastructure and the fentanyl crisis.” The Mexican Association of Private Industrial Parks expects “1 in 5 new customers” to “be Chinese companies.” The authors suggest that as a result, the “growing Chinese presence” in “strategic” areas, for instance, “electric vehicles, mining, ports, technology, and telecommunications” will “undermine” the US security and economic interests. Additionally, the authors note that “at least seven Chinese companies” that were sanctioned by the US for catering to “Beijing’s military and intelligence apparatuses” also operate in Mexico. (Connor Pfeiffer and Ryan C. Berg, “Solving the China Challenge in Mexico” Foreign Policy, 24 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Level-IV emergency response initiated over Typhoon Gaemi, says the Ministry of Emergency Management
On 26 July, the Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management launched their level-IV emergency response for floods. These response measures are for Guangdong, Shandong, Henan, and Hubei provinces. The measures come in light of Typhoon Gaemi hitting China after it wreaked havoc in Taiwan. The typhoon is travelling inland of the Fujian Province in southeast China. The ministry informed that consolations are going on amongst government departments. Chinese State Flood Control and Drought Relief Headquarters said: “Typhoon Gaemi is moving deeper inland and northward, bringing heavy rainfall to the central and eastern parts of the country. Some small and medium-sized rivers have experienced floods above the warning level, and the flood control situation is severe and complicated.” The headquarters called for continuous updates on forecasting and warning of Typhoons. (“China activates emergency response to floods in four provinces as typhoon Gaemi hits,” CGTN, 27 July 2024)

ECONOMY
Shanghai retail sales dipped by 9.4 per cent, reports SCMP
On 26 July, SCMP reported on the decreasing retail sales in Shanghai. The city Shanghai is the biggest Chinese city; recently it observed a 9.4 per cent slump in sales. The figures are the worst seen in the last two months since the Covid-19 lockdown. This slump shows that domestic consumption remains low in the largest Chinese city. Shanghai Statistics Bureau informed that the retail sales growth has dropped by 13.5 per cent for daily necessities. Food consumption dipped by 1.7 per cent, clothes sales saw a decline of 5 per cent and fuel saw the same trajectory of decline by 4.7 per cent. The city consumption has been sluggish since last year’s boom after the lifting of pandemic restrictions. (“Shanghai’s retail sales sink, revealing weak link in China’s consumption,” SCMP, 26 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Apple’s no more China’s top five smart phone retailer, reports Financial Times
On 26 July, the Financial Times reported that Apple kicked out of the top five smart phone sellers in China. This is the first time Apple was not in the top five lists of sellers as iPhone sales saw a dip over the growing popularity of domestic brands. Chinese smart phone shipment grew by 8.9 per cent but Apple saw a decline in sales to 3.1 per cent, reports the International Data Corporation research group. Currently, rival domestic companies make up for smart phone sales. Xiaomi has entered the top five sales. IDC research director Nabila Popal said: “This year the slump of Apple [in the first half of 2024] goes beyond just seasonality but is directly a result of increased competition from Huawei, the only other major player in the premium segment outside of Apple.” Popal also mentioned that the year on the decline of Apple has improved but the domestic sale of Chinese companies has also increased. (“Apple’s iPhone elbowed out of top 5 in China by domestic smartphone rivals,” Financial Times, 26 July 2024)

INTERNATIONAL
China a broker of global peacekeeping, an editorial in AP News
On 26 July, an editorial in AP News stated that China’s recent diplomatic endeavours have solidified its position as a major broker on the world stage. Beijing brokered a deal between Palestinian factions Hamas and Fatah. Additionally, it hosted Ukraine's Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba, showcasing its growing influence in global affairs. These events follow China’s successful mediation of last year’s Iran-Saudi Arabia rapprochement, demonstrating Beijing’s expanding diplomatic reach. The United States Institute of Peace’s Carla Freeman said: “China is now offering itself as a broker on the global stage, and countries are responding.” The editorial states that while the effectiveness of these initiatives remains to be seen, they represent a significant shift in China’s global role. Shifting from its previous low-profile approach Beijing has pursued “major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics,” under President Xi Jinping’s leadership. China’s involvement in complex geopolitical issues, from the Middle East to Eastern Europe, reflects its ambition to be recognized as a diplomatic force. However, as RAND Corporation’s Derek Grossman observes, China maintains a more cautious approach compared to the US, balancing its desire for influence with reluctance to shoulder global responsibilities. (Huizhong Wu, Didi Tang, “With Palestinian deal and Ukrainian foreign minister’s visit, China shows its rising influence,” AP News, 26 July 2024)

CHINA & TAIWAN
China’s military posturing near Taiwan Strait amplifies cross-strait tensions, an opinion in East Asia Forum
On 27 July an opinion piece in the East Asia Forum noted that Chinese activities in and around the Taiwan Strait threatens escalation. The op-ed cited China’s Eastern Theatre Command executing a large-scale military exercise in May 2024 “Joint Sword-2024A.” This exercise was followed by the release of a simulated video depicting an amphibious assault on Taiwan. This event reignited concerns over escalating cross-strait tensions, highlighting China’s evolving strategy of information warfare and military intimidation. The author stated that the simulation video, targeting Hualien County, serves multiple purposes. Domestically, it appeals to Chinese nationalists, while internationally, it aims to deter foreign engagement with Taiwan. While causing internal divisions within Taiwan, the frequent military activities have paradoxically led to a degree of desensitization among Taiwanese citizens. This contrasts sharply with heightened concerns in Western media, revealing a significant perception gap. In response, the United States has bolstered its support for Taiwan through arms sales, increased military cooperation, and regional presence. Other nations have also emphasized the importance of peace in the Taiwan Strait. As China expands its military activities, including recent coast guard operations near Kinmen Island, the effectiveness of its intimidation strategy remains contingent on concrete actions and strategic decisions. (Tzu-Chieh Hung, “China plays word games and war games with Taiwan,” East Asia Forum, 27 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China and ASEAN strengthen ties at Foreign Ministers meeting in Laos, reports CGTN
On 27 July, the ASEAN-China Foreign Ministers’ meeting in Vientiane marked a significant step in bolstering regional cooperation. Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi emphasised the fruitful nature of the 33-year China-ASEAN dialogue, describing it as “the most dynamic cooperation model in the Asia-Pacific region.” Wang highlighted China’s commitment to supporting ASEAN’s strategic autonomy and championed the idea of a “China-ASEAN community with a shared future.” He outlined several key areas for enhanced collaboration, including upgrading the free trade agreement, advancing regional industrial integration, and expanding local currency settlements. The meeting also focused on the 2024 China-ASEAN Year of People-to-People Exchanges, aiming to strengthen cultural ties. ASEAN representatives expressed appreciation for China’s global initiatives and support for ASEAN centrality. Discussions touched on the South China Sea issue, with parties welcoming progress on the Code of Conduct negotiations. The gathering also addressed broader regional concerns, including efforts towards a mine-free ASEAN. On the sidelines, Wang held bilateral talks with several international counterparts, underscoring China's active engagement in global diplomacy and its commitment to regional stability and development. (“China, ASEAN to further enhance cooperation, exchanges,” CGTN, 27 July 2024)

China and Philippines seek diplomatic resolution amid rising tensions
On 26 July, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and his Philippine counterpart Enrique Manalo met in Vientiane to address the escalating challenges in their countries’ relationship. Wang emphasised the importance of “good neighbourliness, mutual benefit, and common development,” while expressing concern over recent Philippine actions. Wang criticized the Philippines for “repeated violations of bilateral consensus” and warned against the potential deployment of US missiles, stating it would “create regional tensions” and “trigger an arms race.” He stressed the need for the Philippines to fulfill its commitments regarding the Ren’ai Jiao arrangement. Manalo acknowledged the “long-standing history of traditional friendship” between the nations and expressed commitment to easing tensions through dialogue. He highlighted a recent agreement on managing maritime issues, demonstrating mutual goodwill. Both ministers recognised the relationship was at a crossroads. Wang urged for “dialogue and consultation” over “conflict and confrontation,” while Manalo expressed willingness to improve relations as the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties approaches in 2025. (“Chinese FM addresses bilateral challenges in meeting with Manalo,” CGTN, 27 July 2024)

Indonesia navigates US-China tensions in Nickel industry, an editorial in Financial Times
On 27 July, an editorial in Financial Times reported on the Indonesia is adapting its nickel industry strategy to align with US regulations while balancing Chinese investments. The world’s largest nickel supplier Indonesia aims to restructure deals with Chinese firms as minority shareholders to qualify for tax breaks under Biden’s Inflation Reduction Act. This Act excludes EVs with batteries sourced from “foreign entities of concern,” including companies with over 25 per cent Chinese ownership. The Deputy Coordinating Minister Septian Hario Seto said: “It's not just about IRA, but also diversification. We do not want to get trapped in geopolitical tensions.” USD 700 million smelter projects with a Chinese minority stake are underway, involving Indonesian and South Korean partners. However, challenges persist as Chinese companies control 80 to 82 per cent of Indonesia's battery-grade nickel output. US lawmakers have expressed concerns about Chinese presence and environmental impacts. During a recent Jakarta visit the US under-secretary Jose Fernández expressed interest in a critical minerals agreement. Benchmark Mineral Intelligence’s (BMI) Bryan Bille notes the difficulty for Indonesia to qualify for IRA benefits, adding that a US-Indonesia trade agreement is unlikely in the near term due to domestic pushback and the upcoming US election. (A Anantha Lakshmi, “Indonesia moves to reduce Chinese ownership of nickel projects,” Financial Times, 27 July 2024)

Indonesia Chinese missile procurement, a strategic dilemma, an opinion in East Asia Forum
On 24 July, an opinion piece in the East Asia Forum noted that Indonesia’s potential acquisition of YJ-12E coastal defence missiles from China presents a complex strategic challenge. The author stated that while this initiative is aimed at deterring maritime incursions in its Exclusive Economic Zone. This move could backfire on multiple fronts. China had supplied downgraded weapons to Indonesia previously, potentially limiting the missiles’ effectiveness against Chinese naval assets. Moreover, this procurement risks straining Indonesia’s relationships with Western partners, who are increasingly wary of Chinese influence. The acquisition also complicates Indonesia’s military logistics, adding to its diverse arsenal of anti-ship missiles from various countries. The opinion piece stated that experts suggested Indonesia should focus on strengthening non-traditional security cooperation with China. This approach, involving areas like counter-terrorism, intelligence sharing, and cybercrime prevention, poses minimal geopolitical risks while maintaining strategic partnerships. By prioritising non-military collaboration, Indonesia can safeguard its national interests while fostering a balanced approach to international relations, particularly in the complex geopolitical landscape of the South China Sea region. (Alfin Basundoro, “Indonesia must rethink its defence cooperation with China,” East Asia Forum, 24 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 26 July 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 132
CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
China restarts massive Afghan copper mine project after 16-year delay, reported SCMP
On 24 July, after a 16-year hiatus, China resumed work on what's set to become the world’s second-largest copper mine in Afghanistan. The China Metallurgical Group Corporation (MCC) initiated the construction of a 25 km road to the Mes Aynak site in Logar province, marking a significant milestone in the project's revival. Chinese Ambassador Zhao Xing hailed the road construction as “a significant step” in implementing the mine’s plans. The project initially agreed upon in 2007, faced numerous setbacks due to security concerns and disputes with the previous Afghan government. The USD 4.2 billion investment aims to alleviate China's copper shortage and boost Afghanistan’s economy, potentially creating 10,000 jobs and generating USD 1.2 billion annually. The project also raises concerns among archaeologists about preserving ancient Buddhist artifacts at the site. Despite not formally recognizing the Taliban, China has strengthened diplomatic ties by appointing an ambassador to Kabul and hosting Taliban officials in Beijing. (Laura Zhou, "Afghan copper mine holds promise for Taliban, tempered expectations for China," South China Morning Post, 25 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Typhoon Gaemi’s kills 22 in China and North Korea
On 30 July, the remnants of Typhoon Gaemi unleashed devastating floods and mudslides across China and North Korea, claiming at least 22 lives. China’s Hunan province bore the brunt of the disaster, with 15 fatalities reported from a single landslide at a guesthouse. Zixing city in Hunan faced unprecedented rainfall, recording 645 mm in just 24 hours. The deluge damaged nearly 1,000 homes, triggered over 1,300 road collapses, and forced the evacuation of more than 11,000 residents. Simultaneously, a dam breach in another part of the province displaced almost 4,000 people. China’s National Meteorological Centre issued an orange alert for rainstorms across multiple regions, while the Ministry of Finance allocated 238 million yuan for disaster prevention and agricultural aid. The crisis extends beyond China’s borders, with the Yalu River separating China and North Korea, which is experiencing severe flooding. Weather experts attribute this extreme weather to a combination of the southwest monsoon and Typhoon Gaemi's lingering effects. (“At least 22 dead as tail end of Typhoon Gaemi lashes China,” Aljazeera, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China must “prepare for the worst,” says an editorial in SCMP
On 29 July, in an editorial in South China Morning Post titled “Why US right-wing Project 2025 could be bad news for Beijing: ‘China is a threat’,” experts forecast that in the US presidential elections the Republicans may emerge victorious and they may implement the Project 2025. The Project 2025 is a “radical political blueprint” of the right wing government. Their 900-page manifesto is titled Mandate for Leadership: The Conservative Promise. It proposes a “massive reshaping of the federal government” with an objective to dissolve “the Deep State.” Besides this, the blueprint states “How we can take on China.” The editorial quotes director of the China programme at Stimson Centre, Yin Sun saying that China to the US “is a threat, not a competitor.” She added that if Former US president Donald Trump were to come back to power, the “US policy on China will be tougher” and the latter must understand “that things will become worse.” Professor at Nanjing University, Zhu Feng believes that China will have to “be well prepared.” The 2024 Republic platform is supposedly “one of Project 2025’s four pillars.” It consists of a list of the personnel who will serve under the Trump administration, training programmes for said personnel and measures that will be put to action within 180 days of joining office. The forward of this book deems China a “totalitarian” adversary of the US and is neither a “strategic partner nor fair competitor.” The book suggests steps by which the US will curb Chinese influence by for instance, banning TikTok, countering the Belt and Road Initiative, providing military assistance to Taiwan and so on. The former editor in chief of Global Times, Hu Fijian deems the tone of Project 2025 “shockingly malicious.” In his opinion, the Americans are not ready to bear the repercussions arising from terminating ties with China. He concluded that the projects will become the US’ declaration of war against China. (“Why US right-wing Project 2025 could be bad news for Beijing: ‘China is a threat',” South China Morning Post, 30 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Russia and China conduct unprecedented joint air patrol near Alaska
On 24 July, Russia and China conducted their first joint bomber patrol over the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, near Alaska’s coast. The operation involved Russian TU-95MS strategic missile carriers and Chinese Xian H-6 strategic bombers. While both nations asserted the patrol was “not aimed at any third party,” it drew attention from US officials. North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) intercepted the bombers but noted they remained in international airspace and posed no threat. However, Alaska Senator Lisa Murkowski described it as an “unprecedented provocation by our adversaries.” This event underscores the growing military alignment between Moscow and Beijing, particularly since Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022. NATO countries have accused China of enabling Russia’s war efforts, urging it to cease support. However, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov countered, stating that Russian-Chinese cooperation in the Arctic would contribute to “stability and predictability” in the region. (Laura Gozzi, “China and Russia stage first joint bomber patrol near Alaska,” BBC, 26 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Chinese President Chairs Standing Committee on Disaster Relief Work
On 25 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping chaired a meeting with the standing committee of the CPC political bureau to discuss and arrange for flood control and relief. With the onset of typhoons and the month of flooding and heavy rains, China has reached a critical stage of damage control and flood mitigation. It is expected that there will be significant flooding of major rivers, including the Yangtze River and Yellow River. July to August is the peak season for heavy rainfall and poses a threat to the communities living along the river and coastlines. It is reckoned that all seven major river basins will experience flooding and that the typhoon will reach the inland region. The Chinese Metrological Centre has issued a red alert over Typhoon Gaemi. The meeting called for minimizing causalities and called for a prompt relocation of those in danger. It also iterated that disaster relief funds should be promptly allocated and that appropriate measures should be taken to ensure that medical services are provided. It is estimated that over 628,600 people in Fujian province were affected by the Typhoon. (“President Xi Jinping chairs meeting on flood control, relief work,” CGTN, 25 July 2024)

MARITIME
Beijing in the South China Sea: “America should call China’s bluff,” an opinion in The New York Times
On 25 July, an opinion in The New York Times by Oriana Skylar Mastro looked into how China doesn’t need to get into direct conflict in the South China Sea as it is making do without firing any shots. The op-ed stated that in the past 15 years, China has expanded its influence in the South China Sea (SCS) significantly. It noted that China has laid its claims in all major waterways in the SCS that are vital for shipping and rich in energy and resources. China has done all of this by using non-military assets such as their Chinese Coast Guards. These coast guards have essentially bullied their neighbors and even aided in building Chinese military bases. The author blames the US for not taking stringent measures and its hesitance to use the military. This has only emboldened China to further bully the others in the region. Therefore the US must confront China. The op-ed then mentioned the various ways China has increased its aggressive posture in the SCS in the past month. The author then states that China has been careful in not using its military assets in the region and it is unlikely that it would risk war with the US in the SCS. The main reason for this is that it doesn’t need to. Bullying and nonmilitary assets' aggressive posture has worked in the SCS. The suggestion the op-ed provided is that America should call China’s bluff and tout its military by aiding its allies in the SCS. This means escorting the Philippines' resupply ship and even conducting supply missions for other allies. The op-ed ends with: “The United States can re-establish a favorable balance of power, but it must act now.” (“Beijing Can Take the South China Sea Without Firing a Shot,” The New York Times, 25 July 2024)

ECONOMY
Luxury brands sale in China sees a dip, an editorial in BBC
On 25 July, an editorial in the BBC reported how the economic slowdown in China is affecting luxury brands' sales. LVMH a luxury goods company informed that their sales in Asia including China fell by 14 per cent in the last three months. The firm and other luxury goods companies are seeing a slump in sales in China. It is reckoned that Chinese shoppers are cutting back on buying expensive goods, additionally; the government is censoring social media accounts that showcase their wealth and luxury goods. Another brand called Burberry said their sales in China have fallen by 20 per cent, Swatch Group reported that their sales went down by 14.4 per cent. The editorial points that the economic slump and Chinese government crackdown against showcasing flamboyant goods has led to this dip. (“Luxury brands suffer as Chinese shoppers hold back,” BBC, 25 July 2024)

INTERNATIONAL
Chinese manufacturers dominate the Paris Olympics, an editorial in SCMP
On 26 July, an editorial in the SCMP looked into the dominance of Chinese-made goods and manufacturing in the Paris Olympics 2024. The piece noted that while the cuisine will be French in the Olympics the mass-produced products will be from China including all cutting-edge technology and souvenirs. This has happened regardless of the US push to divert the supply chain away from China. Yan Zaixing of Sonic Composite Technology is the only manufacturer selected to sell windsurfing equipment. He stated that there are no comparable competitors when it comes to speed and quality of production. Yan added: “We are the only company in the world that covers the whole industrial chain to produce high-performance hydrofoil equipment.” He also expressed that China does not need any world event to promote its goods but need just need to focus on the quality of their production. (“At Paris Olympics, Chinese manufacturers won big before the Games even started,” SCMP, 26 July 2024)

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Chinese scientist develops material to extract uranium from the ocean, reports SCMP
On 25 July, SCMP reported in a Chinese research group announcing their ability to extract uranium efficiently. This development would aid their nuclear energy ambition as Uranium is the primary heavy metal used in nuclear reactors. Qingdao Institute of Bio energy and Bioprocess Technology (QIBEBT) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences informed that they were able to develop a “cost-effective” method to extract and have found a material that has exceptional uranium absorption capabilities. The material works by allowing dissolved solids, gas, or liquid to appear on the surface. The material is made by combining sodium alginate and has functional strands of DNA used to bind uranium ions. The findings were published in a peer-reviewed Chemical Engineering Journal. Uranium has been a vital component in nuclear power generation. Traditionally uranium is mined from rocks and is non-renewable energy. Due to this limitation, scientists around the world have been looking for an alternative source in the ocean. The Nuclear Energy Agency reckons that there are about 4.5 billion tonnes of uranium in the world’s oceans, while the extraction of the same is considered extremely challenging. Therefore China-led findings become crucial in the development of nuclear energy sources. (“‘Significant potential’: China uses organic ‘detector’ to extract ocean uranium for energy,” SCMP, 25 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
China and India agree to maintain peace and tranquility in the region, reports Global Times
On 25 July, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with his Indian counterpart Subrahmanyam Jaishankar in Vientiane, Laos. Both high-level delegates agreed to maintain peace and tranquility in the border areas and promote peace. Wang Yi said: “Both sides should take on their responsibility to history, their peoples, and the world, with wisdom that transcends conflicts, differences, and frictions, and promote the improvement and sustainable development of China-India relations.” He emphasized that getting China-India relations back on track is in the interest of both. Jaishankar said: “India is willing to find ways to resolve differences with a historical perspective, strategic thinking, and an open attitude, and to promote bilateral relations back to a positive and constructive track.” (“Chinese, Indian FMs meet in Laos, agree to promote progress in border affairs consultations,” Global Times, 26 July 2024)

CHINA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
Wang Yi visits Laos for ASEAN meeting reports Global Times
On 25 July, an editorial in Global Times reported on Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s arrival in Vientiane for the ASEAN meeting. The meeting highlighted a delicate balance between regional cooperation and tensions in the South China Sea region. The author noted that while the Philippines hopes to use the events to endorse its stance; analysts believe otherwise. ASEAN members recognize the complexity of the issue and prioritize development and prosperity, says Global Times. The theme of the meeting was: “ASEAN: Enhancing Connectivity and Resilience,” it aimed to address various challenges, including economic difficulties, climate change, and security issues. Key topics included infrastructure development, economic growth, and negotiations on the China-ASEAN Free Trade Agreement version 3.0. Despite ongoing frictions between China and the Philippines, experts expect ASEAN to maintain its position that South China Sea disputes should be addressed directly by involved countries. The bloc is likely to resist external intervention, with Indonesian warnings against using Southeast Asia as a “proxy” for major power rivalries. Global Times mentions that the analysts suggest that ASEAN members are increasingly aware of the potential consequences of excluding China from the regional landscape and are cautious about aligning too closely with US interests in the region. (Zhang Han, “Chinese FM arrives in Laos with cooperation in mind,” Global Times, 25 July 2024)

The Sierra Madre the rusting symbol of Philippine sovereignty in the SCS, says Philippines Retd Vice Admiral
On 26 July, an interview in The Guardian with retired Vice Admiral Eduardo Santos of the Philippines revealed a calculated move to assert the Philippine’s sovereignty in the disputed South China Sea through the strategic grounding of the BRP Sierra Madre on the Second Thomas Shoal in 1999. The then chief of Navy Santos, orchestrated the covert operation to prevent Chinese expansion within the Philippines’ exclusive economic zone. The World War II-era vessel Sierra Madre was repurposed as a makeshift military outpost, initially providing comfortable living conditions for rotating troops. However, after 25 years of exposure to harsh elements, the ship now teeters on the brink of collapse. China has repeatedly demanded its removal and obstructed resupply missions, leading to numerous maritime confrontations. Santos emphasized the importance of legal avenues in addressing territorial disputes and said: “We cannot fight them by force of arms.” He supported the government’s efforts to publicise Chinese aggression and strengthen international alliances which reflected a broader strategy to defend Philippine interests in the region. (Rebecca Ratcliffe, “I did it as quietly as I could: the navy chief who wrecked his ship to scupper China’s ambitions,” The Guardian, 26 July 2024)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
Chinese students accused of drone surveillance on US carrier in South Korea
On 24 July, Korea JoongAng Daily reported that three Chinese students are under investigation in South Korea for allegedly using a drone to photograph a US aircraft carrier without authorization. The incident occurred near Busan's Naval Operations Command, where the USS Theodore Roosevelt was docked. The nuclear-powered carrier is part of Carrier Strike Group 9. It arrived on 22 June with two destroyers for joint exercises involving South Korea, the US, and Japan. The suspects, aged between 30 and 49, claim their actions were driven by curiosity. However, they potentially face severe consequences under South Korean law, including up to three years in prison or a substantial fine. The drone reportedly captured over five minutes of footage of the carrier and base. (Amber Wang, “South Korea accuses Chinese students of taking illegal drone video of US aircraft carrier,” South China Morning Post, 25 July 2024)

China and Russia reaffirm strategic partnership in the Asia-Pacific
On 25 July, during a meeting in Vientiane, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and his Russian counterpart Sergey Lavrov emphasized the strength of their nations’ relationship and their commitment to regional cooperation. Wang highlighted the “mature, stable, resilient and independent” nature of China-Russia ties, stressing their readiness to support each other’s core interests despite international challenges. Both ministers expressed their dedication to maintaining ASEAN’s central role in regional architecture and opposed external interference. Lavrov commended China’s recent diplomatic success in facilitating Palestinian unity talks and pledged Russia's support for Middle East peace efforts. (“China, Russia can communicate, cooperate in East Asia: Chinese FM,” CGTN, 25 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 25 July 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 131
CHINA & EUROPE
China to deepen energy ties with Russia
On 23 July, China will “solidly advance cooperation in energy trade and investment” said the Vice Premier of the People’s Republic of China, Ding Xuexiang, at the Sixth China-Russia Energy Business Forum, held in Moscow. According to China’s State Council, on 24 July, Ding recommended the launch of “large scale” energy projects, collaborating on hydrogen power and having “integrated cooperation” in the “upstream” and “downstream” of the energy supply chain. He added that using “multilateral platforms” would foster a “fair, balanced and inclusive” international system to govern energy. Additionally, in a letter to the energy forum, President Xi Jinping promises that “China stands ready to work with Russia” and “safeguard the steadiness and resilience of the energy industrial chain and supply chain.” This will push the creation of a “robust, green and healthy” “global energy industry.” In the backdrop, the US has warned of imposing more sanctions on China if it continues to engage with Russia. However, Political-Science Professor, Zhu Zhiqun is of the opinion that Xi’s statement at the forum “is a clear indication that China-Russia energy cooperation will expand and deepen, regardless of what the United States will do.”(Ralph Jennings, “China aims to step up Russian energy cooperation despite US sanctions calls,” South China Morning Post, 25 July 2024)

CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
China brokers Palestinian factions unification with “National reconciliation government,” reports BBC
On 23 July, BBC reported on the formation of an interim “National reconciliation government” concerning the seizure of the West Bank and Gaza through the signing of a declaration by Hamas and Fatah brokered by the Chinese. Officials and twelve Palestinian groups have promised to work in harmony after the talks held in Beijing. The Spokesperson of Hamas, Hossam Badran said the declaration was a positive step in achieving Palestinian national unity, the report also added that there was no confirmation from the Fatah on the declaration. In addition, the Israelis promptly dismissed the Beijing declaration. The Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi defined a three-step plan to address the war inclusive two-state solution and UN membership. Chinese ongoing support to Palestinians throws light on history when “Mao Zedong” sent weapons to Palestine for “National Liberation” movements. (“China seeks to unite Palestinian factions with reconciliation deal,” BBC 24 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China plans to hike the retirement age owing to an aging population, reports BBC
On 22 July, BBC reported that China plans to gradually increase the statutory retirement age in the next five years. The measure was proposed by the Third 20thCPC plenary meeting, aiming to address the ageing population issue in China. The life expectancy of Chinese people has risen to 78 years, marking a huge difference from 36 years in 1949. The Chinese retirement age is one of the lowest in the world with 60 years for men and 55 years for women in white-collar jobs. The resolution said: “In line with the principle of voluntary participation with appropriate flexibility, we will advance reform to gradually raise the statutory retirement age in a prudent and orderly manner.” The resolution did not specify how they will raise the retirement age and by when, but the Chinese Pension Development report stated that 65 might be the retirement ceiling. In 2019, the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences reported that the government will run out of pension funds by 2035 and with that Chinese population has been on a decline as the birth rate continues to be low. Some people have criticized this initiative stating that some would like to retire early owing to their laborious jobs while some with comfortable jobs would welcome this change. They also noted that delayed retirement also means delayed access to their pensions and that there is no guarantee that they would have their jobs before the retirement age comes. (“China to raise the retirement age as the population gets older,” BBC, 22 July 2024)

Typhoon Gaemi makes its way to China
On 24 July, Typhoon Gaemi moved towards Mainland China, this comes after the storms wreaked havoc in Taiwan with heavy rains and winds. The typhoon submerged roads and suspended several flights in Taiwan. Joint Typhoon Warning Centre of the US Navy informed that the cyclone is a category three hurricane. It is expected that the typhoon will fall into the Chinese province of Fujian. In light of the possible calamity, Fujian has banned public gatherings, schools are shut and so are the tourist attractions. Other coastal regions are evacuating tourists and the ships are informed to take shelter. In Taiwan, the typhoon has killed six people and more than 600,000 Taiwanese people have experienced power outages. China has already been facing natural calamity with deadly floods and heavy rains. (“Typhoon Gaemi Heads for China’s Coast After Pummeling Taiwan,” NYT, 25 July 2024)

Xiamen Airlines to further Taiwan-China cross-strait exchanges, says Xi Jinping
On 24 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping urged Xiamen Airlines to play an active role in furthering their economic and social development. He also asked them to advance their exchanges and relations with the Taiwan Strait. Xi made the statement to the staff members of the airline while they were celebrating their 40th founding anniversary. The Xiamen region is strategic as it is a coastal city on the western side of the Taiwan Strait. Xi was the vice mayor of the region and during his tenure, he helped the airlines to solve a number of problems. Xi also expressed how pleased he was with the growth of the airlines and asked the staff to stay committed to the reform and innovation. Xiamen Airlines was established in 1984 and was the first one to operate under a modern corporate system. (“Xi instructs Xiamen Airlines to play an active role in cross-Strait exchanges,” Xinhua, 24 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
“AI models infused with specific values will likely hurt China,” says an opinion in Bloomberg
On 23 July, an opinion in Bloomberg titled: “What's Wrong About ‘Chat XiPT’ Is Bigger Than China,” looked into the problem with the Chinese AI advancement method and how that would be a roadblock for China. The op-ed stated that China's push for AI and chatbots with socialist values is hindering its growth when competing with the US. China must understand that chatbots cannot have political beliefs the same way they cannot be expected to make human decisions. The author points out the recent political test Chinese firms are facing from the government, this just makes it harder for the tech firms to innovate freely and impedes innovation. The op-ed said: “The difficulty of creating AI models infused with specific values will likely hurt China’s efforts to create chatbots as sophisticated as those in the US in the short term.” China’s AI ambition is already under severe threat as the US goes for an all-out effort to advance the technology. While the Chinese home-grown AI is focused on developing technology that does not go against the Communist Party’s ideology and leader. The authors also point out that Chinese AI is already at a disadvantage as there are more English texts online for AI to learn from than Chinese. The censoring nature of Chinese AI with firms working on building spate layers to control the AI output would hinder growth. (“What's Wrong About ‘Chat XiPT’ Is Bigger Than China,” Bloomberg, 24 July 2024)

OUTER SPACE
Chinese scientist discover water molecules in lunar soil, reports CAS
On 23 July, SCMP reported that Chinese scientists have found water molecules in the lunar soil collected from the moon. This development stands contrary to American Apollo’s finding where a decade ago they revealed that there is no sign of water. The Chang’e-5 mission of 2020 brought this lunar soil and they found hydrated minerals with molecular water in the soil, reports the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). The research was published in a peer-reviewed journal Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and the Institute of Physics of CAS. Skepticism is also expressed, when one scientist said: “If this water-bearing mineral is present in the lunar samples, more than one piece should be found.” (“Chinese team finds a first trace of lunar water, a big step towards understanding the moon,” SCMP, 23 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
China holds 5th South Asia Corporation forum in Nepal, excluded India, an editorial in Firstpost
On 24 July, an editorial titled “China holds South Asia meet minus India, Nepal foreign secretary to address keynote” in Firstpost, details the exclusion of India from China’s South Asia outreach program, known as, the 5th China-South Asia Cooperation Forum (CSAF). It is currently being hosted in Kunming, Yunnan, China. The meeting is set to start on 23 July and conclude on 28 July. The editorial states that despite the exclusion of India, Nepal’s “pro-China” leader KP Sharma Oli was invited to the forum. His foreign secretary Sewa Lamsal was set “to deliver a keynote address” on 24 July. According to the editorial, Lamsal’s presence at the forum is reflective of Nepal’s domestic politics, that is, “depending on who is in power in Nepal, its foreign policy takes a pro-China or pro-India” stance.” While the CSAF is China’s tool to deepen its “penetration in Nepal” via “increased connectivity and infrastructure projects” and fulfill its “strategic ambitions in South Asia”, observers believe that “these measures largely aimed at curbing India’s traditional influence in the region.” The editorial further outlines that the non-inclusion of India in the forum not only aligns with China’s “‘One Belt, One Road’ (OBOR) and the establishment of economic corridors” infiltrating into the Indian territory, but also poses a challenge to India’s “Neighbourhood First Policy.” India’s difficulty arises in “balancing its strategic interests with China’s expanding influence in South Asia and the Indian Ocean Region.” Over the last decade, China’s engagement with the South Asian region is seen through an annual growth of 8.3 per cent. In monetary terms USD 197.4 billion. This compliments China’s “regional strategy” of initiatives such as the “China-Indian Ocean Region Forum.” Compared to India’s role of extending funds, “capacity building, and cultural diplomacy”, China sanctions loans and supports “infrastructure development” for countries in the region. The editorial indicates that critics see China’s initiative as a situation that may lead to “debt dependency among recipient countries”, for instance, citing “financial difficulties”, the Sri Lankan government handed over its Hambantota port to China “on a long-term lease.” ( “China holds South Asia meet minus India, Nepal foreign secretary to address keynote,” Firstpost, 24 July 2024)

CHINA & MIDDLE EAST
China brokers Palestinian factions unification with “National reconciliation government,” reports BBC
On 23 July, BBC reported on the formation of an interim “National reconciliation government” concerning the seizure of the West Bank and Gaza through the signing of a declaration by Hamas and Fatah brokered by the Chinese. Officials and twelve Palestinian groups have promised to work in harmony after the talks held in Beijing. The Spokesperson of Hamas, Hossam Badran said the declaration was a positive step in achieving Palestinian national unity, the report also added that there was no confirmation from the Fatah on the declaration. In addition, the Israelis promptly dismissed the Beijing declaration. The Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi defined a three-step plan to address the war inclusive two-state solution and UN membership. Chinese ongoing support to Palestinians throws light on history when “Mao Zedong” sent weapons to Palestine for “National Liberation” movements. (“China seeks to unite Palestinian factions with reconciliation deal,” BBC 24 July 2024)

World leaders welcome the Beijing Declaration for Palestinian faction unifications, reports CGTN
On 24 July, CGTN Chinese flagship media outlet reported on the signing of the declaration by fourteen Palestinian groups in Beijing and praised the Chinese interest in peace-making. The United Nations Spokesperson said that the Secretary-General of the UN welcomed the Beijing declaration by advising all groups to overcome individual differences and to work on the declaration The Prime Minister of Malaysia said the unification of the Palestinian group is an important attempt concerning the moralities of the affected people. Cairo-based Executive Director Abdel Mohdy Motawe and advisor Abu Bakr Al-Deeb voiced that strengthening national harmony must be done within the context of the PLO leading to the end of divisions and all fourteen groups must be well-adjusted. advisor Abu Bakr Al-Deeb also added that the declaration signifies an “overwhelming success of China’s Diplomacy” Furthermore an academician from Istanbul-based Marmara University said this declaration would focus on China’s competence and impact in the Middle East. (“World leaders welcome Beijing Declaration by Palestinian factions, laud China's role,” CGTN, 24 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Ukraine tells China it is open to talks with Russia, informs Ukrainian Foreign Minister
On 24 July, Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said Kyiv is interested in having talks with Beijing after “deep and concentrated” talks in China regarding the ongoing war with Russia paralleled with no compromise in Ukraine’s sovereignty and integrity. Kuleba said: “no agreement could be reached without its participation” also added no readiness by the Russians for negotiation. Kuleba travelled to China after the 2022 invasion for talks with China’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Wang Yi and highlighted two principles that must be persistent, i.e. no agreements about Ukraine without Ukraine and full respect for Ukraine's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Ukraine’s Minister added no temporary solutions are required for the disengagement of the ongoing conflict. Furthermore, President Putin said the war would come to a halt only if NATO ambitions were dropped by Ukrainians and the handing over of four partially occupied Ukrainian provinces back, eventually rejected by Kyiv as a ridiculous demand. (“Ukraine tells China it is open to talks if Moscow acts in good faith,” Reuters 24 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
US and Canada intercept Russian and Chinese bombers
On 24 July, the joint US-Canadian North American Aerospace Defence Command (NORAD) said It had “detected and tracked" two Chinese H-6 and two Russian TU-95 military aircraft near Alaska, in the international airspace. The zone in which these planes were intercepted lies beyond the national airspace. NORAD added, the fighter jets of US and Canadian origin “conducted the intercept” and since the said bombers “did not enter the American or Canadian sovereign airspace”, their activity “is not seen as a threat.(Arab News, “US, Canada jets intercept China, Russia planes near Alaska”, 25 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 23 July 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 130
CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Kunming 8th China-South Asia Expo
On 23 July, China held its 8th China-South Asia Expo in Kunming. The event was organized by the Chinese Ministry of Commerce and the Yunnan province government. The expo is the main event for economic and trade exchanges between China and other South Asian countries. The expo attracts over 2000 exhibitors where half of them are from South and Southeast Asia. The six-day event features 15 exhibition halls that have themes like manufacturing, green technology and energy, modern agriculture, and architectural technology. Since the inception of the expo, it has served over 18000 domestic and foreign firms. It has promoted trade for over USD 100 billion and helped the signing of over 3000 projects. The event is the single most important economic and trade exchange between China and other South Asia and Southeast Asian countries. (“China-South Asia Expo opens, boosting regional cooperation,” Xinhua, 22 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China- Latin America strategic cooperation, an editorial in Xinhua
On 22 July, an editorial in Xinhua on China-Brazil relations and the Brazil-China Parliamentary Front of the Brazilian National Congress developed by Chinese President Xi Jinping to further the China-Latin America community. The President of the Brazil-China Parliamentary Front Fausto Pinato expressed that China’s proposal to build the community with a shared future showcases an important commitment to the Latin American region. He said: “The partnership between China and Latin America is a clear example of how international cooperation can generate important benefits for all parties involved.” Xi ten years ago said that their shared dream has brought the two together and that China always regarded Latin America as an important partner in consolidating unity among developing countries. In 2023, Xi interacted with the heads of Brazil, Venezuela, Argentina, Chile, and Peru amongst others. (“Xiplomacy: Far apart, close in heart -- China-LatAmerica cooperation embarks on a new voyage,” Xinhua, 22 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Chinese scientists produce ultra-thin semiconductor material, reports SCMP
On 23 July, an editorial SCMP reported that a Chinese team of scientists were successfully able to create ultra-thin semiconductor material. It is reckoned that this material could be used for faster and energy efficient creation of microchips. The team was led by Peking University’s Liu Kaihu, Renmin University’s Liu Can, and the Institute of Physics at the Chinese Academy of Sciences Zhang Guangyu produced a 0.7 nanometres semiconductor material through a fabrication method. The scientists used transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as an alternative to silicon, which consumes less power and has better electron transport properties, ideal for the ultra-scaled down transistors- the feature of coming generations’ electronic and photonic chips. They used the “grow at interface” method for each crystal layer to prevent the accumulation of defects and improve structural controllability. Liu stated: “These 2D crystals, when used as materials for transistors in integrated circuits, can significantly enhance chip integration. On a chip the size of a fingernail, the density of transistors can be substantially increased, thus boosting computing power.” (Zhanh Tong, “Could this way of making ultra-thin semiconductors lead to faster microchips?” South China Morning Post, 23 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China on “Silver economy,” plenary session vows to develop elderly care
On 22 July, CGTN reported on the Third 20th CPC Central Committee outlining measures to respond to the aging population issue in China. The committee affirmed that they would refine policies to push elderly development programs and care programs further. The resolution after the meeting said: “We will develop the silver economy and support the creation of diverse jobs tailored to elderly people.” It also suggested that they would encourage and raise the statutory retirement age but would make it voluntary and would provide flexibility. China also added the silver economy as part of its economic activities. The resolution also proposed the development of community-based facilities for elderly care and improving the operation of public institutions. The resolution also said: “We will also see to it that better services are provided for elderly people with special difficulties including those who live alone, have disabilities, or suffer from physical impairment, and accelerate the introduction of insurance schemes for long-term care.” (“China vows to develop silver economy as population ages,” CGTN, 22 July 2024)

Plenary session resolution to promote quality employment
On 22 July, CGTN reported on the Third 20th CPC meeting outlining the agenda to promote “high-quality and full employment.” The resolution stated that they would provide a sound mechanism to promote employment as they aim to deepen reform and advance modernization. The resolution stated that they would resolve employment-related public services and tackle the issue of structural unemployment. They also proposed the improvement of employment support for college students, rural migrants, and ex-service members. The resolution said: “We will coordinate urban and rural employment policies, simultaneously advance service reforms related to household registration, human resources, and personnel records, improve the policy environment to boost employment by encouraging business startups, and support and regulate the development of new forms of employment.” (“China vows to develop 'sound mechanisms' to boost quality employment,” CGTN, 22 July 2024)

ECONOMY
Chinese Xizang region's foreign trade increased by 132.4 per cent in H1 2024
On 22 July, Chinese Lhasa Customs reported that the foreign trade in the Southwest Xizang Autonomous region increased by 132.4 per cent. This happened in the first half of 2024, and the local authorities also informed us that the total import and export value also increased by USD 522.7 million. This growth is touted to come first nationwide in terms of foreign trade expansion. For Xizang the total exports grew by 122.9 per cent and the imports increased by 202 per cent. The foreign trade partners increased exponentially in sectors of mechanical and electrical goods. It is reckoned that over 90 per cent of the region's foreign trade was by private firms, contributing to 3.72 billion yuan on a year-on-year basis. (“China's Xizang sees robust foreign trade growth in H1,” CGTN, 22 July 2024)

China created 6.89 million jobs, reports Chinese Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security
On 23 July, the Chinese Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security reported that China created 6.89 million new urban jobs in the first half of 2024. The country took a survey in June when the urban unemployment rate stood at five per cent and the employment rate remained the same. The Chinese government has proposed an annual target of creating 12 million new urban jobs and also plans to survey urban joblessness which is currently at 5.5 per cent. Unemployment is a major issue in China, with Chinese youth struggling to find jobs after graduating. The current economic climate has added to the bane of their problems. (“China adds 6.98 million new urban jobs in H1,” Xinhua, 22 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China and the Philippines disagree on resupply agreement to the Second Thomas Shoal, reports SCMP
On 23 July, SCMP reported on the deal struck between China and the Philippines over the resupply agreement for the Second Thomas Shoal. Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Mao Ning said: “We hope that the Philippine side will honor its commitments, work with the Chinese side, and jointly manage the situation at sea.” While the Philippines side did not mention any condition the Chinese side said that they only assented to the deal on the condition that the Sierra Madre be towed away, that there be a prior notification for on-sight verification, and that no construction materials are sent to the area. They iterated that if the Philippines plan to send large construction materials to the region to build fixed facilities they will not accept the deal. Philippines Department of Foreign Affairs spokesperson refuted the claims made by the Chinese Foreign Ministry’s spokesperson Mao Ning as “Inaccurate.” The disagreement has brought the issue to a stalemate again with both sides backtracing on the recently agreed deal. (“Deal or no deal? China and Philippines at odds over Second Thomas Shoal resupply agreement,” SCMP, 23 July 2024)

“The Philippines cannot yield. The Philippines cannot waver,” says the Philippines President
On 22 July, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr stated in the annual State of the national address to the Congress that the Philippines will stand its ground against China on the challenges to its territorial sovereignty in the South China Sea. The South China Sea, which is known as the West Philippine Sea in Manila is claimed by China, which also includes the Second Thomas Shoal, the disputed territory between the Philippines and China. Marcos stated: “The Philippines will continue to find ways to de-escalate tensions in contested areas … without compromising our position and our principles,” and “by asserting our rights and interests in the same fair and pacific way that we have always done.” The statements were made in light of the recent deal struck between China and the Philippines over the resupply mission. (“Marcos says Philippines ‘cannot yield’ in South China Sea dispute,” Al Jazeera, 22 July 2024)

Philippine President bans Chinese-run online gaming operation
On 22 July, Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr imposed a ban on the Chinese-run online gaming operations acquitted with illegal activities. The Chinese gaming firms are accused of financial scams, human trafficking, torture, kidnappings, and murder. He also announced the strengthening of defence capabilities through security alliances with friendly countries for countering threats in the South China Sea. Marcos said: “Disguising as legitimate entities, their operations have ventured into illicit areas furthest from gaming such as financial scamming, money laundering, prostitution, human trafficking, kidnapping, brutal torture, even murder,” and “The grave abuse and disrespect to our system of laws must stop.” He further advocated for alternative jobs for Filipino workers due to the shutdown of the gaming agencies. (Jim Gomez, “Philippine president orders shutdown of Chinese-run online gambling industry employing thousands,” AP News, 23 July 2024)

China to “support capable private enterprises,” CPC proposes at the third plenum
On 22 July, China vowed to provide the private sector with better resources to achieve technological breakthroughs. The Communique by the Communist Party’s 20th Central Committee said: “[It is necessary] to support capable private enterprises to take the lead in undertaking major national technological research tasks, and further open up major national scientific research infrastructure to private firms.” The principal economist for China at the Economic Intelligence Unit Su Yue said: “It seems to focus on how to unite private enterprises to shoulder national strategic tasks.” The third plenum displayed support for the formulation of a law to promote the private sector and economy. While the central government aims to stabilize the private sector, it also wants to maintain its national security as the foremost priority. (Ji Siqi, “China’s third plenum vows to support ‘capable’ private sector to lead tech innovation,” South China Morning Post, 22 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
US delegation from the US-China Business Council visit Beijing
On 23 July, SCMP reported that the delegation from the US-China Business Council visited Beijing after the Third 20th CPC Plenary meeting. They met the Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi and Chinese Vice-Premier He Lifeng. The US delegation was headed by the FedEx Corporation CEO Raj Subramaniam who is the council board chair. Wang Yi expressed that the lobby would encourage US firms to play a “strong role” in the world’s second-largest economy. The Vice Premier expressed that they hoped the American firms would seize this opportunity offered to them and lead to win-win cooperation and development. Wang Yi stated that the group came at the right time as they could feel the new vibe of reform after the plenary meeting. Wang Yi said: “A pleasant environment for the US and China will let everybody benefit, but an unpleasant environment between both countries will naturally lead to the suppression of cooperation and exchange.” Subramaniam expressed that the US business groups would continue to explore the Chinese market with confidence and that they hope the US-China Business Council will make more contributions. (“China hopes US firms can ‘play a strong role’ after top executives visit Beijing,” SCMP, 23 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 22 July 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 129
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China’s tech self-reliance saved them from Microsoft outage, an editorial in Global Times
On 22 July, an editorial in Global Times looked into the Microsoft outage and how it did not affect China. The “blue screen of death” hit millions of users of Microsoft worldwide affecting banks, airlines, hospitals, and hotels. China was the only country barely affected by technological outages owing to its self-sufficient system. The Microsoft outage was caused by third-party software that left several computers inoperable. This incident has caused global concerns regarding tech independence. The software update Windows used is by a company called CrowdStrike, and since that cloud computing system was not sold in China, it remained unaffected. Global Times said: “The majority of Chinese enterprises, especially state-owned companies as well as large private firms were largely unaffected," Wang Liejun, a security expert from QI-ANXIN Technology Group Inc.” This was thanks to China’s early substitution plan for domestic software. National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Xiao Xinguang said: “Chinese users can choose their security products. This highlights to domestic entities, from government to individual users, the significant importance of China's self-reliance and strength in the cybersecurity industry and technology.” (“Tech self-reliance helps shield China from Windows outage,” Global Times, 21 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China and the Philippines struck a deal to replenish supplies at the Second Thomas Shoal
On 21 July, China and the Philippines hashed out a deal to defuse their conflict and tensions in the South China Sea as they reached a middle ground. The deal was struck between diplomats that laid down terms for how to provide supplies to Filipino troops at the Second Thomas Shoal. Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs said: “Both sides continue to recognize the need to de-escalate the situation in the South China Sea and manage differences through dialogue and consultation.” The Shoal has been at the hot spot for contention between the two countries which in recent months has escalated to violent conflict between coast guards and fishermen. (“Philippines says reached deal with China to avoid disputed shoal clashes,” Aljazeera, 21 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China and the Philippines struck a deal to replenish supplies at the Second Thomas Shoal
On 21 July, China and the Philippines hashed out a deal to defuse their conflict and tensions in the South China Sea as they reached a middle ground. The deal was struck between diplomats that laid down terms for how to provide supplies to Filipino troops at the Second Thomas Shoal. Philippine Department of Foreign Affairs said: “Both sides continue to recognize the need to de-escalate the situation in the South China Sea and manage differences through dialogue and consultation.” The Shoal has been at the hot spot for contention between the two countries which in recent months has escalated to violent conflict between coast guards and fishermen. (“Philippines says reached deal with China to avoid disputed shoal clashes,” Aljazeera, 21 July 2024)

INTERNAL
The next 10 years: On China, Taiwan, and the US, an exclusive on SCMP
On 22 July, SCMP issued an exclusive by the dean of the Institute of International Relations at Tsinghua University, Yan Xuetong. He is known for his predictions on International Relations. In this exclusive he elaborated on the US and Taiwan and what it means for China. He was questioned whether Trump’s election would mean a further challenge to the “One China” policy. Yan replied that it is unlikely that they will go any further than Joe Biden on the Taiwan issue. Rather Trump less likely to interfere stating that the Biden administration was more inclined to Taiwan while Trump has time and again iterated that he has no plans to go to war for other countries. During the presidential meeting in San Francisco, he believed that the meeting deescalated the possibility of conflict and resolved the main core issue between the two countries for the time being, as the two sides agreed to engage in exchanges. He was then asked if the continued exchanges would disrupt the current flow of exchange. To which Yan responded that US-China relations would be greatly impacted by who wins the elections. If it’s Joe Biden the current bilateral relations would continue but if Trump wins there is the possibility of growing confrontation, on the EU-China trade dispute and the recent investigation into energy subsidies. Yan said that the trade dispute will not resolve on its own and that they need to stop the tit-for-tat retaliation against each other. In the next 10 years of US-China relations, he made certain predictions. Yan believes that China and the US would widen the gap in economic development compared to other countries. If US GDP grows by 1 per cent China must grow it by at least 7 per cent. The technology gap between the two countries may widen as well and on defense spending the US would continue to invest majorly in it while China will continue on the same trajectory it has. (Kawala Xie, “Exclusive | The next 10 years: Tsinghua’s Yan Xuetong talks Trump, Taiwan and what it means for China,” South China Morning Post, 22 July 2024)

Rain led to bridge collapse in China killing eleven
On 22 July, BBC reported that at least eleven people have died and over 30 are missing after the highway bridge collapsed due to rains in the North-western region of China. The bridge in the Shaanxi province's Shangluo City collapsed on 19 July after which the rescue team rescued several vehicles. Chinese President Xi Jinping has called for an “all out” effort to find those missing people. Xinhua reported that over 736 firefighters, 18 boats, and 32 drones were sent to the scene of calamity. Chinese Ministry of Emergency Management has informed that they plan to allocate USD 260 million to support the local government deal with disaster relief measures. The funds would be allocated to Jiangsu, Shandong, Henan, Chongqing, Sichuan, and Shaanxi for response work, resettlement of people, and repairing the damaged houses. (“China bridge collapse kills at least 11 after floods,” BBC, 22 July 2024)

Exiled Hong Kong activist barred from accessing their pensions, reports The Guardian
On 22 July, The Guardian reported on two exiled pro-democracy protestors from Hong Kong blocked from receiving their pensions. They are being banned from tens of thousands of savings as the Chinese government crackdowns against activists in Hong Kong. In 2020 when the activist and the former legislator fled to Australia his saving was frozen. The assets are under the British Bank of HSBC. In 2020 his account was briefly unfrozen during which he was able to transfer the majority of his savings. But his pension worth a hundred thousand dollars is held in the same bank. The activists who now have fled Hong Kong have arrest warrants on their heads stating that they violated national security law. Another activist who wished to remain anonymous stated that Manulife administered the account and also refused the monetary claims stating that his account is under investigation. He said that this is hypocritical of the organization which proclaims to protect international human rights. Manulife’s spokesperson when questioned said: “We do not comment on individual cases. Manulife complies with all laws and regulations in the jurisdictions we operate in.” (“Exiled pro-democracy Hong Kong activists blocked from accessing pensions,” The Guardian, 22 July 2024)

Chinese State Security promotes awareness from espionage threat, reports Global Times
On 21 July, Global Times reported that the Chinese Ministry of State Security is calling out citizens to increase their knowledge and awareness to protect national security. They did this by circulating a short film showcasing an espionage agency posing as are researcher disclosing national research secrets clandestinely. The movie is called “The Windmill Code,” describing how national authorities discovered espionage activities abroad. Global Times said: “Such microfilms serve as reminders from China's Ministry of State Security to the public, especially research academics in national core fields, that any foreign espionage should be reported by all means as soon as possible.” (“China’s state security authorities warn foreign spy agencies of stealing core scientific research outcomes,” Global Times, 21 July 2024)

OUTER SPACE
Chinese Tiangong space station simulates emergency drills, says Global Times
On 21 July, Global Times reported that the Shenzhou-18 crew conducted emergency drills simulating space debris impact on their Tiangong spacecraft. The three taikonauts examined the space station and also conducted an emergency drill in case the space station was impacted by space debris. The ground control team carried emergency response as they simulated pressure loss. Chief Editor of Beijing-based Aerospace Knowledge magazine Wang Ya'nan said: “Generally speaking, space debris impact can be divided into two scenarios. One is very small particle-like debris that would only cause minor damage which could potentially threaten some external equipment; the other is the impact of larger debris with sizes of about five millimeters or centimeter-level, which could potentially penetrate the hull, which could even cause severe breaches in the structure.” (“Shenzhou-18 crew conducts emergency drill simulating space debris impact on Tiangong,” Global Times,” 21 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
China- Belarus joint army exercise
On 21 July, the Global Times reported the joint exercise between China and Belarus named China-Belarus Eagle Assault-2024 held at Brest in Belarus. The drills focused on anti-terrorism activities. A representative of Belarus said the exercise was carried out for 10 days with extremely skilled command completing all drills at a preset schedule. The exercise witnessed reconnaissance and search, blockading, joint strikes, multidimensional infiltration, and joint anti-terrorism operations expanding sensible relationships. In addition, the GT added, that NATO’s summit was linked to the joint exercises, relating the guilt of the Western countries alongside NATO. Finally, it concluded that the Chinese are firm on the motto of the exercise and are focused on peace and stability. (“China, Belarus joint army exercise reaches preset goals,” The Global Times 22 July 2024)

Research body from EU and NATO nation join China-led moon project
On 22 July, The South China Morning Post reported the partnership of Hungary with the International Lunar Research Station (ILRS) a project in association with the Chinese and Russians to build a permanent base on the moon before 2035. The agreement brought all twenty-five members of the ILRS including space agencies and research organisations. An agreement was signed by the Kazakhstan Space Agency during Chinese President Xi Jinping’s visit, agreeing in exchange for space data. In addition, the SCMP says the US-led Artemis Programme is the key competitor for the Chinese in the permanent moon base initiative. The US has forty-three members in the program. Both the superpowers are developing to drop astronauts on the moon. (“Research body from EU and NATO nation joins China-led ILRS moon project,” South China Morning Post 22 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 15 July 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 128
ECONOMY
Chinese trade volume grows by 6.1 per cent
On 14 July, Xinhua reported that the Chinese economy saw a new high with the goods trade volume expanding to 6.1 per cent estimated to USD 2.97 trillion. There have been multiple indicators pointing out the improved performance of the Chinese economy as the country showcases recovery momentum. Chinese Premier Li Qiang last week stated that the Chinese economy has sustained its economy and has moved towards upward momentum and nurtured new growth despite the complex external issues. The current high has beaten the forecast for Chinese growth and even the consumer spending has perked showing the growing consumer confidence. China Association of Performing Arts reckons that the commercial performance saw a 13 percent hike from a year ago. Chinese consumption has risen to 4.1 per cent according to the National Bureau of Statistics. (“Chinese economy gathers steam amid targeted policy mix,” Xinhua, 14 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China's National Immigration Administration expands 144-hour visa policy for three new ports
On 15 July, China's National Immigration Administration (NIA) informed their plans for a 144-hour visa-free transit policy to be expanded to three more entry ports. This has taken the number of ports with free visa transit entry to 37. The administration added: “Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport in central China's Henan Province, Lijiang Sanyi International Airport in southwest China's Yunnan Province, and the Mohan railway port in Yunnan,” reports Xinhua. The eligible foreigners can now enter China through these three new ports and the people now entering from these ports are allowed to stay in more areas of the province. Currently, 54 nationals are eligible for this visa which includes nationals from the US, Canada, and Britain. NIA believes that the visa-free policy will provide choices for foreign nationals and promote exchange and cooperation. (“China expands visa-free transit policy to more ports,” Xinhua, 15 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China's National Immigration Administration expands 144-hour visa policy for three new ports
On 15 July, China's National Immigration Administration (NIA) informed their plans for a 144-hour visa-free transit policy to be expanded to three more entry ports. This has taken the number of ports with free visa transit entry to 37. The administration added: “Zhengzhou Xinzheng International Airport in central China's Henan Province, Lijiang Sanyi International Airport in southwest China's Yunnan Province, and the Mohan railway port in Yunnan,” reports Xinhua. The eligible foreigners can now enter China through these three new ports and the people now entering from these ports are allowed to stay in more areas of the province. Currently, 54 nationals are eligible for this visa which includes nationals from the US, Canada, and Britain. NIA believes that the visa-free policy will provide choices for foreign nationals and promote exchange and cooperation. (“China expands visa-free transit policy to more ports,” Xinhua, 15 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 13 July 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 127
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China launches its biggest uranium extraction project, reports China National Nuclear Corporation
On 12 July, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) informed that they started their work on a uranium production project in Ordos, North China part of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The project is aimed the ensuring the national supply of the mineral. The project started by CNNC has an investment of USD 1.5 billion and will have the largest capacity of any of the domestic projects used for uranium site. The CNNC said: “The project will use the latest green and digital mining systems and technologies, realizing lower emissions, sustainable development and remote monitoring.” Natural uranium is the base for nuclear industry development and is strategically important for ensuring national security. (“China launches largest natural uranium mining project,” Global Times, 13 July 2024)

CHINA & THE PACIFIC
China and Vanuatu sign joint partnership agreement
On 12 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with the Prime Minister of the Republic of Vanuatu Charlot Salwai, and shared his interest in working with the Pacific region countries by jointly furthering the China-Vanuatu community. Both countries established their diplomatic relations 42 years ago and Xi noted that since then they have been good friends. Xi said: “China attaches great importance to the development of China-Vanuatu relations and stands ready to work with Vanuatu to deepen high-level political mutual trust, promote the high-quality building of the Belt and Road, and enhance the all-weather and all-round friendly cooperation to jointly build a China-Vanuatu community with a shared future in the new era.” Salwai also expressed his admiration for the remarkable development of China and the outstanding performance of China under Xi Jinping. He also stated that Vanuatu firmly adheres to the one-China principle and that it supports China’s position on Xinjiang, Hong Kong, and the South China Sea issues. They signed a joint statement agreeing to upgrade a comprehensive strategic partnership between China and Vanuatu. (“China ready to build community with shared future in new era with Vanuatu: Xi,” Xinhua, 12 July 2024)

CHINA & THE PACIFIC
China and Solomon Island agree to deepen their comprehensive partnership by signing a joint statement
On 12 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Solomon Island’s Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele. Xi stated that it regards the Solomon Island as their good friend and it want to pursue national development while safeguarding its national sovereignty. Xi said: “China is ready to enhance strategic communication with the Solomon Islands to firmly support each other in safeguarding core interests and addressing major concerns, enhance the synergy between the Belt and Road cooperation and the development strategy of the Solomon Islands.” He also added that China will work in coordination with the Solomon Islands at multilateral institutions like the UN and the Pacific Island Forum. Manele stated that China is an example for developing countries and that they advocate common values of humanity and uphold multilateralism. He also cited that the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative proposed by Xi Jinping promote world stability and peace. They both signed a joint statement agreeing to deepen their comprehensive partnership. (“Xi meets prime minister of Solomon Islands,” Xinhua, 12 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Chinese transporting truck scandal, cooking oil transported in the fuel containers
On 11 July, The Guardian reported that Chinese trucks used to haul fuel, transported cooking oil in the same trucks. The incident was unveiled by Beijing News stating a Chinese app used to track trucks was found after which the app was disabled. It was reported that the trucks were not properly cleaned in between the transitions. The app Shipping Help went under after there was a surge of queries regarding the information that got out. The information led to fear that the oil may have been contaminated with toxic chemicals finding its way to people’s food. The Chinese government has vowed to investigate the matter. Since the scandal broke out it was found that the oil was sent to packaging facilities run by big and household oil brands widely used in the Chinese market. These claims were refuted by the household companies stating that their trucks meet the safety requirements. (“App that tracked fuel tankers in China used to transport cooking oil is disabled,” The Guardian, 12 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
As China develops its first legs towards 6G technology, the West still grapples with 5G, an editorial in Global Times
On 13 July, an editorial in Global Times titled, “As 6G race begins, West is still caught up with China's 5G: Global Times editorial,” looked into Chinese 6G upgrade and the West’s baseless fears towards Chinese 5G tech. The editorial notes that China has built the world's first field test network for 6G communication. On the other hand, Germany plans to remove Huawei and other Chinese companies’ components from their 5G networks by 2029, as they fear espionage activities. The piece states that while Chinese technology is rising and developing, the Western world is still fixated on whether they want to use the Chinese 5G tech. It claims that Germany’s sudden shift was influenced by the US pressure, as earlier it was more than willing to use Chinese 5G technology. The editorial states that Chinese 5G technology offers better quality, and higher stability at a reasonable price. It noted that the decision was also influenced by the baseless and hyped-up claims that China was engaging in espionage activities. In February 2024, the US and nine other countries formed a “6G alliance” without China. The editorial states that China leads the development in the field of cutting-edge technology and the development of the 6G alliance will be stale without China’s participation. (“As 6G race begins, West is still caught up with China's 5G: Global Times editorial,” Global Times, 13 July 2024)

Chinese White Paper on marine and ocean governance worthy of international attention, an editorial in Global Times
On 11 July, an editorial in Global Times titled looked into the recent White Paper published by the Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment on conserving marine ecology and the ocean. The editorial states that the White paper gives the full picture of the Chinese action plan and is worthy of international attention. The White paper proposes to develop a legal system for marine ecology and global ocean governance. The Chinese measures to preserve marine ecological red lines and pollutant discharge provide an important lesson for the world. They also mentioned the use of technological innovation and its application to preserve and protect marine ecology provides an important lesson. Chinese President Xi Jinping also emphasized the need to protect marine ecology and the ocean, he said: “We should cherish the ocean as we treat our lives.” (“China's marine protection offers valuable experience, wisdom for global ocean governance,” Global Times, 11 July 2024)

China celebrates 20th Maritime Day and looks into its growing maritime industry, an editorial in Global Times
On 11 July, China celebrated its 20th Maritime Day, the only holiday approved by the Chinese government in the field of maritime, according to an editorial in Global Times. Director of the Water Transport Bureau of the Ministry of Transport, Yang Huaxiong at a conference stated that the theme of this year is smart navigation and a smooth future, reflecting on the aim to further develop the maritime industry for the new era. Yang stated that developing the water transport industry continues to further the maritime industry. Global Times states that they have 21 automated container terminals and 28 automated bulk cargo terminals. The first automated terminal in the Yangtze River Basin is operating more efficiently. China has also developed the world’s largest maritime security system wherein the last 16 years the Chinese Navy has dispatched 46 fleets, 150 warships, and 35000 officers to rescue and escort 7200 Chinese ships. It also recently, launched, China’s first independently built polar icebreaker “Snow Dragon 2.” (“Impression of New Era: China's maritime industry continues to contribute Chinese wisdom, strength to the world,” Global Times, 11 July 2024)

CHINA & TAIWAN
Taiwan’s Defence Ministry detects “waves” of Chinese missile testing
On 13 July, Taiwan’s Ministry of National Defence reported that it monitored “waves” of Chinese missile testing that took place in the far northern region of Inner Mongolia. The Ministry informed that: “4 a.m. (2000 GMT on Friday) it had detected "multiple waves of test launches" by China's Rocket Force in Inner Mongolia, which lies some 2,000 km (1,200 miles from Taiwan,” reports Reuters. China considers Taiwan to be part of its own territory and Taiwan feels otherwise. This has led to frequent confrontations owing to increased monitoring by both sides. (“Taiwan on alert over 'waves' of missile tests in north China,” Reuters, 13 July 2024)

CHINA & PACIFIC
Solomon Islands strengthens its ties with China, a worrisome situation for the US in the region
On 12 July, the new Prime Minister of Solomon Islands is on his official visit to China. Beijing aims to strengthen ties with the strategic Pacific archipelago. Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele met Chinese leader Xi Jinping in Beijing, after a stop in coastal Fujian province. Prime Minister Manele said: “The Solomon Islands values its comprehensive and strategic relations with China.” China’s influence increased significantly during the term of Manele’s predecessor, during his term the country signed a secretive security pact that has raised fears of China’s security forces gaining a foothold in the region long dominated by the U.S., Australia, and New Zealand. Those moves came at a time of major tensions between Washington and Beijing, and the island’s closer ties with China are seen as undermining the influence of the U.S. and other traditional allies in the Western Pacific. (“The Solomon Islands and China are strengthening ties in a worrying move for US and its Pacific allies”,  AP News, 12 July 2024)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
China was disappointed with Japan's defence paper citing “Beijing’s invasion strategy,” against Taiwan, an opinion in Global Times
On 12 July, an opinion in Global Times urged Japan to not be the vanguard of NATO citing the Taiwan reference in the Japanese Defence paper. The op-ed stated that Japan should play a constructive role in maintaining the peace and stability in the region and further the Asia-Pacific expansion. The Japanese defense paper first cited Taiwan in 2021 and since then has increasingly mentioned it. It also cited China’s activities in the Taiwan region as part of “Beijing's invasion strategy.” This is the first time since Japan has used such strong words on Taiwan against China. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Lin Jiang states that the Japanese defense paper gravely interferes with China’s internal affairs and is just furthering the “China threat.” Lin also stated that the Chinese defense policy is for security reasons and is justified. The patrols around the countries are in line with international law and international practices. (“China warns Japan not to act as NATO 'vanguard',” Global Times, 12 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Philippines senate orders arrest of mayor for ties with Chinese crime syndicate
On 13 July, the Philippines Senate ordered the arrest of a small-town mayor after she refused to appear at hearings investigating her alleged ties with Chinese criminal syndicates. The case has captivated the nation amid tensions between Manila and Beijing. The arrest order, signed by the Senate President on 12 July, and to be carried out by the Senate’s sergeant-at-arms came after mayor Alice Guo failed to appear for a second consecutive hearing on 10 July citing stress. The Senate investigation began in May after authorities raided a casino in Guo’s town Bamban in March. The authorities have uncovered scams perpetrated from a local facility partially owned by the mayor. Guo’s lawyer said that the mayor was incapable of hearings due to her physical and mental health conditions, owing to massive cyberbullying humiliation. (“Philippine Senate orders arrest of mayor probed for alleged Chinese crime ties,” Reuters, 13 July 2024)

Indonesia is likely to maintain a strong pro-China policy, and opinion in East Asia Forum
On 11 July, an opinion in the East Asia Forum stated that Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto has decided to have a China policy similar to his predecessor, President Jokowi. He maintains this position despite Indonesia’s growing debt exposure to China. President Subianto looks to maintain this stand due to the high Chinese investments in infrastructure projects and trade. He is even ready to compromise Indonesia’s non-alignment stand and cooperate with China. On his visit to China in April 2024, he echoed similar expressions when he said that Indonesia values its relations with Japan and Malaysia, but its relationship with China can’t be overstated. He also said that rising tensions between the US and China in the South China Sea put Indonesia in a precarious situation. With three of the world’s most important chokepoints — the Malacca, Lombok, and Sumba Straits — Indonesia is arguably the most geo-strategically important territory in any broader Indo-Pacific conflict. (Daniel Peterson, “Expect the expected with Prabowo’s incoming China policy,” East Asia Forum, 11 July 2024)

China calls out the fallacies in the South China Sea Arbitration Award to the Philippines, an opinion in Global Times
On 12 July, an opinion in Global Times looked into the 12 July 2016 South China Sea Arbitration Award. On the same day, the Philippines celebrate their 8th anniversary of the verdict ruling in favour of them. The op-ed states that the Philippines continue to ignore the fallacies in the verdict while ignoring the truth. The celebration of the same was to further push the baseless allegation to push the rhetoric of “China threat,” as the West continues to manipulate the international perception, states the opinion. The event hosted the biggest West-Philippines Sea conference that was attended by military leaders and ambassadors of the US, Canada, Australia, France, and Japan. The US and EU also issued a joint statement expressing their support for the award. The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Lin Jian expressed that the US refuses to follow the UNCLOS and often lectures others to do the same. The previous statements cite that the US committed to not take any position on the South China Sea issue. Lin said: “This is political manipulation aimed at using allies to destabilize the South China Sea (SCS) and the region and advance the nefarious agenda of going after China.” The op-ed stated that the SCS has generally been a peaceful region as China and the ASEAN member states keep the peace. Lin urged the external countries led by the US to refrain from interfering and respect their efforts. (“Manila urged to stop abusing arbitration, disrupting the South China Sea,” Global Times, 12 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Iran’s President refuses to budge to the US pressure and cites its friendship with Russia and China
On 13 July, President-elect Masoud Pezeshkian said in a statement that The United States should realize that Iran will not respond to pressure. He also highlighted his country's friendship with China and Russia. He further also reiterated that Iran does not seek nuclear weapons, adding that Tehran would expand ties with neighbors and engage with Europe. Iran’s defense doctrine does not include nuclear weapons," Pezeshkian said in the statement, titled "My message to the new world" "China and Russia have consistently stood by us during challenging times. We deeply value this friendship. However, many Iranians are skeptical about his ability to fulfill his campaign promises as Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. (“Iran's Pezeshkian rejects U.S. pressure, praises Russia, China,” Reuters, 13 July 2024)

Germany orders a phase-out of Chinese telecom companies, informs Chinese Embassy in Germany
On 12 July, A spokesperson from the Chinese Embassy in Germany expressed strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition to Germany's decision to phase out Huawei and ZTE telecom gear from its 5G network. It warned that the move will seriously undermine the mutual trust between the two sides and will also affect future cooperation between China and the EU in related fields. Chinese experts said that Germany's decision shows increasing pressure from the US and the EU, and warned that the removal of Chinese components from its 5G network will have a significant cost and hinder the country's communications development. (“Germany’s decision on Huawei, ZTE 5G issue to ‘block its digital devt, harm mutual trust,” Global Times, 12 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 12 July 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 126
MARITIME
Chinese deep-sea mining vehicle “Kaituo 2” finished its sea trials
On 11 July, The South China Morning Post reported, reported that the Chinese mining vehicle named “Kaituo 2” finished it sea trials and is ready for mineral extraction in deep ocean areas in the Western Pacific. Further, the article emphasized the technical aspects of the vehicle and its tough landscape. Project Leader Yang Jianmin added the three key technical challenges viz, “International deep-sea mining, navigating complex seabed terrain, extracting diverse mineral forms efficiently, and safely managing heavy equipment in rough sea conditions.” In addition, SCMP stated the vehicle collected important minerals having a wide scope in areas of defense and medicine.  India conducted a similar trial at a depth of 5.270 meters. The Post further spoke about the risks involved to the aquatic life due to mechanical disturbances of the vehicle. It stated that: “The mining activities also create a lot of floating debris that can cloud the water for a long time, suffocating marine life.” (“Chinese deep-sea mining vehicle that could put the entire South China Sea in reach tested,” South China Morning Post 11 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh and China inaugurate new direct flight between Dhaka and Beijing
On 11 July, a new chapter in Bangladesh-China relations unfolded as Air China inaugurated a direct flight between Dhaka and Beijing. The service, operating four times weekly, was launched at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport by Bangladesh's Civil Aviation Minister, Muhammad Faruk Khan. He hailed the flight as a catalyst for trade expansion and improved connectivity between the two nations. Air China's country manager in Bangladesh, An Ming, emphasized the route's significance in promoting bilateral ties, trade, and cultural exchange. The direct connection is expected to benefit various sectors, including tourism and business while providing easier access for students and travellers. (“Air China Dhaka-Beijing direct flight inaugurated in Bangladesh capital airport,” Xinhua, 11 July 2024)

ECONOMY
China expands foreign investment opportunities in tourism and telecom sectors, reports Global Times
On 11 July, China's State Council announced new measures to open up various sectors to foreign investment in six trial cities of Shenyang, Nanjing, Hangzhou, Wuhan, Guangzhou, and Chengdu. These initiatives cover industries such as aged care, tourism, telecommunications, and entertainment. For instance, foreign investors can now establish non-profit aged care facilities in select cities and operate outbound travel businesses in others. The telecom sector will see VPN services opened to foreign joint ventures in five of these cities. The Chief Researcher at China Center for International Economic Exchanges Zhang Yansheng, noted that these well-selected pilot cities are highly appealing to foreign capital. The Deputy Secretary-General of the Digital-Real Economies Integration Forum 50 Hu Qimu emphasised that this move demonstrates China's commitment to being an open economy. The initiative follows recent policies aimed at attracting foreign investment, including visa-free entry for certain countries. In the first half of 2024, China saw a significant increase in foreign visitors and new foreign-invested firms. (Qi Xijia and Ma Tong, “China further opens up service sector in 6 cities with wider market access for foreign investment in tourism, culture, telecom industries,” Global Times, 11 July 2024)

MARITIME
Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment releases a white paper on protection of Marine Ecology in China
On 11 July, Chinese Minister of Ecology and Environment, Guo Fang, released a white paper on Marine Eco-Environment Protection in China was also issued. The paper presented a full picture of China's ideas, actions, and achievements in marine eco-environmental protection. Experts believe that there are several points in the white paper that are worth international attention. China's development of a legal system for marine eco-environmental protection provides a model for global ocean governance. China's specific measures and achievements in delineating marine ecological protection red lines, biodiversity conservation, and pollutant discharge control present valuable experience. China's technological innovation and application in marine ecological environment protection offer new ideas and methods for global marine environment protection, promoting technological cooperation in this field are some of the few highlights of the paper. (China's marine protection offers valuable experience, wisdom for global ocean governance,” Global Times, 11 July 2024)

Trilateral polar icebreaker deal between the US, Canada, and Finland to deter Chinese expansion
On 11 July, The South China Morning Post reported of a trilateral “Ice Pact” between the US, Canada, and Finland at the NATO Summit held in Washington, to deter China’s capabilities. The pact is an attempt to further shipbuilding capacity through information exchange between the three countries, succeeding AUKUS the second maritime trilateral agreement by Biden. The pact showcases a stern alarm to the Chinese and Russians as the Americans hold possession with its allies in industrial progress and fostering strategic partnership. The 2024 NATO summit focuses mainly on countering China alongside its transatlantic alliance. The Ice Pact brings additional pressure to the Arctic region, viewed as important by the international community. Furthermore, the United States' plan for its five polar ice breakers has been delayed due to issues with funds. The “Ice Pact” involves informational exchanges, training of American workers, and a hike for Finnish and Canadian investors, stated SCMP. (“Ice Pact: US, Canada, and Finland sign polar icebreaker deal in challenge to China,” South China Morning Post 11 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH EAST ASIA
China-Laos railway network eases transportation for swift transit of goods, reports Xinhua
On 11 July, reports Xinhua that the China-Laos Railway transported more than 100,000 tons of fruits this year. Local railway authorities have noticed a 120 percent increase year on year. China Railway Kunming Bureau Group Co., Ltd, said that due to easy customs clearance measures, tropical fruits from South and South East Asia are continuously transported to China via the railway. The current system has reduced the time by more than five hours and has facilitated the transportation of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and other goods that require swift transit. (“China-Laos Railway facilitates fruit transport,” Xinhua, 11 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
China condemns Germany's decision to remove Chinese tech from 5G networks, says Chinese embassy in Germany
On 11 July, China strongly criticized Germany's plan to phase out Chinese telecom components from its 5G networks. The Chinese Embassy in Germany expressed firm opposition to the decision, which was announced by Germany's Interior Ministry citing “national security risks.” The embassy dismissed these concerns as baseless, highlighting the lawful operations of Chinese companies like Huawei and ZTE in Germany. They argued that the move would harm mutual trust and future China-EU cooperation. The statement emphasized China's openness to European companies in its 5G development and warned that Germany's actions could impact its business environment. China vowed to protect its companies' interests, urging Germany to reconsider its stance on fair competition and avoid discriminatory policies based on unfounded accusations. (“China opposes Germany's discriminatory decision on Chinese 5G companies,” Xinhua, 12 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Satellite images indicate Chinese strikes on American facilities in Japan, reports SCMP
On 12 July, South China Morning Post reports that a recent discovery of satellite images showed a dummy US Fighter aircraft on a Chinese military range in the Taklamakan Desert is expected to galvanize Tokyo to seek closer ties with the US, NATO, and other potential security partners. Bulgarian Military Network and Turkey-based Clash Report suggest that the US has stationed its most advanced fighters at the Marine Corps Air Station in the Iwakuni and Kadena air bases in Japan, Chinese military have set up replicas of these bases and their air assets for more realistic training. Google Earth first captured the latest aircraft images on May 29. The image revealed over 20 mock-ups of US F-22 Raptors and F-35 Lightning II stealth fighters in the Xinjiang desert. (Julian Ryall, Chinese military simulations of attacks on US air bases in Japan alarms Tokyo,” South China Morning Post, 12 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 06 July 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 125
CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA
China-Tajikistan ties reach new heights amid regional cooperation, an editorial in Global Times
On 05 July, an editorial in Global Times reported that China and Tajikistan have elevated their relationship to a comprehensive strategic partnership for the new era in a significant diplomatic move. President Xi Jinping's recent third state visit to Tajikistan underscores the deepening ties between the two countries. The visit saw Xi awarding Tajikistan President Emomali Rahmon the Friendship Medal of China, a first-time presentation outside Chinese borders. According to Global Times, analysts view this development as a milestone in bilateral relations. As one expert stated: “The visit is a landmark event... laying the future foundation for deepening strategic relations between China and Tajikistan.” The partnership is seen as an example of a new type of international relations based on mutual respect and equality, despite differences in economic size and development levels. The visit also aligned with broader regional cooperation efforts, including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's (SCO) goals. As China assumes the SCO's rotating presidency, this strengthened bilateral relationship is expected to play a crucial role in addressing regional security challenges and promoting economic development across Central Asia. (Li Xuanmin and Chu Daye, “China, Tajikistan elevate ties during Xi's landmark visit,” Global Times, 05 July 2024)

CHINA & THE PACIFIC
China strengthens ties with Pacific Island nations through Prime Ministerial visits
On 05 July, China is set to host the prime ministers of Vanuatu and Solomon Islands, signaling a deepening of diplomatic relations with Pacific island nations. China's Foreign Ministry announced that these visits aim to enhance strategic communication and expand cooperation. Vanuatu Prime Minister Charlot Salwai will visit from 07 to 12 July, marking 42 years of diplomatic ties. Solomon Islands Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele's visit from 09 to 15 July represents his first official trip to China since taking office in May. A professor at East China Normal University Chen Hong noted that China-Solomon Islands relations exemplify successful South-South cooperation. He emphasised that despite Western criticism: “ultimately the people of these countries have the greatest say in the matter” The visits are expected to focus on infrastructure development, economic growth, and climate change mitigation. Chen observed: “There is great potential for further cooperation between China and Pacific island countries.” (Yu Xi, “Vanuatu, Solomon Islands PMs' visits to China expected to boost cooperation,” Global Times, 05 July 2024)

DEFENCE
China’s latest fighter jet J-31 B likely to be inducted into service
On 06 July, according to a video posted by the state media, China’s latest stealth fighter jet with carrier-based potential is ready to enter military service. The FC-31 Gyrfalcon with a variant now officially revealed as the J-31B is expected to complement the J-20, China’s most advanced stealth fighter jet inducted into service in 2017. Chinese state broadcaster CCTV posted a promotional video from the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation of the warplane and state-owned subsidiary of one of China’s top defense contractors. The video featured a computer-generated prototype of the new jet notably with a side weapon bay carrying two missiles. (Amber Wang, “China’s latest stealth fighter jet ‘J-31B’ ready for military service, CCTV video post suggests,” South China Morning Post, 06 July 2024)

INTERNAL
“China will continue to resolutely follow its own path of human rights development,” an opinion in Global Times
On 05 July, an opinion piece in Global Times highlighted China's successful completion of its fourth UN Human Rights Council Universal Periodic Review (UPR). Ambassador Chen Xu led the Chinese delegation at the Geneva meeting, where China's human rights report was unanimously approved. It emphasised China's commitment to a “people-centered approach” and its plans to “steadily improve the level of human rights protection” during its modernisation process. Over 120 countries praised China's progress, with representatives from Russia, Venezuela, and others commending China's efforts. Ambassador Chen stressed that: “there is no universally applicable model for human rights protection worldwide” and reaffirmed China's opposition to the politicisation of human rights issues. The piece concluded by noting China's determination to “resolutely follow its own path of human rights development,” while contributing to global human rights advancement. (Liu Xin, “UN Human Rights Council unanimously approves China’s 4th UPR report,” Global Times, 05 July 2024)

China intensifies fight against financial fraud in capital markets, reports Xinhua
On 05 July, Xinhua reported that Chinese regulatory authorities unveiled a comprehensive plan to combat financial fraud to strengthen China's capital markets. The initiative, launched by key financial and security agencies, aims to enhance market discipline and protect investor interests. From 2021 to 2023, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (CSRC) handled nearly 400 cases of illegal information disclosure, with over half involving fraud. The new framework adopts a zero-tolerance approach towards various financial irregularities and calls for stricter review processes for securities issuance. It also emphasised the need for increased penalties and market bans for offenders and mandatory delisting for companies engaging in serious fraud. A CSRC spokesperson stated that while listed companies are generally exemplary, these measures will: “effectively promote all parties to severely punish financial fraud further, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors.” (“Economic Watch: China beefs up combat against financial fraud in capital markets,” Xinhua, 05 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Chinese Ministry of Commerce sets hearing date for EU brandy Anti-Dumping probe
On 05 July, China's Commerce Ministry scheduled a hearing on July 18 for its anti-dumping investigation into EU brandy imports to ensure fairness and transparency. The probe, initiated in January following a request from the China Alcoholic Drinks Association, will examine EU-produced brandy in containers under 200 litres imported between October 2022 and September 2023. Commerce Minister Wang Wentao emphasised that the investigation: “neither targets any specific EU member state nor carries predefined findings.” A research fellow Zhou Mi noted that this process demonstrates China's adherence to WTO rules. The hearing will involve parties such as Martell and Hennessy. While coinciding with EU tariffs on Chinese EVs, experts assert the brandy investigation is unrelated. The probe is expected to conclude by January 2025, with a possible six-month extension under special circumstances. (“Chinese Commerce Ministry to hold hearing on anti-dumping probe into EU brandy,” Global Times, 05 July 2024)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
China walks on a tightrope as nuclear risks continue to loom over the Korean Peninsula, reports SCMP
On 05 July, the South China Morning Post reported that Beijing continues to face dilemmas in dealing with the Korean Peninsula. The risks continue for Beijing as North and South Korea continue to risk a nuclear crisis. Observers have warned that there is a possibility for further provocations by Pyongyang as the US elections come close and called on China to set efforts to rein in North Korea before any escalation. Beijing also differs from the defense pact signed between Russia and North Korea. Several analysts have also called this military pact detrimental to China’s interests. Tensions have been brewing since 2022 over Pyongyang’s accelerated missile tests. It flared in January when North Korean leader Kim Jong-un ditched the goals of his predecessor and declared the South Korean regime to be his principal enemy. (Shi Jiangtao, “China treads complex path between North and South Korea as nuclear risk rises,” South China Morning Post, 05 July 2024)

CHINA & MIDDLE EAST
BYD to set up a new plant in Turkey
On 06 July, Turkey will soon reveal an agreement with the Chinese Automobile Company, BYD to construct a USD 01 billion plant in the country's western region. Turkish officials have said that boosting the presence of Chinese carmakers in Europe at the time of escalating trade tensions. Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan is expected to announce the accord on 08 July during a ceremony in Manisa Province where the plant is expected to be built. The BYD representatives have refused to comment on this as of now. The BYD’s new factory would improve its connectivity and access to the European Union as Turkey has a customs union agreement with the bloc. The European Union has hit the BYD with an additional 17.4 percent charge on the existing 10 percent charges. (“Springboard to EU? BYD poised for US$1 billion electric car plant in Turkey, officials say,” South China Morning Post, 06 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Philippine Army General clears his intentions on de-escalating tensions with China in South China Sea
On 06 July, according to a new survey, most Filipinos want China to follow a rule-based order instead of military actions to resolve the South China Sea conflict. The Philippine military meanwhile has announced plans to adopt new countermeasures against Chinese incursions and propaganda. Philippine Armed Forces Chief of Staff General Romeo Brawner Jnr in a press briefing said that these measures would include fighting back during self-defense sea operations, protecting potential targets from Chinese missile and drone attacks, and Chinese fake news. He also added that the military would follow the orders of the President to de-escalate tensions. (Raissa Robles, “South China Sea: most Filipinos want Beijing to follow rules-based order, survey shows,” South China Morning Post, 06 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 05 July 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 124
Focus Note
SCO Summit highlights China's growing influence and calls for unity, an editorial in Global Times
On 04 July, an editorial in Global Times reported that the 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) in Astana, Kazakhstan underscored China's increasing role in shaping regional cooperation and global governance. President Xi Jinping's address emphasized the need for SCO members to stand united against external interference and embrace a win-win approach in the face of complex security challenges. Xi's call for building “a shared home featuring solidarity and mutual trust” resonates with China's broader initiatives, including the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Global Security Initiative.

These efforts align with the SCO's goals and reflect China's commitment to fostering peace and development across the Eurasian region. The summit marked Belarus's official entry into the SCO, expanding the organization's reach and influence. This growth highlights the SCO's attractiveness as a platform for cooperation, particularly as geopolitical tensions rise globally. According to Global Times, experts praised China's contributions to the SCO, noting its role in promoting economic cooperation, cultural exchanges, and regional stability. As China assumes the SCO presidency for 2024-2025, expectations are high for continued leadership in addressing shared challenges.

The editorial stated that Xi's subsequent state visits to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan demonstrated China's commitment to strengthening bilateral ties within the SCO framework. These diplomatic efforts by China position the country as a key player in shaping the future of Eurasian cooperation and global governance. The SCO summit reaffirms the organization's stance against unilateral sanctions and emphasizes the importance of building a multipolar world to address pressing global issues. As the SCO continues to evolve, China's influence and vision for regional cooperation are likely to play an increasingly significant role in shaping the organization's future direction. (“Xi hails solid foundation of SCO, warns of real threat, risks,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

Xi and Lukashenko reaffirm strong China-Belarus ties at SCO summit
On 04 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko met on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana, reinforcing the robust relationship between their nations. Xi expressed confidence in the continued healthy development of China-Belarus relations. The meeting marked a significant milestone as Belarus officially joined the SCO. Xi highlighted the two visits Lukashenko made to China in 2023, during which they outlined a new vision for the “all-weather comprehensive strategic partnership” between their countries. Lukashenko expressed gratitude for China's support in Belarus joining the SCO and congratulated China on assuming the organization's rotating presidency. He also praised the recent performance of the Chinese People's Liberation Army Guard of Honor in Belarus, viewing it as a symbol of their friendship. The Belarusian leader voiced support for Xi's global initiatives on development, security, and civilization, as well as the joint China-Brazil proposal for resolving the Ukraine crisis. Lukashenko emphasized Belarus's desire to strengthen bilateral and multilateral coordination with China in various spheres of cooperation. (“Xi says China-Belarus relations to develop healthily, with great strides,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

Xi Jinping affirms UN’s relevancy and urges it to push for multilateralism
On 04 July, during a meeting with UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana, Chinese President Xi Jinping emphasized the crucial role of the United Nations in global governance. Xi stated that the UN's importance should be reinforced, not diminished, highlighting China's unwavering support for genuine multilateralism. Xi viewed the global community as a ship navigating uncertain waters, stressing the need for international cooperation to maintain the right course. He expressed that China backs the UN Summit of the Future, hoping it would promote multilateralism and enhance global governance. Xi also voiced support for UN-led reforms in international finance and AI governance. Guterres praised China's constructive role in fostering world peace and development, recognizing the nation's significant influence on humanity's future. He expressed the UN's eagerness to strengthen ties with China. (“Xi says UN's role as core platform for practicing multilateralism should be strengthened,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

Xi and Erdogan reaffirm commitment to strengthening China-Türkiye relations
On 04 July, in a meeting on the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan emphasized the importance of enhancing their nations' strategic cooperative relationship. Xi called for mutual support on core interests and the consolidation of political trust. Xi noted their shared perspectives as developing countries and members of the Global South by highlighting the stable development of China-Türkiye relations. He expressed China's support for Türkiye's independent development path and encouraged expanded trade, increased Chinese investment in Türkiye, and cooperation on infrastructure projects.

Erdogan reaffirmed Türkiye's commitment to the one-China principle and its respect for China's sovereignty. He acknowledged China as Türkiye's most significant global and Asian economic partner, welcoming further Chinese investment and tourism. Both leaders emphasised the importance of aligning the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) with Türkiye's development strategies and expanding cooperation in various sectors. They also discussed their similar views on international issues such as the Palestinian-Israeli conflict and the Ukraine crisis. (“Xi says China, Türkiye should push for greater development of strategic cooperative relationship,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

Xi Jinping's Central Asia tour strengthens regional ties and cooperation, says an editorial in Xinhua
On 04 July, an editorial in Xinhua looked into Chinese President Xi Jinping's state visit to Kazakhstan and participation in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) summit in Astana yielded significant diplomatic outcomes, reinforcing China's commitment to regional cooperation and development. The visit marked the new “golden 30 years” in China-Kazakhstan relations, with both leaders pledging to build a “more substantive and dynamic community with a shared future.” During talks with Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, Xi emphasised the goal of doubling bilateral trade and expanding cooperation in various sectors, including critical minerals, new energy, and the digital economy. The leaders signed multiple cooperation documents and inaugurated several cultural exchange facilities, highlighting the deepening ties between the two nations.

Xi's meetings with other regional leaders on the sidelines of the SCO summit further underscored China's role in promoting regional stability and prosperity. Xi and Russian President Vladimir Putin reaffirmed their commitment to strategic coordination and opposition to external interference. The Chinese leader also held productive discussions with the presidents of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Azerbaijan, focusing on enhancing bilateral relations and aligning development strategies. Xi consistently expressed China's support for these countries' sovereignty and independent development paths. He pledged to work towards building “an even closer SCO community with a shared future,” as China assumed the rotating SCO presidency. This commitment, along with the announced upgrade of China-Azerbaijan relations to a strategic partnership, demonstrated China's growing influence and dedication to fostering multilateral cooperation in Central Asia. (“Xinhua Headlines: Xi's Central Asia trip pushes for China's stronger bond with regional countries,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China includes Tesla cars in the provincial procurement list for the first time
On 04 July, Global Times reported that despite the immense pressure from the US and the EU on China's new-energy vehicles (NEV), China continues to adhere to its opening-up policy which recently included Tesla cars in East China’s Jiangsu provincial government’s procurement list for the first time, Tesla has also confirmed the move by the Chinese government. The framework agreement for the NEV procurement by the Jiangsu provincial government department was made public with the Tesla Model Y included in its purchase list. This also marks the first time Tesla has been included in a provincial government procurement directory. This is also seen on the Jiangsu government’s website. (Zhang Yiyi, “Tesla Model Y included in provincial government's procurement list, a testimony of Chinese market openness, impartiality,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
Chinese Ministry of Commerce urges EU to sincerely engage in EV tariffs consultation
On 04 July, China's Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) spokesperson He Yadong urged the European Union to engage in proper consultation on its tariffs imposition plan on Chinese Electric Vehicles (EVs). And that they should reach a mutually acceptable solution. Despite hard opposition, the EU confirms provisional import tariffs on Chinese EV manufacturers. Yadong informed that the EU would be sincere and accept a solution suitable for both sides, he concluded after a series of meetings. China vehemently opposes the EU’s anti-subsidy investigation and it stated that trade frictions must be wisely handled. The European Commission ruling means that from 05 July 2024, they will witness the provisional duties to be imposed for the next four months. The Commission is expected to make the final decision in the next four months an the decision would lead to a duties imposition plan for the next five years. Experts have warned that: “it could potentially spark a trade war with China” if the EU presses ahead with permanent tariffs. (“ China urges EU to advance consultations on resolving EV tariffs spat as Brussels moves ahead with provisional tariffs,” Global Times,04 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Groundbreaking study reveals ancient Denisovan survival on the Tibetan Plateau
On 04 July, a recent study published in Nature uncovered compelling evidence of Denisovan presence on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 40,000 years ago. Researchers from Lanzhou University, the University of Copenhagen, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences examined over 2,500 bone fragments from the Baishiya Karst Cave, situated 3,280 metres above sea level. Using advanced proteomic screening methods, the team identified a hominin rib specimen dating back 48,000 to 32,000 years, alongside remains from over 20 vertebrate species. This diverse array of fauna provides insight into the Denisovans' adaptive capabilities and long-term survival in the challenging high-altitude environment. A professor from Lanzhou University Zhang Dongju stated: “Large amounts of bone remains were found in the cave. The diverse species identified partly answer the questions of why Denisovans chose to live in Baishiya Karst Cave and the surrounding Ganjia Basin, and how they survived there for hundreds of thousands of years.” The study sheds new light on the behaviour and adaptations of this extinct hominin group, contributing significantly to our understanding of human evolution in eastern Eurasia during the late Pleistocene era. (Yu Xi and Leng Shumei, “New study reveals how ancient Denisovans survive on Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

“Structural failure at the connection point,” Global Times reports on Chinese commercial rocket test launch and crash
On 04 July, a recent static fire test of Space Pioneer's Tianlong-3 rocket in Gongyi, Henan Province, ended in an unexpected launch and crash, raising concerns about China's burgeoning commercial space sector. The incident, described by experts as a “rookie mistake,” occurred due to structural failure at a connection point during the test of the “Falcon 9 equivalent” carrier rocket. No casualties were reported despite the alarming nature of the accident, which generated significant thrust and caused property damage. The Chief Editor of Aerospace Knowledge magazine Wang Yanan suggested that insufficient safety margins or installation issues may have been to blame. While the incident sparked debate about the industry's future, experts believe it will serve as a crucial learning experience. Wang stated: “If companies can learn from this lesson, then it can actually be beneficial for their future development," emphasising the importance of prioritising safety in China's rapidly growing commercial spaceflight sector. (Fan Anqi, “Chinese 'Falcon 9 equivalent' rocket accident 'a rookie mistake',” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Chinese Premier discusses the importance of collaborative efforts in AI governance
On 04 July, Chinese Premiere Li Qiang addressed the opening ceremony of the World AI Conference and High-level meeting on Global AI Governance 2024 held in Shanghai. He said that the development of artificial intelligence (AI) requires urgent in-depth discussions and consensus building among countries and collaborative efforts to seize opportunities to overcome challenges. He added that the recent developments in new AI technologies have been a continuous breakthrough, new business models are emerging, and new applications have been rapidly expanding. These have become an important driving force behind a new round of technological and industrial revolution. He noted that China has actively embraced the intelligence revolution, has vigorously promoted the innovation and development of AI attached great importance to the security and governance of AI, and has implemented a series of measures for it. (Qi Xijia and Liu Yang “Premier Li calls for global AI cooperation at WAIC; event shows China's power, openness in global AI development,” “Chinese premier urges consensus-building among countries on AI development,” Global Times, Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

Chief scientist of China wins the Marcel Grossman award for his FAST telescope
On 05 July, Li Di, the Chief scientist of China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) is recognized for his groundbreaking contributions to scientific definition. He has been named co-winner for this year’s Marcel Grossman Award. He is the first award recipient who has conducted his research in China. His FAST telescope is considered the most sensitive radio telescope. He has also worked on numerous innovations in characterizing the dynamic universe. Li worked in NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory till 2012, he later joined the National Astronomical Observatories in Beijing as a full-time researcher and led the FAST team to make precise measurements of the interstellar magnetic field and advance the field of radio bursts. (Lin Xin, “Li Di, the chief scientist of China’s FAST telescope, wins Marcel Grossmann prize,” South China Morning Post, 05 July 2024)

Chinese robot companies display their AI humanoid robots at the WAIC event expo
On 04 July, the company representatives at an industry expo told the Global Times that the Chinese-manufactured humanoid robots are catching up fast with global rivals. Industry insiders believe that mastering core technologies and China’s complete industrial chain advantages would mean that countries like the US may have to rely on China’s manufacturing capabilities and industrial infrastructure for producing humanoid robots. Tesla unveiled its most anticipated humanoid robot Optimus Gen 2 at the World AI Conference and High-Level Meeting on Global AI Governance (WAIC) 2024 in Shanghai. A Tesla employee at the venue said that the robot highlighted the great importance the company attached to the WAIC amid China’s rapid AI development. Shanghai-based Dataa Robotics also debuted its humanoid bipedal robot XR4 at the event. (Zhang Weilan, Qi Xijia, “China's AI humanoid robots catching up fast with global rivals: insiders,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

China marks a significant milestone as it launches its G15 gas turbine
On 04 July, China reached a significant milestone in its gas turbine manufacturing capacity as its first domestically developed 15 MW gas turbine, the G15 rolled off the assembly line. This would further expand China’s homegrown gas turbine line-up and optimize the country’s structure. The new turbine unit is characterized by higher power density and efficiency but low emissions, poised to reduce carbon emissions by 150,000 tons per year and generate enough electricity to meet the daily needs of 2500 households. The big breakthrough came amid China’s ongoing efforts of a widespread industrial upgrade and high-speed energy transition. Observers have said that the gas turbine can have diverse applications in different sectors like energy, aerospace, industrial manufacturing, and marine engineering. (“China's home-developed 15 MW heavy-duty gas turbine rolls off the assembly line,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA
Decisions made at the SCO stand crucial for the world, says an editorial in Global Times
On 04 July, an editorial in Global Times covered Chinese President Xi Jinping and delegates of international organizations at the Shanghai Cooperation Organization as the 24th meeting of the Council of Heads of States begins. The SCO showcases the “Shanghai Spirit”. The editorial stated that President Xi’s five proposals were not merely on past experiences but rather required for the future, emphasizing strategic and historical positions with win-win cooperation and maintaining peace in the Eurasian. Economic supremacy fall might be witnessed via its innovation and the construction of an international order of multilateralism can be seen politically. The Astana Declaration” was adopted showcasing SCO’s commitment to building international and political stability. The GT reported that NATO’s expansion creates an unrest situation globally and SCO implies progress regionally. Mention of BRI and SREB were also spoken at Astana. “Shangai Spirit” of valuable qualities in the development of societies have become SCO’s core fundamentals. (“The choice jointly made by SCO is crucial to the world,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China will not sit by and watch their legitimate rights being violated, says the Chinese Foreign Ministry against Philippines
On 04 July, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Mao stated that China is no threat to other nations and is committed merely to peace development, followed by a Philippine senator claiming that “China had set up 25 targets around the Philippine archipelago that it would attack with hypersonic missiles,” he also added that Philippine would not sit quietly when its national interests are under danger. The GT cites Mao’s opinion that China is concerned over the interests of other nations. According to a Reuters report, Senator Imme Marcos expressed that The Northern Islands of Batanes would be the primary target. The recent Consultation dialogue urged the Chinese to compensate for the destruction caused on 17 June despite both mutually agreeing on the South China conditions. (“China won't tolerate any violation, the threat of its legitimate rights: FM on Philippine senator's claim about China's missile plan,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & AFRICA
China strongly condemns deadly attack in DRC, says Chinese Foreign Ministry
On 04 July, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs criticized the attack in Congo claiming the lives of Chinese nationals, demanding to pinpoint the culprits. A stern action was demanded against the culprits A nationwide hunt is in progress to recognize the missing Chinese nationals. The Ministry also advised its nationals to stay alert for safety, following a statement from the Chinese embassy on security it defines that it is strong in a few regions but dwindles in a few areas. Media coverages claim the livelihood of Chinese in DRC is weak, stating about 2014 killings of two Chinese nationals by anti-government armed forces. (“China strongly condemns deadly attack in DRC, reminds local Chinese to stay alert amid deteriorating safety situation,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Indian and Chinese Foreign Ministers meet alongside the SCO to discuss border disputes
On 04 July, Chinese Foreign Minister, Wang Yi met his Indian counterpart Indian External Affairs Minister Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar alongside the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation to discuss the border disputes between the two countries. The two foreign ministers agreed to double efforts to resolve differences and resume normal ties. They reached a consensus during a meeting, four years after the clash in the Galwan Valley. Indian External Affairs Minister, Dr. Subrahmanyam Jaishankar said “Prolongation of the current situation in the border areas is not in the interest of either side, and meetings between diplomatic and military officials should be improved to resolve the remaining issues at the earliest.” Wang said, “China and India were both part of the Global South and emerging economies and should explore a correct way to get along with each other.” (Liu Zhen, “China-India border dispute ‘not in either side’s interest’, foreign ministers agree,” South China Morning Post, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Pentagon looks to partially exempt the ban imposed on Chinese tech giants, an editorial in The Global Times
On 04 July, an editorial in Global Times reported on the Pentagon's plans to exempt the ban imposed on contracting deals with Chinese tech giants. This has raised alarms amongst US defense officials who warn against the possible threat to security by violating the National Defence Authorization Act. The editorial stated that the US has time and again used “National Security” threats as an excuse to crack down against Chinese tech giants. Bloomberg reported that Huawei is deep-rooted in the country’s telecommunication sector and that the ban would hurt some of the key sectors. Huawei’s products are popular and cost-effective making it hard to find a substitute. The Deputy Director for the Department of Asia Pacific Studies states the complete lift of the ban is unlikely, but the US would need to reconvene the ban, An article published by the Economist titled “America's assassination attempt on Huawei is backfiring" on June 13 reads that Uncle Sam's attacks failed to kill Huawei, but have only "made it stronger (“US' ban on Huawei eventually boomerangs on itself,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 04 July 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 123
Focus Note
Xi-Putin reunite on the sidelines of the SCO meeting
On 03 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping met with Russian President Vladimir Putin on the sidelines of the 24th Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO). Xi expressed that Sino-Russian relations should continue to converse their unique value. The Chinese flagship newspaper Xinhua reported that Xi believes that as they face international turbulence and changes, the two countries should affirm their lasting friendship and uphold them. While doing so they should safeguard their legitimate rights and interests to ensure their norms of governance. The two leaders last time met in May, since the war and the sanctions both country's leaders have had frequented visits. Scholar of China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation, Cui Heng said: “This is especially important given today's complex and chaotic world situation. And with the upcoming US presidential election, the international landscape is anticipated to become even more complicated.” The focus of this SCO meeting would be on counter-terrorism measures and cooperation amongst the SCO members, as they aim to take joint combative action against terrorism. (“Xi meets Russia's Putin in Astana, urging conservation of unique value in bilateral cooperation,” Global Times, 04 July 2024)

Xi and Tokayev on new “golden 30 years” of friendship
On 03 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping informed Kazakhstan’s President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev that they are ready to work with them to build a more substantial and dynamic relationship. Xi noted that his talks with Tokayev were friendly and amicable as they signed a joint statement. Xi said that both countries have agreed that they are in a critical stage of development and that the two sides will continue to carry their tradition of mutual support. He additionally informed that the two sides have agreed to double the two-way trade. A Luban Workshop in Central Asia is also being planned as Xi informed their plans to expand their cooperation in the fields of media and television. They also affirmed to work closely in the international arena within the framework of the United Nations. Kazakhstan’s President Tokayev also expressed his solidarity with China and stated that the two nations have always been mutually respectful. He also cited the importance of their relations as China is the biggest trading partner for them and the most important foreign investor. An editorial in Global Times informed that China's Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) is being opened in Astana. This aims to promote more cultural exchange between the two countries. Tokayev also invited more Chinese investors and companies to invest in Kazakhstan, stating that they would provide the necessary and favorable conditions to them. He asserted that “friendship is the common asset” for them and that he looks forward to the new “golden 30 years” of friendship and cooperation. (“Xi, Tokayev hold talks, hail China-Kazakhstan relations,” Global Times, 03 June 2024; “Xi says China, Kazakhstan are companions on the path to modernization,” Xinhua, 03 July 2024)

Beijing-Astana launched connectivity projects to boost bilateral cooperation
On 03 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping and Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev attended the opening ceremony of the Trans-Caspian international transportation route. An editorial in Xinhua reported on the new transport route for enhanced connectivity. The World Economic Forum reported that 90 percent of world trade happens through the ocean, this poses a huge disadvantage for a landlocked country like Kazakhstan. The crucial part of this agreement is the land-linked projects established with China through BRI. They also enhanced their “soft connectivity” through cultural and educational projects. Kazakhstan Branch of Beijing Language and Culture University (BLCU) is set to welcome its first cohort of first 100 students. The new branch aims to train Kazakh-Chinese interpreters and to train other multilingual translators in Central Asia. (“China, Kazakhstan launch new connectivity projects to boost bilateral, regional cooperation,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

China-Uzbekistan ready to engage in high-quality development
On 03 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping informed that he was ready to engage in high-quality development with Uzbekistan. These statements were made during the 24th SCO meeting of the heads where Uzbek President Shavkat Mirziyoyev was present. In January, during Mirziyoyev’s state visit to China, the two agreed to elevate their ties to an “all-weather comprehensive strategic partnership.” Xi also expressed that they support Uzbekistan safeguarding its national independence and security. Xi also welcomed Uzbekistan’s participation in the seventh China International import expo and pushed for increased sub-national level exchanges in tourism, trade, and education. In return, Mirziyoyev said that they side with the One-China principle and that they are also willing to work with China. He said that they are also ready to implement the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative proposed by the Chinese President. (“Xi says China ready to promote high-quality development of China-Uzbekistan relations,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

China-Kyrgyzstan to further BRI cooperation
On 03 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping made remarks on their relationship with Kyrgyzstan ahead of the 24th SCO meeting held in Astana where he met Kyrgyz President Sadyr Japarov. Xi said that they should explore new avenues of thinking to promote high-quality BRI cooperation and they should continue to deepen their cooperation. He also expressed that he is happy to see a stable Kyrgystan and that they firmly support them in safeguarding their national security. Xi affirmed that they are willing to import high-quality green agricultural products and they fully support Chinese companies investing in Central Asia. Japarov also informed that Kyrgyzstan adheres to the One-China principle and that he would promote the construction of the China-Kyrgyzstan-Uzbekistan railway project. (“Xi urges China, Kyrgyzstan to promote high-quality Belt and Road cooperation,” Xinhua, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTH EAST ASIA
Indonesian President plans to impose 200 per cent tariffs on Chinese products
On 02 July, the Indonesian President convened his economic ministers' plans to impose up to 200 percent tariffs on certain China-made products to protect domestic manufacturing industries against dumping practices triggered by the Western nations. The tariff plan was revealed by Trade Minister Zulkifli Hassan last week and the industry minister Agus Gumiwang Kartasasmita said the new tariffs are expected to be announced in two weeks. According to the Indonesian Trade Minister Zulkifli Hassan, the trade war between China and the Western economies has resulted in an influx of Chinese products in the Indonesian markets, and the indigenous producers redirect exports. The Indonesian Finance Minister also said they are preparing regulations to impose taxes on Chinese textiles, garments, electronics, ceramics, and cosmetics. (Resty Woro Yuniar, “Indonesia plans tariffs of up to 200% on China-made products to protect domestic industries,” South China Morning Post, 03 July 2024)

CHINA & AFRICA
Four Chinese miners killed in a gold mine attack in Congo
On 04 July, local sources reported that a militia attack on a mining site in the gold-rich Ituri province killed at least four Chinese nationals in the northeastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Several Congolese were also killed and injured in the attack. The sources have attributed this attack to the Codeco militia group, claiming to defend the interests of the Lendu tribe against the rival Hema tribe. Attacks on the mining sites and convoys are common in Ituri and other gold-rich provinces of South Kivu where many Chinese miners are in high numbers. There have been frequent conflicts between Congolese residents and Chinese miners. The Chinese Embassy in the Democratic Republic of Congo has refused to comment on the incident. (Agence France-Presse, “Several Chinese nationals killed in DR Congo gold mine attacks,” South China Morning Post, 04 July 2024)

CHINA & AMERICAS
Chinese Foreign Ministry refutes accusations that China of setting up spy bases in Cuba
On 03 July, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs refuted a US think tank report claiming that it had found suspected spy bases in Cuba. It is believed that these spy bases could enable China to conduct intelligence operations against U.S. analysts and have said that the US has hyped up the issue through the collusion between media and institutions to suppress China. The Ministry also added that at the same time, it reflects the anxiety of Washington and is deeply entrenched in its Monroe Doctrine tradition over China’s rising influence. According to the latest reports released by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, several electronic eavesdropping stations in Cuba are believed to be linked to China, including the construction of 110 kilometers from the US Naval base at Guantanamo Bay. (Wang Qi, “Hyping Chinese 'spy bases' in Cuba slander; shows US' hysteria: expert,” Global Times, 03 July 2024)

The US Department of Homeland Security deports more than 100 Chinese migrants, reports The Guardian
On 03 July, The Guardian reported that the US Department of Homeland Security said that the US has deported 116 Chinese migrants in its first-ever large charter flight in five years. The weekend flight came amid rising political debates ahead of the forthcoming US Presidential election over the issue of Chinese Migration. The department said that it was working with China to reduce and deter irregular migration and to disrupt illicit human smuggling through its expanded law enforcement efforts. The department added that it is working with Chinese officials and will be working out more of such flights. Although there has been no fixed date given by the department regarding the next flights. (“US expels more than 100 Chinese migrants in rare mass deportation,” The Guardian, 03 July 2024)

The US government revokes licenses for Chinese companies including Huawei, reports Reuters
On 03 July, Reuters reports that the Biden administration revoked eight licenses this year that allowed some companies to ship goods to Chinese telecoms equipment giant Huawei. The Commerce Department which overlooks the US export policy said that in May, the government had revoked certain licenses but did not specify the name or number of suppliers that were impacted. The names of Qualcomm and Intel were amongst those whose names were included. According to the document, license approvals of Huawei include exercise equipment office furniture, and low-technology components for consumer mass-market items, such as touchpads and touchscreen sensor tablets which are widely available in China and from Chinese sources. There has been no response from form Huawei and Qualcomm as of now. (Alexandra Alper “Biden revoked 8 licenses for China's Huawei in 2024, document shows,” Reuters, 03 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
German Automotive Association warns against the tariffs against China
On 03 July, the German Association of the Automotive Industry said that the planned tariffs against China-made electric vehicles would be counterproductive for Europe’s goals regarding Climate. The tariffs are also said to be harmful to Europe’s industry and consumers. The Association has released a warning statement that the Western car manufacturers in China would also be affected by these tariffs initiated by the European Union and in some cases even worse than Chinese companies. The cooperation and production of the European Union and China was an important building block for the transformation and competitiveness in Europe. It emphasized that the EU has benefitted from the historically from its openness in international trade. Germany in particular maintains a surplus in the automotive trade with China. (“Tariffs on China's EVs harm EU's interest, German association warns,” Xinhua, 03 July 2024)

EU plans to impose import duty on cheap goods a hit to Shein and Temu, reports The Guardian
On 03 July, the Guardian reported that the EU might go ahead and impose customs duty on cheap goods, which might have an impact on the imports affecting online retailers and Shein’s London listing. The measure comes as retailers based in Europe expressed distress over the rising competition with the Chinese market via Shein and Temu. The Chinese firm evades the payment of import duty, enabling Shein to ship products directly from overseas. The Spokesperson of the European Commission said: “In May last year we put on the table customs reforms for a simple, smarter, and safer customs union. What we have proposed now is there is no exemption anymore for packages valued at below €150.” An analyst of Peel Hunt John Stevenson said: “that the impact of a change in the rules on Shein would be huge depending on the territory,” he also added that other countries' import duty increased by 30 per cent and this forced Shein to change the course of its business model. The international supply chain will face ethical issues if Shein presses forward by launching a London listing causing great concern for the investors. Donald Tang the boss of Shein is on a “fact-finding” mission in Europe and remarks that he accepts the import duty, by having a fair race in the world, reports Politico. (“EU plan to impose import duty on cheap goods could dent Shein and Temu,” The Guardian, 03 July 2024)

China's Xi greets EU Council president ahead of EV tariffs taking effect
On 04 July, The President of the European Council Antonio Costa, was greeted by Chinese President Xi Jinping right before the EU curbs on Chinese electric cars are in time to be implemented. The EU plans to impose 37.6 per cent provisional import tariffs on Chinese EVs. Xi expressed that he “attaches great importance to the development of China-EU relations”. The former Prime Minister of Portugal Mr Costa holds an effort to have a common cause among the 27-member council’s uncertainty in backing the commission on EVs. Despite China’s anti-dumping probe into European brandy imports. The Chinese customs data verified almost all EU brands exported to China were from France. Spain is under pressure as Beijing’s anti-dumping investigation imports of European pork and its by-products. (“China's Xi greets EU Council president ahead of EV tariffs taking effect,” Reuters, 04 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 03 July 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 122
Focus Note
Xi to attend the 24th SCO meeting, expected to further Sino-Central Asia relations
On 02 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping left Beijing to attend the 24th Shanghai Cooperation Organization meeting of the council head states. After which he is expected to visit Kazakhstan and Tajikistan. The 24th SCO meeting is held in the capital of Kazakhstan, Astana where Xi is expected to discuss the possible avenues of development and consensus of cooperation to further peace in the Eurasian continent, reports Xinhua. Eurasian countries share long historical linkages and this trip according to Xinhua is expected to enhance Chinese cooperation with the Central Asian countries and build the China-Central Asia community. Xinhua cited the railway agreement with China-Kyrgystan-Uzbekistan and stated that it showcases the “Shanghai spirit” of SCO that the Belt and Road Initiative furthers.

The SCO is a 23-year-old cooperation between nine member states and 14 dialogue partners. Chinese President Xi Jinping has attended all SCO head meetings since 2013. SCO has provided immensely to economic trade activities and projects. The former SCO Secretary-General Bolat Nurgaliyev stated that BRI has promoted socio-economic development in the region and that this is the epitome of the country's cooperation in the SCO as it showcases the “Shanghai Spirit.” China-Kazakhstan diplomatic relations are 32 years old where in 2013 Chinese President’s state visit to Kazakhstan he proposed the idea of the Silk Road and Economic Belt. The idea was the very base and important component of now Belt and Road Initiative. Both countries have cross-border transportation and trade facilities.

In 2023, China was Kazakhstan’s largest trading partner where they engaged in trade worth USD 41 billion in one year. Xi is also expected to further China’s relations with Tajikistan as they share 30 years of diplomatic ties. Tajikistan is one of the first few countries that supported the BRI which led to the construction of the China-Tajikistan highway. The recent visit is aimed at building these close ties and to further establish bilateral and regional cooperation. An editorial in CGTN looked into the 24th SCO meeting under their special series of “Shanghai Spirit in a Chaotic World.” The editorial stated that the summit has always adhered to SCO’s comprehensive cooperation and never positioned itself as a military alliance against any country or institution. Despite many tensions, it has maintained its priority for peace and security in the region. (“Xi's visit to promote SCO cooperation, enhance China-Central Asia relations,” Xinhua, 07 July 2024; “China-Kazakhstan partnership takes SCO collaboration to a new height,” CGTN, 02 July 2024)

Continuing tension between China and the Philippines
China urges the Philippines to “stop maritime infringements and provocative actions,” and editorial in Global Times
On 02 July, an editorial in the Global Times stated that the Philippines’ recent provocations in the South China Sea heightened tensions with China. The China Coast Guard (CCG) reported monitoring Philippine vessels attempting to supply an illegally stationed ship at Xianbin Jiao. CCG spokesperson Liu Dejun stated: “China firmly opposes this behaviour and the CCG will continue to conduct right protection law enforcement in its jurisdictional waters.” The Philippines also filed a claim with the UN for an extended continental shelf, a move China views as an attempt to legitimise the controversial South China Sea arbitration ruling. Despite these tensions, some Filipino organizations are calling for de-escalation. Dr Cecilio K. Pedro of the Federation of Filipino Chinese Chambers of Commerce and Industry, Inc. (FFCCCII) emphasised: “A peaceful resolution to the sea dispute is essential for Philippine economic development.” China and the Philippines held bilateral consultations, exchanging views on managing disputes and enhancing maritime cooperation. However, China urged the Philippines to “stop maritime infringements and provocative actions” and return to dialogue for dispute resolution. (Fan Wei, Chen Qingqing and Hu Yuwei, “‘Manila's provocations in South China Sea to be responded with countermeasures’,” Global Times, 02 July 2024)

CHINA & EUROPE
China provides a replica of Iran’s Shahed drone to Russia, reports The Straits Times
On 03 July, Chinese and Russian companies are developing an attack drone similar to an Iranian model deployed in Ukraine. European officials familiar with the matter European companies said that Beijing is edging closer to providing the lethal aid that the Western economies have warned them against. The companies from the two countries have been in talks since 2023 regarding the collaboration to replicate Iran’s Shahed drone and have developed a testing version of that and are in the preparation stage of its shipment to Russia. Providing these drones to Russia will deepen China’s support to Russia despite repeated warnings from the US and its allies. XI Jinping has tried to portray China as a neutral nation in the conflict even as Western officials have accused them of providing weapons to Moscow. (“China is building and testing lethal attack drones for Russia,” The Strait Times, 03 July 2024)

INTERNAL
China and Tajikistan’s stable diplomatic relations, an editorial in Xinhua
On 03 July, an editorial in Xinhua looked into China-Tajikistan relations and their aim towards a shared future. The editorial cites a statement by Chinese President Xi Jinping where in 2014 he said: “I am filled with joy and expectations to visit the home of a good neighbour and good brother during this crisp fall season.” In 2014, Xi was invited by the Tajik President Emomali Rahmon’s family residence. During his visit, Xi Jinping was awarded the highest honour of the nation with a sash, where Xi noted that the order of the crown showed their profound friendship and of their people. Since then, there have been some landmark projects between the two countries one of which is the new government building that is nearing completion. In 2014, Tajikistan was one of the two countries to sign the MoU to build the Silk Road Economic Belt and was amongst the first signatories to China’s Belt and Road Initiative. China also aided the construction of the Dushanbe No.2 power plant as part of the BRI, and since the completion of the plant, it has provided power to over 700,000 local citizens of Tajikistan. (“Xi Jinping and Tajikistan: "Good brothers walk hand in hand,” Xinhua, 07 July 2024)

Chinese President affirms China-Kazakhstan’s “unique comprehensive strategic partnership,” an editorial Xinhua
On 02 July, an editorial in Xinhua reported that Chinese President Xi Jinping reached Kazakhstan where he made remarks on their years-old cooperation and their unique comprehensive strategic partnership. Xi expressed his delight in visiting Astana on the invitation of Kazakh President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, and to also attend the SCO meeting of the heads. Xi noted that China and Kazakhstan have shared a long history of traditional friendship dating back to 2000 years ago to the ancient Silk Route. Xi stated that in 32 years their diplomatic relations withstood the test of time and the changing international landscape. Xi recalled the 11 years of the Silk Road Economic Road proposal led to their cooperation in BRI which has led to several successful economic and trade cooperation. He expressed that he plans to have an depth discussion with the President of Kazakhstan on their international cooperation and issues of common concern. In 2019, the two countries declared their elevated relations by establishing permanent comprehensive ties toes and strategic partnerships. Some of the recent cooperations the two countries engaged in are the Zhanatas wind farm and the Turgusun hydropower station. He also stated that he looks forward to attending the SCO meeting of the heads and advancing regional cooperation. The World Bank also reported that the BRI has supported the cross-border transportation benefits to Kazakhstan in a report titled: “South Caucasus and Central Asia: The Belt and Road Initiative Kazakhstan Country Case Study.” As part of the mutual visa exemption deal, over 60000 cross-border trips have been recorded in 2023.“Xi hails uniqueness of China-Kazakhstan partnership,” Xinhua, 07 July 2024; “Xi arrives in Kazakhstan for state visit, SCO summit with focus on bolstering cooperation,” Xinhua, 07 July 2024)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China advocates for inclusive AI development at UN, reports Global Times
On 02 July, Global Times reported that China's UN envoy, Fu Cong, criticised recent US moves to restrict AI investments in China, arguing they hinder technological progress and global governance. This comes after the UN adopted a Chinese-proposed resolution on bridging the AI access gap, co-sponsored by over 140 countries. Fu stated: “We do not believe that the position or decisions of the US government will contribute to the healthy development of AI technology itself, and will instead divide the world in terms of regulatory standards and rules for AI.” The resolution aims to promote international cooperation in AI capacity building, particularly for developing countries. It aligns with China's Global AI Governance Initiative, emphasising a people-centred approach and cooperation. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning welcomed the US participation in the resolution's consultation, inviting further dialogue at the upcoming World Artificial Intelligence Conference in Shanghai. (Liu Caiyu, “UN adopts Chinese resolution on closing AI gap,” Global Times, 02 July 2024)

CHINA & TAIWAN
Taiwan plans to convert temples into ammunition storehouses in case of conflict
On 03 July, the Taiwanese military proposed to convert the local temples into ammunition depots during wartime, which sparked public concerns about these sites being targeted in case of a cross-conflict. Temples in Maoli have been sent an official document from a local reserve command asking them to sign an agreement that allows the military to use their open spaces to store the ammunition. The document was issued on 17 June and three temples made it public. The document specified that in case of a potential war, the command planned to transport some ammunition from its depot to the open areas in the temples. It further explained that this would facilitate the resupply of ammunition for reserve brigade units and would ensure continued combat effectiveness. (Lawrence Chung “Taiwanese military bid to store ammunition on temple grounds during wartime sparks outcry,” South China Morning Post, 03 July 2024)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Philippines transporting constructing material to Xianbin reef, reports Global Times
On 02 July, Global Times reported that a Chinese state-affiliated media outlet highlighted escalating tensions between China and the Philippines in the South China Sea. According to the reports, the Philippines has been conducting frequent supply operations to its Coast Guard vessel BRP Teresa Magbanua, which has been stationed at Xianbin Jiao (also known as Xianbin Reef) since April 2024. Global Times claimed to have obtained footage showing the Philippine Coast Guard delivering not only food, water, and fuel, but also suspected construction materials, including cement, to the stationed vessel. This has raised concerns in China about potential attempts to establish a permanent presence on the reef. China Coast Guard (CCG) spokesperson Liu Dejun stated that the Philippines' actions “infringed upon China's territorial sovereignty and maritime rights” and violated regional agreements. The Chinese government maintains that it has “absolute control” over both Xianbin Jiao and Ren'ai Jiao (Ren'ai Reef). In an opinion piece, the Global Times suggested that the Philippines might be attempting to replicate its 1999 tactic of grounding a warship at Ren'ai Jiao. The Deputy Director at the China Institute of Contemporary International RelationsYang Xiao quoted: “The Philippines fails to realize that this opportunistic idea has no feasibility at all.” The article also speculates that these actions may lead to increased Chinese law enforcement presence in the area. (Fan Wei, “Exclusive: Evidence shows Philippines attempting to transport construction materials to China's Xianbin Jiao,” Global Times, 02 July 2024; “Philippines' attempt to repeat old tricks at Xianbin Jiao is nothing but a pipe dream,” Global Times, 02 July 2024)

Scepticism lingers between China and the Philippines, an opinion in Global Times
On 03 July, in an opinion piece from the Global Times, scepticism persists despite recent diplomatic efforts between China and the Philippines. The 9th meeting of the Bilateral Consultation Mechanism on the South China Sea, led by high-ranking officials from both nations, aimed to address tensions and restore trust. However, Chinese experts remain cautious, adopting a “wait-and-see” approach. The article highlights a disconnect between diplomatic talks and frontline actions, with one expert noting: “The Philippines says one thing but does another.” This sentiment is echoed in reports of continued Philippine activities in disputed areas, including alleged attempts to reinforce military presence at Ren'ai Jiao. While both sides agreed on the importance of maintaining regional stability, conflicting statements emerged. The Philippines vowed to be “relentless” in protecting its interests, while China urged an end to “provocative actions.” The Global Times suggested that despite ongoing tensions, Manila may feel compelled to return to negotiations due to maritime and public opinion pressures. (Chen Qingqing, “Chinese experts take a ‘wait-and-see’ approach on latest China-Philippines consultation on South China Sea,” Global Times, 03 July 2024)

Philippines and China meet to resolve a dispute in the South China Sea
On 03 July, The Strait Times reported that Beijing and the Philippines have agreed to restore trust and build confidence in the South China Sea, weeks after clashes near the disputed Second Thomas Shoal. The agreement came after both sides had frank and constructive talks on 02 July. The meeting was headed by China’s Vice Foreign Minister Chen Xiaodong and his Philippine counterpart Theresa Lazaro. There have been frequent escalations in the region between the two countries since last year. Recently the two countries had a clash on 17 June where one Philippine soldier got injured. At the 02 July meeting, the Philippines representative said that both sides recognized the need to restore trust rebuild confidence and create a conducive environment for dialogue and interaction. (Mara Cepeda and Lim Min Zhang, “China, Philippines agree to lower tensions in the South China Sea, boost communications,” The Strait Times, 03 July 2024)

CHINA & MIDDLE EAST
China’s UN envoy says people in Gaza are living in open-air prisons as Israel obstructs humanitarian aid
On 03 July, China called on Israel to fulfil its obligations under the International Humanitarian Law and respond to the international community’s calls to ensure rapid and safe entries of humanitarian supplies to Gaza. During a UN Security Council briefing on the situation in the Middle East, China’s permanent representative to the United Nations, Fu Cong mentioned the severe humanitarian crisis in Gaza which is exacerbated by extreme shortages of essential supplies and dire health conditions in the region. He noted that millions of people are struggling with hunger, disease, and pain in this manmade disaster and a violation of international law. He added that people in Gaza are living in an open-air prison as the supplies in the region have been blocked for nine months and 02 million people are deprived of water, electricity, food, medication, and fuel. He criticized the closure of Rafah crossing because of the Israeli Military Operations which led to the thousands of trucks loaded with humanitarian supplies waiting in long lines. He also condemned the repeated attacks by the Israeli forces on humanitarian agencies and added that over 200 humanitarian workers have lost their lives during the conflict. (“China urges Israel to fulfill humanitarian obligations in Gaza,” CGTN, 03 July 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 02 July 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 121
INTERNAL
Chinese Communist Party completes 103 years of its establishment
On 01 July, the Communist Party of China celebrates its 103rd anniversary since its establishment. The people of China are visiting museums and historical sites in Shanghai and Beijing as various activities were held across China to celebrate the occasion. The CPC is embarking on a new phase as it completes 100 million membership. The CPC is set to move on to a new phase of reform which aims to guide 1.4 billion people towards a better life and advancing Chinese modernization. Analysts have pointed out that the upcoming third session of the 20th CPC Central Committee which is to be held in Beijing from 15-18 July is a significant milestone for the CPC to pursue national development and rejuvenation. Several activities along with the oath-taking ceremony took place along with the oath-taking ceremony. Amid the widespread celebrations in the country, patrolling has increased in the South China Sea and the Xinjiang region. (“Celebrations held nationwide to mark CPC's 103rd birthday,” “103 years on, how CPC leads China toward modernization,” Global Times, CGTN, 01 July 2024)

INTERNATIONAL
Chinese President Xi Jinping jets off to attend the SCO meeting
On 02 July, Chinese President Xi Jinping left to attend the 24th meeting of the Council of the Heads of States of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in Astana. He will also be visiting Kazakhstan and Tajikistan from there at the invitation of the Heads of the two states. Xi’s team that went with him included Cai Qi, a member of the Standing committee of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party Central Committee, the director of the General Office of the CPC Central Committee, and Wang Yi a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party and the Foreign Minister. (“Xi leaves for SCO summit, state visits to Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,” Xinhua, 02 July 2024)

INTERNAL
Chinese tourism industry sees a hike as summer holidays approach
On 29 June, Global Times reported that with the summer holiday period coming, China’s tourism market is expected to enter its peak season as major online travel agencies have registered an increase in bookings. Ctrip, a popular online travel agency in China, showed that the search popularity for domestic hotels and flights has increased by more than 20 per cent compared to 2023. Data from Chinese home-share platform Xiaozhu showed that summer accommodation bookings in popular cities had tripled year on year. The report released by Ctrip showed, “the bookings for destinations in northwest China saw an increase of 40 per cent and the bookings for Southwest China also experienced a 25 per cent rise.” Another data from Tuniu.com showed that in July, the proportion of domestic long-distance trips surpassed 50 per cent for the first time in the platform’s history. (“China's tourism enters peak season as Chinese tourists embrace summer vacation,” Global Times, 29 June 2024)

China’s new rail link Shenzhen-Zhongshan
On 30 June, China opened the Shenzhen-Zhongshan link in the Guangdong Province in South China. The 24 km passage starts from the Shenzhen airport interchange and connects with Ma’anshan island in Zhongshan across the Pearl River. The new link will reduce the travel time between Shenzhen and Zhongshan from two hours to 30 minutes. The megaproject consists of one underwater tunnel, two bridges, and two artificial islands. This makes this one of the most difficult sea-cluster projects in the world and holds 10 world records. The new 24 km link has been labelled the “transportation backbone” as it shoulders the vital task of connecting the Urban centres to either side of the Pearl River. The link is a key component of the national expressway network G2518, located 31km south of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge and connects major transport arteries. (“Shenzhen-Zhongshan Link opens to traffic with 10 world records,” CGTN, 30 June 2024)

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
Chinese State Council announces revised rules for rare earth management
On 02 July, the State Council unveiled a set of new rules on earth management. The new regulations have clearly stipulated that the rare-earth resources belong to the state and no organization or individual may occupy or destroy rare-earth resources. The state plans to implement these protective measures on the mining of rare earth resources, and the announcement of China’s new regulations has attracted the attention of the Western media. Rare earths are known as the industrial vitamins and are referred to as industrial gold highlighting the importance of these non-renewable strategic resources to modern industry. China is a major country in terms of rare-earth resources and its production and supply of more than 70 per cent of the world’s rare earth raw materials with less than 40 per cent of the global rare earth resources for many years. China is also under considerable pressure regarding rare earth resources and environmental protection. (“China has its own pace in protecting rare-earth resources: Global Times editorial,” Global Times, 02 July 2024)

ECONOMY
NBS survey shows a dip in economic activities in China for a second consecutive month
On 01 July, an official survey conducted by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) reported that China’s manufacturing units had seen a fall in activity for the second consecutive month in June. The service sector has reported a slip in its activity as well. The dip in the activities of the service sector was at a five-month low as the Chinese economy struggled to get back on its feet. Xu Tianchen, a senior economist at the Economist intelligence unit said “Actual industrial activity should be stronger than the data suggests as the Purchasing Managers Index fails to show the current export momentum which is a major economic driver this year.” He also added that external and domestic demand remains relatively inadequate to absorb China’s manufacturing capacity and prevent a recovery. Several indices related to new orders, raw materials stocks, employment, supplier delivery times, and new export orders were in contractionary territory as per the survey. China’s exports in May had surpassed the forecasts but given the growing trade tensions between China and the Western economies, the sustainability of these exports is questioned. (Joe Cash and Ellen Zhang, “China's June factory activity contracts again, services slows,” Reuters, 01 July 2024)

CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA
China and Central Asia to enhance green energy cooperation, an editorial in Xinhua
On 30 June, an editorial in Xinhua stated that the green energy cooperation between China and the Central Asian countries has become closer in recent years. This has led to the completion of several projects. Goldwind Sci &Tech Co Ltd. displayed its latest wind power projects at the eighth China-Eurasia Expo in Urumqi, the capital of the Xinjiang Autonomous region. The wind power project is said to be suitable for the geographic environment of Central Asia. In recent years, many Chinese enterprises have invested in new energy projects in Central Asia. Several wind farms, hydropower stations, and photovoltaic power stations are built in collaboration with Chinese companies and have effectively helped with the local transition to low-carbon production. At the expo, Chinese enterprises have also presented battery components and generation models that can adapt to different landforms. China has held the top spot for many years in terms of installed capacity for hydropower and wind power, photovoltaic, and nuclear power under construction. Renewable energy accounts for more than a per cent of China’s installed generating capacity. It is estimated that by this year the cumulative installed capacity of new energy in Xinjiang will exceed 89 million kW, becoming the largest power source in the region. (Economic Watch: Promisingprospects for China-Central Asia green energy cooperation,” Xinhua, 01 July 2024)

Chinese President to tour Kazakhstan and Tajikistan
On 30 June, the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that Chinese President Xi Jinping will attend the 24th Meeting of the Council of Heads of States of the Shanghai Cooperation in Astana. He will also visit Kazakhstan and Tajikistan on the invite of the heads of the states. The upcoming visits carry great ramifications against the backdrop of the growing geopolitical tensions in the world. The state visits to Kazakhstan and Tajikistan also underscore that China attaches great importance to neighbourhood diplomacy and is set to give a new push to the China-Central Asia relationship where all five countries are China’s strategic partners. Kazakhstan is the place where the Belt and Road initiative was proposed and since then has transformed the region, this visit is expected to enhance bilateral cooperation between China and Central Asian countries. (Li Xuanmin and Xing Xiaojing, “Xi to attend SCO summit, visit Kazakhstan, Tajikistan,” 30 June 2024)

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