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Multiple short-range ballistic missiles fired from North Korea, reports Yonhap News Agency

Korea Reader | 24 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 180
South Korean President criticises shift in reunification stance
On 24 September, President Yoon Suk Yeol criticised political leaders who had abandoned Korea’s common dream of unification in favor of a two-state solution. During a Cabinet meeting, Yoon said he could not believe this sudden shift and singled out former Chief of Staff to ex-President Moon Jae-in, Im Jong-seok, for disbelief. He termed such opinions “unconstitutional,” wondering how these longtime advocates for reunification could suddenly flip on their stance. It presented reasons why two peaceful Korean states are impossible, based on North Korea’s hostility and nuclear threats. He warned that abandonment of unification would escalate tension on the Korean Peninsula. Reiterating his commitment to reunification based on liberal democracy, he said: “True peace built on strong power and principles, not empty words and rhetoric.” (“Yoon raps calls to abandon unification goal as 'unconstitutional',” The Korea Times, 24 September 2024)
 
South Korean government to support unemployed youth with opportunities
On 24 September, the government of South Korea and the ruling People Power Party have revealed their plans to support unemployed youth. The strategy will aid 240,000 students and graduates with needed assistance services for better employment opportunities. The new youth savings program for SMEs will be launched next month. The youth employment budget will have a 16 per cent rise to 2.29 trillion won in 2025. A share of the amount of 20 billion won is used to pay long-term unemployed youths. It listed such initiatives in policy consultations with Rep Kim Sang-hoon. The parties also agreed to fast-track the passage of legislation aimed at “youth in crisis” including socially isolated youth and young breadwinners. (“Gov't, ruling party agree to ramp up support to unemployed, isolated youth,” The Korea Times, 24 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 23 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 179
US nuclear-powered submarine arrives to replenish supplies, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 23 September, Yonhap News Agency reported that a US nuclear-powered submarine had arrived at a base of the South Korean Navy in Busan to replenish supplies and provide rest for crew members. The South Korean Navy informed the nuclear-powered submarine USS  Vermont had entered the naval base in Busan, after conducting operations in the region. The South Korean Navy stated it plans to conduct friendly exchange activities with the crew members of the USS Vermont. The arrival of the USS Vermont comes amidst increased tensions on the Korean Peninsula due to missile tests by North Korea. ( Chae Yun-hwan, “U.S. nuclear-powered submarine arrives in Busan to replenish supplies,” Yonhap News Agency, 23 September 2024)
 
North Korea’s trash balloon campaign caused serious damage to the South Korean people, says JCS
On 23 September, The Korea Times reported that North Korea’s trash balloon campaign caused serious damage to the South Korean people. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) stated on North Korea’s repeated launch of trash-carrying balloons with attached timed fire systems. The JCS further said: “While there may be inconveniences and difficulties caused by North Korea's trash balloons, our fundamental measure to eradicate them is to show that 'there is nothing to gain for the enemy. Still, if danger is caused to the safety of our citizens or if the North is assessed to have crossed the line, our military will take stern military measures.” The JCS spokesperson Col. Lee Sung-jun dropped down to comment and said: “It is a message issued given that North Korea's grey zone provocations are extending into the long term, and causing inconvenience and anxiety among the public.” Furthermore, the South Korean military is attacking North Korea daily with anti-North Korean propaganda broadcasts through loudspeakers. (“S. Korean military vows 'stern' measures should N. Korea cross the line with balloon campaign,” The Korea Times, 23 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 21 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 178
South Korea and Czech Republic to collaborate on entire nuclear cycle, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 20 September, Yonhap News Agency reported that the Government of South Korea and the Government of the Czech Republic had agreed to collaborate on the entire nuclear energy cycle. The agreement was decided upon during the visit of the President of South Korea, Yoon Suk-Yeol to the Czech Republic. Yoon signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, Petr Fiala on nuclear energy cooperation. 13 other MoUs were also signed, covering cooperation across the entire nuclear energy cycle including construction, operation, maintenance, and waste disposal. The agreements were amidst Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power looking to finalize a contract to build two nuclear reactors in Dukovany in the Czech Republic. Yoon stated that the two nuclear reactors would be built, and also stated that South Korea had a track record of building nuclear weapons "on time, on budget.” Yoon also stated that the nuclear deal would elevate the bilateral relationship between South Korea and the Czech Republic to more comprehensive, future-oriented cooperation. The President also stated that both nations must utilize momentum from the nuclear deal to collaborate across broader industries. If finalized, the deal worth USD 17.3 billion will be South Korea's second nuclear power plant export. The South Korean and Czech governments also signed the Trade Investment Promotion Framework relating to industrial and investment cooperation. Additionally, they agreed to launch a supply chain economic dialogue. ( Kim Eun-jung, “(LEAD) S.Korea, Czech Republic agree to team up  for a full cycle of the nuclear energy industry,” Yonhap News Agency, 20 September 2024)
 
South Korea and US to hold talks discussing deterrence against North Korea, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 20 September, Yonhap News Agency reported that the Government of South Korea and the US Government would hold regular defence talks, discussing ways to strengthen cooperation against the threat of nuclear weapons and missiles posed by North Korea. The Ministry of National Defence of South Korea informed about the talks; and stated they would be led by the Deputy Minister for National Defence Policy of South Korea Cho Chang- rae and the US Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defence for East Asia, Anka Lee. The talks are a part of the 25th Korea-US Integrated Defence Dialogue (KIDD). The South Korean defence ministry informed the talks would involve discussions on several key security and defence issues such as enhancing extended deterrence efforts, evolving into a science and technology alliance, and improving solidarity and cooperation with like-minded partners. The talks are also expected to be a preparation for the annual Security Consultative Meeting(SCM). ( Lee Minji, “S. Korea, U.S. to hold regular defense talks to discuss deterrence  against N.K. threats,” Yonhap News Agency, 20 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 20 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 177
Prague Castle welcomes South Korean First Lady Kim Keon Hee, reports Korea Times
On 20 September, Korea Times reported that South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol and First Lady Kim Keon Hee, were on a two-day state visit to the Czech Republic to attend an official ceremony hosted by their Czech counterparts. Prague Castle, an architectural marvel with over a thousand-year history has been the centre for the authority of the Kingdom of Bohemia since the IX century and became the Capital of the Roman Empire in the XIV century. The castle is the largest in the world and UNESCO’s World Heritage site with Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architectural styles. In the welcoming ceremony, President Yoon presented a flower bouquet to the Czech First Lady Eva Pavlová, while President Pavel offered a bouquet to Kim. F and the national anthem of both countries were followed after the welcome ceremony. Additionally, both presidents signed the guestbook at the presidential palace with a bilateral summit and then carried the meeting forward. Furthermore, the meeting marks the third between both leaders after the UN general assembly meeting in September 2023 and the NATO summit in July of this year. The visit of President Yoon is of great importance because it marks the first state visit by a South Korean president to the European nation over the past nine years. (“Korean President, first lady receive warm welcome at Prague Castle,” Korea Times, 20 September 2024)
 
South Korean unification minister calls for the immediate release of detainees, reports The Korea Times
On 20 September, The Korea Times reported Unification Minister Kim Young-ho's call for the immediate and unconditional release of the detained South Korean missionary and five other nationals. Kim said: “The ROK government condemns North Korea's illegal and inhumane human rights violations and strongly urges the North, which is a party to major international human rights instruments, to immediately and unconditionally release our nationals who are illegally detained. North Korea must not ignore our legitimate demands concerning the lives and safety of our citizens and must clearly recognize the seriousness of the issue, as well as the international community's strong warnings against its repeated violations of universal human rights norms.” Additionally, the US State Department spokesperson Matthew Miller stated that the North's repetition of detaining missionaries and others is an attempt to restrain freedom of religion or belief. He further stated that DRPK to immediately release all the detainees under the public trial and said: “The U.S. remains gravely concerned about the lack of transparency, fairness, and accountability within the DPRK's judicial system. The DPRK regime continues to systematically violate and abuse the human rights of people in North Korea.” (“Unification minister urges N. Korea to immediately return detained S. Koreans home,” The Korea Times, 20 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 19 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 176
Wang Yi meets head of the ROK-China Parliamentarians Union while affirming bilateral friendship
On 18 September, CGTN reported on Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi’s meeting with Kim Tae-nyeon while Wang praised Kim and ROK-China Parliamentarian’s association for promoting a cordial relationship between China and the Republic of Korea (ROK). Both nations have shared success and development considerably contributing to regional peace and prosperity. Additionally, Wang said: “Regardless of changes in international and regional circumstances or any difficulties and challenges faced by both countries, they should keep pace with the times, remain good neighbors with mutual trust and be good partners with win-win cooperation, injecting new vitality into China-ROK relations.” Furthermore, Kim and other senior members joined the meeting and stated that the ROK-China Parliamentarians' Union has gained a wide range of popularity and contributions by lawmakers. In a joint statement by Kim and other senior lawmakers said: “The association is willing to work hand in hand with China to strengthen strategic communication, enhance exchanges, explore cooperation potential, continuously improve mutual understanding between two peoples and promote friendly relations between ROK and China.” (“Wang Yi meets with the head of ROK-China Parliamentarians' Union,” CGTN, 19 September 2024)
 
Kim Jong-un test-fires new tactical ballistic missiles, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 19 September, Yonhap News Agency reported that new tactical ballistic missiles successfully test-fired from North Korea carrying large warheads. The launch took place after its counterpart South Korea fired multiple short-range ballistic missiles. According to the official Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), it said: “Test-fire was aimed at verifying the accuracy of a hit at medium range of 320 km and explosive power of the super-large warhead with a missile loaded with such a warhead and the missile administration also conducted a test-fire of a strategic cruise missile whose performance has been highly upgraded for its combat use.” Additionally, Kim Jong-un guided the test-fires and said: “The military and political situation in the region threatening the present state security environment indicates that the work for bolstering up the military capability for self-defence should be the most important affair of the country.” (“N. Korea says it test-fired a new tactical ballistic missile capable of carrying a super-large warhead,” Yonhap News Agency, 19 September 2024)
 
Yoon to visit Czech Republic to finalize the nuclear bid, reports The Korea Herald
On 19 September, The Korea Herald reported on President Yoon Suk Yeol’s visit to the Czech Republic to attend summits with Czech leaders and finalize a nuclear export deal worth USD 18 billion. Yoon said: “The Czech project holds paramount importance and this was partly meant to solidify Prague's commitment to the signing of the deal planned for March 2025.” The visit is planned amid the uncertainties on the nuclear energy bid while the US energy firm Westinghouse and French company EDF both appealed to Czech authorities' selection of the South Korean association. Yoon’s office further said: “Seoul was looking for a political solution with the US to settle the legal conflict between the two companies and Seoul's efforts with Washington were to create an amicable atmosphere among businesses in the nuclear energy sector which would help facilitate a smooth resolution to any dispute that might arise between the two sides.” Additionally, both nations will sign the framework called the Trade and Investment Promotion Framework which aims for post-war reconstruction in Ukraine and cooperate in progressing cutting-edge technologies. Senior Presidential Secretary for Science and Technology Park Sang-ook said: “Seoul was looking to revive the director general-level bilateral dialogue on science and technology cooperation, especially in the fields of biotechnology, chemistry, aerospace, artificial intelligence, and next-generation nuclear energy solutions, among others.” (“Yoon leaves for Prague to cement nuclear energy push,” The Korea Herald, 19 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 18 September 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 175
Multiple short-range ballistic missiles fired from North Korea, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 18 September, Yonhap News Agency reported that multiple short-range ballistic missiles were fired from North Korea in the north-eastern direction. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said: “They detected the launches at about 6:50 a.m. from the North's Kaechon area in South Pyongyang Province, north of Pyongyang, and the missiles flew about 400 kilometres.” North Korea disclosed its uranium-based nuclear facility, a day after the missiles were launched. The latest attacks have created cross-border tensions due to the North Korean launching of trash-filled balloons. The series of attacks by Pyongyang came amid concerns of an uncooperative regime that might be provocative ahead of the US presidential elections. Additionally, the JCS Chief further said: “We strongly condemn North Korea's missile launches that are clear acts of provocation seriously threatening peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula.” (“(3rd LD) N. Korea fires multiple short-range ballistic missiles: JCS,” Yonhap News Agency, 18 September 2024)
 
Yoon to visit the Czech Republic to press on the nuclear bid, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 18 September, Yonhap News Agency reported on President Yoon Suk Yeol’s visit to the Czech Republic to press on South Korea's bid for a major nuclear energy project and develop deep economic ties. The call for the visit came after an association led by Korea Hydro & Nuclear Power (KHNP) was selected as an ideal bidder. In a statement, Yoon’s office stated that the visit aims for the successful implementation of Czech’s nuclear ambition. A senior presidential secretary for economic affairs Park Chun-sup said: “The visit plans to focus on securing the Czech Republic's cooperation and support to ensure that the Czech nuclear power plant construction project proceeds smoothly until the final contract is signed next year.” Both nations have planned to sign several agreements to bolster collaborations in next-generation vehicles, hydrogen and robotics, and discussions concerned with rebuilding infrastructure were also made. (“Yoon to visit Czech Republic with focus on nuclear energy cooperation,” Yonhap News Agency, 18 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 16 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 173
North Korea sends another set of trash balloons to South Korea, reports The Korea Times
On 16 September, The Korea Times reported on balloons being launched by North Korea towards South Korea carrying trash. The Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) stated that they detected the balloons travelling toward the northern part of Gyeonggi Province and said: “The launch came after the North flew around 50 trash-carrying balloons toward the South from Saturday night to early Sunday, with about 10 trash bundles landing in Gyeonggi Province and Seoul.” Additionally, North Korea has launched thousands of balloons carrying trash to South Korea in retaliation for anti-Pyongyang leaflets sent across the border by South Korean activists. (“N. Korea launches trash balloons toward S. Korea for 2nd day: JCS,” The Korea Times, 16 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 14 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 172
US puts more reconnaissance assets for security after North Korea uranium facility disclosure, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 13 September, Yonhap News Agency reported the US Government was devoting more intelligence and reconnaissance assets to security on the Korean Peninsula. This was after the Government of North Korea disclosed a uranium enrichment facility earlier this week. The North Korean-state-owned news agency KCNA had informed about the Supreme Leader of North Korea, Kim Jong-un visiting a uranium enrichment facility. The White House National Security Communications Advisor, John Kirby stated the US was continuing to monitor North Korea’s ballistic missile technology and programme. Kirby also informed the President of the US, Joe Biden had devoted more intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets to the Korean Peninsula area; in light of the threat of North Korea. Kirby also informed Biden had revitalized a system of network of alliances in Asia to combat the North Korean threat, and that the US Government was ready to have talks with North Korea about the denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula. A spokesperson for the State Department, Matthew Miller stated the US policy towards North Korea had not changed; and they were committed to denuclearization. (Song Sang-ho, “(3rd LD) U.S. stresses reconnaissance efforts for Korean Peninsula after N.K. uranium enrichment site disclosure ,” Yonhap News Agency, 14 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 13 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 171
South Korea and Czech Republic to form nuclear industry alliance, reports The Korea Times
On 12 September, The Korea Times reported that the Government of South Korea and the Government of the Czech Republic would aim to establish a nuclear industry alliance with each other. This is one of the objectives behind the visit of the President of South Korea, Yoon Suk-yeol to the Czech Republic. In July, the Czech government selected Korea Hydro & Nuclear Powe for the USD 17.3 billion Dukovany nuclear power plant project. The First Deputy Director of the National Security Office (NSO), Kim Tae-hyo stated Yoon’s visit would convey the South Korean government’s commitment to completing the project. Kim also informed the visit could establish a nuclear industry alliance between the two nations, and lead to a global nuclear alliance partnership between South Korea and the US. Yoon’s visit also aims to extend the strategic partnership with the Czech Republic, beyond the nuclear project. The South Korean president will hold a summit discussing ways to improve bilateral ties with the President of the Czech Republic, Petr Pavel. Yoon and Pavel are also scheduled to participate in a Korea-Czech Business Forum. The President will visit a nuclear power facility as well and will sign MoUs for institutionalizing cooperation across sectors between South Korea and the Czech Republic with the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, Petr Fiala. ( Anna J Park, “Korea, Czech Republic to form nuclear industry alliance during Yoon’s state visit,” The Korea Times, 12 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 12 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 170
Short-range missiles fired from North Korea
On 12 September, NBC News reported that short-range ballistic missiles were fired by North Korea. South Korea’s Joint Chief Staff said: “We strongly condemn North Korea’s missile launch which is a clear provocation that seriously threatens peace and stability on the Korean peninsula.” Nuclear envoys of South Korea, Japan, and the United States in a telephone conversation condemned the launch as a violation of the UN resolution and also confirmed that they would respond to all sorts of North Korea’s aggravations. The attempt was made after Kim Jong Un affirmed that North Korea would produce large quantities of nuclear arms, in addition, he inspected suicide drones and insisted on AI advancements. The joint further said: “North floated about 20 balloons late on Wednesday but none of them had been detected in the South so far and Thursday’s launch might be aimed at responding to recent South Korea-U.S. military drills or testing the missiles for export to Russia as North Korea faces accusations of supplying Russia with weapons including drones and ballistic missiles to be used in the war in Ukraine.” (“North Korea fires short-range missiles in the first launch in two months,” Reuters, 12 September 2024)
 
South Korean government sponsors special emergency medical response for 15 days as trainee doctors’ strikes
On 12 September, The Korea Times reported on a special emergency medical response for fifteen days and ensured resuming all services amid the ongoing strikes by trainee doctors. The Prime Minister of South Korea Han Duck-soo said: “The government will also temporarily raise the fees doctors receive from health insurance around a national holiday period next week to "repay the dedication of the medical professionals even a little.” Additionally, the Minister of Health and Welfare said: “was deploying military doctors to assist in some hospital emergency rooms due to a shortage of medical staff, but disputed a warning by some physicians that the system was on the verge of collapse. Thousands of trainee doctors, including interns and resident doctors, walked off the job in February to protest against a plan to lift medical student numbers by 2,000 a year to meet what the government projects will be a severe shortage of doctors.” In addition to the Health Minister, the government stated hospitals had to rely on trainee doctors for all medical actions, especially in the emergency rooms due to the large workload for the senior doctors. (“Korea to use all resources to ensure medical services during holidays amid strike,” The Korea Times, 12 September 2024)
 
Korea provides USD 2 million to Vietnam after the disastrous typhoon
On 12 September, The Korea Times reported on Korea’s financial aid of USD 2 million to Vietnam for the disastrous typhoon claiming the lives of hundred and fifty people. Minister of Foreign Affairs said: “The government hopes that the provision will help with the recovery efforts and help the affected residents be able to quickly return to their daily lives.” Furthermore, Typhoon Yagi was Asia’s most powerful typhoon this year, sweeping Vietnam’s northern region with heavy rains and overflowing streets and villages additionally resulting in hundred and forty people missing.  (“Korea to provide $2 mil. to typhoon-hit Vietnam,” The Korea Times, 12 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 11 September 2024, Wednesday  | Vol.1 No. 169
South Korea aims to become a cyber hub, reports The Korea Times
On 11 September, The Korea Times reported on South Korea’s aim to become a cyber hub in the Indo-Pacific region aiming to increase international cooperation amid rising cyber threats. President Yoon Suk Yoel said: “State-sponsored hacking groups and cybercriminals have exploited advanced cyber technology to launch more complicated, sophisticated attacks. If such cyber threats inflict serious damage on critical infrastructure, they could severely threaten national security and public safety.” Additionally, Yoon revealed South Korea’s aim of becoming the hub in the Indo-Pacific region to deter North Korea’s threats. He further stated that South Korea continuously developed its cyber defence and security systems to counter cyber-attacks from North Korean forces. Furthermore, Yoon conducted the International Cyber Training (APEX) exercise, committed to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization summit. (“cyber threats,” The Korea Times, 11 September 2024)
 
South Korea and United Nations Command pledges to deter North Korean threats
On 10 September, The Korea Times reported on the pledge taken by South Korea and member states of the United Nations Command to defend against North Korean threats. In the opening, Defence Minister Kim Yong-Hyun said: “Seventy years ago, under one flag, U.N. forces protected South Korea from the illegal aggression of communist North Korea. After the war, thanks to the support of those nations, South Korea has developed into a model of a free democratic society. “In addition to Kim Yong’s speech, Canadian Defence Minister Bill Blair said: “We are united in condemning the expanding military cooperation between North Korea and the Russian Federation. Their deepening ties undercut the U.N. Security Council's efforts to address the DPRK's nuclear and missile programs which threaten stability on the Korean Peninsula and the broader Indo-Pacific region.” According to the organisers, South Africa did not send their delegates to the meeting.  Additionally, the members of the meeting addressed the security concerns on the Korean Peninsula and assessed the progress of South Korean and UNC members. The discussions narrowed down to intensifying military trade between North Korea and Russia. Furthermore, Pyongyang said: “UNC gathering in Seoul is a dangerous scheme to ignite a new war of aggression.” (“S. Korea, UN Command stress united front against NK threats,” The Korea Times, 11 September 2024)
 
Kim Jong-un's rare Foundation Day speech calls for “unity” as the country faces floods
On 10 September, The Korea Times reported on Kim Jong Un’s Foundation Day speech proposing him as a leader of the people and bolstering unity amid the floods that North Korea faced. According to the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA), Kim guaranteed to magnify efforts to boost the North’s nuclear capabilities to deter American threats. A senior unification ministry official on anonymity said: “This was the first time Kim delivered a speech marking Foundation Day. His speech seemed to be aimed at calming public sentiments, aggravated by the flood damage, and pressing officials to produce major achievements before the end of the year. North Korea hasn’t announced any plans to convene an SPA session yet. I think it still hasn’t sorted out changing the country’s constitution to redefine South Korea as the No.1 hostile state.” Additionally, experts stated that there are very limited possibilities for Pyongyang to conduct a nuclear test before the most expected US elections. A senior research fellow at the Korea Institute for National Unification Cho Han-bum, said: “North Korea is making empty threats to the U.S. Kim has stressed the defensive nature of the North’s nuclear program. It's just an image of a missile launch vehicle, not a multi-warhead missile. Most of all, it wants to be acknowledged as a nuclear state by negotiating with the next U.S. administration” (“Kim Jong-un's rare speech on Foundation Day intended to bolster internal unity,” The Korea Times, 11 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 10 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 168
North Korea’s nuclear weapons can deter any enemy threats, reports The Korea Times
On 10 September, The Korea Times reported on North Korea’s nuclear capabilities to deter any enemy threats. Kim affirmed his promise to bolster the country’s nuclear force against US security threats. Kim said: “The obvious conclusion is that the nuclear force of the DPRK and the posture capable of properly using it for ensuring the state's right to security in any time should be more thoroughly perfected. The DPRK will steadily strengthen its nuclear force capable of fully coping with any threatening acts imposed by its nuclear-armed rival states and redouble its measures and efforts to make all the armed forces of the state, including the nuclear force, fully ready for combat.” Additionally, he called for total and complete implementation of the policy on the development of factories in twenty countries for the next decade. Furthermore, Kim also spoke about the floods and North Korea’s measures to prevent the disaster. Minister of Unification said: “Kim's speech seems to be aimed at solacing public sentiments, aggravated by the flood damage, and pressing officials to produce major achievements before the end of the year.” (“N. Korea's leader vows push for exponential increase in nuclear weapons,” The Korea Times, 10 September 2024)

Pentagon ends commitment with allies over regional security, reports The Korea Times
On 10 September, The Korea Times reported that the Pentagon’s spokesperson's speech to end commitment with its allies over regional security after North Korea revealed its mobile missile launcher. Pentagon press secretary Maj. Gen. Pat Ryder said: “It's not unusual for North Korea to use media reports and imagery to try to telegraph, you know, to the world. From a US standpoint, again, our focus is on working with our regional allies and partners including the ROK and Japan on preserving regional security and stability and deterring a potential attack. “In addition, this was the first time that Pyongyang delivered the 12-axled TEL and the longest mobile launcher with an 11-axled missile vehicle with 22 wheels. However, some observers said: “North might be seeking to have a larger mobile launcher as part of efforts to produce a longer-range ICBM or other missile platform capable of carrying a more powerful warhead.” (“Pentagon stresses security cooperation with allies after NK unveils new mobile launcher,” The Korea Times, 10 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 09 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 167
South Korea convenes summit for blueprint on military use of AI, reports Reuters
On 09 September, Reuters reported that the Government of South Korea convened a summit to establish a blueprint for the responsible use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the military. Over 90 countries, including the US and China, sent representatives to the two-day summit in Seoul. The summit was co-hosted by the Netherlands, Singapore, Kenya, and the UK, with about 2,000 individuals globally registered to participate. A key aim of the summit is to ensure multi-stakeholder discussions in the field of AI, wherein governments are the key decision-makers despite the private sector driving technological developments. The Minister for Foreign Affairs of South Korea, Cho Tae-yul, informed that summit discussions would cover topics including a legal review to ensure compliance with international law, and mechanisms to prevent autonomous weapons from making life-and-death decisions without proper human oversight. A senior government official in South Korea informed that the summit hoped to agree upon a common action blueprint. According to the official, a minimum level of guard rails for AI usage in the military and principles on responsible AI use were among the prospective points to be included in the blueprint. The Minister of National Defence for South Korea, Kim Yong-hyun, informed in his opening address that Ukraine had used AI-enabled drones in the war against Russia to overcome signals to jam and allow unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to work in larger groups. Kim stated that AI usage in the military domain was a “double-edged sword,” as it would improve the operational capabilities of the military and cause damage from abuse. (Joyce Lee, “South Korea summit to target ‘blueprint’ for using AI in the military,” Reuters, 09 September 2024)

Doctors demand to cancel increase of medical admissions quota for 2025, 2026, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 08 September, Yonhap News Agency reported on major lobby groups by the doctors demanding to cancel the increase in the medical admissions quota for the years 2025 and 2026. The call came from the Korean Medical Association (KMA) after the government previous week stated that it was prepared to revise the plan for 2026. The Yoon Suk Yeol administration has guaranteed to increase medical school admissions by 2,000 seats every year for the next five years. A huge number of trainee doctors have left their jobs, causing huge disorders in the healthcare system. The KMA official said: “The government must nullify the plan to increase medical school seats for 2025 and 2026 and discuss the possible adjustment for 2027 or afterwards.” Additionally, the chief of KMA Lim Hyun-taek stated that the government and parties must come up with a single reasonable proposal to resolve the ongoing crisis. (“Doctors' group demands withdrawal of med school quota hike plan for 2025, 2026,” Yonhap News Agency, 09 September 2024)

North Korea slams UN report on human rights abuses, reports Yonhap News Agency
On 09 September, Yonhap News Agency reported on the UN report on North Korea’s human rights abuses being condemned by North Korea. According to the UN’s report, its chief Antonio Guterres ordered an investigation to bring those who have committed violations of human rights issues to justice. The vice foreign minister of North Korea Kim Son-gyong said: “I severely condemn the enemy forces' move to slander our country's dignity and system in the name of the U.N. as a political provocation and an act of violating a sovereignty that we cannot tolerate.” Additionally, Kim stated that the UN must consider the US’s human rights abuses primarily before charging North Korea with abuses which don’t exist. (“N. Korea slams U.N. report on its human rights as 'fabricated' document,” Yonhap News Agency, 09 September 2024)

Thirty thousand protesters against the government over global warming raise, reports Reuters
On 07 September, Reuters reported on approximately thirty thousand protesters who gathered against the government for not taking stern action against global warming. Protesters of different age groups marched amid the boiling heat of 30 degrees Celsius. An environmental activist leading the protest said: “Truth is, without the air conditioner this summer was not liveable and people could not live like people, we are facing a problem not unique to a country or an individual. We need systemic change and we are running out of time to act.” In addition, the protest was organised by the Climate Justice March Group Committee, fuelled by young climate activists who claimed that the government was violating human rights by not acting on climate change. However, South Korea’s top court ruled the protest last month failed to safeguard basic human rights. Furthermore, a novelist Kim Ki-chang said: “Feel how long this summer is, this would be a much bigger threat and survival issue to younger generations than the older ones, so I think the older generation should do something more actively for the next generation.” (“Tens of thousands in South Korea protest lack of climate progress,” Reuters, 09 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 07 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 166
S Korea President’s medical reform plan in deadlock, reports The Korea Times
On 07 September, The Korea Times reported that the President of South Korea Yoon Suk-Yeol’s medical reforms plan was in crisis. The article mentions how Yoon’s plan to resolve the doctor shortage through increasing medical school admission quotas initially received support from nearly 80 per cent of the public; alongside support for the Government of South Korea’s response to the mass resignations by junior doctors. However, the increasing deadlock between protestors and the government, with reduced operating hours in Emergency Rooms(ERs) due to medical professionals protesting; has negatively impacted the government. Yoon’s approval rating has fallen to 29 per cent, according to a survey by polling organization Realmeter. The South Korean public is increasingly dissatisfied with the government, due to the strained health system which is causing incidents wherein patients have been turned away from ERs.  Professor at the Graduate School of Policy Studies in Inha University, Park Sang-byeong stated that Yoon’s agenda for reforming South Korea would be impacted by how he chooses to resolve the present crisis. According to Park, if Yoon conceded to the doctors, than he risked losing momentum for his other reforms. However, the health care crisis could escalate if things continued the way they were. Park also informed that Yoon was fixated on quotas while overlooking aspects such as improving medical service in rural areas and increasing compensation for doctors in harsh working conditions. Yoon has also come under criticism from the main opposition party the Democratic Party of Korea(DPK). Leader of the DPK, Rep. Lee Jae-myung stated that the South Korean government was being inflexible and that a consultative body could be formed with the South Korean government, as well as the ruling and opposition parties. On 06 September, the Office of the President of the Republic of Korea announced a plan to form a consultative body with ruling and opposition parties in order to adjust the scale of the medical school admission quota hike. However, the stance of the South Korean government remains to be seen. ( Lee Hyo-jin, “Tenacious or stubborn? Yoon’s medical reform plan faces crisis,” The Korea Times, 07 September 2024)

Simulation drills between South Korea and the US
On 06 September, The Korea Times reported on simulation drills between South Korea and the United States to boost nuclear deterrence cooperation. The tabletop simulations of TTS drills consisted of officials from national security, military, diplomatic and intelligence authorities from both countries, the officials said: “The simulation greatly contributes to the work of NCG, especially by strengthening the alliance's approach to cooperative decision-making about nuclear deterrence and planning for potential nuclear contingencies on the Korean Peninsula.” During the TTS program, the US reaffirmed America's extended deterrence commitment to South Korea referring to the United States pledge to use its full military capabilities, including nuclear weapons and defend its allies. The call for deterrence came after North Korea started intensifying its nuclear and missile programs and its deep cooperation with Moscow. (“S. Korea, US held simulation drills for nuclear deterrence in Washington this week: defense ministry,” The Korea Times, 07 September)

Korea Reader | 06 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 165
US reveals new export controls on advanced technologies
On 05 September, the US revealed new export controls over quantum computing, advanced semiconductor manufacturing equipment, and other sensitive technologies. This national security measure is likely to have little impact on Korean companies. The Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security announced the controls to align with allies and partners as technology competition with China intensifies. Under Secretary Alan Estevez said: “Aligning our controls on quantum and other advanced technologies makes it significantly more difficult for our adversaries to develop and deploy these technologies in ways that threaten our collective security.” The new rules will provide “License Exception Implemented Export Controls” for countries with equivalent national export controls. While South Korea is not in that exception, it is in the category of a country in which license applications would be considered under a “presumption of approval”. That contrasts to China and some other countries that will be subject to a “presumption of denial”. Controls include technologies that are “integral to quantum computers, advanced semiconductor fabrication and high-performance computing chips” used in supercomputers-the place where the leading edge of strategic competition for the US is being contested. (“US seeking export controls on quantum computing; limited impact expected for Korean firms,” The Korea Times, 06 September 2024)

South Korea and Poland strengthen defence ties at MSPO exhibition
On 05 September, The Korea Times reported that the 32nd MSPO defence exhibition in Kielce, Poland, has become a focus of fresh developments in deepening military cooperation between South Korea and Poland. About 30 Korean arms manufacturers have attended to make it the largest presence of the Korean defence industry at any one overseas event. Attendance by DAPA Minister Seok Jong-gun underlines the importance of such collaboration. During a series of high-level meetings, Seok asked Polish officials to conclude contracts for more K2 Black Panther tanks by addressing production, technology transfer, and maintenance issues. He added that signing the implementation contract was agreed to be concluded promptly to meet Poland’s military timeline: “We agreed that the prompt conclusion of the execution contract is necessary.” The exposition cements recent large arms deals between the two countries, such as the USD 1.6 billion Chunmoo rocket systems purchase made by Poland and prior orders for K2 tanks, rocket launchers, and the K9 howitzer. Poland will purchase an additional 180 K2 tanks, part of which will be made in the country. South Korea is also planning to purchase some 200 Polish drones, whose performance has been tested in Ukraine. (Anna J Park, “Korea's defense procurement chief attends Polish defense expo,” The Korea Times, 05 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 05 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 164
Russia procured 16,500 containers of ammunition from North Korea, reports The Korea Times
On 04 September, The Korea Times reported on a US official statement, he said: “Russia has secured more than 16,500 containers of munitions and related materiel from North Korea since September last year, a U.S., in yet another sign of deepening military cooperation between Moscow and Pyongyang.” The call from the official came after Washington began working with allies to prevent arms transactions between the North and Russia amid its security concerns over the Korean Peninsula and Europe. The deputy assistant secretary of state for Korea Robert Koepcke said: “since September of last year, Russia has procured over 16,500 shipping containers of munitions and munitions-related materiel from DPRK, referring to North Korea by its official name, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea. These arms transfers constitute clear violations of multiple U.N. Security Council resolutions.” Additionally, he stated that Pyongyang is in the hunt for military assistance from Russia, accepting fighter aircraft, surface-to-air missiles, armoured vehicles, ballistic missile production equipment and other materials. He further voiced that the door for a dialogue with North Korea is still open. Furthermore, he said: “Advancing regional and global peace and security means we are open to discussing security issues, as well as human rights and humanitarian issues, including family reunifications or inclusion and accessibility for persons with disabilities. But as long as the North refuses to engage in dialogue and continues to carry out provocations, the U.S. will be compelled to take steps to protect itself and its allies.” (“Russia has procured over 16,500 containers of munitions, related materiel from N. Korea since last Sept.: US official,” The Korea Times, 05 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 04 September 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 163
Korean Vice Foreign Minister held talks with US counterpart to discuss North Korea, reports The Korea Times
On 04 September, The Korea Times reported that Korean Vice Foreign Minister Kim Hong-kyun met with US Deputy Secretary of State Kurt Campbell for a bilateral alliance discussion. Both countries discussed efforts to prevent North Korea's military threats, popularly known as the Extended Deterrence Strategy and Consultation Group (EDSCG). During the National Liberation Day of Korea, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated South Korea's unification doctrine and reaffirmed the United States support for Yoon's serious and sustained diplomatic move with North Korea. Additionally, they also agreed to discuss high-level talks on closer coordination to implement key outcomes, fostering their bilateral and trilateral summits with Japan. (“Vice FM Kim holds talks with US counterpart Campbell ahead of NK deterrence dialogue,” The Korea Times, 04 September 2024)
  
Poland UAVs to support South Korean military against North Korea reports The Korea Times
On 04 September, The Korea Times reported that an analyst said: “The South Korean military is set to purchase Polish loitering munitions within this year, a move experts believe will significantly bolster the nation's ability to counter North Korea's purported suicide drones. The Polish drones, proven effective on the battlefield in Ukraine against Russian forces, could be a game changer in airborne warfare.” According to Military sources, the Ministry of National Defence gave a request to acquire military drones to the Defence Acquisition Program Administration (DAPA), subsequently, planning to announce a bid. The DAPA stated on a South Korean delegate’s visit to Warsaw to inspect the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and measure their correctness. During late August, Pyongyang conducted performance tests of suicide drones, by hitting a target resembling South Korean K-2 battle tanks, apparently the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, ordered fast expansion in the production of these drones to enhance the country’s military stability. Furthermore, a military expert at the Korea Research Institute for National Strategy Kim Dae-young said: “North Korea's drones seem to be in the developmental stage, requiring performance enhancements. Plus, mass production of these drones could be challenging for the resource-scarce country. But Polish drones have demonstrated their effectiveness in the Ukraine war.” (“S. Korea to buy Polish UAVs to counter NK's suicide drone threats,” The Korea Times, 04 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 03 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 162
Climate change affects napa cabbage growth the main ingredient for Kimchi, reports The Korea Times
On 03 September, The Korea Times reported that napa cabbage farming used for pickles is being affected by temperature rise. Napa cabbage blooms in low-temperature regions and is normally planted in mountainous regions Studies state that climate change is now a threat to these crops, and Korea might lose the cultivation of napa cabbage one day due to the increasing heat. Plant pathologist and virologist Lee Young-gyu said: “We hope these predictions don’t come to pass, Cabbage likes to grow in cool climates and adapts to a very narrow band of temperatures and the optimal temperatures are between 18 and 21 degrees.” According to the Rural Development Administration, the changes in the environment have framed that the farmland would shrink in the next 25 years to just 44 hectares, with no possibility of growing cabbage. Additionally, Researchers state that a fungal infection fades the plant and creates unrest among the farmers because it is evident only during the time of harvest. A farmer named Kim Si-gap fears these varieties of cabbage will be more expensive to cultivate and lose their taste. He further said: “When we see the reports that there will come a time in Korea when we can no longer grow cabbage, it was shocking on the one hand and also sad at the same time, Kimchi is something we can not have on the table. What are we going to do if this happens?” (“Kimchi no more? Climate change puts Korea's beloved cabbage dish at risk,” The Korea Times, 03 September 2024)

Korea Reader | 02 September 2024, Monday  | Vol.1 No. 161
Health minister concerned over hospital emergency rooms amid trainee doctor’s walkout reports The Korea Times
On 02 September, The Korea Times reported on Health Minister Cho Kyoo-hong’s concern about hospital emergency rooms and the potential disruption of emergency care due to a prolonged walkout by trainee doctors. Cho said: “Although there are some difficulties, we believe that emergency rooms are capable of maintaining operations, the issues extend beyond emergency rooms to follow-up treatments, which were present even before the walkout by the medical community. This can be addressed through medical reform.” He further stated that the increase in the medical school quota for 2026, will also delay achieving a balance between the supply and demand for doctors. The government has already finalized a plan to increase the medical school next year to address the shortage of doctors in essential services. Additionally, he said: “Accepting (the proposal for delay) is not an option, as it could cause significant disruption to efforts aimed at bolstering essential medical services and improving regional health care and the government is open to negotiating with the medical community should they come up with a reasonable solution.” (“Health minister seeks to soothe concerns over hospital emergency rooms,” The Korea Times, 02 September 2024)