Photo : RNZ

Kiribati’s democracy in danger as ruling party tightens control, says an editorial in RNZ

China Reader Daily Wire | 24 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 180
Kiribati’s democracy in danger as ruling party tightens control, says an editorial in RNZ
On 24 September, an editorial in RNZ reported that Kiribati’s political situation is undergoing an alarming shift, with opposition leader Tessie Lambourne warning about one-party rule. The presidential election, which is to be held soon, has already acquired democratic credibility by featuring all four contestants from the ruling Tobwaan Kiribati Party (TKP). Criticising this development, Lambourne who is prohibited from contesting, said: "It seems that Kiribati is now a one-party state, and her people are suffering as a result.” She highlights the deterioration of basic services and institutions under the TKP’s eight years, stating that it was a “sad time for Kiribati and her people”. The parliamentary manoeuvre denied voters a diverse choice, with Lambourne asserting that the Maneaba, not the citizens, predetermined the next Beretitenti. This unprecedented situation raises serious questions about the future of the very democracy and governance that Kiribati has known during its 45 years of independence as a sovereign nation. (Don Wiseman, “Tessie Lambourne claims Kiribati 'now a one-party state', aims at Taneti Maamau's leadership,” RNZ, 24 September 2024)
 
Fiji reveals its foreign policy White Paper highlight “Ocean of Peace” initiative
On 23 September, Fiji introduced its inaugural Foreign Policy White Paper, outlining its approach to international relations for the coming decade. Addressing a ceremony, Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka stated that the document has important relevance for answering the complex foreign policy challenges facing Fiji and the “Ocean of Peace” initiative of the nation. This comprehensive blueprint on the Pacific is aimed at Fiji’s development plan and a security review that targeted the region specifically. On shifting global dynamics, Rabuka touched on the shift from a US-led order to a multipolar world. He talked about rising US-China competition in the Indo-Pacific, noting that “The stakes are high. There are significant risks of miscalculation.” The document is structured into eight chapters and examines the necessary dimensions, including sovereignty, security, climate change, and bilateral relationships. This will chart Fiji’s foreign policy direction and take account of the intricate interplay between domestic and international affairs. This strategy places the country well to navigate modern geopolitics and keep its interests and values safe on the world stage. (“Fiji launches white paper on foreign policy,” RNZ, 24 September 2024)
 
Former Fiji’s Prime Minister is held hostage, reports RNZ
On 23 September, RNZ reported on the First Indo-Fijian prime minister of Fiji being held hostage in George Speight's 2000 coup. A radically motivated group Speight took control of the government in 2000 and Former Prime Minister of Fiji, Mahendra Chaudhry as hostage for fifty-six days. Chaudhry said: “What has been done for the victims of the coup, who have been waiting 24 years for justice? Now that Speight is free, I hope he enlightens us as to who was really behind the coup because he said he was just the frontman.” Additionally, the Fiji Corrections Service (FCS) said: “that psychological and judicial assessments were also reviewed, with the FCS supporting his reintegration into society. The commission recommended that the President grant mercy to Mr Speight...in recognition of his rehabilitation and the length of time he has spent in prison.” Furthermore, Speight had applied for a presidential pardon under a mercy raising for his release from prison after serving more than 20 years of a life sentence and pleaded guilty to treason and later commuted to life imprisonment. However, he was found guilty of the mutiny at the Queen Elizabeth Barracks. In addition, Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka a former coup leader voiced out that a pardon for Speight would be dangerous. (“Fiji coup hostage concerned about mercy release of George Speight,” RNZ, 24 September 2024)
 
Two men killed in the police operation New Caledonia reports The Guardian
On 20 September, The Guardian reported on the killing of two men in New Caledonia during a police operation to detain activists suspected of involvement in the deadly unrest in May.  French authorities in New Caledonia announced an extended curfew and banned gatherings and travel across the archipelago from 6 pm to 6 am for fearing any protest by the Indigenous Kanak people. The latest violence began on 13 May in response to attempts by President Emmanuel Macron’s government to amend the French constitution and change voting lists in New Caledonia in an attempt to marginalise Kanaks. Additionally, Macron declared a state of emergency two days later, by enforcing 3,500 troops to help police settle the unrest. However, thirteen people, mostly Kanaks, died in the protest including two security personnel. Furthermore, the Field Action Coordination Unit organised peaceful rallies in New Caledonia against French authorities' voting reform backed by Paris, but the reform has now alienated Macron’s new prime ministerial candidate Michel Barnier to form a government following convincing legislative elections. (“New Caledonia police kill two in operation linked to deadly unrest, prosecutor says,” The Guardian, 24 September 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 23 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 179
Australian PM confident of AUKUS support to continue under any US government, reports Reuters
On 21 September, Reuters reported that the Prime Minister of Australia, Anthony Albanese had stated he was confident the AUKUS defence pact would continue to be supported by any future US government. Albanese made the remarks after a meeting with the President of the United States, Joe Biden. The Australian Prime Minister’s Office stated that bilateral cooperation across defence and security, including in the Indo-Pacific was discussed during the meeting between Albanese and Biden. The Prime Minister’s Office also stated that both leaders had reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing AUKUS partnership; and welcomed the significant progress made this year such as in building Australia’s capabilities to operate its fleet of nuclear-powered submarines from the early 2030s. According to the statement, both leaders also noted the ongoing and bipartisan support for AUKUS across the alliance. AUKUS was formed in 2021 to address joint concerns over the growing power of China; and is designed to allow the Government of Australia to acquire advanced weapons like nuclear-powered attack submarines and hypersonic missiles. ( “Australia PM confident of AUKUS support under any ‘future US administration’,” Reuters, 21 September 2024)
 
Porgera violence spurs and PNG demands for change, reports RNZ
On 20 September, RNZ reported that there had been demands for systematic changes in Papua New Guinea, following tribal violence in Porgera which left at least 32 people dead. Local police informed rival clan leaders in the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea had agreed to cease fighting and engage in peace talks. The acting Police Commissioner, Joseph Tondop stated leaders on both sides had been convinced independent investigators outside Porgera would conduct a full investigation. Tondop also stated the ceasefire was good news for ordinary citizens threatened by violence. A member of the Parliament of Papua New Guinea, Dan Polye stated the local-level government system in Porgera had collapsed; and this was a failure of systematic and systemic leadership. According to Polye, the significant deficiencies in leadership and governance could be addressed properly by implementing governmental policies from the national level down to the provincial and local levels. A key point mentioned by Polye was that the existing governance system in Papua New Guinea needed to be overhauled; so that the attitude of citizens changed and they developed a sense of tolerance towards each other. Polye stated that the collapse of the public service system had led to systematic failures of capacity, upskilling, and management; abilities which were required on the ground to manage issues. Polye also stated that citizens needed to be evacuated away from Special Mining Lease(SML) areas to ensure there was no illegal mining that contributed towards tribal rivalries. (“Big changes sought in wake of Porgera violence,” RNZ, 20 September 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 21 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 178
Australian PM confident of AUKUS support to continue under any US government, reports Reuters
On 21 September, Reuters reported that the Prime Minister of Australia, Anthony Albanese had stated he was confident the AUKUS defence pact would continue to be supported by any future US government. Albanese made the remarks after a meeting with the President of the United States, Joe Biden. The Australian Prime Minister’s Office stated that bilateral cooperation across defence and security, including in the Indo-Pacific was discussed during the meeting between Albanese and Biden. The Prime Minister’s Office also stated that both leaders had reaffirmed their commitment to the ongoing AUKUS partnership; and welcomed the significant progress made this year such as in building Australia’s capabilities to operate its fleet of nuclear-powered submarines from the early 2030s. According to the statement, both leaders also noted the ongoing and bipartisan support for AUKUS across the alliance. AUKUS was formed in 2021 to address joint concerns over the growing power of China; and is designed to allow the Government of Australia to acquire advanced weapons like nuclear-powered attack submarines and hypersonic missiles. ( “Australia PM confident of AUKUS support under any ‘future US administration’,” Reuters, 21 September 2024)
 
Porgera violence spurs and PNG demands for change, reports RNZ
On 20 September, RNZ reported that there had been demands for systematic changes in Papua New Guinea, following tribal violence in Porgera which left at least 32 people dead. Local police informed rival clan leaders in the Enga Province of Papua New Guinea had agreed to cease fighting and engage in peace talks. The acting Police Commissioner, Joseph Tondop stated leaders on both sides had been convinced independent investigators outside Porgera would conduct a full investigation. Tondop also stated the ceasefire was good news for ordinary citizens threatened by violence. A member of the Parliament of Papua New Guinea, Dan Polye stated the local-level government system in Porgera had collapsed; and this was a failure of systematic and systemic leadership. According to Polye, the significant deficiencies in leadership and governance could be addressed properly by implementing governmental policies from the national level down to the provincial and local levels. A key point mentioned by Polye was that the existing governance system in Papua New Guinea needed to be overhauled; so that the attitude of citizens changed and they developed a sense of tolerance towards each other. Polye stated that the collapse of the public service system had led to systematic failures of capacity, upskilling, and management; abilities which were required on the ground to manage issues. Polye also stated that citizens needed to be evacuated away from Special Mining Lease(SML) areas to ensure there was no illegal mining that contributed towards tribal rivalries. (“Big changes sought in wake of Porgera violence,” RNZ, 20 September 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 20 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 177
Fighting groups in PNG agree to peace talks, reports RNZ
On 20 September, RNZ reported that fighting group leaders in Papua New Guinea's Enga province have accepted peace talks after revenge killings among local terrorists occurred. Police commissioner Joseph Tondop said: “This is good news for innocent citizens, non-citizens, and business operators, who felt threatened as hundreds of gunmen fought in dense bush, both leaders that independent investigators outside of Porgera will conduct a full investigation and take appropriate action against the offenders based on what they find and mediation would not stop police investigations into crimes committed.” Don Polye who has been in the PNG parliament since 2002 stated that there are great lags in the leadership and governance which had to be addressed initially. He also stated that the ongoing tensions are due to the failure of systematic leadership and said: “For instance, when the sense and policy of government are implemented, it must be delivered from the national government, public service system to the provincial administration, provincial government system, and then that must be aligned down to the local level government system, which is the third tier and that has not been existing. In my opinion, the public service system has collapsed.” Furthermore, Polye raised an important issue stating that a change of attitude among people must be developed; a universal renovation of the governance system in Papua New Guinea because of the law-and-order issues in Porgera and the tolerance for accepting a change or good is low. (“Big changes sought in wake of Porgera violence,” RNZ, 20 September 2024)

China Reader Daily Wire | 19 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 176
Seven PIF members oppose UN resolution to end Israel's unlawful presence in Palestine, reports RNZ
On 19 September, RNZ reported on Seven PIF members opposing the Palestinian-drafted resolution demanding "Israel bring to an end without delay its unlawful presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory end...within 12 months.” The United Nations General Assembly significantly voted for the resolution, with 124 countries voting in favour of the resolution and a few countries like Fiji, Nauru, the Federated States of Micronesia, Papua New Guinea, Palau, Tuvalu, and Tonga voting against it with forty-three countries abstaining the resolution presses Israel to abide by international law and withdraw its military forces, immediately from occupied land, and dismantle the separation wall inside the occupied West Bank. Foreign Minister Winston Peters said: “New Zealand's yes vote is fundamentally a signal of our strong support for international law and the need for a two-state solution. New Zealand held concerns about aspects of the text of the resolution. This resolution was not perfect, and New Zealand has explained clearly at the United Nations...our reservations with aspects of the text. For example, the resolution's 12-month timeframe for Israeli withdrawal from the occupied Palestinian Territory is frankly unrealistic. We are also disappointed that the resolution goes beyond what was envisaged in the advisory opinion in some respects.” (“UN outliers: 7 Pacific states vote against a resolution to end Israel's 'unlawful presence' in Palestine,” RNZ, 19 September 2024)
 
Papua New Guinea tribal violence leaves at least 30 dead, reports ABC news
On 17 September, an opinion in ABC News titled “Tribal violence in Papua New Guinea leaves at least 30 dead as state of emergency declared near Porgera gold mine,” looked into Papua New Guinea's highland shooting between the tribal warriors claiming the lives of thirty people. Police Commander Joseph Tondop said: “that peace talks failed and the situation spiralled into intense tribal fighting that saw 300 shots fired on Sunday alone and at least 30 men had been killed across the rival clans and hundreds of women and children displaced, with many homes burned to the ground while two officials were also killed while waiting for a lift home after work.” Additionally, the United Nations humanitarian advisor for PNG, Mate Bagossy said: “the number of those killed is likely up to 50 people and Some security forces have started moving in … so it remains to be seen what effect this will have.” Human rights activist Cressida Kuala stated only a few authorised personnel can go beyond and take care of mining properties and government properties and not all, Ms Kuala stated that people were victims of a conflict between parties and they did not have any connection with any political party. Furthermore, the Member of Parliament for Kandep and highlands spokesman Don Polye said: “a two-month state of emergency was needed across all of Enga province to address tribal violence and illegal mining, which he said was a major cause of the conflict at Porgera mine and also called on perpetrators of the violence to urgently end the fighting, the use of modern weaponry had made the province's tribal fighting more deadly and called the speed of destruction taking place unprecedented. It is going to continue if people do not lay down their arms.” Pope Francis who visited Papua New Guinea in the early August of this year also urged to stop the ongoing violence. (“Tribal violence in Papua New Guinea leaves at least 30 dead as state of emergency declared near Porgera gold mine,” ABC News, 18 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 18 September 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 175
MNRE and SPREP assess Samoa's environmental conditions, reports RNZ
On 18 September, RNZ reports on an assessment of Samoa's environmental conditions by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (MNRE) in collaboration with the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). The report categorizes five primary drivers promoting environmental change in Samoa: increasing population, climate change, sea levels, and increased natural disasters which exacerbate environmental challenges and have significant environmental pressures in climate variability, waste generation, agriculture, and the spread of invasive species. Additionally, the reports emphasise several areas requiring improvements like application of management plans and enforcement of environmental legislation which is a major challenge due to limited resources and recycling needs to be strengthened to extend the life expectancy of waste management amenities and mitigate environmental influences. The report also underlines the importance of a sector-wide approach to environmental issues facing the nation. (“Samoa's population puts pressure on natural resources,” RNZ, 18 September 2024)
 
Papua New Guinea tribal violence leaves at least 30 dead, reports ABC news
On 17 September, an opinion in ABC News titled “Tribal violence in Papua New Guinea leaves at least 30 dead as state of emergency declared near Porgera gold mine,” looked into Papua New Guinea's highland shooting between the tribal warriors claiming the lives of thirty people. Police Commander Joseph Tondop said: “that peace talks failed and the situation spiralled into intense tribal fighting that saw 300 shots fired on Sunday alone and at least 30 men had been killed across the rival clans and hundreds of women and children displaced, with many homes burned to the ground while two officials were also killed while waiting for a lift home after work.” Additionally, the United Nations humanitarian advisor for PNG, Mate Bagossy said: “the number of those killed is likely up to 50 people and Some security forces have started moving in … so it remains to be seen what effect this will have.” Human rights activist Cressida Kuala stated only a few authorised personnel can go beyond and take care of mining properties and government properties and not all, Ms Kuala stated that people were victims of a conflict between parties and they did not have any connection with any political party. Furthermore, the Member of Parliament for Kandep and highlands spokesman Don Polye said: “a two-month state of emergency was needed across all of Enga province to address tribal violence and illegal mining, which he said was a major cause of the conflict at Porgera mine and also called on perpetrators of the violence to urgently end the fighting, the use of modern weaponry had made the province's tribal fighting more deadly and called the speed of destruction taking place unprecedented. It is going to continue if people do not lay down their arms.” Pope Francis who visited Papua New Guinea in the early August of this year also urged to stop the ongoing violence. (“Tribal violence in Papua New Guinea leaves at least 30 dead as state of emergency declared near Porgera gold mine,” ABC News, 18 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 17 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 174
US passes bill for Pacific Island development, reports RNZ
On 17 September, RNZ reported on the bill passed by the United States House of Representatives to develop a Pacific Partnership strategy. If the bill is passed into law the President and the Secretary of State will develop and submit a strategy titled Strategy for Pacific Partnership. Hawai'i representative Ed Case sponsored the bill and stated that the bill aims to strengthen US partnership with the Pacific nations.  He further said: “It is crucial that the United States continues to extend our hand of full partnership in assisting the countries of the Pacific to meet these challenges, as we have for generations. Our bill...advances these goals. It acknowledges that the United States should support the vision, values, and objections of the Pacific Islands.” Additionally, according to RNZ American Samoa representative Aumua Amata Coleman Radewagen criticized the bill saying that the bill is only focused on three Pacific Island countries, but 11 other countries need to benefit. Furthermore, the Pacific Partnerships Bill also has diplomatic protections for the Pacific Islands Forum which requires the President to report to Congress on the implementation of the strategy and the President must coordinate with the allies of the Pacific region. (“US House passes bill on presidential Pacific plan,” RNZ, 17 September 2024)
 
South African company bids for Caledonia’s nickel mining plant, reports RNZ
On 17 September, RNZ reported that a South African company is becoming a possible bidder in New Caledonia's Prony Resources. Similar to the other two major mining plants and smelters in New Caledonia, Prony Resources is suffering due to Indonesia’s emergence as a major player and Caledonia's violent unrest in May. Prony Resources attempted to find a company to take over its shares worth 19 per cent held by Swiss trader Trafigura, recently described as a seriously interested buyer. Southern Province President Sonia Backès hinted that one buyer has been found as a bidder to successfully reach the advanced stages in the bidding process. The bidder would be able to take a share worth 19 per cent from Swiss trader Trafigura and another share from the Southern Province, reaching 74 per cent. Additionally, Okelani Group One (OGO), along with three local partners stated the offer could come around the project with a different business model and said: “have made an offer to KNS's majority shareholder SMSP (Société Minière du Sud Pacifique, New Caledonia's Northern province financial arm), and NC la 1ère much depended on what Glencore intended to do with the staggering debt of some US$13.7 billion which KNS had accumulated over the past ten years.” (“South African company Sibaneye-Stillwater eyes New Caledonia nickel mining plant,” RNZ, 17 September 2024)
 
Papua New Guinea celebrates 49 years of independence
On 16 September, RNZ reported on 49 years of independence of Papua New Guinea from Australia. Prime Minister James Marape said: “[In] 1975, Papua New Guinea raised its flag and took its place among the sovereign nations of the world.” Papua New Guinea's High Commissioner to New Zealand Sakias Tameo said: “The birth of the country is very important to Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guineans will be celebrating in red and yellow colours throughout Papua New Guinea. It's a great day.” Additionally, Papua New Guinea has over 800 languages and the people who fought for independence travelled and studied abroad and understood the process of decolonization in Africa, unfortunately, according to RNZ the people back in PNG could not understand the concept of independence. Furthermore, Marape said: “Poverty, inequality, corruption, and service delivery challenges continue to test us as a nation. However, each challenge is also an opportunity opportunity to do better, to serve our people more effectively, and to chart a brighter course for future generations. In the coming year, we will face challenges, but I am confident that if we remain united, focused, and committed to the vision of our forefathers, we will overcome them and continue to build a nation that our children and grandchildren will be proud of James Marape. (“Papua New Guinea celebrates 49th Independence Anniversary,” RNZ, 17 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 16 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 173
Cyber-attack against the secretary general of the Pacific Islands Forum, reports RNZ
On 16 September, RNZ reported on a cyber-attack against the secretary general of the Pacific Islands Forum. The Secretary-General Baron Waqa said: “There was indeed a cyber security incident here this year and the threat had been isolated but his team does not yet know who was behind it. The forensic report is being finalized, and until it is finalized, we don't know who the threat actor is. [It] occurred early in the year, around about February, and they've been working hard, basically around the clock, to try and resolve the problem. China is to blame; these are accusations and will wait for the final report before making any assertions.” However, China denied its involvement. China's Foreign Ministry spokesperson Mao Ning said: “the claim aims to drive a wedge between regional countries and China.” Additionally, Waqa stated that there are several such allegations and acquisitions but the final reports would keep Fiji out of accusations or criminals. Furthermore, he said: “Once that report is done, we will have to furnish it back to all our members first, and how we proceed after that will depend on their decision.” (“Forum secretary-general confirms cyber-attack against Fiji offices,” RNZ, 16 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 14 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 172
Taneti Maamau likely to be re-elected as Kiribati President, reports RNZ
On 14 September, RNZ reported the incumbent President of Kiribati, Taneti Maamau was likely to win the election for another term. The ruling Tobwaan Kiribati Party (TKP) used its numbers to name the only candidates for the presidential election. Besides Maamau, the candidates for the election are Bauntaake Beia, Riteta Iorome, and Kaotitaake Kororia. A lack of votes prevented the leader of the opposition in the last parliament Tessie Lambourne and a new Member of Parliament from Tarawa, Birimwake Tekanene from being chosen as candidates for the election. On 13 September, the new Parliament of Kiribati sat for the first time after the election. The new Speaker elected was Willie Tokataake, the former Minister for Infrastructure and Sustainable Energy ( Don Wiseman, “Taneti Maamau in pole position to be president again as Kiribati’s lawmakers choose speaker,” RNZ, 14 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 13 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 171
Late Maori king’s legacy of giving whales personhood to be honoured, reports RNZ
On 13 September, RNZ reported the call of the late Maori King or Kiingi, Tuheitia to give personhood to whales would be honoured. Earlier this year, Maori and Pacific leaders signed a declaration named He Whakaputanga Moana which provided whales with rights like freedom of movement, a healthy environment, and the restoration of their populations. The King himself had stated that pollution and ship strikes were posing a challenge to the environment. Residents from the island group of Vava’u in Tonga stated the King’s order would be obeyed, and the whales would be protected. A close advisor to the King, Rahui Papa stated the Pacific Ocean and the whales were like a connector, something Kiingi Tuheitia had maintained always. He also stated the ancestral intelligence of the residents could help guide them towards solutions for problems like climate change and whale protection. The Director of the Destination Development Division of the Ministry of Tourism of Tonga, Anthony Cocker stated whale watching was the “pearl of Tonga”, and residents had a close connection with whales. An enforcement officer for whale watching, Sulisi Ofa stated whales were a source of income now rather than a source of food. The words of Kiingi Tuheitia that the protection of whales was for the benefit of the future generations, made it more essential for residents, that whales be protected. ( Lydia Lewis, “Personhood for whales: ‘A legacy’ of late Kiingi Tuheitia,” RNZ, 13 September 2024)
 
Australia & The Pacific Reader | 12 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 170
5 per cent fine against firms for failing to prevent the spread of misinformation, reports Japan Today
On 12 September, Japan Today reported on Australia’s fine of 5 per cent of their global revenue for failing to prevent the spread of online fabrication of information. The government said: “would make tech platforms set codes of conduct governing how they stop dangerous falsehoods spreading, to be approved by a regulator. The regulator would set its standard if a platform failed to do so, then fine companies for non-compliance.” The bill is already a part of Australia’s regulatory crack-down, where its leaders have complained over domicile issues of bypassing the country’s sovereignty. Facebook owner Mark Zuckerberg stated that it may block news content if asked to pay royalties. Additionally, Communications Minister Michelle Rowland said: “Misinformation and disinformation pose a serious threat to the safety and wellbeing of Australians, as well as to our democracy, society and economy. Doing nothing and allowing this problem to fester is not an option. The new bill specified the media regulator would not have the power to force the takedown of individual pieces of content or user accounts. The new version of the bill protected professional news, artistic and religious content, while it did not protect government-authorized content.” The opposition Home Affairs spokesman James Paterson said: “that while he had yet to examine the revised bill, "Australians' legitimately held political beliefs should not be censored by either the government or by foreign social media platforms.” (“Australia introduces bill to step up fight against hate crimes,” JAPAN TODAY, 12 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 11 September 2024, Wednesday  | Vol.1 No. 169
The New Zealand Governor-General is the new moderator for Bougainville’s independence negotiations, reports RNZ
On 11 September, RNZ reported on naming former New Zealand Governor-General, Sir Jerry Mateparae, to resolve Bougainville's urge for independence. Bougainville wishes for its independence by 2027 and still waiting for its independence referendum tabled in the PNG parliament. Both governments of Bougainville and Papua New Guinea said: “During our discussion, we agreed that the scope of the moderator should be broadened and be as flexible as required. We have conveyed our request directly to Sir Jerry. There is an administrative process to follow but we look forward to working closely with Sir Jerry and the UN in supporting our two governments in navigating a mutually successful conclusion to the Bougainville peace process.” (“Bougainville and PNG confirm Sir Jerry Mateparae as moderator,” RNZ, 11 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 10 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 168
Ecocide proposed to be recognised as a crime, says an opinion in The Guardian
On 10 September an opinion in The Guardian titled “Pacific islands submit court proposal for recognition of ecocide as a crime,” looked into plans taken by three countries to counter climate change and environmental destruction by making ecocide a punishable offence. Vanuatu, Fiji and Samoa have defined the ecocide as unlawful acts. The proposal was tabled in the International Criminal Court facing strong opposition. An international lawyer Philippe Sands said: “The only question is when, I was sceptical at first, but now I am a true believer. There has already been real change, as some countries have put it in domestic law. I think this is the right idea at the right time.” The Stop Ecocide International campaigning group founder Jojo Mehta said: “Once it’s on the timetable of the ICC, it has to be discussed. Up to now, member states have not been obliged to address the issue.” According to Mehta there has been an incline in the progress of awareness of the threat of climate,” she said. “People are saying that this much harm to the planet is just not acceptable,” furthermore, sand stated that to change the treaty the ICC must recognise ecocide, he said: “You need a change to the statute, that’s fundamental, the ICC can’t deal with this in a meaningful sense without that.” (“Pacific islands submit court proposal for recognition of ecocide as a crime,” The Guardian, 10 September 2024)

New Zealand governor-general chosen for Bougainville independence negotiations, reports ABC
On 10 September, ABC reported on the help resolve the standoff over Bougainville’s political future. Both Papua New Guinea and the Bougainville authorities announced Sir Jerry Mateparae, the former New Zealand governor-general as the moderator. Professor Reagen said: “Jerry got runs on the board in that process of assisting and resolving difficult issues … there's a feeling that he has the standing in the eyes of people as well.” ABG President Ishmael Toroama stated that it would be very shameful if PNG's parliament failed to validate the result, despite the overwhelming response it had. He further said: “The sentiment of the people, if [the political solution] sits properly within that space, I think they will accept [it], But if it does not fit well into that space, then you will see people revolt.” Additionally, Professor Regan stated that Jerry could play a big role by negotiating an agreement between parties, he further said: “Then the moderator will be playing a significant role in what is, internationally, a most unusual situation of such a high vote for independence … not to be binding. There is a very unusual process now, since 2019, of trying to reach agreement on what happens after such a strong expression [of desire for independence] that is not binding.” Furthermore, a spokesperson from New Zealand Foreign Minister Winston Peters said: “they welcomed indications Sir Jerry Mateparae is the preferred United Nations moderator, to assist the governments of Papua New Guinea and Bougainville chart a path forward for Bougainville's future. We understand there are several administrative steps to be taken before the position is confirmed.” (“Papua New Guinea selects former NZ governor-general for Bougainville independence negotiations,” ABC, 10 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 09 September 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 167
Pope departs PNG with a message to end tribal violence, reports RNZ
On 09 September, RNZ reported on Pope Francis's peace and unity message amongst the tribes of Papua New Guinea during his departure. In his first public speech, he said: “These cultural and environmental treasures represent a great responsibility and duty to the people. These are goods destined by God for the entire community. Even if outside experts and large international companies must be involved in the harnessing of these resources, it is only right that the needs of local people are given due consideration when distributing the proceeds and employing workers, to improve their living conditions.” He further stated about the worst killings in tribal conflicts from the past three years and hoped that the tribal violence would have an end which is hindering the development of Guinean citizens. He appealed to the community to end the violence and begin with cooperation for the benefit of the people and the country. The choir group coordinator Clement Kapapal said: “I am inspired. At this time, we need to stand firm in our faith. We can make mistakes. But this is also a certainty that we have to correct ourselves. When we fall, we don't remain down. What's important is we get back up.” (“Pope leaves PNG with a message of peace and encouragement to end tribal violence,” RNZ¸ 09 September 2024)

Climate change leaves future of Pacific Islands tourism ‘highly uncertain,’ says an opinion in BBC
On 08 September, an opinion piece on BBC titled “Climate change leaves future of Pacific Islands tourism 'highly uncertain,” looked into the impact of climate change on the Pacific Islands concerned over attracting tourism. The leaders of the Pacific countries have declared that climate change would be a major threat to the lives of the kith and kin of the island. The chief executive of the Pacific Tourism Organisation Christopher Cocker, said: “All islands of the Pacific are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. However, low-lying atoll countries like Tuvalu, Kiribati, the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia are more vulnerable. These islands are not only prone to inundation from rising seas, especially during king tides, but access to clean and safe drinking water is a challenge, with prolonged droughts and unpredictable rainfall patterns.” Additionally, Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology stated that there could be intense cyclones in the future, as previously with heavy storms in Tonga. Member of the New Zealand-Tonga Business Council Sione Taufa said: “We live with cyclones almost every year. I grew up there, and there were usually one or two that come in for a direct hit, but nowadays we are seeing more of those category four or five cyclones coming in much more regularly.” Marica Vakacola from the Mamanuca Environment Society stated that water security has been a primary concern of climate change threats. He added that freshwater sources are being changed to salt water and experience coral bleaching due to changing temperatures of seawater. Taufa stated that assistance provided to any lands affected by natural disasters would be welcomed. He added: “If any assistance comes we’ll be grateful for it, and if it doesn’t we’ll try our best to survive. You lean on your neighbours to help you in time of need. Most importantly, it is a trust system.” (“Climate change leaves future of Pacific Islands tourism 'highly uncertain,” BBC¸09 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 07 September 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 166
Pope Francis calls for fair treatment of Papua New Guinea workers, reports RNZ
On 07 September, RNZ reported on Pope Francis's call on workers in Papua New Guinea for fair and equal treatment, who belong to the island nations that are perhaps the global suppliers of gas, gold and other major reserves. In a speech to political authorities, the Pope said: “PNG's natural resources were destined by God for the whole community and Even if outside experts and large international companies must be involved in the harnessing of these resources, it is only right that the needs of local people are given due consideration when distributing the proceeds and employing workers, in order to improve their living conditions.”  In addition, PNG is home to gold deposits and is a global exporter of natural gas and oil. An economic update in May stated that the growth in the country was 2.7 per cent last year, subsequently, The World Bank made a statement that PNG is suffering a human capital crisis with nearly half of children showing stunted growth. Furthermore, the pope said: It was my particular hope that tribal violence will come to an end and appealed to everyone's sense of responsibility to stop the spiral of violence and instead resolutely embark on the path that leads to fruitful cooperation, calling for a definitive solution to the status of Bougainville Island.” (“Pope Francis appeals for end to tribal violence, Bougainville resolution in Papua New Guinea,” RNZ, 07 September)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 06 September 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 165
HIV/AIDS surge back in Fiji, reports East Asia Forum
On 06 September, an opinion in East Asia Forum titled “Fiji’s HIV surge stems from a funding shortfall,” looked that HIV/AIDS seemed to be back in Fiji by new infections which had been increasing by 260 per cent from 2010–2022 and a record 415 new cases in 2023 and 552 from January to June of 2024. The Fijian Health Ministry stated that the increase was due to usage of illegal drug usage, especially blue toothing and chem-sex. In contradiction to the surge due to the usage of drugs, a sudden decline in funding and research has also been a major contributor. The funding facilitated a joint technical expertise of national, regional and international partners, enforcing relevant HIV policies including the 2011 Fiji HIV decree, identifying the risk among the population and additionally funding the awareness programmes. In 2012 Fiji earned the status of upper middle-income status which had serious repercussions for its HIV/AIDS national response and became ineligible to apply for the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS and STI prevention activities. Unfortunately, the ineligibility criteria led to a drastic decline in HIV/AIDs funding from USD 2.3 million in 2011 to USD 0.4 million in 2012. In addition, Fiji’s national data from February 2024 shows a weak response to the epidemic,  the data did not have a clear picture of the current national status, while other critical data have not been updated since 2012 when the Regional Response Fund ended. Despite the circumstantial evidence of the impact of the drug crisis, studies estimated that population sizes and risky behaviours were last conducted in 2004–2008, 2011–12 and 2014. Thus making Fiji’s HIV response in 2024 inefficient. (“Fiji’s HIV surge stems from a funding shortfall,” East Asia Forum, 06 September 2024)

World Bank approves USD 68 million for Pacific Islands
On 05 September, Business Standard reported on the World Bank's approval of USD 68 million to Pacific Island nations to prevent international financial system cut-offs. The World Bank Chief Ajay Banga who was the first to visit Fiji in the past fifty years said: “The first phase is making sure we can continue to provide correspondent banking by subsidising the cost of doing so, but we have to get past the subsidy to a business rationale for it. That can only happen with scale: Together you have scale, separately it will be a problem.”  The funding included USD 9 million for each of the eight Pacific Island countries maintaining cross-border transaction service, in case the countries had to lose their bond with international banking. Furthermore, the Secretary-general of the Pacific Islands Forum Baron Waqa said: “de-banking had become a serious issue for the region, which between 2011 and 2022 lost 60 per cent of its correspondent banking relationships, where Western banks hold deposits on behalf of a local one to make payments in international currencies,” countering Waqa’s remarks Tonga's Prime Minister Siaosi Sovaleni said: “We have banks leaving some of our smaller Pacific countries because we are too small and unprofitable.” (“World Bank approves $68 mn cross-border bank lifeline for Pacific Islands,” Business Standard, 06 September 2024)

France ensures Caledonia’s economy stability by financial aid package of USD 144 million, reports RNZ
On 06 September, RNZ reported on The French government’s financial aid package of USD 144 million for New Caledonia. The main focus of the package is assisting in preventing essential services like electricity operator ENERCAL and social services from collapsing. The new financial aid would allow the necessary services to continue operating, until September. Preliminary French emergency assistance was available along with the new aid package bringing the total to USD 444 million excluding Caledonia's plagued nickel industry. However, the new package will adhere to reforms to be engaged in the most important sectors of New Caledonia, including the ENERCAL power supply company and retirement. Additionally, New Caledonia has a new Prime Minister seen as a ray of hope during the ongoing political turmoil with both pro-France and pro-independence sides struggling together. New Caledonia journalist Coralie Cochin said: “New Caledonian people hope that with Veylma Falaeo, which is not on the left side or right side, she's not independentist or non-independentist, she's really moderate in the middle, so maybe she's going to be able to bring all the politicians around the table and It's going to be very difficult, very tough because at the moment the two sides don't really want to talk.” (“France injects 130 million euros to keep New Caledonia's economy afloat,” RNZ¸ 06 September 2024)

ABG ties with MSG ahead of Papua New Guinea’s independence, reports RNZ
On 06 September, RNZ reported on the Autonomous Government of Bougainville's (ABG) importance in establishing ties with the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) ahead of Papua New Guinea’s independence. The region witnessed 97.7 per cent in favour of the 2019 independence referendum. According to the 2001 Bougainville Peace Agreement, the pact allows PNG to retain responsibilities for foreign affairs but allows the ABG to engage externally for trade.  Bougainville's President Ishmael Toroama said: “I think we start with the MSG first, we are looking to become an observer and We need countries to support us, we need to talk to those countries (ahead of independence).” In July, the ABG created the External Relations Directorate under the office of the president, welcomed by the PNG as an important step. Additionally, Papua New Guinea, the most populous Pacific island focused on intensifying US-China rivalry for its Pacific influence. The easternmost islands of Bougainville have a long-inactive Panguna mine and the world's largest copper reserves and gold making a key source for Toroama for its future economy, she further said: “They're putting money in, but it's a piecemeal package if you compare Panguna mine and what resources have been taken out. It's just nothing. You have dug that hole, you have been benefitting out of the Panguna mine.” Regarding the diaspora in the draft Bougainville constitution, Toronama said: “still a lot of work to do and time is against us for meeting a tentative December deadline for completion. The whole process for getting the constitution, that it is a platform that we will be using to declare Bougainville independence. Bougainville has been known for unilateral declarations.” (“Bougainville to ‘raise the flag’ in international push of independence plans,” RNZ, 06 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 05 September 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 164
ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific vision faces dual challenges of multilateralism and economic fragmentation, says an opinion in East Asia Forum
On 05 September, an opinion piece in the East Asia Forum stated that the ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP), which envisions a cooperative and inclusive regional architecture is encountering significant hurdles. Two major trends threatening its relevance are the rise of minilateral defence arrangements and increasing economic fragmentation. Minilateral partnerships like AUKUS and the Trilateral Security Cooperation Framework between Japan, South Korea, and the US are undermining ASEAN’s central role in regional security. These arrangements, often targeting China, contradict the AOIP’s goal of fostering dialogue and cooperation rather than rivalry. Simultaneously, economic fragmentation, driven by geopolitical tensions and protectionist measures, is reshaping trade dynamics. The IMF reports a surge in trade restrictions from under 500 in 2019 to nearly 3000 in 2023. While some Southeast Asian countries like Vietnam and Indonesia have benefited from redirected investments, the long-term consequences could be severe for the region. Economic experts warn that additional global trade restrictions could lead to a 7 per cent economic decline, equivalent to USD 7.4 trillion. This trend threatens ASEAN’s export-oriented growth strategies and undermines the vision of an inclusive regional architecture. (Abdul Rahman Yaacob and Genevieve Donnellon-May, “ASEAN’s Indo-Pacific vision in troubled waters,” Eats Asia Forum, 05 September 2024)
 
Australia & The Pacific Reader | 04 September 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 163
Papua New Guinea PM’s calls for no-confidence motion, reports RNZ
On 04 September, RNZ reported on Papua New Guinea Prime Minister James Marape's no-confidence motion presented to the speaker of the Parliament, and announcing the same on the floor. The opposition has been trying hard to file its motion since February of this year and subsequently, trying for the fifth time within the grace period and protect the government from such votes getting passed away. Additionally, the current opposition leader, Douglas Tomuriesa supported members of the opposition and filed the motion stating that the motion would now go to the Private Business Committee for which the speaker of the parliament is the chairman. Furthermore, the Gulf Governor Sir Chris Haiveta is the only member of the opposition who has also been alienated by the opposition. (“Papua New Guinea Speaker accepts motion for vote of no confidence,” RNZ, 04 September 2024)
 
Pacific Island countries now have to pay USD 60 to visit Aotearoa, reports RNZ
On 04 September, RNZ reported on a visitor fee of USD 60 to visit Aotearoa New Zealand. The International Visitor Conservation and Tourism Levy (IVL) was raised to maintain public services and tourism sites, the entry fee imposed on the island is due from October for almost triple the amount of fee imposed currently. Additionally, Australian citizens permanent residents, and most Pacific Island citizens are exempted from this scheme. New Zealand's Minister for Tourism Matt Doocey said: “This was not changed from when the previous government introduced the IVL, who is liable to pay the IVL linked to types of visas and the New Zealand Electronic Travel Authority. Visitors that are exempt from the requirement to pay the IVL therefore include New Zealand and Australian citizens and permanent residents, diplomats, and people from many Pacific Island countries.” Furthermore, the spokesperson also stated that there is a code of free movement between Australia and New Zealand which supports the Trans-Tasman Travel Arrangement. (“The Pacific Island residents who will have to pay $100 to enter New Zealand, “RNZ, 04 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 03 September 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 162
PNG welcomes Pope Francis, reports RNZ
On 03 September, RNZ reported on Pope Francis, arriving in Papua New Guinea on a three-day visit. As a part of a multi-country visit, the pope will be visiting PNG along with Indonesia, Timor-Leste, and Singapore. Maximum time would be spent in Port Moresby, and return to Vanimo on 08 September, The Australian Defence Force confirmed that they will fly the Pope. According to reports in PNG, it stated the connection was established five years ago by an Argentinian missionary working in Vanimo, who took the Catholics to Rome and met the Pope. Father Martin Prado has said: “Pope's visit is because he is returning that earlier trip to Rome, and because he identifies with places on the world's periphery.” Additionally, the President of the Catholic Bishop Conference (CBC) and Bishop of Bereina Reverend Otto Separy, said: “As PNG is a Christian country, the Pope's visit is also a spiritual visit. It's not only for the Catholics, it's for all Christians, the CBC of PNG and Solomon Islands is also selling the official Papal visit limited merchandise.” (“Pope Francis arrives in PNG on Friday,” RNZ, 03 September 2024)

Pacific Islanders plan to migrate to Aotearoa over climate change issues, reports RNZ
On 03 September, RNZ reported on the people of Pacific Island planning to migrate to Aotearoa due to climate change. World Vision advocacy and research advisor Dr Olivia Yates said: “Aotearoa's current immigration settings are not suitable for people migrating for climate-related reasons; termed climate mobility. Our immigration is set up to cater more to employment pathways than to address climate mobility. The Pacific Access Category visa provides residency to 500 people from Fiji, 150 from Kiribati, 500 from Tonga, and 250 from Tuvalu annually. Although known as a humanitarian visa, applicants must also be able to read, write, and speak English and the costs associated with securing a visa and setting up a life here are having the opposite effect of humanitarian.” During last year's Pacific Islands Forum Leaders Meeting climate mobility from the Pacific was first recognised globally, New Zealand was involved in the Regional Framework on Climate Mobility and conducted research into the scope, scale, and pace of climate mobility from the Pacific to Aotearoa. The Framework stated that people are migrating because of climate-related issues and it alarms that Pacific states need to do something to ensure its people can migrate through official pathways with security, safety, and dignity. Yates in her work collaboration with World Vision said: “New Zealand needs an official visa pathway for climate mobility that is rights-based. I'd like to see the government use a lens on all of the different groups being disproportionately impacted by climate change, like those with disabilities and women and children. Around 50 per cent of people in the Pacific are children and young people.” (“Is New Zealand’s immigration ‘set up’ to take in climate migrants from the Pacific?” RNZ, 03 September 2024)
  
Construction Union official accuses Albanese government for misconduct, reports The Guardian
On 03 September, The Guardian reported that construction union officials launched a high court challenge against the Albanese government’s law which appointed administrators to run the union following accusations of criminal misconduct. Former National President of the Construction, Forestry and Maritime Employees Union, Jade Ingham said: “There are no facts or circumstances that would justify vesting control over the property and affairs of the Queensland Northern Territory branch in the administrator,” they argue, noting that “none of the allegations” in the media related to that branch and The most important people in this are the members of the CFMEU whose voices have been excluded. Members are furious about their union being taken away from them. Their union has been stolen from them.” Further, he stated that various unions had financially supported by doing it privately. Additionally, former officials said: “They understand that this is not just about the CFMEU … This is a very dangerous precedent to set, and what the Labor party has done is given a blueprint to the conservatives of this country to attack trade unions.” Furthermore, the Australian Building and Construction Commission watchdog said: “I’m about fixing it because decent trade unionists who work to improve the wages and conditions of their fellow members … they deserve our respect. And the legitimate role of the trade union movement is undermined wherever there is corruption.” (“Former CFMEU official launches high court challenge over Albanese government law,” the Guardian, 03 September 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader| 02 September 2024, Monday  | Vol.1 No. 161
Pacific policing initiative endorsed at PIF meet, reports RNZ
On 02 September, RNZ reported on the Pacific Policing Initiative (PPI) endorsed at the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) leaders meet. Australia announced it would commit approximately 400 million Australian dollars to ensure the program delivers on the aspirations of Pacific countries and reshape the way policing across the region. Some Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) leaders have raised concerns over the fact that whether it’s truly guided by the PPI. Solomon Islands Prime Minister Jeremiah Manele said: “As a government we agree, we endorse in principle in terms of the Pacific Policing Initiative, and of course, we commend the work of the chiefs of police over the years, we also endorse, as part of developing this initiative, the importance of national consultation so that it's owned and driven by countries.” Additionally, the implementation of the initiative is being confused at the PICP meeting which has been neglected by Tonga’s Prime Minister, he further said: “the general understanding [is] they will be working to come up with an implementation plan.” (“National consultation' critical for Pacific policing initiative - Solomon Islands PM,” RNZ, 02 September 2024)
 
Bikini Islanders file a lawsuit against a US firm for mismanagement, reports RNZ
On 02 September, RNZ reported that Bikini Islanders filed a lawsuit in the United States against Arden Trust Company for the return of tens of millions of dollars lost through mismanagement. The lawsuit is seeking a court judgment that Arden breached its obligations as trustee of the two Bikini trust funds and is liable for its breach of trust. The property includes both principal's lost and lost appreciation in principal that would have been realized if the Claims Trust assets and the Resettlement Trust assets had not been wrongfully dissipated. The Kili-Bikini-Ejit lawsuit also wants a judge to order Arden to provide a complete accounting to the KBE Local Government of the use of funds from the two trust funds and points out that Arden became trustee of the Resettlement Trust on 30 November 2018, and remains trustee today. Additionally, the KBE stated that Arden was allowed to distribute only about USD 1,594,000 to the Bikinians in 2018 from the Claims Trust. Instead, disbursed nearly ten times that amount The KBE suit said: “Instead of acting as a prudent trustee and limiting requests by the beneficiaries for funds, Arden flagrantly violated the trust instruments and Congressional statutes establishing the two trusts by making extravagant disbursements, never questioning drawdown requests, never seeking accountability for or documentation of how drawdowns were disbursed, and then coercing the Council into signing an Arden-serving purported release of liability, leaving the Bikini community in severe financial distress and enduring hardship. (“Marshall Islands: Bikinians sue United States trustee bank for ‘loss’ of $90 million, RNZ, 02 September 2024)