Photo : RNZ

Solomon Island Reform Commission reviewing marriage law

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 06 December 2024, Friday | Vol.1 Nos. 230
Solomon Island Reform Commission reviewing marriage law
On 06 December, RNZ reported that the Solomon Island Reform Commission is reviewing the Islander and Divorce Act. The larger aim of the discussion is to increase the minimum marriage age to be raised from 15 to 18 years. Solomon Islands Endim Vaelens Agenstims Pikinini a collation of charities in Solomon Island found that one in five girls were married before the age of 18 in urban areas, in rural areas it is reckoned to be one in four girls. Save the Children research director Jacqui Southey expressed that: “There was consensus between children and adults, parents and community members that children's experiences should be playing with their friends, being at school, learning skills.” They also believed that children’s marrying too young can lead to larger problems like domestic violence, illiteracy, unqualified for jobs, and earning a livelihood. World Vision’s head of advocacy Rebekah Armstrong said: “We strongly urge Solomon Islands Government to listen to the voices of their people and take decisive action to protect and advocate for the best interests of children.” (“Solomon Islands marriage law under review to protect young girls,” RNZ, 06 December 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 05 December 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 Nos. 229
Vanuatu’s climate envoy disagrees with Australia demanding legal obligation by the international conventions
On 05 December, RNZ reported on Vanuatu's Special Envoy for Climate and Environment Regenvanu opposing Australia’s statement demanding to hold a legal obligation against the nation over climate change. Australia argued that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) and the Paris Agreement are the main sources of international obligation. Rengenvanu said: “These nations, some of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, have pointed to existing treaties and commitments that have regrettably failed to motivate substantial reductions in emissions.” He additionally stated that it is concerning that some of these nations do not acknowledge the severity of the crisis and responsibility. He notes: “Our dependency on their assistance makes it all the more critical for them to act responsibly and in solidarity with vulnerable nations like ours.” (“Vanuatu's climate envoy slams Australia and 'world's largest greenhouse gas emitters' at ICJ,” RNZ, 05 December 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 04 December 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 Nos. 228
Canadian company advances mining exploration in Bougainville
On 04 December, RNZ reported that Canadian company Island Passage Exploration (IPX) is progressing its mining exploration in Bougainville and Papua New Guinea. Furthermore, it is initiating the fourth phase of its program at the Isina site. By holding a 70 per cent stake in Isina Resource Holdings, IPX is systematically investigating 261 square kilometres in the Crown Prince Range near the previously shutdown Panguna mine. Initial exploration phases have revealed promising mineral deposits including gold, silver, copper, molybdenum, and base metals. The company aims to foster a peaceful and responsible approach to mineral exploration as Bougainville Copper Ltd considers reopening the Panguna mine amid ongoing environmental and human rights concerns. (“Canadian miner IPX launches new phase of exploration in Bougainville,” RNZ, 04 December 2024)
 
Controversial Papua New Guinea road project raises governance and environmental concerns, reports RNZ
On 04 December, RNZ reported that an ABC investigation uncovered complex details surrounding a USD 1.8 billion road development project in Papua New Guinea’s Western Province. Thai project linked Australian businessmen to a historical Indigenous land grab scandal. The project, announced by Prime Minister James Marape, involves constructing 600 kilometres of road through pristine rainforest, with Epoca Group Ltd at its centre. Despite government claims of economic potential, environmental groups and academics like Professor Colin Filer have expressed scepticism about the project’s feasibility and intentions. The company’s owners, Gilberto Maggiolo and Antonio Bosso, have connections to Neville Harsley, who was previously involved in a controversial land acquisition involving 2 million hectares of Indigenous customary land. Opposition leader Peter O’Neill called for a detailed investigation, questioning the project’s true motivations and potential environmental and social impacts. (Marian Faa, “Massive $1.8b project to build 600km road in PNG linked to businessman criticised in 'land grab' scandal,” RNZ, 04 December 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 03 December 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 Nos. 227
Commission of Inquiry reveals the unequal impact of Covid-19 on Indigenous communities in New Zealand
On 03 December, RNZ reported that a comprehensive Commission of Inquiry report revealed the disproportionate impact of Covid-19 on Pacific and Māori communities in New Zealand. The 700-page document highlighted systemic inequities during the pandemic, particularly in vaccine rollout and lockdown experiences. Pacific people faced significant challenges like immigration concerns, overcrowded housing, and limited digital contact tracing participation. The report critically examines the government’s response and notes that slower vaccine distribution and delayed community provider involvement contributed to higher health risks for indigenous populations. With 39 recommendations, the inquiry calls for improved pandemic preparedness, transparent communication, and equitable healthcare strategies. Health experts emphasised the urgent need for proactive leadership and anticipatory decision-making to address potential future epidemics. (Christina Persico, “Pacific people always likely to be worst-affected by pandemic - Covid inquiry,” RNZ, 03 December 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 01-02 December 2024, Sunday-Monday | Vol.1 Nos. 225-226
Tuvalu's controversial Fiji property deal with Chinese-linked businessman  
On 29 November, RNZ reported that Tuvalu purchased three properties in Fiji’s capital, Suva, from Yue Lai Hotel Company. The Yue Lai Hotel Company is owned by a businessman linked to China’s interests and named on Australia’s secret APOT list of top criminal targets, Zhao Fugang. The USD 2.7 million purchase represents 4 per cent of Tuvalu’s GDP and was finalised in June. The properties, intended as a residence for Tuvalu’s High Commissioner and an evacuation centre, were acquired without knowledge of Zhao’s alleged ties to drug smuggling, human trafficking, and money laundering. Tuvalu defended the deal as a “good investment” based on location and size. Zhao, a naturalised Fijian, denies wrongdoing, and his lawyer stated the sale complied with Fijian law. (“Tuvalu bought millions in property from Australian criminal target Zhao,” RNZ, 29 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 30 November 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 224z
Papua New Guinea faces escalating HIV crisis, says an interview in RNZ
On 30 November, an interview in RNZ stated that Papua New Guinea confronted a dire HIV situation on World AIDS Day, with 6,700 new infections last year, bringing the total estimated HIV population to 77,000. Business for Health’s Ann Clarke warns that the country has “dropped the ball” on comprehensive sexual health education. While 48,000 individuals are receiving antiretroviral therapy, only about 28,330 have achieved viral suppression. The crisis disproportionately affects diverse populations, including sex workers, LGBTQ+ communities, and workplace professionals. UNAIDS emphasised “taking the rights path,” focusing on access to testing, treatment, and workplace accommodations. Clarke stressed the importance of understanding HIV rights, warning that without proper support, businesses risk losing talented young employees to stigma and lack of healthcare access. (Don Wiseman, “PNG confronting ever higher rates of HIV infection,” RNZ, 30 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 29 November 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 223
New Caledonia’s pro-independence party charts roadmap to sovereignty
On 28 November, New Caledonia’s largest pro-independence party, the Union Calédonienne (UC), unveiled a plan for the territory’s political future. The party led by Emmanuel Tjibaou proposed a “Kanaky Agreement” by 24 September 2025 which is a symbolically significant date marking France’s 1853 annexation. The plan envisions a five-year transition period from 2025 to 2030, culminating in full sovereignty. Tjibaou emphasises the need for comprehensive negotiations with all political parties and the French State, aiming to reach an inclusive agreement by March 2025. The party seeks to reunify the pro-independence movement and continues to reference the Nouméa Accord as a foundational document. Tjibaou’s approach reflects a nuanced strategy of “interdependence,” drawing from his father Jean-Marie Tjibaou’s pragmatic independence philosophy. (Patrick Decloitre, “Pro-independence Union Calédonienne unveils plans for New Caledonia’s political future,” RNZ, 29 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 28 November 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 222
Australia's House of Representatives passed a bill to prevent 16 under kids from using social media
On 27 November, Australia’s House of Representatives passed a bill banning children younger than 16 from joining social media apps. The Senate is yet to finalize the bill, if passed the bill will affect all major social media apps. Apps like TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, Reddit, X, and Instagram will be fined AUD 50 million for preventing doing so. They will be charged under the systemic failure of curbing young children from joining the apps. If the bill is passed this week, the apps will be given a year to implement measures and policies to put in age restriction actions. The Opposition lawmaker Dan Tehan expressed that the amendment will help in protecting privacy. Critics say that legislation has been rushed and that the bill was looked at with proper scrutiny. They also believe that the ban would isolate kids and deprive them of the positive benefits of social media. (“Australia’s House of Representatives passes bill that would ban young children from social media,” Associated Press, 27 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 27 November 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 221
Australia's House of Representatives passed a bill to prevent 16 under kids from using social media
On 27 November, Australia’s House of Representatives passed a bill banning children younger than 16 from joining social media apps. The Senate is yet to finalize the bill, if passed the bill will affect all major social media apps. Apps like TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, Reddit, X, and Instagram will be fined AUD 50 million for preventing doing so. They will be charged under the systemic failure of curbing young children from joining the apps. If the bill is passed this week, the apps will be given a year to implement measures and policies to put in age restriction actions. The Opposition lawmaker Dan Tehan expressed that the amendment will help in protecting privacy. Critics say that legislation has been rushed and that the bill was looked at with proper scrutiny. They also believe that the ban would isolate kids and deprive them of the positive benefits of social media. (“Australia’s House of Representatives passes bill that would ban young children from social media,” Associated Press, 27 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 26 November 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 220
US-Fiji sign defense agreement
On 26 November, ABC News reported on the new defense pact signed between Fiji and the US.  Fiji's Prime Minister Sitiveni Rabuka and the US Defense Secretary Llyod Austin agreed on the agreement. Rabuka said: “We are here to talk about peace, and how we guard, protect, and promote that peace,” and “We all pray it's not an indication that we are looking at some dangerous years ahead.” Austin is the first US Defense Secretary to visit Fiji. The agreement announced USD 55 million to support Fiji’s military modernization and bolster bilateral cooperation. They also agreed to establish a “status of forces” agreement which would set rules to deploy US troops in Fiji. This initiative aims to pave the way for “increase joint exercises,” and military-to-military engagements, noted Rabuka. (“The US and Fiji have signed a new defense pact as tensions rise in the Pacific amid concerns about China,” ABC News, 26 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 25 November 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 219
Pacific Island countries were overlooked at COP29, says PICAN
On 25 November, the Pacific Islands Climate Action Network (PICAN) expressed that the UN again overlooked the Pacific Island climate advocacy at the COP29. PICAN said: “The richest nations turned their backs on their legal and moral obligations" as the UN meeting in Baku, Azerbaijan, fell short of expectations.” The group stated that while COP29 was farmed as finance COP but failed to deliver adequate finance policy and also stalled efforts for fossil fuel phase-out. PICAN said: “The outcomes represent a catastrophic failure to meet the scale of the crisis, leaving vulnerable nations to face escalating risks with little support.” The group also noted that the pledged finances are in the form of loans rather than grants, which would push developing countries further into debt. (“Pacific climate advocates decry COP29 outcome a failure on every front,” RNZ, 25 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 23 November 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 218
Vanuatu MPs struggle to find funding for campaigns as they face snap election
On 22 November, RNZ reported that Members of the Parliament in Vanuatu are struggling to scramble for funds as they face snap elections. This comes after Vanuatu’s President Nikenike Vurobaravu dissolved the parliament in November. The MPs are now scrambling to find funding for campaigning for snap elections. Vanuatu’s Caretaker Minister of International Affairs Andrew Napuat announced that the snap elections are scheduled for January 2025 and will be culminated no later than 18 January 2025. According to the constitution, the elections must be conducted within 30 days or more than 60 days after the dissolution of the parliament. The dissolution of the parliament has been heavily criticised due to the timing and it is the second such action in the span of two years. (“Snap Election slated for January 2025,” Daily Post, 22 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 22 November 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 217
New Zealand passes Samoan Citizenship Bill
On 21 November, RNZ reported on who is approved for the Samoa Citizenship Bill. The New Zealand’s parliament approved the bill with unanimous support. This means the Samoans who are looking for citizenship will be able to regain their status. The Samoan community was stripped away from this decades ago. The bills now allow anyone born between 1924 and 1948 to apply for citizenship. Green’s party MP Tuin said: “The bill itself got complicated because the 1982 Western Samoa Act, which removed citizenship, was a legislative response to the Privy Council (NZ's highest court at the time) case, and it followed through in the 1982 Act.” There are some other concerns regarding the bill, if the international Samona citizens will be eligible for citizenship. (Grace Tinetali-Fiavaai, “Samoa Citizenship Bill approved: Who is eligible to apply?,” RNZ, 21 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 21 November 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 216
Tinian at the centre of USD 800 million US defence build-up
On 20 November, the US is spending USD 800 million to strengthen its presence in defence on Tinian, which is part of the Northern Mariana Islands amid rising Indo-Pacific tensions. Governor Arnold Palacios stressed the need for enhancements with the region’s instability and recent missile tests by China. He said: “The best deterrent is to have a good defense and be prepared.” Tinian’s importance springs from its historical use as a World War II launch site and from its proximity to Guam, the centre of core US defence establishments. Ongoing efforts include a proposed USD 384 million rehabilitation of airfields and a USD 409 million training facility investment. The Department of Defense plans to increase its readiness by building combat training sites and port upgrades that can handle Navy vessels. Lt. Cmdr. Michelle Tucker emphasised Tinian’s strategic importance in ensuring rapid deployment and sustaining forces in a variety of environments and thus made it crucial for US defence and power projection across the Indo-Pacific. (Mar-Vic Cagurangan, “Pacific island governor backs $800m US military upgrade amid China threat,” The Guardian, 20 November 2024)

Citizenship bill restores justice for Samoans in New Zealand, says an editorial in RNZ
On 20 November, an editorial in RNZ reported that New Zealand’s Parliament approved the Citizenship Western Samoa Restoration Amendment Bill, which will provide an avenue to citizenship to Samoans who lost this right decades ago. The Green Party MP Teanau Tuiono presented the bill and has declared it to be “a significant step for Pasifika justice.” It is expected that applications will begin next week pending approval from the Governor General. The law deals with the 1982 reversal of a Privy Council decision that had upheld citizenship for Samoans born between 1924 and 1948. Former National MP Anae Arthur Anae, who led a 27-year campaign, expressed elation but said that more work is needed, particularly for descendants. Celebrations in Parliament filled with voices like those of Te Pāti Māori's Debbie Ngarewa-Packer, expressing sorrow over past injustice. Samoa’s High Commissioner to New Zealand Afamasaga Faamatalaupu Toleafoa, called it a long-overdue recognition of wrongdoing. Advocates believe this victory marks a step toward wider reparations for Samoan communities in honour of the people who fought for justice. (Grace Tinetali-Fiavaai, “'685's to the world:' Restoring Citizenship Bill passes with unanimous support,” RNZ, 20 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 20 November 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 215
Norfolk Island resists Australia’s new governance edict, says an editorial in RNZ
On 20 November, an editorial in RNZ reported that tensions remain high between Norfolk Island and the Australian Federal Government following Canberra’s announcement of a “bespoke” governance model. The former member of the Norfolk Island Governance Committee (NIGC), Alma Davidson, was disappointed at the development and said: “the Federal Government has dismissed the concerns,” raised by the island’s residents. For their part, the Norfolk islanders had expected to have a dedicated Norfolk Island Act. Instead, Canberra pushed through changes in an ordinance citing time constraints. These easily amenable Ordinances, Davidson cautioned “undermines the stability of governance and further erodes community trust.” While promising that the new assembly will run local services, Davidson stressed that the system remains one which excludes islanders from decision-making over island legislation, land use, and population issues. The federal capital claims Norfolk as “an integral part of Australia” utterly disregards community calls for a distinct legal status, which Davidson stated would build “a secure and enduring governing constitution” for the island. (“Norfolk Island official resigns in protest at Canberra governance decision,” RNZ, 20 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 19 November 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 214
Vanuatu heads to snap election 
On 18 November, Vanuatu’s President Nikenike Vurobaravu dissolved the parliament, sending the island nation towards a snap election after the opposition moved for a no-confidence vote against Prime Minister Charlot Salwai. This has come after a Cabinet recommendation was made due to defections that split political parties between government and opposition. Elections 30 to 60 days post-dissolution are constitutionally required in Vanuatu, so 18 December is the earliest possibility. A court stay on dissolution has been applied for by the opposition party. However, when they attempted such a move in 2022 it was unsuccessful. The caretaker government is now preparing constitutional amendments targeted at alleviating instability. Vanuatu’s persistent political turbulence has led to four leadership changes in as many years, intensifying governance challenges. (Koroi Hawkins, “Snap election looms in Vanuatu,” RNZ, 19 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 18 November 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 213
New Caledonia’s pro-independence movement faces growing divisions, says an editorial in RNZ
On 18 November, an editorial in RNZ reported that New Caledonia’s pro-independence front which is represented by two major pillars of UPM (Progressist Union in Melanesia) and PALIKA (Kanak Liberation Party) have distanced themselves from the FLNKS (Kanak Socialist National Liberation Front). They voiced their concerns over the direction that the movement has taken since Union Calédonienne (UC) took over its leadership. UPM has temporarily withdrawn, with Victor Tutugoro saying involvement in rioting by FLNKS undermined democratic values. PALIKA expressed a similar view, not suggesting members join FLNKS’s political bureau. In the meantime, they are prioritising “independence in partnership with France” through other political channels. UC leaders have since declared that FLNKS remains the sole legal representative of the Kanak people and reconfirmed a commitment to any form of full sovereignty. Discussions about New Caledonia’s political future will be postponed to 2025 to allow for further consensus as French lawmakers are exploring “shared sovereignty” solutions. (Patrick Decloitre, “New Caledonia’s pro-independence movement struggling to maintain united front,’ RNZ, 18 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 16 November 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 212
Vanuatu’s Speaker of Parliament accepts no confidence motion against President and Prime Minister 
On 12 November, a statement from the Speaker's office confirmed the motion of no confidence in the prime minister Charlot Salwai. However, Vanuatu’s Speaker of Parliament accepted two motions one primarily emphasising to removal of the President and the Prime Minister. Vanuatu is weighed down by political instability, with four prime ministers elected and removed in the past four years through motions of no confidence and a snap election called in 2022 after the dissolution of parliament. However, the motion against Prime Minister Charlot Salwai and Vurobaravu expires on 19 November and 21 November respectively. Vanuatu’s speaker Seoule Simeon said: “I will meet with the electoral office to make sure they can proceed with the summons of the electoral college or not and we will advise it later.” (“Critical motions': Leadership challenges loom in Vanuatu,” RNZ, 16 November 2024)

The World’s largest known coral found in the Solomon Islands 
On 16 November, The Guardian reported the discovery of the world’s largest known coral Solomon Islands with a circumference of 183 metres with a multi-coloured complex network of individual coral polyps that grew between 300 and 500 years. Scientists from the National Geographic Pristine Seas team during an expedition to the Solomon Islands discovered the extensive coral named as coral triangle. A Marine Ecologist Enric Sala said: “Just when we think there is nothing left to discover on planet Earth, we find a massive coral made of nearly 1bn little polyps, pulsing with life and colour. This is a significant scientific discovery, like finding the world’s tallest tree. But there is cause for alarm. Despite its remote location, this coral is not safe from global warming and other human threats.” The Solomon Islands Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources officer Ronnie Posala “For the people of the Solomon Islands, this mega coral discovery is monumental. It reinforces the importance of our ocean, which sustains our communities, traditions and future. Such discoveries remind us of our duty to safeguard these natural wonders, not only for their ecological value but for the livelihoods and cultural identity they provide.” (“World’s largest known coral discovered in Solomon Islands,” The Guardian, 16 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 15 November 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 211
Minister for Climate Change and National Resilience, Asterio Appi, announces Nauru’s Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Programme in COP29
On 14 November, the Minister for Climate Change and National Resilience, Asterio Appi, announced the Nauru’s Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Programme during his speech at COP29; an innovative citizenship scheme at the United Nations climate change summit. The Nauru government said: “The innovative financing initiative [offers] an opportunity for conscientious investors to acquire an additional citizenship while contributing to climate adaptation and sustainable development projects in the Pacific region.” The Pacific Islands News Association (PACNEWS) stated that the UN has continuously pressed that access to climate finance would be instrumental in enabling Small Island Developing States (SIDS). Additionally, Nauru's Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Programme Office director of compliance, Isa Seow, said: “The citizenship scheme demonstrates the island's "resilience and innovation, pioneering a unique approach to citizenship that combines economic growth with environmental stewardship. The programme, according to Seow, will offer a streamlined path to citizenship, with processing times of just three to four months.” The President of Nauru David Adeang stated that mitigating sustainability risks and enhancing climate resilience has emerged as influential due to investment migration mechanisms. (“COP29: Nauru unveils ‘groundbreaking’ citizenship by investment scheme for climate action,” RNZ, 15 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 14 November 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 210
Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs (GCC) chairman calls for constitutional reform
On 14 November, RNZ reported on Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs (GCC) chairman Ratu Viliame Seruvakula's statement, that while looking at Fiji’s 2013 Constitution, it is obvious to address the root causes of problems faced by the indigenous population. A former military official stated that changing the nation’s law would not be that easy. Fifty-one chiefs representing the county's fourteen provinces arrived at the second meeting of the year in Suva. According to the state broadcaster FBC, the agenda on the first day included discussions on the iTaukei administration review along with a feasibility study on the decentralisation of economic units and an update on the legislation that marginalises the iTaukei. The Fijian President Ratu Viliame stated that the GCC members were informed that the consequences of removing laws that they feel will marginalise the Indigenous people are not that simple. Additionally, he said: “He said several laws that directly affect the indigenous population were difficult to amend under the constitution. The Constitution is almost central to everything. Everywhere you look it goes right back into the 2013 Constitution. We need to [review it].” (“Fiji's Great Council of Chiefs chair: Constitutional reform essential to tackle indigenous issues,” RNZ, 14 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 13 November 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 209
Pacific Island countries at COP29 highlight the importance of focusing on the New Collective Quantitative Goal 
On 13 November, Report News Agency reported that the island nations of the Pacific Ocean in the COP29 climate conference highlighted the importance of focusing on the New Collective Quantitative Goal (NCQG) and government grants. A representative said: “We are here to call for trillion-scale government grants under the NCQG and dispel the myth that a just energy transition can be fully financed by the private sector.” Additionally, the NGO chair stated that the current global financing deficit has reached USD 5 trillion yearly till 2030, especially outside the OECD and China. Additionally, new associations and accomplishments like the Loss and Damage Fund require substantial grant contributions and public investments during the next COP 30 and COP 31. Furthermore, The Pacific Islands Climate Action Network representative said: “If Australia truly aspires to become a global leader in renewable energy, it must also phase out fossil fuels, Optimism persists as Global South countries demonstrate strong unity in their needs and priorities, which can foster understanding and action from developed nations.” (“Pacific islands demand fair climate approach at COP29,” Report News Agency, 13 November 2024)

Australia to maintain the bank's branches across the Pacific region
On 11 November, Australia’s last stages to maintain the bank's branches across the Pacific region, termed a diplomatic win in a region contested with China. However, several Pacific Island countries have lost access to banks and international payments as Western banks closed baking access across the region. ANZ CEO Shayne Elliott stated that the largest network in the region faced a loss while the banks held talks with the Australian government considering the forthcoming of the region. Treasurer of Australia Jim Chalmers stated that talks had reached the final stages and the deal would maintain ANZ's nine hubs in the region, including Fiji and the Cook Islands, but did not mention terms or agreement. He further said: “The deal we’re working on is another big part of our efforts to keep communities and economies connected, and finance flowing in our neighborhood.” Additionally, Beijing signed defence, trade and financial deals with Pacific island states and the Bank of China also signed an agreement with Nauru to explore future openings. (“Australia nears deal with ANZ to stop bank closures in the Pacific,” Reuters, 13 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 12 November 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 208
Pacific Island countries lose access to domestic banks and global payments due to remoteness
On 12 November, RNZ reported that Several Pacific Island countries lost access to domestic financial banks and global payments as Western banks closed branches or cut ties across the sparsely populated and remote region. ANZ Chief Executive Shayne Elliott in a statement to Reuters stated that the banks of the Pacific region weren’t making a profit while the banks held talks with the Australian government over their future. Elliott said: “The deal we're working on is another big part of our efforts to keep communities and economies connected, and finance flowing in our neighbourhood.” Additionally, Beijing signed defence, trade and financial deals with Pacific Island states and the Bank of China signed an agreement with Nauru to discover openings after an Australian bank told that it would remove its banking from the region. Furthermore, Australia held leaders and central bankers from across the region to discuss solutions, while the World Bank prepared for an emergency US dollar facility to support the region's access to trade and payments from global finance. (“Australia nears deal with ANZ to stop bank closures in the Pacific,” RNZ, 12 November 2024)
 

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 11 November 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 207
Kiribati condemns ongoing missile tests in the Pacific and urges global responsibility
On 11 November, the Kiribati government expressed serious concern over the recent intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) testing in the Pacific. This was after the United States launched an unarmed Minuteman III from Vandenberg Space Force Base. The President’s Office of Kiribati stated that the launch, which covered 4,200 miles to reach the Marshall Islands’ Reagan Test Site, was conducted with prior notice to Kiribati under the Hague Code of Conduct against Ballistic Missile Proliferation. However, the Kiribati government restated its no-compromise stance on missile tests by any nation and said: “We remain deeply concerned about the ongoing use of the Pacific Ocean for missile testing.” By calling the Pacific part of its “Blue Pacific Continent,” Kiribati appealed for an end to weapons tests and advocated for international cooperation to ensure security, stability, and environmental protection for future generations. (“Kiribati voices concern over ongoing missile testing in the Pacific Ocean,” RNZ, 11 November 2024)

Australia instated first anti-slavery commissioner to combat modern salvery, reports The Guardian
On 10 November, an editorial in The Guardian reported that Australia’s first anti-slavery commissioner, Chris Evans, will lead initiatives to combat modern slavery. This is followed by recent revelations of rampant abuse in the Pacific Australia Labour Mobility (PALM) scheme. Evans came to the department from Walk Free, after rising concerns over the exploitation of temporary migrant workers in several sectors including agriculture and meat processing. The “Be Our Guests” report published by the anti-slavery commissioner in NSW’s anti-slavery commissioner Dr James Cockayne, estimated thousands of migrant workers running a risk of falling into forced labour and debt bondage as well as human trafficking. Leaders like Fiji’s Agni Deo Singh, Samoa’s Fiamē Naomi Mata'afa, and Timor-Leste’s José Ramos-Horta have condemned abuses, but the president of Timor-Leste called for urgent reforms amid “exploitative practices”. Workers are subjected to unhealthy conditions with hundreds left in campsites without visas or support. Australia’s Employment Minister Murray Watt stated that the country knew “far too many abuses” were happening and was willing to reform the scheme to prevent further exploitation and ensure the well-being of Pacific workers. (Ben Doherty, “Former Labor senator to be Australia’s first anti-slavery commissioner,” The Guardian, 10 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 08 November 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 207
PNG to not attend Cop29
On 08 November, The Guardian reported on Papua New Guinea’s Prime Minister James Marape's announcement that PNG would not attend the CoP 29 due to the United Nations' empty promises and inaction. The inactions have prompted the civilians to migrate over the Climate Change issue on the Island. The PNG’s Foreign Minister Justin Tckatchenko confirmed that Papua New Guinea would withdraw itself from all high-level talks at the summit stating the summit it as “a total waste of time.” Papua New Guinea climate advocate Duncan Gabi stated that the citizens are living in a world affected by increasing climate devastating vulnerable nations like PNG. Both Marape and Tckatchenko criticised the CoP meetings for failing to deliver assistance to small island nations and stated that PNG is home to ten million people and the world’s third-largest expanse of rainforest which is surrounded by ocean and affected by natural disease due to insufficient actions. However, Tckatchenko later confirmed that Papua New Guinea would allow a small committee of government officials to attend the discussion, while the high-level discussion would be attended by any ministers. (“A total waste of time: why Papua New Guinea pulled out of Cop29 and why climate advocates are worried,” the Guardian, 08 November 2024)

University and research centre funded USD 3.29 million to strengthen the resilience of the Pacific
On 08 November, Relief Web reported on Pacific Island countries facing looming threats to human health due to climate change impact and lacking capacity and resourcing for coordination, documentation, and implementation of essential responses. The researchers at the University of Melbourne and the Pacific Climate Change Centre have received approximately USD 3.29 million to strengthen the resilience of the people of the Pacific over health impacts and climate change issues. Presently, the region receives less than ten per cent of multilateral global adaptation finance while health-specific projects worldwide receive less than two per cent of multilateral adaptation finance. Ms Kathryn Bowen, Professor of Environment, Climate and Global Health at the Melbourne School of Population and Global Health said: “The Pacific region is uniquely and severely susceptible to the health impacts of climate change as a result of extreme and high-impact environmental events, including tropical cyclones, drought, sea-level rise, coastal inundation and floods. Yet it is under-resourced and underrepresented in the development of international health policies and practices.” Additionally, The Pacific Climate Change Centre led by Ms Ófa Kaisamy at the Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme, stated that the Pacific region has been a hotspot for the climate crisis posing a threat to both the physical and mental health of the Pacific people. She said: “We acknowledge the approval of the PAVE–Health which aims to unlock critical resources – financial, human, and technical – for us to address current and future climate-related health risks by making the health impacts of climate change visible. This visibility is critical to accessing climate finance for climate change and health interventions.” (“AUD 4.9 million to fortify Pacific region against health impacts of climate change,” Relief Web, 08 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 07 November 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 206
Pro-Taiwan President Whipps leads in Palau election
On 06 November, the unofficial results Palau elections indicated that a pro-Taiwan candidate, Surangel Whipps Jr might take the lead over former President Tommy Remengesau. Whipps has made relationship-building with Taiwan and the United States his primary policy initiative. He recently renewed a COFA treaty with the US that secures USD 890 million in aid over 20 years in exchange for US military access to Palau’s land, airspace, and waters. However, Remengesau has expressed interest in deeper relations with China, notably on the issues of climate and economics. For the tiny island nation of Palau, voters elected 13 senators to join the senate, in addition to a total of 16,627 people who registered to vote for this election. (“Pro-Taiwan president leading in Palau election,” Taiwan News, 06 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 05 November 2024, Tuesday| Vol.1 No. 204
Panguna mine report to be released in November for public, says an interview in RNZ
On 05 November, an interview in RNZ stated that it looked into the attempt to make the report of the Panguna Mine in Bougainville available to the community. However, the mine served as a vital asset for a decade during the Civil War in the 90s. Rio Tinto a multinational miner has funded research into key issues like human rights and environmental damage caused by mining activities. According to the Australian Human Rights Law Centre’s spokesperson Keren Adams, the report would be available to the public in November with a few top research findings. The interview also stated that the findings have already expressed serious concerns for a long time on collapsing levees, infrastructure damages and chemicals used in mines. Adams said: “It's immediately apparent to anyone going to the site -where you have almost a billion tonnes of tailings waste dumped directly into a river valley…you will have major environmental and safety risks that result from both the original dumping, and the way that the waste was disposed itself.” The time of mine construction had eroding wastes being dumped into the river where most of the rivers had already collapsed while still the leftovers were washed into nearby rivers and streamlines. However, communities that stayed near the mines have experienced a crisis, hence report will also focus on environmental and scientific studies on mines from the start of the operation. Furthermore, matters obtained from the research study would be termed as the latest and new information for the public, especially about the amount of risks and impact with which they are surviving. (“Panguna mine report set to reveal severe damage and threat to communities,” RNZ, 05 November 2024)

Palau, the US and allies of Taiwan hold presidential election
On 05 November, Palau, the US and allies of Taiwan hold a presidential election. President Surangel Whipps Jr will contest the election while the voters will also elect thirteen other members of the Senate. However, Palau renewed a Compact of Free Association with Washington this year with a deal worth USD 890 million in economic assistance for two decades, which in turn would allow the US to exercise its maritime power. Additionally, tax reforms have been the major issue during the election campaign. The Palau Media Council stated that the concern was on a lawsuit filed against the Island Times Newspaper by Surangel and Sons Co, a retail and construction company owned by Whipps’ father when the paper reported on false news circulation on social media about the company’s tax payment policy. Furthermore, Whipps requested the US to connect with a permanent Patriot missile after the Senate rejected Palau’s resolution. During the election campaign, former president Tommy Remengesau said: “Palau needs to ensure that foreign influences do not overshadow our identity or compromise our independence.” (“Palau, US security ally in Pacific, holds election,” The Print, 05 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 02 November 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 202
Cook Islands Prime Minister urges dialogue and support for New Caledonia 
On 01 November, RNZ reported that Cook Islands Prime Minister Mark Brown, part of the fact-finding mission by Pacific leaders to New Caledonia, called for efforts to ease tensions.  He also called for dialogue to come to work with Kanak, French, and the Pacific diaspora on the ground in New Caledonia. Thirteen have died since May after outbreaks of violence and protest spread and this community needed a peace deal. Brown stated that the people of New Caledonia want greater autonomy but some want to be free and others prefer to continue being under France. He also stated that Australia’s regional policing concept may be a source of aid, but France is dependent on its forces. He urged the need for economic support, as New Caledonia has no links to institutions such as the World Bank, hence it wholly depends on France. (“Cook Islands Prime Minister calls for easing of tensions in New Caledonia,” RNZ, 01 November 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 30 October 2024, Wednesday| Vol.1 No. 201
The three-day fact-finding mission turned out to be a “turning point”, reports RNZ
On 30 October, RNZ reported that the wrapping up of the three-day fact-finding mission, headed by all three Pacific leaders turned out to be a “turning point”. President Louis Mapou stated that the Pacific Islands Forum troika plus visit is important as the members have shared intention and their histories involved choices that shaped the future of their countries. The local government spokesperson Charles Wea stated that it was important for the citizens of New Caledonia to express their understanding of political perspectives and the process of decolonisation. Additionally, Tuvalu MP Simon Kofe said: “My position is for independence; we need to continue to support the decolonisation of the Pacific. I do believe that there is a way of having some sovereignty and control of your country. There are various models in the Pacific. You have Niue and Cook Island. Then you have American Samoa. We are not the ones who will tell [New Caledonia] what is working and what is not. We respect their sovereignty.” (“Pacific leaders' visit to Nouméa: Mapou says New Caledonia at a 'turning point,” RNZ, 30 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 29 October 2024, Tuesday| Vol.1 No. 200
CHOGM a success meet for Samoa, says an opinion in RNZ
On 29 October an opinion in RNZ titled “CHOGM success for Samoa but what’s in it for the Pacific?” looked into CHOGM coming to an end and Samoa getting relaxed about the success of the country and people to host the Commonwealth leaders’ meeting. Climate Change was discussed seriously with over thirty mentions and three referring to the climate crisis and resonating with the Pacific members for COP 31 to be held in 2026. However, the greater contradiction was any measure being taken against fossil fuel extraction. Tuvalu, Fiji and Vanuatu used the CHOGM to launch the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative report, focusing on Australia’s coal and gas mining. The CHOGM gave fifty-six members to take a stand on COP 29 while all the leaders highlighted the importance of increased concern towards climate finance at COP 29 and to address the needs of developing countries simultaneously. Additionally, the foremost output of this meeting was the Apia Commonwealth Ocean Declaration focusing on One Resilient Common Future which is perhaps the first oceans-focused declaration by the Commonwealth of Nations giving 49 of its 56 member states ocean borders, having similar declaration as Pacific policymakers and activists and recognising national maritime boundaries despite the impacts of climate change and emissions from global shipping. The next Secretary-General of the Commonwealth will be Ghana’s Minister for Foreign Affairs and Regional Integration Shirley Ayorkor Botchwey. The CHOGM has selected another woman to lead its secretariat which is an important validation for female leadership among member countries that usually under-represent at national levels. (“CHOGM success for Samoa but what’s in it for the Pacific?” RNZ, 29 October 2024)

President Louis Mapou and the Government of New Caledonia’s new mission to visit Pacific Islands Forum leaders
On 29 October, Islands Business reported on President Louis Mapou and the Government of New Caledonia’s meeting on a mission to visit Pacific Islands Forum leaders. The French Pacific dependency has been distressed by conflict since 13 May, which claimed thirteen lives and more than 2600 arrests causing damage to private productions and public structure. However, the Pacific Islands Forum has positioned a mission to meet with affected people on a three-day visit. After the meeting with the Forum Leaders President Mapou said: “They noted they weren’t here to interfere in New Caledonia’s affairs, but rather because a member of their family is in difficulty – so it’s quite normal that the Forum would visit and say they’re ready to contribute to the de-escalation of conflict.” Additionally, Mapou stated that visiting leaders of independent nations had an opportunity to share their viewpoints on regional concerns and easily share their own experiences of regionalism. Furthermore, according to Noumea Accord, foreign affairs are a shared power between the French State and the Government of New Caledonia. Mapou said: “I raised with them some of the obstacles and constraints, which are directly related to our political status – we aren’t an independent state that has the freedom to work on many of these issues that we must all address in the future.” “New Caledonia’s President meets with fellow Forum leaders,” Islands Business, 29 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 28 October 2024, Monday| Vol.1 No. 199
Pacific leaders begin fact-finding mission to New Caledonia, reports RNZ
On 28 October, RNZ reported that the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) leaders’ Troika plus delegation had arrived in New Caledonia for a fact-finding mission on the recent violence in the territory. The mission has been described as an observational one undertaken at the request of the Government of New Caledonia, and endorsed by the PIF leaders with terms of reference agreed upon by the French and New Caledonia governments. The troika plus delegation comprises the previous, present, and future chairs of the PIF. The PIF troika consists of the Prime Minister of Tonga, Hu’akavameiliku Siaosi Sovaleni, the Prime Minister of Cook Islands, Mark Brown, and the Minister for Foreign Affairs and External Trade of Solomon Islands, Peter-Shanel Agovaka, who is taking part in place of the Prime Minister of Solomon Islands, Jermiah Manele. Furthermore, the Prime Minister of Fiji, Sitiveni Rabuka is also a part of the mission. The Advisor for International Relations to the President of New Caledonia, Charles Wea informed the troika mission was in solidarity to see prospective ways to improve the economic and political prospects of New Caledonia. They are expected to meet stakeholders impacted by the crisis, such as political parties, youth and impacted communities from the health and education sectors. ( Patrick Decloitre, “Pacific leaders’ troika begins New Caledonia fact-finding mission,” RNZ, 28 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 26 October 2024, Saturday  | Vol.1 No. 198
New Zealand’s Prime Minister meets with Australian, Pacific leaders at policing event, reports RNZ
On 26 October, RNZ reported that the Prime Minister of New Zealand, Christopher Luxon attended an event highlighting the Pacific Policing Initiative along with leaders from Australia and Pacific countries. Luxon informed that as part of the policing initiative, nearly 120 New Zealand police officers were sent to support the Commonwealth Heads of Government meeting at Samoa, to provide security and safety. Luxon also praised the Government of Samoa for its adept management of the event. The Prime Minister of Samoa, Fiame Naomi Mata’afa also expressed support for the Pacific policing initiative as required to support peace and security in the region. Fiame informed that over 200 police officers from across the Pacific were present to assist local police officers, prisons, and correction services in Samoa. Fiame stated the policing initiative would help confront the common challenges faced by countries in the region, and welcomed the first Pacific police support group deployment. ( Russell Palmer, “PM shares rugby banter with Australia, Pacific leaders at CHOGM police event,” RNZ, 26 October 2024)

Tuvalu MP states Australia needs to continue being pressurized on climate action, reports RNZ
On 26 October, RNZ reported that the Minister of Transport, Energy and Communications of Tuvalu, Simon Kofe had informed that it was essential countries continue putting pressure on Australia to take climate action. Kofe made the statement in response to a report by the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative that Australia, alongside Canada and the UK, was responsible for 60 per cent of all emissions generated from fossil fuels extraction across Commonwealth countries since 1990. According to Kofe, pressure needed to continue being put on Australia; since it lacked a sense of responsibility vis-a-vis tackling the climate crisis that was present in Tuvalu. He also informed Australia undermined its climate credibility through actions like approving the extension of three new coal mines. Another point mentioned by Kofe was that Australia needed to prove through its actions it wanted to take responsibility for the climate issue. ( Lydia Lewis, “‘We have to keep pressuring Australia to do the right thing’: Tuvalu MP on climate action,” RNZ, 26 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 25 October 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 197
Kiribati ruling party candidate deflects from his alliance, reports RNZ
On 25 October, RNZ reported on the Kiribati presidential election where one of the three candidates from the ruling party broke to form his alliance challenging President Taneti Mamau. Newly elected MP Ruth Cross Kwansing, a member of the former ruling Tobwaan Kiribati Party (TKP), said: “It was confirmed at a caucus meeting on Monday that the presidential candidate Kaotitaake Kokoria had broken away to ally new MPs. This defection was a huge disappointment to the Tobwaan Kiribati Party. We consider ourselves a tightly knit family loyal to our respected leader Taneti Maamau and each other.” However, the Kiribati parliament had forty-six members with the attorney general serving as an ex-officio member subsequently, being removed from the position due to a constitutional change in 2016. Kwansing stated that all other small parties are weighing behind the presidential candidate and there would be no idea of people’s choice. Additionally, the country's first president and presently the senior opposition MP in the KKP Sir Ieremaia Tebai accepted Kwansing's opinion, he further said: “We don't know much about him and it’s not easy to support him but we have no other option anyway.” (“Kiribati election drama: Ruling party candidate defects to challenge incumbent president, RNZ, 25 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 24 October 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 196
Australian Senator shouts at King Charles “Give us what you stole from us,” reports The Associated Press
On 22 October, The Associated Press reported on an Australian Senator shouting at King Charles III that Australia was not the land for the King. Senator Lidia Thorpe was later removed from the parliament after she said:  “You committed genocide against our people,” she shouted. “Give us what you stole from us — our bones, our skulls, our babies, our people. You destroyed our land. Give us a treaty. We want a treaty.” Opposition leader Peter Dutton, stated that many supporters were happy and fortunate to attend King Charles's reception and Queen Camilla at Parliament House. Peter further emphasised people’s interest in participating in the event by cleaning roads and having haircuts and polished shoes. Additionally, during the King’s speech King Charles said: “Let me also say how deeply I appreciated this morning’s moving Welcome to Country ceremony, which offers me the opportunity to pay my respects to the traditional owners of the lands on which we meet, the Ngunnawal people, and all First Nations peoples who have loved and cared for this continent for 65,000 years. Throughout my life, Australia’s First Nations peoples have given me the great honor of sharing so generously their stories and cultures. I can only say how much my own experience has been shaped and strengthened by such traditional wisdom.” Furthermore, before his departure, the King stopped to greet the large gathering of people flying Australian flags despite the hot temperature of 24 degrees Celsius. (“You are not my king,’ Indigenous Australian senator yells at visiting King Charles,” The Associated Press, 24 October 2024)

Citizens of New Zealand born in Western Samoa between 1924 to 1949 to entitled to citizenship, reports RNZ
On 24 October, RNZ reported on restoring a historic bill entitling citizenship to New Zealand people born in Western Samoa between 1924 and 1949. Green Party MP Teanau Tuiono's bill was supported by all parties while the National MP Tom Rutherford became emotional during his recollection of the injustice Samoans had face. Rutherford said: “To our Samoan community watching today, this legislation acknowledges your place in the fabric of our nation and reaffirms the special relationship between our two countries.” However, Labour MP Barbara Edmonds stated that New Zealand must recognize the Treaty of Friendship between the countries and said: “We need to ensure we do not trample on the friendship again and right that wrong. I acknowledge there is work being done but please listen to the Samoan people on the ground, please listen to those villagers who cannot fish, please listen to those villagers who cannot put food on their family's tables.” Additionally, the Chairman of the Pacific leadership forum, Teleiai Edwin Puni stated that the miserable thing would be losing 42 years without citizenship and hoping for the country to act and focus on areas of progress. Furthermore, Samoa’s Prime Minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa said: “What happened with the bill is a matter for New Zealand. We will not get in the way of Samoans who want to pursue that but as a government, we are not participating in the dialogue.” (“Samoa citizenship bill passes second reading,” RNZ, 24 October 2024)

King Charles to be offered a high chief title in Samoa
On 24 October, RNZ reported on King Charles III being offered the title of high chief in Samoa. Lenatai Victor Tamapua, a Samoan chief and member of parliament, stated that he had decided to offer the title of Tui Taumeasina to both King Charles and Queen Camilla during a traditional ceremonial welcome. Tamapua said: “The king tide today is about twice that it was 20, 30 years ago, and that is affecting our land, and it's eating away at some of the areas that are so hard for us to control, and people (have to) move inwards, inland now.” Additionally, the Australian royal visit was King Charles's inaugural visit as the first key foreign trip since he was diagnosed with cancer and thirteen years since the first call by a British monarch to Australia. Furthermore, King Charles heads Australia, New Zealand, and other twelve Commonwealth dominions outside the United Kingdom he is also the symbolic head of the Commonwealth and visited Samoa for the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting, half a dozen members of the commonwealth are small states, while some Pacific island nations face a serious rise in sea levels threats caused by climate change. (“King Charles to be offered high chief title in Samoa,” RNZ, 24 October 2024)

Papua New Guinea bus shooting claims lives of seven
On 23 October, The Guardian reported on unknown gunmen ambushing a bus in Papua New Guinea’s Enga province killing seven people while many more went missing. The shooting took place in Enga’s Lagaip district with nearly 20 passengers on the bus during the ambush, the shooter was equipped with high-powered weapons and opened fire indiscriminately. However, seven male passengers and the driver were killed, while the local police said: “The bus driver turned the vehicle around after the attack and drove Wabag hospital, about 50 minutes away, but later died from the bullet injury. One person remains in a critical condition in Wabag hospital and at least 17 are unaccounted for. Tondop said it was unclear whether the missing passengers were still alive or wounded, and may be hiding in the bushes or sheltering with neighbouring clans.” In addition, the attack was believed to be a retaliation for the long-lasting conflict between the tribals of Enga province. Furthermore, the violence has claimed dozens of lives, destroying homes. Infrastructures and even bringing businesses to a standstill. (”Gunmen kill seven with more than a dozen missing after Papua New Guinea bus shooting,” The Guardian, 24 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 23 October 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 195
All three ship containers removed from Manawanui, reports RNZ
On 23 October, RNZ reported on the removal of all three containers from the reef of Manawanui Deputy Chief of Navy Andrew Brown stated that the operation was a complex team effort that consuming four days to clear the territory. A statement from the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) stated that two shipping containers were empty and one contained food buried at a landfill. The owner of surf tour business Offshore Adventures Brent Ross stated that food was spilling out from a container while clients who were at a surf needed to get out of the water because the spilled food attracting sharks. Additionally, Brown said: “One dive, one drone flight and one beach patrol daily, with the timing coordinated so as not to disrupt the event.” Furthermore, Samoa's Marine Pollution Advisory Committee said: “A contractor would be selected to remove the remaining fuel from the vessel now that an insurance surveyor has completed their work,” while the Committee chair Fui Tupai Mau Simanu said “salvaging the fuel was expected to start in mid-November and take about 20 days, depending on the weather.” (“All containers from Manawanui removed, says NZDF,” RNZ, 23 October 2024)

Simmu welcomes King Charles III, reports The Guardian
On 23 October, The Guardian reported on Siumu residents hoisting British flags and preparing for King Charles III historic visit. A traditional dancer Sina Tuuu Schwenke, said: “Chance to meet King Charles is a dream come true for her and the village of more than 2,000 people. Who doesn’t want to meet the king? No one ever dreamed about the king coming to our village and knowing that he will be staying here is something that we take pride in and look forward to. This means a lot to us.” The call for a two-yearly meeting comes after which the British colonies who gave Charles the head of state position are now concerned over the futuristic situation and modern lifestyle. However, the king visited Australia before visiting Samoa and was interrupted by an Australian senator, who accused the crown of stealing the Original land. Additionally, “Fuatino Muliagatele from Lefaga, who remembers the last royal visit in 1977 said: I might not be able to meet the king personally but knowing that he will be in Samoa is enough to boast about his presence here and everyone is excited about it, Inside Samoa, the country is sometimes light-heartedly referred to as the ‘Land of Kings’ as many believe they are descendants of traditional royal families on the small island. Many people have been involved in preparations for the royal visit and the leaders’ meeting – and some government workers have been given time off to help.” Furthermore, another public servant, Linette Matautia, stated she was pleased to welcome the world to our home to our Pacific and affirmed that most Samoans have never left Samoa to see the world and contribute to the event by all means. (“This means a lot to us’: Samoa prepares to welcome Charles to the ‘land of kings,” The Guardian, 23 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 22 October 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 194
Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting puts vulnerable groups ahead at the meeting, reports RNZ
On 22 October, RNZ reported on the XXVII Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) putting vulnerable groups in the front line, the summit kicked off in Apia on 21 October with forums focusing on women, youth, and people held in various venues in Apia. Delegations from 56 countries will meet on the island for a series of side meetings and forums throughout the week. Prime Minister Fiamē Naomi Mataʻafa in her inaugural speech said: “The historic week is about meaningful dialogue and impactful collaboration across our Commonwealth family. The [people, women, and youth forums] we are launching this morning represent the critical voices of our people, especially the women the youth, and our children. Let us listen to the voices of the people, our Commonwealth youth and feel the hopes of our children rising with the changing tides.” Additionally, the ceremony witnessed the launch of the Torch of Change campaign, an initiative led by Samoa Victim Support Group (SVSG), which was enthusiastic in addressing Samoa's issues surrounding youth and domestic violence. SVSG's youth coordinator Talaimanu Peneueta said: “I think as a small island nation and as the first Pacific Island to be hosting this CHOGM, it is really important for us to amplify our voices. This is our chance to let people know what our issues are and also let them know that we are resilient and we're still navigating our course for a stronger tomorrow.” (“CHOGM: 'Let us listen to the voices of the people' - Samoa Prime Minister,” RNZ, 22 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 21 October 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 193
Manawanui ship drowning caused a huge hit to the coastal people of Samoa, reports the Guardian
On 21 October, an opinion in the Guardian titled “A sunken timebomb? Samoa fears long-lasting damage from wrecked New Zealand navy ship,” looked into the HMNZS Manawanui drowned about 35 metres beneath the surface of Samoa’s southern coastal waters. While the residents in Samoa fear long-lasting damage to the marine environment New Zealand’s prime minister, Christopher Luxon, apologised to Samoan leadership for the grounding of Manawanui, which has leaked an estimated two hundred thousand litres of diesel into the sea on 05 October. Samoa’s chair of the Marine Pollution Advisory Committee (MPAC), Fui Mau Simanu stated that the destruction was significant in the surrounding area, while the initial evaluation showed substantial damage of five thousand square metres to the reef spotting the shipwreck and anchor chain. New Zealand’s deputy chief of navy, Commodore Andrew Brown, said: That mitigating environmental impact was a priority. We’re taking this very, very seriously and we’re working hand-in-glove with the Samoan government and with our other agencies such as Maritime New Zealand. Additionally, Nick Ling an associate professor in biodiversity and ecology from the University of Waikato said: “For them, getting a lung full of diesel is going to be fatal. Fish can absorb it, if it’s a sub-lethal dose they can survive and it could taint their flesh.” Coral regeneration could take decades. If New Zealand is to preserve any hope of being an honest broker in this region, it must avoid steps that will make this look like a cover-up.” Furthermore, Afoa Patolo Afoa a 75-year-old senior matai and fisher from Tafitoala stated that they can’t fish anymore and would not have any other source of income, he also stated that the plantation would be the temporary source of income. Manu Percival, a surf guide who helped with the rescue effort of the 75 crew and passengers from the Manawanui said: “You can smell the diesel, they’ve destroyed our reef – I grew up on that reef all my life and they shouldn’t have hit it there, no way.” (“A sunken timebomb? Samoa fears long-lasting damage from wrecked New Zealand navy ship,” the Guardian, 21 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 16 October 2024, Wednesday| Vol.1 No. 192
New French overseas minister begins New Caledonia visit, reports RNZ
On 16 October, RNZ reported that the new Minister for Overseas of France, Noel Buffet had begun a four-day visit to the French territory of New Caledonia. The visit by Buffet comes five months after widespread riots broke out in New Caledonia, significantly damaging the local economy. In this light, the key objective of his visit is to restore trust and return to the path of dialogue in New Caledonia, ending the polarisation rampant after the riots. A plan by the New Caledonia Congress for the reconstruction of the territory, with EUR 4.2 billion provided in funding by the Government of France is scheduled to be presented during the visit of Buffet. The minister will also hold talks with the presidents of local governments and the provincial assemblies, as well as representatives from both pro-France and pro-independence political parties. There are also plans for talks between the various stakeholders in New Caledonia, to produce a concrete political agreement. (Patrick Decloitre, “Buffet starts four-day visit to New Caledonia,” RNZ, 16 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 15 October 2024, Tuesday  | Vol.1 No. 191
Tafitoala villagers demand compensation from New Zealand government after ship sinking, reports RNZ
On 15 October, RNZ reported on locals in the coastal village of Tafitoala in Samoa demanding compensation for those who have lost their livelihood due to the sinking of HMNZS Manawanui. A spokesperson for the New Zealand Defence Force (NZDF) stated that the priority of the Manawanui operation is to remove all fuel from the ship to avoid any further damage. Local fisherman Fatu Totua said: “He has been without a source of income since the ship went down. For one day, my son and I would earn $200 from the fish we catch. Right now, we don't have the means to earn a living for our family because we depend on the sea. We haven't bought any white outfits for our children up till now.” Additionally, another surf tour operator in Samoa’s south coast stated that his business has taken a hit from the aftermath and owner of offshore Adventures Brent Ross said: “Food has been coming out of containers which have been attracting sharks, guests were only surfing a spot for 10 minutes before they had to come back on the boat for safety.” (“Manawanui sinking: Tafitoala villagers demand compensation from New Zealand government,” RNZ, 15 October 2024)

Samoa citizenship bill received unanimous support for the inclusion of 1924-1949 born, reports RNZ
On 15 October, RNZ reported on the bill aiming to restore citizenship to a group of Samoans born between 1924 and 1949 having unanimous support. The opportunity for citizenship is only if the Bill passes and is expected to apply to no more than 5000 people. On the other hand, several others requested citizenship to extend to the descendants of the cohort as well. New Zealand Green Party MP Teanau Tuiono said: “We wanted to get more things in there, particularly after listening to the community who were asking for other things, with support from all parties during the select committee Tuiono expects the bill to pass the second reading but didn't want to count his chickens for it to become law. The select committee process received almost 25,000 written submissions, with one including around 7000 signatures. Around half of the submissions came from Samoa. There was overwhelming support for the bill moving forward.” (“Samoa Citizenship Bill gets unanimous support from the select committee,” RNZ, 15 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 14 October 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 190
Fiji unions raise alarm over employment law reforms, reports RNZ
On 14 October, RNZ reported that two major employer representative organizations in Fiji sounded alarm bells over the government's proposed amendments to the country's employment laws. The Fiji Commerce and Employers Federation (FCEF) and the Fiji Hotel and Tourism Association (FHTA) stated that warning of severe economic consequences would arise if the draft bill was amended. The FCEF's acting chief executive Savenaca Baro and FHTA's Fantasha Lockington in a joint statement said: “This law does not discriminate in application between the 'Small Bread Shops' around our local neighbourhoods and 'bigger corporates' including the Government as well, MSMEs comprise over 60 per cent of employers in Fiji, operating on thin margins, cannot withstand the proposed fines of up to USD 500,000.00 or a term of imprisonment of 20 years or both as suggested by this new draft bill. The organisations said MSMEs, operating on narrow profit margins, are still recovering from the economic strain of the pandemic and recent global economic challenges. These penalties far exceed MSME's financial capacity and go against the Government's good intentions to improve the ease of doing Business in Fiji. This will undoubtedly lead to potential closures and widespread job losses. The government must recognize the devastating impact these measures would have.” Additionally, Agni Deo Singh stated that his ministry dynamically engaged with its partners, including the FCEF and the Fiji Trades Union Congress (FTUC) according to International Labour Organisation (ILO) Convention 144 on tripartite consultations. Furthermore, he said: “The Ministry has been accommodative for the past two years and remains open to hearing all grievances to ensure fair outcomes for both employers and workers.” (“Fiji employer groups warn of job loses amid government's employment law reforms,” RNZ, 14 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 12 October 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 189
Samoan authorities inform of substantial leak from shipwreck, reports RNZ
On 12 October, RNZ reported that the Marine Pollution Advisory Committee in Samoa had informed 200,000 litres of diesel was leaked after the Royal New Zealand Navy vessel HMNZS Manawanui caught fire and sunk off the south coast of Upolu in Samoa. The Committee stated significant damage had been caused to the reef on which the vessel sank, after the collision and resulting friction from the anchor. However, there was no indication of oil contamination on the reef and coastline.The Chairperson of the Committee Fui Tupai Mau Simanu stated divers were at the site of the wreckage to stop more fuel from leaking and to gather information. Simanu also informed the plan was to remove the remaining fuel from the Manawanui vessel. The Chief of the Royal New Zealand Navy, Rear Admiral Garin Golding stated the ship was in a maintenance period; and was marked as safe to deploy before its operation. (“Manawanui: 200,000 litres of diesel has leaked from wreck, say Samoan authorities,” RNZ, 12 October 2024)

French Polynesia president requests UN to bring France in decolonization talks, reports RNZ
On 11 October, RNZ reported that the President of French Polynesia, Moetai Brotherson had requested the United Nations (UN) to help bring the Government of France in negotiations towards the decolonization of French Polynesia. While delivering an address at the annual meeting of the UN Decolonisation Committee, Brotherson stated the French government needed to be guided towards dialogue. According to Brotherson, France needed to cooperate with creating a roadmap and timeline for the decolonization process. The President also stated that recent violence in the French territory of New Caledonia was a reminder of the delicate balance required for peace. French Polynesia was listed for decolonization by the UN a decade ago, but the French government has refused to acknowledge the role of the UN till date. France attended the meeting of the decolonization committee for the first time in 2023. The Permanent Representative of France to the UN, Nicolas De Riviere informed the decolonization committee there had been no change in French policies. De Riviere stated the UN had no role in the processes between France and French Polynesia, and that France contributed nearly 30 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product(GDP) of French Polynesia. However, Brotherson stated the French position was off the mark. Several representatives from civil society groups in French Polynesia gave testimonies to the decolonization committee; both in support of and against independence. Pro-independence speakers condemned France for its policy of nuclear tests in French Polynesia and allegedly neglecting the local identities. On the other hand, speakers supporting the status quo were of the opinion that independence would have a negative economic impact since the territory could not be sustained without French support. (Stefan Armbruster, “French Polynesian president asks UN to bring France into decolonisation talks,” RNZ, 11 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader| 11 October 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 188
Marshall Islands to sit in the United Nations Human Rights Council; prioritising climate change and nuclear justice, reports RNZ
On 11 October RNZ reported that Marshall Islands was elected to be a part of the United Nations Human Rights Council (HRC) from next year prioritizing climate change and nuclear justice. Marshall Islands President Hilda Heine cautioned that common multilateral progress is failing Marshall Island perhaps risking human rights. She further said: “Our own unique legacy and complex challenges with nuclear testing impacts, with climate change, and other fundamental challenges, informs our perspective, that the voices of the most vulnerable must never be drowned out.” Additionally, at the 57th session of the Human Rights Council, she made a specific appeal to recognise the impact of the nuclear legacy left by US atomic tests in the Island Nation. During the appeal, she said: “Despite these wrongs, for almost 80 years, we have not received an official apology. There has been no meaningful reconciliation, and we continue to seek redress. It is my sincere hope that this Council will continue to keep the human rights of the Marshallese people at heart when considering the matters that we bring before it for consideration. The Marshallese people were misled, forcibly displaced, and subjected to scientific experimentation without their consent, despite Marshallese requests to the UN for the tests to stop, they were allowed to continue.” Furthermore, an analysis of Marshall Islands votes was done by the Geneva-based think tank Universal Rights Group; it stated that the Island Nation joined the consensus or has always voted in favour of almost all resolutions. (“Marshall Islands wins UN Human Rights Council seat with climate, nuclear justice agenda,” RNZ, 11 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 10 October 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 187
New Zealand companies associated with fast-track projects provide political donations, reports RNZ
On 10 October, RNZ reported that companies and shareholders associated with 12 fast-track projects provided over NZD 500,000 in donations to political parties in New Zealand.  There were several projects where shareholders were found to have donated to political parties such as the Sunfield development project south of Auckland. The Director of Winton Land Limited, the company developing the project Christopher Meehan donated over NZD 200,000 to the Act and National parties. Similarly, the developers of an alpine village around Coronet Peak donated about NZD 118,000 to the Act, National, and Green parties in their political campaigns. Directors and companies involved in several other projects like the Kings Quarry Expansion, Gibbston Village, Green Steel, and the Carter Group also donated substantial amounts to political parties. The Minister for Infrastructure and Housing of New Zealand Chris Bishop stated that perceived or actual conflicts of interest during the projects were managed during the selection process for projects to be included in the Fast-track Approvals Bill. If the Bill passes, it would mean a project application would require only one process to be approved rather than multiple. Projects such as housing, renewable energy, mining, aquaculture, and farming have been included in the Bill which is expected to pass into law by the end of the year. A legal expert at the University of Otago, Professor Andrew Geddis stated it was not clear whether receiving a donation was a conflict of interest. With political parties receiving significant amounts of money from private sources, it would be difficult to bar parties from being involved in decisions barring donors. A member of the Forest and Capie organization, Richard Capie stated the new fast-track bill would make transparency in New Zealand worse. ( Farah Hancock, “$500,000 in political donations associated with fast-track projects,” RNZ, 10 October 2024)

Presidential candidates in Kiribati release manifestos, reports RNZ
On 10 October, RNZ reported that the four candidates for the presidential election in Kiribati had released their political manifestos. The current President of Kiribati, Taneti Maamau is considered to be the favorite for winning the election. Maamau has made several promises in his manifesto, such as ensuring better infrastructure nationwide improving the livelihoods of the citizens, and tax cuts. Maamau has also encouraged growth and better utilization of resources, alongside using the state-owned enterprise model by state-owned companies. The President has also promised help for underprivileged citizens, and sorting out issues of land ownership. The manifesto by Maamau also states an increase in the number of parliamentarians for outer islands, setting up more embassies globally, and increasing assistance in combating climate change. The long-term vision and mission for Kiribati stated in Maamau’s manifesto is a prosperous, peaceful, and healthy development for Kiribati that does not leave any citizen behind. According to the new law in Kiribati, the successful candidate will be held accountable to the Electoral Office for commitments made during the electoral process. ( Don Wiseman, “Kiribati presidential candidates release manifestos,” RNZ, 10 October 2024)

Australia & The Pacific Reader | 09 October 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 186
French Overseas Minister François-Noël Buffet to visit New Caledonia next week, reports RNZ
On 09 October RNZ reported on French Overseas Minister François-Noël Buffet’s travel to New Caledonia; recently appointed in the new French Prime Minister Michele Barnier's cabinet. He stated that his visit was in support of all actors in New Caledonia amidst the crisis triggered by riots, signalling a new approach towards New Caledonia. The French Prime Minister stated that the Constitutional Bill aimed at modifying the conditions of eligibility for local elections and announced that the provincial elections could be postponed. Additionally, Buffet said: “I look forward to meeting our compatriots of New Caledonia and to reaffirm our government's will to bring fast and pragmatic responses to the crisis this territory is going through and his objectives were to pursue dialogue and encourage reconstruction.” Furthermore, several top French leaders have planned to visit New Caledonia in the next few weeks; including the Presidents of both French Houses of Parliament, Gérard Larcher (Senate) and Yaël Braun-Pivet (National Assembly). He further stated that French President Emmanuel Macron has planned to receive all of New Caledonia's political leaders in Paris for a round table sometime in November. (“France’s new overseas minister to visit New Caledonia next week,” RNZ, 09 October 2024)