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China sent the first batch of aid to Myanmar

China Reader Daily Wire | 31 March - 01 April  2025, Monday- Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 71 & 72
CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China sent the first batch of aid to Myanmar
On 31 March, China’s International Development Cooperation Agency informed that they sent the first batch of aid to Myanmar. They noted that this has been done at the request of Myanmar’s administration, and Chins is donating USD 13.77 million for emergency humanitarian assistance. The aid includes tents, blankets, first-aid kits, and other essentials. Myanmar was hit by a 7.7 magnitude earthquake the tremors were felt in Thailand and regions of China. China previously also sent 88 personnel for rescue efforts in Myanmar. (“China sends first batch of aid to earthquake-hit Myanmar,” CGTN, 31 March 2025)
 
CHINA & RUSSIA
Wang Yi noted that China-Russia are “friends forever, never enemies”
On 01 April, China’s Foreign Minister, Wang Yi noted that China-Russia are “friends forever, never enemies.” He made this statement during his visit to Moscow, where he said: “The principle of 'friends forever, never enemies' ... serves as a solid legal basis for advancing strategic cooperation at a higher level.” Wang Yi also stated that with the current global atmosphere, big powers are obliged to act as stabilizing factor and therefore called for US and Russia to improve their relationship. He said: “(This) is good for stabilizing the balance of power between major powers and inspires optimism in a disappointing international situation.” (“'Friends forever, never enemies', Chinese foreign minister tells Russia,” Reuters, 01 April 2025 )

ECONOMY
China's four major banks to raise funds with China’s Ministry of Finance economic revival
On 30 March, four commercial banks from China announced that they would raise USD 72.5 billion by issuance of A-share targeting. The major SOEs include the Bank of China, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications, and Postal Savings Bank of China. They informed that these funds would be raised by reducing issuance-related costs, and this would replenish this respective core tier-1 capital. Additionally, China’s Ministry of Finance will also raise funds and will give 500 billion yuan. China Construction Bank said: “The strategic investment by the MOF in the Bank can optimize the layout of state-owned capital, enhance the transmission efficiency of fiscal policies, strengthen the implementation of national strategies through capital ties, promote a sustained recovery and growth of the macroeconomy, and fulfill the responsibility of state-owned capital in serving national development and people's well-being.” (“China to boost 4 major state-owned banks with 500 billion yuan capital injection,” CGTN, 31 March 2025)

China’s manufacturing PMI rises to 50.5, says NBS
On 31 March, China’s National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) informed that China’s manufacturing sector’s Purchasing managers index (PMI) rose by 50.5. In February, Sub-indices of production rose, and well as production rose to 52.5. This indicates that there is an accelerated manufacturing activity. The NBS also noted that this showcases that manufacturing demand also has risen to 51.8 from 51.1 in the previous report. Additionally, supplier delivery times have also decreased to 50.3 from 51.0. (“China's manufacturing PMI rises to 50.5 in March,” CGTN, 31 March 2025)
 
ENERGY & ENVIRONMENT
China National Offshore Oil Corporation discovers oil field in the South China Sea
On 31 March, Global Times reported that China founded a large-scale integrated clastic oilfield in the South China Sea for the first time by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC). The oil field is 170 km from Shenzhen, Guangdong Province. The test drilling was able to yield 413 barrels of crude oil and 68000 cubic feet of natural gases. Professor at the Shandong University's School of Oceanography, Wang Yamin said: “Historically, China has had relatively limited oilfield reserves. The current global trend is shifting toward the development of shale and clastic rock oilfields. Therefore, the latest discovery holds significant implications for the future distribution and production potential of oilfields in China.” (“China discovers 100-million-ton oilfield in deep to ultra-deep clastic rock layers in South China Sea for the first time,” Global Times, 31 March 2025)
 
CHINA & EAST ASIA
China-Japan-South Korea’s Trade Ministers discuss possible Free Trade Agreement (FTA)
On 30 March, China, Japan and South Korea held their first economic dialogue for the first time in five years. This meeting is aimed at bracing themselves for tariffs by US President Donald Trump. The meeting was attended by Trade Ministers of Japan, South Korea and China, and the meeting was held in Seoul, South Korea. The heads all agreed that they would closely cooperate for comprehensive high-level discussion for a Free Trade Agreement between the three countries. South Korean Trade Minister Ahn Duk-Geun said: “It is necessary to strengthen the implementation of RCEP, in which all three countries have participated, and to create a framework for expanding trade cooperation among the three countries through Korea-China-Japan FTA negotiations.” (“China, South Korea, and Japan agree to strengthen free trade,” The Straits Times, 30 March 2025)
 
CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China stands with Myanmar and upholds the “Paukphaw” friendship, says China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs
On 31 March, Global Times reported on China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement on support for Myanmar after the earthquake. The Ministry spokesperson, Guo Jiakun noted that China is paying high attention to the earthquake and that China’s President Xi Jinping extends condolences to the victims and the military leader Min Aung Hlaing. He then also noted the support provided by China by sending a medical rescue team and China Search and Rescue Team. Currently, 400 Chinese earthquake experts are participating in the rescue mission, and the civilian rescue teams are on their way. Guo said: “China will uphold the "Paukphaw" friendship between China and Myanmar, stand together with Myanmar in this difficult time, make the most of the critical 72-hour window to search for survivors, treat the injured, and ensure relief supplies reach those in need. We believe that with the support of the international community, the government and people of Myanmar will overcome the disaster and rebuild their home.” (“China to uphold 'Paukphaw' friendship, stand together with Myanmar in this difficult time: FM spokesperson introduces China's disaster relief assistance,” Global Times, 31 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor invites China to invest in its ocean
On 01 April, The Indian Express reported on Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor inviting China to build an economic base in Dhaka and their ocean. The interim advisor, Muhammad Yunus, pitched to China during the four-day visit that allowed Bangladesh’s ocean to be an extension of the Chinese economy. Yunus said: “Seven states of India, eastern part of India, called seven sisters… they are landlocked country, landlocked region of India. They have no way to reach out to the ocean.” He also reinstated that Bangladesh is the only guardian of the ocean region. Therefore, he invited China to build, produce, and market things. While wrapping up his visit, he noted that his country must consider China as an important friend and that their relationship has grown over the years. (“Yunus pitch to China: India’s Northeast landlocked, Bangladesh is your gateway,” The India Express, 01 April 2025)
 
CHINA & THE PACIFIC
Australia is monitoring Chinese research vessel activities, reports ABC News
On 31 March, ABC News reported that Australian agencies are monitoring Chinese research vessels operating their deep seas submersible across Australian waters. The Chinese vessel Tan Suo Yi Hao was recorded passing the Victorian coastline. Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese informed that he prefers that Chinese vessels were not there but that they did not break any international law. Albanese said: “I would prefer that it wasn't there. But we live in circumstances where, just as Australia has vessels in the South China Sea and vessels in the Taiwan Strait and a range of areas, this vessel is there.” He noted that: “What our task is to do is to make sure that we represent Australia's national interests … and I have every confidence, every confidence, in our Defence Force and our security agencies to do just that.” Shadow Defence Minister Andrew Hastie, expressed that it is imperative that they ask questions regarding Chinese activities and that Albanese should not draw “false equivalence.” Hastie said: “The prime minister should be standing up for our sovereignty; he's shown a pattern of weakness about activities in our waters — particularly with the Chinese flotilla.” (“Australia monitoring Chinese research vessel off the south coast,” ABC News, 31 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Japan vital deterrent to Chinese aggression and the “cornerstone of peace and security in the Indo-Pacific,” says US Defense Secretary
On 30 March, US Defense Secretary, Pete Hegseth, called Japan to be an indispensable deterrent to deal with Chinese aggression. Hegseth told Japan’s Defence Minister, Gen Nakatani, that “We share a warrior ethos that defines our forces,” and that “Japan is our indispensable partner in deterring communist Chinese military aggression.” He also noted that Japan is a cornerstone for peace in the Indo-Pacific region. Additionally, both heads agreed to produce visual-range air-to-air Amraam missiles and to also consider the joint construction of SM-6 defence missiles. Hegseth also asked that Japan should give America greater access to its southwest islands on the edge of the East China Sea. (“Pentagon chief Hegseth says US command in ‘warrior’ Japan being upgraded to deter China,” The Straits Times, 30 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 29 March 2025, Saturday | Vol.2 No. 70
CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Afghanistan announces plans to open Wakhan corridor to China
On 26 March, Taliban spokesperson Zabiullah Mujahid announced that China and Afghanistan will be connecting through Wakhan Corridor, on a social media post in X. Mujahid noted that through this deal, they would earn USD 6 billion in transit revenue per year. The Wakhan road to the Chinese border is just 60 km, notes Mujahid. The corridor is in the north eastern Badakshan province and is close to China’s Xinjian province. Currently, there is construction ongoing; once completed, this will reduce the dependence on Pakistan’s Karachi port as a transit trade route. India’s former defense attaché to Afghanistan, Major General Sanjay Meston, said: “China has its eye on Afghanistan’s mineral wealth estimated at more than $4 trillion dollars.” With the construction completed, China will have land access to Afghanistan without the POK corridor where many Chinese traders and nationals are targeted. (“Afghanistan-China: New Games Around Wakhan Corridor As US Mulls Return,” StratNews Global, 27 March 2025) 

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China installs long-range bombers near Scarbrough Shoal, reports Reuters
On 28 March, Reuters reported that China deployed two long-range bombers near the Scarborough Shoal in the contested South China Sea. The bombers are H-6 and were captured by satellite imagery. US Defense Secretary, Pete Hegseth, is set to visit the Philippines soon, and China also did not advertise stationing their bomber near the Philippines. The image was taken by Maxar Technologies and showed two aircrafts on the east of Scarbrough Shoal. “The bombers' second message could be you (the United States) have the potential for long range strike; so do we, and in larger numbers. Clearly not serendipity,” says Peter Layton from Australia's Griffith Asia Institute. The bomber is based on Soviet-era design but has me remodeled for anti-ship and land attack cruise missiles capable of launching nuclear ballistic missiles. (“Exclusive: Satellite images show fresh Chinese bomber deployment in South China Sea,” Reuters, 28 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China an ideal destination for foreign investors, says China’s President
On 28 March, China’s President Xi Jinping stated that China will remain an ideal destination for foreign investors, notes a press release by China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs. He expounded that China is an ideal, secure, and promising destination. China has been advancing towards a high-standard opening up and that they are embracing opportunities. Xi said: “Foreign businesses are important participants in the Chinese modernization drive, in the country's reform, opening and innovation, and its interconnectivity with the world and integration into economic globalization.” Additionally, he noted that in the process, the foreign investors have thrived and enjoyed profitable returns. He also expressed that foreign businesses are responsible for maintaining global economic order and safeguarding the multilateral trading system. This comes after China conducted its China Development Forum of 2025 with 40 international executive heads from major firms. (“President Xi: China has been and will remain an ideal, secure, promising investment destination,” CGTN, 28 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China sends 82 personnel to conduct rescue mission in Myanmar after earthquake
On 28 March, China sent a rescue team of 82 personnel to assist with the earthquake rescue mission in Myanmar. As of 29 March morning, it is estimated that 694 have died. An earthquake of 7.9 magnitude hit Myanmar, and the tremors were felt in Thailand, Laos, and some places in China’s Yunna Province, informs China’s Earthquake Networks Centre. China’s Embassy in Myanmar urged Chinese nationals to take precautions and that they are sending an emergency response mechanism as they monitor the earthquake closely. Multiple structures in the Mandalay region were heavily damaged after the earthquake. (“China sends 82-person rescue team to Myanmar after deadly quake,” CGTN, 29 March 2025; “Update: 7.9-magnitude earthquake strikes Myanmar; Chinese embassy making ‘all-out’ efforts to carry out response work,” Global Times, 28 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Hong Kong might not sell Panama port to US firm amid pressure from China, reports Reuters
On 28 March, Reuters reported that Hong Kong’s CK Hutchison will not sell their two ports shares in Panama Canal to BlackRock due to pressure from China, says an anonymous informer. In context, the Hong Kong-based firm planned to officially sell their shares to a US firm, and two of the ports were strategically located in the Panama Canal. Once this was out, there was an outrage from China against this deal for yielding to US pressure. After this, China banned any Chinese firms from conducting business deals with Hutchinson's CEO or any of his family members. China is currently conducting an anti-trust review of the port deal. The definitive document is set to be signed by 02 April. US State Department spokesperson Tammy Bruce said: “It's also no surprise that the CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is upset at this acquisition, which will reduce their control over the Panama Canal area.” (“CK Hutchison will not sign deal to sell strategic Panama ports next week, sources say,” Reuters, 29 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 28 March 2025, Friday | Vol.2 No. 69
INTERNAL
Chinese military head removed from CPPCC under anti-corruption probe
On 26 March, Deputy Head of the Chinese military’s anti-corruption department, Lt. Gen Tang Yong, was relieved of his position in the CPPCC. Nor was any explanation given for his dismissal, and neither did any information come out on the investigation and the anti-corruption drive. It is reckoned that this decision usually implies that he was suspected of engaging in corruption activities. His last appearance was last March in 2024. Another convicted was the Director of the political work department of CMC, Miao Hua, who was placed under investigation. Prior to this, two defense ministers were removed Li Shangfu and Wei Fenghe. (“Top member of Chinese military anti-corruption unit may be caught up in graft probe,” SCMP, 27 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Myanmar rebel group imposes taxes on Chinese mines after taking over
On 28 March, Reuters reported on Myanmar’s rebel group Kachin Independence Army (KIA), seizing the northern mining belt, which has led to the halting of mineral supply and the hiking of prices. The rare earth mining belt is a key global resource. It is assumed that KIA will try to negotiate this with China as they have heavily invested in the region. China’s imports of rare earth fell by 311 metric tons in February, which is 89 per cent lower since last year. KIA is one of the oldest militias in Myanmar and is fighting for the autonomy of the Kachin region, which is mostly a Christian group. KIA also imposed taxes on Chinese-operated rare-earth mines. China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs said it: “actively promote peace talks and provide all possible support and assistance for the peace process in northern Myanmar.” (“Myanmar rebels disrupt China rare earth trade, sparking regional scramble,” Reuters, 28 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
China-Nepal teams restore Basantapur Palace ruined in 2015 earthquake
On 27 March, an editorial in Global Times titled “China-Nepal teamwork revitalizes palace complex from ruins,” looked at the restoration of the Basantapur Palace complex. This was done by the joint archeological exploration by China and Nepal. The site is iconic to Kathmandu, a nine-storyed palace that was hit by the earthquake. A Nepali worker part of the initiative, Prasad noted that it was not just a job but a way to reconnect with his ancestors. The project was aided by China and used patented technology for relic restoration. China's National Cultural Heritage Administration (NCHA) said: “representative example of international cooperation in cultural heritage.” The complex was built in the 17th- 18th century and was an important part of the Hanuman Dhoka Palace. The Chinese engineers were responsible for salvaging 85 per cent of the original components. They also invited wood carvers from Nepali communities and hired skilled families to aid in the restoration. (Chen Xi and Ji Yuqiao, “China-Nepal teamwork revitalizes palace complex from ruins,” Global Times, 27 March 2025)

Pakistan to issue “panda bonds”
On 26 March, Pakistan’s Minister of Finance and Revenue Muhammad Aurangzeb, informed that Pakistan plans to issue “panda bonds” this year, which is aimed at integrating the market with China. Aurangzeb made these statements on the sidelines of the Boao Forum 2025, where he noted that it is a testament to the deepening cooperation. He said, “Pakistan and China are ironclad friends and strategic partners. We remain grateful to China for helping us in our journey of growth.” The China-Pakistan Economic Corridor has now been shifted to monetizing on the infrastructure built by the Chinese. He also noted the unstable geopolitical climate and called to stay committed to globalization. He also lauded BRI cooperation for being an enabler to maintain strong trade flows.  (“Pakistan to issue 'panda bonds' this year,” China Daily, 28 March 2025)

Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor meets China’s President, Foreign Minister, and Executive Vice Premier
On 28 March, Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor, Muhammad Yunus, met with China’s President Xi Jinping. Before this, he met the China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi and China’s Executive Vice-Premier Ding Xuexiang. Yunus is on a day visit where he’ll be attending the Boao Forum and is expected to sign agreements with China. Ding expressed that Xi Jinping attached importance to his visit to China. Yunus also affirmed how they stand by the One-China policy and take pride in being the first south asian country to have joined BRI. Ding said: “Beijing will extend duty-free and quota-free access to Bangladeshi goods to China until 2028 – two years after Dhaka graduates from a Least Developed Country to a middle-income economy. Beijing is also keen to start free trade negotiations with Dhaka.” Yunus said, “Let us resolve to work together to usher in a new era of friendship, cooperation, and collaboration, reinforcing the strategic ties between our two nations.” (“China, Bangladesh agree to deepen ties,” Daily Sun, 27 March 2025)

CHINA & AFRICA
China team visits Nairobi for green cooperation and launch of nature observation program
On 26 March, China’s Chongqing Luhai International Communication Foundation and China-Africa Ecological Civilization Exchange Forum met at the University of Nairobi. The forum hosted diplomats, scholars, and environmentalists. They also launched a nature observation program to be kickstarted for Chinese and African youth. Deputy Governor of the County Government of Nairobi Njoroge Muchiri said, “In collaboration with the Chinese government and Chinese investors, we are working on a major rehabilitation program for Nairobi rivers.” The mayor of Chongqing Municipality, Hu Henghua, said: “We stand ready to leverage this platform to collaborate with African partners in sharing expertise and best practices across urban sustainability, clean energy development, wildlife protection, and cultural heritage restoration.” China’s Ambassador to Kenya, Guo Haiyan, also noted the importance of China's cooperation and how Chinese firms are embracing green technology. (“China, Africa team up for a greener future,” CGTN, 28 March 2025)  

CHINA & EUROPE
China and France’s Foreign Ministers reject unilateralism and decoupling
On 27 March, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with his French counterpart Jean-Noël Barrot. Both heads affirmed the future of cooperation and rejecting unilateralism, decoupling and trade wars. This is in the context of the growing uneasiness with Trump administration policies. Wang noted: “We must work toward a more just and equitable global governance system and never allow the world to regress to a lawless 'jungle' where might makes right. To this end, both sides should strengthen strategic coordination and support each other's major multilateral initiatives.” Barrot also noted that France supports free trade and opposes supply chain disruptions. He said: “China supports European integration and strategic autonomy. Taking the 50th anniversary of diplomatic ties as an opportunity, both sides should draw on past successes, uphold their partnership, properly manage differences, and pursue mutually beneficial cooperation to jointly open new prospects for China-EU relations.” (“French FM visits China as ‘EU ups dialogue with China, ’” Global Times, 27 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 27 March 2025, Thursday | Vol.2 No. 68
CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor in China to sign MoUs on economic cooperation, reports Global Times
On 26 March, Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor, Muhammad Yunus, left to visit China to participate in the Boao Forum for Asia 2025. Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Guo Jiakun welcomed Yunus and noted the traditional friendship with the neighbor marking the 50^th year of their friendship. Bangladesh’s Foreign Secretary, Md Jashim Uddin, stated that several MoUs are expected to be signed between the two countries. These will be based on economic cooperation, technological assistance, human resource development, disaster mitigation, establishing a China book center, and collaboration and cooperation in sports and media sector. (“Bangladesh’s chief adviser kicks off China visit, to continue traditional bilateral friendship,” Global Times, 26 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China kickstarts its Boao Forum 2025
On 26 March, China kickstarted its Boao Forum for Asian Council 2025 in Hainan Province with China’s Vice Premier meeting foreign heads of states and leaders. Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang met with leaders from Laos, FSM, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, Indonesia, and Portugal. The Boao Forum started in 2001 as a non-governmental and non-profit organization to promote regional economic development. Additionally, it aims to foster economic integration between Asian countries. The conference theme for this year is “Asia in the Changing World: Towards a Shared Future,” to be held from 25-28 March. (“Chinese vice premier meets foreign leaders attending Boao forum,” CGTN, 27 March 2025)
 
CHINA & THE PACIFIC
China and Nauru’s foreign ministers affirm bilateral cooperation and rekindling of ties
On 27 March, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi met with his Nauruan counterpart, Lionel Aingimea. Wang Yi noted that China is willing to cooperate on fields of agriculture, fisheries, marine development and climate change response. He also noted that the resumption talks between the two countries have fostered mutual trust and understanding. Wang Yi also appreciated, Nauru’s support for the one-China principle. Aingimea thanked China for the valuable assistance in infrastructure building and socio-economic development. He also reaffirmed that Nauru will not waver from the One-China principle. (“Chinese FM calls for deepened cooperation with Nauru,” CGTN, 27 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China SOEs refrained from conducting business with Hong Kong firm that sold shares to the US, reports Bloomberg
On 27 March, Bloomberg reported that China asked its SOEs to not forge any deal with Hong Kong-based business head Li Ka-Shing and his family over the sale of its shares to US-based firms in the Panama Canal and others. CK Hutchison sold its global ports shares to US firm BlackRock, after which the Hong Kong firm was accused of being manipulated by the US. Currently, and investigation is going on the family’s assets and investments in China. China's Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office criticized this deal for harming China’s national interest and giving in under US pressure. US President Donald Trump lauded the transaction as he wanted to get control of Panama back to the US. (“China Pauses New Deals With Li Ka-shing Family After Panama Ports Plan,” Bloomberg, 27 March 2025)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
China’s Taiwan Affairs Office online platform reports 323 alleged Taiwanese secessionist activities
On 27 March, China’s Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council informed that 323 reports had been made on the newly launched online platform for reporting secessionist activities. The spokesperson of the office, Chen Binhua, stated that these included influential Taiwanese political figures, sponsors and influencers. Chen said: “Their egregious activities, such as suppression of the opposition party through baseless charges, intimidation to dissolve organizations in support of China's reunification and blatant infringement on the legitimate rights and interests of mainland-born spouses residing in Taiwan, are exposed in the emails.” He also noted that the authorities will consider the facts and hold the perpetrators accountable. (“Mainland: Online platform for reporting 'Taiwan independence' activities receives 323 emails,” CGTN, 26 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
India-China issues persist but can be resolved without conflict, says India’s External Affairs Minister 
On 26 March, India’s Minister of External Affairs, Subrahmanyam Jaishankar, expounded that China and India will have issues in the “foreseeable future,” and it should be addressed in ways by not getting into conflict. Jaishankar spoke to the Asia Society, where he said: “We know that, between India and China...at least in the foreseeable future, there will be issues, but there are ways of addressing those issues, and what happened in 2020 was not the way.” National Strategy Institute at Tsinghua University, Qian Feng, noted that India is trying to send positive remarks to improve the ties, noting a strategic pivot in the bilateral relationship. Feng believes it's because of the reassessment of the geopolitical climate as they do not want to risk over-relying on the US. Qiang highlighted that economic and trade cooperation is the driving force of this cooperation. (“China-India issues can be addressed without conflict, says Indian top diplomat; observers see 75th anniversary as chance to restore healthy ties,” Global Times, 27 March 2025)

Scholars from China to visit India for the 75^th anniversary of bilateral relations
On 27 March, The Hindu reported that 20 Chinese scholars will be visiting India to mark the 75^th anniversary of their bilateral ties, informs Chinese Consul General in Kolkata Xu Wei. The scholars will visit Visva-Bharti University to participate in the seminar on Rabindranath Tagore. Xu noted that Tagore visited China in 1924 and was the symbol of China-India relations and friendship; this event also marks the 100 years of Tagore’s visit to China. Xu said, “We will hold an international seminar with Cheena Bhavana, Visva-Bharati University, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Tagore’s visit to China and the 75th anniversary of our relationship. Nearly 20 Chinese experts, scholars, and artists will be invited to India to attend the seminar.” Cheena Bhavan is the oldest Department of Chinese Studies in the sub-continent established by Tagore and Professor Tan Yun Shan. He also called for the need to increase people-people exchanges and said: “What I know is that in 2024, the Chinese embassy and consulates in India issued more than 280 thousand (or 2.8 lakh) visas to Indian friends, of which more than 80 per cent were business visas.” (“Chinese scholars to visit Visva Bharati to mark 75 years of India-China diplomatic ties,” The Hindu, 27 March 2025)

CHIINA & THE AMERICAS
China condemns US adding Chinese firms to export control entity list
On 26 March, China’s Ministry of Commerce expressed that it vehemently opposes Chinese firms being added to the US entity list for export control. The ministry noted that the US wants to suppress Chinese firms and deprive other countries of their development rights. This will harm the legitimacy of the US and undermine the stability of the global supply chain. Additionally, the ministry expounded that this move is detrimental and could only be solved through dialogue and cooperation. It asked the US to reconsider its wrongdoings immediately, or China would take measures to safeguard its interest. (“China opposes U.S. addition of Chinese entities to export control list: commerce ministry,” CGTN, 27 March 2025)

Trump suggests China’s tariff reduction if TikTok is sold to a non-Chinese firm
On 26 March, US President Donald Trump informed that he would be willing to reduce tariffs on China if they struck a deal on TikTok by selling the app for USD 170 million. The administration gave its parent firm, ByteDance, a deadline of April 05 to find a non-Chinese buyer or be banned on national security charges. Trump noted that China will have a role to pay in the sale of the firm and therefore said: “maybe I'll give them a little reduction in tariffs or something to get it done.” Vice President JD Vance also informed that the general terms of agreement will be established by 05 April. Since the app had the overwhelming support of nearly half of Americans, it was suggested that ByteDance divest in TikTok. (“Trump says he may give China reduction in tariffs to get TikTok deal done,” Reuters, 27 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 26 March 2025, Wednesday | Vol.2 No. 67
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Chinese EV giant BYD’s sales in 2024 beat Tesla
On 25 March, BBC reported that BYD and EV manufacturing giants surpassed the sales of Tesla in 2024. BYD informed that last year their revenue rose by 29 per cent worth USD 107 billion by selling the hybrid vehicles. While Tesla only sold EVs worth USD 97 billion last year. BYD also launched a cheaper version of the Tesla Model 3, one of the top-selling Tesla EVs. The US firm is facing backlash over the CEO's closeness with the Trump administration, as the Chinese EVs face stringent sanctions. BYD sold 4.3 million hybrid vehicles last year. Additionally, BYD also announced a new supercharging feature, which only takes 5 minutes to charge the vehicles. They are also giving the “God’s Eye” driving assistance to all its EV models. (“Chinese electric carmaker BYD sales beat Tesla,” BBC, 25 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
China-Thailand kickstart their sixth “Thailand Blue Strike 2025” joint naval exercise
On 24 March, China and Thailand kickstarted their joint naval exercise at the southern coast of China, according to China’s Ministry of Defense. The naval exercise dubbed as “China-Thailand Blue Strike 2025,” is held in the Zhanjiang region of the South China’s Guangdong Province. The focus of the drills will be on countering terrorism, joint maritime strikes, and anti-submarine exercises. This is the sixth of its kind of exercises between the two countries, The ministry noted that this will be significant in furthering their practical cooperation between the navies of the two countries. China’s military affairs expert, Wang Yunfei, said: “This exercise series usually features both non-traditional security aspects, such as counter-terrorism, maritime rescue and humanitarian aid, and traditional security aspects, such as maritime strike and anti-submarine operations.” Wang also informed that Thailand’s Type 053HT frigate will train with the Chinese counterpart to boost interoperability between Thailand and China. (“China, Thailand to hold Blue Strike-2025 joint naval exercise,” Global Times, 24 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
India-China hold 33 WMCC meeting on border cooperation, transborder rivers, and Kailash-Mansarovar Yatra
On 25 March, China and India met for the 33^rd Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination (WMCC) meeting to discuss the border disputes. The meeting aimed to exchange views on the early resumption of cooperation on cross-border issues, focusing on the Kailash Mansarovar Yatra and the transborder rivers. Both sides agreed to work towards the next Special Representatives meeting to be held in India by the end of this year. India’s Ministry of External Affairs came out with a statement: “The two sides explored various measures and proposals to give effect to the decisions taken during the 23rd meeting of the Special Representatives on the India-China boundary question in Beijing in December 2024 and to advance effective border management.” The meeting was attended by the Indian delegation headed by Joint Secretary (East Asia), Gourangalal Das, and China’s Director General of the Boundary and Oceanic Affair, Hong Liang. This comes after China and India agreed to the disengagement deal in the Demchok and Depsang choke points. (“India, China discuss ‘early resumption’ of cooperation,” The Hindu, 26 March 2025)  

Pakistan’s Ambassador to China affirms protection to Chinese national amid militant attacks
On 26 March, Pakistan’s Ambassador to China Khalil Hashmi, expressed that Pakistan and China are discussing measures to protect Chinese nationals in their country. Chinese nationals have been attacked and in the line of fire of militant groups in Pakistan, with their ports and individuals being attacked. Hashmi noted that it is Pakistan’s responsibility to do everything possible. He said, "I think our two countries work very closely in terms of information sharing, in terms of developing the standard operating procedures,” and, “We keep our Chinese friends informed of the steps that we are taking, so it's a work in progress.” China has also been pushing to protect its nationals working in Pakistan after the string of attacks and loss of lives. Hashmi also noted that this is a complex environment and that Pakistan has the capacity and capability to “resolve, counter, and combat the terrorists.” (“Pakistan, China in talks about security for Chinese nationals,” Reuters, 26 March 2025)

CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
China proposes five-point plan for Iran’s nuclear issue, reports Tehran Times
On 24 March, Tehran Times reported on the China-suggested five-point plan on Iran’s nuclear issue. This discussion was held during the trilateral meeting between China’s Foreign Minister, Wang Yi, Russia’s Deputy Foreign Minister Ryabkov Sergey Alexeevich, and Iran’s Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabad. They were: To be committed to the peaceful settlement of political disputes, the ability to balance rights and responsibility, commitment to Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), cooperation through dialogue, and seek consensus and consultation. China also affirmed that as a permanent member of the UNSC and the JCPOA, China will remain committed to communication and coordination with relevant parties and actors to further peace talks. (“China’s five-point proposition on the Iran nuclear issue,” Tehran Times, 24 March 2025)

China’s UN envoy calls for Syria to combat terrorism
On 25 March, China’s envoy in the UN called for the Syrian interim administration to kickstart an inclusive transition process to combat terrorism. The envoy, Fu Cong, noted that Syria has launched an independent investigation into the indiscriminate killing of civilians in the coastal areas, calling it inhumane. Cong said: “We are following the progress in this regard, and we hope that the Syrian interim authorities will carry out their work in a transparent and responsible manner, which is crucial to the international community's assessment of the credibility of the political transition in the country.” Nearly 1500 people and 1000 civilians have been killed in Syria’s Latakia and Tartus provinces. Fu also noted the recent progress and efforts taken by the Syrian authorities towards political transition. Fu called for the authorities to fulfill counter-terrorism obligations and to take decisive measures in combating terrorist organizations. (“Chinese envoy calls on Syria to advance inclusive transition, combat terrorism,” CGTN, 26 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China embassy in Ottawa opposes Canada's claims on election interference
On 26 March, China’s Embassy in Canada refuted claims of China interfering in their elections. The Canadian Security Intelligence Service (CSIS), made these claims as they warned that they face the threat of interference by China and India in the upcoming elections. They noted that they are closely monitoring Russia, China, India, and Pakistan. The embassy noted that China follows the principle of non-interference in other countries’ internal matters, and it never has or will. They also noted that Canadian elections are an internal matter for Canada and vehemently oppose China being linked to it. (“Chinese Embassy in Canada refutes allegations of China’s interference in Canadian elections,” Global Times, 26 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 25 March 2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 66
ECONOMY
Foreign CEOs express hope in China’s economy at the China Development Forum 2025
On 24 March, CGTN reported on foreign executives attending the China Development Forum 2025. Apple CEO Tim Cook visited China as it aims to increase investment. China Council for the Promotion of International Trade noted that it welcomes smartphone makers to use the opportunities provided by China, as the Chairman, Ren Hongbin met with Tim Cook. China’s Vice Premier He Lifeng stated that China will open to a higher level to foreign investors. China’s Commerce Minister Wang Wenato met with BMW CEO, Oliver Zipse as they discussed the EUs anti-subsidy investigation and the rise of Chinese EVs. Wang said: “China hopes to work with the European side to become a pillar of the multilateral trading system, injecting certainty and stability into the world. The Chinese market remains committed to opening up, and China's policies are consistent.” Zipse also noted that Europe's green transition cannot happen without China’s support and their firm remains confident in China’s economic prospects. (“CDF 2025: Global business leaders express confidence in China's future,” CGTN, 24 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Laos signs a clean energy deal with Chinese firms worth USD 1.45 billion
On 24 March, Laos signed a clean energy deal with China worth USD 1.45 billion. The agreement was with China’s Western Power Industrial Co Ltd, a Chinese power plant manufacturer. This deal is aimed at Lao's push to diversify energy sources and its role as a key electricity exporter. The Xekong Thermal Power Plant is the Lao counterpart in this deal. The firms also attested to an additional USD 228.8 million power transmission deal, aimed at enhancing efficiency and reliability of power distribution. In 2022, the same Chinese company signed USD 409 million supply and service deal with Lao. Last year several Chinese SOEs invested in Laos to further the wind and solar energy base. Lao is a landlocked country with an abundance of water, therefore essentially relying on hydropower. Laos has been dubbed as the “battery of Southeast Asia,” for being a significant energy exporter in the region. (“Laos Secures USD 1.45 Billion Clean Energy Deal With Chinese Firm, Bolstering Regional Power Ambitions,” ChemAnalyst, 24 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China launches “Sky Net 2025” campaign for anti-graft initiative
On 24 March, China announced a campaign for “Sky Net 2025,” an anti-corruption drive under the Central Anti-Corruption Coordination Group. They vowed to further international anti-graft cooperation aimed at maintaining pressure on international fugitives.  The campaign aims to hunt fugitives, recover proceeds, and curb cross-border corruption. The individual crackdown will be carried out by different authorities, like the National Commission will conduct the recovery of illegal proceedings of duty-related crimes. China’s People’s Bank of China will work with the Ministry of Public Security, to stop illicit fund transfers abroad and to offshore firms through an underground banking system. The anti-graft body reported that over 1597 corruption fugitives have been repatriated to China under the 2024 Sky Net Campaign. (“China to maintain high pressure on corruption fugitives,” Xinhua, 24 March 2025)

ECONOMY
China announces rules for “anti-foreign sanctions list ” initiative
On 24 March, China’s Premier Li Qiang signed an order to execute rules to further Chinese countermeasures foreign sanctions. The rules implement the anti-foreign sanctions law passed in 2021. If implemented any firm, entity, or individual used discriminatory measures against Chinese firms or citizens will be added to China’s anti-sanctions list. Those on the list will be denied entry into China and will be removed from China. The assets of the deported individuals or firms will be frozen or even seized, as they will be restricted from doing any business in China. The restriction will on be education, science and technology, legal, trade, culture, and even the health sector. (“China rolls out new rules to step up countermeasures to foreign sanctions,” Reuters, 24 March 2025)

China’s Finance Minister offers “world's most promising super-sized market,” to foreign CEOs
On 24 March, China’s Finance Minister Lan Fo called to implement proactive fiscal policies at the China Development Forum 2025. He noted that there are economic difficulties and challenges, and China has gained rich experience in economic and fiscal understanding. He expressed full confidence in the Chinese economy stating that it has numerous advantages, strong resilience, and fiscal governance. All the while giving room to respond to possible shocks and challenges. Lan said: “China has the world's most promising super-sized market, with immense potential for consumption growth.” To support this, China plans to issue an ultra-long special treasury bond in 2025 of USD 181 billion. He also ensured that the executives would be given equal treatment and an environment in which to invest. (“China's finance minister vows more proactive fiscal policy,” CGTN, 24 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
“Fictional," says the Philippines on Beijing’s South China Sea claims
On 24 March, Philippines Defense Secretary Gilberto Teodoro calls China’s claims in the South China Sea “the biggest fiction and a lie.” He noted that no Southeast Asian country will accept such claims and China’s President’s aggressive postulate has undermined the years of goodwill. He also informed of the new incidents involving Chinese forces at Scarborough Island. Philippine’s Coast Guard Commodore Jay Tarriela informed that China has installed new floating barriers to prevent fishermen from the Philippines from entering the lagoon. Teodoro called for: “stronger national defense posture,” and continued engagement with allied countries posed by China. He also said: “No ASEAN country accepts the legitimacy of that 10-dash line, because that is the biggest fiction and lie that can be sold to any right-thinking person.” He also remarked on China’s presidential policies and politics and said: “It’s caused by Xi Jinping and his abusive ways … that would possibly destroy the leadership of his party in China and the goodwill that was nurtured by his predecessors.” (“Philippine defense chief calls China’s claims in the South China Sea ‘the biggest fiction and lie’,” AP, 24 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China’s Chairman to NPC affirms bilateral ties with Italy’s Senate President
On 24 March, China’s Chairman for the National People’s Congress, Zhao Leji, met with Italy’s Senate President, Ignazio La. Zhao expounded that the key to healthy China-Italy relations is mutual respect and seeking common ground when facing differences. China appreciates Italy’s adherence to the one-China policy, and they invite Italy to invest in China’s shipbuilding, new energy, and aerospace industry, stated Zhao. Zhao said: “China is ready to work with the EU to use the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic ties as an opportunity to promote the sustained, steady, and sound development of China-EU relations, and hopes Italy will continue to play a positive role in this regard.” La expressed that China and Italy should work together to contribute to world peace and stability. And to expand cooperation in the fields of economy, trade, sciences, and technology. (“China's top legislator holds talks with Italy's Senate president,” CGTN, 25 March 2025)

CHINA & AMERICAS
Canada escalates a dispute against Chinese duties on produce at the WTO
On 24 March, Canada escalated a dispute against China’s imposition of additional duties on Canada’s produce to the World Trade Organization (WTO). They requested the WTO to consult China over the measure of imposing additional import duties on agricultural and fishery products from Canada. These tariffs were announced this month on rapeseed oil and peas imported with a 100 per cent surcharge. China has been the largest consumer of Canada’s canola and rapeseed oil. Additionally, China imposed 25 per cent tariffs on aquatic products and pork. The industry leaders from Canada stated that they will be hit by the new tariffs imposed. Last year, Canada imposed 100 per cent tariffs on Chinese EVs and also imposed surcharges on aluminum and steel imports from China. China’s Ministry of Commerce noted that these policies: “disrupted the normal trade order and harmed the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese enterprises.” (“Canada files WTO trade action against Chinese agriculture, fishery import tariffs,” SCMP, 25 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 22-24 March 2025, Saturday-Monday | Vol.2 No. 64 & 65
DEFENSE
China’s PLA is using DeepSeek’s AI for non-combative training and support, reports SCMP
On 23 March, SCMP reported that Chian’s People’s Liberation Army uses DeepSeek’s AI for tactical support. It is largely used for intelligence and decision-making. Currently, DeepSeek’s LLM model is being used at PLA hospitals and the People’s Armed Police. Central Theater Command announced the embedded deployment of the model to support doctors. They are also being used at the elite PLA General Hospital “301 Hospital,” where top brass officials stay and get treated. The paramilitary forces under the Chinese Central Military Commission are using the app for daily physical training and psychological counseling. PLA has plans to utilize AI for military defense. (“China’s PLA is using DeepSeek AI for non-combat support. Will actual combat be next?,” SCMP, 23 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China unveils deep-seas cable cutting technology, reports SCMP
On 22 March, SCMP reported that China unveiled technology that can cut deep-sea cables. China’s Ship Scientific Research Centre (CSSRC), along with the State Key Laboratory of Deep-Sea Manned Vehicles, developed this technology. The tool will be able to cut lines in depths of 4000 meters and has been designated specifically for submersibles like Fendouzhe, Striver, and Haidou of China. The device can cut through armored cables protected with rubber, steel, and polymer sheaths. The tools are used for seabed mining the dual-use potential and sent alarms. The team lead, Hu Haolong said: “The cutting tool’s design has overcome several formidable technical challenges arising from the deep.” (“China unveils a powerful deep-sea cable cutter that could reset the world order,” SCMP, 22 March 2025)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
China imposes anti-dumping duties on Japanese imports of resorcinol
On 22 March, China’s Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) imposed anti-dumping duties on resorcinol from Japan for five years. Noting that the continued imports from Japan are harming their domestic resorcinol industry. This will be initiated from 23 March after being requested by China’s resorcinol industry. Resorcinol is an antiseptic/disinfectant used by pharmaceutical companies. This is used to treat skin disorders, eczema, and other dermatitis issues. (“Anti-dumping duties on Japanese resorcinol extend for five more years: MOFCOM,” Global Times, 22 March 2025)

ECONOMY
Premier Li Qiang says China’s economy has “great vitality”
On 23 March, China’s Premier Li Qiang addressed the gathering at the China Development Forum 2025. Where he expounded that China will further the market access in all sectors. He noted that the Chinese economy is resilient and has great vitality. The theme of this meeting is “Unleashing Development Momentum for Stable Growth.” More than 80 top officials and executives attended the meeting, Li welcomed the business worldwide to China. Heads of Applem, Pfizer, Mastercard, and others attended the meeting. China Council for the Promotion of International Trade informed that it welcomes Apple to further the supply chain operations in China as the council met with Apple CEO Tim Cook. Li said: “We have prepared for possible unexpected shocks, which, of course, mainly come from external sources. Where necessary, the Chinese government will introduce new policies to ensure the smooth operation of the Chinese economy.” (“Premier Li Qiang pledges expanded market access for foreign investors,” CGTN, 23 March 2025)

CHINA & EAST ASIA
Japan-China-South Korea Foreign Ministers discuss geopolitical tensions and trilateral cooperation
On 22 March, the foreign ministers of China, Japan, and South Korea held a trilateral meeting on issues such as natural disasters, aging demography, declining birthrate, green economy, and the geopolitical climate. The meeting was attended by all Foreign Ministers, China’s Wang Yi, South Korea’s Cho Tae-yul, and Japan's Takeshi Iwaya. They agreed on the need to tackle multi-generational concerns and have mutual trust and understanding. Iwaya expressed his concerns regarding North Korean troops' participation in and enlistment in the Russia-Ukraine war and called to push for North Korea’s full denuclearization. Iwaya said: “There is no place in the world for unilateral attempts to change the status quo by force, a subtle message about China’s growing assertiveness in the region.” Wang Yi noted the need to recognize the regional economy and called to resume talks on economic frameworks. Iwaya also urged China to lift the ban on Japan’s seafood imports over the Fukushima treated water release. Cho also noted that North Korea must not be rewarded for its wrongdoings by siding with Russia. (“Japan, China and South Korea discuss trilateral cooperation,” AP, 21 March 2025)

Japan protests against China misquoting Prime Minister Ishiba’s
On 24 March, Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary protested against China’s false reporting and misquoting Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba’s remarks on the Foreign Minister’s trilateral meeting. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs noted that Ishiba affirmed that they respect China’s position, as Wang Yi asked: “fulfill important political commitments on historical issues and the Taiwan question,” and that Japan should send “the right signal to the world with a responsible attitude towards history, the people and the future.” Japan got back and stated that no such statements were made and Japan’s Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshimasa Hayashi held a press conference. Hayashi noted that Japan protested against the statement and called for immediate removal of the same as it was not factual. He also noted that it is regrettable that a non-factual statement was issued. (“Japan protests Chinese government statement it says misquoted PM Ishiba,” Reuters, 24 March 2025)

“A nearby neighbor is better than a distant relative,” says Wang Yi at the China-Japan-South Korea meeting
On 21 March, Foreign Ministers of Japan South Korea, and Japan for a trilateral meeting. China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi noted that China gives utmost importance to the cooperation between the three countries and that this cooperation started early and has played an important role in enhancing mutual trust. Wang said: “A nearby neighbor is better than a distant relative,” expounding that the world is becoming unstable which underscores the need for their full cooperation. He also said: “As China-Japan-ROK relations develop further, regional peace and stability will be better guaranteed. As their cooperation deepens, countries in the region will be better equipped to respond to various external challenges.” Additionally, he expressed that China is willing to work with Japan and South Korea to uphold multilateralism and safeguard the role of the international system and the United Nations for global peace and prosperity. (“China confident in China-Japan-ROK cooperation prospects: Wang Yi,” CGTN, 22 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Malaysia faces pressure from the US to curb illegal sale of Nvidia chips to China, reports Financial Times
On 24 March, Financial Times reported on the pressure facing Malaysia by the US to control Nvidia chips reaching China. Malaysia’s Trade Minister Zafrul Aziz noted that the US government demanded tight regulation and close track on the movement of Nvidia chips. Aziz said: “[The U.S. is] asking us to make sure that we monitor every shipment that comes to Malaysia when it involves Nvidia chips,” and that “They want us to make sure that servers end up in the data centers that they're supposed to and not suddenly move to another ship.” Recently, worries regarding illegal sales escalated as Singapore detainee three men over USD390 million fraud case of alleged sale of Nvidia chips to China through Malaysia. Aziz also believes that Nvidia chips reached China after passing through Malaysia, he also said: “The US is also putting a lot of pressure on their own companies to be responsible for making sure they arrive at their rightful destination.” (“Malaysia to crack down on Nvidia chip flows under US pressure,” Financial Times, 24 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
India imposes anti-dumping duties on Chinese products
On 23 March, The Economic Times reported that India imposed anti-dumping duties on four Chinese products. These are Soft Ferrite Cores, vacuum-insulated flasks, aluminum foil, and Trichloro Isocyanuric acid. This was announced by India’s Central Board of Indirect Taxes and Customs, Department of Revenue, and noted that duties will be levied for the coming five years. They imposed USD 276 per ton in imports. The duties imposed are aimed to ensure a level playing field for domestic producers. The duties were imposed on the recommendation of the Directorate General of Trade Remedies, which is the investigative arm of the Commerce Ministry of India. (“India imposes anti-dumping duty on 4 Chinese products,” The Economic Times, 23 March 2025)

CHINA & AFRICA
Xi attends Namibia’s President inauguration
On 21 March, China’s President Xi Jinping attended the inaugural ceremony of the Namibian President, Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah. China’s Vice President Peng Qinghua also attended the ceremony and met with the newly inaugurated President. Peng conveyed Xi’s warm regards to the new President and the 35^th anniversary of Namibia’s independence. Peng also noted the years of traditional friendship between Namibia and China and expressed that China is willing to give opportunities for a high-level exchange. Aimed at deepening mutual cooperation and international coordination.  Nandi also thanked Xi Jinping and spoke highly of their bilateral cooperation. She expressed hope that their cooperation will deepen in various fields. Representatives and dignitaries from 30 countries attended the inauguration ceremony. (“President Xi Jinping's special envoy attends inauguration of Namibian president,” CGTN, 22 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 21 March 2025, Friday | Vol.2 No. 63
INTERNAL
China’s tourism sees 34.9 per cent hike, says an editorial in CGTN
On 20 March, CGTN published an editorial titled “'China Travel' continues to heat up with huge rise in foreign visitors.” The note looked into the surge of visitors traveling to China after the visa-free transit policy was imposed on 17 December 2024. This policy led to 8.885 million foreigners visiting China, which has led to a 34.9 percent hike in tourists compared to last year. The editorial noted that China had advanced its unilateral visa-free policy to welcome global travelers. This policy includes 38 countries with 30 days stay.  Beijing Border Inspection Terminal reported that people transiting China’s Beijing Daxing International Airport has exceeded by 1 million. In the southwest regions of China, Yunnan has become the hub for China-Laos tourism from the Kunming-Mohan Land Port hub. This has facilitated student exchange, information communication at border checkpoints, and the opening of schools. Harbin Taiping International Airport, in northeast China, has a 240-hour visa-free transit policy. (“‘China Travel' continues to heat up with a huge rise in foreign visitors,” CGTN, 20 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
US imposes sanctions on Chinese firms and individuals for buying and storing Iranian oil
On 20 March, the US Treasury imposed sanctions on the Chinese “teapot” refinery, and the vessels that supply crude oil, noting related with Iran. This is the fourth sanction of its kind, as the Trump administration aims to put maximum pressure, in order to curtail Iran’s ambitions to obtain nuclear weapons. The new sanction targets Shandong Shouguang Luqing Petrochemical Co, Ltd., which allegedly bought oil from the vessel linked to Yemen’s Iran-supported Houthi movement, says the US State Department spokeswoman Tammy Bruce. “Teapots” are refiners that primarily are buyers so Iranian oil, as China is the largest oil imported from Iran. The Treasury also imposed sanctions on other 12 entities for buying oil from Iran. Additionally, sanctions were imposed on Wang Xueqing, linked to the refinery, and added to America’s list of prohibited lists of people to do business with. They also flagged Huaying Huizhou Daya Bay Petrochemical Terminal Storage for buying and storing Iranian oil from a sanctioned vessel. (“US slaps Iran-related sanctions on oil tankers, Chinese ‘teapot’ refinery,” SCMP, 21 March 2025)

Canadian farmers face the brunt of China-Canada trade tensions, reports Reuters
On 21 March, Reuters reported on the Canadian farmer's plight as they get sandwiched between Canada-China trade tensions. The farmers are facing pressure from China’s tariffs on canola oil, canned meals, and additional US tariffs. A farmer from Canada Sawyer said: “The seed has already been bought. The inputs have already been bought. We have to seed it. We have no choice but to move forward.” China in early March imposed tariffs of over USD 2.6 billion on Canadian produce, as a retaliation against Canada’s tariffs imposed last year. They decided to match Canada’s duties of 100 and 25 per cent of EVs and aluminum. It is also noted that machinery manufacturers in Canada report that farmers are buying less equipment citing low returns and risk of tariffs. To defend their farms, farmers are taking cheap loans to fund this year’s crop, as they steer clear from major purchases. Canadian Canola Growers Association said: “A lot of our customers are very concerned about whether they're going to be able to sell their product this year, and what the prices are going to be.” (“Canadian farmers face two-front trade war as China duties take effect,” Reuters, 21 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Baidu refutes user’s intel leak
On 20 March, China’s tech giant Baidu refuted claims that there had been an intel leak by their top executive's teenage daughter. The daughter is said to have posted personal details of internet users. Baidu is China’s largest cloud provider; a controversy was sparked after the daughter of the Vice President posted private information of the users. Baidu replied that all employees are prohibited from accessing user information and that the teenager's post was through a doxing database from another platform. The Vice President apologized on his daughter's behalf and informed her that she obtained information from overseas networking sites. On 20 March, Baidu’s share fell by 4 per cent in Hong Kong. (“China's Baidu denies data breach after executive's daughter leaks personal info,” Baidu, 21 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Nepal’s Prime Minister on China-Nepal border management agreement and opening 14 border points
On 20 March, Nepal Monitor reported on Nepal’s Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli’s statements on China-Nepal 2019 Boundary Management System, and its plans to reopen 14 border points along the border. Oil while addressing the House of Representatives meeting noted regulations have been instated for entry into China and the pass for Nepali citizens from the districts adjoining China. Oli noted that this agreement plays a major role in their bilateral relations and that since the agreement it has benefited 800,000. This will boost trade and infrastructure, notes Oli. (“PM Oli Explains Nepal-China Agreement on Border Management,” Nepal Monitor, 21 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China’s growth in high-tech industries pulling German firms down, says DW
On 20 March, an editorial was published in DW titled “China's growing grip on key German industries.” This looked into the growth of China’s firms and production and how is it affecting Germany’s technological and innovation development. Centre for European Reform reported that Germany’s industries are facing a five-year decline threatening 5.5 million jobs and 20 per cent of its GDP. This is because of the Russia-Ukraine war and even more because of China’s unprecedented growth in the high-tech innovation sector. Kiel Institute for the World Economy employee, Holger Görg said: “China has caught up in several advanced industries ... they are very strong in these areas ... and that is contributing to Germany's poor growth performance.” The rise of Chinese EVs threatens thousands of jobs and the closure of production firms. The editorial noted that the reason for the rise has been the policy by the CPC to provide heavy subsidies that allow Chinese firms to manufacture goods at a cheap rate and in large quantities. (“China's growing grip on key German industries,” DW, 20 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China’s tech supplier firm sells assets worth USD 4.6 billion under US sanctions
On 21 March, SCMP reported that China’s supplier firm Wingtech Technology sold its 4.6 billion assets Luxshare. The firm was a major supplier for Apple and other electronics companies, which faced heavy losses after US sanctions. The Chinese firm has agreed to sign five of its subsidiaries to Luxshare Precision Industry, reports the Shanghai Stock Exchange. This would mean a full exit from the market and the firms will now only focus on semiconductor production. Wingtech was added to the US entity list under the Biden administration, as a threat to the US national security and foreign policy interests. Wingtech stated that this has affected their business by: “ leading to unfavourable situations such as difficulties in securing new project orders and the loss of existing project orders.” (“Wingtech sells 4.6 billion yuan of assembly assets to Luxshare after US sanctions losses,” SCMP, 21 March 2025)

China condemns calls for information on Chinese students in US universities
On 21 March, China urges the US to halt discriminatory practices against Chinese students, citing a national security threat. This comes after the US congressional panel and the Chair of the House Select Committee, John Moolenaar asked the universities of Standford, Carnegie Mellon, and others to send detailed information on Chinese students enrolled. The panel believes that the Chinese government has embedded researchers in American institutes to gain access to sensitive technology. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, spokesperson, Mao Ning, said: “This is in the interest of both parties,” Mao told reporters at a daily briefing. “We urge the U.S. to stop overstretching the concept of national security, effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese students, and not impose discriminatory restrictive measures on Chinese students.” Mao noted that Chinese students account for one-quarter of all international students and that this has promoted economic prosperity and technological developments between both countries. Moolenaar accused institutions of risking American research in exchange for financial gains. (“China calls for protections for students in the US after congressional panel demands data from colleges,” AP, 21 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 20 March 2025, Thursday | Vol.2 No. 62 
CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Nepal police thwart currency smuggling by China
On 18 March, Nepal thwarted efforts to smuggle NRS 250 million dollars and euros to China, by the Kathmandu Valley Crime Investigation Office. The office is under Nepal police, where they announced that foreign currency was confiscated from a freight truck. The Spokesperson for the Valley Crime Office, Kaji Kumar Acharaya said: “Upon investigation, we found a false button on the upper side of the vehicle's bonnet. From there, we retrieved bundles wrapped with plastic tape. It was suspected that money was wrapped properly using the tapes to hide it clandestinely. We confiscated it all; upon counting, it was a total of 60 bundles, and then we unwrapped the bundles and found Euros and US dollars.” (“Nepal Police thwarts foreign currency smuggling attempt to China, confiscate thousands of USD, Euro,” ANI, 18 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
EU introduces “Steel and Metals Action Plan,” to curb Chinese steel imports
On 18 March, the Europe Commission introduced the “Steel and Metals Action Plan,” aimed at stringent steel imports and a reduction of imports by 15 per cent. The initiative is an extension of the plan of 2018 that will expire in one year. The Europe Commission said Cheap imports from China and India have affected the EUs steel producers. The plan notes: “The industry remains threatened by global excess capacities and by global distortions from China and other countries that artificially support their domestic industries or circumvent EU trade defence measures and sanctions.” Brussels also plans to impose the “melted and poured rule,” aimed to reach back countries circumventing the penalties. European Commission’s Executive Vice President Stephane Sejourne said: “Our competitors must not be able to take advantage of gaps in our regulatory framework, and this is why we are planning to make some changes.” China currently produces 55 per cent of the global steel output. (“EU moves to curb steel imports to protect the military industrial base from China overcapacity,” SCMP, 20 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Canada condemns execution of its citizens in China for drug smuggling  
On 19 March, Canada’s Foreign Affairs Minister informed that China has executed four Canadians under drug-smuggling charges. The Minister, Melanie Joly, called for clemency for the accused of other drug-related cases and dual citizenship charges in China. China’s Embassy in Canada stated that the executions were due to drug crimes and that China does not recognize dual citizenship. Joly condemned the executions and asked for leniency. Spokesperson of Global Affairs, Charlotte MacLeod informed that they are providing consular assistance to the families. She notes that Canada continues to support clemency for Robert Schellenberg, who is sentenced to death for drug smuggling. China’s Embassy in Canada noted: “The facts of the crimes committed by the Canadian nationals involved in the cases are clear, and the evidence is solid and sufficient.” (“Canada says China executed four Canadians earlier this year,” AP, 20 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China’s state security ministry issues death penalty against espionage detainee
On 20 March, China’s Ministry of State of Security (MSS) warned against espionage activities in the country, where agencies are using surveys, academic exchanges, and hobby groups to collate intelligence. A former engineer from a Chinese research institute was detained and sentenced to death for selling information to foreigners. MSS informed that the detained carefully planned to sell the intelligence. After being detained from his job, he collected classified information to blackmail the institute. He travelled around the globe for half a year, with compromising information. The MSS called the public to have extra caution when they receive surveys and emails from unknown sources. MSS said: “For personal professional interests, especially those involving core sensitive areas, it emphasizes the need for sound judgment, adherence to security protocols, and caution against being lured by curiosity into compromising national security and strictly adhere to the bottom line.” (“Foreign espionage agencies conduct intelligence collection under guise of surveys and hobby groups: China's MSS,” Global Times, 20 March 2025; “Ex-researcher sentenced to death for spying, China says,” BBC, 19 March 2025)

CHINA & AFRICA
China develops quantum-secured communication and South Africa
On 20 March, CGTN reported that a Chinese scientist team was able to develop quantum-secured communication for 12,900 km from China to South Africa. This will be done by Jianan-1 micro nano satellites, which have the potential to have secure quantum communication at the global scale. This was done by the team of the University of Science and Technology of China, who were able to develop Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) between satellites of China and South Africa. The paper was published in Nature, and peer reviews lauding the achievement noted “considerable progress towards trusted-node constellations for wide-spread satellite QKD services" and shows "the maturity of the satellite QKD technology.” (“Chinese-led team achieves 10,000-km quantum-secured communication,” CGTN, 20 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Port fine on Chinese vessels using American ports has led to unsold coal pile up, says Reuters
On 20 March, Reuters reported an exclusive on Trump’s plans to impose fines on Chinese ships using American ports. The exclusive noted that this measure has led to coal inventories swelling up as exporters struggle to find ships to export their products. Currently, the Trump administration is drafting orders to levy fines worth USD 1.5 million on Chinese ships and even built. The port fees have limited the options of ships available to export agricultural produce, mining, and construction goods. If the proposal is enacted it would put USD 130 billion worth of shipments at risk. Coal mines in West Virginia are also laying off employees as unsold coals pile up, says the CEO of the West Virginia Coal Association, Chris Hamilton. (“Exclusive: Proposed US port fees on China-built ships begin choking coal, agriculture exports,” Reuters, 20 March 2025)

China’s commerce ministry and Pepsi CEO discuss investments and growth
On 18 March, China’s Vice Commerce Minister, Wang Shouwen met with the head of US firm PepsiCo. Where Wang noted that stable US-China ties are in the fundamental interest of both nations. He met with the CEO of the firm Ramon Lagurata as they exchanged views of the bilateral economic interest and trade ties. Wang said: “A series of policy measures introduced by the country to expand domestic demand and promote consumption will provide more opportunities for foreign-invested enterprises, including PepsiCo.” Laguarta thanked China’s consumption policies which has led to his firm's growth and pledged to increase investments in local operations to deepen engagement with the Chinese market. (“Stable China-U.S. economic, trade relations will benefit firms worldwide: vice minister,” CGTN, 19 March 2025)

VOA public funding ban “lamenting the loss of a tool to smear China?” says an opinion in Global Times
On 19 March, Global Times published an opinion titled “VOA a biased lens, never ‘an important window’ into China.” Where is looked into the cutting of public funding to Voice of America (VOA) media operations? The editorial mocked the mourning of the VOA as they had to send many of its employees to paid leave. The editorial finds VOA as a propaganda tool to manufacture lies, questioning us the press genuinely mourning for the loss of press freedom or the loss of a tool to smear China. Global Times called the VOA’s “China reporting manual,” as notorious. VOA has been awarded for its reporting on Covid-19, it was the first to report on the condition of dentition centers in Xinjiang and even reported on the defectors in North Korea. The editorial decrees “VOA has long viewed China through a lens of prejudice and distortion, fabricating news. How could it have ever opened a "window"? It only forces the world to wear "cognitive sunglasses" clouded by ideological fog.” (“VOA a biased lens, never ‘an important window’ into China,” Global Times, 19 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 19 March 2025, Wednesday | Vol.2 No. 61
CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Pakistan’s Navy launches new Hangor class submarines, built by Chinese shipbuilding firm
On 15 March, Pakistan’s Navy conducted a ceremony for the second Hangor-class submarine with the Wuchang Shipbuilding Industry, Shuangliu Base, Wuhan China. Pakistan’s Chief of Naval Staff, Vice Admiral Ovais Ahmed Bilgrami in his speech highlighted the importance of maritime security in the geo-strategic environment. Ovais noted that the Hangor Class submarines are equipped with weapons and sensors that would be vital to maintain the balance of power in the maritime domain. He also expressed gratitude for the tireless efforts of China’s Shipbuilding and Offshore International Company Ltd (CSOC). Pakistan signed an agreement with the CSOC to acquire eight submarines, out of which four will be built in China and the other half in Pakistan’s Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works Ltd. (“Pakistan Navy Launches Second Hangor-class Submarine in China,” Naval News, 17 March 2025)

CHINA & CENTRAL ASIA
China-Kazakhstan leaders meet for 12^th China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Committee
On 18 March, China’s Vice Premier, Ding Xuexiang met Kazakhstan’s First Deputy Prime Minister, Roman Skylar for the 12^th China-Kazakhstan Cooperation Committee. Ding noted that both sides should implement a consensus reached by both countries and enhance mutual trust. Ding wants to synergize development and deepen practical cooperation. Ding called for four sets of suggestions: the role of head-of-state-diplomacy, high-quality BRI cooperation, furthering the role of law and security cooperation, and promoting people-to-people exchanges. Skylar: “Kazakhstan regards the development of relations with China as a diplomatic priority. It stands ready to work with the Chinese side to fully leverage bilateral cooperation mechanisms, ensure the effective implementation of key Belt and Road cooperation projects, and advance new achievements in Kazakhstan-China cooperation.” (“China, Kazakhstan vow to deepen practical cooperation,” CGTN, 19 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
Five detained in Huawei corruption case in EU parliament  
On 18 March, five individuals were acquitted in Belgium over suspicion of being involved in a European Parliament corruption investigation that found traces of Chinese firm Huawei. Dozens of raids took place in Belgium and Portugal. The court found the five guilty of “active corruption and criminal organization” and kept them in pre-trial detention.” Huawei said: “Huawei has a zero-tolerance policy towards corruption or other wrongdoing, and we are committed to complying with all applicable laws and regulations at all times.” (“5 charged, new raids in Huawei corruption probe at EU parliament in Belgium,” SCMP, 19 March 2025)

China’s Ambassador to the United Kingdom elaborates on Two Sessions and the bilateral investments 
On 17 March, China’s Ambassador to the United Kingdom, Zheng Zeguang called for business firms in both countries to seize the opportunities at hand as China’s economy continues to stabilize. Zheng spoke on the annual Two Sessions that happened recently, as he noted that China is committed to furthering modernization, Zheng said that Two Sessions is: “the secret behind the two miracles of rapid economic development and long-term social stability.” Chairman of the China-Britain Business Council, Sherard Cowper-Coles, said: “It talks about increasing consumption, putting more money in the pockets of the Chinese people, stimulating innovation and opening China up more to investment, and inviting visitors around the world not just commercial businesses, but the tourists and students as well, all very very important.” (“China's development offers opportunities for China-UK ties: ambassador,” CGTN, 19 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 18 March 2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 60
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
BYD to launch “super e-platform,” says its founder
On 17 March, The Guardian reported that China’s EV giant BYD will unveil a new charging system across China with a super-fast charging option, informs BYD founder, Wang Chuanfu. The “super e-platform” will be able to refill as fast as pump gas with a charging speed of 1000kw and the cars will be able to travel for 400km. This will be twice as fast as Tesla cars whose latest version can with a speed of 500kw. Wang said: “In order to completely solve our users’ charging anxiety, we have been pursuing a goal to make the charging time of electric vehicles as short as the refueling time of petrol vehicles.” The new archetype will be available for the new EV model Han L sedan and Tang L SUV. (“Chinese EV maker BYD says the new fast-charging system could be as quick as filling up a tank,” The Guardian, 18 March 2025)

China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs appreciates Modi’s statement on India-China relations
On 17 March, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs appreciated India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s statement on India-China relations. Modi’s comments were made to the US podcaster Lex Fridman, where he stated that China-India had achieved normalcy after the leaders met. He also noted that they hope to restore ties pre-2020 which was the Doklam incident. Modi urged that and said: “Differences don’t become disputes.” This statement by Modi comes after the recent disengagement agreement signed between the two countries. China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson, Mao Ning noted that both countries: “have earnestly implemented the important consensus of the leaders of the two countries, strengthened exchanges and practical cooperation at all levels, and achieved a series of positive results.” Mao also noted: “It is the only right choice for China and India to be partners who contribute to each other’s success and to realize the ‘Dance of the Dragon and the Elephant’.” (“China welcomes PM comments on ‘normalcy’ at the border after meeting with Xi,” The Hindu, 17 March 2025)

INTERNAL
Hong Kong leader opposes the “coercion” by external actors in the sale of CK Hutchison shares sale
On 18 March, Hong Kong politician and leader John Lee expressed that his government is against foreign investors' and governments' “bullying tactics.” This was the response to the recent sale of shares by a Hong Kong firm to US firms giving shares to Panama ports.  CK Hutchison sold most of its global port business worth USD 22.8 billion which was strategically situated near the Panama Canal. Lee said: “(Hong Kong) government urges foreign governments to provide a fair and just environment for enterprises,” and “We oppose the abusive use of coercion or bullying tactics in international economic and trade relations.” CK Hutchison expressed that this deal was purely commercial and unrelated to the political news. (“Hong Kong leader John Lee opposes ‘coercion and bullying’ by foreign governments,” The Strait Times, 18 March 2025)

Foreign CEO from Europe to attend annual China Development Forum
On 17 March, Reuters reported that the annual China Development Forum is scheduled to commence on 23 March at Beijing's Diaoyutai State Guesthouse. It is expected that dozens of foreign CEOs will visit China for the flagship meet on development and out of them few will also meet China’s President Xi Jinping. Some of the attendees are CEOs of Siemens, FedEx, BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Nestle, Deutsche Bank, Estee Lauder, Standard Chartered and others. This year’s European CEO's representation is much higher than the previous year. Executives of top mining and healthcare firms will also take part. This meeting has been analyzed under the recent the recent tariffs imposed by US President Donald Trump, it is believed that in light of these tariffs. There is an increased focus on European Firms and the Chinese government seeks to invite foreign investments. (“Foreign CEOs to flock to China for key summit, Xi meeting, sources say,” Reuters, 18 March 2025)

ECONOMY
China’s new economic plan to boost consumption, reports SCMP
On 17 March, SCMP reported on the economic plan to increase domestic consumption. Where China’s General Office of CPC came out with plans to engineer increased consumption and economic growth. They released the 30-point plan on the following to boost demand: lowering childcare costs, supporting senior citizens, stabilizing the stock and property market, small businesses get paid, inviting FDIs, increasing automotive consumption, re-organizing unnecessary business, and AI investments among others. Xinhua (the flagship newspaper of China) noted: “By connecting consumer spending to broader social goals like elderly care improvement, childcare support, and work-life balance, the plan embeds consumption growth within China’s wider development objectives, signaling that consumption is being positioned not just as an economic target but as a means to enhance the quality of life.” (“What is actually in China’s new plan to boost consumer spending?” SCMP, 17 March 2025)

OUTERSPACE
China’s CERES-1 rocket sends eight satellites in the sun-synchronous orbit
On 17 March, China’s CERES-1 a commercial rocket launched eight satellites in the sun-synchronous orbit. The carrier blasted from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center; the mission was called: “Auld Lang Syne.” One of the satellites Yunyao-1 is equipped with a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), it has an occultation detection payload. This payload enables satellites to collect atmospheric temperature, humidity, and pressure. The constellation aims to create a real-time global ionospheric and atmospheric detection system, to aid the global weather forecast. These specific satellites will provide real-time forecasts with a 20-minute difference for countries under BRI. (“China's CERES-1 commercial rocket sends 8 satellites into preset orbit,” CGTN, 17 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China and UK pledge to address climate change issues
On 18 March, China’s Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang met with the UK Secretary of State of Energy Security and Net Zero, Ed Miliband to further cooperate on climate change issues. Ding noted that China is ready to work with the UK to implement the consensus reached by the leaders of both countries, consolidate bilateral ties, and deepen cooperation in areas of trade, investments, and low-carbon development while jointly collaborating on climate change issues. Miliband said: “he UK government sincerely hopes to enhance engagement with China, is committed to developing a long-term and constructive bilateral relationship, and stands ready to strengthen cooperation with China on energy security and addressing climate change.” (“China, UK pledge to jointly address climate change,” CGTN, 18 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 14-17 March 2025, Friday- Monday | Vol.2 No. 57-59
ECONOMY
China’s plans to boost domestic consumption, says China’s General Office
On 16 March, China’s General Office of the Communist Party of China issued a special initiative to further domestic consumption. This comes after a heavy focus and an agenda was set to boost domestic consumption in 2025. The office aims to boost domestic consumption and stimulate domestic demand. Increase the spending power of the consumer by increasing their earning by reducing financial burdens. The plan will have eight major sections to address factors like income growth, consumption quality, big-ticket consumption and the consumption environment improvement. They plan to expand property income by stabilizing the stock market and developing bonds suitable for individual investors. (“China unveils plan on special initiatives to boost consumption,” CGTN, 16 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DeepSeek employees face travel ban; passports confiscated by parent firm High Flyer
On 15 March, The Information reported that DeepSeek has issued travel restrictions on its employees, noting that it could pose a national security threat. Since the launch of the AI firm that made waves around the world, it launched its serially cheap R1 model. The government has now dubbed the firm as a national treasure. DeepSeek’s parent company, High-Flyer, is holding onto employees’ passports and has prevented them from travelling freely abroad. This is reckoned to be a broader directive from the government as they advised AI researchers to avoid traveling to the US to avoid information leaks. (“DeepSeek, a National Treasure in China, is Now Being Closely Guarded,” The Information, 14 March 2025; “DeepSeek employees given travel restrictions,” EuroWeekly, 16 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Myanmar pushes for Chinese project despite civil-military conflict, says an editorial in The Irrawaddy
On 13 March, an editorial in The Irrawaddy titled “Myanmar Junta Pushes Chinese BRI projects in Rakhine Amid Fierce Fighting.” The author noted that despite the conflict between the Arakan Army (AA) and the Rakhine State, the military wants to develop China-funded projects further. They cited Deputy Chief of Central Committee on Myanmar Special Economic Zones, Soe Win, who noted that Kyaukphyu Special Economic Zone (SEZ) is paramount to Myanmar’s geopolitical and economic development and said “the project must succeed.” Win stated that the implementation of the Kyaukphyu deep-sea port will further increase cooperation with China under the China-Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC) and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI).  (“Myanmar Junta Pushes Chinese BRI projects in Rakhine Amid Fierce Fighting,” The Irrawaddy, 13 March 2025)

INTERNAL
China condemns Hong Kong firm’s sale of Panama port shares to the US firms
On 14 March, The Guardian reported that China’s Hong Kong and Macau Affairs Office (HKMAO) condemned the deal between CK Hutchison and the US firm BlackRock. CK Hutchison sold its shares in Panama Ports Company to the US firm. After this, the shares of the Hong Kong-based firm fell by 6 per cent. A strongly worded commentary was published in Ta Kung Pao; the op-ed noted that this act disregards the national interest of the people of China and called out the firm for not thinking twice and considering whose side they are on. This commentary was reposted by HKMAO. This deal will give BlackRock control of 43 ports in 23 countries. The commentary said: “This deal is an act of hegemony by the US, which uses its state power to infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of other countries through despicable means such as coercion, pressure and inducement.” The co-managing director of CK Hutchison said: “I would like to stress that the transaction is purely commercial in nature and wholly unrelated to recent political news reports concerning the Panama Port.” The deal is under a 145-day negotiation period and has not yet been finalized. (“China criticises Hong Kong firm’s sale of majority stake in Panama ports,” The Guardian, 14 March 2025; “Despicable! : China lashes out at CK Hutchison for Ports Sale to US,” Newsroom Panama, 15 March 2025)

China’s Foreign Minister invites Laos to collaborate with China
On 13 March, China’s Foreign Minster Wang Yi met with his Lao counterpart Thongsavanh Phomvihane in Beijing where they pledged to further bilateral community of shared future. Wang Yi noted that over 64 years both countries have stood together through challenges and mutual support and that the comprehensive partnership grew stronger. Wang Yi said: “China firmly supports Laos in strengthening the leadership of its party and is willing to enhance strategic mutual trust, strengthen solidarity and cooperation, and promote the building of a China-Laos community with a shared future.” He noted that China welcomes Lao to invest in new opportunities provided by China. Thongsavanh congratulated China for concluding their two-session meeting and the outcomes they came out with. He also lauded China’s “leapfrog” development in the face of a complex external environment. He said: “Laos firmly adheres to the one-China policy and is ready to work with China to achieve greater progress in building a Laos-China community with a shared future.” (“China, Laos pledge stronger ties for a shared future,” CGTN, 14 March 2025)

Chinese nationals repatriated from Myanmar in telecom fraud crackdowns
On 14 March, China’s Ministry of Public Security reported that Chinese nationals involved in telecom fraud from Myanmar were brought back to China through Thailand. A total of 2,876 Chinese suspects were repatriated to China from Myanmar’s Myawaddy region. On 20 February, a joint operation of repatriating and escorting telecom fraud suspects in Myawaddy was launched by China, Myanmar, and Thailand. The first batch of 200 Chinese nationals will land in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu Province, via Thailand. An official from the ministry said: “Public security authorities will intensify efforts with greater determination to deepen international law enforcement cooperation, further advance joint crackdown operations, resolutely eradicate criminal hubs, spare no effort in apprehending suspects, and safeguard the lives and property of Chinese citizens.” (“2,876 Chinese nationals repatriated from Myanmar via Thailand in telecom fraud crackdown: MPS”, Global Times, 14 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
First commercial flight from Pokhara in Nepal to Chengdu in China
On 17 March, Radio Nepal reported that regular commercial flights would be in operation at the Pokhara International Airport. The flights from Chengdu, China, will take flight on the 70th anniversary of bilateral relations between Nepal and China. The first flight takes off on 18 March 2025, Sichuan Airlines is going to operate its commercial charter flight from Pokhara. The Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) is confident that this will expand tourism and said: “Pokhara-Chengdu air service will make it easy for people from mid and western Nepal to avail aviation service as well as provide an opportunity to Chinese tourists to visit a beautiful city, Pokhara.” The NTB believes that this will encourage tourism and further the “Visit Nepal 2025” initiative by China and the “Pokhara Tourism Year” by the Nepalese government. For the first flight, a Nepalese delegation will join the “Pokhara-Chengdu Flight Promotion and China (Sichuan) Sales Mission 2025,” After reaching Chengdu, they will meet government officials, private firms, and other cities. (“Pokhara-Chengdu chartered flights to commence from Tuesday,” Radio Nepal, 17 March 2025)

Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor Muhammad Yunus to visit China and meet the President
On 16 March, The Tribune reported that Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor Muhammad Yunus would meet China’s President Xi Jinping on 28 March 2025. Bangladesh’s Chief Advisor Press Wing noted that the two leaders would issue a joint statement after the meeting. China’s Ambassador to Bangladesh, Yao Wen, met with Yunus. Yao noted that the upcoming meeting between the leaders will be the most important meeting between the two countries in the last 50 years of their bilateral relations. Yunus is scheduled to deliver a speech on Asia, “Changing World: Towards a Shared Future.” He is also set to speak at the Boao Forum, where all CEOs of major firms gather and deliver speeches. Peking University, China’s top educational institution will give an honorary doctorate to Yunus. Longi, the largest solar power panel firm, plans to set up a manufacturing office in Bangladesh. Yunus also told the ambassador that: “Bangladesh needs massive investment in healthcare. The Chinese hospital chains now have unique opportunities to construct hospitals here.” (“Muhammad Yunus to meet Chinese President Xi on March 28 to discuss bilateral issues,” The Tribune, 16 March 2025)

China condemns the passenger train hijack in Balochistan
On 12 March, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the hijack of a passenger train in Pakistan. The spokesperson of the ministry, Mao Ning, said, “We noted the reports and strongly condemn this terrorist attack.” The attack was conducted by the Balochistan Liberation Army (BLA) on the Jaffar Express. Mao extended support from China to strengthen counter-terrorism operations in Pakistan. Mao said: “China stands ready to strengthen counterterrorism and security cooperation with Pakistan and jointly keep the region peaceful, secure and stable.” The 33 militants from BLA targeted a railroad track and hijacked the train. (“Train hijack shocks Pakistan, China says 'ready' to strengthen security in Balochistan,” First Post, 13 March 2025)

CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
China’s Ambassador to Jordan affirms bilateral cooperation in Amman
On 16 March, China’s Ambassador to Jordan,  Chen Chuandong, noted that China will continue to work closely with Jordan to promote common development and contribute to regional peace and stability. This statement was made in a press conference at Amman. The press conference was on the recently concluded Two Session meeting that happened in China. Chen hailed their “strong complementarity,” and their partnership. Chen noted that China’s development is consistent with Jordan’s modernization. Chen said: “China will continue to offer initiatives and solutions for hot-spot issues, promote the political settlement of the Ukraine crisis, and strive for a comprehensive, just and lasting solution to the Palestinian issue, contributing to peace and stability in the Middle East.” (“China will continue to work closely with Jordan to promote common development: ambassador,” CGTN, 17 March 2025)

CHINA & AFRICA
Africa Energy Chamber signs MoU with China on “Invest in African Energies Forum in Shanghai”
On 13 March, the African Energy Chamber (AEC) signed MoUs for the “Invest in African Energies Forum in Shanghai.” The agreement aims to support the China-Africa energy sector by furthering partnership and technological exchanges. The first deal was signed with a tech firm, Tima Networks, where the company will bring automated fleet management technology to Africa. The second deal was signed with Yunan County Chuangxing Industrial Investment Group to develop a strategic framework for cooperation between China and the African energy sector and chemical industry. The forum is the first of its kind in scale as well, where it offers African firms to collaborate on the energy sector and Chinese firms to invest in African companies. (“Tima Networks to Create $100M Fund with African Energy Chamber (AEC),” Zawya, 14 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
Huawei at the center of Belgian anti-corruption and forgery investigation
On 13 March, a hundred Belgian police officers raided the European Parliament to uncover an “anti-corruption and forgery” scandal. The center of this probe is the Chinese tech giant Huawei Technologies.  Belgian Federal Prosecutors Office said: “The corruption is said to have been practised regularly and very discreetly from 2021 to the present day, under the guise of commercial lobbying and taking various forms, such as remuneration for taking political positions or excessive gifts such as food and travel expenses or regular invitations to football matches.” The office claimed that the alleged bribing had benefited Huawei. Offices used two parliamentary assistants were blocked as the investigation developed. Huawei said: “Huawei takes these allegations seriously and will urgently communicate with the investigation to further understand the situation.” (“Huawei named by Belgian authorities in brewing European Parliament bribery scandal,” SCMP, 13 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
CPC delegation visits Panama to consolidate bilateral relations
On 14 March, a delegation from the Communist Party of China (CPC) visited Panama, meeting leaders of political parties and scholars from think tanks. The delegation was led by the Vice Minister of International Department of CPC Ma Hui. Ma expressed that China is ready to strengthen exchanges with Panama’s politicians, political parties, and think tanks. This is aimed at developing a mutual understanding and trust to consolidate China-Panama relations. The representatives from Panama expressed a commitment to deepen friendly exchanges between the two countries to promote sustainable development between Panama and China. (“Delegation of Communist Party of China visits Panama,” Global Times, 16 March 2025)

US to introduce bill “Stop Chinese Communist Prying by Vindicating Intellectual Safeguards in Academic Act”
On 14 March, the US House of Representatives introduced a bill to prevent Chinese nationals from getting student visas. They cited that this poses a national threat as they can pose as spies. West Virgina Representative Riley Moore sponsored the “Stop Chinese Communist Prying by Vindicating Intellectual Safeguards in Academic Act.” This bill is aimed at halting the issuance of student and research visas for all Chinese nationals. Chinese students are the second largest group of students in the US after Indian students. From 2023 to 2024, 277,398 Chinese students were in the US. Moore said: “While many of these visa holders came here to study, far too many also served as intelligence gatherers or paid spies for the CCP.” He cited that five Chinese students from Michigan University were caught misleading authorities about their presence near a remote military site. He said: “We cannot eliminate this threat by simply devoting more time and money to the visa vetting process,” as “many who enter the United States with pure intentions are later recruited or coerced by the CCP.” (“US House Republicans set to introduce bill to block Chinese from student or research visas,” SCMP, 14 March 2025)

Canada will not drop tariffs against China, says Canada's Industry Minister
On 13 March, CTV News reported that Canada does not plan to drop off the tariffs against Chinese EVs, aluminum, and steel, says Canada's Industry Minister Francois-Philippe Champagne. In October 2024, Canada imposed 100 per cent tariffs against China-made EVs and 25 per cent on Chinese steel and aluminum imports. In 2025 February, China retaliated an imposed USD 4 billion in tariffs on Canada’s agricultural produce. The minister said: “We’re going to stand strong,” and that “We want to protect our industry. We want to protect our workers. We want to protect our communities.” Premier of British Columbia David Eby warned against the tariffs and urged them to rethink, noting that “We don’t want to get crushed between the two biggest economies in the world.” He also said: “We understood that he was concerned about security issues related to China, and yet he is coming after Canada far more aggressively than he is the government of China.” Champagne retaliated and noted that China is dumping cheap products and hurting the Canadian economy and industry. (“Canada won’t drop tariffs on Chinese EVs, despite trade war with U.S.: minister,” CTV, 13 March 2025)

China Reader Daily Wire | 13 March 2025, Thursday | Vol.2 No. 56 
ECONOMY
ICBC announces USD 11.04 billion to support private economy
On 12 March, the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China (ICBC) announced that it would invest USD 11.04 billion in technology and innovation to support the private economy. The funds want to reinforce the “hard technology” sector like semiconductors and advanced manufacturing over “soft technology” like the internet services. ICBC is the biggest commercial lender in the world by assets. The chairman of the lender, Liao Lin, stated that ICBC will formulate directives from central authority and outline policies with a concrete action plan to support private enterprises in the above-mentioned fields. The bank also called to be “patient capital” rather that rushed/quick profit. The annual parliamentary meeting called for plans to achieve technological breakthroughs and to further invest in technological startups. (“China's ICBC launches $11 billion technology innovation fund,” Reuters, 12 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh’s 90 per cent pupils have positive outlook on China, says a report by Centre for Alternatives Banagladesh 
On 13 March, Xinhua reported that a Center for Alternatives survey found that 90 per cent of Bangladeshi nationals have a positive stance on China. The survey titled: “National Image of China in Bangladesh” found that China and Bangladesh's economic relations have improved, and the people’s perception of Chinese society and economy are under a positive pretense. The findings were compared with surveys conducted in 2022, 2023, and 2024. The survey found that there has been a growing acknowledgment of China’s cultural heritage and global influence. It was noted that most respondents lauded China’s role in the international arena. Executive Director of the Centre for Alternative, Imtiaz Ahmed, noted that there is a positive outlook towards BRI, and the people now expect more investments and people-to-people exchange with China. (“Around 90 pct of Bangladeshi respondents stand in favor of China: survey,” Xinhua, 13 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Indonesia to impose anti-dumping duties on China, Thailand, and Taiwan's nylon film imports
On 12 March, Indonesia’s Ministry of Finance announced that it will impose anti-dumping import duties on nylon films coming from Taiwan, China, and Thailand. The regulation will take effect by March and will remain as so for the coming four years. The ministry enlisted firms from China, Taiwan, and Thailand, which will face import duties of USD 1.92 per kilogram. The firms are China’s Kunshan Yuncheng Plastic Industry and Yuncheng Heshan New Material. Thailand’s AJ Plast. The finance ministry justified these anti-dumping duties claiming that the products from these firms have caused losses in the local industries of Indonesia. (“Indonesia to impose anti-dumping import duty for nylon film from China, Thailand, Taiwan,” Reuters, 21 March 2025)

After his Russia tour, Myanmar military leader meets China’s envoy
On 11 March, Myanmar’s military leader Min Aung Hlaing met with China’s Special Envoy for Asian Affairs, Deng Xijun, to discuss future election plans. Prior to this, Deng also met Junta’s Foreign Minister Than Swe as they discuss avenues to stabilize the China-Myanmar border and joint cooperation on combating border cyber fraud issues. Min had just come back from Russia; some analysts believe Deng’s arrival and meeting with the junta leader signifies concerns regarding the growing closeness between Russia and Myanmar. The two officials also discussed China’s intervention in the Shan state as China calls for the ethnic rebels to halt their offensive. (“Myanmar Junta Boss Returns to China’s Embrace After Russia Trip,” The Irrawaddy, 12 March 2025)

Myanmar advocacy group calls for probe into UN envoy’s engagement with Chinese firm
On 11 March, Al Jazeera reported on calls by advocacy groups in Myanmar urging the UN to investigate the UN’s special envoy for Myanmar’s ties with China. The UN envoy for Myanmar, Julie Bishop, also a former Foreign Minister of Australia, was accused of having ties with Chinese SOEs and mining firms. Justice for Myanmar group sent a letter to the UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, while citing a report published in Australia’s newspaper The Saturday. The group on China’s link in Myanmar said: “unacceptable conflicts of interest that must be fully investigated.” They also called out Bishop and asked the UN to consider: “business activities, consider the appropriateness of her continued U.N. engagement, and disclose the findings.” (“UN urged to probe Myanmar envoy Julie Bishop over alleged China firms ties,” Al-Jazeera, 11 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China's Foreign Ministry accuse the US of undermining their counter-narcotics
On 12 March, China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs complained that the US undermined China’s effort for counter-narcotics operation by imposing tariffs. The ministry called on the US administration not to use the fentanyl issue to “blackmail” China. In context, US President Donald Trump imposed 20 per cent tariffs on China-made goods and products over the production and its failure to stop the shipment of chemicals used for fentanyl production. The Ministry said: “The U.S. should've said a big thank you to up. But regrettably, the United States doesn't appreciate this kindness. On the contrary, it is using the fentanyl issue to spread all kinds of lies and has been smearing China, shifting the blame, regardless of the progress of the cooperation.” The ministry also stated that it made sense that the US was returning kindness with hostility and that this seriously undermines the dialogue between the two countries on drug control. (“China says US has undermined fentanyl cooperation by imposing tariffs,” Reuters, 12 March 205)

China Reader | 12 March 2025 | Vol.  2 | No. 55
INTERNAL
Dalai Lama announces this successor will be born outside China from the “free world”
On 11 March, Tibet’s exiled and spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, announced that his successor will be born in the “free world,” outside China. The 89-year-old spiritual leader of Tibet, which is currently an autonomous region in China, stated this during his new book release. In his book Voice of the Voiceless: “Since the purpose of a reincarnation is to carry on the work of the predecessor, the new Dalai Lama will be born in the free world so that the traditional mission of the Dalai Lama – that is, to be the voice for universal compassion, the spiritual leader of Tibetan Buddhism, and the symbol of Tibet embodying the aspirations of the Tibetan people – will continue.” China considers the present Dalai Lama as separatist and insists on the right to appoint his successor after his death. In 2011, the current Dalai Lama stepped down from his political position and only focuses on his spiritual role. (“Dalai Lama says successor will be born in ‘free world’ outside of China,” Al Jazeera, 11 March 2025)

EXTERNAL
China, Iran, and Russia engage in joint naval drill at the Strait of Hormuz
On 11 March, China, Iran, and Russia conducted joint naval drills in the Middle East. The Maritime Security Belt 2025 drill took place in Oman near the Strait of Hormuz, from where one-fifth of the world's crude oil is traded worldwide. This is the fifth year since the three countries took part in the trilateral drills. The drills invited warning by the British military’s Maritime Trade Operation Centre, informing that there were GPS interference in the strait. It is reckoned that this was because of GPS jamming to reduce targeting capabilities of drones and missiles, informs EOS Risk Group analyst Shaun Robertson. He said: “However, electronic navigation system interference has been reported in this region previously during periods of increased tension and military exercises.” (“China, Iran and Russia hold joint naval drills in Mideast as tensions rise between Tehran and US,” Associated Press, 12 March 2025)

OUTERSPACE
China launches 18 low earth orbit satellites
On 12 March, a group of 18 low earth orbit satellites were launched by the Long March-8 Y6 carrier rocket from the Hainan launch site. The satellites are the fifth of its kind, and they have successfully entered preset orbit, informs China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC). This also marks the inaugural launch of site No.1 launch pad. The launch pad is 83 meters tall, customized for the Long March-8 rocket. The launch pad has a modular steel structure and design, a deflection cone for cooling and noise reduction. The Hainan commercial launch site was first inaugurated in 2022 and had its first launch mission in 2024. The Long March-8 rocket was developed by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology. (“China launches 18 satellites from Hainan commercial launch site,” CGTN, 12 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China’s retailers adopting DeepSeek models to business, reports Reuters
On 11 March, an editorial in Reuters titled “Chinese retail traders embrace DeepSeek in a nod to quants,” looked at retailers adopting DeepSeek in their business. The author noted that investors these days are adopting artificial intelligence tools in their business. Many online crash courses have appeared with training rooms to beat the market using AI models after the popularity of DeepSeek. There has also been a rapid change in the retail sector dominated by the stock market, and AI has generated new risks for investors. The author expressed that in the future, we will see warfare with drones and robots, and stock markets will be grounds for computers fighting with each other. Chinese social media is now filled with online courses teaching traders how to use DeepSeek to evaluate companies, pick stocks, and code trading strategies. (“Chinese retail traders embrace DeepSeek in a nod to quants,” Reuters, 11 March 2025)

CHINA & THE PACIFIC
China’s Foreign Ministry urges Australia to denounce disinformation spread against China
On 11 March, China urges Australia and the international community to denounce the disinformation spread by the Australian Strategic Policy Institute (ASPI). China’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Mao Ning remarked in response to an ASPI posting on social media about the ASPI's inability to have anti-China material due to budget cuts from the US. The research centre urged the US and other relevant organizations to immediately fund the institution. Mao stated that Australia has long been funded by the US to propagate lies against China under “research findings.” Mao claims that they lacked factual grounds and they spread disinformation. Mao said: “What the head of the institute revealed on social media further exposes its hypocritical nature of creating falsehoods and spreading disinformation to vilify China under U.S. funding” (“China calls for resisting disinformation campaigns by anti-China institute,” CGTN, 11 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China’s EV purchase increases by 49 per cent in February, says Rho Motion
On 12 March, Rho Motion, a research firm, informed that China led the purchase of electronic vehicles worldwide. This comes after the European Union imposed several tariffs on Chinese-made EVs. The sales of battery-charged electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles in China’s purchase grew by 49 per cent. The EU imposed tariffs on Chinese-made cars last October of 2024 after they culminated their anti-subsidy investigation. Overall, February saw the largest sale of EVs with China buying the most, Europe and North America right behind. Europe’s sales grew by 19 per cent and North America’s sales grew by 17 per cent. Europe’s sales were largely dominated by Germany, which took 40 per cent of the chunk. Rho Motion also noted that Mexico’s EV market also doubled as they stocked up on Chinese EV imports. (“China leads increased EV purchases as EU tariffs start to hit,” Reuters, 11 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Virginia Governor calls for the development of fusion power or fall behind China
On 11 March, the US governor expressed that the US needs to expedite the development of its fusion energy or deal with falling behind China. The Virginia Governor, Glenn Youngkin, noted this at the CERAWeek energy conference. Reuters noted that Virginia is the hub of energy-hungry data centers, with over 70 per cent of internet traffic routing through the state. Youngkin said: “We've got to drive hard to accelerate fusion, otherwise China will.” Commonwealth Fusion System announced that they will open the first utility-scale fusion power plant in Virginia. (“CERAWEEK Virginia governor say US must develop fusion or fall behind China on energy,” Reuters, 12 March 2025)

Facebook worked with CPC to censor social media, says former Facebook Global Public Policy Director
On 11 March, an interview was published in BBC titled “Facebook was 'hand in glove' with China,” by the former senior Facebook executive Sarah Wynn Williams. Sarah told BBC that Facebook went above and beyond to cater to the Chinese government’s request to censor and control content being circulated in China. Sarah was a Global Public Policy Director and was terminated in 20217 for poor performance. She said in turn of obliging to CPC’s rules, Facebook wanted access to the Chinese market with hundreds and millions of users. Mark Zuckerberg, founder of Facebook, said in 2019: “We could never come to agreement on what it would take for us to operate there, and they [China] never let us in.” Sarah told BBC: “He was working hand in glove with the Chinese Communist Party, building a censorship tool… working to develop sort of the antithesis of many of the principles that underpin Facebook.” (“Facebook was 'hand in glove' with China, BBC told,” BBC, 11 March 2025)

China Reader | 11 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | No. 54
INTERNAL
CPPCC concludes its annual session calls for united Chinese modernization
On 10 March, China’s People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) and the National People’s Congress concluded its annual session. They called the political advisory to contribute to great unity and solidarity for the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation towards the path of modernization. China’s President Xi Jinping attended the meeting. Chairman of CPPCC, Wang Huning, delivered a speech where he stated that under Xi Jinping the entire nation and the party worked hard in achieving economic, social and innovation goals. He called: “to unswervingly uphold the overall leadership of the CPC, saying the leadership of the CPC is the fundamental guarantee that the Chinese people will develop and maintain strong cohesion and self-confidence.” He noted that the CPPCC serves as a consultative group to promote democracy, cooperation, and unity. He called to refine the mechanism to enable and encourage in-depth consultation. (“China's top political advisory body holds closing meeting of annual session,” CGTN, 10 March 2025)

ECONOMY
China’s CPI fell by 0.7 per cent, reports the National Bureau of Statistics
On 09 March, China’s National Bureau of Statistics informed that China’s consumer price index fell by 0.7 per cent from 2024. Last year it fell by 0.5 per cent. China’s consumer price fell way more than expected, with Bloomberg estimating it to be only a 0.4 per cent decline. Goldman Sachs Group said, “Even when adjusted for the effect of an earlier-than-usual Lunar New Year holiday, consumer inflation slowed to among the weakest levels in months.” This could be reckoned by a fall in service prices and a negative reading of core inflation. The core CPI saw a decline for the first time since 2021. (“China’s Inflation Declines Below Zero for First Time in Year,” Bloomberg, 09 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
China gave USD 2 billion in loans to Pakistan
On 08 March, China gave USD 2 billion in loans to Pakistan, informs Pakistan’s Finance Minister Khurram Schehzad. Currently, the Pakistan government is working to further strengthen their finance after securing the USD 7 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The government needs to pay USD 22 billion in external debt by the end of 2025. World Bank reports that China is the biggest creditor to Pakistan, with USD 29 billion in loans given. In total, Pakistan has an external debt amounting to USD130.85 billion. China has the largest share in debt given to Pakistan, amounting to 22 percent. Saudi Arabia is the second largest lender to Pakistan, with a debt of USD 9.1 billion. (“China rolls over $2bn loan to Pakistan,” Dawn, 08 March 2025)

Tibetans in India protest outside the China’s embassy, chanting “Free Tibet”
On 10 March, dozens of Tibetans protested outside China’s Embassy in Delhi. These protestors even clashed with the police. The protest came in light of the 66th anniversary of the uprising against China that was cracked down by Chinese forces. The Delhi police first blocked the protestors from entering the embassy and even detained some of the protestors. Hundreds also marched the Indian town of Dharamshala, which is the seat of the exiled Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government. Additionally, 100 Tibetan women gathered at Jantar Mantar to protest. The protestors shouted anti-China slogans, played the national anthem of Tibet, and had banners reading “Free Tibet” and “Remember, Resist, Return” (“Tibetans scuffle with police outside the Chinese Embassy in India as they mark uprising anniversary,” AP, 10 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Missouri court fines China USD 24 billion for concealing information about COVID transmission
On 11 March, The Washington Post reported that a Missouri Judge ruled that China concealed the knowledge about the merging coronavirus and used the extra time to stockpile protective gear. The decision was handed to Attorney General Andrew Bailey. They charged Chinese agencies and the CPC with USD 24 billion. Senator Eric Schmitt said: “appalling campaign of deceit, concealment, misfeasance, and inaction.” Bailey said they would take every penny back by seizing Chinese assets and Missouri farmland. China’s Embassy in the US said it would: “firmly take reciprocal countermeasures according to international law.” The attorney did not accuse China of being the origin of the virus but accused them of hiding information of the transmission of the virus. More than 21000 Missouri residents died, many over the age of 76, due to complications related to COVID-19. (“Missouri wins $24B judgment against China over its response to covid,” The Washington Post, 11 March 2025)

China Reader | 08 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | Nos. 53
INTERNAL
China’s lawmakers discuss the working report by the National People’s Congress Standing Committee
On 08 March, China’s lawmakers discussed the working report submitted by the National People’s Congress (NPC). The Chairman of NPC, Zhao Leji, delivered a speech at the third session of the 14th NPC meeting. The NPC committees have upheld high-quality legislation to strengthen law-based governance. The report noted that China will continue to compile the environmental code of 2025 and draft national parks law. They also plan to revise the cybersecurity law. The committee in the report also affirmed that they will promote private sector and national development. Additionally, they will revise the Unfair Competition Law, Enterprise Bankruptcy Law, Fisheries Law, Agriculture Law, and Banking Regulation Law, notes the report. The standing committee also plans to hear a special report on the climate action plan of 2025 while fostering the new quality productive forces. (“Chinese lawmakers deliberate on work report of NPC Standing Committee,” CGTN, 08 March 2025)

CHINA & TAIWAN
TSMC may have circumvented tariffs, but anti-American legal accusation remains, says an editorial in SCMP
On 08 March, an editorial in SCMP titled “TSMC may have dodged Trump tariffs but lawsuit over ‘anti-American’ practices presses on” looked at the Taiwan-US deal on TSMC. Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC) is one of the largest semiconductor producers in the world and is a pioneer in the field. Recently, the US and Taiwan announced their plans to open five plants in America to circumvent tariffs and sanctions imposed by the US. TSMC will invest USD 100 billion in the five-factory plan in Arizona over the next four years. This lies in line with Trump’s goal of the “Make in America” agenda. Currently, TSMC has built two factories in Arizona. While this comes, the company still faces allegations of anti-American workforce practices against non-east Asian staff. (“TSMC may have dodged Trump tariffs but lawsuit over ‘anti-American’ practices presses on,” SCMP, 08 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
The US plans to impose fees on China-built or flagged docking at the US port
On 06 March, Reuters reported that the US plans to levy fees from Chinese-built ships and flagged vessels at the US port. The administration of Donald Trump is currently working on producing an executive order to revive domestic shipbuilding in America. Currently, China’s shipbuilders account for 50 per cent of all vessels used for cargo shipment, notes the Centre for Strategic and International Studies. The draft of the executive order proposes that fees should be imposed on all vessels regardless of whether it was built or flagged as Chinese. The draft order said: “he national security and economic prosperity of the United States is further endangered by the People's Republic of China's unfair trade practices in the maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors.” (“Exclusive: US to levy fees on China-linked ships, push allies to do likewise, draft executive order says,” Reuters, 08 March 2025)

China imposes retaliatory tariffs on Canadian imports
On 08 March, China announced that it will impose retaliatory tariffs on Canadian farm and food imports. This was reported by China’s Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council. This comes after Canada imposed duties on China-made electric vehicles, aluminum, and steel products. Additionally, 100 per cent tariffs will be imposed on Canadian rapeseed oil, cakes, and peas. 25 per cent tariffs will be imposed on pork and aquatic imports from Canada. The council said: “Despite China’s repeated opposition and dissuasion, Canada has taken unilateral restrictive measures on electric vehicles, steel, aluminum and other products imported from China without investigation, undermining China-Canada economic and trade relations.” The measure was announced after an anti-discrimination inevtsigation was taken by China, where they found that Canada’s measures have hindered China's trade and harmed their legitimate rights to trade. (“China imposes retaliatory tariffs on Canadian farm and food products,” Associated Press, 08 March 2025)  

Chinese companies and business associations support anti-discrimination ruling against Canada
On 08 March, Global Times reported that six Chinese firms and business groups voiced support for China’s tariffs on Canadian products. The groups supported China’s Ministry of Commerce’s finding in the anti-discrimination investigation on Canada's restrictive trade policies. The ruling said: “Canada's restrictive measures against certain Chinese products constitute discriminatory trade restrictions. The investigation result determined that Canada's measures amount to discriminatory restrictions, disrupting normal trade and harming the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese companies.” The ruling was supported by the China Association of Automobile Manufacturers (CAAM), China Chamber of Commerce of Metals, China Iron and Steel Association, and China’s Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Machinery and Electronic Products, among others. CAAM said: “The development of China's EV industry is based on its comparative advantages and is a result of open competition” (“Chinese industry groups endorse MOFCOM's ruling on anti-discrimination probe against Canada,” Global Times, 08 March 2025)

China Reader | 07 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | No. 52
INTERNAL
Educational institutions need to “align talent cultivation with economic and social development,” says Xi Jinping
On 07 March, China’s President Xi Jinping call for the strengthening of the education system to further scientific and technological innovation. Xi attended the National Advisory Meeting during the 14th National Committee of CPPCC. He called for a deep understanding of the role of education and technology. Xi said: “The goal is to cultivate a steady stream of talent, unlock their full potential, and ensure their abilities are fully utilized.” He expressed that the correct orientation must be important while running schools. There also needs to be moral grounding among students with intellectual ability, physical vigor, and working skills. Xi also said, “It is important to refine the school management system, grant schools’ greater autonomy in decision-making, and continuously advance law-based school administration.”

CHINA & SOUTHEAST ASIA
Thailand repatriates Chinese victims and owners of scam centers
On 06 March, Thailand repatriated hundreds of Chinese nationals who flew home from Myanmar through Thailand. The three countries, China, Myanmar, and Thailand, have been clearing out illegal cyber scams run at the Thai-Myanmar border, mostly run by Chinese nationals. Two weeks ago, 600 Chinese nationals were sent back. Thailand’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesperson Nikorndej Balankura said, “Another group of Chinese nationals,” and that there will be regular Chinese national repatriation every Wednesday, Thursday, and Friday. (“Thailand repatriates hundreds more Chinese scam-centre workers freed from Myanmar,” Strait Times, 07 March 2025)

CHINA & THE PACIFIC
New Zealand’s spy agency warns against China’s growing presence in the Pacific
On 07 March, Reuters reported that New Zealand’s spy warned of the security posed by China’s presence and influence in the Pacific Island countries. This was reported by the Security Intelligence Service Director, General Andrew Hampton. He noted that the security issues in the Pacific Island countries have created a vacuum for China to sign security deals with Pacific Island countries. Hampton said: “create competing regional architectures, and expand its influence with Pacific Island countries.” In the past few years, China has struck a deal with Pacific Island countries, the most recent being the Cook Island Prime Minister signing agreements on economy, fisheries, and seabed mining, among others. He said: “With the Cook Islands developing deeper relationships with other parties, this will necessitate an even stronger focus from my agency on national security risks” (“New Zealand’s top spy warns on China’s influence in the Pacific, backs Five Eyes,” Reuters, 07 March 2025)

NUCELAR
China’s calls for nuclear cooperation benefiting the Global South at the IAEA meeting
On 07 March, CGTN reported on China calling to push for nuclear cooperation at the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). China’s IAEA representative, Li Song, called for nuclear cooperation that would benefit the Global South. Li expressed that China looks at nuclear energy as the pillar to security and to address climate change. He said: “China's support for strengthening international monitoring of Japan's discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant.” Urging Japan to fulfill its commitment while discharging nuclear contaminated water. On Iran, China believes that it is vital to have increased diplomatic efforts and dialogue with the country. He said: “China attaches great importance to this and encourages and supports Iran in its efforts to work with the IAEA to further enhance safeguards cooperation and resolve outstanding issues.” Li also asked the US to take steps to re-engage in international diplomatic efforts and a dialogue with Iran, as it left JCPOA. (“China backs nuclear cooperation, calls for stronger Iran talks,” CGTN, 07 March 2025) 

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
Walmart asks Chinese suppliers to reduce costs to balance Trump’s tariffs
On 06 March, Reuters reported that US retail store Walmart asked Chinese suppliers to cut the prices of their goods. The retail giant aims to shift the burden of Trump’s tariffs imposed. The Chinese firms supply kitchenware and clothing to Walmart, they were asked to reduce the price by 10 per cent, which is in line with the 10 per cent tariff imposed by the Trump administration. The suppliers' selling costs to Walmart were already low to keep up the competitive edge. These further cuts imposed by Trump put additional pressure on both suppliers and Walmart to provide cheap goods. A Walmart anonymous spokesperson said: “As we have done in the past, we will continue to work with suppliers to keep prices as low as possible for our customers,” and that “In the meantime, we encourage all parties to work towards finding common ground that will protect consumers from price hikes and continue to grow our economy.” (“Walmart asks China suppliers for price cuts on Trump tariffs, Bloomberg News reports,” Reuters, 2025)

China to “resolutely counter” any pressure by the US, says China’s Foreign Minister
On 07 March, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi announced that China will “resolutely counter,” any pressure by US tariffs, at an interview on the sidelines of NPC annual meeting. He said that the major powers should refrain from bullying the weak. Wang Yi said: “If one side blindly exerts pressure, China will resolutely counter that.” This statement was made in light of the tariffs imposed by the Trump administration against Chinese imports. Additionally, he expressed that the US should not repay kindness with grievances and not impose tariffs without any reason. Wang Yi also mentioned the Russia-Ukraine conflict noting that China wants lasting and binding peace where they an agreement agreeable to all parties in this conflict. He said, “China is willing to continue to play a constructive role in the final resolution of the crisis and the realization of lasting peace, by the wishes of the parties concerned, together with the international community.” (“'Major powers should not bully the weak, ' China foreign minister says,” Reuters, 07 March 2025)

China Reader | 06 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | No. 51
INTERNAL
Hong Kong Court of Final Appeal overturns pro-democracy group conviction
On 06 March 2025, Hong Kong’s Court of Final Appeal overturned the conviction of three pro-democracy groups that organized the candlelight protest marking the Tiananmen Square crackdown anniversary. This is seen as a rare victory for the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong. Several pro-democracy protestors in Hong Kong have faced a stringent crackdown and have been detained. The court was led by Chief Justice Andrew Cheung, who noted that the government prosecutor redacted key facts and that the prosecutor “deprived the appellants of a fair trial, so that their convictions involved a miscarriage of justice.” The convicted group, Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, was accused of being a foreign agent. Several discrepancies were found in the identity of the overseas organization, and the other individual's information was removed. (“Hong Kong's top court quashes convictions of pro-democracy Tiananmen group,” Reuters, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh delegation culminate their visit to China
On 06 March, a delegation from Bangladesh ended their visit to China, conducted by the International Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (IDCPC). The delegation included lawmakers, students, scholars, and journalists. The 21-member delegation visited Beijing, Shaanxi, and Yunnan, touring Chinese firms like BYD, LONGi, and ifLYTEK. During this time Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi held talks with the interim Foreign Adviser of Bangladesh Abdul Moyeen Khan, noting that they have a trusted friendship of years. Khan said, “Bangladesh is currently undergoing a national transformation, and many of its development aspirations align closely with the concept of Chinese modernization. He hopes that China will continue to support Bangladesh's development.” (“Bangladesh delegation to China amazed by Chinese modernization, calls for closer cooperation,” Global Times, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China “appalled” by the US’s treatment of its European allies, says China’s envoy to EU
On 05 March, China’s envoy to the European Affairs, Lu Shaye, expressed that they were “appalled” by the way the US President treated its European allies and noted that the peace deal should not be only determined by the US and Russia. Lu said: “When you look at how the Trump administration has implemented a brazen and domineering policy towards Europe, treating its allies in this way, honestly, from a European perspective, it’s quite appalling.” Additionally, he said, “I believe European friends should reflect on this and compare the Trump administration’s policies with those of the Chinese government. In doing so, they will see that China’s diplomatic approach emphasises peace, friendship, goodwill and win-win cooperation.” Lu also accused the US of not only leaning towards Russia but also supporting Russia. He also expressed that China’s foreign policy does not rely on pulling US allies away from each other by rather by cultivating genuine partnership. (“China’s envoy to the EU Lu Shaye ‘appalled’ by Trump’s treatment of Europe,” SCMP, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China is ready to fight any type of war with the US, says China embassy in the US
On 04 March, the Chinese Embassy in the US expressed that China is ready to fight any type of war against the US tariffs. The embassy posted on X, a social media platform, where they said: “If war is what the US wants, be it a tariff war, a trade war or any other type of war, we're ready to fight till the end.” This came after US President Donald Trump announced that they would impose additional 10 per cent tariffs on top of the previous 10 per cent. This led to China retaliating with 15 per cent tariffs on US farm products that are imported in China. China’s Premier Li Qiang also announced that China will boost their defense spending by 7.2 per cent as they face an unpredictable future. Additionally, Li stated that China will continue to open its economy to foreign investments. (“China says it is ready for 'any type of war' with US,” BBC, 06 March 2025) 

US firms call for stricter punitive measures against Chinese firms circumventing tariffs
On 05 March, executives from US-based firms expressed that the government needs to have tougher legislation to prosecute Chinese criminals who circumvent US tariffs by shipping goods from third countries. This was stated at the Capitol Hill event, which had lawmakers and executives attending. They noted that the US business has been losing, and the American companies are losing out of business owing to Chinese firms exploiting trade rules. Vice President of Zekelman Industries, Tom Muth, said: “These imports come not directly from China, but indirectly. They come from countries like Oman, Thailand, Vietnam, and the UAE. These are all major importers of subsidized and dumped hot-rolled steel from China.” A lawmaker, Magnus, said: “Before the ink was dry on the order, China was already evading the order by transshipping through other countries, hopping from country to country, changing the names, shifting shipments, just to stay ahead of us.” (“U.S. firms demand crackdown on tariff-evading Chinese importers,” Reuters, 06 March 2025)

US Republican lawmakers introduce bill to deal with trade-related crimes committed by China
On 05 March, US House of Representative lawmakers introduced a bill on trade crimes committed by Chinese companies. The bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced the bill sponsored by Republican Ashley Hinson of Iowa. They called to establish a task force within the Department of Justice to investigate prosecution on trade crimes. The department will also provide support to other federal organizations of the state. Last year, a similar bill was passed but failed to become law. Hinson expressed that this is about accountability. She said: “Tariffs are a powerful tool in the arsenal to have, but I also believe that they should be backed by strong enforcement of our trade laws and that will stop China from ripping us off.” The bill outline defines trade-related crime as a violation of law, which will be implicated as criminal activity. (“US House revives bipartisan bill to tackle ‘trade crimes’ committed by Chinese companies,” SCMP, 06 March 2025)

China Reader | 05 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | Nos. 50
INTERNAL
Hong Kong pro-democracy group conviction overturned in light of discrepancies
On 06 March 2025, Hong Kong’s Court of Final Appeal overturned the conviction of three pro-democracy groups that organized the candlelight protest marking the Tiananmen Square crackdown anniversary. This is seen as a rare victory for the pro-democracy movement in Hong Kong. Several pro-democracy protestors in Hong Kong have faced a stringent crackdown and have been detained. The court was led by Chief Justice Andrew Cheung, who noted that the government prosecutor redacted key facts and that the prosecutor “deprived the appellants of a fair trial, so that their convictions involved a miscarriage of justice.” The convicted group, Hong Kong Alliance in Support of Patriotic Democratic Movements in China, was accused of being a foreign agent. Several discrepancies were found in the identity of the overseas organization, and the other individual's information was removed. (“Hong Kong's top court quashes convictions of pro-democracy Tiananmen group,” Reuters, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
Bangladesh delegation culminated their visit to China
On 06 March, a delegation from Bangladesh ended their visit to China, conducted by the International Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (IDCPC). The delegation included lawmakers, students, scholars, and journalists. The 21-member delegation visited Beijing, Shaanxi, and Yunnan, touring Chinese firms like BYD, LONGi, and ifLYTEK. During this time Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi held talks with the interim Foreign Adviser of Bangladesh Abdul Moyeen Khan, noting that they have a trusted friendship of years. Khan said, “Bangladesh is currently undergoing a national transformation, and many of its development aspirations align closely with the concept of Chinese modernization. He hopes that China will continue to support Bangladesh's development.” (“Bangladesh delegation to China amazed by Chinese modernization, calls for closer cooperation,” Global Times, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
China’s envoy to the EU appalled by the US’s treatment of its European allies
On 05 March, China’s envoy to the European Affairs, Lu Shaye, expressed that they were appalled by the way the US President treated its European allies and noted that the peace deal should not be only determined by the US and Russia. Lu said: “When you look at how the Trump administration has implemented a brazen and domineering policy towards Europe, treating its allies in this way, honestly, from a European perspective, it’s quite appalling.” Additionally, he said, “I believe European friends should reflect on this and compare the Trump administration’s policies with those of the Chinese government. In doing so, they will see that China’s diplomatic approach emphasises peace, friendship, goodwill and win-win cooperation.” Lu also accused the US of not only leaning towards Russia but also supporting Russia. He also expressed that China’s foreign policy does not rely on pulling US allies away from each other by rather by cultivating genuine partnership. (“China’s envoy to the EU Lu Shaye ‘appalled’ by Trump’s treatment of Europe,” SCMP, 06 March 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China is ready to fight any type of war with the US, says China embassy in the US
On 04 March, the Chinese Embassy in the US expressed that China is ready to fight any type of war against the US tariffs. The embassy posted on X, a social media platform, where they said: “If war is what the US wants, be it a tariff war, a trade war or any other type of war, we're ready to fight till the end.” This came after US President Donald Trump announced that they would impose additional 10 per cent tariffs on top of the previous 10 per cent. This led to China retaliating with 15 per cent tariffs on US farm products that are imported in China. China’s Premier Li Qiang also announced that China will boost their defense spending by 7.2 per cent as they face an unpredictable future. Additionally, Li stated that China will continue to open its economy to foreign investments. (“China says it is ready for 'any type of war' with US,” BBC, 06 March 2025) 

US firms call for stricter punitive measures against Chinese firms circumventing tariffs
On 05 March, executives from US-based firms expressed that the government needs to have tougher legislation to prosecute Chinese criminals who circumvent US tariffs by shipping goods from third countries. This was stated at the Capitol Hill event, which had lawmakers and executives attending. They noted that the US business has been losing, and the American companies are losing out of business owing to Chinese firms exploiting trade rules. Vice President of Zekelman Industries, Tom Muth, said: “These imports come not directly from China, but indirectly. They come from countries like Oman, Thailand, Vietnam, and the UAE. These are all major importers of subsidized and dumped hot-rolled steel from China.” A lawmaker, Magnus, said: “Before the ink was dry on the order, China was already evading the order by transshipping through other countries, hopping from country to country, changing the names, shifting shipments, just to stay ahead of us.” (“U.S. firms demand crackdown on tariff-evading Chinese importers,” Reuters, 06 March 2025)

US Republican lawmakers introduce bill to deal with trade-related crimes committed by China
On 05 March, US House of Representative lawmakers introduced a bill on trade crimes committed by Chinese companies. The bipartisan group of lawmakers introduced the bill sponsored by Republican Ashley Hinson of Iowa. They called to establish a task force within the Department of Justice to investigate prosecution on trade crimes. The department will also provide support to other training and technical help to other federal organizations of the state. Last year, a similar bill was passed but failed to become law. Hinson expressed that this is about accountability. She said: “Tariffs are a powerful tool in the arsenal to have, but I also believe that they should be backed by strong enforcement of our trade laws and that will stop China from ripping us off.” The bill outline defines trade-related crime as a violation of law, which will be implicated as criminal activity. (“US House revives bipartisan bill to tackle ‘trade crimes’ committed by Chinese companies,” SCMP, 06 March 2025)

China Reader | 05 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | No. 49
INTERNAL
China’s President speeches and instructions on economic development now published
On 02 March, CGTN reported that the first volume of selected words of China’s President Xi Jinping has been published and is now available nationwide. The volume has 74 pieces written by Xi on topics like economic development from November 2012 to December 2024. These include speeches and instructions and is the first of its kind. The Volume focuses on Xi’s ideas of economic development in the new era and how it has opened new opportunities. The volume is compiled by China’s Institute of Party History and Literature under the COC, and it will be published by the Central Party Literature Press. (“Selected works of Xi Jinping on economy published,” CGTN, 02 March 2025)

CPPCC held its tenth advisory body meeting
On 02 March, China’s 14th National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) held its political advisory body meeting. This was the tenth session of the standing committee meeting. CPPCC’S Chairman, Wang Huing presided over the meeting. He noted that the CPPCC’s National Committee focused on the main tasks of the party and looked into how the country performed the previous year. Wang urged the body that they make contribution in 2025 and advance modernization as they aim to achieve the goal set in the 14th Five-Year Plan. The meeting comes before the annual session to be held this week. (“China's top political advisory body concludes standing committee session,” CGTN, 03 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
China’s DeepSeek claims to make profit of 545 per cent
On 01 March, DeepSeek Chinese AI startup revealed that they were theoretically making 545 per cent profit per day. They revealed this data based on their V3 and R1 model, while they also cautioned that the actual revenue will be significantly lower. DeepSeek revealed such data for the first time; they also informed of the “inference” tasks, a stage where AI training models are made. This revelation can impact AI stocks of companies outside China, noting that DeepSeep claims to have only spent USD 6 million on making chips using their training model. This was significantly less than its rival US firm, OpenAI. (“China's DeepSeek claims theoretical cost-profit ratio of 545% per day,” Reuters, 01 March 2025)

Chinese smartphone firm Honor announces to invest USD 10 billion in AI
On 02 March, Chinese smartphone firm Honor announced that they will invest USD 10 billion to develop AI, informs CEO James Li. The Shenzhen-based firm aims to further expand its company to AI-powered PCs, tablets, and other wearables. James made this announcement at the Mobile World Congress trade show. In 2024, the firm slipped from third place to fourth place for smartphones makers with 14 per cent market share. The new competition has led to recalibration within the company’s investments. (“China's Honor announces $10 billion investment in AI devices,” Reuters, 02 March 2025)

CHINA & THE MIDDLE EAST
Taliban refutes Trump's claim that China controls the Bagram Airfield
On 02 March, the Taliban administration in Afghanistan refuted Trump's claim of Chinese presence in Bagram Airfield. The statement was made by the administration’s chief spokesperson, Zabihullah Mujahid, at a state-run televised interview. Where he noted that the claims were “emotional” and that they “lacked information.” Trump claimed that Bagram, the largest US airbase during the US invasion, was now controlled by China and asked the Taliban administration to return all US-made military equipment. Mujahid stated that there were no Chinese forces present in Afghanistan and that Bagram remains under the control of the Taliban regime. On the issues of equipment, he noted that these were “spoils of war” and that they belonged to the previous regime, and that they will use it to protect their country when under attack. It is estimated that USD 7 billion worth of equipment was left behind when the US left Afghanistan. (“Taliban rejects Trump’s claims about Chinese presence at Bagram Airfield,” SCMP, 03 March 2025)

CHINA & EUROPE
UK to investigate TikTok’s suggestion to children’s accounts
On 03 March, Britain announced that they are launching an investigation into TikTok to safeguard children's privacy. The investigation will be conducted by Britain’s Information Commissioner’s Office.  The watchdog aims to probe into how TikTok’s video sharing platform uses 13-17-year-old kid’s data and personal info and suggests a certain type of content. This comes as there are concerns regarding the increased number of harmful materials being suggested. The office said: “If we find there is sufficient evidence that any of these companies have broken the law, we will put this to them and obtain their representations before reaching a conclusion.” (“UK launches investigation into TikTok, Reddit over children's data practices,” Reuters, 03 March 2025)

China Reader | 04 March 2025 | Vol 2 | No. 48
INTERNAL
CPPCC National Committee holds a press conference
On 03 March, China’s People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) National Committee held a press conference. CPPCC is a political advisory body. The 14th CPPCC National Committee’s spokesperson, Liu Jieyi, informed us that all the preparations for the session had been completed. They reviewed the 2024 work report and marked the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Liu said: “They have visited villages, factories and communities, turning grassroots opinions and suggestions into policy options that inform the decision-making of the Party and the government.” Additionally, to further high-quality development, the CPPCC kickstarted 42 research projects, held 95 consultative meetings, and processed over 5000 proposals. Liu also said, “China benefits from significant institutional strengths and the advantages of a super-large market where the potential of emerging consumption trends is rapidly being unleashed. It boasts a comprehensive industrial system, with its manufacturing sector ranking first worldwide for 15 consecutive years.”(“China's top political advisory body holds press conference ahead of annual session,” CGTN, 03 March 2025)

National People’s Congress announces agenda for the two sessions
On 04 March, CGTN reported on the agenda for the 3rd session of the 14th National People Congress. The political advisory meeting adopted the new agenda for the coming session to be held from 05-11 March. The agendas are: to deliberate the working group report of last year; review the implementation of the 2024 plan on economy and social development; draft a plan for economic and social development 2025; review the report on central and local budget and draft a plan of 2025; deliberate to amend the law on Deputies to the National People's Congress; look at the working report of NPC Standing Committee, Supreme People’s Court, Supreme People’s Procuratorate. (“Agenda of 3rd session of 14th National People's Congress,” CGTN, 04 March 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
New Hope Groups’ Chairman calls for private firms to take forward AI innovation
On 03 March, CGTN cited New Hope Group’s Chairman’s view on the role of private enterprises in technological progress. Chairman Liu Yonghao noted that the private enterprises should seize the opportunity and grab the wave of technological progress. This, he expounded, came with the boom and progress of AI. Liu is a member of China’s People’s Consultative Conference. Liu said, “In 2024, China deepened the integration of technological and industrial innovation and accelerated the construction of a modernized industrial system.” According to the World Economic Forum’s List, 79 per cent of lighthouse factories were from China. (“New Hope Group chairman: Chinese private firms must arm themselves with AI,” CGTN, 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China’s Ministry of Commerce US’s additional 10 per cent tariffs
On 04 March, China’s Ministry of Commerce opposed Trump imposing additional 10 per cent tariffs on imports of goods from China. The Ministry said, “China is one of the countries with the strictest and most rigorously enforced anti-drug policies in the world. China and the United States have engaged in extensive and in-depth anti-drug cooperation, achieving remarkable results.” Regardless, the US has repeatedly shifted the blame on Chinese exports, using the fentanyl issue. The Ministry called Trump's actions a typical act of unilateralism and bullying, disregarding facts or rules of international trade. (“China firmly opposes U.S. new tariff move, vows countermeasures to safeguard interests,” CGTN, 04 March 2025)

China Reader | 01 March 2025 | Vol. 2 | No. 47
INTERNAL
China’s President chaired the CPC meeting on government work report
On 28 February, China’s President Xi Jinping chaired a meeting of the Communist Party of China to discuss the government work report before the two sessions meeting. It was noted that China’s economy has reached overall stability and that they are seeing more steady progress. They also noted that it is important to follow the measures made by the Central Economic Worl Conference to implement the new development philosophy. The meeting also called to implement more proactive and impactful macro polices to further increase domestic demand. This way, they integrated scientific and technological innovation with industrial innovation. They also called to promote sustained economic recovery and continuously improve the living standards of the nations, maintain social harmony, and fulfill the goals of the 14th Five-Year Plan. (“Xi Jinping chairs CPC leadership meeting to discuss draft govt work report,” CGTN, 28 February 2025)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Chinese AI executives advised not to travel to the US
On 01 March, Reuters reported that Chinese authorities had instructed AI entrepreneurs and experts to abstain from traveling to the US. This is done so that these individuals do not divulge confidential information about China’s progress. It is also reported that the Chinese authorities fear that the executives can be detained and be used as bargaining chips by the US for negotiations. DeepSeek founder Liang Wenfeng refused to attend an AI summit to be held in Paris, and another Chinese AI startup founder cancelled his plan to visit the US on the instruction of the government. (“China tells its AI leaders to avoid US travel over security concerns, WSJ reports,” Reuters, 01 March 2025)

CHINA & SOUTH ASIA
China’s outer space station to invite first foreign astronaut from Pakistan
On 28 February, China and Pakistan signed an agreement to send a Pakistani astronaut to the Chinese space station. This is the first time China’s space station will welcome a foreign astronaut. The agreement was signed by Pakistan’s Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, Deputy Director of China Manned Space Agency Lin Xiqiang, and the Chairman of Pakistan’s Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission Muhammad Yousuf Khan. According to the agreement, a Pakistani astronaut will join a Chinese astronaut in their space station for a short-term mission. The initiative aims to provide a model for developing countries to participate in international manned space cooperation and to inspire other nations to collaborate in discovering the mysteries of the universe. (“China's space station to welcome first foreign astronaut,” CGTN, 28 February 2025)

CHINA & THE AMERICAS
China vows to retaliate with countermeasures against US 10 per cent tariffs
On 28 February, China’s Ministry of Commerce opposed the 10 per cent tariffs imposed by the US and vowed to take countermeasures against it to protect China’s rights and interests. The Ministry spokesperson, Lin Jian, said: “China has repeatedly stressed that unilateral tariffs violate World Trade Organization rules and damage the multilateral trading system. China firmly opposes the U.S.' move.” They also believe that the US cited the fentanyl issue as an excuse. And that China has the strictest rules against drugs and actively engages in international anti-drug policies. The ministry hopes that the US will not continue on this path and will return to the correct track of resolving differences through dialogue.  (“China vows all 'necessary' countermeasures after Trump threatens new extra 10% tariff,” CGTN, 28 February 2025)