Photo : The Korean Herald

North Korea and Russia confirm troop deployment against Ukraine

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 29 April  2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 92
North Korea and Russia confirm troop deployment against Ukraine
On 28 April, the Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) and the Kremlin officially confirmed that Pyongyang dispatched troops to support Russia’s war in Ukraine. KCNA lauded their efforts in “liberating the Kursk area” under Kim Jong-un’s direct order, while President Vladimir Putin praised their “solidarity, justice, and genuine camaraderie.” South Korea’s Ministry of Defence spokesperson Jeon Ha-kyou condemned the admission as “a clear violation of the U.N. Charter and Security Council resolutions” and an outright “confession of criminal activities.” University of North Korean Studies president Yang Moo-jin said: “North Korea may have asked Russia to formalize the deployment now that battlefield momentum appears to have shifted in Moscow’s favor,” and Korea Institute for Defense Analyses analyst Doo Jin-ho called it “a win-win for both sides” that raises Pyongyang’s strategic standing. While Kim Jong-un’s attendance at Russia’s 09 May Victory Day parade remains doubtful, the Korea Times and the Korea Herald reported that the announcements signal a shift toward long-term defense cooperation and potential technology exchanges. (Lee Hyo-jin, “ Why did NK, Russia take months to confirm troop deployment?,” Korea Times, 28 April 2025; Ji Da-gyum, “NK formalizes troop deployment, signals deeper alliance with Russia,” Korea Herald, 28 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 28 April  2025, Monday | Vol.2 No. 91
South Korea’s Ministry of Defence condemns North Korea’s troop deployment in Russia
On 28 April, Korea Times reported that South Korea’s Ministry of Defense strongly condemned North Korea’s admission of troop deployment to Russia to support its war in Ukraine. Ministry spokesperson Jeon Ha-kyou said: “North Korean troops engaging in the Ukraine war is an illegitimate act that clearly violates the UN Charter and Security Council resolutions. By officially acknowledging it, the North has admitted to its criminal acts.” North Korea’s Central Military Commission claimed its actions, carried out under the mutual defense treaty with Moscow, were in line with international law. South Korea’s National Intelligence Service believes around 3,000 additional North Korean troops were sent to the region earlier this year, and is closely monitoring for signs of a possible visit by Kim Jong-un to Russia. (Yonhap, “N. Korea 'admitted to criminal acts' by confirming troop dispatch to Russia: Seoul,” Korea Times, 28 April 2025)
 
South Korean Democratic Party nominee Lee Jae-myung recruits a “conservative” strategist, reports Korea Herald
On 28 April, Rep. Lee Jae-myung appointed former environment minister Yoon Yeo-joon, a “conservative strategist,” to lead his campaign’s steering committee. Lee emphasized themes of national unity, pragmatism, and meritocracy, distancing himself from divisive policies like universal basic income. Lee said: “The former minister is someone I have counted on for advice in the past. I have asked him if he would be willing to lead the committee, and thankfully, he has accepted the offer.” Lee’s move signals efforts to woo moderate and conservative voters, illustrated by his visit to honor past conservative presidents at Seoul National Cemetery. Party insiders suggest more non-Lee factions could join his campaign to reinforce his centrist rebranding. (Kim Arin, “Conservative critical of Yoon Suk Yeol to join liberal presidential campaign,” Korea Herald, 28 April 2025)
 
Democratic Party presidential candidate promises semiconductor production tax credits
On 28 April, Democratic Party presidential candidate Lee Jae-myung vowed to introduce a production tax credit of up to 10 per cent for domestically manufactured semiconductors if elected. The pledge, made via Facebook, comes amid global efforts to secure chip supply chains and bolster local industries, following US policy shifts on the CHIPS Act. Lee remains the frontrunner heading into the June election. (“South Korea presidential candidate Lee Jae-myung pledges chip tax credit,” Reuters, 28 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 25 April  2025, Friday | Vol.2 No. 89
South Korea’s Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy requests US tariff exemptions
On 25 April, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy requested exemptions from President Trump’s 25 per cent “reciprocal” and auto-specific tariffs. In high-level “2+2” consultations, South Korea’s Deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister Choi Sang-mok and Trade Minister Ahn Duk-geun met US counterparts, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. They proposed that both sides seal a broad “July package” by July 8 when the tariff pause expires. South Korea offered to deepen cooperation on trade, investment, shipbuilding, and energy, and agreed to negotiate four key pillars: tariffs and non-tariff measures, economic security, investment cooperation, and foreign-exchange policy. The proposal signals South Korea’s intent to bundle pending economic issues into one deal, to be finalized under the incoming administration before reciprocal duties fully take effect. (Lee Gyu-lee, “Korea, US agree to seek 'July package' aimed at eliminating tariffs,” Korea Times, 25 April 2025)
 
South Korea and the US to hold first integrated defense talks under Trump
On 25 April, the Korea Times reported that senior officials from South Korea and the United States will convene the Korea-US Integrated Defense Dialogue (KIDD), next week. The meeting aims to reinforce their combined deterrence posture against North Korean nuclear and missile threats and deepen bilateral security policy cooperation. Launched in 2011, KIDD covers a wide range of defense issues and will be followed by a joint press statement. Meanwhile, deliberations of the Nuclear Consultative Group, which coordinates the US “extended deterrence” commitment, including nuclear options, continue on schedule, with a meeting expected as early as June. (Yonhap, “South Korea, US to hold KIDD defense talks in Washington next week,” Korea Times, 25 April 2025)
 
South Korea’s economy shrinks in quarter one of 2025 amid weak consumption and exports
On 24 April, the Korea Herald reported that the Preliminary Bank of Korea (BOK) data showed real GDP fell 0.2 percent quarter-on-quarter in Q1 2025. This was the first quarterly contraction since Q2 2024 and first annual decline since Q4 2020, driven by a 0.1 per cent drop in private and government consumption, steep falls in construction (–3.2 per cent) and equipment investment (–2.1 per cent), and a 1.1 per cent slide in exports amid soft global demand and US tariff uncertainties. Imports also fell 2.0 per cent. The BOK expects a partial rebound in domestic demand in Q2, supported by reduced policy uncertainty and pre-election fiscal spending. Head of the National Accounts Statistics Department at the Bank of Korea, Lee Dong-won, said: “The prolonged uncertainty in domestic politics and shifts in US tariff policies have exacerbated uncertainties in the trade environment, delaying the recovery of consumer and investment sentiment.” The government has submitted a supplementary budget proposal worth USD 8.4 billion to the National Assembly. On 24 April, JP Morgan lowered its 2025 growth forecast for Korea from 0.7 per cent to 0.5 per cent. The International Monetary Fund has revised its growth forecast down from 2.0 per cent to 1.0 per cent, while the Asian Development Bank has also lowered its projection to 1.5 per cent. (Park Han-na, “Korean economy shrinks again in Q1,” Korea Herald, 24 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 24 April  2025, Thursday | Vol.2 No. 88
South Korea’s former President Moon Jae-in indicted on bribery charges
On 24 April, Prosecutors formally indicted former President Moon Jae-in on corruption charges for facilitating the hiring of his then son-in-law, surnamed Seo, at Thai Eastar Jet in 2018 in exchange for favorable treatment. Moon, his daughter Da-hye, and ex-lawmaker Lee Sang-jik face accusations that they conspired to secure Seo an executive-director role despite his lack of aviation experience.  Investigators contend that Lee’s agency appointment was the quid pro quo for Seo’s salary and other payments, totaling about USD 151,959. Prosecutors classify it as a bribe benefiting the former president once Moon ceased supporting his daughter’s household financially. (Yonhap, “Ex-President Moon indicted over alleged bribery,” Korea Herald, 24 April 2025)
 
South Korea to press US on lifting reciprocal and auto tariffs in “2+2” talks
On 24 April, South Korea’s Trade, Industry and Energy Minister Ahn Duk-geun stated that eliminating US reciprocal tariffs and resolving auto tariffs are the main priorities in the “2+2” talks. Ahn is to join Deputy Prime Minister Choi Sang-mok with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. Ahn noted that the top objectives were to secure the removal of the 10–25 per cent “reciprocal” tariffs paused until July and to resolve the 25 per cent automobile duties weighing heavily on bilateral trade. He ruled out discussions on US troop cost-sharing and noted that no meeting with President Trump is on the agenda. He reaffirmed South Korea’s aim to negotiate a sustained tariff deferment and prompt relief for its key export sectors. (Ahn Sung-mi, “Reciprocal tariffs removal, auto barriers top agenda at Korea-US talks,” Korea Herald, 24 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 22 April  2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 86
Comfort women survivors press Japan for apology and compensation, reports Korea Times
On 22 April, the Korea Times reported that only seven known survivors of Japan’s wartime sex slavery are still alive in Korea, including 97‑year‑old Lee Young‑soo. Lee was abducted at 14 and has spoken publicly since 1992. Since then, she has been urging for formal justice as they outlive promises made by successive Korean administrations and unfulfilled pledges by former President Yoon Suk Yeol. Japan had agreed with the Korean government to provide a one‑billion‑yen fund to a now‑dissolved foundation in 2015 called the “final and irreversible” agreement. However, this agreement was negotiated without victim consultation and some six billion won remains unused. Survivors like Lee condemn it as “hush money” and demand its return, insisting that meaningful compensation symbolizes Japan’s acknowledgment of the crime. Advocates emphasize that financial redress carries powerful universal human‑rights significance and urge Korea to bring Japan before the International Court of Justice to secure the survivors’ dignity and a sincere apology before the last voices are silenced. (Jung Da-hyun, “'Don’t wait until we are all gone': Former sex slaves demand justice now,” Korea Times, 22 April 2025)
 
POSCO and Hyundai Motor Group ally to build a steel mill in the US
On 21 April, POSCO Holdings and Hyundai Motor Group signed an MOU to jointly invest in building a USD 5.8 billion, electric‑arc‑furnace steel mill in Louisiana. The mill is due for completion by 2029 and aims to supply 2.7 million tons of automotive–grade plates annually. POSCO’s contribution remains undisclosed, as part of Hyundai’s broader USD 21 billion US investment plan announced at the White House. The two conglomerates will also deepen cooperation in EV battery materials, leveraging POSCO’s lithium and cathode/anode production to support Hyundai’s target of 3.2 million electric vehicles by 2030. A Hyundai Motor Group official said: “Through our partnership with POSCO Group, we aim to expand our business opportunities in global markets such as the US while further solidifying the foundation for sustainable growth and leadership in future mobility and electrification.” POSCO Holdings President Lee Ju-tae said: “Based on the synergy between the two companies, we will be able to find ways for sustainable growth across the group's steel and battery businesses in response to global trade pressures and paradigm shifts.” (Park Jae-hyuk, “POSCO, Hyundai Motor groups form a partnership in steel amid US tariff threats,” Korea Times, 21 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 20 April  2025, Monday | Vol.2 No. 85
South Korea and the US to hold “2+2” trade talks, informs acting President
On 24 April, acting President Han Duck‑soo announced that Finance Minister Choi Sang‑mok and Trade Minister Ahn Duk‑geun will meet US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer in the US. The first high‑level “2+2” talks are aimed at easing US reciprocal tariffs and immediately after the joint session, Ahn and Greer will hold separate discussions, with South Korea prioritizing its national interest through focused negotiations on trade balance, shipbuilding, and liquefied natural gas while preparing domestic support measures and monitoring parallel talks by the EU, Japan, and other partners. Han said: “Our government will direct all of our strength to finding a win-win solution for the two countries by holding calm and serious discussions with the US under the principle of putting top priority on our national interest.” (Yonhap, “S. Korea, US to hold 2+2 trade talks Thursday,” Korea Times, 21 April 2025)

South Korea to launch fourth military reconnaissance satellite
On 21 April, South Korea’s Ministry of National Defence confirmed its fourth military reconnaissance satellite from Cape Canaveral on Monday. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite will lift off on a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket. The launch is part of a plan to deploy five planned launches this year to ensure two‑hour revisit imaging of North Korean activity and reduce reliance on US imagery. The first electro‑optical/infrared satellite launched in December 2023 and two subsequent SAR satellites deployed last year have already begun enhancing Seoul’s independent surveillance capabilities. (Yonhap, “South Korea to launch 4th military spy satellite this week,” Korea Times, 21 April 2025)

South Korea’s former President Yoon attends second insurrection trial hearing
On 21 April, former President Yoon Suk Yeol appeared via underground parking at the Seoul Central District Court for the second hearing of his insurrection trial. He was accused of attempting to subvert the Constitution by deploying troops under his martial law decree. The court permitted press coverage of the session’s opening, and the prosecution reiterated charges that Yoon prepared to obstruct the National Assembly. Two military officers will testify as defense witnesses and be questioned by Yoon's legal team. (Yonhap, “Yoon attends 2nd insurrection trial hearing under flash of press cameras,” Korea Times, 21 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 18 April  2025, Friday | Vol.2 No. 83
US State Department consider closing a consulate in South Korea 
On17 April, a US State Department spokesperson reported that they continue to assess the US’s global programs and posture. This was following a report by the Trump administration that is looking at closing nearly 30 overseas embassies and consulates, including one in Korea. Yonhap reported that the spokesperson noted that no embassy or consulate closures have been announced. He said: "The State Department continues to assess our global programs and posture to ensure we are best positioned to address modern challenges on behalf of the American people.” (Yonhap, “US State Dept. says it continues to assess global posture amid report on possible Korea consulate closure,” Korea Times, 18 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 17 April  2025, Thursday | Vol.2 No. 82
Visa blocks the hiring of foreign nationals for white collar jobs in South Korea, reports KITA
On 16 April, a Korea International Trade Association (KITA) survey of 659 small-medium‑sized exporters (SMEs) found that just 49.5 percent planned to hire foreign nationals for white‑collar roles over the next three years. Employers most value overseas‑market analysis and language skills in these hires. However, with rigid visa wage requirements, E‑7‑1 professionals must earn at least 80 percent of per‑capita GNI, meaning they account for only 18.5 percent of foreign white‑collar staff. In contrast, F‑visa holders (residents, family members, ethnic Koreans) make up 42.1 percent, and D‑visa holders (students, job seekers) 29.7 percent. KITA researcher Kim Kkot‑byul urges reclassifying certain roles, such as sales workers and IT developers, as E‑7‑2 semi‑professionals to ease wage burdens, while retaining strict standards for executive positions to protect Korean workers’ jobs. Kim said: “The government should ease the burden of paying high wages by categorizing sales workers and IT developers as semi-professionals,” (Park Jae-hyuk, “Visa rules hold back Korean exporters from hiring more white-collar foreign workers,” Korea Times, 17 April 2025)
 
Democratic Party leader Lee Jae‑myung named in Time’s influential 100 "Leaders” list
On 16 April, Democratic Party leader Lee Jae‑myung was featured in Time magazine’s 2025 list of the 100 most influential people under the “Leaders” category. Editor‑at‑large Charlie Campbell highlights Lee’s journey from a farming family, where he walked ten miles daily to school and suffered a factory accident, to mayor, governor, and finally opposition figure leading the impeachment push against President Yoon Suk Yeol. Time calls him the “clear favorite” for South Korea’s June 3 presidential election, noting he must tackle threats from North Korea and global trade tensions if elected. Lee had lost the 2022 contest and survived an attack in 2024, but his resilience earned him praise and was quoted as saying: “little chance Lee is cowed.”(Yonhap, “Korea's presidential front-runner ranked among Time's 100 most influential people of 2025,” Korea Times, 17 April 2025)
 
Bank of Korea policy rate at 2.75 per cent due to tariff pressure
On 17 April, the Bank of Korea (BOK) opted to keep its key policy rate at 2.75 percent amid growing headwinds from the United States’ imposition of “reciprocal” tariffs. The central bank’s decision reflects concerns over renewed volatility in the Korean won, which slid to a 15‑year low of 1,487.6 won per US dollar on April 9 before recovering to around 1,416 won. Such exchange‑rate swings, combined with the knock‑on effects of higher import costs for energy and raw materials, pose risks to domestic growth and inflation. The BOK is expected to cut its base rate by 25 basis points at its next meeting on May 29. (Im Eun-byel, “BOK freezes base rate as tariff pressures weigh on economy,” Korea Herald, 17 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 16 April  2025, Wednesday | Vol.2 No. 81
KMT offices raided as part of recall fraud investigation
On 15 April, prosecutors from the New Taipei District Prosecutors Office raided 30 KMT locations in New Taipei and questioned 10 people involved with recall campaigns targeting Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) legislators. Boxes of evidence were removed from the KMT’s New Taipei offices, and the search focused on alleged recall fraud, with suspicious signatures copied from party membership lists or belonging to deceased individuals. New Taipei KMT Caucus Leader Wang Wei-yuan stated that the KMT’s Sanchong party committee leader was questioned. The Central Election Commission referred 39 recall cases for investigation, and DPP Legislator Lee Kuen-cheng also filed a complaint in February alleging recall fraud. (Jono Thomson, “KMT offices in New Taipei searched as part of recall fraud investigation,” Taiwan News, 15 April 2025)
 
Taiwan’s President signed agreements strengthening Taiwan–Tuvalu relations
On 15 April, President Lai Ching-te, at a meeting with Tuvalu Deputy Prime Minister Panapasi Nelesone, celebrated deepening Taiwan–Tuvalu relations. Lai thanked Tuvalu for its longstanding support of Taiwan’s international participation and noted that the two countries will soon sign a labor cooperation agreement and an accord on mutual recognition of seafarer training and certification documents. He emphasized that, as maritime nations sharing the values of democracy and freedom, Taiwan and Tuvalu are working together to protect ocean resources and address climate change for peace and prosperity in the Pacific. Nelesone expressed gratitude for Taiwan’s enduring friendship and support. (Kelvin Chen, “President lauds friendly Taiwan-Tuvalu relations,” Taiwan News, 15 April 2025)

South Korea Reader Daily Wire | 15 April 2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 80
Acting President Han Duck-soo to skip People Power Party primaries
On 15 April, the People Power Party (PPP) confirmed that Acting President and Prime Minister Han Duck-soo will not register as a candidate in the party’s presidential primary. PPP floor leader Kweon Seong-dong stated during a meeting with lawmakers that Han’s involvement in the race “would not help with the party’s primary and with the acting president’s official duty.” He later clarified that his comments were also intended to focus public attention on the ongoing party primary process amid rumors surrounding Han’s potential candidacy. Han has neither confirmed nor denied any intention to enter the race. Han is expected to remain as the acting President until the new president takes office after the 03 June election. The PPP and its rival Democratic Party are set to close candidate registration for their primaries on 15 April, with nominees to be finalized by early May. (Son Ji-hyoung, “Acting president won't join PPP presidential primaries: floor leader,” Korea Herald, 15 April 2025)

Former South Korean President Yoon defends martial law at his criminal trial
On 14 April, former President Yoon Suk Yeol appeared at Seoul Central District Court to defend himself against charges that his martial law declaration constituted an act of insurrection. Yoon stated that his martial law decree was merely “a message to the public” intended to protect freedom and democracy, not to impose military rule. The prosecution argued that Yoon disrupted the constitutional order by deploying military personnel to the National Assembly and the National Election Commission and by preemptively appointing Kim Yong-hyun as defense minister. Yoon rejected these allegations, asserting he only dispatched troops to inspect server management vulnerabilities reported by the National Intelligence Service and that his actions were consistent with regular martial law drills conducted by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The trial was conducted under strict security measures with Yoon entering via an underground parking lot and photography banned. (Lee Si-jin, “Now a defendant, Yoon again claims martial law was public message,” Korea Herald, 14 April 2025)

North Korea’s joint archaeology team unveils 10th-century Amitābha Buddha statue
On 13 April, KCNA reported that a joint team from the Archaeology Institute of the Academy of Social Sciences and the National Authority for the Protection of Cultural Heritage uncovered a 1.7-meter-tall stone statue of Amitābha Buddha in Yakjon-ri, Sukchon County, South Phyongan Province. The statue, dating back to the early 10th century, was identified by hand gestures and iconographic features, reflecting the spiritual and artistic legacy of the formative years of the Goryeo dynasty (918–1392). Though typically accompanied by bodhisattvas Avalokiteśvara and Mahāsthāmaprāpta, no attendant figures were found at the site. The Korean Central News Agency said: “The stone Buddhist image, well-trimmed with delicate and exquisite skills, will be of great help to the study of the history and culture of the period of Goryeo, as it is another precious legacy showing the excellent talents and wisdom of the Korean ancestors.” (Dario Radley, “1,000-year-old Buddha statue with stunning details discovered in North Korea,” Archaeology News, 13 April 2025)

South Korea Reader Daily Wire | 11 April  2025, Friday | Vol.2 No. 79
South Korea’s Foreign Ministry establishes diplomatic ties with Syria
On 10 April, South Korea established diplomatic relations with Syria, completing formal ties with all 191 UN member states except North Korea. South Korea also extended relations to three non-UN members, namely the Cook Islands, Niue, and the Holy See. South Korea’s Foreign Minister Cho Tae-yul travelled to Damascus and met with Syrian Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shaibani to finalize procedures and discuss bilateral cooperation. South Korea’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs said: “This development opens a new chapter of cooperation with Syria, whose bilateral relations with South Korea had been severed due to its close ties with North Korea.” Cho also expressed hope that cooperation would contribute to Syria’s development and regional stability, including participation by South Korean companies in reconstruction efforts and the provision of humanitarian assistance such as medicine, medical equipment, and rice. Cho also met with Syrian interim President Ahmed al-Sharaa, who hailed South Korea’s support as “crucial for a new Syria embarking on a fresh start.” (Yonnap, “S. Korea establishes diplomatic ties with Syria in foreign policy milestone,” Korea Times, 11 April 2025) 

US military leaders warn against reducing troops stationed in South Korea            
On 10 April, US military leaders in the Indo-Pacific, at a Senate Armed Services Committee hearing, presented negative views on the prospects of reducing US troops in South Korea. US Indo-Pacific Command Commander Admiral Samuel Paparo Junior warned that any withdrawal would raise the “higher probability” for a North Korean invasion and reduce the US's ability to curb the conflict. USFK Commander General Xavier Brunson described a troop reduction as “problematic,” emphasizing that US forces in Korea are critical for imposing costs on adversaries in both the East Sea and West Sea, and for maintaining enduring partnerships. Their remarks came amid lingering concerns that the Trump administration might seek to curtail overseas military involvement under its “America First” agenda, which has already included criticisms that the US has not been “reimbursed” sufficiently for its defense support. Both leaders underscored the strategic importance of Korea’s location in Northeast Asia, asserting that the return on America’s investment is measured in access, forward-basing, and deterrence rather than solely in economic terms. (Yonhap, “US military leaders negative about USFK troop reduction,” Korea Times, 11 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 09 April  2025, Wednesday | Vol.2 No. 78
South Korea’s Acting President discuss trade, security, and cooperation with US President
On 08 April, Acting President Han Duck-soo had a telephone conversation with US President Donald Trump. The call marked the first dialogue between Korea’s acting president and the US president since Trump’s inauguration and the subsequent ouster of former President Yoon Suk Yeol. During the call, Han emphasized Korea’s commitment to cooperate with the US on shipbuilding, LNG, a joint venture in an Alaska Pipeline, and trade balance. Both leaders agreed to continue constructive ministerial-level discussions and to coordinate closely on North Korea’s denuclearization policy. Trump, via his social media account on Truth Social, mentioned topics including Korea’s trade surplus, tariffs, shipbuilding, large-scale US LNG purchases, and military protection, suggesting the possibility of a “great DEAL” for both countries. They also expressed support for expanding trilateral cooperation with Japan, emphasizing that strong alliances are crucial for regional peace and security. Trade Minister Cheong In-kyo departed for Washington to further seek ways to lower the reciprocal tariffs imposed on Korean imports. (Anna J Park, “Acting president, Trump discuss cooperation on shipbuilding, LNG, trade balance,” Korea Times, 08 April 2025; Yonhap, “Trump says he, Han discussed S. Korea's defense payments, 'tremendous' trade surplus in 1st call,” Korea Herald, 09 April 2025)

Political turmoil makes South Korea unattractive to foreign firms, says AMCHAM survey
On 08 April, Korea Times reported on a survey by the American Chamber of Commerce (AMCHAM) on South Korea. They revealed that political instability due to martial law declaration and impeachment trials is seen as the greatest risk to doing business in South Korea. The survey of 1,000 respondents found that 25 per cent identified political instability as the biggest risk, compared with 6.4 per cent for issues such as the doctors’ strike and health care policy. The proportion of respondents rating Korea’s business environment as “below average” surged to 40.6 per cent in 2024, while 4.7 per cent rated it as “bad.” Additionally, 57.8 per cent felt that government policies and reforms negatively impacted the business climate, and 42.2 per cent remained pessimistic about the outlook for the next three years. The survey, released in the 2025 AMCHAM Business Environment Insight Report: APEC Special Edition, identified roughly 70 unresolved regulatory issues across 12 categories and stressed the urgent need for consultations to address potential trade friction. AMCHAM emphasised strengthening the Korea-US Free Trade Agreement, with AMCHAM Chairman James Kim stating: “We remain confident in the strength and resilience of the US-Korea economic partnership.” Amid ongoing disputes over reciprocal tariffs, Trade Minister Cheong In-kyo departed for Washington to meet with US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer. Cheong said: “We have to negotiate on steel and auto tariffs during this US visit as they are both major export items for Korea.” (Park Jae-hyuk, “Political instability makes South Korea less attractive to US firms: survey,” Korea Times, 08 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 08 April  2025, Tuesday | Vol.2 No. 77
South Korea’s interim president and cabinet confirm the election date to be 03 June
On 08 April, the government formally designated 3 June as the date of the next presidential election following the removal of former President Yoon Suk Yeol. The decision was made at a Cabinet meeting four days after the Constitutional Court upheld his impeachment. Under Article 68 of the Constitution, a new election must be held within 60 days of a vacancy, and the date has been set as a temporary public holiday. The National Election Commission began early candidate registration, with candidates required to register by 11 May and the official campaign period starting on 12 May. The law also mandates that any public servant running for president must resign at least 30 days before the election, making 4 May the deadline. (Yonhap, “South Korea formally sets presidential election for June 3,” Korea Times, 08 April 2025) 

Acting President Han Duck-soo appoints new Justice of the Constitutional Court
On 08 April, acting President Han Duck-soo appointed Ma Eun-hyuk as the ninth justice of the Constitutional Court on Tuesday. He also nominated successors, Lee Wan-kyu and Ham Sang-hun, the two retiring justices. In addition, Han appointed Ma Yong-joo as a Supreme Court justice. The decisions were made after careful consultation with Cabinet members amid previous delays in Ma’s appointment that had affected the impeachment trial of former President Yoon Suk Yeol. Han explained that the judicial appointments were essential to avoid delays in handling potential additional vacancies and managing important issues such as the presidential election, extra budget preparations, and trade concerns. His actions were taken in the context of political tensions and the possibility of further impeachment motions. (Yonhap, “Acting president appoints 9th justice to Constitutional Court,” Korea Times, 08 April 2025) 

South Korea’s Trade Minister to negotiate tariffs with the US to minimise economic impact
On 08 April, Trade Minister Cheong In-kyo announced that Korea will actively negotiate with the US to minimize the impact of new US tariffs on Korean industries and the economy. Cheong is set to meet with US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer during a two-day visit to Washington, where discussions will focus on major export items like steel and automobiles. The government is considering measures to reduce Korea’s trade surplus with the US, by increasing imports of American goods, including liquefied natural gas. Cheong said: “I think there is no other nation that has a closer relationship with the U.S. Department of Commerce and the USTR than our country,” noting that South Korea maintains an average tariff rate of less than 1 per cent on US imports under the longstanding bilateral free trade agreement. Chong said that preparations are underway for various scenarios, including potential amendments to the Korea-US FTA, although the Trump administration has not yet indicated any changes. (Yonhap, “South Korea to 'actively' negotiate on US steel, auto, reciprocal tariffs: trade minister,” Korea Times, 08 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 05-07 April  2025, Saturday-Monday | Vol.2 No. 75 & 76
South Korea’s next presidential election on 03 June 2025
On 07 April, according to Yonhap News Agency, a government official said the election date will be officially presented at the regular Cabinet meeting on 08 April and will tentatively happen on 03 June. Under Article 68 of the Constitution, if the presidency becomes vacant, a successor must be elected within 60 days, and with the impeachment ruling announced on 04 April, the deadline falls on 03 June. Ruling People Power Party floor leader Kweon Seong-dong said the snap election should reflect public sentiment on Lee Jae-myung, and the main opposition Democratic Party of Korea, said: “The DPK has taken no responsibility for the political turmoil it caused.” Meanwhile, DPK lawmaker Min Hyung-bae proposed a bill allowing a president elected in a snap election to establish a transition committee within 60 days of taking office to promote continuity and stability in governance. (Anna J Park, “South Korea's next presidential election tentatively set for June 3,” Korea Times, 07 April 2025)

76.9 per cent of South Koreans accept the court's decision to impeach President, says a survey
On 07 April, a Realmeter survey of 1,516 adults found that 76.9 per cent accepted the Constitutional Court’s verdict to remove former President Yoon Suk Yeol from office. Seventeen per cent of respondents said they would not accept the ruling, while 15 per cent remained undecided. Support varied by political affiliation, with 86.5 per cent of Democratic Party of Korea supporters accepting the decision, compared to 65.5 per cent of People Power Party backers. Public sentiment shifted before and after the ruling was announced on 04 April; nearly 80 per cent of respondents said they would accept the verdict on 02 April and 03 April, but that number dropped to 71.2 per cent on 04 April, with the share of those unwilling to accept rising from 12.9 per cent to 26.5 per cent. (Yonhap, “South Korea's president removed from office over martial law bid,” Korea Times, 07 April 2025)

South Korea’s stock market and currency plunges triggered by US tariffs
On 07 April, South Korea’s currency and stock market plunged amid fears of a global trade war triggered by US President Donald Trump’s tariff plans and retaliatory measures by China. The Korean won opened at 1,462.0 won per dollar and weakened to 1,468.65 won as of 10 AM. The Korea Composite Stock Price Index lost 103.56 points, or 4.2 per cent, to 2,361.86 in the first 15 minutes of trading. The bourse operator issued a sidecar order that halted program purchasing for five minutes after the Kospi 200 index shed over 5 per cent for more than 1 minute. The decline coincided with Trump’s announcement of reciprocal tariffs, including a 25 per cent duty on South Korean goods to take effect on Wednesday and a 10 per cent baseline tariff on all imports starting Saturday. Global market fears intensified when China announced a 34 per cent tariff on US goods, leading Wall Street to record its worst week since the COVID-19 pandemic, with the S&P 500, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and Nasdaq composite falling 6 per cent, 5.5 per cent, and 5.8 per cent, respectively. (“Korean won and stocks plummet as tariffs spur global recession fears,” Korea Herald, 07 April 2025)

South Korea’s power vacuum may delay response to US tariff issue, reports Korea Times
On 04 April, the Korea Times reported that South Korea’s removal of President Yoon Suk Yeol has created a leadership vacuum that experts warn may delay prompt countermeasures against US “reciprocal” tariffs. Acting President Han Duck‑soo is responsible till the snap presidential election takes place in 60 days. The Constitutional Court ruled to uphold Yoon’s impeachment, leaving businesses, particularly major export‑reliant conglomerates, vulnerable to lingering US trade pressure and prompting calls for rival parties to support Han in normalising state affairs. Professor emeritus of law at Sungkyunkwan University, Choi June-sun, said: “It will be tough for Korea to promptly respond to any such external risks due to the continuous leadership vacuum.” Industry officials report delayed investment decisions and urge high‑level talks between Korea and the US to alleviate fears. The Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade released a report warning that exports to the US could fall up to 13.1 per cent annually under the new tariff regime. (Lee Min-hyung, “Korea faces challenges to navigate Trump’s tariff risk without president,” Korea Times, 04 April 2025) 

The Constitutional Court's verdict to uphold President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment, reports an editorial in Korea Times
On 04 April, an editorial in the Korea Times reported the reasons for the Constitutional Court ruling to uphold President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment. On charges of declaring martial law on 03 December without legal justification or proper Cabinet process. The court rejected his claims that it was a warning to political opponents, within his authority, or necessary to counter “governance paralysis” or alleged election fraud. Justices found the contested bills had not taken effect at the time, that he failed to convene a formal Cabinet meeting, and unlawfully deployed troops to block the National Assembly and the National Election Commission. The court thus deemed that his actions violated parliamentary immunity, warrant requirements and military neutrality, and thus “abandoned his duty to uphold the Constitution and gravely betrayed the trust of the sovereign citizens of Korea.” (Lee Hyo-jin, “Decoding ruling: Why court upheld Yoon's impeachment,” Korea Times, 04 April 2025)

Former President Yoon to face criminal charges after impeachment verdict
On 04 April, former President Yoon Suk Yeol faced criminal charges of insurrection for the martial law declaration. He may also be charged with abuse of power with his immunity over. He is under investigation for special obstruction of public duty for directing the Presidential Security Service to resist police search and seizure, and could face allegations related to a candidate‑nomination scandal involving his wife and rigged surveys ahead of the 2022 parliamentary election. (Yoon Min-sik, “After Constitutional Court loss, Yoon Suk Yeol now faces criminal trial,” Korea Herald, 05 April 2025)

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 05 April  2025, Saturday | Vol.2 No. 75
South Korea’s power vacuum may delay response to US tariff issue, reports Korea Times 
On 04 April, the Korea Times reported that South Korea’s removal of President Yoon Suk Yeol has created a leadership vacuum that experts warn may delay prompt countermeasures against US “reciprocal” tariffs. Acting President Han Duck‑soo is responsible till the snap presidential election takes place in 60 days. The Constitutional Court ruled to uphold Yoon’s impeachment, leaving businesses, particularly major export‑reliant conglomerates, vulnerable to lingering US trade pressure and prompting calls for rival parties to support Han in normalising state affairs. Professor emeritus of law at Sungkyunkwan University, Choi June-sun, said: “It will be tough for Korea to promptly respond to any such external risks due to the continuous leadership vacuum.” Industry officials report delayed investment decisions and urge high‑level talks between Korea and the US to alleviate fears. The Korea Institute for Industrial Economics & Trade released a report warning that exports to the US could fall up to 13.1 per cent annually under the new tariff regime. (Lee Min-hyung, “Korea faces challenges to navigate Trump’s tariff risk without president,” Korea Times, 04 April 2025)  

The Constitutional Court's verdict on President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment, reports an editorial in Korea Times
On 04 April, an editorial in the Korea Times reported the reasons for the Constitutional Court ruling to uphold President Yoon Suk Yeol’s impeachment for declaring martial law on 3 December without legal justification or proper Cabinet process. The court rejected his claims that it was a warning to political opponents, within his authority, or necessary to counter “governance paralysis” or alleged election fraud. Justices found the contested bills had not taken effect at the time, that he failed to convene a formal Cabinet meeting, and unlawfully deployed troops to block the National Assembly and the National Election Commission. The court thus deemed that his actions violated parliamentary immunity, warrant requirements and military neutrality, and thus “abandoned his duty to uphold the Constitution and gravely betrayed the trust of the sovereign citizens of Korea.” (Lee Hyo-jin, “Decoding ruling: Why court upheld Yoon's impeachment,” Korea Times, 04 April 2025) 

Former President Yoon to face criminal charges after impeachment trial ruling 
On 04 April, former President Yoon Suk Yeol faced criminal charges of insurrection for the martial law declaration. He may also be charged with abuse of power with his immunity over. He is under investigation for special obstruction of public duty for directing the Presidential Security Service to resist police search and seizure, and could face allegations related to a candidate‑nomination scandal involving his wife and rigged surveys ahead of the 2022 parliamentary election. (Yoon Min-sik, “After Constitutional Court loss, Yoon Suk Yeol now faces criminal trial,” Korea Herald, 05 April 2025) 

Korea Reader Daily Wire | 02-03 April  2025, Wednesday-Thursday | Vol.2 No. 73 & 74
US Announces new tariffs to address trade imbalances
On 02 April, US President Donald Trump to impose a minimum 10 per cent baseline tariff on all imports to the US and reciprocal tariffs of 25 per cent duties. This decision was taken to reduce trade deficits and bolster domestic manufacturing. The tariffs will take effect on 05 April for the baseline measure and 09 April for the reciprocal tariffs. The announcement was made at the White House Rose Garden during the “Make America Wealthy Again” event. The Office of the US Trade Representative report detailed country-specific tariffs for approximately 60 worst offenders. Some goods, such as steel, aluminum, automobiles, and key auto parts, remain exempt, and products under the US- Mexico- Canada Agreement continue at zero tariff. Trump justified the measures under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act of 1977, stating that trade barriers have forced massive imbalances. (Yonhap, “Trump unveils 10% 'baseline' tariff, 25% 'reciprocal' tariff on S. Korea,” Korea Herald, 03 April 2025) 
 
NATO Chief calls for expanded defense cooperation with South Korea
On 03 April, NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte expressed interest in expanding defense cooperation with South Korea at a “NATO-wide” level. He made the call during a meeting with Foreign Minister Cho Tae-yul in Brussels at the NATO foreign ministers’ gathering. South Korea was invited as a guest nation among NATO’s Indo-Pacific partners, including Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. Rutte hoped South Korea would pursue defense cooperation with NATO as a whole, while Cho suggested starting with practical, achievable measures through working-level discussions and called for NATO’s support in expediting a South Korea-NATO intelligence-sharing channel. Cho also emphasized that military cooperation between Russia and North Korea must be stopped immediately, referring to Pyongyang’s troop dispatch to Russia in support of the war against Ukraine. Additionally, Cho reaffirmed South Korea’s commitment to supporting Ukraine’s reconstruction with a long-term USD 2 billion package starting this year, following last year’s USD 400 million aid. (Yonhap, “Rutte voices hope for 'NATO-wide' defense cooperation with S. Korea: Seoul,” Korea Herald, 03 April 2025)

South Korea against US citing of defense offsets program as a trade barrier
On 01 April, the Korea Times reported that Defense Acquisition Program Administration officials were baffled by the US Trade Representative’s inclusion of Korea’s offset defense trade program in its annual National Trade Estimate Report. The report states: “The Korean government has pursued policies that prioritize local technology and products over foreign defense technology through its defense offset program,” with an offset obligation arising if a defense contract exceeds USD 10 million. Defense Acquisition Program Administration spokesperson Cho Yong-jin said: “The Korean and US governments are closely cooperating through discussions based on a reciprocal defense procurement agreement aimed at easing barriers in defense acquisition.” He added that further analysis is needed to understand the US position. Some defense industry insiders view this listing as a potential warning that the Trump administration may use the offset policy as leverage in future negotiations, possibly affecting arms cooperation. (Lee Hyo-jin, “Korea baffled by US listing of defense offset as trade barrier,” Korea Times, 01 April 2025)
 
Diversion of US Forces Korea (USFK) concerns South Korea
On 01 April, the Korea Herald reported that South Korea is concerned over a potential shift in the role of the 28,500 US troops stationed there amid evolving nuclear and missile threats from North Korea. Experts note that these worries have been exacerbated following President Donald Trump’s return to office in January. There is speculation that the second Trump administration may divert some US Forces Korea (USFK) resources to help defend Taiwan against threats from China, leaving South Korea more vulnerable to North Korean provocations. Director of External Cooperation at the Korea Institute for Defense Analyses Yu Ji-hoon said: “There are growing concerns over the potential scenario that Washington would leverage part of the US Forces stationed on the Korean Peninsula for broader regional security roles rather than limiting their role to deterring the North.” A report by the Brookings Institution noted that South Koreans have expressed increasing concern about the spillover effects of a Taiwan Strait conflict onto the peninsula. Recent developments, including South Korea being placed on the US Department of Energy’s Sensitive and Other Designated Countries List and US Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth omitting South Korea from his latest Indo-Pacific itinerary, have further fueled these concerns. (Jung Min-kyung, “Concerns rise in S. Korea over potential shift in role of USFK,” Korea Herald, 01 April 2025)
 
South Korean President vetoed the Commercial Act Revision and signed pension reform bill
On 01 April, South Korea’s acting president, Han Duck-soo vetoed an opposition-led revision of the Commercial Act. The act required corporate boards to act in the interests of company shareholders, and was vetoed citing risks to competitiveness and the national economy amid heightened uncertainty. This veto was criticized by opposition parties who claim it protects vested interests, while the ruling People Power Party plans an alternative revision targeting listed companies only. At the same Cabinet meeting, Han signed a pension reform bill into law that will raise the pension contribution rate from 9 per cent in 2025 to 13 per cent in 2033 and the income replacement rate to 43 per cent starting in 2026. (Son Ji-hyoung, “Acting president vetoes bill to mandate fiduciary duty to shareholders,” Korea Herald, 01 April 2025)