IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Junta decides to popularise draft constitution before a referendum

On 17 March, BBC reported on a private media in Mali, Maliweb, which said that the interim President Assimi Goita has called on the National Transitional Council (CNT) to take ownership of the new draft constitution and popularise the same ahead of the referendum. Additionally, the report said that the military leader is planning to present the draft constitution to political groups and civil society organisations on 20 March. This comes after the junta announced an indefinite postponement of the referendum for adoption of the constitution scheduled on 19 March. (“Mali to give hard sell on new draft constitution,” BBC, 17 March 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: At least 68 people killed in series of rebel attacks

On 17 March, BBC reported that at least17 people were killed in a militant attack in eastern Democratic Republic Congo. The Allied Democratic Forces, an active rebel group in the region who are said to have links to the Islamic State, is suspected behind the attack. The attack comes after at least 45 being killed previously by the same rebels on 15 March. Despite the presence of multiple regional and international forces, M23 and ADF rebels' campaigns continue to exacerbate in the country. (“Thousands flee from Islamist rebels in DR Congo,” BBC, 17 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Malawi: More than 200 people killed in tropical storm Freddy

On 16 March, Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera declared a “national tragedy” after more than 200 people died in tropical storm, Freddy. Chakwera promised to intensify rescue operations, as he attended funerals of the victims. The government had set up 30 emergency camps for at least 20,000 people who were forced to leave their homes. Health Minister Khumbize Chiponda described the situation as “very Fragile.” She stated: “We have a history of getting cyclones. Unfortunately for Freddy, it was totally different, totally unexpected.” (“Deadly floods a national tragedy - Malawi leader,” BBC, 16 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: US Secretary of State's visit to Ethiopia and Niger

On 15 March, the US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, during his visit to Ethiopia, highlighted the importance of implementation of the peace agreement between the federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). He said that there needs to be accountability on atrocities committed by warring parties during the conflict. Meanwhile, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said that the two leaders discussed strengthening relations which hardened during the conflict. On 16 March, Blinken visited Niger and met with former jihadists who were rehabilitated through a vocational training programme by the US. He called the country a model for the region, which has seen an increasing threat of Islamist militancy. It is the first ever visit by a US Secretary of State to Niger. (“Blinken due to meet Ethiopia political leaders,” BBC, 15 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Protesters march towards the republican palace demanding civilian transition

On 14 March, hundreds of people protested in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, marching towards the republican palace. The police fired tear gas to crack down the protest. The protesters carried banners with names of those who were killed during the protests which have been going on since the military takeover in 2021. The protests demanding a civilian transition have been led by doctors, journalists, lawyers, teachers and engineers. The latest protests came under the slogan of “the revolution is a union and a neighbourhood committee.” (“Protesters pushed back from Sudan's presidential palace,” BBC, 14 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: 30 migrants feared dead after boat capsized near the Libyan coast

On 13 March, BBC reported that more than 30 people are feared dead after a boat carrying migrants capsized near the coast of Libya. Alarm Phone, a humanitarian group said that it had alerted the authorities in Libya, Italy, and Malta, however, the countries refused to take essential action. The Italian coastguard claimed that the boat was in Libya’s coast and the zone was difficult to reach because of bad weather. The Libyan authorities justified that they had no available boats to send. (“Dozens of migrants feared dead off Libya's coast,” BBC, 13 March 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Somali regional state denies allegations of supporting Somaliland

On 10 March, Ethiopia’s Somali regional state denied the allegations of supporting the self-declared Somaliland by sending regional troops in the restive Las Anod region. State owned Somali Regional TV (SRTV) quoted the regional government: “We are telling the Somaliland administration that there are no DDS (Ethiopia’s Somali regional state) troops who are part of the violence in Las Anod.” The regional government denounced the allegations as “reckless” adding that Somaliland was “seeking to reduce political pressure by pointing fingers at non-existing enemies.” The officials also warned the Somaliland authorities on the comment that it could create hostilities between respective communities. (“Ethiopia region denies supporting Somalia clashes,” BBC, 10 March 2023) 

Mali: Military junta postpones referendum

On 10 March, BBC reported that Mali’s military junta postponed the constitutional referendum which was supposed to be a significant development to the planned civilian transition. In July 2022, ECOWAS lifted sanctions on Mali after the military promised to hold elections in February 2024. However, the new decision has made correspondents to comment not surprising and will substantiate the suspicion of Colonel Assimi Goita wanting to prolong in power. (“Mali's military to postpone key referendum,” BBC, 10 March 2023)

Nigeria: At least 25 people killed in Islamist militant attack

On 10 March, BBC reported that at least 25 people were killed in an Islamist militant attack in the north-eastern Borno state. The attack is suspected to be carried out by Islamic State West Africa Province (Iswap) militants. The UN has condemned the attack; UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Matthias Schmale stated: “This deeply shocking attack is another horrific reminder of the real threats of violence and insecurity that IDPs and other people affected by more than 13 years of the non-international armed conflict in the region continue to face daily in their struggle to survive.” (“At least 25 killed in Nigeria jihadist attack; UN condemns suspected Islamist attack in Nigeria,” BBC, 10 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: Currency crisis beyond governments control, says trade minister

On 9 March, Kenya's trade minister said that currency shortage in the country is beyond governments' control. He called for incentives that would encourage local manufacturers to protect them from foreign competitors. A local media outlet reported that the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) has directed commercial banks to ration dollars following the shortage of currency. Economists say that tough rules in the interbank currency market by the regulator is behind the crisis. In 2022, Kenyan currency lost nine per cent against the dollar. (“Kenya's dollar shortage out of our control - minister,” BBC, 9 March 2023)

Mauritania: German firms signs MoU for green energy project

On 9 March, a German firm said that it signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a USD 34 billion worth green energy project in Mauritania. The project is expected to produce up to eight million tons of hydrogen-based products annually in Mauritania. Egyptian and Emirati companies are also part of the project. The first phase of the project is due to be finished in Five years. (“German firm signs $34bn Mauritania green energy deal,” BBC, 9 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Somalia: 13 men executed in semi-autonomous Puntland

On 8 March, BBC reported that 13 men were executed in Somalia’s semi-autonomous Puntland region. Nine of them belonged to Islamist militant groups Al-Shabab and Islamic State; six were former soldiers accused of murder. Meanwhile, human rights groups say the number of executions have significantly increased in Somalia. (“Soldiers and militants executed in Somali region,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

South Africa: GDP decline by 1.3 per cent

On 8 March, BBC reported that South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product decreased by 1.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2022. Analysts say that the decline is far more than expected and blamed the energy crisis affecting productivity. Businesses were paralysed by power disruption leaving an increase in production cost as they had to depend on contingency power. Though the South African economy grew by two percent in 2022, it is far behind the six per cent target. (“South Africa's economy shrinks by more than expected,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

Nigeria: INEC postpones local assembly elections

On 8 March, Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission (INEC) postponed elections for state governors and local assemblies for a week. The elections will be held on 18 March. This comes after the opposition challenged the presidential elections held last month alleging irregularities with the electronic voting system. The electoral commission said the legal challenge held up preparations and the machines would not be ready in time. (“Nigeria postpones election of state governors,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

Africa: Cyclone Freddy; death toll reaches 21

On 8 March, BBC reported that at least 21 people were killed following the cyclone Freddy in Indian Ocean island, Madagascar and Mozambique. The storm has become the long-lasting one on record, reaching 32 days. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) described the cyclone as meteorologically “remarkable”. According to the UN, more than 160,000 people have been affected by the storm. (“Cyclone Freddy: Rare and deadly storm to hit Mozambique again,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Tunisia: President dismisses accusations of racism

On 5 March, President Kais Saied, while denying allegations of racism, warned perpetrators of racial attacks of legal actions. Saied claimed that those carrying out the racism campaign are known sources. Reiterating that Tunisia was an African country, Saied said: “Africans are our brothers.” The development comes after Saied accused African migrants of attempting to alter Tunisia’s demography. (“Tunisia leader warns against racial attacks amid row,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Sudan: SPLM-IO calls for reinstatement of defence minister

On 6 March, BBC reported Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) was calling on President Salva Kiir to reinstate Defense Minister Angelina Teny after she was removed from her post on 3 March, along with the Interior Minister. The SPLM-IO termed the removal of Teny a violation of the peace agreement. The presidential decree provided no explanation behind the move. Kiir also moved the Defence Ministry to his party Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Interior Ministry to the SPLM-IO. The SPLM-IO said that swapping the ministries was also a violation of the agreement. (Nichola Mandil, “South Sudan opposition wants sacked minister reinstated,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Central African Republic: West has kept the country unstable, claims president

On 5 March, President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, while addressing the UN Least Developed Countries (LDCs) conference, accused the West of keeping the Central African Republic politically unstable. Touadéra said that since independence, CAR has been witnessing “systematic looting facilitated by the political instability maintained by certain Western countries or their companies which finance armed terrorist groups whose main leaders are foreign mercenaries.” Touadéra termed CAR a “victim of geostrategic aims linked to its natural resources” and said “foreign interference” had fuelled “dependence, insecurity and instability” in CAR and several other countries. (“The West keeps Central African Republic unstable - president,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Burkina Faso: North and Centre east placed under curfew to fight terrorism 

On 5 March, AFP reported that the North and Centre East parts had been placed under curfew until 31 March to fight jihadists. The news report quoted a note from the secretary general of the governorate for the North: “In the framework of the fight against terrorism, a curfew is established from 22:00 to 05:00 across all the regional territory from Friday March 3 to Friday 31 March. According to the official, the curfew would be useful to the army deployed near the border with Mali. Previously, the Koulpelogo province was also placed under curfew, keeping in line with an administrative communiqué from the high commission in Ghana and Togo. (“Burkina Faso imposes curfews to help 'fight against terrorism',” News24, 6 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

US begins annual counter-terrorism training for African soldiers

On 1 March, the US commenced its annual counter-terrorism training, Flintlock, for soldiers across Africa in Ghana. In the programme aimed to improve border defences against Islamist insurgency, American and European trainers prepare soldiers on first aid and firing drills. The US Africa Command said: “Flintlock intends to strengthen the ability of key partner nations in the region to counter violent extremist organizations, collaborate across borders, and provide security for their people.” (“U.S. Special Forces launch counter-terrorism drills with African armies,” Reuters, 3 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Ruling party wins the election, Bola Tinubu announced as new President

On 2 March, ruling party All Progressive Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won Nigeria’s presidential elections by securing 37 per cent of votes. After being announced the winner, he said in a televised speech: “I take this opportunity to appeal to my fellow contestants to let us team up together. It is the only nation we have. It is one country and we must build it together.” Meanwhile, Peter Obi, opposition candidate belonging to the Labour party criticised the election results claiming that voters were robbed at the polling station and pledged to legally challenge the results. He said at a news conference: “We won the election and we will prove it to Nigerians.” The head of the African Union Commission,  Moussa Fakki congratulated Tinubu urging all parties to "uphold peace and the rule of law." Further he added: "any post-election dispute or grievance (should) be pursued through the judicial system, as provided for by the law." Following the announcement of the results, the US State Department stated: “This competitive election represents a new period for Nigerian politics and democracy.” The UK Prime Minister congratulated the new President Bola Tinubu saying: “I look forward to working together to grow our security and trade ties, opening up opportunities for businesses and creating prosperity in both our countries.” (“Rishi Sunak congratulates Tinubu on election win,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “US congratulates Nigeria president-elect, urges calm,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “Bola Tinubu wins Nigeria's presidential election against Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

South Africa: The US downplays joint military exercise with Russia and China

On 2 March, the US commander in Africa, General Michael Langley downplayed the recent joint military exercise by South Africa along with Russia and China in the Indian Ocean. He said that the US offered better security partnerships to African countries however, would not force them to pick partners to cooperate militarily with. He described the joint naval exercise as power projection by Russia and China. Additionally, he warned of the growing presence of the Russian Wagner Group in west African countries, saying that they are destabilising entities. (“US downplays SA-China-Russia military exercise,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

Uganda: President defends decision to terminate UN’s OHCHR operations

On 2 March, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni defended his government’s decision to terminate the operations of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the country. Responding to a journalist who questioned the decision, he said: “This is because we have Ugandan Human Rights Commission which is mandated by the constitution. So having others which are not part of our constitution system is first of all unnecessary, but also diversionary.” He added: “They [OCHR] don't have the powers of enforcement.'' This comes after the Ugandan government announced that it would not renew the mandate of the OHCHR on 3 February. (“Ugandan leader defends move to shut UN rights office,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Al-Shabab’s attack and army’s counter operations 

On 1 March, the state-run news agency said that at least 10 Al-Shabab militants were killed in a security operation. On 22 February, BBC reported that at least 10 people were killed in an attack in Somali’s capital Mogadishu. The authorities said that Al-Shabab is responsible for the siege at the building occupied by pro-government militia. Security forces said that they have killed four members of the Al-Shabab group. Despite significant gains by Somalia’s military backed by the African Union and the US forces, the militant group continues to carry out frequent attacks. (“Al-Shabab commanders killed in Somalia operation,” BBC, 1 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: France unveils new Africa strategy

On 28 February, the French President, Emmanuel Macron unveiled France’s new Africa strategy which is to reduce its troop presence in the continent. Macron described French military bases in Africa as a heritage from the past and that France should not be a scapegoat for failures in the fight against insurgency in the Sahel. This comes a week after Russia promised to increase its military support to west African countries alongside the controversy over the presence of Russian Wagner Group in Mali. Meanwhile, Macron described the group as the life insurance of failing regimes in the region. (“France to reduce troops in Africa in new strategy,” BBC, 28 February 2023)

Nigeria: Oppositions protest against the INEC and irregularities in the election results

On 28 February, members of Nigeria’s major opposition parties walked out of the National Collation Center protesting against the irregularities in the results announced. The main oppositions People’s Democratic Party and Labour party, alleged that there were instances of over-voting and disparities in the results. Meanwhile, protests broke out in major towns denouncing the Independent National Election Commission (INEC), accusing the body of running non-transparent elections and demanding a rerun. (“Demonstrators out in support of electoral commission,” BBC, 28 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: Macron to announce new Africa strategy ahead of visit

On 27 February, BBC reported that French President Emmanuael Macron is expected to outline the new Africa policy ahead of his four-nation visit to the continent. He will be visiting Gabon, Angola, Congo-Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of Congo this week. The visit comes alongside the increasing Russian and Chinese footprints in the continent alongside probing anti-French sentiments in the west African countries. (“Macron seeks strategy shift in Africa visit,” BBC, 27 February 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 seizes more territory 

On 27 February, BBC reported that the M23 rebels had seized more territory in Mushaki and Ryaya areas of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.  The Congolese army has not yet commented on the reports of capture. The areas are said to have large deposits of coltan, manganese, tantalum and other minerals. According to the new timelines by East Africa defence chiefs, the rebels were supposed to withdraw on 28 February from territories they had seized. (“Rebels seize more ground as DR Congo fighting rages, BBC, 27 February 2023)

Nigeria: Opposition party accuses irregularities in the election results

On 27 February, the major opposition parties in Nigeria, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and the Labour Party member stormed out of the election results announcing centres alleging irregularities in the results. A PDP member accused the Independent National Election Commission (INEC) of non-transparent results saying: “We have evidence of Bvas machines malfunctioning in several states and we have asked the commission to provide us the state results on its portal as promised but they declined.” However, INEC has denied the allegations. (“Opposition parties storm out of election centre,” BBC, 27 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: At least 12 people killed in militant attack

On 24 February, BBC reported that at least 12 people were killed in an Islamist militant attack in central Mali’s Mopti region. Malian officials said that gunmen attacked a village, shot people, and burnt homes. Jihadist groups linked to al Qaeda and the Islamic State are suspected to be responsible for the attack. (“Villagers shot and homes burnt down in central Mali,” BBC, 24 February 2023)

Ethiopia: At least seven people died of starvation

On 24 February, BBC reported that at least seven people died of starvation in Borena region in southern Ethiopia following severe drought. The district administrator in the region, Dhenge Wario said that among those who died included a two-month-old baby and elderly people. He added: “People are not eating food for many days. Their cattle are all dead.” According to the disaster prevention and food security office in the region, more than 800,000 people are in need of emergency food assistance. The Horn of Africa has been facing what the UN called “the most severe drought in two generations,” followed by five consecutive failed rainy seasons. (“Seven die as drought ravages southern Ethiopia,” BBC, 24 February 2023)

Burkina Faso: Government's plan to recruit troops

On 24 February, Burkina Faso government military announced that it will recruit another 5,000 soldiers to fight Islamist insurgency surging the country. The Defence Minister, Colonel Kassoum Coulibaly said that the new recruits, aged between 20 and 35, need to be prepared to serve in the army for the next five years. The announcement comes after at least 50 soldiers were killed in an attack a week ago in the north of the country. (“Burkina Faso to recruit 5,000 soldiers to fight jihadists,” BBC, 24 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: AU observer applauds Nigerian government’s commitment to a free and fair election

On 23 February, African Union observer and former Kenyan President, Uhuru Kenyatta said that the Nigerian government is showing commitment to oversee a credible election. He said that the authorities seem “quite confident” that they could hold “free, fair and transparent” elections. Besides warning on the challenges ahead of the elections, Kenyatta added that the presidential candidates had told him that they can “surmount” those challenges, including security concerns, irregularities, and the cash shortages following the recent redesign of the currency. (“Nigeria government committed to credible vote - Kenyatta,” BBC, 23 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: At least ten people killed in Al-Shabab attack

On 22 February, BBC reported that at least 10 people were killed in an attack in Somali’s capital Mogadishu. The authorities said that al Shabab is responsible for the siege at a building occupied by pro-government militia. Security forces said that they have killed four members of al Shabab group. Despite significant gains by Somalia’s military backed by the African Union and the US forces, the militant group continues to carry out frequent attacks. (“Ten killed as Somali forces end siege in Mogadishu,” BBC, 22 February 2023)

Tunisia: President Saied’s remarks criticised

On 22 February, Tunisian President Kais Saied called for “emergency measures” against irregular migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Rights groups have criticised his remarks that the influx of migrants was aimed at changing the country’s demography as racist. The Reuters news agency quoted him: “The undeclared goal of the successive waves of illegal immigration is to consider Tunisia a purely African country that has no affiliation to the Arab and Islamic nations.” A spokesperson for the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights described Saied’s remarks: “A racist approach just like the campaigns in Europe…the presidential campaign aims to create an imaginary enemy for Tunisians to distract them from their basic problems.” (“Tunisia leader's remarks against migrants criticised,” BBC, 22 February 2023)

Somaliland: Thousands fleeing to Ethiopia amid violence, says UN

On 22 February, the UN said that thousands of civilians fled the self-declared republic of Somaliland to Ethiopia following fighting between regional government forces and local militias. The UN’s refugee agency, the UNHRC said that more than 80,000 people have reached Ethiopia’s Doole area from Somaliland’s Las Anod district the previous month. (“Thousands flee to Ethiopia amid Somaliland violence,” BBC, 22 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Mali: Three UN peacekeepers killed in central Mali blast

On 21 February, the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali said at least three UN peacekeepers had been killed and five injured in an IED blast in central Mali. The development comes a day after the military government raised its objections against the European Council’s head’s remarks that the Malian state was “collapsing” as militants, largely linked to the Islamic State and al Qaeda, were making advances into new territories. (“Three UN peacekeepers killed by roadside bomb in Mali,” Al Jazeera, 21 February 2023)

Nigeria: Eight police officers killed in suspected IPOB attack

On 20 February, a local police spokesperson in Anambra state said at least eight police officers had been killed in two separate attacks suspected to be carried out by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). The spokesperson said a patrol vehicle and three exhibit vehicles had been set on fire in the attack and that two attackers were arrested and three were “fatally wounded.” The attacks come days ahead of the presidential elections; an Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) official said deployment to some stations may be hindered due to security challenges. (“Suspected rebels kill 8 police officers ahead of Nigeria election,” Al Jazeera, 21 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa: AU continues suspension of Israel delegate to summit

On 19 February, the African Union commission chairperson Moussa Faki Mahamat said that Israel's observer status to the AU would remain suspended. Mahamat said: “The status is suspended until such time as this committee can deliberate … and so we did not invite Israeli officials to our summit.” Previously, the removal of Israel's deputy director-general of the Africa division, during a summit, sparked criticism from Tel Aviv. (Lenin Ndebele, “Israel still frozen out of AU observer status,” News24, 20 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Libya: Guterres calls for political will to address a stalemate

On 17 February, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said: “Overcoming the current political impasse in Libya can unleash much-needed progress in tackling myriad crises there. Guterres, while attending the session by the High-level Committee on Libya, said the solution lies in the “political will to break the protracted political stalemate.” Guterres added that the “absence of elections worsens economic insecurity, heightens political instability, risks renewed conflict, and raises the specter of partition.” (“Guterres in Africa: End political stalemate in Libya now, UN chief urges leaders,” UN News, 17 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: Three dissenting clerics reinstated in Oromia

On 15 February the Orthodox Church said it had reached an agreement with three clerics in the Oromia region declared themselves archbishops after accusing the main church of bias against Oromos. The agreement reinstated the clerics, promised funds, resources to the churches in Oromia, and emphasised the need to train more Afaan Oromo-speaking priests. (“Ethiopian Orthodox Church reaches deal with three rogue bishops,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)

Nigeria: President extends deadline for exchanging old banknotes

On 16 February, President Muhammadu Buhari approved the extension of the deadline to exchange old banknotes till 10 April. The previous deadline to exchange denominations of 1,000, 500, and 200 naira notes was 10 February; however, shortage of new notes led to violence and queues outside banks. However, Buhari maintained that while 200 notes could be used until 10 April, 1000 and 500 notes had to be exchanged at the central bank and other authorised points. The development contradicts the Supreme Court’s ruling that all old notes will remain legal until challenges filed by state governments are heard. (“Nigeria’s Buhari extends deadline to turn in old banknotes,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

DRC-Rwanda: Kigali accuses Congolese soldiers of attacking border post

On 15 February, Rwanda said 12 to 14 Congolese soldiers had crossed into the neutral zone and opened fire at a border post. Kigali termed it “an act of provocation.” However, the Democratic Republic of the Congo denied the claim; the South Kivu province governor said: “In no case did the [army] cross the neutral zone, let alone open fire in the direction of Rwanda.” The governor added: “Rwanda’s tendency to want to portray itself as a victim and stoke tensions by making false accusations reveals without any doubt its intention to attack South Kivu province, as is currently the case in the war of aggression that it is carrying out in North Kivu.” (“Rwanda accuses DR Congo soldiers of attack on army border post,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)

Libya: At least 73 migrants presumed dead after a shipwreck

On 15 February, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) said that at least 73 migrants are presumed dead after a shipwreck at the Libyan coast.  So far 11 bodies were recovered by the Libyan Red Crescent and police. The ship was carrying migrants to Europe through the route that IOM described as "the world's deadliest migratory sea crossing." According to IOM, more than 130 people have died this year alone while trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea through the route. (“More than 70 migrants feared dead after shipwreck,” BBC, 15 February 2023)  Nigeria: 

Nigeria: Protests over shortage of cash

On 15 February, BBC reported that the frustrated Nigerian public have taken to the streets over the scarcity of cash following the central bank's decision to scrap old notes and replace them with new notes that are yet to reach widely. A regional newspaper reported that protesters attacked banks and destroyed ATM machines. Meanwhile, two people are feared dead after the protest turned violent. Roads were blocked with burning tyres and banks and other businesses were shut in Ibadan city following the violent protest. Country is expected to carry out presidential elections by the end of February. (“Ex-Kenyan leader to head AU mission in Nigeria polls,” BBC, 15 February 2023, “Protests over cash shortage hit parts of Nigeria,” BBC, 15 February 2023)

The Uk accused of crimes against humanity over occupation of Chagos island

On 15 February, the Uk has been accused of crimes against humanity over its refusal to allow a group of islanders to return to Chagos archipelago. Human Rights Watch said that reparations should be paid to generations that were affected by the decision to depopulate the island during the colonial times. However, the UK Foreign Office stressed on its repeating "deep regret" response adding that it "categorically reject the characterization of events" as crimes against humanity. The HRW report comes as the UK is facing severe international criticism for holding on to what it calls as "British Indian Ocean Territory" though the UN's International Court of Justice ruled British occupation of the Island as illegal. ("UK accused of crimes against humanity over Chagos," BBC, 15 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph 

South Africa: Russian warship arrives in Cape Town for joint military drills

On 13 February, a Russian warship docked in Cape Town harbour as part of South Africa’s previously announced joint military drill with China and Russia. The drills are expected to run for 10 days from 17 to 27 February in the port city of Durban and Richards Bay. The South African defence ministry defended the drills after facing severe criticism for its engagement with Russia by claiming that the country has hosted similar military exercises with France, the US and other western allies previously. (“Russian warship docks in S Africa ahead of joint drills,” BBC, 14 February 2023)

Kenya: President orders the army to join security operation amid increasing bandits attack

On 14 February, Kenyan President Willam Ruto ordered the army to join a security operation against the armed groups in the northern Rift Valley region. According to the interior ministry, more than 100 civilians were killed in attacks by armed men in the past six months. Besides, the government has been facing severe criticism for inadequate response to increasing security issues in the region. (“Kenya to deploy army as bandits kill over 100,” BBC, 14 February 2023)

Ukraine to launch training programme for African diplomats

On 14 February, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said that the country has launched a “comprehensive” four-day online training programme for African diplomats, as an effort to strengthen relations with the continent. The ministry said that the agreement was reached in October 2022 during the foreign minister’s visit to Africa. Kuleba said: “During my tour, our African partners showed considerable interest in studying Ukrainian diplomatic experience.” He added: “The course developed is a continuation of the renaissance of relations between Ukraine and African countries, and will also be our practical contribution to strengthening the stability of the African continent.” (“Ukraine to train African diplomats amid Russia invasion,” BBC, 14 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Eritrea: President accuses the US of supporting Tigray rebels

On 13 February, Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki accused the US of supporting the Tigray rebels during the Ethiopia-Tigray conflict. He claimed that the peace deal between the federal government and the Tigray rebels was rushed by the US to halt the rebels from losing their ground. Additionally, for the first time Afwerki admitted that thousands of people died during the conflict. Previous week, he denied the reports of war crimes committed by Eritrean troops which fought alongside the Ethiopian federal forces. (“US supported rebels in Tigray conflict - Eritrean leader,” BBC, 13 February 2023)

Burkina Faso: At least 12 civilians killed in armed men attack

On 13 February, BBC reported that at least 12 civilians were killed in an attack by armed men in northern Burkina Faso. Residents of the village told a French news agency that armed men on motorbikes stormed the village and looted animals and goods. Assailants are assumed to be members of an Islamist group that has forced thousands to flee their homes in Burkina Faso and in neighbouring Mali and Niger. (“Twelve civilians killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 13 February 2023)

Mali: 12 killed in attack near Mali border

On 13 February, BBC referred to a French news agency and reported that at least 12 civilians had been killed in an attack in Kossi province along the border with Mali in the north. Locals told the news agency that unidentified armed men, suspected to be linked to the Islamist insurgency, stormed a village on 10 February, looted animals and goods, and killed the civilians. (“Twelve civilians killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 13 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

DR Congo: Former Kenyan president calls for more regional troops

On 10 February, former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, a mediator for the East African Community (EAC) bloc said that more troops are needed in Democratic Republic of Congo where the armed groups have withdrawn, according to the Luanda agreement. He expressed concerns over the deteriorating security situation in the North Kivu province where the M23 rebel attacks had resumed. In addition, he urged all parties to focus on the implementation of the resolutions of the third round of talks in Nairobi and appealed for urgent humanitarian support in the region. Meanwhile, Uganda and South Sudan have announced their decision to send troops to DRC. (“Ex-Kenyan leader urges more regional troops to DR Congo,” BBC, 10 February 2023)

President declares state of disaster to manage power crisis

On 9 February, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national state of disaster to address the power crisis. Ramaphosa said this would help the government support food production, storage and retail supply chain, and roll out solar panels for unhindered power supply. Ramaphosa said a Minister of Electricity will be appointed to the presidency “work with the Eskom board and management on ending load shedding and ensuring that the Energy Action Plan is implemented without delay.” (Hassan Isilow, “South Africa’s president declares state of disaster over power crisis,” Anadolu Agency, 10 February 2023)

Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso to seek re-entry to ECOWAS and AU

On 9 February, Mali, Guinea and Burkina Faso sought re-entry to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union (AU). The three countries were suspended after they were taken over by their militaries. Following a meeting between the respective foreign ministers, a joint statement read that they “agreed to pool their efforts and undertake joint initiatives for the lifting of the suspension measures and other restrictions” by the AU and ECOWAS. The ministers criticised the sanctions claiming that they impact their citizens, who are already suffering from insecurity and political instability. (“Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso seek re-entry to regional blocs,” Al Jazeera, 10 February 2023)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: UN warns famine after failed rainy season

On 9 February, the United Nations warned of a possible famine in Somalia by April. The warning comes amid the sixth consecutive failed rainy season in the country, which has left over seven million people affected.. The UN, the Somali government and humanitarian agencies said that the international response to the drought was insufficient. Besides, the dire humanitarian situation has forced more than 1.4 million people to flee their homes. The country’s special envoy to the UN for drought response said: “Somalis have zero contribution to climate change but we are facing this dire consequence.” (“Somalia famine warning as rains set to fail again,” BBC, 9 February 2023)

Eritrean president visits Kenya, dismisses right abuse allegation in Ethiopia

On 9 February, Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki dismissed the reports of Eritrean troops committing war crimes during the conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. He said that the claims were part of a disinformation campaign by detractors of the peace agreement signed between the Ethiopian government and Tigray authorities. He also declined to answer the questions regarding the complete withdrawal of Eritrean troops from Tigray. President Isaias was speaking in Kenya following his meeting with Kenyan President William Ruto. (“Eritrea leader dismisses army rights abuse allegations,” BBC, 9 February 2023)

Sudan: Russian foreign minister’s visit 

On 9 February, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Sudan, met with the military leaders and urged the country to resolve political challenges. The country has been in a continuing political crisis after the coup in October 2021. Lavrovs’ visit coincides with western diplomats meeting with the military leaders to receive assurances of the council’s commitment to the agreement for a civilian transition. Lavrov criticised the western efforts as “attempts to teach the Sudanese how to do things.” (“Russia urges Sudan to solve its political challenges,” BBC, 9 February 2023)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Russian Foreign Minister pledges military assistance during visit

On 8 February, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov during his visit to Mali pledged assistance to west African countries fighting Islamist insurgency. During the press conference with his Malian counterpart Abdoulaye Diop he said: “The fight against terrorism is, of course, an issue for the other countries in the region. We are going to provide our assistance to them to overcome these difficulties. This concerns Guinea, Burkina Faso and Chad and the Sahel region generally and even the coastal states on the Gulf of Guinea.” He added: “We always start from the basis that African problems must be resolved by African solutions.” Diop replied: “We are not going to continue to justify our choice of partners … Russia is here at Mali’s request, and Russia responds effectively to Mali’s needs by strengthening its defence capabilities.” (“Russia’s Lavrov vows aid for W Africa fight against armed groups,” Al Jazeera, 8 February 2023)

Somaliland: At least 50 people killed in clashes

On 8 February, the UN called for an investigation into the death of 50 people during clashes between regional government and local militias in the self-declared republic of Somaliland. The clashes occurred over the disputed city of Las Anod between Somaliland and Puntland. Reuters quoted a resident of the city: “Somaliland forces are carrying out heavy attacks on medical facilities and civilian homes. The deaths and injuries of civilians cannot be counted.” Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mahmoud called for calm and urged Somaliland authorities to negotiate with traditional leaders for peace. (“UN urges probe into deadly Somaliland clashes, BBC, 8 February 2023)

Tunisia: President sacks Foreign Minister

On 8 February, Tunisian President Kais Saied fired Foreign Minister Othman Jerandi without providing any reason. Jerandi became foreign minister for Saied’s government in September 2020. He is the fourth minister to be sacked from position this year, with the trade, agriculture and education ministers already being replaced. In 2021, President Saied initiated various measures enhancing the presidency powers. Later in 2022, opposition parties boycotted parliamentary elections accusing the autocratic government under Saied. Just about 11 per cent of Tunisians casted their vote for the second round elections which was held the previous month. (“Tunisian president fires his foreign minister,” BBC, 8 February 2023)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: 15 pilgrims killed in gunmen attack

On 7 February, at least 15 Nigerian Muslim pilgrims were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen. Following the incident, the Nigerian presidential spokesperson said: “The Nigerian foreign affairs ministry, through the Nigerian embassy in Burkina Faso, is engaging with the Burkinable authorities and awaits the outcome of their investigation of the unfortunate incident, and if necessary, to ensure that all culprits are appropriately sanctioned.” President Muhammadu Buhari shared condolences to the deceased and added that the government would make “every effort” to return the survivors back home as well as the bodies of those killed. (“Nigeria pilgrims killed in Burkina Faso bus attack,” BBC, 7 February 2023) 

Democratic Republic of the Congo: At least eight killed in protests against peacekeeping forces

On 7 February, hundreds of people protested against the UN and the East African Regional Force accusing them of failing to support the Congolese force’s operations against the M23 rebels. On 8 February, BBC reported that at least eight people were killed during violent clashes between the protesters and the peacekeeping forces. The military governor of the North Kivu province said that the peacekeepers fired in self-defence when the protesters attacked a convoy. (“Deadly protests against regional force in DR Congo,” BBC, 7 February 2023) 

Ethiopia: Tigray authorities says Eritrean troops still remain in the region

On 7 February, the authorities of Ethiopia's Tigray region said that despite the reports of withdrawal, Eritrean troops continue to remain as small units in the region. Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF) spokesperson Getachew Reda said: "Although there were occasions when they [Eritrean troops] withdrew in an organised manner, there are instances of in and out of small units, and this should be addressed fully." (“Eritrean troops still in northern Ethiopia - TPLF,” BBC, 7 February 2023)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Military government expels UN mission’s human rights chief

On 6 February, Mali’s military government expelled the UN peacekeeping mission’s human rights chief. The move comes after the government accused the human rights chief of commiting “subversive actions” in his selection of witnesses to testify at the UN Security Council briefings on Mali. Meanwhile, Mali’s foreign ministry said that Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will visit the country on 7 February which will be his second visit to Africa in two weeks. The Yerewolo movement, which promotes closer ties with Russia, welcomed Lavrov’s visit and called for the installation on a Russian military base in Gao region. (“Mali junta expels UN mission's human rights chief,” BBC, 6 February 2023)

DR Congo: HRW warns escalation of tensions between Tutsi-Hutu communities

On 6 February, the Human Rights Watch warned of the escalation of tensions between the Tutsi and Hutu ethnic communities in eastern DR Congo. The escalation of violence comes as a result of increased fighting involving the M23 rebels in the region. The M23 armed rebel group is accused of carrying out summary executions and forced recruitment of civilians and Rwanda is accused of backing the group. This comes alongside the death of a UN peacekeeper from South Africa in an attack on a helicopter. The UN responded to the attack saying: “Monusco strongly condemns this cowardly attack against an aircraft bearing the United Nations emblem.” (“Rwanda-backed rebels stirring ethnic divisions - HRW, BBC, 6 February 2023, “Peacekeeper killed in attack on UN helicopter in DR Congo,” BBC, 6 February 2023)

Ethiopia: Millions cast vote in referendum for new region

On 6 February, Ethiopia held a referendum to establish a new regional state. More than three million people are registered to vote for the referendum. This is the third such referendum held in a span of four years. If the referendum gets a yes vote, the new region is to be called Southern Ethiopia region. (“Millions vote in Ethiopia referendum for new region,” BBC, 6 February 2023)

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By Anu Maria Joseph

South Sudan: The Pope’s visit

On 3 February, Pope Francis arrived in Juba, South Sudan’s capital which will be his second African country to visit after the Democratic Republic Congo this week. The Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby and the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland Ian Greenshields have joined with the pope for the visit. Meanwhile, a Catholic archbishop raised concerns on the death of at least 21 people during an attack on a cattle camp in Kajo-Keji County on eve of Pope’s visit. (“Top clergy decry South Sudan killings on eve of Pope's visit,” BBC, 3 February 2023, “Pope Francis lands in South Sudan,” BBC, 3 February 2023)

Sudan: Israeli Foreign Minister’s visit, announcement of signing peace deal

On 3 February, Israel Foreign Minister Eli Cohen during his one-day visit to Sudan, announced that Israel and Sudan will sign a “historic peace agreement,” in a few months. Sudan agreed to revive ties with Israel two years before, however this has never been implemented. Subsequently, Sudan would become the latest Arab League country to normalise ties with Israel. Additionally, Sudan’s foreign ministry said that Cohen and Sudan’s military leader Abdal Fattah al Burhan “discussed means for establishing fruitful relations with Israel” and strengthen cooperation in “agricultural, energy, health, water, educational fields with special emphasis on security and military fields.” (“Israel says Sudan peace deal to be signed,” BBC, 8 January 2023)

Ethiopia: PM Abiy Ahmed meets Tigray authorities

On 3 February, BBC reported that Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed met with Tigrayan leaders for the first time since the peace deal was signed in November 2022. They discussed the progress of the implementation of the peace deal as well as the issues that need further attention. (“Abiy meets Tigray leaders for first time since peace deal,” BBC, 3 February 2022)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

Nigeria: At least eight killed by gunmen in central Nigeria

On 1 February, the Benue state police spokesperson said eight people, including a divisional police chief, had been killed by gunmen in Naka town in central Nigeria. The divisional police chief was leading an officers’ team against the armed group in a gunfight. The development took place after the police received a distress call when gunmen blocked the Markurdi-Naka road and forced travellers along the road to flee. (“Gunmen kill police chief, seven others in central Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 2 February 2023)

Ghana: Eight people allegedly killed by military; high command dismisses claims

On 1 February, BBC quoted eyewitnesses who said eight people, including a 12-year-old boy, had been killed after armed men in military shot at civilians in Bawku town in the north along the Burkina Faso border; the boy was reportedly burnt to death. The MP for Bawku Central accused the military of carrying out the attack and demanded an immediate investigation. However, the military high command had previously issued a statement warning people from wearing military uniforms. (Thomas Naadi, “Ghana military denies role in civilian deaths in the north,” BBC, 2 February 2023)

Morocco: Spanish PM visits Rabat marking new turn in relations

On 2 February, Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez arrived in Rabat and met Morocco's Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch amid thawing relations between the two countries. France24 quoted Sanchez: "We are going to avoid anything that may offend the other, especially with regard to our respective spheres of sovereignty." Sanchez's visit is the first high-level visit since 2015; Sanchez emphasised the "enormous unexplored potential" of Spain-Morocco relations and said the meeting indicates a consolidation of a new stage in bilateral ties. On the same day, at least 20 deals were signed on investments, energy and education. (“In Morocco, Spain PM reinforces ties after crisis,” France24, 2 February 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

Lukashenko concludes visit to Zimbabwe

On 1 February, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko concluded a three-day visit to Zimbabwe. Lukashenko told the media: “We are not using colonial style. We are not here to do that. We plan to expand our ties with Africa because the world cannot develop without Africa and the world belongs to Africa.” Lukashenko and Zimbabwean Emmerson Mnangagwa signed eight agreements; meanwhile, Lukashenk defended his visit at a time when Mnangagwa is seeking a readmission to the Commonwealth, terming Zimbabwe “a friend to all and an enemy to none.” (Lenin Ndebele, “We plan to expand our ties with Africa, says Belarus strongman Lukashenko,” News24, 1 February 2023)

UNODC report highlights alarming deaths from fake medicines

On 1 February, UN News reported on the latest Trafficking in Medical Products in the Sahel report released by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The report highlighted that in Sub-Saharan Africa, at least 267,000 deaths per year were caused by “falsified and substandard antimalarial medicines” and 169,271 deaths by “falsified and substandard antibiotics.” In West Africa, over 605 tonnes of medical products were seized between January 2017 and December 2021, and diverted from the legal supply chain. The report holds that several “pharmaceutical company employees, public officials, law enforcement officers, health agency workers and street vendors” are involved in trafficking. (“Fake medicines kill almost 500,000 sub-Saharan Africans a year: UNODC report,” UN News, 1 February 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

Mali: Rights experts urge independent probe into Wagner Group operations

On 31 January, independent rights experts appointed by the UN and the UN Working Group on Mercenaries called on Mali to begin an immediate probe into the mass killings in Moura village in 2022. The UN News quoted the experts: “We are particularly worried by credible reports that over the course of several days in late March 2022, Malian armed forces accompanied by military personnel believed to belong to the Wagner Group, executed several hundred people, who had been rounded up in Moura, a village in central Mali.” The experts said they had also received reports of the Wagner Group’s human rights and sexual abuses in the Central African Republic; they said they were apprehensive of the “increased outsourcing of traditional military functions” to the Wagner Group. (“Mali: Independent rights experts call for probe into Wagner Group’s alleged crimes,” UN News, 31 January 2023)

Eswatini: Political tensions on the rise, says SADC

On 31 January, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) said political tensions over the killing of Thulani Maseko on 21 January were increasing in Eswatini. The murder took place hours after King Mswati III warned activists against defying him and of “mercenaries killing them.” The Namibian President Hage Geingob, who is also the chair of SADC, said sporadic instances of violence indicate “an escalation of the tensions.” (“Tensions brewing in Eswatini after the killing of activist Thulani Maseko, SADC says,” News24, 31 January 2023)

Somalia: East African leaders meets to discuss operations against  al-Shabab

On 31 January, BBC reported that security chiefs from east Africa are meeting in Mogadishu to discuss joint military operations against the al-Shabab militant group. The meeting comes following the significant gains by Somali forces along with the US, African troops and local militia against the group. On 30 January, the Somali government said that it killed more than 130 al-Shabab militants including top commanders. The summit of the regional leaders are also expected to discuss the phased withdrawal of the African Union troops in Somalia since 2007. (“East African top brass to discuss al-Shabab plan,” BBC, 31 January 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

Libya: Gas deal with Italy faces opposition from Tripoli minister

On 30 January, BBC reported that several leaders in Libya had rejected a USD eight billion gas deal signed by Libya's National Oil Corporation (NOC) and Italy's state-run energy firm ENI. Libya's oil and gas minister said the deal to develop and explore two Libyan offshore gas fields "lacks equality between the Libyan and Italian sides." The minister termed the deal "illegal," claiming the NOC had bypassed the oil and gas ministry and had also raised the Italian side's shares to 37 per cent from 30 per cent. However, the NOC chairman maintained that the NOC "works according to the law, and whoever sees this procedure as illegal must go before the court." (“Libya's gas deal with Italy prompts backlash,” BBC, 30 January 2023)

Tunisia: Lowest voter turnout recorded for second round of parliamentary elections

On 30 January, the electoral board said only 11.4 per cent registered voters participated in the second round of parliamentary elections on 29 January. This was the lowest voter turnout since the fall of dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011. Of the 11.4 per cent turnout, 67.6 per cent votes were cast by men. (“Tunisia records low turnout in second vote for defanged parliament,” France24, 30 January 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Senior IS militant killed by US special forces

On 27 January, the US said that its special forces killed senior Islamic State militant Bilal al-Sudani in Somalia along with his ten associates; al-Sudani was a key figure in the funding and expansion of the group across Africa. The US Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin described the development as “a successful counterterrorism operation.” Prior to joining the IS, al-Sudani worked for al-Shabab, and later split from the group to form an IS-affiliated group. (“US raid in Somalia kills top Islamic State leader,” BBC, 27 January 2023)

Zimbabwe: 26 opposition party members released 

On 27 January, 26 Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) members were granted bail after they had been arrested for allegedly holding an unlawful gathering. The CCC is an opposition party; a CCC spokesperson said: “This confirms that the arrest was an abuse of process in the first place.” Previously, on 14 Jnaury, police used tear gas at a CCC gathering in Harare; prosecutors held that the members had not received permission for a meeting. (“Zimbabwe court grants bail to 26 opposition party members,” News24, 27 January 2023)

Madagascar: Tropical storm claims 16 lives

On 26 January, the Office for Risk and Disaster Management said at least 16 people had been killed and 17 were missing after tropical storm Cheneso made a landfall on 19 January. Of the casualties, three died in the storm and 13 in the heavy rains that followed. On 26 January, the European Commission's Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations said that so far, 60,000 people have been displaced and 13,000 homes damaged.  (“Tropical Storm Cheneso, ensuing rain kill 16 in Madagascar,” News24, 27 January 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

France recalls ambassador from burkina Faso

On 26 January, France announced the recalling of its ambassador to Burkina Faso, two days after Paris agreed to comply with Ouadougou’s request to withdraw all French forces from the country within a month. The French Foreign Ministry said it was recalling the ambassador “for consultations on the state and perspectives of our bilateral relations.” (“France recalls ambassador from Burkina Faso after agreeing to withdraw troops,” France24, 26 January 2023)

Despite improvement in governance, democratic backsliding a concern, says Mo Ibrahim index

On 25 January, the Mo Ibrahim Foundation released its Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) 2022 edition. The IIAG highlighted that amid “widespread democratic backsliding,” Africa’s progress on human and economic development had also slowed. The IIAG maintained that though Africa had witnessed a “marginal improvement” in good governance since 2012, the trend had become a “flatline” since 2019. Further, the IIAG said: “Governments have been increasingly prone to infringe on rights, curb freedom of expression and association, and impose restrictions on civic space.” Nevertheless, more than 90 per cent of Africans live in countries where  health, education, social protection and other criteria are better than 2012. (“Democracy ‘backsliding’ has slowed Africa’s development: study,” Al Jazeera, 26 January 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar

France to comply with Burkina Faso’s request to withdraw French troops 

On 25 January, France’s Foreign Ministry said Paris will respect Ouagdougou’s request for the withdrawal of French troops from Burkina Faso within a month. This comes after Burkina Faso, on 23 January, confirmed that it was terminating a 2018 agreement signed with France allowing the presence of French troops in the country. The French Foreign Ministry said: “In accordance with the terms of the agreement, the denunciation takes effect one month after receipt of the written notification. We will comply with the terms of this agreement by complying with this request.” (“France to respect Burkina Faso's request to withdraw troops within a month,” France24, 25 January 2023)

South Africa: Protests against load shedding and energy crisis held outside ANC headquarters

On 25 January, protesters in Johannesburg marched towards the African National Congress headquarters to demonstrate against an ongoing energy crisis and persistent power cuts. The protesters held placards reading: “Load shedding is killing jobs” and “Power to the people.” Currently, South Africa has been witnessing power cuts for at least 12 months, wherein the outages last almost 12 hours everyday. The protesters also criticised a recent approval to increase energy tariff to help Eskom, South Africa’s electricity supplier. (“Hundreds protest incessant power cuts in South Africa,” Al Jazeera, 25 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar

Malawi: Amid vaccine shortage, cholera deaths cross 1000

On 24 January, the Health Ministry said the death toll from cholera had crossed 1000 amid shortage of vaccines. The latest outbreak, believed to be the worst, began in March 2022; so far, 30,600 people have been infected. In November 2022, the UN handed over three million doses of oral cholera vaccine. A Health Ministry spokesperson said: “The fact that there is only one cholera vaccine manufacturer worldwide makes it difficult to acquire the life-saving drug…We are competing for the same vaccine with everyone else.” (“Malawi cholera death toll passes 1000,” News24, 24 January 2023)

Moroccan legislators vote to review ties with European Parliament

On 23 January, Moroccan parliamentarians voted to review relations with the European Parliament after the latter passed a resolution urging the Moroccan kingdom to uphold press freedom. The Moroccan parliamentarians, from both houses, held that the European Parliament was meddling in internal affairs. A statement from the parliamentary session termed the resolution “an unacceptable attack against the sovereignty, dignity and independence of judicial institutions in the kingdom.” The statement said the resolution had breached “fundamental trust” between them. (“Morocco votes to 'reconsider' ties with European Union,” France24, 24 January 2023)

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By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: Government asks French troops to exit within a month

On 23  January, a government spokesperson confirmed that the military government had asked the French troops present in Burkina Faso to leave within a month. The confirmation came after the state media reported on 22 January, that the government had terminated a 2018 agreement with France to fight armed groups in Burkina Faso. However, the spokesperson said: “This is not the end of diplomatic relations between Burkina Faso and France.” This termination is normal and is foreseen in the terms of the agreement.” (“Burkina Faso confirms it has ended French military accord,” Al Jazeera, 23 January 2023)

The US-Africa: Treasury secretary begins 10-day tour of Africa

On 20 January, United States Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen commenced a 10-day visit to Africa in Senegal, to highlight US commitment to enhancing ties with Africa. Voice of America quoted Yellen: "The United States is all in on Africa, and all in with Africa. And our engagement is not transactional. It’s not for show. And it’s not for the short term.” Yellen met President Senegal Macky Sall wherein she emphasised "the need for enhanced energy access and sustainable infrastructure investment to boost economic growth and prosperity." In a meeting with the Minister of Finance and Budget Mamadou Moustapha Bâ and discussed "how to build a more resilient global economy in the face of overlapping shocks." (Annika Hammerschlag, “US Treasury Secretary Yellen Kicks Off Africa Tour in Senegal,” Voice of America, 21 January 2023)

Eswatini: Murder of activist sparks outrage

On 23 January, BBC reported that human rights activists and opposition groups were expressing their anger on social media over the killing of Thulani Maseko on 22 January. Maseko was shot dead in his living room by unidentified gunmen. The Secretary General of Amnesty International, and the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Association condemned the murder. Meanwhile, a government spokesperson rejected the “insinuation” that the government was involved in the killing. The BBC referred to a South African broadcast that quoted the spokesperson: “That is a far-fetched reality and statement. The government takes every life very seriously including the life of Thulani Maseko... This insinuation is rejected as it is being projected by those who are actually jumping all investigative mechanism that we have put in place." (“Fury after Eswatini activist is gunned down at home,” BBC, 23 January 2023)

Russian Foreign Minister arrives in South Africa

On 23 January, Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, during a visit to Pretoria, said Moscow had shared all information on a proposed military drill between Russia, China and South Africa. Lavrov met South Africa’ Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor; amid the US criticism of the military drill , Pandor termed it “a natural course of relations.” The leader of South Africa’s main opposition party Democratic Alliance (DA) said Russia has expanded into Africa through “elite capture” wherein leaders are trapped in “long-term patronage schemes.” (“Russia’s Lavrov defends naval drills with S Africa during visit,” Al Jazeera, 23 January 2023)

Somalia: Deady siege of government building ends

On 22 January, commandos ended a five-hour siege of a municipal government building by al-Shabab militants in Mogadishu. The Information Ministry said six militants were shot dead and all government staff were rescued from the building. Meanwhile, an al Shabaab spokesperson said the attack claimed the lives of “34 apostates.” According to a state-run news agency, the government termed the attack “senseless” and said the violence shows why “it is necessary to completely eliminate” the group. On the same day, the US military said that nearly 30 al-Shabab militants were killed in a US air strike that assists the Somali forces. The US Africa Command said that the airstrike came as the militants attacked an army base killing seven soldiers the previous week. It stated: "US Africa Command's forces will continue training, advising and equipping partner forces to help give them the tools they need to defeat al-Shabab, the largest and most deadly al-Qaeda network in the world." (Abdi Dahir, “Somali forces end deadly siege by al-Shabab militants,” BBC, 23 January 2023; “Al-Shabab: US air strike in Somalia 'kills 30 militants',” BBC, 22 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar

Burkina Faso: Abducted women freed by military

On 20 January, the state television reported that soldiers had rescued 62 women and four infants abducted outside a village near Arbinda town between 12 and 13 January. The news report quoted security sources who said the abducted women and children were found 200 kilometres away in the Tougouri region. (“Military frees abducted women and children in Burkina Faso,” France24, 20 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: SANDF announces military drills with China and Russia

On 19 January, South Africa’s military announced that it will hold joint military drills with China and Russia next month. South African National Defence Force (SANDF) said that the 10 days drill aims to share operational skills and knowledge. This will be the second similar military drill, while the first was in November 2019. The SANDF said: “This years’ exercise will see over 350 SANDF personnel from various arms of services and divisions participating.” (“South Africa to hold military drills with Russia, China,” BBC, 19 January 2023)

Sierra Leone: President signs Gender Equality Act into law

On 19 January, Sierra Leone passed the Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Act that ensures 30 per cent of the workforce in public and private jobs are women. President Julius Maada Bio signed the bill into a law and said: "For so long we haven't been fair to you." Under this law, women will be entitled to at least 14 weeks of maternity leave instead of the previous 12 weeks, and equal pay, training and treatment. Any employer found violating the law could attract a fine amounting to USD 2,500 and a breach of the credit fairness rules by financial institutions could attract prison sentences of at least three years. (“Sierra Leone passes landmark law on women's rights,” BBC, 20 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 has not withdrawn, says President

On 17 January, President Felix Tshisekedi said that despite international pressure, the M23 rebel group had not completely withdrawn from territories it captured in the east. Al Jazeera quoted Tshisekedi’s remarks on M23 at the World Economic Forum: “They pretend to move, they act like they are moving, but they’re not. They’re simply moving around, redeploying elsewhere, and they stay in the towns that they have captured.” Meanwhile, an M23 spokesperson accused the government of supplying arms to other groups and said: “President Tshisekedi has only this to say. It is the government that does not respect the ceasefire…” (“DRC president says M23 rebels yet to withdraw as agreed,” Al Jazeera, 18 January 2023)

Former French president criticises Wagner Group's presence in Mali

On 18 January, France24 and RFI interviewed former French President François Hollande, marking ten years of the beginning of France’s military operations in Mali  through Operation Serval. Hollande expressed his disappointment that the Wagner Group had convinced the Malian people that it would protect them better than the French. Terming the Wagner Group “neo-colonialists” Holldande said that since the Group’s arrival in Mali, the security situation worsened. Similar to France’s withdrawal from Mali in 2022, the French forces had also withdrawn from the Central African Republic in 2016 and the CAR President reportedly requested the Group to intervene. Hollande defended France’s withdrawal and asked: “Would the presence of France have dissuaded him? I'm not sure.” (“France's ex-president Hollande: Wagner Group operating as ‘neo-colonialists’ in Mali,” France24, 18 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: At least 26 people killed in al Shabab attack

On 17 January, Somali authorities said that at least 26 people were killed and many were injured following an attack at a military base in Hawadley town in Shabelle region. The Al Shabab militant group has claimed the attack. Five government soldiers and 21 al Shabab militants were among the dead. This comes days after the Somali army captured a strategic port of Haradhere, which was held by al Shabab for 15 years. (Emmanuel Igunza, “Five soldiers among 26 killed in Somalia attack,” BBC, 17 January 2023)

Equatorial Guinea: Dissident dies in prison while serving 60-year sentence

On 16 January, dissident Julio Obama Mefuman’s group, the Movement for the Liberation of the Third Equatorial Guinea (MLGE3R) said he had died in prison while he was serving a 60-year jail sentence. The MLGE3R accused the government of torture. The Spanish Foreign Ministry confirmed Mefuman’s death as he was also a citizen of Spain. Meanwhile, the head of Equatorial Guinea’s only authorised opposition party, the Convergence for Social Democracy, suggested that an international inquiry be held “to clarify what happened and ensure that all prisoners have the right to family visits.” (“Equatorial Guinea dissident Obama Mefuman dies in prison,” Al Jazeera, 17 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: At least 10 killed in bomb blast in Kasindi

On 15 January, an army spokesperson said 10 people had been killed and 39 injured in a bomb blast in a Protestant church in Kasindi city along the Ugandan border. The spokesperson suspected that the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), affiliated to the Islamic State,  carried out the attack. Following this, the IS claimed responsibility on the same day. Meanwhile, Congolese and Ugandan forces continue their joint operations that were launched in November 2021, against the ADF. (“Several killed in DR Congo church bomb attack,” Al Jazeera, 15 January 2023)

Burkina Faso: Search launched to find over 50 abducted women

On 16 January, the Sahel regional governor said a search operation had been launched to trace over 50 women who had been abducted in the Soum province in the north between 12 and 13 January. Unidentified armed men abducted the women who were picking fruits outside a village, 15 kilometres from Arbinda town. Meanwhile, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for “the immediate and unconditional release” and urged “the national authorities to promptly conduct an effective, impartial and independent investigation to identify those responsible and hold them to account.” (“Burkina Faso: 50 women abducted by suspected rebels,” Al Jazeera, 16 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Amhara forces withdraw from Tigray; Tigrayan forces begin disarmament

On 12 January, the Ethiopian National Defence Force said the Amhara regional special force had withdrawn from Tigray, as per the ceasefire signed in November 2022. Further, as per the ceasefire, the Tigrayan forces also began handing over their weapons on 11 January. The developments come after Eritrean forces reportedly started withdrawing from Tigray in December 2022. (“Amhara forces withdraw from northern Ethiopia’s Tigray region,” Al Jazeera, 13 January 2023)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 asks EAC to ensure all armed groups surrender arms

On 12 January, the M23 rebels, following a meeting with mediator Uhuru Kenyatta, asked the East African Community (EAC) to guarantee that all armed groups would give up their arms. Following the meeting, the EAC released a statement: “The leaders of the M23 urged (former) president Kenyatta to assist in assuring there's safety in the DRC and that citizens' rights are upheld and recognised.” Apart from laying down arms, the M23 also called on the EAC to “cease any fighting or attack on the M23, and seek resolution of the conflict through peaceful means.” (Lenin Ndebele, “M23 rebels ask regional body to guarantee that all armed groups in eastern DRC will lay down arms,” News24, 13 January 2023)

Benin: Pro-government parties secure majority

On 12 January, the constitutional court said parties supporting the current government under President Patrice Talon had secured a majority in the parliament by winning 81 of the 109 seats, with a 37.79 per cent voter turnout. This comes after the opposition was allowed to run for the elections four years after they were disallowed in 2016. The constitutional court said the opposition secured 28 seats. Prior to the results, the opposition party leader claimed the elections were rigged with “flagrant” ballot box stuffing, rigging and vote buying by the two pro-government parties.: (“Benin’s ruling coalition won election, constitutional court says,” France24, 13 January2023)

Ethiopia: France and Germany call for war crime justice

On 13 January, French and German foreign ministers during their meeting with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Addis Ababa said that there can be no reconciliation in Ethiopia without justice.They discussed the progress of the peace agreement which was signed early November and called for the establishment of a transitional justice mechanism for the atrocities committed during the conflict. Meanwhile, Ethiopian Foreign Minister Demeke Mekonnen said that the government will ensure the justice to be served. On the same day, Ethiopian Defence Force said that Amhara Allied Forces have started withdrawing its troops from major towns in Tigray. (“France, Germany push for Ethiopia war crimes justice,” “Ethiopia says regional forces withdrawn from Tigray,” BBC, 13 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Djibouti signs deal with China for rocket-launch site

On 12 January, Djibouti signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese space firm to build a USD one billion rocket-launch site. According to the deal, a Chinese satellite manufacturing company Hong Kong Aerospace Technology Group will be managing the site for next 30 years and then will be passed to Djibouti.  The managing director of the consultancy firm space in Africa told the BBC that it might be “politically difficult” to attract companies based in other countries which have strained relations with China. (“Africa’s first rocket-launch site deal hailed,” BBC, 12 January 2023)

DR Congo: Army denies presence of Russian mercenaries

On 12 January, the Democratic Republic of Congo’s army denied the presence of Russian mercenaries in the country after an M23 rebel spokesperson said that there was evidence of the presence of the Wagner Group. In reply an army spokesperson said: “The Wagner group is not operating in DR Congo. I know it's fashionable now (but) no, we don't need to use mercenaries.” (“DR Congo army denies presence of Russian mercenaries,” BBC, 12 Janu ary 2023)

Mali: At least 14 soldiers killed in militant attack

On 12 January, the Malian army said that at least 14 of its soldiers were killed in two separate attacks by Islamist militants. It said that the vehicles the soldiers travelled were hit by roadside bombs. It added that troops were reinforced following the attack and killed more than 30 militants. (“Mali army says 14 soldiers killed in attacks,” BBC, 12 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: TPLF hands over heavy weapons

On 11 January, a Tigray People’s Liberation Front spokesperson said that they have handed over their heavy weapons in line with the ceasefire agreement signed in November. He added that the African Union monitoring and verification team has confirmed the reports. The move comes following the reports of Eritrean troops' withdrawal from major towns in Tigray. The African Union described the decision as “a step in the right direction” to end the conflict. (“Ethiopian Tigray rebels hand over heavy weapons, BBC, 11 January 2023)

South Sudan: The UN condemns the death of aid workers

On 11 January, the United Nations condemned the reports of the death of three aid workers in two attacks in South Sudan. The acting UN Humanitarian Coordinator in South Sudan said that the killings are “completely unacceptable and must stop.” Two among the aid workers in Abyei village were killed in an attack by gunmen while on duty. South SUdan is regarded as one of the dangerous countries for aid workers. According to Ocha, in 2022 alone, nine aid workers were killed. Since 2013, nearly 141 aid workers have been killed. (“UN condemns killing of South Sudan aid workers, BBC, 11 January 2023)

Somalia: Puntland semi-autonomous state dissociates itself from Mogadishu

On 9 January, Somalia’s semi-autonomous state of Puntland announced that it is “now acting as an independent government.” The announcement comes amid tensions between President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud and Puntland’s President Said Abdullahi Deni, who was defeated during the previous presidential elections. The announcement emphasised on its commitment to Somalia, signing a three page justification as the “Puntland Government of Somalia,” and “its efforts over the past 18 years to “lay foundation for building the federal system.” (“Somalia: Puntland state dissociates itself from Mogadishu,” Africanews, 11 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Sub-Saharan Africa: Region accounts for 56 per cent of under-five deaths, says UN report

On 10 January, Africanews reported that a latest report by United Nations Inter Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation says that nearly five million children under the age five died in 2021 alongside 2.1 million aged between five and 24. The report also says at least 1.9 million  stillborn births are estimated during the same period. Besides, sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 56 per cent of all under-five deaths. The report adds that nearly 59 million children and youth will die by 2030 and nearly 16 million will be lost to stillbirth if proper action is not taken to improve the health services. (“UN Reports child death every 4.4 seconds in 2021,” Africanews, 10 January 2023)

Rwanda: Will not send back refugees to DRC, government clarifies

On 10 January, a government spokesperson said Rwanda does not intend to expel refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The spokesperson said the media had misrepresented President Paul Kagame’s stance on the refugees from DRC and said Kagame only highlighted “the blatant hypocrisy in criticising Rwanda which simultaneously gets the blame for state failure in the DRC [DR Congo], and is then expected to accommodate those who seek refuge from the consequences of that failure.” The development comes a day after Kagame told the Senate on 9 January that Rwanda cannot continue accommodating refugees for which Kigali is later “held accountable in some way, or even insulted and abused about.” (“Rwanda says it will not accept DR Congo refugees any more,” Al Jazeera, 10 January 2023)

Nigeria: Six rescued after kidnappers abduct over 30 from train station

On 10 January, security forces rescued six people after 32 people were abducted from a train station in Edo state on 7 January. The rescued include women and children. The federal government termed the incident “despicable and utterly barbaric.” (“Six rescued after Nigeria train station kidnapping,” BBC, 10 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: UN launches second phase of negotiations

On 9 January, BBC reported that the UN mission in Sudan launched a second phase of negotiations between military and civilian groups on 8 January. The United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) said the four-day conference will discuss five major issues in the political framework of the agreement. Civilian and military leaders, civil society groups, academics, private sector representatives and religious leaders are attending the conference. (“UN launches second phase of Sudan political talks,” BBC, 9 January 2023)

Nigeria: Nearly 32 people abducted by gunmen from train station

On 9 January, the governor’s office said that at least 32 people were abducted by gunmen from a train station in Nigeria’s southern Edo state. Eyewitnesses said that the gunmen shot sporadically into the air and seized the hostages taking them to a nearby forest. A state spokesperson said that the train station has been closed as security forces and local hunters search for the witnesses. (“Gunmen abduct 32 people from Nigeria train station,” BBC, 9 January 2023)

Chinese Foreign Minister announces weeklong visit to Africa

On 9 January, the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that its new Foreign Minister Qin Gang will begin his term with a weeklong trip to five African countries. The Chinese spokesperson said that he will visit Ethiopia, Gabon, Angola, Benin and Egypt. The spokesperson said: “It shows that China attaches great importance to the traditional friendship with Africa and the development of China-Africa relations.” (“China's new foreign minister heads to Africa for first trip,” Africanews, 9 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Eritrean people smuggler arrested in Sudan

On 6 January, Interpol said that Kidane Zekarais Habtemariam, a notorious people smuggler accused of atrocities against migrants, was arrested in Sudan. It said the Eritrean national was the head of the organisation which kidnapped, extorted and murdered East African migrants. He escaped from custody in Ethiopia while on trial for allegations of people smuggling in 2020, leading to his conviction in absentia and life in prison sentence. According to Interpol, it dealt a serious blow to a major smuggling route into Europe. It said that it showed what can be accomplished when nations collaborate. (“Sudan arrests wanted Eritrean human smuggler, BBC, 6 January 2023)

Mozambique: Tropical storm warning in southern region

On 6 January, the Mozambique government issued a warning on a possible tropical storm in the southern coastal province of Gaza. The National Institute of Meteorology has asked the residents to take precautionary measures ahead of the storm. Southern Africa has been witnessing frequent and intense weather events which the UN describes as a climate crisis in Africa. Leaonardo Duma from the institute said: "If you have a house that is not in good condition, try to fix it well in order to be able to resist these strong winds that we are predicting." (“Tropical storm warning issued for southern Mozambique,” BBC, 6 January 2022)

DR Congo: Rebels surrender key military base

On 6 January, BBC reported that the M23 rebels had handed over its military base in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to an Eastern African regional force. Rumangabo camp which was seized by the group in October was handed over following a ceasefire brokered by East African leaders. (“DR Congo rebels surrender key military base,” BBC, 6 January 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Mali: ECOWAS clears threat of sanctions over detention of Ivorian soldiers  

On 4 January, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) said Mali will not be placed under sanctions for detaining 46 Ivorian soldiers and instead will look to Togo for mediation between the two countries. This comes after the ECOWAS had given Mali a deadline of 1 January to release the soldiers who were detained on 10 July 2022 after they arrived in Bamako to join a UN mission; however, Mali termed them “mercenaries.” Later, the soldiers were sentenced to 20 years in prison. On 4 January, Togo’s president conducted a “friendly working visit” to Bamako and the current ECOWAS head, who is also the Guinea-Bissau president said: “We have given time for Togolese mediators to do their job, in order to resolve the situation. It’s just a matter of common sense.” (“Mali escapes sanctions over detention of 46 Ivorian soldiers,” Al Jazeera, 5 January 2022)

Burkina Faso: France supports envoy despite Burkinabe request to recall him

On 5 January, French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said France will back its envoy to Burkina Faso amid the Burkinabe government's request to recall the envoy. The development comes amid France’s strained relations with West African countries. Colonna said: “There was a coup (in Mali) and there is an organised and methodical anti-French discourse going on. Potentially, yes, one can imagine a link in this anti-French campaign and Wagner.” (John Irish and Tassilo Hummel, “France backs its Burkina envoy despite pressure to withdraw him -minister,” Reuters, 5 January 2023)

Chad: Several arrested for destabilisation plot

On 4 January, the government said it had foiled an “attempted destabilisation” by 11 officers led by the  president of the Chadian Organisation of Human Rights, Baradine Berdei Targuio. The government said the accused were arrested after 8 December. The communications minister said an investigation has been launched. Previously, Targuio was sentenced to three years in jail in February 2021, for writing that former and then President Idriss Deby was seriously unwell. (“Chad says it foiled 'destabilisation' bid by officers,” France24, 5 January 2022)

Mauritania: Former president barred from leaving country

On 5 January, former president Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz was prevented from travelling abroad and police officers seized his passport. Abdelaziz said that he was prevented from travelling by “the political police” though he was not under any “judicial supervision.” He accused the government of “targeting” and “mistreating” him. Abdelaziz and a few other officials from his government are under investigation for corruption and mismanagement. (Ahmed Rouaba, “Former Mauritania president banned from travel,” BBC, 5 January 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

US calls on M23 to withdraw from captured territories in DRC

On 4 January, the US Department of State’s spokesperson Ned Price referred to the UN experts’ report claiming evidence of Rwanda’s support to the M23 and said that the US expects the rebel group to withdraw from the locations highlighted in the Luanda Agreement signed on 23 November. Price’s statement said: “Noting the report’s clear evidence of Rwandan support to M23 and credible reports of grave human rights abuses by M23, we reiterate our call for Rwanda to cease all support to M23 and withdraw its troops from eastern DRC.” Price also condemned “ the collaboration between elements of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC) and armed groups, including FDLR…” that was mentioned in the UN report. (“Statement on Report by UN Group of Experts,” US Department of State, 4 January 2023)

Somalia: Car bombs claim 35 lives

On 4 January, at least 35 people, including women and children, were killed and 40 injured in central Somalia’s Mahas town after al Shabaab detonated two car bombs. Mahas District Commissioner Mumin Mohamed Halane informed the state radio that one bomb targeted his residence and the other targeted a federal lawmaker’s home. Meanwhile, al Shabaab claimed that 87 people had died in the attack against “apostate militias and soldiers.” (Abdi Sheikh, “Car bombs kill 35, burn houses in central Somalia - police,” Reuters, 4 January 2023)

Mali: Five killed in attack near Bamako

On 3 January, the security ministry said five people had been killed in an attack on a civil defence post near Bamako, by unidentified assailants. The ministry said the casualties included two civil defence force members and three civilians. (“Five killed in attack near Malian capital,” Reuters, 4 January 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Army says “liberated several localities” from OLA rebels

On 3 January, the Ethiopian army said that it had “liberated several localities” from Oromo Liberation  Army (OLA) rebels. A senior army official said: “the security forces have launched a coordinated operation to stop the subversion by the Shene and ensure stability in the region.” The OLA was declared as a terrorist group in Ethiopia along with TPLF, which claims to fight for the rights of ethnic Oromo people. (“Raid against Oromo rebels successful - Ethiopia army,” BBC, 3 January 2023)

Burkina Faso: 28 bodies found in northwestern town

On 3 January, the government said bodies of 28 people who had been shot dead on 30 and 31 December had been discovered in a Nouna town in the northwest; an investigation has been launched into the same. The government statement said the killings took place as the government had launched the Homeland Defence Volunteers (VDP) to mobilise civilians in the fight against Islamist insurgency. A BBC news report referred to the Collective Against Impunity and Stigmatisation of Communities (CISC) which said the victims were killed by armed civilians pretending to be from the VDP. (“Burkina Faso violence: Bodies of 28 people found in Nouna,” BBC, 3 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Malawi: Schools suspended amid cholera outbreak

On 2 January, BBC reported that a cholera outbreak in Malawi has forced the authorities to suspend the reopening of schools. The outbreak which began in March has killed nearly 595 people. Cases have been reported in all 28 districts in the country. Health authorities say that the beginning of the rainy season would make the situation worse. Though outbreak of the disease is common every year during the rainy season in the country, casualties are triple compared to previous years. (“Malawi suspends school opening over deadly cholera outbreak,” BBC, 2 January 2023)

Senegal: MPs jailed for attacking pregnant colleague

On 2 January, two opposition MPs in Senegal were sentenced to six months in jail for kicking a pregnant colleague in the stomach. She was attacked when she criticised an opposition religious figure during a budget debate. They were also ordered to pay five million CFA francs in compensation. Incident was widely condemned and sparked debate on women's rights. (“Senegal MPs jailed for kicking pregnant colleague Amy Ndiaye,” BBC, 2 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: Eritrean troops withdrawing from Tigray

On 30 December, an Ethiopian official told Reuters agency that Eritrean forces, who fought alongside Ethiopian federal forces against Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) in Tigray region, are pulling out of Two big towns towards the border. Meanwhile, Eritrean Information Minister Yemane Gebremeskel said that he could neither confirm nor deny the information. TPLF hasn't commented on the reports. The reports of the withdrawal comes after a TPLF official’s comment that the ceasefire will not be complete till Eritrean forces remain on the ground. (“Ethiopia says Eritrean troops withdrawing from Tigray,” Al Jazeera, 30 December 2022)

Rwanda: EU urges Kigali to stop supporting M23 rebel group

On 30 December 2022, High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell called on Rwanda to halt support to the M23 rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s eastern region. Borrell said the EU wants Rwanda to “stop supporting the M23 and use all means to press the M23 to comply with the decisions taken by the EAC [East African Community]” in November. The EU also requested DRC’s neighbouring countries to “to prevent the provision of any support to armed groups active in the DRC.” (“EU calls on Rwanda to stop supporting M23 rebels in DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 30 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Sudan: Transitional council’s deputy head leads mission to South Darfur

On 29 December, Deputy Head of the Sudan Transitional Military Council General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo led a mission to South Darfur to monitor the security situation in Nyala city after violence claimed 10 lives and left 25 people injured. The UN said 16,200 people were displaced after several villages were burned. The government in Nyala accused nomads of sparking the violence. Meanwhile, in an unrelated incident, at least eight people were killed and 11 injured in clashes in Central Darfur on 28 and 29 December. (“Sudanese general leads mission to South Darfur after violent clashes,” Reuters, 29 December 2022)

South Africa: Death toll from tanker explosion climbs to 27 

On 29 December, the Gauteng Department of Health said the death toll from the gas tanker explosion reached 27, including 10 health workers of the Tambo Memorial Hospital. The explosion took place on 24 December when the gas tanker was stuck under a bridge; the explosion destroyed property, including the roof of the hospital’s emergency ward. On 28 December, the truck driver who was arrested for alleged culpable homicide was released due to lack of evidence. (“South Africa tanker explosion death toll jumps to 27,” Reuters, 29 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Ivory Coast: 11 sentenced to life in prison for Grand-Bassam attack in 2016

On 27 December, eleven people were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for an Islamist attack wherein 19 people were killed at the Grand-Bassam beach area in 2016; the attack was carried out by al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Of the 19 victims, 11 were Ivorians, four were French, and the rest were German, Lebanese, Macedonian and Nigerian.  The trial of the 18 defendants began in November and seven of them have been found guilty and the court awarded the families of the victims different compensations up to USD 81,000. Meanwhile, the suspected mastermind of the attack, Kounta Dallah, has not been found. (“Eleven sentenced to life in prison for 2016 Ivory Coast beach attack,” France24, 28 December 2022)

Tunisia: UGTT approves transport workers strike

On 25 December, the UGTT approved a land, air and sea transport workers’ strike to be held on 25 and 26 January against “the government's marginalisation of public companies." The two-day strike is aimed to pressure President Kais Saied after he took over executive powers in 2021. (“Tunisian union approves two-day strike by transport workers,” Reuters, 28 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: Ethiopian Airlines resumes services to Tigray

On 27 December, Ethiopian Airlines said that it will resume flights to Tigray after 18 months. The announcement comes after an Ethiopian federal delegation visited Mekelle to discuss the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in November. Ethiopian Airlines CEO Mesfin Tasew, who was among the delegation said: “The resumption of these flights will enable families to reunite, facilitate the restoration of commercial activities, stimulate tourist flow and bring many more opportunities which will serve the society.” (“Ethiopian Airlines to resume flights into Tigray region,” Al Jazeera, 27 December 2022)

DR Congo: Soldiers and civilians sentenced to death for killing Chinese nationals

On 27 December, Africanews reported that judicial sources of Democratic Republic of Congo said that eight soldiers and a civilian were sentenced to death by a military court in Ituri province. The prosecution argued that two colonels organised and planned an attack on a Chinese convoy, with an aim to steal four gold bars and 5,600 euros. Giving a death penalty is common in DR Congo, however, most of the time they are commuted to life imprisonment. (“DR Congo sentences soldiers to death for killing two Chinese nationals,” Africanews, 27 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: Federal delegation on way to Tigray to monitor ceasefire agreement

On 26 December, the Ethiopian government communication service said that  a delegation of the government is on the way to the northern Tigray region to oversee the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in November. The government said that it will be the first high-level government delegation to visit Tigray after two years. It added: “This gesture is an attestation to the peace agreement getting on the right track and progressing.” (“Ethiopian federal government delegation heads to Tigray,” Al Jazeera, 26 December 2022)

Nigeria: At least 17 people killed in Boko Haram attack

On 24 December, a local militia group said that at least 17 herders were killed in Boko Haram attack in Mafa district. The militia leader said: “Seventeen herders were killed in the fight and all their cattle taken away. The herders put resistance but were outgunned and outnumbered by the attackers, who had better weapons.” Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) have been carrying out frequent attacks on herders, farmers and loggers, accusing them of spying on them for the military and the local anti-jihadist militia. (“Boko Haram kill 17 herders in northeastern Nigerian state of Borno,” Africanews, 26 December 2022)

Sudan: At least 12 people killed in ethnic violence

On 25 December, at least 12 people were killed in ethnic violence in western Darfur region. A spokesperson for the General Coordination for Refugees and Displaced in Darfur said that clashes broke out between herdsmen and farmers in the Beleil region also wounded nearly 42 people. Local authorities said that the clashes erupted when herdsmen attempted to loot a motor rickshaw in the village of Amouri. Later, a state of emergency was declared in the region to contain the violence. (“Ethnic violence in Sudan's Darfur region kills at least 12,” Africanews, 26 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Burkina Faso: Government orders UN official to leave country

On 23 December, Burkina Faso government ordered UN resident coordinator Barbara Manzi to leave immediately declaring “persona non grata.” Foreign Minister Olivia Rouamba said that recent statements by the UN warning the surging Islamist insurgency threat in the country had discredited Burkina Faso and limited potential investors. The insurgency has left nearly two million people displaced and prompted two military coups within a year. (“Burkina Faso tells UN country chief to leave,” BBC, 23 December 2022)

Rwanda-DRC: Evidence reported on Rwanda backing M23 rebels in DR Congo, says UN experts

On 23 December, in a leaked report by UN experts said that it has found evidence of Rwanda engaging in military operations in Democratic Republic of Congo as well as assisting M23 rebels. The report came following  DR Congo President Felix Tshisekedi asserting that Rwanda has been supporting the M23 rebels and the Rwandan government's repeated denial. The report says that M23 rebels has been pillaging, theft, extortion, torture, rape and killing with the support of Rwandan armed forces in eastern DR Congo. (“Rwanda backing M23 rebels in DR Congo - leaked UN report,” BBC, 23 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

The Gambia: Navy officer arrested for alleged role in coup attempt

On 22 December, BBC reported a government statement accusing navy officer Lance Corporal Sanna Fadera of attempting a coup on 21 December. The statement outlined that the loyalist troops were still looking for two suspected accomplices. In a related development, the police detained the main opposition party, the United Democratic Party’s (UDP) campaign manager for a TikTok video wherein he said President Adama Barrow would be overthrown before the 2023 local government elections. The UDP called for the immediate release of the party official claiming that the video was edited, and also condemned the coup attempt. (“Gambia navy officer behind failed coup bid - government,” BBC, 22 December 2022)

The Gambia: Committee calls for prosecution of Indian firm linked to death of children 

On 21 December, a parliamentary committee recommended prosecuting Maiden Pharmaceuticals, an Indian manufacturer of the cough syrups reportedly linked to the death of at least Gambian children. The committee held that the manufacturer should be held accountable for exporting the contaminated medicine and also ban all products from Maiden Pharmaceuticals. (“Maiden Pharmaceuticals: Gambia panel says India firm culpable for cough syrup deaths,” BBC, 21 December 2022)

Mali: Armed group coalition withdraws from 2015 agreement 

On 22 December, a coalition of armed groups, the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security and Development (CSP-PSD), announced its withdrawal from the 2015 agreement which was signed to restore peace in northern Mali where rebels wanted to breakaway region. The agreement was signed between the former civilian government and the rebels. However, the CSP-PSD believes that there is an “absence of political will of the transitional authorities to implement [the peace accord]” and said it would return to negotiations only if a neutral country mediates. The agreement aimed at the decentralisation of Mali, integration of former rebels into the armed forces, and boosting the economy in the north. (“Armed groups in northern Mali pull out of Algiers peace talks,” Al Jazeera, 22 December 2022)

Kenya: Police officer and civilian killed in al Shabaab attack

On 21 December, two police officers and a civilian were killed in an attack by the al Shabaab while the police truck was travelling to Garissa town which is 120km from the border with Somalia. The truck hit an explosive and the al Shabaab fired rocket propelled grenades and opened fire at the vehicle. The al Shabaab radio said that apart from the casualties several others were injured in the fight. (“Al-Shabab kills two policemen, one civilian in eastern Kenya,” Al Jazeera, 22 December 2022)

Horn of Africa: Drought places over 20 million children at the risk of hunger

On 21 December, UNICEF said 20.2 million children across Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia are at the risk of severe hunger, thirst and disease, indicating a doubling from the 10 million in July. Of this, two million children need immediate help to address severe acute malnutrition. The development comes as the region is suffering a deadly drought, which has resulted in water insecurity among 27 million people, displaced two million and has had 2.7 million children drop out of school. The situation is resulting in child labour, child marriages, female genital mutilation (FGM), gender-based violence and sexual abuse. (“Horn of Africa faces most severe drought in more than two generations – UNICEF,” UN News, 22 December 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: UN report reveals Rwandan involvement in the east

On 21 December, a group of independent UN experts said there was substantial evidence of Rwanda’s involvement in military operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s east. The experts’ report said the Rwandan army had directly intervened and also supported the rebels in the DRC’s east, by supplying weapons, ammunition and uniforms. The report said Rwanda reinforced M23 rebels “for specific operations, in particular when these were aimed at seizing strategic towns and areas.” (“Rwandan army conducted military operations in DR Congo, UN says,” France24, 22 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: UN eases arms embargo 

On 21 December, BBC reported that the UN had eased arms embargo on the Democratic Republic of the Congo to assist the army in fighting armed groups. With this, countries can conduct arms sales to the DRC government without notifying the UN Security Council. The DRC government said easing of the embargo was a move to correct the “injustice.” In a related development, the UN also extended its peacekeeping mandate in the country’s east by one year. (“UN eases DR Congo arms embargo,” BBC, 21 December 2022)

The Gambia: Four soldiers arrested for coup attempt

On 21 December, the government said that on 20 December, a coup attempt against President Adama Barrow had been foiled and four soldiers were arrested in connection with the same. The army was also searching for three other accomplices and no further details were revealed. (“Four soldiers arrested after alleged coup attempt in The Gambia,” Al Jazeera, 21 December 2022)

Burkina Faso: Minister denies allocating mine to Wagner Group

On 20 December, Minister of Mines Pierre Boussim said no mines had been allocated to the Russian private military company Wagner Group. The development comes after neighbouring Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo remarked at the UN-Africa Leaders Summit the previous week that Burkina Faso had hired the Wagner Group and allocated a mine as a payment for its services. On 16 December, while Burkina Faso did not dismiss or confirm the same, it expressed its disapproval over Akufo-Addo’s remarks by summoning the Ghanian ambassador. (“Burkina Faso denies paying Russia’s Wagner group with mine rights,” Al Jazeera, 21 December 2022)

Eswatini: Opposition, civil society look for options to abdicate King

On 21 December, News24 reported that civil society representatives and opposition parties had convened in South Africa to frame strategies to abdicate King Mswati III and establish democracy. The leaders adopted the eBundu Declaration to frame “resolutions on important political issues affecting our country, Swaziland.” The opposition calls the country Swaziland, instead of Eswatini claiming that changing the name to the latter was a dictatorial move. The leaders also referred to the mass riots earlier this year and said: “(We are) humbled and driven forward by the spirit of the ultimate sacrifice of the martyrs of our revolution, who have been senselessly and brutally slaughtered by the government of King Mswati III.” The declaration called for a boycott of the 2023 Tinkhundla elections; Tinkhundla is an electoral system providing governance, based on traditional, administrative subdivisions. (Lenin Ndebele, “Eswatini opposition parties, civil society meet in SA to plot strategy against King Mswati,” News24, 21 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Germany returns looted artefacts

On 20 December, Germany’s Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock handed 22 artefacts looted from Nigeria in the nineteenth century. The return of the Benin Bronzes is followed by a deal signed last year between the two countries agreeing to transfer more than 1,000 artefacts. Baerbock said that the return was part of efforts to deal with a “dark colonial history.” Nigeria’s Information Minister Lai Mohammed said: “Twenty years ago, even 10 years ago, nobody could have anticipated these bronzes returning to Nigeria,because the obstacles to achieving repatriation were seemingly insurmountable.” (“Benin Bronzes: Germany returns looted artefacts to Nigeria,” BBC, 20 December 2022)

Ethiopia: Commercial Bank of Ethiopia resumes all financial services in Tigray

On 20 December, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia said that it has resumed all the financial services in previously war-torn regions in Tigray. The announcement came after a ceasefire agreement was signed between the federal government and the Tigray rebels in early November. The bank stated: “Following the peace agreement reached recently, the (CBE) branches we have in Shire, Alamata and Korem cities have started receiving money sent from abroad and locally as well as depositing money.” Since the war began in 2020, all banking, communication and transport facilities had been restricted to Tigray. (“Ethiopia’s biggest bank ‘resumes services’ in Tigray, Al Jazeera, 20 December 2022)

Deportation of migrants to Rwanda is lawful, says UK High Court

On 19 December, the UK High Court ruled that the government's proposal to deport migrants to Rwanda is lawful and that it did not violate the UN Refugee Convention or other human rights laws. The UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman said the government had always been confident about the policy and would now focus on implementing it at the earliest. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak termed the ruling a “common sense position” that “the vast majority of the British public" desired. However, the Labour Party said the policy was “unworkable” and “unethical.” (“Rwanda migrant plan is lawful, High Court rules,” BBC, 20 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Security forces fired tear gas and stun grenades to disperse the protests

On 19 December, Sudanese security forces fired tear gas and stun grenades on pro-democracy protesters in the capital Khartoum. The demonstrators were marching towards the presidential palace demanding an end to the military rule. Previously, on 5 December, Sudan’s pro-democracy coalition Forces of Freedom and Change had signed a new deal with the military leaders agreeing for a two-year civilian-led transition towards election. However the protesters dismissed the agreement calling it too vague. Besides, the protesters claim that the deal doesn’t cover security reforms and that it would leave the military powerful and disrupt the democratic transition. (“Sudan police tear-gas pro-democracy protests,” BBC, 19 December 2022)

UK High Court rules Rwanda asylum plan lawful

On 19 December, the UK High Court ruled Rwanda asylum plan lawful and that it does not breach the UN’s Refugee Convention or human rights laws. Home Secretary Suella Braverman said that she is committed to the working of the plan. She said: “I am committed to making this partnership work - my focus remains on moving ahead with the policy as soon as possible and we stand ready to defend against any further legal challenge. However, Labour’s shadow home secretary Yvette Cooper called the policy “unworkable, extortionate and deeply damaging.” Meanwhile, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak welcomed the ruling, calling it a “common sense position” that “the vast majority of the British public” wanted. (“Rwanda migrant plan is lawful, High Court rules,” BBC, 19 December 2022)

South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa re-elected as ANC head

On 19 December, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa was re-elected as the leader of the governing African National Congress (ANC) party. He won against his rival Zweli Mkhize by 2,476 votes. He won the elections despite being challenged by money laundering allegations.  Previously, Ramaphosa had denied and legally challenged the report by a parliamentary commission of inquiry, which claimed to have evidence for Ramaphosa’s misconduct and possible violation of the constitution. Besides, his victory comes despite a popular distress on regular power outages in the country. (“ANC conference: South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa defies scandal to win party vote,” BBC, 19 December 2022)

DRC objects to COP15 agreement

On 19 December, Democratic Republic of the Congo objected to the agreement signed at the UN Biodiversity Summit, also known as COP15. Environment Minister Ève Bazaiba said the DRC would raise its objections with the UN Secretary-General and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The DRC is home to the second-largest tropical rainforest and is home to critical ecosystems. The Guardian quoted Bazaiba: "We don’t need people to tell us to conserve it. Those who are asking us to protect our rainforests, to help humanity, we are asking those responsible for pollution for compensation. If they refuse, we are going to manage our own biodiversity." (Patrick Greenfield and Phoebe Weston, "We didn’t accept it’: DRC minister laments forcing through of Cop15 deal," The Guardian, 19 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ghana criticises Burkina Faso’s engagement with Russian Wagnor group

On 16 December, Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo in a meeting with the US Secretary of State said that Burkina Faso invited the Russian mercenary Wagner group to fight jihadist insurgency in the country. He said the Russian group is on Ghana’s border and described the development as distressing. He added on the threat of dangerous proliferation of coups in West Africa and enemies of democracy working hard in the region. Later, the Burkinabe state information agency said that Burkina Faso has recalled its ambassador in Ghana for consultation to discuss the allegation. Meanwhile, UK Development Minister Andrew Mitchell who is visiting Ghana said that Russia’s presence in West Africa is “neither constructive nor helpful.” (“Ghana says Burkina Faso has invited Russian mercenaries,” BBC, 16 December 2022, “UK concerned about Russian mercenaries in West Africa,” BBC, 16 December 2022, “Burkina Faso recalls envoy in Ghana after Wagner claims,” BBC, 16 December 2022)

Mozambique: Parliament legalises local militias in jihadist fight

On 16 December, Mozambique’s parliament approved a new bill legalising local militias fighting the jihadist insurgency in the northern Cabo Delgado region. Defence Minister Cristovo Chume while presenting the bill said that the Mozambique army is not strong enough to fight the jihadist insurgency alone. He further added that there is an urgent need to engage local forces to strengthen the army “in combating and containing the spread of jihadist incursions.” (“Mozambique approves local militias in jihadist fight, BBC, 16 December 2022)

South Sudan: Hundreds fleeing to Sudan amid renewed fighting in Upper Nile

On 16 December, the state-owned Sudanese news agency reported that nearly 1,700 people have fled into Sudan after renewed violence  in South Sudan's northern Upper Nile. The UN said that at least 166 people have been killed in the violence. The Unicef previously said that the violence between armed groups in the region started in August, has caused civilian deaths, injuries, abductions and has forced thousands to flee their homes. The state news agency added that the clashes have spread to Jonglei and Unity states. (“Hundreds fleeing South Sudan violence reach Sudan,” BBC, 16 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Uganda: ICC upholds Ongwen’s sentence

On 14 December, the International Criminal Court upheld the conviction of a former child soldier Dominic Ongwen, who later became the commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army. In 2021, Ongwen was sentenced to 25 years in prison for rape, murder and child abduction. During the appeal against the conviction, Ongwen’s lawyers argued that he could not be held responsible for his acts because he was kidnapped as a nine-year-old and recruited as a child soldier. However, the judges maintained that Ongwen was acting independently at the time of the crimes. (“ICC upholds sentence of Uganda child soldier turned LRA commander,” Al Jazeera, 15 December 2022)

Central African Republic: Last French troops depart

On 15 December, the last French troops deployed - 47 personnel of a logistical unit - departed from the Central African Republic. France24 referred to an AFP news report quoting the commander of French forces in Gabon: “France decided that the conditions were no longer appropriate for us to continue working for the benefit of the Central African armed forces.” (“Last French troops leave Central African Republic amid closer Bangui-Moscow ties,” France24, 15 December 2022)

US assures support for AU membership at G20

On 15 December, US President Joe Biden extended support to the African Union’s bid to join the G20 and to have an African representative at the UN Security Council. Biden said: “Africa belongs at the table in every room – in every room where global challenges are being discussed, and in every institution where discussions are taking place.” Currently, only South Africa is a member of the G20 from Africa. Speaking at the second US-Africa Leaders Summit, Biden also announced that he would visit sub-Saharan Africa shortly. (“Biden calls for African Union to become permanent member of G20,” France24, 15 December 2022)

Zambia and Zimbabwe: Water level drop in Lake Kariba forces to ration power supply

On 15 December, BBC reported, Zambia began to ration its power supply following a large decrease in the water levels at Lake Kariba, a major source for its hydro-electric power plants. Meanwhile, Zimbabwe, which shares the lake with Zambia, had introduced an 18-hour power outage the previous week. Zimbabwe is now restricted to producing 300MW and Zambia 800 MW daily. Frequent droughts along with low rainfall and excessive use of water for power generation has caused the significant decrease of water levels in Lake Kariba. In Zambia, domestic consumers currently face a six hour outage per day and authorities say the power rationing is to avoid a complete shutdown. (“Zambia forced to ration power supply,” BBC, 15 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

South Sudan: UN expresses dismay at increased violence in Upper Nile

On 13 December, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk expressed shock at the attacks on civilians by armed groups in the Upper Nile state. Türk called on the government to ensure an impartial investigation into “These killings, along with reports of gender-based violence, abductions, destruction of property and looting.” The statement comes at least 166 people were killed and 237 were wounded in inter-community clashes in four months. Meanwhile, a UN Special Rapporteur outlined the prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence and trafficking. (“South Sudan: UN rights chief appeals for end to ‘senseless violence’ in Upper Nile state,” UN News, 14 December 2022)

Ghana: Inflations reaches 50.3 per cent

On 14 December, Reuters reported that the consumer inflation rate had reached 50.3 per cent in November, the highest in 21 years and an increase from the 40.4 per cent in the previous month. The development comes after Ghana signed a staff-level agreement for USD three billion with the IMF. On 13 December, the finance minister said the government had begun restructuring domestic debt and was looking to restructure external debt. (Cooper Inveen and Christian Akorlie, “Ghana inflation hits 21-year high above 50% in November,” Reuters, 14 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Floods claim over 120 lives in Kinshasa

On 14 December, BBC reported that over 120 people had been killed in the floods and landslides in capital city Kinshasa. Major roads, including the N1 highway connecting Kinshasa to the Matadi port, are submerged. On 13 December, Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde visited the affected areas and said the search for more bodies was continuing. Meanwhile, President Félix Tshisekedi who is in Washington for the US-African Union summit said the floods were something that the DRC had been deploring; outlining the impact of climate change, Tshisekedi said: “The DRC is under pressure but unfortunately it's not sufficiently heard or supported.” (“Worst floods in years kill 120 people in DR Congo,” BBC, 13 December 2022)

Ethiopia: Tigray praise flow of medical supplies

On 13 December, Tigray health authorities praised the flow of medical supplies to previously war-driven northern Ethiopia following the peace deal signed between the federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). The TPLF run Tigray TV report said: “The Tigray Health Bureau has said basic medicines and medical equipment are flowing into Tigray and being distributed to health institutions following the ceasefire agreement.” The head of Tigray’s health office, Dr Amanuel Haile said: “One good news is that the first cargo plane landed last Thursday (8 December) carrying vaccines for children. We are very happy Unicef gave us the medicines it received from the Ethiopian government.” (“Ethiopia rebels praise 'flow of medical aid into Tigray',” BBC, 13 December 2022)

Somalia: IPC warns of famine early next year

On 13 December, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) body assessment said that Somalia narrowly avoided a full scale famine this year.  It added that avoiding famine doesn’t mean avoiding misery, hunger, and deaths and that millions of people living in worse humanitarian conditions would triple in 2023. This means over 700,000 people will face dire hunger unless proper assistance is provided. It further added, if the condition continues, famine could be declared as early as April 2023. ("Somalia famine narrowly avoided this year - official report," BBC, 13 December 2022)

Ghana: IMF sign agreement for USD 3 billion bailout

On 13 December, the IMF signed an initial agreement with Ghana for a bailout programme of USD 3 billion. The programme termed as the Extended Credit Facility would run for three years, formed to help Ghana in restoring its economic stability and ensure debt sustainability. In October, the country's inflation rate reached a record high to over 40 per cent. However, Ghana’s currency, the cedi, rallied against the US dollar besides losing half of its value initially this year. (“Ghana set to get $3bn IMF bailout,” BBC, 13 December 2022) 

Rwanda: IMF approves USD 319 billion as climate payout

On 13 December, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved USD 319 billion for Rwanda through a new climate change programme, supporting the country's “ambitious agenda to build resilience to climate change and help to catalyse further financing.” Rwanda is the first African country to be funded by the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) - an IMF programme meant to support countries addressing climate change with long-term and low cost financing. (“Rwanda gets Africa's first IMF climate payout,” BBC, 13 December 2022)

Chad: 27 migrants found dead in desert

On 13 December, the International Organization for Migration said 27 migrants, including four children, had been found dead in a desert in Chad; the IOM said the migrants died of thirst after the truck they were travelling in from west-central Chad broke down. The IOM said that in the last eight years, 5,600 people have either died or gone missing while crossing the Sahara Desert to north African countries like Libya, which serve as a transit to Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. (“Bodies of 27 migrants found in Chad desert, says UN group,” ABC News, 13 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Sudan: Nearly 40,000 people displaced in Upper Nile, says UN

On 12 December, the UN’s Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha) said that nearly 40,000 people have been displaced following the renewed fighting in Upper Nile. It added that the increase in violence is further hampering humanitarian response in the region while thousands are living in dire conditions and in need of urgent humanitarian assistance. The fighting between the national army and the Maiwut opposition forces resumed in mid-november. (“Fresh fighting displaces 40,000 in South Sudan - UN,” BBC, 12 December 2022)

Ethiopia: Government to investigate the deaths of migrants in Zambia

On 12 December, the Ethiopian government said that it will begin an expert investigation on the reports on bodies of 27 Ethiopian nationals found dumped roadside in Zambia the previous week. The bodies found were of  men- all aged between 20 and 38 believed to have died suffocated while trying to reach South Africa. Previously, in October, bodies of 25 Ethiopians were found in neighbouring Malawi. (“Ethiopia to investigate death of migrants in Zambia,” BBC, 12 December 2022)

Nigeria: At least four people killed in gunmen attack on INEC

On 12 December, BBC reported, at least four people including a policeman were killed in an attack on Nigeria’s election office. The attack comes two months before the general election. It was the second attack on Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission in Imo state this week. Frequent attacks on INEC in the region have raised questions over the commission’s ability to conduct a successful election. (“Gunmen target Nigeria election office ahead of poll,” BBC, 12 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Eritrea: Kenyan President visits capital Asmara

On 9 December, Kenyan President William Ruto began his two-day official visit to Eritrea. The visit comes following Eritrea's foreign minister's visit to Kenya the previous week; Eritrea's ministry of information said following the visit that Ruto had "expressed the need for countries in the region to work jointly for realising peace and stability as well as political and economic developments." Ruto's unexpected visit to Eritrea seeks to strengthen relations between the two countries which were stranded in the past. Meanwhile, Eritrea faces international criticism for its human rights atrocities and involvement in Ethiopia's Tigray conflict. (“Kenya president flies to Eritrea in unannounced trip,” BBC, 9 December 2022)

Democratic Republic of Congo: EU sanctions individuals involved in the instability

On 9 December, the European Union imposed sanctions on a number of individuals who are involved in the ongoing fighting in Democratic Republic of Congo. An M23 rebel group spokesperson, a top leader of Ugandan ADF militia group and a Belgian-born businessman accused of exploiting the instability through illicit trade were the individuals who were sanctioned. M23 rebels have been blamed for causing instability in the country and carrying out human rights abuses including violence. The UN has accused the group of killing more than 130 civilians the previous week. (“EU sanctions eight people over DR Congo violence,” BBC, 9 December)

South Sudan: Ceasefire monitors to investigate violence in Upper Nile

On 9 December, ceasefire monitors of South Sudan who observe the implementation of the peace agreement said that they were sending officials to investigate the recent clashes in Upper Nile state. A renewed fighting between national army, opposition parties and ethnic rival groups in Maiwut and Fashoda regions increased insecurity in Upper Nile. According to the UN's humanitarian office, more than 9,100 people were forced to displace following the deadly violence. (“Ceasefire monitors to investigate South Sudan deadly clashes,” BBC, 9 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

DRC: At least 131 killed in North Kivu
On 8 December, a UN preliminary investigation revealed that at least 131 civilians had been massacred in North Kivu province on 29 and 30 November. The casualties included 102 men, 17 women and 12 children. The investigation said the massacre and the rape of at least 22 women and five girls were carried out in response to clashes between the M23 rebel group and other armed groups. Witnesses said the M23 also looted their homes and prevented them from escaping. (“M23 rebels killed at least 131 civilians in eastern DRC, UN says,” Al Jazeera, 8 December 2022)

Africa: Over 95 per cent malaria infections and deaths recorded in Africa in 2021
On 8 December, the World Health Organization (WHO) released the World Malaria Report 2022 outlining that the number of deaths from malaria in 2022 had risen by 63,000 against the pre-pandemic figure; in 2020 and 2021, 625,000 and 619,000 deaths were recorded respectively. Similarly, the number of infections also increased, at a slow pace, from 232 million cases in 2019 to 245 million in 2020 and 247 million in 2021. Africa accounted for over 95 per cent of the infections and deaths in 2021 and Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Niger and Tanzania recorded over half of global malaria casualties. (“COVID disruptions led to 63,000 more malaria deaths: WHO,” Al Jazeera, 8 December 2022)

South Sudan: Over 9,000 flee violence in Upper Nile, says UN
On 7 December, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said over 9,100 people had fled the latest violence between armed groups in the Upper Nile state. The OCHA said rape, murder and kidnapping had taken place in the state and 75 per cent of those displaced were women and children. The president's office said: “Despite the complexity, the president is determined to do whatever it takes to end this violence in Upper Nile and other regions of South Sudan.” Meanwhile, the UNHCR figures say over 20,000 people have fled the violence since August, including 3,000 who crossed to Sudan. (“More than 9,000 flee violence in South Sudan’s Upper Nile: UN,” Al Jazeera, 8 December 2022)

Nigeria: Reuters reports forced abortions of Boko Haram victims; military denies claims
On 7 December, Reuters released an investigative report claiming that since 2013 Nigeria’s military “conducted a secret, systematic and illegal abortion programme in the country’s northeast, ending at least 10,000 pregnancies among women and girls.” The report said the abortions were carried out without consent on women and girls impregnated by Boko Haram militants and those who resisted the abortion could have gotten “beaten, held at gunpoint or drugged into compliance.” However, the army has dismissed the report terming it “a body of insults on the Nigerian peoples and culture,” adding, “[The] Nigerian military will not, therefore, contemplate such evil of running a systematic and illegal abortion programme anywhere and anytime, and surely not on our own soil.” (“Nigeria denies mass ‘abortion programme’ of Boko Haram victims,” Al Jazeera, 8 December 2022)

Ethiopia: Opposition party calls for arming civilians
On 8 December, opposition party Ethiopian Citizens for Social Justice (Ezema) requested the government to arm civilians in the Oromia region to defend themselves against attacks by the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA). Ezema maintained that it was important to arm civilians “in places that government security forces cannot easily reach, in a legitimate and organised manner, to enable them resolutely defend themselves.” The development comes after dozens were killed in Anger Gute and Kiramu border towns in the Oromia region. (“Ethiopia party calls for arming of Oromia civilians,” BBC, 8 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 ready to withdraw, says spokesperson
On 6 December, the M23 spokesperson announced the armed group's willingness to disengage and withdraw from the territories it controlled in eastern DRC. The spokesperson said the M23 would also support the regional attempts at establishing peace in the east. The development came alongside the conclusion of week-long talks between former Kenyan President and mediator Uhuru Kenyatta and almost 50 armed groups operating in the DRC; M23 did not participate in the talks. The M23 spokesperson instead requested a meeting with the East African Community and Kenyatta. ("M23 says ready to ‘withdraw’ in eastern DRC, yet clashes reported," Al Jazeera, 7 December 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 calls for meeting with Kenyatta, Tshisekedi
On 7 December, News24 reported that the M23 rebel group had called on mediator and former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta to discuss “matters of concern.” The M23 spokesperson also called on the DRC president Felix Tshisekedi and said: “The M23 reiterates its readiness to the direct dialogue with the DRC government in order to find a lasting solution to the root causes of the conflict in the eastern DRC.” (Lenin Ndebele, “M23 rebels insist on meeting DRC President Felix Tshisekedi, EAC facilitator Uhuru Kenyatta,” News24, 7 December 2022)

Sudan: UN hopeful about recently-signed political framework
On 7 December, the head of the UN mission in the country UNITAMS told the UNSC that signing a political framework could help Sudan out of the “uncertainty and insecurity sparked by the October 2021 coup.” The Special Representative said the framework could help Sudanese citizens realise their aspirations. The representative said once a political agreement that leads to a civilian government is arrived at, the latter “should pave the way towards building a democratic State based on human rights, rule of law and gender equality, and provide a future for the young men and women of Sudan.” (“New political deal ‘offers a path’ to realizing Sudanese aspirations,” UN News, 7 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Chad: Hundreds sentenced to jail for anti-government protests

On 5 December, 262 people were sentenced to two or three years in jail for the anti-government protests in October which witnessed over 50 casualties. The developments come after a mass trial held in the Koro Toro prison held on 2 December. Al Jazeera reported that the defendants were sentenced on charges of "unauthorised gathering, destroying belongings, arson and disturbing public order." The public prosecutor said that apart from the 262 people, 80 were given suspended terms and 59 were cleared of all charges; 83 minors will be tried later in a special juvenile court. Meanwhile, several lawyers criticised the mass trial with the defence lawyers terming it "illegal" and others boycotted the proceedings. The Chad Bar Association labelled the trial a "parody of justice." (“Chad jails more than 260 people after mass trial over protests,” Al Jazeera, 6 December 2022)

Ethiopia: Federal troops deployed in Oromia to contain violence

On 6 December, BBC reported that federal troops have been redeployed in the Oromia region to contain the repetitive attacks by armed groups. Amhara militants are blamed for the recent attacks that killed dozens and displaced thousands in Anger Gute and Kiramu border towns in Oromia region. However, the Amhara community who are a minority in the region blamed Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) rebels for the attacks. Residents have been blaming the government for failing to protect them as violence in Oromia has been overshadowed by the conflict in Tigray. Besides, local authorities say that there is an urgent need for humanitarian aid as the roadblocks put up by the armed groups are hampering movement in the region. (“Ethiopia sends troops to troubled Oromia region,” BBC, 6 December 2022)

South Sudan: Opposition alliance urges government to intervene violent clashes in Upper Nile

On 6 December, the South Sudan Opposition Alliance (SSOA), a group of 10 opposition political parties urged the government to intervene in the ongoing violent clashes in the northern Upper Nile state. The Ceasefire Transitional Security Arrangements Monitoring and Verification Mechanism (CTSAMVM), an international ceasefire monitoring agency reported “renewed fighting” between the national army and the opposition forces in Maiwut and Fshoda regions. Though details regarding the number of casualties were not provided, the agency said: “it was concerned that these incidents might pose a real threat to the implementation of the revitalised peace agreement.” (“Concern over renewed fighting in region of South Sudan,” BBC, 6 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Military signs agreement for a civilian transition

On 5 December, Sudan’s pro-democracy coalition Forces of Freedom and Change signed an agreement with the military to restore civilian rule. The deal agreed for a two-year civilian-led transition towards election. However, protests were sparked in capital Khartoum challenging the agreement and calling the military to be accountable for the coup as well as the death of anti-coup protesters. The deal doesn’t cover security reforms leaving public concern that it would leave the military powerful and disrupt the democratic transition. A spokesperson for the Forces of Freedom and Change said: “The goals of the agreement are establishing a fully civilian authority, creating a free climate for politics, and reaching a final agreement with the widest political participation.” The African Union, Arab nations and western countries have been putting pressure on both sides for negotiation. Meanwhile, the UN and the US have welcomed the agreement. (“Sudan military to sign deal on return to civilian rule,” BBC, 5 December 2022)

South Africa: Ramaphosa legally challenges corruption report

On 5 December, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa legally challenged the report by a parliamentary commission of inquiry, which claims to have evidence for Ramaphosa’s misconduct and possible violation of the constitution. Ramaphosa’s spokesperson described the report as “clearly flawed.” Ramaphosa mentioned that he wants the Constitutional Court to declare the report unlawful and to set them aside. He also added that the inquiry panel went beyond its scope when looking at whether it was a case of robbery at his Phala Phala farm. (“Ramaphosa challenges corruption report in court,” BBC, 5 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

South Africa: Panel submits report to Speaker on Ramaphosa’s farm scandal

On 30 November, an independent panel investigating a crime cover-up at President Cyril Ramaphosa’s private game farm submitted its findings to the National Assembly speaker. The panel, constituted in September, investigated the theft of USD four million at the game farm in 2020 and its cover-up; the findings place Ramaphosa at the risk of an impeachment. Ramaphosa acknowledged the theft but denied any role in covering it up. The panel’s finding said Ramaphosa violated his oath of office; however, he said: “I categorically deny that I have violated this oath in any way, and I similarly deny that I am guilty of any of the allegations made against me.” (“South Africa panel files report on Ramaphosa farm scandal,” Al Jazeera, 30 November 2022; Wendell Roelf and Bhargav Acharya, “Report finds South Africa's Ramaphosa violated oath of office,” Reuters, 1 December 2022)

Somalia: 40 al Shabaab members killed, says government

On 1 December, the government said 40 al Shabaab terrorists had been killed by security forces in the Middle Shabelle region.The information ministry said this was part of a planned operation in the region. However, al Shabaab dismissed this and said the fighting ensued from an attack by its fighters. The development comes after al Shabaab took a hotel under siege on 27 November in Mogadishu. (“Somalia says around 40 al Shabaab fighters killed in clashes,” Reuters, 1 December 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: 50 civilians killed by M23, says army

On 1 December, the army released a statement accusing the M23 rebels of killing 50 civilians in North Kivu province’s Kishishe town and violating a ceasefire signed the previous week. An army official termed the attack a massacre. Further, the statement said the army had maintained the ceasefire despite attacks on government positions. (“DR Congo army accuses M23 rebels of killing 50 civilians,” Al Jazeera, 1 December 2022)

South Korea to export first batch of mpox vaccines to Africa

On 29 November, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) released a press statement announcing that South Korea would donate a first batch of mpox vaccines to Africa. The donation would take place under the MoU signed in April 2022 between the Africa CDC and Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) on public health activities and expansion of global health security to enhance disease prevention in Africa. On 1 December, Al Jazeera reported that 50,000 doses of the mpox vaccine will be delivered under the scheme. On 28 November, the World Health Organization announced that the disease, previously called monkeypox, will henceforth be called mpox to avoid racist and stigmatised notions. (“The Republic of Korea to Donate First Batch of Mpox Vaccine to Africa,” Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 29 November 2022; "Africa to receive first batch of 50,000 mpox vaccines," Al Jazeera, 1 December 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: In forum for internet governance, minister says no timelines for restoring services in Tigray

On 29 November, the minister for innovation and technology said there was no timeline to restore internet access to Tigray. The minister made the remark at the annual UN Annual Internet Governance Forum in Ethiopia’s capital Addis Ababa, with the theme “universal, affordable and meaningful connectivity.” However, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed justified the shutdown and said the internet services in Tigray had fuelled the conflict through disinformation. The shutdown in Tigray is the longest uninterrupted one since it was imposed in November 2020. (“‘No timeline’ for restoring internet to Tigray: Ethiopia minister,” Al Jazeera, 30 November 2022)

The Netherlands releases Russian fertiliser shipment bound for Africa

On 29 November, the first shipment of Russian fertiliser with 20,000 tonnes of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium left for Africa from the Netherlands after ensuring that Western sanctions do not block it. A spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General said the shipment is part of a series of exports to Africa “to alleviate the humanitarian needs and prevent catastrophic crop loss on the African continent, where it is currently planting season.” The shipment was previously blocked by the Netherlands claiming that an individual in the Russian fertiliser company had been under sanctions. The Dutch approved the export after the UN assured them that the ship would be sent to Malawi and that the individual and the company would not acquire any benefit. (“First shipment of Russian fertiliser en route to Africa,” Al Jazeera, 30 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Malawi: First large-scale malaria vaccination campaign begins

On 29 November, the WHO country representative said the world’s first large-scale infant vaccination drive against malaria had commenced in Malawi. The RTS,S vaccine vaccine will be administered through a country-wide immunisation programme in 11 of the 28 districts; 330,000 children will be vaccinated in this first phase. In 2020, at least 2,500 deaths of children under five years were recorded due to the illness. The national malaria control programme manager was hopeful the malaria vaccine would bring down the number of deaths, despite the low efficacy of the vaccine. (Grace Nyenyezi Khombe, “Malawi begins first large-scale malaria vaccination,” BBC, 29 November 2022)

South Sudan: Expel officials linked to sexual violence, recommends UN panel

On 29 November, BBC reported that the chairperson of the panel investigating sexual violence in South Sudan called on the government to prosecute the officials, including state governors and county commissioners, involved in the crime. The news report quoted the chairperson: “Nowhere in the world do you find so many women who experience conflict by being repeatedly gang raped... while the men responsible are promoted and rewarded.” Another panel member said the “dehumanising sexual violence” in South Sudan in 2022 was a culmination of the government’s “failure over many years to hold individuals accountable.” (Nichola Mandil, “South Sudan urged to prosecute officials linked to rape,” BBC, 29 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

South Sudan: County commissioner orchestrated gangrape, says UN panel

On 28 November, the UN Commission on Human Rights in South Sudan said it had reasons to believe that the Unity state’s county commissioner oversaw the gangrape of several women and girls at a military camp. A Commission member said sexual violence related to conflict resulted from impunity and that it had become systematic. The Commission quotes witnesses who said the commissioner had planned the sexual violence and his deputy carried it forward; patterns similar to the above offence were observed in other places. However, the South Sudan Information Minister dismissed these claims accusing the UN officials of falsely reporting the above to make money. (“UN panel accuses South Sudan officials of overseeing gang rapes,” Al Jazeera, 28 November 2022)

Somalia: Hotel siege by al Shabaab leaves eight dead

On 28 November, security forces ended a siege by al Shabaab of a hotel near the president’s residence in the capital Mogadishu. A police spokesperson said eight civilians and a policeman had been killed and 60 rescued. The spokesperson said one of the al Shabaab terrorist blew himself up and security forces killed five after the attack began on 27 November. The environment minister was residing in the hotel; he said the government would not give up the fight against al Shabaab. (“Abdiqani Hassan And Mukelwa Hlatshwayo, “Somali troops overpower militants to end hotel siege,” Reuters, 28 November 2022; “Eight civilians dead as Somalia hotel siege ends,” News24, 28 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Malawi: Vice president arrested over corruption allegations

On 25 November, the Anti-Corruption Bureau said it had arrested Vice President Saulos Chilima for allegedly awarding government contracts after accepting money up to USD 280,000 and other items from bidders. The ACB said Chilima had assisted two companies linked to British businessman Zuneth Sattar in securing the contracts. The ACB said it had been investigating Sattar and some public officers for plundering state resources by influencing the contracts via the public procurement system. The development comes after a Financial Times report which said the UK National Crime Agency (NCA) was investigating Sattar for reportedly abusing the public procuring system in Malawi. (“Malawi vice president arrested by anti-corruption bureau,” Al Jazeera, 25 November 2022)

Sao Tome and Principe: Coup attempt contained, says PM

On 25 November, Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada said a coup attempt had been foiled and six people, including former national assembly president Delfim Neves, had been detained for the same. The Economic Community of West African States condemned the development. The ECOWAS Chairman, also the Guinea-Bissau President, Umaro Sissoco Embalo emphasised that Sao Tome and Principe was known to be a model democracy in the continent. (“Coup attempt thwarted in Sao Tome and Principe, PM says,” Al Jazeera, 25 November 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Clashes resume despite ceasefire

On 25 November, clashes between the M23 rebel group and the army resumed, two days after a ceasefire was declared by DRC, Rwanda, Burundi, Angola, and Uhuru Kenyatta, the former president of Kenya and a mediator. On 24 November, Al Jazeera quoted an M23 spokesperson: “M23 has seen the document on social media … There was nobody in the summit [from M23] so it doesn’t really concern us … Normally when there is a ceasefire, it is between the two warring sides.” (“DRC fighting resumes, M23 say ceasefire deal doesn’t affect them,” Al Jazeera, 25 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: President Mohamud launches anti al-Shabaab TV channel

On 24 November, the state media reported that President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud inaugurated a new TV channel named Daljir to counter al-Shabab’s propaganda as the government intensifies its media campaign against the group. In October, the Somali government had banned over 500 social media accounts spreading al-Shabab’s ideologies. The information ministry said that the crackdown on al-shabaab linked media was part of “an all-out war” against the group which the president declared in August. (“Somalia launches anti-al-Shabab TV channel,” BBC, 24 November 2022)

Ethiopia: AU mediators visits Tigray

On 24 November, BBC reported that the African Union mediators are visiting the war-devastated Tigray region as part of their latest effort to implement a peace deal signed between the federal government and Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). Though a peace deal has been signed between the warring parties the BBC report says little food, medication and other essentials have reached Tigray. Another issue being the disarmament of Tigrayan forces, and the withdrawal of Eritrean forces. The government says the issue of presence of foreign forces will be dealt with when the federal forces are deployed in Tigray borders. (“AU mediators visit war-devastated Tigray,” BBC, 24 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: President Ramaphosa visits Buckingham palace

On 23 November, King Charles hosted South African President Cyril Ramaphosa as the first state visit of his reign at Buckingham palace. He hailed the cultural and trading links between the UK and South Africa as well as acknowledged the difficult legacy of colonialism. The King said: “We must acknowledge the wrongs which have shaped our past if we are to unlock the power of our common future.” He called for better partnerships which would tackle the “existential threats of climate change and biodiversity loss.” In response, Ramaphosa called for improved trade and investment relations with the UK and South Africa and to help the country in dealing with the power outage issue. (“King hails Mandela friendship on South Africa state visit Published,” BBC, 23 November 2022)

Ethiopia: Measles outbreak hit Oromia region

On 23 November, residents in the Oromia region of Ethiopia said that children have been dying from a measles outbreak for the past few months. They say that blackades caused by the ongoing conflict have hampered medical facilities reaching the region. The federal government and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) have been fighting a deadly insurgency in western insurgency. In October, the UN reported that humanitarian situation in the Oromia region “remains complex.” The United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) said: “Access, security and resources remain challenging to reach the affected population.” (“Ethiopia rebel stronghold hit by measles outbreak,” BBC, 23 November 2022)

Namibia: Statue of German colonial officer taken down

On 23 November, the statue of a controversial German colonial officer Von François was taken down after a successful petition. The statue was erected in 1965 honouring the officer as the city’s founder. Von François was a senior officer in the then colony of South West Africa, current day Namibia. He was the commanding officer during the Hoornkrans massacre which was an operation against the Nama rebellion where at least 80 people were killed. Activist Hildegard Titus, who led the petition to take down the statue said that François had “wrongly been called the founder of Windhoek'' and that he was a symbol of “colonial oppression.” (“Namibia takes down statue of German colonial officer,” BBC, 23 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Nigeria: At least 130 people kidnapped by gunmen

On 22 November, BBC reported, at least 130 people were kidnapped by gunmen in Nigeria's north-western state of Zamfara. The state's information commissioner said that the gunment on motorcycles raided two regions and abducted women, children and the elderly. He added that the gunmen were using the victims as "human shields" following the ongoing "heavy bombardments" targeting their hideouts. However, separate reports said that the people abducted were farm workers who were busy during the harvesting season. Zamfara is one among the Nigerian States struggling with ransom kidnappings. (“Gunmen kidnap 130 in raids in north-west Nigeria,” BBC, 22 November 2022)

Burkina Faso: French embassy requests protection after violent protests

On 21 November, the French embassy requested the Burkinabe government for more protection after violent anti-French protests on 18 November. The protests were carried out in front of the French embassy and military base demanding French soldiers to leave. A French embassy letter said: "The events suffered in October and November are susceptible to be repeated in the coming days, if nothing is done." Burkina Faso's chief of staff of the national gendarmerie said that the security officers outside the embassy were not well equipped to handle the protest and that they were waiting for orders from authorities for reinforcement, which took several hours. The worsening Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso is perceived as neo-colonial influence from Paris, subsequently calling for a partnership with Russia similar to Mali. ("French embassy asks Burkina Faso for more protection after protests," Reuters, 22 November 2022)

Mali: French-supported NGOs ordered to cease activities

On 21 November, the military government ordered non-governmental organisations, supported or funded by France, to stop their activities with immediate effect. The development comes a week after France halted development aid to Mali. The Malian government said the French move “intended to deceive and manipulate” public opinion for “destabilizing and isolating Mali.” The government also said that the French assistance was “dehumanizing aid used as a means of blackmailing rulers and actively supporting terrorist groups operating on Malian soil.” (“Mali bans NGOs supported by France amid diplomatic row,” whoownsafrica, 22 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Zimbabwe: President opens Chinese-built new parliament

On 16 November, Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangawa formally opened a new 650-seat parliament in the capital, Harare. Manangagwa used the occasion to deliver a state of the nation address. The state-run Herald newspaper reported that the finance minister will present the 2023 national budget the next day. The project has been funded by China as a gift to Zimbabwe. ("Zimbabwe to open new Chinese-built parliament," BBC, 21 November 2022) 

DR Congo: Peace talks with rebels postponed

On 21 November, BBC reported that peace talks between the Democratic Republic of Congo government and rebel groups have been postponed. The talks were scheduled to begin on 21 November in Kenya’s capital, Nairobi. The organisers of the Inter-Congolese peace dialogue said that they are trying to build a favourable environment to conduct the peace talks. Earlier this week, the clashes resumed in Rutshuru territory, towards the North Kivu province. ("DR Congo peace talks with rebels delayed," BBC, 21 November 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: France suspends aid over ties with Russia

On 18 November, a French foreign ministry source told AFP news agency that France suspended development assistance to Mali following the announcement of the end of Operation Barkhane. The French foreign affairs ministry quoted that it suspended aid over "the attitude of the Malian junta allied to the Russian Wagner mercenaries."  Several French NGOs denounced the decision in a letter to President Emmanuel Macron. It called on the government to review the decision saying that the suspension of aid jeopardises dozens of development projects that are under way or planned in the country over the coming years. (“France halts aid to Mali over Russia ties - reports,” BBC, 18 November 2022)

Uganda sends troops to DR Congo

On 18 November, the Ugandan army said that it will send nearly 1,000 troops to the Democratic Republic of Congo's Ituri region to fight the ongoing insurgency. Ugandan forces are already engaged with DRC forces fighting the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebels in the region. The new troops are deployed as part of the East African force fighting nearly 100 other rebel groups. The announcement came a day after Kenya sent a second batch of its troops to the North Kivu region. (“Uganda to send more troops to DR Congo,” BBC, 18 November 2022)

West African countries meet in Ghana, discusses spiraling Islamist insurgency

On 18 November, officials of several West African countries met at Ghanaian capital, Accra, to discuss the worsening Islamist insurgency in the region. Ghana's National Security Minister Albert Kan-Dapaah said that cooperation is needed as "terrorist" activities are crossing borders. The meeting comes amid several countries announcing withdrawal of their troops fighting along with an international peacekeeping mission in the region. Ghana, Togo, Benin, and Ivory Coast are at risk of being affected by Islamist militants pushing southwards from Sahel countries. ("West African neighbours debate Islamist spill-over," BBC, 18 November 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: France delivers attack helicopters

On 17 November, BBC reported that France has given two attack helicopters to Niger to boost its fight against the Islamist militancy. Niger’s Defence Minister Alkasoum Indatou said during the unveiling ceremony of the aircraft that the delivery of the equipment was a part of military cooperation between the two countries. According to the authorities, the aircraft included five military helicopters which cost nearly USD 24.8 million, having reconnaissance, surveillance and attack capabilities as well as included the training pilots. (“Niger receives two French attack helicopters,” BBC, 17 November 2022)

Ethiopia: Tigray officials accuses Eritrea of atrocities

On 17 November, a senior official of the Tigray region said that the Eritrean forces continue to commit human rights atrocities despite the ceasefire deal signed the previous week, which ended the two-year war. A spokesperson from Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) said that Eritrean forces are killing civilians and looting and destroying property. He also added that TPLF would not draw down its arms until the federal government ensures the complete withdrawal of Eritrean and other forces. Meanwhile, an Ethiopian official said that the Eritrean issue will be resolved after federal troops are stationed in Tigray’s borders. (“Eritrean army accused of atrocities in Tigray,” BBC, 17 November 2022)

 Nigeria: National Bureau of Statistics says 133 million people in poverty

On 17 November, Nigeria's National Bureau of Statistics said that nearly 133 million people in the country are living in poverty. The Bureau came up with the data looking at multidimensional poverty, where how much money someone has is calculated along with their access to education and basic infrastructure. It said lack of access to health and education as well as a clean energy for cooking are the key issues behind poverty. (“Six out of every 10 Nigerians in poverty - government,” BBC, 17 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: UNHRC chief calls for political deal

On 16 November, the United Nations Human Rights Commissioner Volker Turk urged Sudanese civilian and military factions to reach an agreement to end the worsening political and economic situation in the country following the coup last year. He said: “I really call on all sides involved in the political process to go the extra mile, to work towards the prompt restoration of civilian rule in the country, and bring an end to the uncertainty that has left much of the population in peril.” Talks between the Forces for Freedom and Change, and the military have been going for weeks. The civilian bloc said that it is seeking for a “framework agreement” with the military as a first step to end the political crisis. (“Sudan: UN human rights chief calls for political deal,” Africanews, 16 November 2022)

Kenya: Ruto condemns legislature’s comment to remove presidential term limits

On 16 November, Kenyan President William Ruto condemned the statement made by a legislature that the country should remove the term limits of the president. MP Salah Yakub, belonging to the ruling United Democratic Alliance (UDA) said: “The terms of the presidency should not be limited to two terms, three terms, or even four. If the president is doing a good job he should extend his term.” In reply President Ruto said: “Do not spend your time pushing for selfish and self-serving legislation like changing the constitution to remove term limits, my focus is service to the people.” (“Ruto slams 'selfish' idea to scrap president term limit,” BBC, 16 November 2022)

Nigeria: At least 12 killed in gunmen attack

On 16 November, Reuters reported, the residents and the state governor said that at least 12 people were killed in a gunmen attack in the northern Nigerian state of Plateau. The governor said that there are frequent attacks and destruction of farm crops, livestock and properties within the state which are concerning. In October, nearly 23 people were killed in a clash between herdsmen and farmers in Benue state. (“At least 12 killed in Nigeria after gunmen attack villagers,” Reuters, 16 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: PM vows to honestly implement ceasefire; TPLF faces criticism

On 15 November, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed promised “to implement honestly” the ceasefire signed with the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) on 2 November. Abiy said: “We have moved one step forward. We have discussed, agreed and signed. The next thing expected from us will be to honestly implement what we have promised to make the peace sustainable.” Meanwhile, TPLF leader Getachew Reda defended the signing of the ceasefire after he faced criticism for allegedly selling out Tigrayans. BBC explains that critics of the TPLF decision said the Front does not have the authority to disarm the Tigray Defence Forces. (“Ethiopia PM Abiy vows ‘honest’ implementation of Tigray truce, “ Al Jazeera, 15 November 2022; Line Tsigab, “Tigray official defends peace deal amid criticism,” BBC, 15 November 2022)

Africa: Do not blame Africa for “taking sides,” says Rwanda President

On 15 November, Rwandan President Paul Kagame, who is also the chairperson of the African Union Development Agency (Nepad) Heads of State and Government Orientation Committee addressed the G20 summit in Bali, stressing on the impact of the Ukraine war on Africa. Kagame outlined that the blockade on Russian supplies of fertilisers was affecting parts of Africa preparing for their cropping seasons. Outlining African countries’ voting in the UN sessions on Russia, Kagame said Africa should not be blamed for “taking sides,” adding, “What Africa wants to see is peace. We are confident that we cannot be accused of taking sides, simply by asking for peace. Africa is here for Africa and our productive relationship with the rest of the world.” Kagame said, too often Africans paid the price for external factors, be it climate change or the war in Ukraine. (“G20 Summit: Africa 'just wants peace', not taking sides in Ukraine war - Rwanda's Paul Kagame,” News24, 15 November 2022)

Russia is sending Africans to fight against Ukraine, says Kyiv

On 15 November, the Ukraine Foreign Ministry spokesperson tweeted that Russian President Vladmir Putin was “African citizens imprisoned in Russia to the war in Ukraine.” The development comes after a Zambian student, who had been serving a nine-year jail time, died fighting against Ukraine in September. The spokesperson said: “We call on the African Union and all African states to demand that Russia stop press gagging their nationals. Africans shouldn’t die for Putin’s sick imperial ambitions.” On 14 November, Zambia's foreign affairs minister said he would update the deceased student’s family updates on the death as Russia had not previously informed the Zambian government of the incident. (“Ukraine accuses Russia of pushing Africans to fight,” BBC, 15 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Mali: UK announces withdrawal of troops from UN peacekeeping force

On 14 November, the UK’s Armed Forces Minister James Heappey announced that the UK would withdraw its 300 troops from the UN’s peacekeeping force in Mali. Heappey said: “This government cannot deploy our nation's military to provide security when the host country's government is not willing to work with us to deliver lasting stability and security.” Heappey opined that the two coups in Mali since 2020 had undermined international efforts to establish peace amid the growing violence linked to al Qaeda and Islamic State. The minister further added that Mali’s partnership with Russia’s Wagner Group was also counterproductive to the region’s security. (“Britain to withdraw troops from Mali peacekeeping force,” Reuters, 14 November 2022)

Somalia: US announces USD 10 million reward for information on al Shabaab leaders

On 14 November, the US Department of State announced that it would offer USD 10 million for any information on three leaders of al Shabaab, aiming to interrupt the group's financial flows. amid the group’s intensified attacks on civilians and the government troops. The three people are the “emir” of al Shabaab Ahmed Diriye, his second-in-command Mahad Karate and a US citizen Jehad Mostafa believed to lead al Shabaab’s foreign fighters and its media wing. The State Department said: “The FBI assesses Mostafa to be the highest-ranking terrorist with US citizenship fighting overseas.” (“US offers $10m for information on al-Shabab leaders, finances,” Al Jazeera, 15 October 2022; “US offers $10 million reward for leads on Somalia’s Al-Shabaab leaders,” France24, 14 November 2022)

Sudan: General Burhan warns against interfering with military

On 13 November, Sudanese President General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan warned Islamist groups and political factions against interference in the military as talks with civilian parties to establish a non-partisan government are ongoing. The development comes after Islamists loyal to former dictator Omar al Bashir protested against the ongoing talks. Reuters quoted Burhan: “We'll cut out the tongue of anyone who speaks on the military.” (“Sudan's Burhan warns Islamists and other factions against interfering with the military,” Reuters, 14 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Malawi president criticises wealthier countries for climate losses

On 11 November, Malawian President Lazarus Chakwera joined with other African leaders in criticising the developed countries for not paying enough to climate change induced issues. Speaking at the COP27 meeting in Egypt he said that African countries are contributing only little to pollute the climate and that wealthier countries should take more responsibility. He said: “That’s why we’re saying if you’re really serious about this it’s not about charity. This pays for what you have deliberately used and benefited you and you don’t want to pay up.” (“Paying for climate damage not charity - Malawi president,” BBC, 11 November 2022)

Tunisia: Ghannouchi released after trial for money laundering

On 10 November, Ennahda party leader Rached Ghannouchi was released after a trial for a case on money laundering and incitement of violence. Prior to his trial, Ghannouchi termed the case an “empty file” and an “invented problem.” The development comes as other Ennahda party members also face prosecution over transactions involving a digital content production firm which has been under    a probe since 2021 for alleged “plotting against state security.” Ghannouchi said these proceedings are “trumped-up and aimed at distracting the Tunisian people from the real problems we're facing.” (“Tunisia's Islamist leader Ghannouchi released after 'money-laundering' trial,” France24, 11 November 2022)

 Ethiopia: Government says federal forces controls 70 per cent of Tigray

On 11 November, the Ethiopian government said that currently the federal forces control 70 per cent of the northern region of Tigray. Ethiopian Prime Minister’s national security adviser stated through twitter: “70 per cent of Tigray is under the Ethiopian National Defence Forces'' and that aid was “flowing like no other times.” However, according to the AFP news agency reports, the spokesperson of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) had denied the claim. A TPLF spokesperson said: “He is plucking his facts out of thin air.” (“Ethiopian forces control 70% of Tigray - government,” BBC, 11 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: WHO head says food and medicine not reaching Tigray

On 10 November, the World Health Organization said that food and medicine are not reaching Tigray despite the signing of a ceasefire agreement the previous week. WHO head Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus said: “I was expecting food and medicine to start flowing immediately after the ceasefire. That’s not happening.” Meanwhile, an Ethiopian official said that Tedros was trying to undermine the ceasefire agreement and that food and medicine were reaching Tigray. (“Food and medicine not reaching Tigray yet - WHO,” BBC, 10 November 2022)

 Ghana: Finance minister faces censure vote amid economic crisis

On 10 November, BBC reported that Ghana’s Finance Minister Ken Ofori-Atta will face a vote of censure for his failed handling of the economy as the annual inflation rate reached 40.4 per cent in October. This comes after the cost of essential commodities like staple food, fuel and utilities reached a record high. The ruling party in a statement said that the censure vote was “ill-intended and aimed at derailing government’s efforts at resolving current socio-economic upheavals.” (“Ghana's finance minister faces censure vote,” BBC, 10 November 2022)

DR Congo: At least two killed and 10 kidnapped by rebel forces

On 10 November, BBC reported that at least two people have been killed and 10 others were kidnapped by the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) rebel group in Kabasha area near the city of Beni in north-eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. This comes after a series of air strikes by the Congolese forces targeting militia groups in Runyoni, Musongati, Chanzu and Bunagana regions. According to aid agencies, nearly 90,000 people have been displaced by the renewed fighting in the region over the past two months. (“DR Congo rebel forces kill two, kidnap 10 others,” BBC, 10 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Protesters call for an end of violence in Nuba region

On 9 November, thousands of people belonging to Sudan’s Nuba ethnic group protested in the capital, Khartoum, calling for an end to violence in their region. The protesters carried placards saying “No to the genocide of the Nuba,” accussing the government of supporting the Arab militias trying to force out of their land. In October, at least 20 people were killed in a clash between Messiria Arabs and Nuba communities. (“Sudan protests call for end of Nuba region killings,” BBC, 9 November 2022)

 Kenya and South Africa signs visa-free entry deal

On 9 November, Kenya and South Africa agreed to a reciprocal visa-free entry deal which will be in effect from January next year. The two leaders also agreed to unveil a Pan-African airline between Kenya Airways and South African Airways. Kenyan President William Ruto said: “I express appreciation on the progress that we have made in the long awaited visa-free regime.” South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said: “We both occupy strategic points on the continent and there is a great need for a strategic partnership to be struck.” (“Kenya and South Africa agree on visa-free entry,” BBC, 9 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: France ends Operation Barkhane in Sahel

On 8 November, French President Emmanuel Macron announced the end of France’s anti-jihadist Operation Bakhane in Sahel. In a keynote address at the naval base at Toulon, Macron said: “I have decided, in coordination with our partners, to make official today the end of the Barkhane operation.” He added that the decision was a consequence of what France has experienced in the region, and a new strategy would be developed within six months. Macron said: “Our military support for African countries will continue, but according to new principles that we have defined with them.” (“France officially ends anti-jihadist Barkhane operation, ponders new strategy,” Africanews, 8 November 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Army operations target M23 rebels, says civil society leader

On 8 November, Al Jazeera reported that the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s troops had bombed areas controlled by M23 rebels in the east. The news reported quoted the president of a civil society group who said the people had urged the army to finish their operations faster as people had already been displaced and several were living in camps with little humanitarian assistance. The reporter said around 90,000 people have been displaced after fighting in the region resurged in October. Meanwhile, the M23 spokesperson termed the army operations counterproductive, stating that they put the civilian lives at risk. (“DR Congo jets bomb M23 rebel targets in east, official says,” Al Jazeera, 8 November 2022)

Uganda: Ministry announces early closure of schools amid rising ebola cases

On 8 November, the education minister announced that schools will be closed from 25 November, two weeks prior to the scheduled end of the term amid the rising number of ebola cases, including the death of eight children. The minister said this “will reduce areas of concentration where children are in daily close contact with fellow children, teachers and other staff who could potentially spread the virus.” As of 6 November, the WHO said 64 people had died from the current outbreak. On 8 November, The Telegraph reported that Uganda’s health ministry expects around 250 casualties by January and 500 by late April 2023. (“Uganda to close schools early after eight children die of Ebola,” Al Jazeera, 8 November 2022; “Ebola outbreak projected to surge as response repeats mistakes of Wuhan,” The Telegraph, 8 November 2022)

Africa: Children of African children face higher level of discrimination, says report

On 8 November, the Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent presented a report to the UN General Assembly outlining the discrimination faced by children of African descent. The report said the level of discrimination meted to these children reached an extent that they were not considered children, even by the law. The report highlighted that children of African descent were subjected to “heavier policing, including more arrests, police surveillance, racial profiling, strip searches and excessive use of force.” The Chair of the Working Group attributed such actions against children to racial discrimination, stereotypes and xenophobia. (“Children of African descent ‘not considered children at all’, rights experts charge,” UN News, 8 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Children and young adults at risk of gender-based violence, says UN

On 7 November, the UN International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) said the resurgent violence and consequent internal displacement has placed children and young adults at the risk of “gender-based violence in the extremely cramped camps.” The UNICEF Emergency Manager said around 100,000 people had fled the intense fighting in the Rutshuru territory in the last ten days. (“Mass displacements in eastern DR Congo threaten young lives,” UN News, 7 October 2022)

Ethiopia: Government and Tigray forces agree to set up hotline

On 7 October, the African Union’s chief mediator said that following the latest agreement between the Ethiopian federal government and Tigray, both sides had established a hotline. The development comes after the two sides agreed to cease hostilities on 2 November. The mediator opined that exchanging a hotline was the first sign of progress. (“Ethiopian gov’t, Tigray forces establish hotline following truce,” Al Jazeera, 7 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Somalia: Over a hundred al Shabaab terrorists killed, says ministry

On 4 November, the Defence Ministry said at least 100 al Shabaab terrorists had been killed in their clashes with the army and allied militias in the Hiran region. The development comes after 120 people were killed in twin bombings outside the education ministry in Mogadishu on 29 October. Reuters reported that pictures of bodies of the alleged terrorists were circulated on Telegram through a channel linked to the army. Meanwhile, al Shabaab claimed that dozens of soldiers had been killed in clashes with security forces on 3 November. (“Somalia army says at least 100 al Shabaab fighters killed in clashes,” Reuters, 4 November 2022)

Kenya: Drought claims hundreds of wildlife lives amid drought

On 4 November, the tourism minister said 205 elephants and several wildlife were killed between February and October 2022 amid the ongoing drought. The species most impacted were elephants, 681 wildebeest, 381 common zebras, 49 Grevy’s zebras, 12 giraffes and 51 buffalo. This comes after the Grevy’s Zebra Trust, in September, said the drought had claimed 40 Grevy zebras in three months. (“Kenya drought killed 205 elephants in 10 months – minister,” Al Jazeera, 4 November 2022)

 Africa: Climate-related health emergencies highest since 2000, says WHO

On 4 November, News24 reported a WHO analysis which said the number of disease outbreaks and climate-related health emergencies rose to an all-time high in the Horn of Africa. Assessing Djibouti, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, and Uganda, the report outlined that there were 39 disease outbreaks and floodings in these countries between January and October 2022. The outbreaks included anthrax, chikungunya, yellow fever, and other infectious diseases which accounted for 80 per cent of acute public health events. The WHO analysis said this was the highest number since 2000. (Lenin Ndebele, “From drought to floods: Climate-related health emergencies are peaking in Horn of Africa, says WHO,” News24, 4 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Ethiopia: Government and Tigray forces signed ceasefire agreement

On 3 November, Ethiopian government and Tigray People’s Liberation Front reached a ceasefire agreement halting the two-year conflict which led to thousands of deaths and warnings of famine. The deal comes after the AU led formal peace talks which were held in South Africa. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said: “The commitment to peace remains steadfast and our commitment to collaborating for the implementation of the agreement is equally strong.” The head of the Tigray delegation said: “Ultimately, the fact that we have now signed an agreement speaks volumes about the readiness on the part of the two sides to lay the past behind them to chart a new path of peace.” A spokesperson to the UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said: “It is very much a welcome first step, which we hope can start to bring some solace to the millions of Ethiopian civilians that have really suffered during the conflict.” (“Five key takeaways from the Ethiopia peace deal,” Al Jazeera, 3 November 2022)

South Sudan: UN says more than one million affected by floods

On 3 November, the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha) said that over one million people are affected by floods caused by torrential rains across South Sudan. Ocha said that lack of funds, damaged infrastructure, renewed violence, insecurity and inaccessibility are hampering the flood responses in the region. (“More than a million hit by flooding in South Sudan - UN,” BBC, 3 November 2022)

South Sudan: Millions at risk of food shortage in upcoming lean seasons, say UN agencies

On 3 November, UNICEF and WFP warned that 7.8 million people, or two-thirds of the population, are at the risk of facing food shortages in the 2023 lean season from April to June. The two UN agencies said the shortage may persist because of a “combination of conflict, poor macroeconomic conditions, extreme climate events, and spiralling costs of food and fuel.” A joint statement outlined that despite these developments, funding towards humanitarian assistance for South Sudan has declined. (Waakhe Simon Wudu, “Two thirds of South Sudan population risk severe hunger in 2023 - U.N.,” Reuters, 3 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya announces deployment of its force in DRC

On 2 November, Kenya announced the deployment of its first contingent of a regional peacekeeping force to Democratic Republic of  Congo. President William Ruto will preside at the flagging-off ceremony in Nairobi for the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) joining the regional forces. The Kenyan troops will be a part of the East African Community (EAC) force, with an objective to help the Congolese army fighting M23 rebel insurgency. (“Kenya due to deploy army to fight DR Congo rebels,” BBC, 2 November 2022)

Somalia: US sanctions IS group over arms smuggling

On 2 November, the US sanctioned the Islamic State group (IS) and several individuals belonging to the group in Somalia over arms smuggling in East Africa. The sanctioned individuals are accused of providing intelligence support to the group and coordinating high-profile attacks. Since 2O15, IS Somalia has been active in the Horn of Africa. Despite significant regional and international support, Somalia continues to fight Islamist militancy and illicit arms network. (“US sanctions IS group in Somalia over arms smuggling,” BBC, 2 November 2022)

Nigeria: Thousands displaced by insurgency, says HRW

On 2 November, the Human Rights Watch warned that more than 200,000 people who have been displaced due to Islamist insurgency in north-east Nigeria are struggling to meet basic food and shelter needs. The rights group said that the situation worsened when the Borno regional state authorities shut down the camps for internally displaced people. It said by August alone nearly 140,000 people were asked to leave the camp. (“Nigerians displaced by insurgency struggling - HRW,” BBC, 2 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Algeria: Arab League commences amid uncertainties regarding Palestine

On 1 November, Algeria commenced the first Arab League since several Arab countries normalised ties with Israel in 2020. The last Arab League was held in 2019. Algeria is a vocal supporter of the Palestinian cause and had also mediated a reconciliation process between the Fatah and Hamas factions. UN Secretary-General António Guterres called for unity among the Arab countries and said: “Division opens the door to foreign, non-Arab, interference, to terrorism, to manipulation, and sectarian strife. But united, your leadership can shape a region that makes the most of its enormous potential and contributes to global peace and security.” Guterres also stressed on the necessity to extend the Black Sea Grain Initiative amid the war between Russia and Ukraine, and called on rich countries to lead the fight against climate change. (“In speech to Arab League, UN chief appeals for greater regional unity,” UN News, 1 November 2022)

Mali: At least 13 killed in military raid

On 1 November, BBC reported, at least 13 people were killed during a raid by the Malian army and a group which locals identified as Russia’s Wagner mercenary group on 30 October. Residents said the army and mercenaries targeted ethnic Fulanis, where a woman and child were among those killed during the attack in Guelledje village in the Mopti region. (“Raid by Mali army and 'mercenaries' kills 13,” BBC, 1 November 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Democratic Republic of the Congo: Thousands protest against Rwanda’s alleged support to M23 

On 31 October, thousands took to the streets of Goma to protest against Rwanda’s alleged support to M23 rebels following Kinshasa’s recalling of its interim acting ambassador in Kigali. Al Jazeera quoted a civil society representative from the protests: We denounce the hypocrisy of the international community in the face of Rwanda’s aggression.” The development comes after M23 rebels two towns along a highway leading to Goma. Previously, on 29 October, the Democratic Republic of the Congo ordered the Rwandan ambassador to Kinshasa to leave the country within 48 hours. (“Thousands join anti-Rwanda protests in DR Congo’s Goma,” Al Jazeera, 31 October 2022)

Democratic Republic of the Congo: UN chief concerned over uptick in violence

On 31 October, a statement from the spokesperson for the UN Secretary-General António Guterres expressed concern over the surge in violence in the east between government troops and M23 rebels. Guterres called for immediate de-escalation of violence and ensured continued support to the mediation. He urged the M23 to disarm unconditionally and respect the DRC’s sovereignty. On 29 October, two UN peacekeepers were injured during attacks in North Kivu. The UN Mission in the DRC, known as the MONUSCO, condemned the attack and outlined that they may amount to war crimes. (“DR Congo: Guterres ‘deeply concerned’ by resurgence of fighting between Government troops and M23,” UN News, 31 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

DRC-Rwanda: Kinshasa orders Kigali envoy to leave within 48 hours

On 29 October, the Democratic Republic of the Congo directed Rwanda’s ambassador to leave the country within 48 hours, on Kigali’s alleged support to the M23 rebels in DRC’s east. The decision came after the defence council met to discuss the capture of two towns by the rebels. The government spokesperson cited “a massive arrival of elements of the Rwandan element to support the M23 terrorists.” On 30 October, Rwanda accused DRC of scapegoating Kigali “to cover up and distract from their own governance and security failures.” (“DR Congo expels Rwandan ambassador as M23 rebels seize towns,” Al Jazeera, 30 October 2022)

DRC: 11 killed in stampede at Martyr’s stadium

On 29 October, 11 people, including two police personnel, were killed in a stampede at the Martyr’s stadium in Kinshasa where people had gathered for Fally Ipupa’s concert. The interior minister said the stadium had gone past the 100 per cent capacity and blamed the organisers for the casualties. Reuters reported that several people forced their way into the VIP section after the 80,000 seats were filled. Prior to the incident, security forces allegedly dispersed the crowd outside the stadium using teargas. (“Stampede at Fally Ipupa concert kills 11 in DRC’s capital,” Al Jazeera, 30 October 2022)

Somalia: Nearly 100 killed in car bombings in the capital

On 30 October, President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud said at least 100 people had been killed and 300 injured after two car bombs exploded in capital city Mogadishu on 29 October. A police officer told Reuters that the first bomb explosion targeted the education ministry and another explosion while people were running towards ambulances with victims. The President has accused al Shabaab of the attack and said the . Previously, in 2017, an explosion in the same location outside a hotel had claimed over 500 lives. (“At least 100 killed, 300 hurt in ‘heinous’ Mogadishu car bombings,” Al Jazeera, 30 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: Thousands displaced by flooding in central and west Africa

On 28 October, the UNHCR said 3.4 million were in need of assistance amid the flooding in west and central Africa. Currently, the floods have claimed over 600 lives in Nigeria and left 1.3 million displaced. Similarly, Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso also witnessed above-average rainfall leading to the death and displacement of hundreds. The UNHCR spokesperson outlined the impact of climate change in the region and across Africa stating that the temperature in Sahel was increasing 1.5 times faster than the global average. The spokesperson further said that extreme weather across Africa had “killed hundreds and forced millions to flee their homes.” (“Millions face flooding threat across west and central Africa,” UN News, 28 October 2022)

Nigeria: Police increase security amid terror attack warnings

On 28 October, the Nigerian police called on all “strategic police managers in charge of commands and tactical formations” to increase security, particularly in the Federal Capital Territory. The inspector general of police ordered the activation of all emergency numbers for “a 24/7 prompt response with combatant officers and men on standby.” The development came after the US, on the same day, asked family members of diplomats and non-emergency staff to leave from Abuja. (“Nigeria ups security as US orders diplomats’ families to leave,” Al Jazeera, 28 October 2022)

Western Sahara: UN Security Council voted for the resumption of peace negotiations

On 28 October, the UN Security Council voted for the resumption of negotiations between parties to the disputed Western Sahara. The resolution called on the parties to resume negotiations "in good faith with a view to achieving a just, lasting and mutually acceptable political solution." Thirteen countries in the 15-member council voted in favour of the resolution, while Kenya and Russia abstained. Western Sahara, a former Spanish colony, is disputed by Morocco and the Algerian backed Polisario Front. (“UN votes for Western Sahara talks to resume,” BBC, 28 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: UN criticises military government’s partnership with Wagner

On 26 October, the US State Department's undersecretary for political affairs said Mali’s security situation had significantly worsened because of the military government’s choices, including its relations with Russia’s Wagner Group. The official said that the US ability to assist Mali on its security was limited “by the choice that the Mali government made to get into bed with Wagner.” The US official claimed that with the Mali government’s invitation to Wagner, terrorism had increased by 30 per cent and that there are “broad reports of human rights abuses across the region where (Wagner forces) are working.” The official added: “We worry that these forces are not interested in the safety and security of the people of Mali, but instead are interested in enriching themselves and strip-mining the country -- and are making the terrorism situation worse.” (“US blames Russia's Wagner Group for worsening security in Mali,” France24, 27 October 2022)

Zambia: World Bank approves USD 279 million loan

On 27 October, the World Bank said that it has approved a USD 270 million loan to Zambia to help it recover from the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine and to manage the debt crisis. In August, the International Monetary Fund had approved a USD 1.3 billion loan to help Zambia to restructure its loan as it failed to repay the same since 2020. In addition, the president of the World Bank has called on other countries to help reduce Zambia's debt. (“World Bank approves $275 million in development support for Zambia,” Africanews, 27 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Tigray: Government forces enters Tigray, UN calls for urgent resumption of peace talks

On 18 October, the Ethiopian government said that the military had taken control of three towns from TPLF rebel forces in Tigray. The government said in a statement: “The ENDF (Ethiopian National Defence Force) has taken control of the towns of Shire, Alamata and Korem without fighting in urban areas.” Earlier, the Tigrayan rebel forces said that the government forces and their allies have entered the city of Shire in Tigray, adding that they continue to to engage in a “life and death struggle.” The Tigrayan authorities said: “If we don't defend ourselves against our enemies, they will continue the atrocities.”(“Ethiopian army captures several towns in war-torn Tigray,” Al Jazeera, 18 October 2022)

Mali: Four UN peacekeepers die in attack in the north

On 18 October, the UN mission in Mali said the death toll of peacekeepers from an attack in Kidai region had risen to four on 17 October. Prior to the fourth peacekeeper’s death, three died on the day of the attack and three were injured after their vehicle hit an improvised explosive device. ("Death toll rises to four U.N. peacekeepers killed in Mali attack," Reuters, 18 October 2022)

Somalia: US blacklists alleged funders of militants

On 18 October, the US blacklisted multiple individuals in Somalia accusing of give financial and material assistance to the Islamist al-shabaab group. Meanwhile, earlier Somali authorities had warned businesses in the capital, Mogadishu against paying taxes to al-Qaeda affiliates. The previous week, the information ministry had suspended dozens of social media accounts and pages for publishing al-Shabaab propaganda. (“US blacklists alleged funders of Somali militants,” BBC, 18 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Government aims to take control of federal entities, UN calls for immediate resumption of peace talks

On 17 October, the Ethiopian government said that it aims to take control of airports and other federal facilities in Tigray “to protect Ethiopia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity.” The statement added that the move is necessary to protect its airspace which has been “violated by hostile foreign actors supporting the TPLF.” Meanwhile, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said that the “situation in Ethiopia is spiralling out of control” and has called for an urgent resumption of peace talks. The same day, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) called on the international community to “compel the Eritrean army to withdraw from Tigray” and “press the Ethiopian government to come to the negotiating table.” (“Ethiopia war spiralling out of control - UN chief,” BBC, 17 October 2022) 

Nigeria: “Overwhelming” flood disasters leaves 600 dead

On 17 October, BBC reported, the minister for disaster management said that recent flooding in Nigeria had become an “overwhelming” disaster and many states were unprepared despite warnings. Nearly 600 people have died in the devastating floods which the country has seen in a decade. More than 1.3 million people have been displaced and at least 200,000 homes have been destroyed. Government has blamed unusual heavy rains and climate change for the calamity. Discharge of excess water from dams in Nigeria and neighbouring Cameroon are other factors that caused the flooding. (Ishaq Khalid and Elsa Maishman, “Nigeria floods: 'Overwhelming' disaster leaves more than 600 people dead,” BBC, 17 October 2022)

Eritrea: Security agents detains catholic bishop

On 15 October, a catholic bishop was arrested by Eritrean security agents at Asmara international airport. The government has not publicly commented on the arrest. The previous week another priest was arrested without unknown reasons. The arrest comes amid Catholic bishops repeatedly calling the Eritrean government for an inclusive democracy and ending authoritarian behaviour. In 2019, the authorities shut down Catholic-run schools and hospitals alleging that they were imposing regulations that stipulate that religious bodies cannot run such institutions.(“Eritrea detains Catholic bishop - sources,” BBC, 17 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Oxfam says hundreds could die of hunger

On 14 October, Oxfam said that one person is likely to die every 36 seconds till the end of this year in the Horn of Africa in ravaging drought. Major East African countries including Kenya, Somalia and Ethiopia are going through a fifth failed rainy season. Millions of people are leaving the rural areas for makeshift camps near towns. The agency said that the number of people facing acute hunger in Somalia is more than the number of people affected by famine in 2011. (“Hundreds could die every day in Somalia from hunger - Oxfam, BBC, 14 October 2022)

Mali: At least 11 killed in bus blast

On 14 October, BBC reported, at least 11 people were killed in central Mali in a bus blast. Jihadist insurgecy in the country has left thousands dead and forced thousands to leave thier homes. A report by the UN mission in Mali (MINUSMA) said that mines and explosive devices have killed more than twenty by the end of August this year. (“At least 11 killed in Mali bus blast,” BBC, 14 October 2022)

Burkina Faso: Coup leader to become interim president

On 14 October, Captain Ibrahim Traoré, who led the latest coup in Burkina Faso was named as the country's interim president until elections in July 2024. However, a national forum said that the leader would not be allowed to contest in the polls. Traoré seized power two weeks ago from Lt General Paul Henri Damiba, who led a coup in January blazing the authorities of failing to deal with Islamist insurgency. (“Burkina Faso coup leader to become interim president,” BBC, 14 October 2022)

IN  BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Africa: 26 African countries support UN resolution against Russia

On 13 October, BBC reported 26 African countries voted in favour of a UN resolution rejecting Russia’s referendum on four Ukrainian territories that Moscow declared a part of Russia and 19 countries abstained. Among those who abstained was Eritrea which had previously rejected a resolution condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. In July 2022, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov had visited three countries which abstained - Republic of Congo, Uganda and Ethiopia. (“African countries divided over UN vote against Russia,” Africanews, 13 October 2022)

Sudan: Nine prisoners of war handed over by rebel group

On 13 October, the Sudan People's Liberation Movement North (SPLM-N) handed over nine prisoners of war to Sudan’s ambassador in South Sudan. The ambassador said South Sudan had welcomed the development.  The SLPM-N General Secretary said the nine prisoners, captured in September after clashes in South Sudan’s Kordofan province, were being released on humanitarian grounds. The SPLM-N leader said: “As individuals we don't have problems with them but we have problems with the government.” (Waakhe Simon Wudu, “Sudan rebels hand over prisoners of war, boosting ongoing talks,” Reuters, 13 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Chad: Military leader appoints former opposition leader as PM

On 12 October, President General Mahamat Deby appointed former opposition figure Saleh Kebzabo as the prime minister. Kebzabo defended his decision to accept the appointment and said he believes that Deby is "a young man who believes in democracy." Kebzabo was a strong opponent to Gen Deby’s father and former president Idriss Deby. The latest development comes after Deby was sworn in as the president on 10 October, on a promise to establish civilian rule in Chad, when the national dialogue approved a 24-month political transition instead of 18. (“Chad's Deby taps ex-opposition figure Saleh Kebzabo to head interim cabinet,” France24, 12 October 2022)

South Sudan: Dozens killed in communal violence in Warrap

On 11 October, the Warrap State’s lawmaker said at least 25 people had been killed in clashes between two neighbouring communities over a disputed border in the north. The lawmaker said violence began when youth from the Twic community attacked people from the neighbouring Abyei town; 15 people from the Twic community and 12 people, including women and a child, died from the Abyei side. Both sides accuse each other of encroachment along the border. ( Waakhe Simon Wudu, “At least 25 people killed in South Sudan communal land violence,” Reuters, 12 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: Thousands displaced amid inter-communal violence, says UN

On 11 October, the UN refugee agency said it is alarmed by a deadly inter-communal violence which displaced thousands of people in the west of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Since July, at least 140 people have been killed  in Kwamouth town in Mai Ndombe province.The clashes erupted over a long-running land dispute which escalated when chiefs from the Teke community demanded the Yaka people to pay them more taxes.(“Thousands fleeing violence seek refuge in Congo-Brazzaville - UN,” BBC, 11 October 2022)

Tanzania: Government urges international community to back Burundi repatriations

On 11 October, in a UN refugee agency meeting in Switzerland, Tanzania’s internal affairs minister said that Burundi needed support to encourage and facilitate voluntary repatriation of nearly 120,000 refugees. He said: “In order for this plan to be successful, all has to be restored in Burundi. The most important thing is to support Burundi and make it a favourite for those who seek refuge in Tanzania.” The refugees currently live in two camps in Tanzania’s western Kigoma region near the Burundi border. Humanitarians say Burundian refugees have suffered abuses including arbitrary arrests by Tanzanian officers in cooperation with Burundian authorities. ("Tanzania urges UN nations to back Burundi repatriations," BBC, 11 October 2022)

Ethiopia: Tigrayan political parties says AU unprepared for mediation

On 11 October, three political parties in the Tigray region described the African Union unprepared, unable and ill-equipped to help end the conflict between the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and the federal government. They said the “African solution to African problems” stance by the international community has led to the loss of many lives in Tigray. They also urged the United Nations, the US and the European Union to engage with AU in the peace talks. (“Tigrayan parties criticise AU over Ethiopia mediation,” BBC, 11 October 2022)

Africa: Decades of efforts to reduce hunger being undone, says FAO official

On 10 October, the FAO assistant director general, also the regional representative for Africa, said impacts of climate change, conflict and the global economic slowdown were reversing decades-long efforts to reduce hunger in Africa. The official opined that Africa lacked resilience and mechanisms to address the shocks of climate change, COVID-19 pandemic or the surge of fuel prices due to the war in Ukraine. The African Union Commissioner for Agriculture suggested that Africa should build a sustainable and resilient food system to protect itself against external shocks. (“‘Overlapping shocks’ are undoing efforts to end hunger in Africa, UN warns”,” The Guardian, 11 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Lesotho: Newly formed party wins legislative election

On 10 October, the electoral commission of Lesotho published the final results of the parliamentary elections which  said the Revolution for Prosperity, a new political party, set up six months ago by a millionaire businessman Sam Matekane won the elections. The party secured 56 out of 120 seats but fell short of securing a parliamentary majority. For a decade, Lesotho’s politics have been marred by coup attempts, inflighting within political parties and defection which has often led to fragile coalitions. (“Political rookie’s new party wins Lesotho vote but no majority,” Al Jazeera, 10 October 2022)

Chad: Opposition criticises Deby's appointment as President

On 10 October, General Mahamat Deby was sworn in as the president after a new 24-month transition period was approved in a national dialogue with various rebel groups. Deby would remain in power until October 2024 and will also contest the next elections. The dialogue faced several challenges including a boycott by opposition parties and rebels. The deputy leader of opposition party Les Transformateurs, threatening to establish a parallel government, said Deby's role as president was a case of democratic regression. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Albert Pahimi Padacke resigned from his position as Deby is expected to appoint someone new for the position. (“Chad appoints opposition leader, Kebzabo, as new PM,” Africanews, 10 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya’s President Ruto visits Ethiopia

On 6 October, Kenya’s President William Ruto met with Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed to discuss bilateral cooperation and regional issues and deepen economic and strategic ties. Marking President Ruto’s first visit to Ethiopia after being elected, ongoing conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region is of primary focus. (“Kenya’s President Ruto visits Ethiopia for bilateral meeting,” Africanews, 7 October 2022)

Lesotho: More than 50 parties contests for parliamentary elections

On 7 October, Lesotho, a landlocked country inside South Africa, held its parliamentary elections where more than fifty parties contested hoping to end a long-standing political instability. The political landscape of the country has been dominated by two parties; the All Basotho Convention (ABC) and the Democratic Congress (DC). However, over a decade, no party has won an absolute majority, leading to coalition governments which were frequently marred by splits and defections. ("Lesotho: Polls close after parliamentary vote, counting begins," Africanews, 7 October 2022)

Burundian asylum seekers increasing in Belgium

On 7 August, BBC reported, the Belgium authorities said that the number of Burundian asylum seekers arriving in the country have drastically increased, overwhelming the reception centres. In July, Belgian authorities recorded 263 asylum seekers up from 34 in May to 112 in June. Majority of the asylum seekers are young people seeking a better life in Belgium, as 96 per cent of Burundian asylum cases were accepted last year. (“Eight-fold rise in Burundians seeking Belgium asylum,” BBC, 7 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Burkina Faso: Traore appointed as new president

On 5 October, Captain Ibrahim Traore was appointed as the president days after he overthrew Lt Col Paul-Henri Damiba on 30 September. The spokesperson for the military government announced the appointment and said that Traore would be the “guarantor of national independence, territorial integrity... and continuity of the State." Prior to this, on 4 October, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) held a meeting with Traore and other leaders, wherein the latter said the meeting was held to “make contact with the new transition authorities.” (“Traore officially appointed as president of Burkina Faso after coup,” France24, 6 October 2022)

The Gambia: WHO issues global alert over four cough syrups from India

On 6 October, the WHO issued a global alert on four cough syrups produced by India’s Maiden Pharmaceuticals after 66 children died in The Gambia. The alert said the syrups were potentially linked to the kidney injuries and death of the children. Maintaining that the manufacturer may have used the contaminated material in other products and that they “may have been distributed, through informal markets, to other countries or regions,” the WHO said global exposure was possible. Meanwhile, India has requested the WHO to share evidence of links between the death and the syrups and launched an investigation. (“WHO alert over India-made cough syrups after deaths in The Gambia,” BBC, 6 October 2022)

Half of the world’s terror victims in Africa, says UN official

On 6 October, the head of the UN Office on Drugs and Crime told the UNSC that Africa is witnessing an increased threat of terrorism with millions being deprived of their livelihood due to illegal trafficking. The UN official said that nearly 3,500 victims of terrorism, or half of the victims worldwide, were in sub-Saharan Africa, outlining that the Sahel was “home to some of the most active and deadly terrorist groups.” The UN official said “illegal exploitation of precious metals and minerals” was an income for extremists, and therefore, fuelling extremist groups. She said: “We have established that illegally mined gold and other precious metals are being fed into the legitimate market, providing huge profits for traffickers.” (“Nearly half of world’s terror victims are African, with organised crime increasingly entrenched,” UN News, 6 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Central African Republic: Three peacekeepers killed in blast near Cameroon border

On 3 October, three UN peacekeepers were killed in a roadside bomb blast, near the country’s border with Cameroon in the northwest. The peacekeeping mission, MINUSCA, said the blast took place when one vehicle in the battalion carrying out a patrol hit an explosive. MINUSCA condemned the use of explosive devices by armed groups but did not name any suspected group. (“Roadside bomb kills 3 UN peacekeepers in Central African Republic,” Al Jazeera, 5 October 2022)

Ethiopia: Government and TPLF accept invitation for peace talks

On 5 October, the National Security Adviser to the Prime Minister said the government had accepted the African Union’s invitation for peace talks on the conflict in Tigray. The spokesperson said the invitation met the principles of peaceful resolutions and the government's demands of holding talks without preconditions. Similarly, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) leader said the group would send negotiators to the talks but enquired about the participants, observers and guarantors. (“Ethiopian government, Tigray rebels accept peace talks invitation,” Al Jazeera, 5 October 2022)

Uganda: President removes son as commander of land forces

On 5 October, News24 reported that President Yoweri Museveni had removed Lt Gen Muhoozi Kainerugaba, his son, as the land forces’ commander of the Uganda People's Defence Force. The move followed Kainerugaba’s tweets that started diplomatic differences with Kenya. However, the Defence Ministry said the move was a promotion for Kainerugaba, who will now be a general continue as the head of the senior presidential advisor for special operations  Kainerugaba had tweeted that Uganda’s forces could march into Kenya and capture Nairobi. (Lenin Ndebele, “Uganda's Museveni removes his army general son as 'commander' after Kenya invasion tweets,” News24, 5 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ukraine foreign minister begins Africa tour 

On 4 October, Ukraine Foreign Affairs Minister, Dmytro Kuleba visited Senegal as part of his African tour. Kuleba met with Senegal’s Foreign Minister Aissata Tall Sall and signed several bilateral cooperation deals. Kuleba is said to be on a counteroffensive tour in Africa after Russia’s Sergei Lavrov visited the continent in July. Next year, Russia plans to host the second Russia -Africa summit in Ethiopia. (“Ukraine foreign minister begins Africa tour in Senegal,” BBC, 4 October 2022) 

Nigeria: At least 12 killed by gunmen

On 4 October, BBC reported, Nigerian police said gunmen killed at least 12 people and stole dozens of cattle in the north-eastern state of Taraba. Residents said the attackers disguised themselves as security guards and raided the village of Mobizen. Later, they opened fire on the crowd after pretending to be searching for armed criminals. Violence led by armed criminal groups as well as Islamist insurgents are exacerbating the security situation in the country. (“Nigeria gunmen disguised as guards kill 12 people,” BBC, 4 October 2022)

Ethiopia: Tigray rebels accuse the federal forces and Eritrea of deadly strike

On 4 October, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front accused the Ethiopian and Eritrean forces of killing dozens of people including children in an airstrike. There has been no comments from either the Ethiopian or the Eritrean government side. Humanitarian workers said an air strike in the same area killed at least six people the previous week. The series of incidents came after the satellite image reports of troops and heavy weapons mobilizing near the Eritrea border. (“Rebels accuse Ethiopia and Eritrea of deadly strike,” BBC, 4 October 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: At least nine killed in al Shabab attacks

On 3 October, BBC reported, police in Somalia said at least nine people, including senior regional officials were killed in two car bomb attacks in Central Somali town of Beledweyne. The Islamist group al-Shabab has claimed responsibility for the attack. The attack is said to be a possible retaliation for the killing of a senior al-Shabaab leader the previous week. The Somali government said Abdullahi Nadir, a senior al-Shabaab leader was killed in a drone strike. Recently, Somalia expanded its fight against al-Shabab militancy. (“Car bomb attacks leave nine dead in Somalia,” BBC, 3 October 2022)

Democratic Republic of Congo: At least 14 killed in rebel attack

On 3 October, BBC reported, at least 14 people were killed in a rebel attack on a village in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo. Local officials said the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) fighters entered the village of Kyamata in Ituri province and killed people using machetes. Around 30 houses were torched. The residents said the lack of soldiers in the region is causing the regular attacks. ("Rebels kill 14 villagers in DR Congo machete attack," BBC, 3 October 2022)

Burkina Faso: Country facing emergency in every sector, says the new military leader

On 3 October, Burkina Faso’s new military leader, who seized power through a coup the previous week, said the country is facing an emergency in every sector. He said urgent action is needed in defense, health and infrastructure sectors. On 30 September, army captain Ibrahim Traore led a coup, second this year in the country. Failure to end the jihadist insurgency was used as a reason to justify the coup. ("Burkina Faso facing emergency 'in every sector'," BBC, 3 October 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: Army captain overthrows coup leader Damiba

On 30 September, army captain Ibrahim Traore declared the overthrow of Lt Col Paul-Henri Damiba who had led the military coup in January. Traore justified the decision claiming that Damiba was unsuccessful in addressing the Islamist insurgency in Burkina Faso. Traore further announced the closure of borders and suspension of political activities. The African Union and the Economic Community of West African States condemned the development, terming it unconstitutional. The development comes after 11 soldiers were killed in an attack on a convoy in the country's north on 26 September. (George Wright, “Burkina Faso unrest: Military officers remove leader Damiba," BBC, 30 September 2022, "Burkina Faso: Military officers remove President Damiba in a coup," Al Jazeera, 30 September 2022) 

Ethiopia: At least six killed in airstrikes in Tigray

On 30 September, BBC reported, an aid worker said at least six people were killed in airstrikes in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. The TPLF has accused the Eritrean forces of carrying out the attack. The Eritrean government which is accused of fighting alongside the Ethiopian soldiers has not responded to the allegations. The Tigrayan authorities said air strikes were carried out “repeatedly” and destroyed many houses. The previous week, satellite images by a US company showed troops and heavy artillery were mobilizing along the border between Ethiopia and Eritrea. ("Fresh air strikes kill civilians in Ethiopia's Tigray," BBC, 30 September 2022) 

Tanzania: East African court upholds Maasai eviction

On 30 September, a East African regional court dismissed the case by the Maasai community against the Tanzanian government evicting them from their ancestral land. The East African Court of Justice upheld the government's decision to protect 1,500 square kilometers of land in the Ngorongoro conservation area around Serengeti National Park. The court said the Maasai community failed to prove that the eviction took place outside the park and doesn’t have evidence of violence and brutality during the evictions. The government says that population growth among the Maasai community is disturbing the wildlife. ("East African court upholds controversial Maasai evictions," BBC, 30 September 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: At least six killed by suspected separatists

On 29 September, BBC reported, the Nigerian officials said five soldiers and a civilian were shot dead in the south-eastern state of Anambra. This year alone, more than 100 soldiers were killed in the region as insecurity issues intensified.  A banned armed seperatist group, Indigenous People of Biafra (Ipob), is often blamed for the violence. The group is seeking a separate state and denies carrying out attacks. (“Six shot dead by suspected Biafran separatists,” BBC, 29 September 2022) 

Uganda: Students protest against EU over Uganda oil row

On 29 September, hundreds of students in Uganda protested against the European Union parliament, after it opposed an oil pipeline project with Tanzania. EU parliament passed a resolution against the pipeline project warning human rights abuse and the social and environmental risk. The 1,443 km long pipeline connects from Lake Albert in western Uganda to the Tanga port of Tanzania on the Indian Ocean. (“Students hold anti-EU protest over Uganda oil row,” BBC, 29 September 2022) 

Nigeria: Presidential candidates pledges peaceful campaigns

On 29 September, three top Nigerian presidential candidates signed a “peace” deal to ease tensions during the 2023 election campaigns. Past Nigerian elections have been marred by violence, fraud, legal challenges and ethnic tensions. INEC election commission chairman, Mahmood Yakubu said: “Commitment to a peaceful and issue-based electioneering campaign should resonate beyond presidential candidates.” The upcoming elections replace President Muhammadu Buhari, who is stepping down after two terms. The Country’s struggling economy and insecurity are a major challenge for Buhari's successor. (“Nigerian presidential candidates pledge peaceful campaigns,” Africanews, 29 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: At least 11 killed in jihadist attack

On 28 September, BBC reported, the government said eleven soldiers dies and 50 civilians missing in Burkina Faso in a suspected jihadist attack. A supply convoy escorted by the army was attacked while traveling to the northern town of Djibo. AFP news agency said the government called the incident a “barbaric attack”. The authorities said the attack, which no one has yet claimed responsibility for, has caused significant material damage. On 5 September, in another attack on a convoy, at least 35 civilians were killed and 37 wounded. Both the Islamic State group and al-Qaeda affiliated militant groups are exacerbating the jihadist insurgence in the Sahel region amid France’s Mali withdrawal. (“Burkina Faso attack: 11 soldiers killed in ambush,” BBC, 28 September 2022) 

Ethiopia: Satellite image show military mobilization in Ethiopia-Eritrea border, says US company 

On 28 September, a private US company said satellite images showed military forces mobilizing in towns on either side of Ethiopia's northern border with Eritrea. Images taken on 26 September showed military forces, vehicles and artillery positions in the town of Shiraro. The images taken on 19 September showed the deployment of heavy weaponry in Serha town, near Tigray border. On 13 September, Tigray forces accused the Eritrean troops of shelling Tigrayan towns and taking control of the town of Shiraro. The Ethiopian and Eritrean authorities have not responded to the accusations. (“Satellite images show military build-ups in Ethiopia, Eritrea - Maxar,” Reuters, 28 September 2022)

Mali Prime Minister says it will not respect ECOWAS sanctions on Guinea

On 28 September, the interim prime minister said Mali does not respect and will not apply sanctions imposed by the ECOWAS on Guinea over last year's coup. The previous week the ECOWAS imposed sanctions on Guinea's military government for delaying elections and a democratic transition after seizing power last year. The sanctions included freezing military government official's financial assets and a travel ban to other countries in the region. Mali's interim prime minister, Abdoulaye Maiga said: "Taking into account the solidarity and fraternity between Mali and Guinea, the transitional government has decided to break away from all illegal, inhumane and illegitimate sanctions imposed on (Guinea) and will take no action on them." (“Mali says it will not respect regional sanctions on Guinea,” Reuters, 28 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Uganda: Ebola cases rise, 23 deaths, says WHO

On 27 August, the World Health Organization said 23 people died after the declaration of the Ebola Sudan strain outbreak in Uganda. It said there have been 36 Ebola cases- 18 confirmed and 18 probable cases. The outbreak has now spread to three districts in central Uganda, raising a fear of further spread. Uganda’s health ministry  said: “The Ministry of Health Rapid Response Teams remain on ground to the confirmed cases.”  The East African countries have issued alerts following the announcement of the outbreak. The WHO says the Ebola Sudan strain has a lower fatality rate than Ebola Zaire, a strain that killed 2,300 in Democratic Republic of Congo between 2018 and 2020. (“Uganda Ebola cases rise amid 23 deaths - WHO,” BBC, 27 September 2022)

Nigeria: Catastrophic health crisis in the country, says MSF

On 27 September, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), an international medical charity agency said there is a catastrophic health crisis in north-western Nigeria. It said an extraordinarily large number of children are suffering from acute malnutrition. It added, this year alone, the group has treated nearly 100,000 children with the condition where 17,000 required hospital care. The Humanitarian response towards the region had been poor, with greater attention is given to north-eastern Nigeria which has been going through a long-running Islamist insurgency. (“Nigeria facing health crisis - MSF,” BBC, 27 September 2022)

Sao Tome and Principe: Oppositions win the legislative elections

On 27 September, the National Electoral Commission’s (CEN) preliminary data showed the Independent Democratic Action (ADI), the opposition party, led by former Prime Minister Patrice Trovoada, won the legislative elections in Sao Tome and Principe. According to the CEN data, the ADI won the elections with a total of 36,549 votes. The Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe\Social Democratic Party (MLSTP\PSD) led by the current Prime Minister Jorge Bom Jesus came second with 25,531 votes. Patrice Trovoada, the former Prime Minister of the country and the leader of ADI claimed the victory with majority seats, announcing that he will head the government. (“Sao Tome opposition wins legislative vote,” Africanews, 27 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: At least five died during clashes 

On 26 September, the Defense Post reported, a security source said at least five people were killed and 13 wounded in western Libyan town of Zaouia during a clash between rival forces. The fighting broke out between the group linked to the defense ministry and the other to the interior ministry after a member of one group was killed by the other over a fuel smuggling dispute, which is common in the region. The country has been going through a political crisis amid the clashes between the rival prime ministers Abdulhamid Dbeibah and Fathi Bashagha. (“Five Dead in Western Libya Clashes,” Defense Post, 26 September 2022) 

Tunisia: Anti-government protest against rising food prices

On 26 September, anti-government protests took place in multiple suburbs of the Tunisian capital Tunis. The protesters criticized President Kais Saied for failing to tackle the inflation and rising food prices. In one district in the outskirts of Tunis, police used tear gas to disperse the demonstrators who were blocking the roads. The protest was triggered after the suicide of a local man who was allegedly harassed by police for selling fruit without permission. (“Tunisians protest against high food prices,” BBC, 26 September 2022)

Ethiopia: Drone debris strike UN aid truck

On 26 September, the World Food Programme told the Reuters news agency that debris from a drone strike in Ethiopia’s Tigray region hit an aid truck. A WFP spokesperson said: “Flying debris from the strike injured a driver contracted by WFP and caused minor damage to a WFP fleet truck.” A spokesperson from the Tigray rebel group, TPLF described the incident “an outrageous crime”. Following the incident, the Ethiopian government warned aid organizations against operating in the areas where the government forces are targeting the Tigrayan rebels. (“Ethiopia tells aid groups to avoid active military zones,” BBC, 26 September 2022, “Air strike debris hit aid lorry in Tigray - WFP,” BBC, 26 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Guinea: ECOWAS impose sanctions on military government officials 

On 23 September, the Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) imposed sanctions on the military government officials of Guinea in response to the coup in 2021. The AFP news agency reported, the leaders of the bloc, attending the UN General Assembly, agreed on “gradual sanctions” on a list of individuals in the military government who will be identified “very soon”. The Guinean junta say they need three years to return democracy and they are unhappy with Ecowas’s demand for faster transition. Guinea was suspended from the bloc following the coup. ("West African bloc imposes sanctions on Guinean junta," BBC, 23 September 2022)

South Sudan: Rape so common, women no longer bothered, says UN

On 23 August, a United Nations human rights team said rape has become a common incident in South Sudan in a way that women are no longer bothered to report repeated sexual abuses. Besides, the victims lack access to medical and trauma care, including those who have been gang raped multiple times. Yasmin Sooka, the chairperson of the team said: “Just imagine what it means to be raped by multiple armed men, pick yourself up for the sake of your children an then for it to happen again and again and again.” The team have been participating in meetings at the UN General Assembly to speak about the situation in South Sudan. ("South Sudan rape so common women do not report it - UN," BBC, 23 August 2022)

Uganda: Ebola death toll rise to three

On 23 September, the health ministry of Uganda said three more people died of Ebola virus bringing the total number to four since the announcement of the outbreak. The World Health Organization said the Ebola Sudan strain, which currently spreads in Uganda, is less transmissible and has a lower fatality rate than Ebola Zaire. Between 2018 and 2020, the Ebola Zaire strain killed more than 2,000 people in Democratic Republic of Congo. ("Uganda Ebola death toll jumps by three,"  BBC, 23 September 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Somalia: 27 Al Shabab fighters killed in US airstrike

On 21 September, the US military said 27 Al Shabab fighters had been killed in an air strike in the Hiran region. The US Africa Command (AFRICOM) said the deceased were militants attempting to overthrow the West-backed government in Somalia and implement stricter Islamic law. Reuters quoted from the AFRICOM statement: “The defensive strikes allowed the Somali National Army and African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) forces to regain the initiative and continue the operation to disrupt al Shabaab in the Hiraan region of central Somalia.” (“U.S. says it kills 27 al Shabaab militants in Somalia air strike,” Reuters, 22 September 2022)

South Sudan: UN Secretary General seeks report on sexual abuse allegations in UN-run camp

On 22 September, UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres called for an urgent report on the revelations of sexual abuse by aid workers in a UN camp in South Sudan. The allegations were revealed by an investigation by Al Jazeera and The New Humanitarian wherein survivors recalled experiences of abuse, including rape of minors, at the hands of aid workers from the World Food Programme, World Vision, International Organization of Migration, and Doctors without Borders (MSF) agencies. Guterres’s spokesperson said: “The Secretary-General is appalled by these allegations of sexual exploitation and abuse which causes irreparable harm to victims and their families.” (“UN boss seeks ‘urgent report’ after S Sudan sex abuse allegations,” Al Jazeera, 22 September 2022)

Ethiopia: EU criticises movement of Eritrean troops into Tigray

On 22 September, BBC reported EU's criticism of the alleged movement of Eritrean troops across the Ethiopian border into Tigray. The EU foreign affairs chief called on all parties to forget military solutions and instead join efforts to benefit all populations. Previously, on 20 September, the US envoy had condemned the fighting and the Eritrean fighters’ crossing into Tigray, after the region’s spokesperson claimed that Eritrean forces were fighting alongside Ethiopian forces in Tigray. (“EU criticises Eritrea's reported offensive in Tigray,” BBC, 22 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Chad: At least 19 killed in farmer-herder fighting

On 21 September, Reuters reported a government spokesperson’s announcement that at least 19 people were killed and over 20 injured in clashes between nomadic herders and sedentary farmers in the Moyen-Chari region of southern Chad. The news report explained that such clashes are common wherein the farmers accuse the herders of grazing animals on the latter’s lands.  The latest fighting took place across five villages over three days. (“At least 19 killed in south Chad in clashes between farmers, herders,” Reuters, 21 September 2022)

Tunisia: Ghannouchi released after interrogation

On 21 September, BBC reported that the Ennahda party leader Rached Ghannouchi had been released by the counter-terrorism police after a night-long interrogation. Ghannouchi had been accused of smuggling jihadi fighters to Syria and Iraq. Meanwhile, the Ennahda party criticised the detention and interrogation of Ghannouchi and that of former prime minister Ali Laarayedh, terming the moves a violation of human rights. (“Tunisia releases opposition leader after questioning,” BBC, 21 September 2022)

Ethiopia: Government rejects UN report on Tigray

On 21 September, BBC reported Ethiopia’s rejection of a UN commission report which claimed that Ethiopia’s national army had carried out large-scale killings in Tigray. Ethiopia dismissed the claims terming the report “incomplete, incoherent and unsubstantiated,” and said it was released with an intention to demonise Ethiopia. The government further said the report was “a manifestly political statement issued under the guise of an investigation report.” (“Ethiopia rejects UN report on Tigray atrocities,” BBC, 21 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: More than 300 killed in heavy rains since July

On 20 September, BBC reported that since July over 300 people had died and 100,000 people displaced in torrential rains. The rains had impacted 29 of the 36 states; the National Emergency Management Agency said Nigeria is likely to experience more floods in the upcoming weeks and therefore, called on state governments to evacuate people from flood-prone areas. The news report said that along with heavy rains, the floods were caused by the release of excess water from dams within Nigeria and neighbouring Cameroon. (Ishaq Khalid, “Nigeria floods kill hundreds of people,” BBC, 20 September 2022)

Ethiopia: TPLF accuses Eritrea of launching big offensive in Tigray

On 20 September, a spokesperson from Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) said the Eritrean troops have launched a full-scale offensive in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. He said: “Eritrea is deploying its entire army as well as reservists. Our forces are heroically defending their positions.” Meanwhile, the US has condemned the Eritrean presence in Tigray. The US envoy to the region, Mike Hammer said: “They’re extremely concerned and we condemn it. The presence of Eritrean troops in Ethiopia only serves to complicate matters, and inflame an already tragic situation.” Both the Eritrean and Ethiopian governments have not yet commented on the accusations. (“Eritrea starts big offensive in Ethiopia's Tigray region - TPLF,” BBC, 20 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Somalia: More than 100 militants killed in army operations

On 19 September, a press release from the Ministry of Information, Culture and Tourism said that the Somali National Army (SNA) had killed over 100 members of Al Shabab. The press release said the casualties were recorded during the SNA’s operations, conducted with the US’s air support, in Yasoman and Aborey in Hiran region. On 18 September, the army said over 75 militants had been killed in a joint operation with clan militia. In response, an Al Shabab spokesperson said the group would retaliate to the involvement of clan militia. (“Somalia says over 100 militants killed in operations,” BBC, 20 September 2022)

Chad: Foreign Minister resigns amid talks with rebels

On 19 September, Foreign Minister Cherif Mahamat Zene announced his resignation citing disagreement with senior leaders amid the government’s efforts to engage with rebel groups in Doha. Zene wrote a letter to the President saying his willingness to serve Chad was “at odds with parallel actions and initiatives of certain members” of the government and the cabinet. Zene said certain developments “had stripped his department of its prerogatives” limiting him to a “mere background role.” (“Chad foreign minister resigns as government engages rebels in talks,” Reuters, 19 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: At least 50 villagers abducted by gunmen

On 16 September, BBC reported, at least 50 villagers were abducted from Nigeria’s Katsina state. According to the residents, the attackers rode in on motorcycles, started shooting, leaving one person dead and at least seven others injured. A police spokesperson said the security forces clashed with the gunmen, but failed to prevent the kidnapping. The authorities said actions are being taken to track down the assailants and free the captives. President Muhammadu Buhari has been facing severe criticism for the Nigerian government’s inability to address the insecurity issues including the frequent kidnappings for ransom. (“Gunmen abduct dozens of villagers in northern Nigeria,” BBC, 16 September 2022)

Uganda condemns EU resolution opposing oil project

On 16 September, the Ugandan parliament condemned the EU parliament passing a resolution urging Tanzania and Uganda to halt the development of their oil and gas project in the East African region. Uganda’s deputy speaker, Thomas Tayebwa said the resolution was based on deliberate misinterpretation of facts on the environment and Human Rights protection. He said it is a higher level of imperialism and neo-colonialism violating the sovereignty of Tanzania and Uganda. The East African Crude Oil Pipeline (Eacop) project, which spans 1,443 km (896 miles) from Lake Albert in western Uganda to the Tanzanian port of Tanga on the Indian Ocean will be the world's longest heated oil pipeline when it is finished. (“Uganda condemns EU opposition to oil project,” BBC, 16 September)

South Africa: Biden and Ramaphosa pledges to strengthen US-South Africa ties

On 16 September, US President Joe Biden acclaimed South Africa as a “vital voice” while the country’s President Cyril Ramaphosa visited Washington for talks with Biden on the climate crisis, trade and Ukraine war. President Biden said: “Our partnership is essential in addressing many of the world’s pressing challenges … and South Africa is a vital voice on the global stage.” Ramaphosa expressed gratitude to the US for its “considerate support” on the COVID 19 pandemic while he met with Vice President Kamala Harris. He added, Washington has a “key role” to play on security issues in Africa. The South African president said: “The visit really is about strengthening the relationship between South Africa and the United States.'' The US Vise President said the leaders discussed strategies to respond to the climate crisis and efforts each country has taken on global health. She said: “They also agreed to cooperate closely on matters of peace and security affecting the continent. (“Biden and Ramaphosa vow to strengthen US-South Africa ties,” Al Jazeera, 16 September 2022)

 Nigeria and Morocco sign agreement to construct gas pipeline

On 16 September, Morocco and Nigeria signed an agreement to construct a major gas pipeline from south east Nigeria across the Sahara and through other 15 African countries. The 7,000 km long pipeline originating from Brass Island will connect with the Maghreb European pipeline in Morocco. The Nigerian National Petroleum Company (NNPC) said that the project will improve living standards, mitigate desertification in west Africa as well as provide a new export route to Europe. The project is expected to supply nearly three billion cubic feet of gas per day. (“Nigeria and Morocco sign gas pipeline agreement,” BBC, 16 September)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Angola: Joao Laurence sworn in as President, pledges economic reforms

On 15 September, Joao Laurence sworn in as Angola's president for a second five year term. During the inaugural speech he said: “Congratulations for the patriotism and high degree of tolerance and civility shown in what are already considered the most disputed general elections in the history of the young Angolan democracy.” He claimed that Angola had chosen “continuity” and would be assured of “stability” by electing him and his party, pointing to greater economic liberalization in the country. He also promised to reform the private sector, goods and service sector and fight youth unemployment. The major opposition party, the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola UNITA said in a statement: “This setup aims to intimidate citizens who want to demonstrate against the election results on the day of the inauguration of the president without legitimacy. (“Angola’s Lourenco pledges more economic reforms at swearing-in,” Al Jazeera, 15 September 2022)

Ethiopia: EU says drone strikes risk ‘fragile hope’

On 15 September, the European Union said the series of air strikes in Ethiopia’s Tigray region endanger “a very fragile hope for peace.” The previous week, at least 10 people were killed and 18 were injured in a series of drone strikes in the city of Mekelle. The TPLF accused the Ethiopian government for the attack. The EU, in a statement urged both parties to end the violence and negotiate a permanent ceasefire. It also said the role of Eritrea continues to impede peace efforts. The TPLF forces accuse the Eritrean forces of supporting the Ethiopian troops in the renewed fighting. Neither the Ethiopian nor the Eritrean government has commented on the accusations. (“EU says drone strikes risk Ethiopia 'fragile hope',” BBC, 15 September 2022)

Ivory Coast denounces Mali “unacceptable blackmail”

On 14 September, Ivory Coast top security organ held a meeting chaired by President Alasane Ouattara, to discuss the 46 Ivorian soldiers detained in Mali since 10 July. In a statement, the National Security Council (NSC) denounced the “unacceptable blackmail” of the Malian authorities for asking for the repatriation of Mali people exiled in Ivory Coast in exchange for the release of the Ivorian soldiers. The CNS said it has asked the foreign affairs ministry to refer the issue to the West African Regional Bloc (ECOWAS). The Ivorian authorities say Mali’s demands confirm that the detained soldiers are held hostages. On 15 August, the soldiers were accused by the Malian judiciary for attempting to disturb the security of the state. However, the Ivorian authorities said they were on a mission for the UN peacekeeping mission in Mali (Minsuma). (“Ivory Coast denounces Mali 'blackmail'”, BBC, 15 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ghana: economic issues worsen with rising inflation

On 14 September, BBC reported, the Ghana Statistical Service released a report on the country’s economy which continues to worsen day by day. According to the reports, the rate of inflation in the country rose to 33.9 per cent in August, up from 31.7 per cent in July. The cost of housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels increased over 46 per cent. Mismanagement and corruption is popularly perceived as attributes of the economic situation. However, the government says the effects of the COVID 19 pandemic and the Ukraine crisis is behind the downturn. ("Ghana economic woes deepen with rising inflation," BBC, 14 September 2022) 

Ethiopia: Tigray fighters losing control of towns, says TPLF

On 14 September, TPLF army commander said the Tigrayan fighters in war-torn northern Ethiopia lost control of a town near the Eritrean border. He told a regional news agency that joint Ethiopian and Eritrean troops have taken the Sheraro town. He also said the federal forces had taken control of Addi Arkay, a town between the borders of Tigray and the neighboring Amhara region. Neither governments have yet commented on the reports. He added the government forces have plans “to control Axum, Adigrat, Shire and enter Mekelle” and the ultimate goal was “to disarm” Tigrayan forces. Earlier this week, the TPLF had accused the government of conducting a series of airstrikes in Mekelle that reported civilian casualties. The move came after the Tigrayan forces agreed to take part in peace talks mediated by the African Union. ("Tigray fighters losing ground - TPLF general," BBC, 14 September 2022) 

Kenya: Government plans to cut ties with SADR, says President Ruto

On 14 September, the new Kenyan President William Ruto said his government plans to cut ties with Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR). He said the country supports the United Nations framework as the mechanism to find solutions for the issues in Western Sahara. The announcement came shortly after His Majesty King Mohammed VI of Morocco congratulated Ruto for his victory. SADR has been provoking a transition from a semi-autonomous territory to self-rule. However, Morocco strongly opposed the attempt for the region to decide its future through a referendum. ("Kenya cuts links with Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic," BBC, 14 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Zimbabwe: UN’s WFP planning food relief for 700,000 people

On 13 September, the UN’s World Food Programme (WFP) official said that it was planning a food relief programme for 700,000 people in Zimbabwe who are affected by a poor harvest and the Ukraine war. WFP told the Reuters agency that it is working with the Zimbabwe’s government to provide food aid for 3.8 million people. The government said that the staple maize harvest would fall by nearly half this year, to 1.56 million tonnes from last year's 2.72 million tonnes due to failed consecutive rainy seasons. Annually, the country requires 2.2 million tonnes of maize for human and livestock consumption. ("UN’s WFP plans food relief for 700,000 people in Zimbabwe," Al Jazeera, 13 September 2022) 

Ethiopia: at least 10 died in air strikes in Tigray

On 13 September, Al Jazeera reported, a hospital said that at least 10 people have been killed in a series of airstrikes in Mekelle. The TPLF has accused the Ethiopian military for the attack. There were no responses to the air strikes by the Ethiopian government. The attack came a day after the TPLF announced that it is willing to hold peace talks led by the African Union. However, the Ethiopian government, which has long insisted on peace talks brokered by the AU, have not yet responded to the TPLF’s announcements. ("Ten dead in second day of air raids in Ethiopia’s Tigray region," Al Jazeera, 13 September 2022) 

Somalia: Half million children in the country faces worst famine, says UNICEF

On 13 September, the UN’s children agency said that more than 500,000 children in Somalia who are under five are expected to suffer severe acute malnutrition and risk death from famine. James Elder, spokesperson for the UN’s children’s agency UNICEF said: “We’ve got more than half a million children facing preventable death. It’s a pending nightmare.” In August, the UN has warned that parts of Somalia will be facing famine in coming months as the Horn of Africa region faces severe drought followed by a fifth failed consecutive rainy season. ("Half a million Somali children face hunger in world's worst famine this century," Reuters, 13 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: AU welcomes TPLF’s decision to take part in peace talks

On 12 September, the African Union welcomed the announcement by the Tigrayan rebels that they are willing to take part in peace negotiations. The head of the AU Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat said that it was a unique opportunity to end the conflict and urged the government and the rebels to enforce an immediate ceasefire. Tigrayan rebel leaders were against an AU led mediation, instead favored outgoing Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta to lead the talk. On 11 September, the Tigrayan leaders said that they were ready to participate in  peace talks led by the African Union. However, there has been no response from the Ethiopian government.  In August, the fighting between the federal forces and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) resumed, destroying the five months ceasefire. ("AU welcomes Tigray call for Ethiopia peace talks," BBC, 12 September 2022) 

 Nigeria: at least nine people died in flooding in northern Jigawa state

On 12 September, BBC reported, the authorities said that at least 9 people have been killed and two others missing following severe flooding in northern Jigawa state of Nigeria. The local leaders said that many homes and farms have been destroyed by the flood which affected at least seven villages in the Ringim area. The floods followed by the torrential rains displaced hundreds. The Nigerian government said that more than 500,000 people have been affected by a series of floods across the country. (“Nine killed in northern Nigeria floods,” BBC, 12 September 2022)

DR Congo: Uganda pays USD 65 million as reparations

On 12 September, the Democratic Republic Congo authorities said that Uganda had handed over USD 65 million in the first installment of a fine it was ordered to pay as compensation for losses caused by wars in the 1990s when the Ugandan troops invaded Congolese territory. The Ugandan finance ministry spokesperson Apollo Munghinda said: “It's true we have paid USD 65 million as the first installment.” In February, the International Court of Justice ordered Uganda to pay USD 325 million as reparations. It covers USD 225 million for damages to persons, USD 40 million for damages to property and USD 60 million for looted resources. In 2005, the ICJ said that civilians were killed and tortured and villages were destroyed after Ugandan troops invaded DRC. Along with Rwanda, Uganda was supporting rebels trying to overthrow the late president Laurent Kabila. Two million people were killed and thousands were displaced during the conflict. ("Uganda pays first installment of $325m war reparations to DRC," Al Jazeera, 12 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Dozens killed in jihadist attack

On 9 September, Africanews reported, the local officials said that dozens of civilians were killed the previous week in Talataye, a town in north-eastern Mali. The attack was reportedly carried out by EIGS fighters who have ties with the Islamic State organization. A local official said that 45 civilians were killed, while an Movement for the Salvation of Azawad (MSA) fighter said the death toll is 30. The exact casualties remain unknown. Since 6 September, militants from the EIGS group, the al-Qaeda-affiliated group JNIM/GSIM and armed organizations including the Tuareg dominated MSA have been allegedly fighting in the region. It is the first time Talataye town has suffered a large-scale attack by Islamic State. (“Dozens of civilians killed in eastern Mali,” Africanews, 9 September 2022)

Mozambique: EU to provide military aid

On 9 September, the head of European diplomacy announced military aid to Mozambique aiming to help the country face “terrorism”. During his two-day visit to Mozambique, in the capital Maputo, he met with President Filipe Nyusi and Foreign Minister Veronic Macamo, held a press conference to “express the commitment and solidarity of the EU with Mozambique in its fight against terrorism.” He said that the EU has approved an additional EUR 15 million in military aid to support the fight against jihadist instabilities in province of Cabo Delgado. Nyusi welcomed the EU’s support and Macamo described the Euro-Mozambican relationship as “excellent”. Since 2017, the jihadist attacks has intensified in the country killing nearly 4,000 people and caused 820,000 people to flee. ("EU boosts military aid to Mozambique after jihadist attacks," Africanews, 9 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Burundi: President replaces PM after suspected coup attempts

On 7 September, President Evariste Ndayishimiye replaced Prime Minister Alain-Guillaume Bunyoni with Security Minister Gervais Ndirakobuca. Bunyoni and the Chief of Staff General Gabriel Nizigama were sacked in a reshuffle and Ndirakobuca secured the support of all 113 lawmakers. Ndirakobuca is under EU sanctions for his suspected role in the violence against government opponents during the unrest in 2015. Al Jazeera explains that the violence was launched by Ndayishimiye’s predecessor, leaving 1200 dead, and drawing sanctions from the US and the EU. (“Burundi president names new PM after coup plot claims,” Al Jazeera, 8 September 2022)

More than half a million lives lost to drought incidents, says WMO report

On 8 September, the World Meteorological Organization released the “State of the Climate in Africa 2021” report outlining the water stress in the continent. The report raised concerns over droughts, disrupted rainfall, devastating floods, disappearing of glaciers and shrinking of lakes. The report estimated that by 2030, around 700 million in Africa would be displaced due to the water stress. The report observed that over the last 50 years, more than half a million lives were lost to drought-related tragedies. Increased temperature also led to a 34 per cent fall in agricultural productivity growth in Africa since 1961, the highest across all regions in the world. (“WMO: Climate change in Africa can destabilize ‘countries and entire regions’,”  8 September 2022)

Number of children missing school increasing in Sub-Saharan Africa

On 8 September, BBC quoted UNESCO and reported that Sub-Saharan Africa is the only region where the number of children and young people dropping out of school is on the rise. The current number of children and young people out of school in Africa stands at 98 million. Nigeria accounts for 20 million of the above figure, followed by Ethiopia at 10.5 million, Democratic Republic of the Congo at 5.9 million and Kenya with 1.8 million. (Brian Osweta, “Children missing school in sub-Saharan Africa rising,” BBC, 8 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Tunisia: Opposition announces boycott of December elections

On 7 September, Tunisia’s main opposition alliance, the National Salvation Front, announced a boycott of the parliamentary elections scheduled for December. The head of the Front Ahmed Nejib Chebbi said the decision was a response to the electoral law framed by President Kais Saied “alone” in the latter’s “coup against constitutional legitimacy.” If held, the elections would be the first in over a year and a half, after Saied suspended the assembly and dismissed the government in 2021. (“Tunisia opposition to boycott polls, slams electoral law written 'by president alone',” France24, 7 September 2022)

Cameroon: Six killed in suspected separatist attack

On 6 September, the head of a regional hospital said at least six civilians were killed and eight were wounded after suspected Anglophone separatists opened fire on a bus. The bus was travelling from Douala to Kumba. A parliamentarian for the constituency confirmed the attack, but did not announce the death toll. (Amindeh Blaise Atabong, “At least six civilians killed after Cameroon separatists open fire on bus,” Reuters, 7 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Burkina Faso: 35 killed in IED blast

On 5 September, 35 civilians were killed and 37 injured in northern Burkina Faso in an IED explosion. The victims were traveling to the capital city Ouagadougou in a convoy escorted by the army when one of the vehicles ran over an IED between Djibo and Bourzanga area. The development comes after 15 soldiers were killed in a double IED blast in early August in the same area. (“Dozens killed, injured in attack in northern Burkina Faso,” France24, 6 September 2022)

Angola: Court rejects opposition party’s bid challenging the election results

On 6 September, Angola’s constitutional court rejected the UNITA party’s petition to annul the election results. The court ruled that the part0079’s complaint did not meet the requirements to nullify the election results. The UNITA leader, Adalberto Costa Junior said that his party “did not recognize the final results” by the election commission. On Facebook, he said: “The MPLA did not win the election … we have been in peace for 20 years, and we now need to embrace a true democratic rule of law.”  The MPLA, which has been in power for 50 years, secured a narrow majority with 51 per cent votes, handing President Joao Lourenco a second term. ("Angola court rejects opposition bid to annul election," BBC, 6 September 2022, "Angolan opposition files legal challenge, seeks annulment of vote," Al Jazeera, 2 September 2022) 

Somalia: UN says, around 730 children died of malnutrition

On 6 September, Africanews reported, the United Nations said that around 730 children have died in nutrition centers across Somalia since January. It warned that the true figure could be much higher as the country reached a severe famine. Wafaa Saeed, the Somalia representative for the UN children's agency UNICEF said: "Malnutrition has reached an unprecedented level. Around 730 children are reported to have died in nutrition centers across the country." She added that nearly 1.5 million children, nearly half aged under five are at risk of acute malnutrition. Among which, 385,000 needed treatment for severe acute malnutrition. In June, the World Bank estimated that nearly 66.4 million people in the Horn of Africa are experiencing food crises and food emergencies. Affected by the worst drought in 40 years and failed consecutive rainy seasons added with global food crisis after the Ukraine war has exacerbated the condition in the region. ("UN: Around 730 children dead In Somalia nutrition centres," Africanews, 6 September 2022) 

Chad: Heavy rainfall leaves capital city and other areas flooded

On 6 September, Reuters reported Chad was experiencing the heaviest rainfall in 30 years, leaving parts of the capital city N’Djamena flooded and accessible by boats only and displacing thousands from their homes since August. The news report suggested that though rains are common from May to October, the current rainfall was early and abundant, thereby overwhelming the drainage systems and ponds. With this, Chad joined the countries in West and Central Africa which experienced above-normal rainfall in the same time period. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs said that by the end of August, 442,000 people had been affected by floods. (Mahamat Ramadane, “Thousands battle 'catastrophic' floods after Chad's heaviest rains in 30 years,” Reuters, 6 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Kenya: Odinga welcomes but disagrees with Supreme Court decision on elections

On 5 September, former prime minister and presidential candidate Raila Odinga accepted the Supreme Court’s decision to nullify his petition challenging William Ruto’s victory in the presidential elections. Odinga tweeted: “We respect the opinion of the court although we vehemently disagree with their decision today.” Previously on the same day, the Supreme Court unanimously upheld Ruto’s victory; Chief Justice Martha Koome said the court did not find proof that the results were tampered by hacking the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission’s servers. (“Odinga accepts but disagrees with court decision on Kenya election,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2022)

Somalia: Famine is "at the door", UN warns

On 5 September, UN’s humanitarian chief, Martin Griffiths warned, famine is “at the door” in parts of Somalia. During a press conference in the capital, Mogadishu, he said that there are concrete indications of famine that could occur in south-central Somalia between October and December. According to the aid agencies, the worst drought and four failed rainy seasons have displaced more than one million people in the Horn of Africa region. The UN World Food Programme has estimated that 22 million people in Kenya, Ethiopia and Somalia are at risk of severe hunger. (“Famine knocking on Somalia's door, UN warns,” BBC, 5 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: At least 55 killed in Oromia region

On 2 September, residents in western Ethiopia said that at least 55 people were killed in the Oromia region. They claim that the Fano militia- affiliated with the Amhara ethnic group is responsible for the attack. As the civil war in the northern part of the country has resumed, ending five-months truce, violent attacks keep erupting in various parts of the country. The UN and the US have raised concerns and called for "immediate ceasefire". (“Fear as dozens killed in Ethiopia's Oromia attacks,” BBC, 2 September 2022)

Angola: the opposition files legal challenge against MPLA winning elections

On 2 September, Angola main opposition party Unita filed a case in the constitutional court challenging the last month’s election results in which the ruling People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) was declared the winner. The Unita leader, Adalberto Costa Junior said that his party “did not recognize the final results” by the election commission. In his facebook page he said: “The MPLA did not win the election … we have been in peace for 20 years, and we now need to embrace a true democratic rule of law.”  The MPLA, which has been in power for 50 years, secured a narrow majority with 51 per cent votes, handing President Joao Lourenco a second term. ("Angolan opposition files legal challenge, seeks annulment of vote," Al Jazeera, 2 September 2022)

Sudan: Seven killed in renewed tribal clashes

On 2 September, Africanews reported, Sudan’s Suna news agency said that seven people have been killed and 23 wounded after a renewed tribal clash in Blue Nile state. Mohammed Mokhtar, a resident told AFP news agency said: “shooting and house burning have been taking place since morning.” In July, nearly 105 people were killed in a clash between Hausa and Barta tribes which later agreed to a ceasefire and promised to renegotiate a lasting peace. The conflict between the two tribes has been prevailing for years over the ownership of land. (“Sudan: seven dead in new tribal clashes in Blue Nile,” Africanews, 2 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia-Tigray war: The resumption of conflict, violence spreads to multiple regions

On 1 September, Tigray forces accused the government and its Eritrean allies of launching "massive offensives" In the north-west region in Ethiopia. The same day, the government called the TPLF a "terrorist group" and said "the duty of halting from its destructive activities has fallen on the government and people of Ethiopia." Meanwhile, UK's Africa minister, Vicky Ford said: "The return of fighting in Ethiopia's civil war is catastrophic for the people of Ethiopia. The renewed conflict risks deepening the already dire humanitarian situation. Twenty two months since fighting first began, it is clear that there is no military solution." The fighting continues to intensify and spread to other regions after the resumption of the conflict, following a five-month truce.(“Rebels accuse Ethiopia of 'massive' Tigray offensive,” BBC, 1 September 2022, “Fresh Ethiopia fighting is catastrophic for the people - UK,” BBC, 1 September 2022, “Ethiopia government 'has duty' to halt Tigrayan attacks,” BBC, 1 September 2022)

Mozambique: five killed in jihadist attacks

On 1 September BBC reported, five villagers were killed, many abducted and more than 100 burnt in two separate jihadist attack in Accuabe district of Mozambique’s northern Cabo Delgado province. On 31 August, three men were beheaded in Megaruma village. Also, there are reports of abductions in different areas. The incidents have caused unrest and tension in Megaruma, Metro and surrounding regions.("UN: Around 730 children dead In Somalia nutrition centres,” BBC, 1 September 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

DRC: At least 14 killed in rebel attack in eastern DR Congo

On 31 August Al Jazeera reported, a local human rights group said that at least 14 were killed and more than dozens were kidnapped in an attack in Ituri province of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. An army spokesperson blames the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a Ugandan militia having allegiance to the ISIL group, for the attack. Military spokesperson Antony Mwalushayi said that the army killed five fighters and rescued a five year old girl who had been kidnapped. The military group ADF carries out frequent deadly attacks in villages in easetrn Congo despite the joint efforts by the Congolese and Ugandan armies. ("At least 14 dead in rebel attacks in eastern DR Congo," Al Jazeera, 31 August 2022) 

Ethiopia: Tigray forces accuses government forces conducting drone strikes in Mekelle

On 31 August, BBC reported, Tigrayan forces in Ethiopia’s northern region accused the government of conducting drone strikes in regional capital Mekelle. The government has not yet responded to the allegations. However, the previous week,  it warned people to stay away from military targets. The UN said that the airstrikes conducted the previous week in Mekelle killed civilians including children. A Tigrayan official said that three bombs were dropped in the city and hospital was targeted in the latest strikes. The communication blackout in the region has made it difficult to get further information. Meanwhile, the fighting continues to intensify and spread to other regions after the resumption of the conflict, following a five-month truce. ("Tigray forces say hospital targeted in drone strikes," BBC, 31 August 2022) 

Mali: At least 50 Malian civilians killed in military operation, says UN mission

On 31 August, the UN said that at least 50 Malian civilians were killed by Malian soldiers in a military operation on 19 April, aided by what it called "foreign" military personnel. The UN's mission in Mali, Minusma said that the incident happened in Hombori municipality in the central Douentza region after a military convoy was attacked. Minusma stated: "At least 50 civilians (including a woman and a child) were killed and more than 500 others arrested." The military did not respond to the allegations. Though the foreign fighters were not specified, Russian mercenaries are active in the country after France withdrew its troops amid tensions. ("Dozens of civilians killed in April by Mali’s army: UN report," Al Jazeera, 31 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Madagascar: At least 18 died in police firing

On 30 August, Al Jazeera reported, at least 18 people were killed in Madagascar after the police opened fire on protesters demonstrating over the kidnapping of a child with albinism. People with albinism are regularly the target of violence in the country. According to the UN, more than a dozen were abducted, attacked and murdered in the past two years.  In the previous week, Four suspects were arrested, following the abduction of the child. However, the residents forced their way into the police station, armed with blades and machetes demanding that suspects be handed over, which triggered the clash. (“Madagascar police shoot 18 dead in albino kidnap protest: Medic,” Al Jazeera, 30 August 2022)

The UN chartered Ukrainian ship for the Horn of Africa arrives in Djibouti

On 30 August, the World Food Programme reported that a United Nations chartered ship loaded with Ukrainian wheat for millions at risk of starvation in Ethiopia arrived in Djibouti. The bulk carrier MV Brave Commander carrying 23,000 tonnes of grain reached the Horn of Africa port two weeks after leaving Black Sea port in Ukraine. WFP executive director, David Beasley said on Twitter: “We have officially docked! The first WFP ship to carry Ukrainian grain since February has just arrived in Djibouti. Now, let's get this wheat offloaded and on to Ethiopia.” The previous month, the UN agency reported that 20.4 million people in Ethiopia are in need of food support because of the worst drought and global food crisis amid the war in Ukraine. ("First Ukraine ship for Horn of Africa docks in Djibouti port – UN," Al Jazeera, 30 August 2022) 

Ethiopia: Aid delivery to Tigray suspended, says UN

On 30 August, the UN said that the humanitarian aid delivery efforts to the northern Ethiopian region of Tigray have been suspended after the resumption of fighting the previous week. The violence erupted is currently concentrated in the neighboring Amhara region is worsening besides calls for de-escalation. The UN says, aid delivery by road transport and flights transporting aid workers to Tigray has been suspended. Meanwhile, a UN team of international human rights experts set up to probe allegations of abuses in Ethiopia said it is “outraged” about the renewed hostilities and called for an end to the violence. (Kalkidan Yibeltal, "UN says aid delivery to Tigray suspended," BBC, 30 August 2022) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: At least 32 killed as clashes broke out between rival governments

On 28 August, the UN called for an immediate ceasefire to hostilities following deadly clashes between two political factions. The UN’s Libya mission said that the fighting had included “indiscriminate medium and heavy shelling in civilian populated neighborhoods'' and called for an immediate ceasefire, which has been backed by the US ambassador to Libya. On 27 August, the health ministry of Libya said that at least 32 people were killed and 159 wounded in a clash between two political factions in Tripoli. The ministry added that  hospitals and medical centers were shelled and ambulances were blocked from evacuating the wounded, in acts that “amount to war crimes”. Nearly 64 families had to be evacuated from the area. Since the 2011 uprising that ousted the long-serving ruler Colonel Muammar Gaddafi, Libya has been in chaos. However, the past two year have been relatively calm. The UN backed Government of National Unity (GNU) said: “The clashes were triggered by a military group firing randomly at a convoy passing in the Zawia Street area, while armed groups were gathering at the 27th gate west of Tripoli and the Jebs Gate south of Tripoli.” The country’s interim Prime Minister and head of GNU, Abdulhamid Dbeibeh is based in Tripoli and the rival government led by Prime Minister Fathi Bashaga is seated in the eastern parliament. Bashagha has been trying to take over Tripoli claiming GNU is illegal. While GNU has refused and claimed power should be handed peacefully through elections, not force. (Alys Davies, “Libya clashes: UN calls for ceasefire after 32 killed,”  BBC, 28 August 2022, “At least 32 people dead following violent clashes between rival militias in Libyan capital of Tripoli,” CNN, 29 August 2022)

Japan announces USD 30 billion to Africa during the TICAD8 in Tunisia

On 27 August, Japan held the eighth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD8) in Tunisia, pledged USD 30 billion in aid for development in Africa, aiming to work closely with the continent. During the summit, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida said Tokyo would work to ensure grain supply to Africa amid global shortage. He said: “If we give up on a rules-based society and permit unilateral changes of the status quo by force, the impact of that will extend not only through Africa, but all the world.” In the opening speech at the conference, Tunisisan President Kais Saied urged to “search together for ways for African peoples to achieve the hopes and dreams of the first generation after independence.” The summit gave president Saied biggest international platform after broadening his powers enshrined through a constitutional referendum that opposition lebells a coup. (“Japan pledges $30bn in aid for Africa at Tunisia conference,” Al Jazeera, 27 August 2022)

Sierra Leone: Six people killed in flash floods in capital Freetown

On 29 August, BBC reported, at least six people have been killed after torrential rains caused flash floods and landslides in parts of Sierra Leone’s capital Freetown. The landslides swept away houses in Looking Town, Kanikay and Kaningo, many houses were under water and roadways became flowing rivers. Freetown Mayor, Yvonne Aki-Sawyerr visited the area. He said: “As I spoke with survivors and neighbors, I could clearly see a huge boulder positioned precariously above the community. A poignant reminder of the risk of disaster this community lives daily.” President Julius Maado Bio said: “poor urban planning and mismanagement of the city’s resources as an enormous contributor to the problem.” He also cited climate change as another major factor. He said: “The heavy downpour experienced this August points to the impact and consequence of global warming and climate change.” (“Six deaths after Sierra Leone flash floods - report,” BBC, 29 August 2022)

Angola: The ruling MPLA party wins elections

On 29 August, the National Electoral Commission (CNE) of Angola declared the Movement of the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) won the elections gaining 51.17 per cent of votes against the Unita opposition party which gained 43.95 per cent, marking the tightest elections in the country's history. The CNE head said: “The CNE proclaims Joao Manuel Gonclaves Lourenco president of the republic.” The MPLA party, a former liberation movement since independence, has been in power for 50 years, now extends its decades long rule giving president Joao Lourenco a second term in office. The previous week, Adalberto Costa, leader of UNITA, rejected the provisional results and called for an international panel to review the vote count. He cited disparities between the commission’s count and the main opposition coalition’s own tally.  However, he did not respond to the declaration of final results. (“Angola’s MPLA ruling party wins elections and presidency,” Al Jazeera, 29 August 2022)

Chad: National dialogue suspended amid scuffle

On 29 August BBC reported, according to the pro-government website Alwihda, Chad’s national dialogue has been suspended over the conflicted composition of the steering committee. The proposed steering committee was rejected by few members, who felt that the “names were not reflective of the country’s fabric.” The Alwihda report said: “Anger immediately spread in the meeting room after former Prime Minister Guelengouksia Ouaidou read out the proposed list of names.” The disagreement forced the chairperson of the Organizing Committee for the Inclusive National Dialogue (CODNI), Acheikh Ibni Oumar, to suspend the session. The national dialogue started on 20 August following the government signing of an agreement for peace with 40  rebel groups, expected to lead to free and democratic elections and transfer of power to civilians. (“Chad national dialogue suspended over representation row,” BBC, 29 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Algeria: Macron announces ‘renewed partnership’ during his visit

On 26 August, France 24 reported, the French presidency said that President Macron will head back to Algeria capital Algiers “to sign a joint declaration for a renewed concrete and ambitious partnership.” The three-day trip to the country comes after months of tensions between France and its former colony. The same day, along with French military officials Macron laid a wreath at a monument to those who “did for France”, in the mixed Christian-Jewish Saint Eugene cemetery, a burial ground during colonial times. Macron is also set to meet young Algerian entrepreneurs to discuss the French -Algerian incubator for digital start-ups which his office says aims to “rebuild and develop” relations with a view to the future. In a joint press conference, Algerian President Abdelmadjid Tebboune praised “promising prospects for improving the special partnership” between the two countries. President Macron said: “We must look at it and recognize it, but we have a responsibility to build our future for ourselves and our youth.”  (“Macron announces 'renewed partnership' during Algeria visit,” France24, 26 August 2022)

Ethiopia: The Tigray forces says civilians killed in airstrikes

On 26 August, BBC reported, Tigrayan forces in northern Ethiopia said that the federal government conducted fresh airstrikes in Mekelle. Tigrai Television run by Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) released images of destroyed buildings and said civilians were killed in the strikes. However, the reports of casualties are not verified. Meanwhile, a government statement said, people in Tigray should stay away from the areas where the TPLF’s military equipment and training facilities are located. The attacks and subsequent allegations would further escalate the renewed fighting that resumed after five months of a ceasefire.  (Kalkidan Yibeltal, “Civilians killed by Ethiopian air strikes - Tigray,” BBC, 26 August 2022)

High chance of persistence of worst drought in the Horn of Africa, says WMO

On 26 August, the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said that the October-December forecasts show a high chance of persistence of the ongoing worst drought in more than 40 years. Guleid Artan, director of the IGAD Climate Prediction and Application Center (ICPAC), WMO’S regional climate center for East Africa said: “Sadly, our models show with a high degree of confidence that we are entering the fifth consecutive failed rainy season in the Horn of Africa.” He added: “In Ethiopia, Kenya and Somalia, we are on the brink of an unprecedented humanitarian catastrophe.” Nearly 10 million children are suffering under failed consecutive rainy seasons- killing wide livestock, crops and drying water sources. More than 1.8 million children in East Africa are in need of urgent treatment for life threatening acute malnutrition. More than one million people left their homes in search of food and water. In June, the World Bank estimated 66.4 million people in the Horn of Africa experiencing food crisis and emergency. Besides, the global rise in food and fuel prices after the Ukraine war has exacerbated the condition. (“Horn of Africa drought could go on for 5th season: UN weather body,” Al Jazeera, 26 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Angola: ruling party leads the elections, says election commission

On 25 August, the election commission said that 86 per cent of ballots had been counted which suggests the ruling Marxist People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) is likely to win the elections - giving President Joao Lourenco a second five-year term. The MPLA party holds a majority with 52 per cent of votes, while the main opposition Unita holds 42 per cent, marking a narrow lead. The MPLA has been in power for 50 years since independence. Abel Chivukuvuku, Unita’s vice-president candidate, dismissed the provisional results saying they were not reliable. He said: “Tomorrow morning we will have clearer and more concrete indicators and whoever wants to celebrate will … I hope it’s us”. The election was widely seen as the country’s most competitive in history. (“Angola’s ruling party leads in election, with most votes counted,” Al Jazeera, 25 August 2022)

Sudan: US sends first ambassador in 25 years

On 25 August, the US sent its first ambassador to Sudan in 25 years. The decision came two years after it removed Sudan from the list of countries that sponser terrorism. On 24 August, Ambassador John Godfrey arrived in the capital, Khartoum. He said via twitter: “I am delighted to arrive in Sudan. I look forward to deepening relations between Americans and Sudanese and to supporting the Sudanese people’s aspirations to freedom, peace, justice, and a transition to democracy". In 1993, Sudan was listed with the countries that sponser terrorism over the accusations of supporting al-Qaeda. In 1997, the US removed its downgraded representation in Sudan from ambassadors and imposed economic sanctions. (“US sends first ambassador to Sudan in 25 years,” BBC, 25 August 2022)

Macron visits Algeria, expects to repair stranded relations

On 25 August, French President Emmanuel Macron arrived in Algeria, expected to repair fractured relations with the country. The move came as the country’s oil and gas reserves have new strategic importance due to Europe’s impending energy crisis. The visit comes after longtime tensions over Algeria’s bloody war of independence. Last year, Algeria recalled its ambassador to Paris, signaling a mutual interest to reset the relations. According to the Elysee palace, President Macron has “made the choice to orientate this visit towards the future … and lay down the basis for a relaunching of the relationship”. (Hugh Schofield, “France's Emmanuel Macron to mend Algeria ties as energy crisis bites," BBC,  25 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Fresh fighting between Ethiopia and Tigray forces, UN and African Union raises concerns, calls for peace talks

On 24 August, Tigray forces accused Ethiopian forces of launching a fresh offensive on the southern border with Amhara. Later, the Ethiopian government blamed Tigrayan forces for starting the fighting. The Ethiopian military said that they hit an airplane in Mekelle carrying weapons for the TPLF. Meanwhile, UN chief Antonio Guterres said he was “deeply shocked” by the renewed fighting and called for an “immediate cessation of hostilities” and to resume peace talks, humanitarian access and re-establishing public services in Tigaray. The head of African Union Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat called for “de-escalation” and  “talks to seek a peaceful solution”. The AU’s Horn of Africa envoy, Olusegun Obasanjo has been leading the peace talks to end the 21-month Tigray conflict. Last week, the Ethiopian government appealed for a formal Tigray ceasefire agreement. The government wants the AU envoy to lead the peace talks, however, Tigray authorities want former Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta to lead the talks. Re-emergence of tensions between the two sides is threatening to undo a humanitarian truce reached in March. (“UN calls for ceasefire amid renewed fighting in northern Ethiopia,” Al Jazeera, 24 August 2022, Kalkidan Yibeltal, Tigray forces accuse Ethiopia of fresh offensive, Al Jazeera, 24 August 202)

Angola: vote counting begins after polls closed

On 24 August, the ballot counting began in Angola after the polls closed. The current President Joao Lourenco of the governing MPLA stood against Adalberto Costa Junior, leader of the former rebel group Unita and other six candidates, widely seen as the most competitive vote after independence. Nearly 14.7 million people were registered to vote. The MPLA has been in power for 50 years, criticized for rising inflation, poverty and unemployment. (“Vote counting begins in tight Angola election,” Al Jazeera, 24 August 2022)

South Africa: trade unions protests against rising cost of living

On 24 August, hundreds of South African people protested in the executive and legislative capitals of Pretoria and Cape Town amid rising inflation, the highest in 13 years. The protests were led by the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU), a longtime ally of the African National Congress. The protesters marched through central Pretoria towards Union Buildings, which houses the office of President Cyril Ramaphosa holding placards saying “stop basic food items”. Last month, the central bank increased the interest rates, highest in 20 years, to curb inflation. (“South African unions go on protests against high cost of living,” Al Jazeera, 24 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Egypt hosts Arab summit, GERD on agenda

On 23 August, BBC reported, according to Egyptian media, Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al- Sisi is hosting a five-nation Arab summit in the Mediterranean coastal city of New Alamein. The leaders of Bahrain, the UAE, Iraq and Jordan are reportedly attending the summit. The summit is expected to discuss the conflicts in Yemen, Syria and Libya and Egypt and Sudan’s dispute with Ethiopia over the Grand Renaissance Dam. (Israel Campos, “Egypt hosts Arab summit with Nile Dam row on agenda,” BBC, 23 August)

Nigeria: military reportedly kills 25 Islamist militants

On 23 August the Nigerian military reported that it killed 25 militants belonging to Islamic State West Africa Province (Iswap) in a series of air strikes in the north-east of the country. Nigeria military spokesperson said that Iswap’s local leader Fiya Ba Yuram was also targeted, but it is not confirmed if he was killed. The military also said it killed an unidentified number of militants in another attack on 20 August, in Tunbuns area on the shores of Lake Chad and in Borno state. Iswap broke away from Boko Haram in 2016. The two groups continue to carry out attacks in the region. (Ishaq Khalid, “Dozens of Islamists killed in Nigeria, military says,” BBC, 23 August 2022)

Libya: UN raises concerns over political tensions

On 23 August, the UN said it is deeply worried about the ongoing clashes between armed groups in Libya and the threat of using force in solving the country's political crisis. Libya has been in a political crisis for months after the country's eastern based parliament appointed a new prime minister, in spite of the fact that there was already a prime minister who refused to cede power without an election. There have been multiple armed fights between the supporters of both men, which the UN says concerned, having capability to reignite wider conflict after two years of comparative peace. (Mike Thomson, “UN fears Libya violence could reverse progress,” BBC, 23 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Burundi soldiers deployed in DRC

On 22 August, Burundi soldiers were deployed in eastern part of Democratic Republic of Congo as part of the recently formed East African regional force. A spokesperson from the Burundi army told the Associated Press : “As you have seen, our soldiers have been received officially. They are in Congo on an official mission”. The deployment was confirmed by a DRC army spokesperson. He said: "The mandate is to track down all foreign and local armed groups in order to restore peace”. The rift between Rwanda and DRC which the former accused the latter of supporting the M23 rebel group, led to the East African Community creating the new regional force fighting militant groups. (“Burundi sends troops to DRC for regional peacekeeping force,” Al Jazeera, 22 August 2022)

Angola to hold presidential elections, expects tight competition

On 22 August, BBC reported, Angola will hold their presidential elections on 24 August, determining whether President João Lourenço wins a second and final five-year term in office. He is running for the People’s Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) against Angola’s largest opposition party Unita, headed by Adalberto Costa Junior and other six opposition candidates. Many of the analysts assume that MPLA, which ruled the country for 50 years since independence in 1975 will win again, while many others claim that this will be the country’s closest elections so far. One other section claims that after five decades under MPLA, young people in Angola hope for a change. (Israel Campos, “Angola braces for closely fought elections,” BBC, 22 August 2022)

Somali PM pledges to take action after the deadly hotel siege

On 22 August, Somali Prime Minister Hamsa Abdi Barre pledged to take severe action on officials who failed to prevent the deadly al-Shabab attack on Hayat Hotel in Mogadishu. He said: “ We cannot tolerate a repeat of what happened, those who neglected their duties would be held accountable”. Health Minister Ali Hajji Aden said that 21 people were killed and 117 wounded during the 35-hour seige between the security forces and al-Shabab militants. (Abdi Dahir, “Somali PM vows action after deadly hotel siege,” BBC, 22 August 2022)

Mali appoints new military prime minister

On 22 August, Mali appointed a new interim prime minister, as reports say civilian Prime Minister Choguel Maiga has been admitted to hospital. The new Prime Minister, Col. Abdoulaye Maiga was previously minister of territorial administration and government spokesperson. The most senior government positions are held my the military as Col. Abdoulaye Maiga appointed the new Prime Minister. He is a major critic of France, accusing Paris of being neo-colonial and involvement in Malian security and democracy. (“Mali appoints new interim military prime minister,” BBC, 22 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Rebel leaders return back to Chad amid the planned national dialogue

On 18 August, Al Jazeera reported, Timan Erdimi, leader of Union of Resistance Forces (URF), a prominent rebel group, returned back to the country amid planned national dialogue between civilians, armed oppositions and the transitional government. He was in exile for 17 years, trying to overthrow the late president Idriss Deby. He told the reporters: “I hope that everything will go well to achieve peace, reconciliation and serenity in the country”, adding his intention to transform  UFR into a political party. Another rebel leader Mahamat Nouri, head of the Union for Democracy and Development (UFDD) was also reported to return back to the country. On 8 August, the military government signed an agreement for peace with 40 other rebel groups in Qatar, where it planned to conduct a national dialogue on 20 August. The national dialogue is expected to  lead to free and democratic elections and transfer of power to civilians. (“Rebel leader Timan Erdimi returns to Chad after 17 years in exile,” Al Jazeera, 18 August)

At least 38 killed Algeria forest fires

On 18 August, BBC reported, at least 38 were killed and dozens injured in the wild fires in northern Algeria. Authorities said that 39 fires are spreading in various parts of northern Algeria. The civil protection agency said that the city of El Tarf is the most affected  with 16 fires. Northern Algeria is affected by wildfires every year. Since August, 106 fires have broken out in the country destroying 800 hectares of forest and 100,000 hectares of woodland. (“Algeria forest fires: At least 38 dead, emergency officials say,” BBC, 18 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: government and the Tigray rebels to begin peace talks

On 17 August, BBC reported, a committee organized by the Ethiopian government with the Tigrayan forces with the objective to end the civil war said that it is working with the African Union to begin peace talks quickly. The committee in a statement said that preparations are underway to “create conditions that will enable a ceasefire to be declared” and basic services to be restored in conflict affected areas. Though the federal government accepted the negotiations under the advice of the African Union, Tigrayan forces favored outgoing Kenyan President Uhuru Kennyatta to lead the talks. Since March, the amount of aid reaching Tigray has significantly increased after a humanitarian truce was agreed. However, no cessation of aggression has been declared. (“Tigray peace talks hasten to end war - committee,” BBC, 17 August)

Mali accuses France of violating airspace and supporting armed groups

On 17 August, Mali accused France for violating its airspace and sending weapons to militant groups. In a letter to the UN Security Council, Mali’s foreign affairs minister, Abdoulaye Diop said that France has violated its airspace more than 50 times this year, using drones, military helicopters and fighter jets. According to Reuters news agency, the letter said: “These flagrant violations of Malian airspace were used by France to collect information for terrorist groups operating in the Sahel and to drop arms and ammunition to them”. In response, the French Embassy replied: “France has obviously never supported, directly or indirectly, these terrorist groups, which remain its designated enemies across the planet”. Meanwhile , On 15 August France announced its complete withdrawal of its troops from Mali, ending a nine year fighting the Islamist militants. (“Mali accuses France of sending weapons to armed groups” Al Jazeera, 17 August 2022)

Tunisia’s new constitution comes into effect granting the president wider powers

On 17 August, Reuters reported, Tunisia's head of the Independent High Electoral Commission announced final results of the referendum on 16 August that the new constitution giving the president greater powers will come into effect. The new constitution has been approved by 96.4 per cent of votes in the referendum with 30 per cent turnout. The opposition accused the electoral board controlled by president Kais Saied of "fraud". Popular opinion upon the referendum is divided. For many, his move sparked fears of return of autocracy, while others welcomed being fed up with high inflation, unemployment and corruption. Meanwhile, the US State Department said that it noted "concerns that the new constitution includes weakened checks and balances that could compromise the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms".(“Tunisia approves a new constitution,'' Africanews, 17 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

France’s last troops leave Mali, ends nine year deployment

On 16 August, France said its final troops of Operation Barkhane left Mali, ending a nine year bilateral military cooperation. The French military statement said: “Today at 1pm Paris time [11:00 GMT] the final contingent of the Barkhane forces still on Malian territory crossed the border between Mali and Niger”. On 15 August French Presidency said: “France remains engaged in the (wider) Sahel (region), in the Gulf of Guinea and the Lake Chad region with all partners committed to stability and to the fight against terrorism”. In 2013, France initially intervened in the country at request by Malian authorities under Operation Serval, to fight Tuareg separatists. The withdrawal comes after fallen relations between Paris and Bamako, which currently maintains close relations with Russia. (“Last French troops leave Mali, ending nine-year deployment,” Al Jazeera, 16 August 2022) 

South Sudan: 80 civilians killed in ethnic violence

On 16 August, the UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha) revealed that in July alone at least 80 civilians were killed in Eastern Equatoria state. Ethnic clashes in Kapoeta were the reasons behind the killings, though it is not clear what triggered the clashes. The Ocha says more than 17,500 people were displaced due to the violence. Rising food insecurity, inter-communal violence, conflict and disease outbreaks worsened the situation. (Nichola Mandil, “Over 80 killed in South Sudan recent ethnic violence,” BBC, 16 August 2022)

Kenya’s defeated Odinga rejects the elections calling “null and void”

On 16 August, Raila Odinga, major opponent to William Ruto who won Kenya’s presidential elections, rejected the election results saying the figures are “null and void”. He said:  “What we saw yesterday was a travesty and a blatant disregard of the constitution of Kenya''. The enraged Odinga supporters turned the situation violent in many regions. Most of the businesses were closed in Kisumu region where Odinga has a stronghold. The new elected president William Ruto said:  “I want to commit to the people of Kenya that I will build on the foundation that President Kenyatta and I put together and take this country to the next level”. (“Kenya’s defeated Odinga calls presidential election outcome a ‘travesty’,” France24, 16 August 2022, “Ruto's supporters celebrate disputed election results,” Africanews, 16 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Deputy President William Ruto wins Kenya presidential elections

On 15 August, according to the results announced by the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC), William Ruto won the elections to be the fifth president of Kenya. The announcement was delayed after scuffles and allegations of vote rigging by Odinga supporters. Four election commissioners said that they could not support the “opaque” vote count before the results were declared. Juliana Cherera, the vice Chairperson of IEBC said: “We cannot take ownership of the result that is going to be announced because of the opaque nature of this last phase of the general election”. Odinga supporters staged protests and blocked roads in Kisumu and Nairobi. Ruto received 50.49 per cent of the vote, while his opponent Raila Odinga received 48.85 per cent, marking a narrow victory. Ruto, 55, Deputy President of Kenya since 2013, ran for the first time in presidential elections, but fell out with President Uhuru Kenyatta, who backed Odinga. (“William Ruto wins Kenya elections as results questioned,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2022)

Burkina Faso army accused of killing 40 civilians

On 15 August, BBC reported, The Collective Against Immunity and Stigmatization of Communities, a rights group based in Burkina Faso accused the army of killing more than 40 civilians in the village of Taffogo in Tougouri. It said the victim’s bodies were found on the road blindfolded with their hands tied. The Observatory of Human Dignity, another rights group, said most of the victims belong to the Fulani ethnic group of semi-nomadic herders. (“Burkina Faso troops accused of killing 40 civilians,” BBC, 15 August 2022)

Nigeria’s inflation reaches 19.64 per cent

On 15 August, Reuters reported, according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the inflation rate in Nigeria rose to 19.64 per cent, which is highest since the 24.32 per cent recorded in September 2005. In July, food prices hiked 22.02 percent, caused by increase in prices of bread and cereals, potatoes, meat, oil and other items. Rising inflation and economic instability are major issues as the country looks forward  to the national election in February 2023. (“Nigeria's annual inflation rises to highest level since 2005,” Reuters, 15 February 2022)

Egypt announces suspension of its UN forces  in Mali

On 15 August, Egypt announced it will temporarily suspend its participation in the UN peacekeeping force in Mali over security concerns. The decision follows the killing of seven Egyptian troops serving the UN mission in Mali (Minusma) during multiple attacks since January. The move also comes after activists supporting Mali’s military government continue to demand Minusma’s expulsion over its perceived failure protecting civilians from attacks. The country has not mentioned how long the suspension would last. About 1,000 Egyptian soldiers are deployed in Mali as  part of Minusma providing logistical support. (“Egypt to suspend role in UN force in Mali,” BBC, 15 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: At least 10 people killed in gunmen attack in a famed hotel

On 19 August, the officials reported that at least 10 people were killed after gunmen attacked a hotel in the capital Mogadishu. The security forces are battling to end the 20-hour seige at the hotel. The al-Shabab armed  group linked to al-Qaeda has claimed responsibility for the attack. The fighters of the armed group entered the Hayat hotel on 19 August and triggered explosions and gunfire. The hotel is known to be frequented by government officials. The attack is a major incident since Somalia's new leader took office in May. (“Somali forces battle to end deadly hotel siege in Mogadishu,” Al Jazeera, 19 August 2022)

UN peacekeeping troops leaves DR Congo

On 19 August, a DR Congo government official reported that UN peacekeeping forces (Monusco) in the country left the eastern town of Butembo over the deadly protests last month. Gen Constant Kongba Ndima, the governor of North Kivu province said: “Monusco has already left. As for the equipment still in the city, we are going to meet in Goma with those in charge of the mission to see how to transfer it, as well as the few personnel remaining in Butembo''. A Monusco spokesperson said: “the mission has proceeded to a temporary redeployment of its personnel outside Butembo…after consultations with local and national authorities”. In July, a popular protest erupted in North Kivu demanding the troops to leave the country. About 36 people were killed and 170 others were injured during the demonstrations that turned violent. (“UN peacekeepers leave Congolese town - governor,” BBC, 19 August 2022)

South Africa’s Zulu nation to coronate new king amid tensions

On 19 August, Al Jazeera reported, South Africa’s ethnic Zulu nation is preparing for the coronation for its new king on 21 August. King Misuzulu ka Zwelithini, son of the late King Goodwill Zwelithini will undergo the traditional ritual known as ukungena esibayeni marking the accession of the new king. The Zulu ethnic group is South Africa’s largest, having more than 12 million people mainly located in the KwaZulu-Natal province. They are historically recognised for their resistance to British colonialism under King Shaka Zulu between 1816 and 1828. It is also one of the richest and influential ethnic groups in the country. The coronation event is held despite a certain succession dispute within the royal family. (“South Africa’s Zulu nation to coronate new king amid tussle,” Al Jazeera, 19 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

France’s last troops leave Mali, ends nine year deployment

On 16 August, France said its final troops of Operation Barkhane left Mali, ending a nine year bilateral military cooperation. The French military statement said: “Today at 1pm Paris time [11:00 GMT] the final contingent of the Barkhane forces still on Malian territory crossed the border between Mali and Niger”. On 15 August French Presidency said: “France remains engaged in the (wider) Sahel (region), in the Gulf of Guinea and the Lake Chad region with all partners committed to stability and to the fight against terrorism”. In 2013, France initially intervened in the country at request by Malian authorities under Operation Serval, to fight Tuareg separatists. The withdrawal comes after fallen relations between Paris and Bamako, which currently maintains close relations with Russia. (“Last French troops leave Mali, ending nine-year deployment,” Al Jazeera, 16 August 2022) 

South Sudan: 80 civilians killed in ethnic violence

On 16 August, the UN Office for Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (Ocha) revealed that in July alone at least 80 civilians were killed in Eastern Equatoria state. Ethnic clashes in Kapoeta were the reasons behind the killings, though it is not clear what triggered the clashes. The Ocha says more than 17,500 people were displaced due to the violence. Rising food insecurity, inter-communal violence, conflict and disease outbreaks worsened the situation. (Nichola Mandil, “Over 80 killed in South Sudan recent ethnic violence,” BBC, 16 August 2022)

Kenya’s defeated Odinga rejects the elections calling “null and void”

On 16 August, Raila Odinga, major opponent to William Ruto who won Kenya’s presidential elections, rejected the election results saying the figures are “null and void”. He said:  “What we saw yesterday was a travesty and a blatant disregard of the constitution of Kenya''. The enraged Odinga supporters turned the situation violent in many regions. Most of the businesses were closed in Kisumu region where Odinga has a stronghold. The new elected president William Ruto said:  “I want to commit to the people of Kenya that I will build on the foundation that President Kenyatta and I put together and take this country to the next level”. (“Kenya’s defeated Odinga calls presidential election outcome a ‘travesty’,” France24, 16 August 2022, “Ruto's supporters celebrate disputed election results,” Africanews, 16 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Blinken visits Rwanda, raises concerns over M23 rebels

On 11 August, US Secretary of State Antony Blinken arrived in Rwanda for talks on alleged cooperation with the M23 rebels operating in neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo. Blinken is also expected to pressure the authorities for the release of Paul Rusesabagina, Oscar nominated, for the film Hotel Rwanda, whom the US government says is “wrongfully detained in Rwanda”. He was sentenced to 25 years in prison on terrorism charges last year. The US State Department said: “Blinken will meet Rwandan leaders and civil society members on a range of key issues”. After talks with President Paul Kagame, Blinken expressed concerns over the human rights issues in the country. President Kagame replied: “No worries…there are things that just don't work like that here!!”. The M23 rebels are controlling parts of North Kivu province in eastern DRC. (Marcus Erbe, “Blinken raises concern over human rights in Rwanda,” BBC, 11 August 2022;  Samba Cyuzuzo, “Blinken arrives in Rwanda amid row over M23 rebels,” BBC, 11 August 2022)

Mali: 42 soldiers killed in Islamist attack

On 11 August, BBC reported, Mali authority says nearly 42 soldiers were killed in an Islamist attack on  7 August. The officials added, another 22 troops were wounded and 37 Islamic State militias were killed. The attack took place at Tessit, a town sharing borders with Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger. Following the attack, thousands of residents fled the area. (Mark Pivac, “Mali troops death toll from attack rises to 42 ,” BBC, 11 August 2022)

South Sudan: UN Mission condemns execution of rebels

On 11 August, the UN Mission in South Sudan, Unmiss condemned the alleged execution of four rebel fighters in the northern oil-producing Unity state. The footage of the execution has been circulating on social media where three of the South Sudan People's Movement/Army(ESPN/A) being fired and the fourth rebel being burnt alive. The government condemned the executions. Meanwhile, South Sudan People's Defense Forces(SSPDF) said it will investigate the incidents. Nicholas Hysom, the head of Unmiss said: "Unmiss joins the government in expressing grave concern over reports that four officers from the rebel SSPM/A have been summarily executed in Mayom county". (“UN condemns execution of South Sudan rebels,” BBC, 11 August 2022)

Sierra Leone anti-government protests: dozens including six police officers killed

On 11 August, police authorities reported dozens of civilians including six police officers were killed in the anti-government protests. About 130 people have been arrested. The protesters were blocking roads, throwing rocks and burning tyres perpetuating the violence. The armed officers are patrolling the streets and  using tear gas to contain the violence. The popular demonstrations are taking place in Freetown, Makeni and Kamakwie regions. The public discontent over the high cost of living, corruption and police brutality has caused the outbreak. (“Smoke and tear gas as Sierra Leone protests continue,” BBC, 11 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sierra Leone: reported casualties as Anti- government protests turns violent 

On 10 August, BBC reported casualties in capital Freetown after police opened fire on anti-government demonstrators. The clashes broke out when protesters blocked roads. Longstanding tensions with the ruling government exacerbated with the rising prices of cost of living, corruption and police brutality. Vice President Mohamed Juldeh Jalloh said: “lives of both policemen and civilians were lost”, without giving further details on how many people had been killed. A police spokesperson told AFP news agency that two police officers, a male and a female were killed during the clash. A nationwide curfew has been announced following the violence. Meanwhile, ECOWAS condemned the violence and called for “all to obey law and order and for the perpetrators of the violence to be identified and brought before the law”. (“Sierra Leone imposes curfew amid anti-government protests,” Al Jazeera, 10 August 2022)

Guinea: military government dissolves opposition coalition

On 10 August, the military government issued a decree dissolving the leading opposition movement, accused of carrying out violent demonstrations which were said to be banned. The National Front for the Defense of the Constitution (FNDC), an alliance of political parties, trade unions and civil society groups, led the protests that overthrew the former president Alpha Conde last year. FNDC led demonstrations have been going on over the military government’s reluctance to return to civilian rule. The opposition alliance was dissolved stating its behavior threatens national unity and peace. (Will Ross, “Guinea junta dissolves opposition coalition,” BBC, 10 August 2022)

US concerned about Rwanda supporting DR Congo M23 rebels

On 10 August, US Secretary  of State Antony Blinken, speaking at Kinshasa, the Congolese capital, raised concerns over the reports of Rwanda providing support to the rebels in DRC. He called on all parties to cease any cooperation with the M23 rebel group. The M23 rebels control and carry out attacks in different regions of the country, displacing thousands of people. (David Banford, “US concerned by reports Rwanda backing DR Congo rebels,” BBC, 10 August 2022)

Mali receives Russian military jets and helicopter

On 10 August, the Mali military government received five military jets and a combat helicopter from Russia. Russia has become a close ally for Mali in its fight against jihadist militancy. The relations between the countries have grown since the coup in May 2021. The Junta’s decision to hire Russian mercenaries following the second coup was said to be the reason for France’s pullout from the country. The Jihadist attacks have increased recently. On 7 August, nearly 17 soldiers and four civilians were killed in an attack by the militants in the town of Tessit. (Will Ross, “Mali junta receives Russian jets and helicopter,” BBC, 10 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Senegal: Ruling coalition, opposition fail to secure majority 

On 4 August, the provisional results revealed that President Macky Sall’s ruling coalition had failed to secure the majority in the parliamentary elections by one vote. The coalition has won 82 of the 165 seats. Meanwhile, the opposition too failed to secure the majority with 80 seats. The remaining three seats, won by small parties will decide the final results. This is the first time a National Assembly will be formed in Senegal without a clear majority; this development also indicates a fall in Macky’s popularity. (“Senegal: Governing coalition loses legislative majority,” Al Jazeera, 4 August 2022)

South Africa: Migrants attacked by mob for alleged criminal acitvities

On 4 August, local residents of the Krugersdorp township attacked migrants accusing them of criminal activities in the area. The development comes after 130 people were arrested on charges of eight women near a mining dump on 28 July. The residents attacked the migrants with machetes, and hammers; they also stripped and whipped the migrants before setting the migrant camps on fire. A person present at the demonstration against the migrants said: “We want support from the police because the illegal miners are terrorising us. We cannot simply walk around the neighbourhood at night because they rape us.” Krugersdrop houses several criminal gangs attempting to exploit the abandoned mines in search of any leftover gold. Several immigrants from Lesotho, Mozambique and Zimbabwe live in the area. (“Mob attacks illegal miners after rapes shock South Africa,” Reuters, 4 August 2022)

South Sudan: Unity government leaders extend transitional period

On 4 August, President Salva Kiir and Vice President Riek Machar signed a deal to extend the transitional period to 2024. This move was criticised by foreign observers as the deal signed by the unity government formed in February 2020 provided for general elections to be held in February 2023. The minister for cabinet affairs said the decision aimed “to address the challenges that impede the implementation of the peace agreement.” The US, UK and Norway boycotted the decision expressing “profound concern that fully inclusive consultations must take place with civil society, faith-based groups, business, women's groups, youth representatives, eminent persons and international partners before the (peace deal) is amended.” (“South Sudan extends transitional government by two years,” News24, 4 August 2022)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Burkina Faso: Army admits to killing civilians in operation

On 3 August, the army admitted to having killed civilians in a counter-terrorism operation in the southeast few days earlier; 37 fatalities were recorded in a village near the border along Togo. An army statement said the civilians were unfortunate victims amid the operation to neutralise terrorists. (Thiam Ndaiaga, “Burkina Faso army admits killing civilians in counter-terrorist strike,” Reuters, 3 August 2022)