IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa’s first climate summit

On 4 September, the first three-day African Climate Summit began in the Kenyan capital Nairobi. The summit aims to bring together African leaders to create a shared vision of green development and get ready for the COP28 meeting. Climate financing is one of the major agenda of the summit. The UAE has pledged USD 4.5 billion clean energy investment in the continent; UK is planning to invest EUR 49 million in managing impact of climate change and on climate action. Addressing the member countries, Kenyan President William Ruto stated: “Africa holds the key to accelerating decarbonisation of the global economy. We are not just a continent rich in resources. We are a powerhouse of untapped potential, eager to engage and fairly compete in the global markets.” Meanwhile, a coalition of civil society groups urged Ruto to circumvent Western led agenda that focus on carbon markets and other financial tools to redress the climate crisis. (“Billions pledged for green energy as Africa climate talks enter second day,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

Burkina Faso: 53 soldiers killed in rebel attack

On 5 September, Al Jazeera reported that at least 53 security forces of Burkina Faso were killed during a clash with rebel fighters. The clashes occurred in the Koumbri village of the Tatenga province on 4 September. The Brukinabe army stated: “This act of extreme cowardice will not go unpunished. Every effort is being made to disable the remaining terrorist elements on the run.” It is unclear which group carried out the attack. However, militants linked to Islamic State and al-Qaeda have been carrying out frequent attacks in the country. According to the Al Jazeera report, the insurgency has killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. (“At least 53 Burkina Faso soldiers, volunteers killed in clashes with rebels,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

Eswatini: Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen’s visit

On 5 September, Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen began her visit to Eswatini, Taipei’s last African ally. Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is the last monarch in Africa. Eswatini’s Prime Minister Cleopas Sipho Dlamini welcomed Tsai while they marked 55 years of bilateral relations. Since 2016, China has been pressuring countries that have bilateral relationships with Taiwan to switch their recognition to China. Taiwan had diplomatic losses with nine countries owing to Chinese efforts. (“Taiwan’s President Tsai begins visit to Eswatini, last ally in Africa,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Gabon: Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema sworn in as the head of the state

On 4 September, Gabon’s coup leader General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema was sworn in as the head of the state. Addressing his new position, Oligui said that the military has seized power peacefully and will return it to the people through free, transparent and credible elections. He stated: “With the new government, made up of experienced people, we’re going to give everyone a chance to hope.” However, there is a popular rhetoric raising that Oligui belongs to the same Bongo family and the coup is merely a “place revolution,” replacing one Bongo with another. (“Gabon coup leader Nguema sworn in as transitional head of state,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)

South Africa: No evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry, says President Ramaphosa

On 4 September, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that there is no clear evidence for the claims on South Africa supplying weapons to Russia. The announcement came following the US ambassador to South Africa, Reuben Brigety claimed that the Russian ship Lady R was seen loading arms and ammunition from the naval base in Cape Town in December 2022. An independent inquiry by the South African government found that the Russian ship delivered armaments ordered by the National Defence Force in 2018. Ramaphosa stated: “When all matters are considered, none of the allegations made about the supply of weapons to Russia have been proven to be true; None of the persons who made these allegations could provide any evidence to support the claims that had been levelled against our country.” (“South Africa says no evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)

Sudan: 20 people killed in SAF air strike

On 4 September, at least 20 people were killed in an army air strike in Sudanese capital Khartoum. The attack happened in the alakla al-Qubba neighbourhood of south-west Khartoum. Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been fighting since April. According to the UN, more than thousands have been killed and nearly 2.3 million have been displaced; more than half a million have taken shelter in neighbouring countries of Chad and South Sudan. Currently, RSF controls large swathes of Khartoum and its twin cities of Omdurman and Bahri. SAF has been carrying out frequent artillery and air attack to dislodge RSF. Clashes have additionally spread to western Darfur region which has been grappling with decades of ethnic violence. (“Sudan conflict: Air strike on Khartoum kills at least 20,” BBC, 4 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Eritrea: Hundreds injured in a clash between rival Eritrean groups in Israel

On 2 September Al Jazeera reported that more than 100 people were injured in Israel’s city of Tel Aviv during a clash between a rival group of protesters from Eritrea. The clashes erupted between the anti-government and pro-government factions of Eritrean asylum seekers. Israeli police fired warning shots in the air to disperse the protesters; at least 39 suspects who assaulted police were arrested. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated: “We want harsh measures against the rioters, including the immediate deportation of those who took part.” President Isaias Afwerki has ruled Eritrea since 1991 and the country never had elections. Political parties are banned and freedom of expression and the press are restricted in the country. Nearly 20,000 Eritreans are residing in Israel. (“Dozens of people injured in clashes between rival Eritrean groups in Israel,” Al Jazeera, 2 September 2023)

Niger: Military against France backing Prasident Bazoum

On 1 September, Niger’s military leaders accused France of interfering in the country’s internal matters. They accused French President Emmanuel Macron of “perpetuating a neocolonial operation against the Nigerien people.” Colonel Amadou Abdramane stated that Macron’s comments  “constitute further blatant interference in Niger’s domestic affairs.” The development comes after Macron backed ECOWAS’ threat of military action against the coup by stating the he “supports [ECOWAS’s] diplomatic action and, when it so decides, [its] military action.” (“Niger’s military government slams Macron for backing President Bazoum,” Al Jazeera, 1 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Russia vetoes at UNSC on the proposal to extend sanctions and monitoring

On 31 August, Russia vetoed the presence of a UN experts team in Mali who had accused foreign fighters in Mali, referring to Russia's Wagner group’s involvement in widespread atrocities in the country. Thirteen of UNSC’s 15 members backed the proposal to extend sanctions and continued presence of UN experts. Meanwhile, China abstained from voting. Russia’s UN ambassador Vassily Nebenzia stated: “It is fundamentally important that UN Security Council sanctions deal purely with that issue and not be used as a means of foreign influence on Mali, and that is something that the panel of experts of the Security Council has been involved in.” (“Russia vetoes UN resolution to extend sanctions, monitoring in Mali,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)

Gabon: AU suspension following the coup

On 31 August, the African Union suspended Gabon following the military coup on 30 August. AU’S Peace and Security Council stated: “Strongly condemns the military takeover of power in the Republic of Gabon” and has decided “to immediately suspend the participation of Gabon in all activities of the AU, its organs and institutions.” (“African Union suspends Gabon’s membership after military coup,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)

Niger: Expels French ambassador

On 31 August, the military leaders in Niger ordered the expulsion of France’s ambassador to the country. The visas of French Ambassador Sylvain Itte and his family have been cancelled; the police have been ordered to expel the envoy. The expulsion order comes following the military leaders calling France’s actions “contrary to the interests of Niger.” (“Niger’s military rulers order police to expel French ambassador,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Gabon: Military announce coup

On 30 August, Gabon’s senior military officials through national media, Gabon24, announced a coup citing improper elections. The officers stated: “Today the country is undergoing a severe institutional, political, economic, and social crisis; In the name of the Gabonese people … we have decided to defend the peace by putting an end to the current regime.” The coup announcement came hours after incumbent President Ali Bongo was declared the winner of presidential elections held on 26 August. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres condemned the coup stating: “Firmly condemns the ongoing coup attempt as a means to resolve the post-electoral crisis.” The US stated: “It’s deeply concerning to us … we will remain a supporter of people in the region and supporter of the people in Gabon.” (“Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term,” Al Jazeera, 30 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: CODECO attack kills 14 civilians

On 29 August, Al Jazeera reported that the Cooperative Development of Congo (CODECO), an armed rebel group active in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri, killed 14 civilians and one Congolese soldier. The attack happened in the village of Gobu on 27 August. Four attackers were killed in the fighting. CODECO, a militia led by the ethnic Lendu community, has been fighting with the Zaire, a militia group of ethnic Hema community, since 2017.  According to the African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism, nearly 1,800 people were killed in various CODECO attacks until 2022. More than 120 rebel militias are fighting in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo for land and resources. (“Fourteen dead after militiamen attack village in northeast DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 29 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: French ambassador to stay, despite ultimatum

On 28 August, French President Emmanuel Macron said that its ambassador to Niger will continue to stay in the country. The development comes after Niger’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued an ultimatum for France’s ambassador to Niger, Sylvain Itte, to leave the country, claiming that Itte refused to meet the new regime citing France’s actions that were “contrary to the interests of Niger.” Macron stated: “I think our policy is the right one. It’s based on the courage of President Bazoum, and on the commitments of our ambassador on the ground who is remaining despite all the pressure, despite all the declarations made by the illegitimate authorities.” Macron added that France would support any military action by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) against the coup leaders. (“Niger coup: France defies ultimatum for ambassador to leave Niamey,” BBC, 28 August 2023)

Zimbabwe: Emmerson Mnangagwa wins presidential elections

On 28 August, Al Jazeera reported that Zimbabwe's President and leader of the Zanu-PF party, Emmerson Mnangagwa, won the presidential elections securing 52.6 per cent of votes against opposition party Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) leader, Nelson Chamisa, who secured 44 per cent. This would be Mnangagwa's second and final term in office. The opposition has rejected the results and called for a re-run. The elections were hampered by delays, which fueled opposition claims of bribery and voter suppression. International election monitors have commented that the polls failed to meet regional and international standards. The European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM) said that the elections curtailed "fundamental freedoms" adding that “acts of violence and intimidation” have caused a “climate of fear." More than 40 election monitors were arrested while trying to compare the official poll count. On 28 August, UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, called on the "political actors to peacefully settle any disputes through established legal and institutional channels" and urged "the competent authorities to resolve any disputes in a fair, expeditious, and transparent manner." (“Zimbabwe’s President Mnangagwa wins second term, opposition rejects result,” Al Jazeera, 28 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: LNA’s air strikes on FACT base

On 25 August, Al Jazeera reported on the Libyan National Army (LNA) launching air strikes on “foreign armed groups” near the Chad border. LNA, led by Khalifa Haftar, carried out the attacks against Libya-based Front for Change and Concord (FACT), a rebel group, in the outpost of Umm al-Araneb in Murzuq district. The FACT fighters had taken over more than 2,000 houses under construction in the region. LNA spokesperson Ahmad Mismari stated that LNA would “no longer allow armed groups or factions to use Libyan territory to launch attacks against neighbouring countries.” Libya has been going through civil unrest since 2011 after the death of Muhammad Gaddafi. Rival leaders, Abdulhamid Dbeibah who leads the UN-backed Tripoli-based administration and former interior minister Fathi Bashagha supported by military leader Khalifa Haftar, have been forging alliances with multiple rebel factions in the neighbouring countries including Chad and Sudan. (“Libya’s LNA launches operations against Chad rebels along border,” Al Jazeera, 25 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: BRICS expansion, Egypt and Ethiopia to join the bloc

On 24 August, on the final day of the BRICS summit South African President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that the bloc had invited six countries to join as new members. The new members include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Argentina, Ethiopia, UAE and Egypt. Ramaphosa commented that the group considers itself as a counterweight to Western powers. Chinese President Xi Jinping stated: “The expansion is also a new starting point for BRICS cooperation. It will bring new vigour to the BRICS cooperation mechanism and further strengthen the force for world peace and development.” A senior adviser to Iran’s president, Mohammad Jamshidi, stated: “Permanent membership in the group of global emerging economies is considered a historic development and a strategic success for the foreign policy of the Islamic republic.” Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated: ““Ethiopia stands ready to cooperate with all for an inclusive and prosperous global order.” (“Saudi Arabia, Iran among six nations invited to join BRICS,” Al Jazeera, 24 August 2023)

Mozambique: Jihadist leaders killed in joint operation

On 24 August, BBC reported that two jihadist leaders have been killed in a joint operation with regional forces in the province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique. The Mozambique army stated that one of them was Abu Kital who "held the position of deputy commander of the operations of the group Ahlu-Sunnah wal Jama`a (ASWJ)." The regional force consisting of Mozambique and Rwanda forces along the Sadc regional bloc’s forces together carried out the operation. The Cabo Delgado region has been fighting Islamist insurgency since 2017. More than a million people have been displaced and 4,000 others were killed in the region over the period. (“Two jihadist commanders killed in Mozambique - army,” BBC, 24 August 2023)

Zimbabwe: Conducts general elections

On 23 August, Zimbabwe began its election for councillors, members of parliament and a president. 11 candidates are running for the presidential seat. More than six million people are expected to cast their votes. However, the contest is between two popular candidates- incumbent Emmerson Mnangagwa from the governing Zanu-PF Party and opposition leader Nelson Chamisa from the Citizen's Coalition for Change (CCC). The opposition is seeking to end the 43-year rule of the Zanu-PF party. Since 1980, the Zanu-PF party has been in power and criticized for continuously clamping down on opposition to remain in power. The country struggles with rising cost of living, inflation, crippling power outages and corruption. People in the urban areas and the young population believe that it is time for a change. (“Zimbabwe election: Poll monitors arrested amid election,” BBC, 24 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Sudan: Fighting continues in Khartoum

On 23 August, BBC Africa reported on heavy fighting in the Sudanese capital Khartoum between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). SAF stated that it repelled RSF’s attack on the Armoured Corps military base in the Al-Shajara region, south of Khartoum. RSF in a statement claimed that it has taken control of parts of the army base and has captured large quantities of weaponry. (“Heavy fighting continues around Khartoum army base,” BBC, 23 August)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

HRW accuses Saudi Arabia of killing Ethiopian migrants

On 22 August, BBC reported on Saudi Arabian border guards’ mass killing of migrants crossing the border from Yemen. A Human Rights Watch report titled “They Fired On Us Like Rain” stated that hundreds of migrants, most of them Ethiopians, were shot dead by the Saudi Arabian guards. A series of BBC interviews with migrants who are alive revealed that Saudi Arabian guards killed, beat and took the survivors to the hospital in one of the cases. A migrant accused the Houthi rebels of colluding with the smugglers. The HRW report covered the period from March to June 2022 and recorded 34 incidents involving both explosive weapons and shooting at close range. The report identified a detention centre at Yemen’s Monabbih from which the migrants are escorted by armed smugglers to the border. One of the authors of the report, Nadia Hardman said: “People described sites that sound like killing fields - bodies strewn all over the hillside.” Hardman claimed that a minimum of 655 were killed by the Saudi Arabian guards. The Saudi Arabian government responded: “Based on the limited information provided, authorities within the Kingdom have discovered no information or evidence to confirm or substantiate the allegations.” (Paul Adams, “Hundreds of migrants killed by Saudi border guards - report,” BBC News, 22 August 2023)

Libya: 161 Nigerian migrants repatriated under UN scheme

On 22 August, Al Jazeera reported on Libya repatriating 161 Nigerians back to their country under a UN-backed voluntary scheme. The migrants included women and children, and they were assisted at the Tripoli airport by the United Nations’ International Organization for Migration (IOM); they arrived in Lagos on 21 August. The report quotes the Minister of Interior of the UN-recognised government based in Tripoli, Imed Trabelsi: “We cannot bear the burden of clandestine migration alone.” A Nigerian embassy official in Tripoli, Samuel Okeri, said that the migrants were “not forced back” to Nigeria. The developments came after 10 August, when Libya and Tunisia agreed to share responsibility to provide shelter to hundreds of migrants stranded at their borders. In July, hundreds of sub-Saharan African migrants were driven to the Libyan border by Tunisian authorities after violence against migrants broke out in the port city of Sfax, following the death of a Tunisian citizen. Previously in February, Tunisian President Kais Saied commented that the sub-Saharan African migrants bring with them “violence, crime, and unacceptable practices.” (“Libya repatriates 161 Nigerian refugees in UN-backed scheme,” Al Jazeera, 22 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Ethiopia: 1411 people died of starvation since the suspension of food aid

On 18 August, the commissioner for disaster risk management Gebrehiwet Gebrezgabher reported that 1411 people died of starvation since the food aid was suspended from WFP and USAID. The food aid was suspended in April as donations were stolen and sold in the local markets. Gebrezgabhe told the BBC that 492 people were involved in the theft. Genrezgaber disclosed that suspects included NGO staff, camp coordinators and people who own businesses like food stores and mills. BBC reported that food having WFP and USAID labels was being sold in the country but is unaware whether the aid was diverted to the local markets or sold by the aid recipients. WFP and USAID suspended aid to the rest of Ethiopia in June 2023. (Girmay Gebru and Mercy Juma, “Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Deaths from starvation after aid halted - official,” BBC News, 18 August 2023)

South Africa: Alliance to defeat African National Congress (ANC)

On 18 August, an alliance of seven South African political parties reached an agreement in an attempt to defeat the ruling African National Congress (ANC) in the 2024 presidential election. According to the Multi-Party Charter for South Africa, if they were elected, they would work together to assign ministry and parliamentary seats. They are also attempting to prevent Julius Malema's Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) from gaining power. The accord, brokered by the country's main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), comes as the country faces a struggling economy, corruption, unemployment and an energy crisis. The Inkatha Freedom Party, Freedom Front Plus, ActionSA, United Independent Movement, Independent SA National Civic Organisation (Isanco) and Spectrum National Party joined the pact. (“SA parties sign pact to unseat ruling ANC,” BBC, 18 August 2023)

South Africa: Chinese President to attend the BRICS summit during State visit

On 18 August, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC’s spokeswoman stated: “At the invitation of President of the Republic of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa, President Xi Jinping will attend the 15th BRICS Summit to be held in Johannesburg, South Africa, and pay a state visit to South Africa from August 21 to 24.” This will mark the Chinese President Xi Jinping’s second visit to South Africa. China has also expressed its willingness to welcome “like-minded partners” to join BRICS. (“Xi Jinping to make state visit to South Africa, attend BRICS summit,” Al Jazeera, 18 August 2023)

Niger: D-day is decided, says ECOWAS

On 18 August, as the two-day ECOWAS meeting came to an end in Accra, the ECOWAS Commissioner for Political Affairs, Peace and Security Abdel-Fatau Musah disclosed that a “D-day” had been decided for military intervention in Niger. Musah said: “Let no one be in doubt that if everything else fails, the valiant forces of West Africa, both the military and the civilian components, are ready to answer to the call of duty.” Musah emphasized that diplomatic channels are open meanwhile the plan to intervene militarily is also “fine-tuned.” The details regarding the D-day have not been disclosed. (“ECOWAS defence chiefs agree ‘D-day’ for Niger military intervention,” Al Jazeera, 18 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Kenya: African climate summit will not prioritise the Western agenda, says President

On 17 August, Kenya’s President William Ruto affirmed that the African Climate Summit which is to be held from 4 to 6 September 2023 in Nairobi will not be “hijacked by foreign interests.” Ruto responded to an open letter sent to him from 300 African organisations claiming that the summit prioritises Western agendas such as carbon markets. The letter stated that Western organisations and governments are “hellbent on pushing a pro-West agenda and interests at the expense of Africa.” In an interview with BBC, the special adviser for climate change to Ruto, Ali Mohamed said that the summit is an “African endorsed event hosted by an African bank that is going to discuss the challenge to the global community.” (Wedaeli Chibelushi, “Kenya's African climate summit not ‘hijacked by West’,” BBC News, 17 August 2023)

DRC: State of siege ends in two provinces

On 17 August, the members of DRC’s parliament voted in favour of ending the military rule in two eastern provinces namely Ituri and North Kivu where security is deteriorating. The state of siege was levied on the provinces in May 2021 intending to fight the armed rebels. According to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ report, 400 million people are displaced in the provinces. According to a Member of Parliament who participated in the three-day meeting: “The state of siege brought nothing to us…citizens are tired of it. Let the authority be handed back to civilians.” (Samba Cyuzuzo, “DR Congo MPs vote to lift military rule in the east,” BBC, 17 August 2023)

Mali: US condemns attack on UN soldiers leaving Ber

On 14 August, MINUSMA reported that they were under attack twice during their withdrawal from Ber, a town in Mali which resulted in several UN soldiers being wounded. On 17 August, US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller responded: “It is critical that Minusma be permitted to conduct its withdrawal in a safe and orderly manner, and we call on the transition government to cooperate fully until the final Minusma element departs.” (“US concerned by 'worsening violence' in Mali,” BBC, 17 August 2023)

Africa: Ukraine’s Foreign Minister says Kyiv looking to woo Africa 

On 17 August, Al Jazeera reported on Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba’s statements that Ukraine was planning to invest in African countries in an attempt to strengthen ties. He further added that this “strategy is not to replace Russia but to free Africa from Russia’s grip.” He assured that Ukraine would be respectful of these interactions as opposed to the “coercive” tactics used by Russia. (“Ukraine’s Kuleba promises to ‘free Africa from Russia’s grip’,” Al Jazeera, 17 August 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Niger: 17 soldiers killed in jihadist attack; ECOWAS to discuss potential intervention post-coup

On 16 August, BBC Africa quoted the Ministry of Defence and the National Guard of Niger, which reported that at least 17 soldiers were killed in a jihadist attack in the Tillabéri region, close to the border with Burkina Faso. The ministry stated: "The prompt reaction of the military and the air-land response initiated at the scene of the clash made it possible to deal with the enemy." This is the seventh Islamist militant attack in the country since the coup on 26 July. Meanwhile, on 15 August, ECOWAS announced that army chiefs of the member states will be meeting in Ghana's capital Accra on 17 August to discuss a potential military intervention to reinstate civilian rule in Niger. (“More than a dozen Niger soldiers killed in attack near Mali border,” Al Jazeera, 16 August 2023) 

Kenya: Public debt hits record high

On 16 August, according to Kenya’s treasury, the public debt rose to a record high of USD 10.8 in the past financial year amounting to USD 70.75 billion breaching the debt ceiling of KES 10.1 trillion. The Treasury stated: “The increase in the public debt is attributed to external loan disbursements, exchange rate fluctuations and the uptake of domestic and external debt.” The cost of debt servicing for the past financial year was USD 391 billion of which USD 743 million was to China. The Fitch Ratings reported that the state of Kenya’s capability to repay the loans changed from stable to negative. In June, lawmakers voted in favour of increasing the debt ceiling to the proportion of Kenya’s GDP which is yet to be amended. (“Kenya's public debt rises by a record $10.8 billion,” Africanews, 16 August 2023) 

Nigeria: “No plan to increase fuel prices,” assures President

On 16 August, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu declared that there is “no plan to increase the prices of fuel at this time.” Several oil marketers’ alerted that the fuel price will go up for the third time since May 2023 due to the foreign exchange crisis. The President’s spokesman Ajuri Ngelale in an interview with BBC assured that the current price will be maintained without “reversing our deregulation policy by swiftly cleaning up existing inefficiencies within the midstream and downstream petroleum sector.” (Azeezat Olaoluwa, “No current plan to raise Nigeria fuel prices - Tinubu,” BBC News, 16 August 2023)

Libya: 55 killed in clashes

On 16 August, Al Jazeera reported that at least 55 people were killed and 146 were wounded in a clash between armed groups in the Libyan capital Tripoli. The fighting erupted on 14 August between two armed groups, the 444 Brigade and the Special Deterrence Force (SDF), active since the overthrow of longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The clashes were triggered following the detention of the head of the 444 Brigade, Colonel Mahmoud Hamza, by the rival Special Deterrence Force. On 15 August, the social council in the eastern suburb of Souq al-Jumaa, an SDF stronghold, said that an agreement had been reached with Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, head of the UN-recognized government based in Tripoli, for Hamza to be handed over to a "neutral party." The council said that a ceasefire would be initiated following the transfer of Hamza. Both armed factions are aligned with Dbeibah's government. (“Dozens dead as armed forces clash in Libya - medics,” BBC News, 16 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Niger: ECOWAS military heads to meet on Niger issue

On 15 August, Al Jazeera reported that the military leaders of ECOWAS were scheduled for meetings on 17 and 18 August to discuss the possible use of force in Niger to help overthrow the coup. This comes after the regional bloc consented to military intervention in Niger as a last resort and also approved the activation of standby forces. Meanwhile, ECOWAS leaders continue their efforts to engage diplomatically with the military government in Niger. (“West African military chiefs to discuss Niger crisis Thursday and Friday,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023) 

Niger: Envoy in Abidjan called back in protest to comments from President Alassane Ouattara

On 14 August, the Nigerian envoy in Abidjan in Ivory Coast was recalled to Niger by the country’s military government. This was in response to Ivory Coast’s President Alassane Ouattara’s statement that ECOWAS had approved to conduct a military intervention in Niger “as soon as possible.” A comment from Niger’s coup representatives said: “... this unusual declaration by President Ouattara and his eagerness to carry out an aggression against Niger which is in every way illegal and senseless, reflects in reality an order addressed to him and certain of his peers in the ECOWAS by other external powers…” Ouattara made the comment after an ECOWAS meeting that agreed to activation of standby forces and the possible use of force in Niger to restore the deposed President Bazoum. (“Niger generals recall envoy from Abidjan after remarks by president Ouattara,” Africanews, 15 August 2023) 

Niger: Leaders of Mali and Russia emphasize peaceful resolution

On 15 August, Mali’s transitional leader Colonel Assimi Goita tweeted that he and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin over a call discussed the condition in Niger. The call was made by Bamako. Goita wrote that Putin “stresses the importance of a peaceful resolution of the situation for a more stable Sahel.” A statement released by the Kremlin disclosed: “The parties specifically focused on the current situation in the Sahara-Sahel region and emphasised, in particular, the importance of settling the situation in the Republic of Niger solely through peaceful political and diplomatic means.” (“Putin urges ‘peaceful resolution’ as Mali and Russia discuss Niger,”  Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023) 

Kenya: Government to subsidise fuel prices

On 15 August, according to Al Jazeera, an energy regulator reported that the government has reinstated a subsidy to stabilise the retail price of fuel which has increased as the tax hiked. In September 2022, Kenyan President William Ruto upon taking office, cancelled the fuel and maize flour subsidies which along with tax hikes led to a cost of living crisis. On 14 August, the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) said that the maximum retail price of a litre of petrol would remain at USD 1.35. The government will subsidise the increase of USD 0.05 through a price stabilisation fund. (“Kenya reinstates fuel subsidy after months of violent protests,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023)

Sudan: Mass displacement amid looming famine

On 15 August, BBC reported that several international aid agencies declared that the situation in Sudan is worsening with millions displaced who depend on aid. The agencies warned of an inevitable famine. According to the BBC, a joint statement from 20 global organisations reported that 14 million children are in need of humanitarian aid and over four million people have been displaced. (Richard Hamilton, “Millions on verge of famine in Sudan, warn aid chiefs,”  BBC News, 15 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Ethiopia: 26 civilians killed in clashes in Amhara

On 14 August, Al Jazeera reported that at least 26 people were killed in Ethiopia's Amhara region in a suspected airstrike by Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF). The new wave of clashes erupted on 7 August after Amhara regional militia Fano accused the Ethiopian government of trying to weaken Amhara's defences by incorporating the regional militia with the ENDF. The clashes in the Amhara region erupted nine months after the end of a two-year conflict in the neighbouring Tigray region. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) raised "grave concern" over the "deadly hostilities" and called on "conflicting parties to immediately end" all alleged human rights violations. Previously on 4 August, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed had announced a six-month state of emergency across the region. (“Suspected air strike kills two dozen people in Ethiopia’s Amhara region,” Al Jazeera, 14 August 2023) 

Sudan: Army general accuses RSF and Dagalo of committing war crimes

On 14 August, the Sudanese Army’s General Abdel Fattah al Burhan in a televised speech accused the RSF and its General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo of committing war crimes. Burhan stated: “How can you bring about democracy by committing war crimes, which have been committed in Khartoum, El Geneina, Kutum, Tawila, Sirba, Slileira, Munawashi, Kèss and every inch stepped upon by the rebels in the country since their ill-fated mutiny.” (“Sudan's Burhan accuses rival RSF of 'war crimes',” Africanews, 14 August 2023)

Ghana: Dissent rises against the deployment of Ghanaian soldiers in Niger 

On 14 August, Africanews reported on the opposition’s dissent to deploy Ghanaian soldiers in ECOWAS’s proposal of military intervention against Niger in response to the coup. According to Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, a member of the foreign affairs committee’s interview with the BBC: “Resorting to military intervention is not the optimal course of action.” Ablakwa emphasized: “Our valiant Ghanaian soldiers should be kept removed from the impending risks of violence and the escalating geopolitical tensions, which could lead to extensive destabilization in an already precarious region.” (“Ghana opposition warn president on Niger troop plans,” Africanews, 14 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Niger: Military charges President with high treason

On 13 August, a spokesman for Niger’s military on national television declared the charges against the country’s president Mohamed Bazoum. Bazoum has been held at the president’s official residence along with his family since 26 July. The statement accused Bazoum of “high treason and undermining the internal and external security.” The accusation followed the Nigerian Islamic delegation who announced the military’s willingness to negotiate with the ECOWAS. ECOWAS responded: “It represents yet another form of provocation and contradicts the reported willingness of the military authorities in the Republic of Niger to restore constitutional order through peaceful means.” UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric expressed concerns regarding the health of the President and called on the military to restore Bazoum as the head of State. (“Niger military to prosecute Mohamed Bazoum for ‘high treason’,” Al Jazeera, 14 August 2023) 

Mali: MINUSMA leaves Ber retroceding to the military

On 13 August, MINUSMA stated that it had “anticipated” its withdrawal from Ber, a northern region where security is deteriorating, posing a threat to the Blue Helmets. MINUSMA also reported that they were under attack twice during their withdrawal, leaving some UN soldiers wounded. The Malian army, FAMA, recovered Ber, which was also desired by the Tuareg rebellion. (“In Mali, the army recovers a UN base coveted by the former Tuareg rebellion,” Africanews, 14 August 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Tanzania: High Court dismisses petition to suspend UAE’s DP World to run ports

On 11 August, a petition to suspend a deal between UAE and Tanzania under which DP World, a UAE-based logistics company, was to run several Tanzania ports was dismissed by the high court. Following the approval of the deal on 10 June 2023, according to the BBC, 18 critics of the deal from Dar es Salaam were arrested on 19 June 2023. HRW’s Tanzania researcher, Oryem Nyeko stated: “Instead of clamping down on critics, the government should respect the right to freedom of expression and assembly, and listen to them.” DP World has already taken over the management of ports in Egypt, Somaliland, Puntland and the Democratic Republic of Congo and is interested in taking over ports in Kenya. (Gloria Aradi, Court allows UAE deal to run Tanzania ports,” BBC News, 11 August) 

Niger: Standby forces readied by ECOWAS after meeting

On 10 August, at an ECOWAS meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, leaders conceded to an armed intervention in Niger to overthrow the military leadership. They consented to have a ‘stand-by’ military force ready for action. However, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinube, who is also the current chair of the bloc, said that the use of force would be “a last resort.” A spokesperson reported that while the contribution of troops from each member is currently unknown, the larger goal is “to bring General Abdourahmane Tchiani to the dialogue table.” (“Niger coup: Ecowas to deploy standby force,” BBC, 11 August 2023)

Niger: US joins ECOWAS in call for peaceful restoration of order 

On 11 August, BBC reported that the US has hailed ECOWAS’s decision to try all possible options to restore Niger’s deposed president before using force. This comes after the regional block agreed on having a “stand-by'' force ready for action. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken joined ECOWAS’s demand for constitutional order in Niger and informed that the US places the responsibility for the safety of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum on the military leaders. (“US backs peaceful resolution of Niger coup,” BBC, 11 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Niger: Military announces consolidation of new government 

On 9 August, a decree from the coup leader of Niger, General Abdourahamane Tiani Niger declared that the military had formed a new government in the country. The government comprises 21 ministers led by the new Prime Minister Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeine. As per reports, the defence and interior ministries are headed by generals. The announcement came ahead of the meeting of ECOWAS leaders that is scheduled for 10 August. (“Niger: coup military regime forms government,” Africanews, 10 August 2023) 

Niger: ECOWAS meeting orders standby forces to activate

On 10 August, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) convened for a meeting at Abuja, Nigeria where it discussed the situation in Niger. The leaders directed the initiation of ECOWAS’s standby forces, stating: “No option is taken off the table, including the use of force as a last resort.” They also agreed on implementing sanctions and travel bans on those attempting to stop the restoration of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. ECOWAS head and Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu reassured: “I hope that through our collective effort we can bring about a peaceful resolution as a roadmap to restoring stability and democracy in Niger. All is not lost yet.” (“ECOWAS leaders say all options open in Niger, including ‘use of force’,” Al Jazeera, 10 August 2023) 

Mali: Government suspends issuance of visas to French nationals

On 10 August, according to Mali’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the issuance of visas to French nationals was indefinitely suspended at its embassy in Paris. The Ministry confirmed that the move was in response to France’s decision to suspend the issuance of visas and the closure of its visa centre in Bamako. The Ministry stated that it was a surprise to learn that France has declared Mali as a “red zone” due to “strong regional tensions.” (“Mali suspends visas for French citizens amid row,” BBC, 10 August)

Uganda: President Museveni accuses World Bank of coercion

On 10 August, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni accused the World Bank of trying “to coerce” the government on its anti-LGBTQ legislation introduced in May. The developments come after the World Bank suspended new loans to the country attributing to the law against the LGBTQ claiming that it contradicts the values. President Museveni stated that it is unfortunate that the lender is seeking to “coerce us into abandoning our faith, culture, principles and sovereignty, using money.” He added: “They really under-estimate all Africans. We do not need pressure from anybody to know how to solve problems in our society. They are our problems.” (“Ugandan leader accuses World Bank of coercion,” BBC, 10 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Libya: At least 27 migrants found dead in the desert; Tunisia rejects the allegations of expelling 

On 9 August, Al Jazeera quoted Libyan authorities, who reported that at least 27 people from sub-Saharan Africa died in the desert near the Libyan border after being expelled from Tunisia. Tunisia began expelling sub-Saharan African migrants after violence erupted in the Tunisian city of Sfax following the death of a Tunisian citizen. According to Libyan border guards, nearly 150 expelled migrants cross into Libya in a day. Tunisian Ministry of Interior spokesperson Faker Bouzgaya rejected the allegations stating: “People who meet the conditions for legal entry into Tunisia will be allowed in. Tunisia is not responsible for what happens outside its borders.” (“At least 27 people found dead in desert after expulsion from Tunisia: Libya,” Al Jazeera, 9 August 2023)

Ghana: Sanctions on Niger to impact food supply and prices

On 9 August, BBC reported fears in Ghana regarding the increase in food prices following the sanctions placed by ECOWAS on Niger. Ghana depends on Niger for its supply of onions. In 2021, Niger exported onions worth USD 23 million to Ghana and the surrounding West African countries. Ghana is already experiencing inflation, and with the stoppage of onions from Niger, experts estimate that the cost of a bag of onions will shoot up by almost 90 per cent. (Favour Nunoo, “Ghana traders fear Niger sanctions could raise their prices,” BBC, 9 August 2023)

Kenya: Government begins talks with the opposition

On 9 August, following the protests against the government, the Kenyan government commenced the talks with the opposition led by Raila Odinga. Odinga has led several protests in response to the tax hikes and the high cost of living, calling for electoral reforms. According to the government, 20 people have died during the protests so far. (Richard Hamilton, Kenya talks to resolve cost-of-living tension begin, BBC, 9 August 2023)

Sudan: UNSC warns of a prolonged ethnic conflict

On 9 August, UN Assistant Secretary-General for Africa, Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee, briefed on the worsening crisis in Sudan and a possible prolongment of ethnic conflict in the UNSC. Pobee declared: “The fighting in Darfur continues to reopen the old wounds of ethnic tension, of past conflicts in the region. The brutal violence experienced in El-Geneina and Sirba are particular examples of this situation. This is deeply worrying and could quickly engulf the country in a prolonged ethnic conflict with regional spillovers.” The Director of Operations and Advocacy at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Edem Wosornu, reported 80 per cent of the hospitals are shut down, and half the children in the country require humanitarian aid. On 8 August, the UN informed that the first humanitarian convoy carrying 430 tons of agricultural seed will reach East Darfur. (“Sudan war: Brutal violence could engulf country in prolonged ethnic conflict - UN,” Africanews, 10 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Central African Republic: Opposition condemns presidential tenure extension after passing of referendum 

On 8 August, Al Jazeera reported that the Central African Republic (CAR) opposition has called out the adoption of a new draft constitution in the country that will enable the president to extend his tenure, saying that the president was aiming for life Presidency. On 7 July, the national poll body had announced that 95.27 per cent had voted favourably in the referendum with an overall turnout of 61.10 per cent. With this, current President Faustin-Archange Touadera is cleared to run again in the 2025 elections. However, the report cited that the turnout for voting in the referendum was low, a point that was reiterated by an opposition leader who said: “...we’ve all seen that people didn’t go out to vote and it doesn’t reflect the will of the Central African people.” (“Opposition cries foul as voters in CAR approve tenure elongation,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023) 

Niger: Military snubs joint diplomatic effort from ECOWAS, UN and the African Union

On 8 August, a planned delegation comprising representatives of the African Union (AU), UN, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was denied permission to enter Niger by its military leaders. So far, Niger’s military leaders have not entertained any diplomatic efforts from outside, including the UN and the US. ECOWAS heads are scheduled to hold a meeting on 10 August to discuss further actions with regard to Niger. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu, who also holds the chair of ECOWAS, said: “diplomacy is the best way forward.” However, the possible use of force to overthrow the coup is not completely disregarded by the bloc. (“Niger coup leaders rebuff diplomatic overtures from AU, ECOWAS,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023)

Niger: Number of people in need of humanitarian assistance increases

On 8 August, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Niger Louise Aubin warned that regional sanctions and border and airspace closures will increase the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance. According to Aubin: “More than the 4.3 million people we had planned on supporting through emergency humanitarian assistance, we might see that number growing and growing fast.” Aubin added that the efforts of the UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) are being disrupted due to the airspace closure but are not completely suspended. On 7 August, UN Relief Chief Martin Griffiths highlighted the crisis in Niger urging the international community to help. (Sanctions, airspace closures hamper UN humanitarian efforts in Niger,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Burkina Faso: France cancels aid

On 7 August, France cancelled all development aid and budget support to Burkina Faso as the ECOWAS deadline to restore the ousted Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum ended on 6 August. Bamoko condemned ECOWAS’ announcement of possible military intervention in Niger by calling it a “declaration of war” following the coup in Niger. (“France suspends aid to Burkina Faso,” BBC News, 7 August 2023)

Ethiopia: Intense clashes in Amhara

On 7 August, BBC Africa reported on intense clashes between Amhara regional forces and Ethiopian federal forces. The clashes were reported in the cities of Bahir Dar and Gondar, in the Amhara region. A state of emergency has been declared in the region following the clashes. Amhara regional head Yilkal Kefale, called on the federal government to intervene, claiming that security in the region had become “difficult to control within regular law enforcement mechanisms.” The Ethiopian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Demeke Mekonnen, raised concerns stating: "There could be grievances that have not been addressed, but the best way to solve them is dialogue as any other means will only hinder efforts to address the same grievances, make us lose what we have and complicate issues that we want solved permanently.” Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom, expressed concerns over the ongoing violence. He commented: “Humanitarian access is difficult due to blockage of roads; communication is difficult due to internet suspension.” (Kalkidan Yibeltal, Fighting intensifies in Ethiopia's Amhara region,” BBC News, 7 August 2023) 

Nigeria: Attacks on farmers

On 7 August, BBC reported that Save the Children, a charity organization, had alerted that Nigeria’s food security was endangered by the attacks on farmers by armed groups. According to data, at least 120 farmers were killed and 30 were abducted in the first half of this year. Furthermore, 25 million Nigerians could be pushed into food insecurity this year according to the UN. (“Armed groups threaten Nigeria food security - charity,” BBC, 7 August 2023) 

Niger: Mali and Burkina Faso send delegations

On 7 August, as the deadline to return the ousted Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum to power ended on 6 August, delegations from Mali and Burkina Faso visited Niamey. Both countries showcased their support to the leaders of the coup. Bamako and Ouagadougou had condemned ECOWAS’ possible foreign intervention if Niamey failed to restore Bazoum to power, as a “declaration of war.” (“Mali, Burkina Faso, sends delegation to Niger in solidarity,” Africanews, 8 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Kenya: Nairobi will lead the “assessment mission” says Haiti’s Prime Minister

On 4 August, Al Jazeera reported on the Haitians’ reaction to Kenya’s willingness to lead a multinational force to respond to the gang violence in the country. As a result of the persisting violence, Haiti is facing an increase in sexual abuse and cholera outbreak. In October 2022, Haiti’s Prime Minister Ariel Henry called on the international community to form a “specialised armed force” to counter the rising violence. The Haitian civil society groups resented Henry’s call stating the consequences of past foreign interventions. On 29 July, Kenya’s Foreign Minister Alfred Mutua offered to deploy 1000 police officers and to lead the multinational force on an “assessment mission.” Mutua tweeted: An assessment Mission by a Task Team of the Kenya Police is scheduled within the next few weeks. This assessment will inform and guide the mandate and operational requirements of the Mission.” While the UN and the US welcomed Nairobi’s decision, there are concerns that the Kenyan police would be in charge given their deteriorating human rights record. On 1 August, Henry assured that Kenya would be leading the potential mission. (Scepticism, uncertainty, hope: Haitians react to possible Kenya-led mission, Al Jazeera, 4 August 2023)

Uganda: UN Human rights office closes down

On 5 August, following the end of its mandate by the Ugandan government, the UN’s human rights mission was closed after 18 years of operating in Kampala. Human rights offices in northern Uganda have been closed too. On 4 August, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk highlighted that most of the 54 NGOs closed in 2021 are still closed and the amended computer misuse law can curb freedom of expression. Türk added that human rights defenders, civil society actors and journalists are working in a “hostile environment” ahead of the 2026 elections. He urged the Ugandan government to let the national human rights body function efficiently. (UN human rights office shuts in Uganda,” BBC News, 4 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Niger: General Salifou Mody meets the leader of Mali

On 3 August, one of the officers involved in the coup General Salifou Mody on his visit to Mali met with leader Colonel Assimi Goita. The meeting was held following Mali and Burkina Faso’s condemnation of ECOWAS’ announcement of possible military intervention in Niger by calling it a “declaration of war.” (“Niger Coup Leader Visits Mali,”  Africanews, 3 August 2023)

Sudan: Amnesty International raises war crime concerns

On 3 August, BBC reported on Amnesty International appealing against the war crimes committed during the conflict in Sudan. It found that members from both the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied Arab militias were behind the crimes, which also included widespread sexual assaults on women and young girls. Furthermore, UN groups have raised alerts regarding the acute food shortage in Sudan, which is estimated to impact over 20 million people. (Will Ross, “War crimes committed by both sides in Sudan - Amnesty,” BBC, 3 August 2023) 

Niger: Pro-coup protests and Biden's support for Bazoum

On 3 August, supporters of the Niger coup gathered in the capital, Niamey. Several demonstrators waved Russian flags; one of them said: “Only security that interests us, irrespective of whether it came from Russia, China, Turkey if they want to help us.” They also expressed anti-French sentiments stating that France, its former colonizer, had only looted them. The same day, US President Joe Biden stated: “The United States stands with the people of Niger” and called for democracy to be restored along with the release of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum.  (“Pro-coup protests continue in Niger as Biden urges Bazoum release,” Al Jazeera, 3 August 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Niger: Nigeria to cut electricity supply to Niger

On 2 August, Africanews reported that Nigeria had cut its electricity supply to Niger following the sanctions imposed by the ECOWAS. Additionally, ECOWAS has stated that it would freeze energy transactions until the restoration of constitutional order in Niger. On 30 July, Nigerian President Bola Tinubu stated that sanctions will be imposed on members who usurped President-elect Mohamed Bazoum. ("Nigeria cuts electricity to Niger after coup," Africanews, 2 August 2023)

Niger: Niamey opens borders

On 1 August, the spokesperson of Niger’s military government stated: “The land and air borders with Algeria, Burkina Faso, Mali, Libya and Chad are reopened from 01 August 2023.” The borders were closed on 26 July 2023 following the coup. At present, only the borders in the desert areas are open. ECOWAS’s sanctions bar the country to open its borders for trade and commerce. (“Niger reopens borders with five neighbours a week after coup,” Al Jazeera, 2 August 2023)

Senegal: Protests continue after the arrest of Ousmane Sonko 

On 2 August, BBC reported that following the arrest of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko, and the dissolution of his party, protests continued in various parts of Senegal. The interior ministry said that they are trying to restore order. Sonko’s party, Pastef, responded to the dissolution by stating: “Senegal's stability is now compromised because the people will never accept this ultimate forfeiture of power against 'the favourite.” Meanwhile, Sonko has maintained that his arrest was made on false charges. (Nicolas Negoce, “Protests persist in Senegal after Sonko crackdown,” BBC, 2 August 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Senegal: The arrest of opposition figure sparks terror in Senegal

On 1 August, Al Jazeera reported on the death of two people in the city of Ziguinchor in Senegal. The clashes followed after the arrest of Ousmane Sonko, the opposition leader. Sonko was remanded on charges of criminal association with terrorists and for stimulating insurrection. The government has further dissolved Sonko’s Patriots of Senegal Party (PASTEF). The PASTEF supporters have accused Senegal’s President Macky Sall of sidelining the opponent. (“Two killed in Senegal in protests over arrest of opposition figure Sonko,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)

Niger: Mali and Burkina Faso caution against the use of force to overturn the coup 

On 31 July, the military leadership of Niger’s neighbours, Burkina Faso and Mali announced: “Any military intervention against Niger would be tantamount to a declaration of war against Burkina Faso and Mali.” They warned that this would have terrible consequences for the entire region. This comes after the regional bloc, ECOWAS, suggested the use of force to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum in Niger who was overthrown in a coup on 26 July. The military leaders further announced their refusal to levy the “illegal, illegitimate and inhumane sanctions against the people and authorities of Niger.” (“Burkina Faso, Mali warn against military intervention in Niger,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023) 

Niger: EU reassures no risks in uranium supply

On 1 August, Euratom, the EU’s nuclear agency, reassured that the coup in Niger would not have any consequences on the EU’s nuclear power generation that uses uranium from Niger. According to the agency, they have uranium reserves enough to last another three years, stating: “If imports from Niger are being cut, there are no immediate risks to the security of nuclear power production in the short term.” Euratom reported that in 2022, 25.4 per cent of the EU’s natural uranium was sourced from Niger. (“EU sees no uranium supply risks to nuclear production after Niger coup,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)

Niger: European countries evacuate citizens

On 1 August, a plane carrying 262 French and European nationals left for Paris Roissy Charles de Gaulle airport. Following the attack on the French embassy in Niamey, France announced the evacuation of both French and European citizens. Two more flights are scheduled. The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France stated that the closure of Niger’s airspace disabled the French and Europeans to leave on their own. The large-scale evacuation by the French is the first of its kind from the Sahel. Germany, Italy, and Spain will begin the process of evacuation. According to Al Jazeera, 600 French, 70 Spaniards, and 100 Germans are in Niger. (“European countries begin evacuation of citizens from coup-hit Niger,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Niger: ECOWAS leaders give seven days to the junta to step down, warn military action 

On 30 July, heads of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) met in Abuja, Nigeria to discuss the coup in Niger. The regional bloc stressed “zero tolerance” towards coups and said that they would “take all measures necessary to restore constitutional order” in Niger. They also stated that these measures could involve the use of force. ECOWAS has issued an ultimatum of seven days to the military junta for the restoration of power to Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. Furthermore, financial sanctions were imposed on the junta along with a reiteration of the closure of Niger’s airspace and land borders. Meanwhile, the self-appointed new leader of Niger, general Abdourahmane Tchiani said that: “We once again reiterate to Ecowas or any other adventurer our firm determination to defend our fatherland.” (Haruna Shehu Tangaza, Farouk Chothia, “Niger coup: West African leaders threaten military intervention,” BBC, 31 July 2023)

South Africa: Protest against the Employment Equity Amendment Law

On 26 July, the opposition Democratic Alliance members marched towards the parliament criticising the new Employment Equity Amendment (EEA) law in Cape Town. The EEA bill was signed by the President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa on 12 April 2023 to close the racial economic gap. According to the World Bank, 40 per cent of Black South Africans were unemployed while only 7.5 per cent of white South Africans were unemployed from January to March 2023. The EEA is applicable to employers who employ over 50 people except for security and intelligence agencies. Under the law, the Minister of Employment and Labour is to allocate numerical targets to achieve equitable representation. Critics state that such quotas can harm the economy and white, coloured and Indian people can lose their jobs. The South African government stated that EEA will bring fairer representation than job losses. (Nkateko Mabasa, South Africa’s controversial ‘race quota’ law stirs debate,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)

Central African Republic: Opposition boycotts the constitutional referendum

On 30 July, the opposition boycotted the constitutional referendum leading to the voting being culminated. The new constitution will provide the President of CAR Faustin-Archange Touadera another chance to run for a third term. The presidential term will also be extended from five to seven years. The Senate will be cancelled and a new role of Vice-President will be introduced. The results are expected by the end of the week and the constitutional court will adopt it in 21 days. (Azeezat Olaoluwa, “CAR awaits outcome of referendum to end term limits,” BBC News, 31 July 2023) 

Niger: Germany suspends aid to Niger

On 31 July, Al Jazeera reported on Germany suspending financial aid and halting cooperation with Niger, until further notice. Germany’s state secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Joechen Flasberth commented on the importance of a response from the Western African countries. General Abdourahamane Tiani, the commander of Niger’s presidential guard, has proclaimed himself as the head of the transnational government after the soldiers overthrew Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum. (“Germany suspends aid to Niger, cooperation after coup,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)

Niger: Bond worth USD 51 million halted by West African central bank

On 31 July, Al Jazeera reported that the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) has called off a USD 51 million bond issuance by Niger. This follows other sanctions placed on Niger by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) due to the military coup that overthrew President Mohamed Bazoum from power. (“West African central bank cancels Niger $51m bond issuance due to sanctions,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)

Niger: Junta claims France of planning a military engagement to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum

On 31 July, BBC reported on statements by the Niger junta that France was strategizing a military intervention to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum. The junta also said that officials affiliated with the ousted government were involved with France’s plan. (“Niger junta accuses France of military strike plan,” BBC, 31 July 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Niger: “They have got rid of the colonisers,” says Prigozhin

On 27 July, Wagner Group head Yevgeny Prigozhin lauded the coup in Niger and claimed no involvement in it. According to Al Jazeera, a voice message of Prigozhin in Telegram channels related to the Wagner Group surfaced emphasising Niger’s independence from its colonisers. Prigozhin’s voice message stated: “What happened in Niger is nothing other than the struggle of the people of Niger with their colonisers. With colonisers who are trying to foist their rules of life on them and their conditions and keep them in the state that Africa was in hundreds of years ago. Today, this is effectively gaining their independence. The rest will, without doubt, depend on the citizens of Niger and how effective governance will be, but the main thing is this: They have got rid of the colonisers.” (“Russia’s Wagner boss appears to hail Niger coup, tout services,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)

Niger: Following the coup, general Abdourahmane Tchiani self-appoints as leader of a transitional government

On 28 July, the head of Niger’s presidential guard, general Abdourahmane Tchiani, announced himself as the leader of the transitional government in the country following the coup that removed President Mohamed Bazoum from power. The coup was carried out by a soldiers unit called the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, led by Tchiani. Tchiani said that “the security approach today has not brought security to the country despite heavy sacrifices,” stating that the “intervention” was required to save the country from a “gradual and inevitable demise.” Furthermore, the general has not divulged any information on the reinstating of a civilian government. (“Niger general Tchiani named head of transitional government after coup,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)

Senegal: Eminent opposition leader Ousmane Sonko apprehended 

On 28 July, a prominent member of the opposition, Ousmane Sonko was arrested, although the official reason for his arrest is unknown. However, according to Sonko’s lawyer, the politician was arrested for “stealing a mobile phone and inciting violence.” According to the lawyer, Sonko had grabbed a mobile phone from a police officer for filming him. Earlier on the day, Sonko had complained on social media that security forces outside his residence were recording him, adding: “I ask the people to stand ready to face this endless abuse.” The opposition leader who is also a presidential candidate has been facing legal hurdles in recent years. He has said that these are attempts to sidetrack his political plans, and has also accused Senegal’s President Macky Sall of deliberately trying to remove him from the upcoming 2024 elections by using court cases against him. (“Top Senegalese opposition leader Ousmane Sonko arrested: Lawyer,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)

Kenya: The Court permits way for the controversial tax hikes

On 28 July, BBC reported on the Kenyan Court’s Appeal which lifted the suspension of controversial finance law. The law has led to deadly unrest in the country. The legislation has allowed the raise in taxes framed by the government and was later frozen, followed by a senator’s question towards its legality. The law was approved by William Ruto, the President of Kenya and he further promoted demonstrations across the country. More than 30 people, mainly opposition supporters, died during the clash between the protesters and police. The law uplifted the value-added tax (VAT) from 8 per cent to 16 per cent and over 1,5 per cent of housing was introduced. The report also claimed a possible trigger of protests led by the ruling party. Further, an increase in tax is expected to hit over USD 2 billion for the government which is currently on low funds. (Anthony Irungu, “Kenyan court clears way for controversial tax hikes,” BBC, 28 July 2023)

Sudan: Paramilitary fighters destroy the military jets

On 28 July, BBC reported on the destruction of three military jets caused by the Paramilitary fighters at the Wadi Seidna airbase in Khartoum, the capital city. Although the sources confirmed that the military has carried out their air strikes on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the RSF denied any destruction or death of people. The Wadi Seidna air base received foreign government support to evacuate their nationals by mid-April. The major assault resulted in a coincidence with General Mohamed Hamdon Dagalo, the head of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and deputy, who visited Chad and other countries to expand the support. The report recalled RSF's origin, brutal rebels and widespread ethnic cleansing practices. The army of the country has established its air strikes and artillery to combat the RSF attacks. Further, the number of deaths in the conflict was estimated to be around 3,000 and the Darfur region alone held a strong death toll of 11,000 people respectively. (Zeinab Mohammed Salih, “Sudan military jets destroyed by rivals in Khartoum,” BBC, 28 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Niger: Governing party’s headquarters burnt down amid rising condemnation 

On 26 July, the spokesperson of the Niger’s army Colonel Amadow Abdramane said that the military has “put an end to the regime that you know due to the deteriorating security situation and bad governance.” Abramane added that Niger’s borders are closed, curfews are placed and government institutions are suspended. On 27 July, amid rising condemnation from the international community, the ruling party’s headquarters in Niamey was burnt down by the coup supporters. The same day, Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum tweeted: “The hard-won achievements will be safeguarded. All Nigerians who love democracy and freedom will see to it.” Countries including the US, Germany, France, Russia and the UN called for the release of the President and for democracy to return. France’s Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs said: “We firmly condemn the coup that took place in Niger against the country’s civilian democratic authorities.” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres declared the coup as “unconstitutional.” (Niger’s Bazoum: ‘Hard-won’ democratic gains will be protected despite coup,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023; “Niger situation remains ‘fluid’ as army backs coup plotters,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023)

Africa: Russia’s President proposes free grain for six African countries 

On 27 July, Al Jazeera reported that following Russia’s withdrawal from the Black Sea grain deal, Russian President, Vladimir Putin, offered to send free grain to six African countries. According to Putin, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mali, Somalia, Eritrea, and the Central African Republic will receive nearly 50,000 tonnes of grain over the next three to four months, stating: “I have already said that our country can replace Ukrainian grain, both on a commercial basis and as grant aid to the neediest African countries, more so since we expect another record harvest this year.” Putin made the statements at a summit he attended with nearly 50 African leaders. However, an official from the Centre for Global Development said that grain aid will fall short of securing food needs in Africa. (“Russia making efforts to avert food crisis, Putin tells African nations,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Sudan: Nyala city residents killed during Sudan’s prolonged battle

On 26 July, BBC reported on the death of over 30 civilians in the Nyala city in Sudan. Several days of heavy fighting by the paramilitary, Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and the allied Arab militias has been taking over the country’s main army base located in Darfur. Due to the heavy artillery and shell attacks, the residents have left the village to the nearby cities. The human rights workers talked about the forced actions of RSF fighters, who took over the civilian’s cars. Since the power erupted between the army and the RSF, the western region of Darfur witnessed the worst violence. Further, the region has attempted several ceasefire acceptances. (Will Ross, “City residents killed in battle for Sudan army base,” BBC, 26 July 2023)

Niger: Soldiers group announce the removal of President Mohamed Bazoum 

On 26 July, a group of soldiers calling themselves the National Council for the Safeguarding of the country announced that they had removed President Mohamed Bazoum from power, stating: “The defence and security forces … have decided to put an end to the regime you are familiar with.” They further informed of a nationwide curfew along with the closure of Niger’s borders. The development follows media reports that Bazoum was detained at his palace by soldiers. The US has extended its support to the “democratically elected President of Niger,” calling for his immediate release. (“Soldiers in Niger claim to have overthrown President Mohamed Bazoum,” Al Jazeera, 26 July 2023)

Ethiopia: Tigray fighters were demobilised back to their homes

On 26 July, BBC reported on the demobilisation of Tigray fighters. A senior figure of Tigray’s administration reported that more than 55,000 Tigray fighters, who took part in Ethiopia's Tigray region were demobilised back to their communities. General Tadesse Worde, the commander of the Tigray force called the fighters as the “heroes who paid sacrifices.” Over half a million were killed during the war, which caused a humanitarian crisis in the country. Additionally, the troops from the Eritrea region were accused of several abuses during the conflict. Further, the issue has worsened the hunger-related deaths, amid the suspension of aid from the UN. (Kalkidan Yibeltal, “Tigray fighters demobilised and sent home as 'heroes',” BBC, 26 July 2023)

Sudan: Peace talks in Togo discuss Darfur violence  

On 24 July, peace talks conducted in Togo’s capital of Lomé discussed the de-escalation of violence in Sudan’s Darfur region. A Rapid Support Forces (RSF) representative said that they wanted an end to the violence, stating their willingness to involve in any “kind of meeting for peace and bringing people together, and stop the war in Darfur and in Sudan.” Meanwhile, a Darfur rebel group representative stated that they were attempting to stop the violence from spiralling into a civil war, stressing that “a roadmap and an action plan” were necessary to coordinate with other leaders in the region. Meanwhile, the reopening of the RSF-held El-Geneina airport in Darfur to facilitate humanitarian aid transport was also discussed. (“Peace talks for Sudan's western region of Darfur held in Lomé,” Africanews, 26 July 2023)

West Africa: ECOWAS president emphasizes rising insecurity in the region

On 25 July, President of the ECOWAS, Omar Touray, in the UNSC, highlighted that West Africa registered 1800 attacks resulting in 4593 deaths in 2023. In the first six months of 2023, 2275 attacks have been recorded in Burkina Faso, 844 in Mali, 77 in Niger and 70 in Nigeria. Touray added that 6.2 million are internally displaced due to lack of food; 42 million will face food insecurity in August 2023. He said: “The reversal of democratic gains runs parallel to insecurity that West Africa and the Sahel have been facing for some time now.” He added that ECOWAS military chiefs proposed a brigade of 5000 at an annual cost of USD 2.3 billion or deployment of troops on request at an annual cost of USD 360 million. He called for the allocation of funds from the UN's regular budget for the AU’s peace operations. (“Over 1,800 ‘terrorist attacks’ in West Africa in 2023: ECOWAS,” Al Jazeera, 26 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Kenya: The opposition group announces its public vigils

On 25 July, BBC reported on the mass vigil declared by the Kenyan opposition group. After prolonged cost-of-living protests, the group declared to hold a public vigil in order to honour the people, who were killed in the previous demonstrations. The Azimio coalition reported on the death of 50 people along with hundreds wounded civilians. It further accused police for their brutal and excessive force exercised against the civilians, who weren’t a part of the protest. The country’s interior minister has defended the police force claiming the situation to be highly dangerous. Further, the police have expressed their limited investigation capacity, which held only 250 officers across the country. (Lailla Mohammed, “Kenyan opposition calls for vigils instead of protests,” BBC, 25 July 2023)

Sudan: WHO expresses concerns over Sudanese war

On 25 July, BBC reported that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued a warning regarding the humanitarian crisis in Sudan and urged the warring parties to protect civilians. The WHO stated that more than two thirds of hospitals in Sudan are out of service and hundreds of thousands of civilians have been displaced. Additionally, the WHO stated that malaria, measles and dengue cases are on the rise due to disruption in health services. The WHO remarked that sexual and gender-based violence were reported in the country. ("WHO warns of Sudan's deepening humanitarian crisis," BBC, 25 July 2023)

Kenya: Ready to meet the opposition leader, says President

On 25 July, following anti-government protests, Kenyan President William Ruto tweeted that he is inclined to meet the opposition leader Raila Odinga. Odinga tweeted: “As you have always known, am available to meet one on one with you anytime at your convenience” addressing Odinga. The tweet comes following two developments. First, Odinga’s denouncement of assault and killings perpetrated by the police and their supposedly hired gangs towards the civilians. According to the Azimio coalition, 50 people have died during the clashes since March 2023 but officials reported 20 deaths. Second, the Amnesty International report of 27 “extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary execution” in July 2023. (Kenya’s Ruto offers to meet leader of opposition protests,” Al Jazeera, 25 July 2023)

Sudan: Humanitarian crisis is deepening says WHO

On 25 July, WHO stated that the humanitarian crisis in Sudan is deepening while two-thirds of hospitals are inoperative. WHO reported that disease outbreaks such as malaria, measles and dengue are increasing due to the conflict. WHO informed the rising violence against healthcare workers and infrastructure. It also said that sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls is increasing. (Will Ross, “WHO warns of Sudan's deepening humanitarian crisis,”  BBC News, 25 July) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Ghana: The country lifts its interest rate to 30 per cent

On 24 July, BBC reported that Ghana's interest rate surged to 30 per cent. Due to the country’s soaring inflation, the Ghana Central Bank decided to increase its interest rates, resulting in a climb of 0.5 per cent. The decision was announced on 24 July 2023, after the monetary policy meeting. The hike would make it difficult to borrow money due to its raised expense and would gradually reduce customer spending. The West African nation has witnessed over 45 per cent of huge public debts and a tremendous cost-of-living crisis. On 21 July, the World Bank stated that more than 8,50,000 Ghanaians were pushed into poverty within 2022, which resulted in the loss of purchasing power and high food prices. Africa’s largest gold producer has managed to gain USD 600 million and the initial tranche of the USD 3 billion bailout programme from the IMF aimed to stabilise the country’s barred economy.  Further, the listed economic policies and debt restructuring strategies aim at boosting revenues. (Nkechi Ogbonna, “Ghana hikes interest rate to 30%,” BBC, 24 July 2023)

Somalia: Around 25 soldiers dies after a mass blast

On 24 July, BBC reported on the death of 25 soldiers at the Jale Siad College camp. The incident happened after a man disguised himself as a military soldier with a false identity, and detonated himself. Although the military has not made any official announcement regarding the incident, over 48 were reportedly injured and were taken to the hospitals in Mogadishu. Further, an Islamist militant group al-Shabab, declared that one of its fighters had carried out a similar bombing incident, killing over 73 soldiers and injuring around 124 people. (Ibrahim Aden, “Twenty-five soldiers killed by Somali bomb- army source,” BBC, 24 July 2023)

Africa: Russian President claims moscow can replace Ukraine grain

On 24 July, BBC reported that Russian President Putin stated that Russia is capable of replacing exports of grains from Ukraine to Africa. The statement was issued following Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea Grain agreement. Additionally, President Putin stated that Russia is expected to have a record harvest in 2023. Reports have indicated that Moscowis pushing to supply grains in a scheme involving Qatar and Turkey. ("Russia can replace Ukraine grain to Africa - Putin," BBC, 24 July 2023)

Mali: US sanctions top military officials

On 24 July, Al Jazeera reported that the US sanctioned Malian Defence Minister Colonel Sadio Camara, Air Force Chief Colonel Alou Boi Diarra, and Deputy Chief of Staff Lieutenant Colonel Adama Bagaoyoka, for enabling the Wagner Group’s rise in Western Africa. US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken stated that the expansion of the Wagner Group in Mali had resulted in a 278 per cent increase in civilian deaths in Mali. Blinken tweeted: “We're imposing sanctions on three Malian officials who have coordinated with the Wagner Group to facilitate and expand Wagner’s presence in Mali. Civilian fatalities have surged more than threefold since Wagner forces deployed to Mali in December 2021.” (US sanctions Mali’s defence minister, officials over Wagner ties,” Al Jazeera, 24 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Sudan: The governor urges the civilians to take up arms

On 21 July, BBC reported on the Al Arabiya report, which was declared on the renewed call by the Darfur Governor Minni Arko Minnawi, who urged civilians to take hold of arms to defend themselves. The conflict between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the army has reached its fourth month. The conflict has spread across regions which include Khartoum, Omdurman, and Bahri. Minnawi addressed the falling administration efforts to end the conflict and has raised fears about the probability of an all-out civil war amid the ethnic tensions. The Khartoum witnesses reported on the heavy airstrikes and the death of 18 RSF fighters in Omdurman and Khartoum. Further, the clashes escalated despite the continued indirect talks between the army and RSF representatives. (“Sudan governor renews call for Darfuris to take up arms,” BBC, 21 July 2023)

Nigeria: The government proposes plans to combat the rising fuel prices

On 21 July, BBC reported on the Nigerian government’s decision to combat the rising fuel prices. The Nigerian government decided to distribute grains and fertilisers to balance the impacts due to the rise in fuel prices. The President of Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, made a decision to end the petrol subsidy, which resulted in a surge in the prices of food, transport, and other services. The cost of living has increased extensively, and the government has considered raising civil service salaries. Additionally, the administration has planned to frame an eligibility register to analyse those in need and circulate cash accordingly. Further, the initiative, which aimed to introduce electric buses and cars, would reduce the cost of transportation. (Chris Ewokor, “Tinubu aims to ease frustration over rising fuel prices,” BBC, 21 July 2023)

East Africa: Black Sea grain deal suspension causes food insecurity

On 21 July, Al Jazeera reported that Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea grain agreement which permitted transportation of Ukrainian agriculture has caused speculations on rising consumer prices. The Black Sea Grain agreement, signed in July 2022, permitted ships carrying fertiliser and agricultural products from three Ukrainian ports to traverse past Russian warships in the Bosporus Strait. More than 32.8 million tonnes of Ukrainian grains have been exported following the agreement in 2022. Humanitarians have raised concerns regarding food shortage in East Africa following the withdrawal of the agreement. ("Concern mounts in East Africa over halted Black Sea grain deal," Al Jazeera, 21 July 2023)

Sudan: Armed group attacks MSF convoy

On 21 July, BBC reported that Doctors Without Borders (MSF) contemplated continuing work in Khartoum, following an attack on one of its convoys on 20 July 2023. Armed men stopped the convoy with 18 people en route to a Turkish hospital and contested the reasons for MSF's involvement in the region. MSF stated: “After arguing about the reasons for MSF’s presence, the armed men then aggressively assaulted our team, physically beating and whipping them, as well as detaining the driver of one of our vehicles.” MSF’s emergency manager Christophe Garnier said that if MSF’s staff were abused or the movement of supplies obstructed in the future, its existence would be untenable. (“MSF aid in Khartoum 'in jeopardy' after convoy targeted,” BBC News, 21 July 2023)

South Africa: Government applies for Russian President’s arrest warrant

On 21 July, BBC reported that the South African government applied for an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin, in case he visited South Africa. The decision comes in response to a lawsuit filed by the opposition Democratic Alliance, which aimed at forcing the government to abide by a ruling from the International Criminal Court. If Putin is to set foot in the country, he will be arrested over accusations of abducting Ukrainian children. (“Richard Hamilton, “SA government applies for Putin warrant - if he visits,” BBC News, 21 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P

Burkina Faso: The NGO warns about the disastrous hunger issue

On 20 July, BBC reported on the warning that the NGO International Rescue Committee (IRC) raised, which stated that more than a million people would face hunger in Burkina Faso. The issue is the lack of security in various parts of the country. The IRC estimated that the count would reach up to 3.3 million by September. The militant Islamist insurgency has resulted in an entire shutdown of food and healthcare supplies. Over two lakh people from the northern town of Djibo have left their homes. Currently, the country functions under the President of Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traore, who promised to reclaim the territory from the militants. (“Africa  Live: A million more could soon face hunger in Burkina Faso- NGO,” BBC, 20 July 2023)

Sudan: The capital experiences massive artillery air strikes.

On 20 July, Sudan’s capital Khartoum and the city of El-Obeid, witnessed artillery fire and street battles. A resident of El-Obeid stated that the fire targeted the paramilitary bases of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Earlier, the regular army accused the RSF of its drone strike, which killed 14 civilians and injured 15. On 17 July, the Former Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of Sudan, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, appeared in a rare video where he was seen greeting the top army brass. Apparently, the RSF Commander Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, had released various short videos and audio clips expressing his willingness to choose peace whilst declaring his readiness for war. The RSF paramilitaries have labelled the tribal conflict as the reason for the Darfur bloodshed. In addition, the rights campaigners have blamed the RSF and the allied Arab militias for their reported atrocities, which include rape, looting, and mass killings. Further, the Chief Prosecutor Karim Khan claimed that the International Criminal Court had opened a probe against the war crimes in Darfur. (“Sudan: Fighting in Khartoum intensifies after generals briefly appear,” Africanews, 20 July 2023)

Wagner Group to continue its activities in Africa

On 20 July, the head of Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin, stated that the group’s activities would continue in Africa. Prigozhin stated: “There was no, and there will be no, reduction in our programs in Africa.” The announcement was made following the attempted Russian coup and the UK's sanctions against 13 Wagner mercenaries, including the operational chiefs of Mali and the Central African Republic (CAR), Ivan Aleksandrovitch Maslov and Konstantin Aleksandrovitch Pikalov. Prigozhin assured: “If the assistance of the Wagner Group is needed anywhere to combat gangs and terrorists and to protect the interests of the people of these countries, we are ready to begin immediately to fulfil this task after agreeing on the conditions.” (“Yevgeny Prigozhin: Wagner boss says activities to continue in Africa,” BBC News, 20 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Kenya: The emergence of anti-government protest

On 19 July, the Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga, announced the commencement of the three-day anti-government protests. The demonstration is against the tax hikes, followed by the country’s surging cost of living. The protest was introduced due to the increased fuel cost, and Odinga alerted on further protests. The 14 June protest against the new finance bill was aimed at reducing the hiked 16 per cent taxes on petroleum products and 16 per cent of value-added tax. Although the government had obeyed the ruling, which was signed into law on 26 June, there was an exception for the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority. This resulted in increased public transport costs and fuel prices. During his presidential campaign, Kenyan President William Ruto promised to reduce the cost of living. The government office held an enormous debt of USD 61 billion. Further, Rutto removed fuel subsidies which led to a surge in the prices of essential commodities, directly affecting the cost of energy and transport. With regard to the protest, the UN Human Rights Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence stated, “The UN is very concerned by the widespread violence and allegations of disproportionate use of force, including the use of firearms by the police during protests in Kenya.” The opposition protest in Kenya has hiked to extreme levels. (Vivianne Wandera, “Kenya braces for 3 days of anti-gov’t protests: All the details,” Al Jazeera, 18 July 2023)

The African National Congress hosts a meeting with BRICS political parties

On 19 July, Africanews reported on the upcoming meeting to be held on 22 August in Johannesburg, hosted by the African National Congress (ANC). The meeting would include political parties from Russia, India, China, Brazil, and others ahead of the BRICS Summit. The South African Deputy President, Paul Mashatile, expressed his support for the upbringing of peaceful coexistence between Russia and Ukraine. Additionally, the Representative of the Russian Federation Communist Party, Artem Prokofiev, accused the West of backing the Zelenskyy regime and triggering the war. Further, during an interview with a news website, South Africa persuaded Putin to stay away in order to avoid the legal and diplomatic fallout over his international arrest warrant. (“South Africa's ANC meets BRICS political parties ahead of summit,” Africanews, 19 July 2023)

Nigeria: ECOWAS held talks on democratic transactions and security

On 19 July, Africa News reported that four countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) conducted talks on democratic transactions and security. The meeting in Abuja was presided by the President of ECOWAS, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu. Niger, Guinea-Bissau and Benin also participated in the meeting. The officials largely discussed the security in Mali following the withdrawal of the UN mission. ("Nigeria: ECOWAS discusses democratic transitions and security," Africanews, 19 July 2023)

Kenya: Protesters clash with police

On 19 July, Al Jazeera reported that more than 100 demonstrators clashed with police in Kibera, located in Nairobi, during protests against cost of living and tax hike in Kenya. The demonstration was called on by Raila Odinga. Authorities announced a suspension of schools and businesses. President Ruto has accused Odinga of attempting to leverage discontent over the state of economy to attain personal political goals. ("Kenyan demonstrators clash with police as 3-day protest begins," Al Jazeera, 19 JUly 2023)

The Human Rights Watch campaign accuses Tunisian authorities

On 19 July, BBC reported on the accusations framed by the international campaign group the Human Rights Watch (HRW), against the Tunisian security agents. The accusation was regarding the serious abuses committed against the black African migrants who attempted to reach Europe. The HRW group claimed to have conducted several interviews of more than 20 migrants, which explained that seven among the thousand black Africans were expelled by the Tunisian authorities. Additionally, the President of Tunisia, Kais Saied, has blamed the migrants for violating the country’s demographic structure. Further, the HRW has demanded the European Union hold back the fundings which was supposed to return the migrants. (“Tunisia accused of 'serious abuses' against black Africans,” BBC, 19 July 2023)

Fuel price hikes cause chaos among the Nigerian unions

On 19 July, BBC reported on the outrage expressed by the Labour unions in Nigeria over the hiked price of fuel across the country. They threatened their withdrawal from the negotiations framed with the government. The Nigeria Labour Congress and the Trade Union accused the government of “taking from the poor to pay the rich, and unleashing suffering, hardship and sorrow on Nigerians.” The petrol price has surged to over USD 0.82 per litre, followed by the rise in transport and food costs. The President of Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, revived the government plan to pay 12 million poor households to cope with the rising costs. (Chris Ewokor, “Nigerian unions furious over fuel price hikes,” BBC, 19 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

DRC: UAE-Congo partnership aims to eradicate smugglers

On 18 July, Aljazeera reported on the confirmed partnership deal between the United Arab Emirates and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The UAE has signed a deal worth USD 1.9 billion with a state mining company located in Congo, to develop four mines in eastern Africa. According to the statement, the mines would be established in the South Kivu and Maniema provinces. The country signed a 25-year contract with a UAE firm named Primera Group, for mined ores. The Democratic Republic of the Congo aimed at eliminating the mineral smugglers and guaranteeing better livelihood for the informal miners. According to the Norwegian Refugee Council, over five million fled the country due to the long-lasting conflict that broke out in May 2021. The Congolese finance ministry claimed that the Primera Gold operations in the South Kivu province had shipped over one tonne of certified gold. (“UAE signs deal to develop mines in eastern DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 18 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Rwanda: Women Deliver conference urges for gender rights protection

On 17 July, BBC reported that several state authorities and activists who attended the Women Deliver conference in Rwanda, stressed on the need to protect gender equality. The Women Deliver conference was held for the first time in Africa. Rwandan President Paul Kagame stated that political pushback against women's equality would indicate that they are the most vulnerable during the global crisis. The Women Deliver President urged activists and government authorities to double down and work in unity. ("Call for gender rights protection at Rwanda conference," BBC, 17 July 2023)

Cameroon: Open fire kills about 10 people

On 17 July, Cameroon's regional Governor Debben Tchoffo reported on the death of 10 people in the city of Bamenda. The witness claimed that the open fire was a result of failed backing of local separatists. The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) has denied its responsibility for the incident. Additionally, Tchoffo declared the possibility of launching a man-hunt for terrorists behind the massacre, and announced further investigation. Amnesty International slammed government troops, separatists, and militias for the atrocities practised in Cameroon's English-speaking regions. ("Gunmen kill 10 in northwest Cameroon in ongoing Anglophone crisis," Al Jazeera, 17 July 2023)

Tunisia: EU signs deal to prevent illegal migration

On 16 July, Africanews reported that the EU and Tunisia signed a deal to prevent illegal migration from Tunisia to European countries, and curb smuggling. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Tunisia’s President Kais Saied, Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte facilitated the deal in Tunis. The deal focused on macroeconomic stability, economy and trade, the green transition, people-to-people contacts, and migration. Under migration, the EU will provide aid worth EUR 105 million for search and rescue, and patrolling. Tunisian nationals who could not seek refuge in the EU bloc will be sent back. From EUR 105 million, EUR 15 million will be utilised for the voluntary return of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, to their origin countries from Tunisia. (EU, Tunisia sign deal to fight illegal migration,” Africanews, 17 July 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Kenya: President Ruto does not permit tax-hike protests

On 14 July, Al Jazeera reported that Kenya’s President William Ruto, stated that the government would not permit the planned opposition protests scheduled for the next week. Opposition leader Raila Odinga called for protests despite the arrest of 300 people during the rallies. Kenya Private Sector Alliance stated that the protests cost more than USD 21 million. United Nations Human Rights Office Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence expressed concerns over the growing violence. ("Kenya’s Ruto says tax-hike protests will not be permitted," Al Jazeera, 14 July 2023)

ICC prosecutor states conflict in Sudan can be resolved with Justice

On 14 July, BBC reported that International Criminal Court prosecutor Karim Khan stated that there would be no hope for peace in Sudan without justice. Additionally, he stated that there was no willingness from either party to end the conflict. He remarked that former dictator Omar al-Bashir is alleged to have committed genocide in the Darfur region during the first conflict. Additionally, Karim Khan stated that his office is launching a public appeal for those who have evidence against war crimes in Sudan. ("No peace without justice in Sudan - ICC prosecutor," BBC, 14 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Egypt: President Fattah urged Sudan rivals to end fighting

On 13 July, BBC reported that Egyptian President Abdul Fattah urged the warring parties in Sudan to cease fighting and consider peaceful negotiations. The summit was attended by Sudan's neighbouring countries, such as South Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Republic. Additionally, he called for the parties to facilitate the passage of humanitarian aid. The rival military factions in Sudan had sent delegations to the summit. ("Egypt's president pleads with Sudan rivals for peace," BBC, 13 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Sudan: RSF rejects West Darfur violence accusations, receive sanctions from Britain

On 12 July, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allies denied any role in violence in the West Darfur region. The Human Rights Watch alleged that RSF had killed 28 members of the Masalit tribe and dozens of civilians. The RSF have stated that the killings were a part of an ongoing civil war between the local tribes and the Masalit tribes, and that they have no base in Misterei. The HRW have documented numerous abuses within the region which have led to investigations to establish the cause of violence. Additionally, Britain has announced sanctions on firms linked with the rival military groups in Sudan. ("Sudan's RSF denies involvement in West Darfur violence," BBC, 12 July 2023)

Kenya: President Raisi signs agreement on visit

On 12 July, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi visited Kenya as a part of his diplomatic Africa tour. President Raisi and Kenyan President Ruto signed five memorandums related to information technology, fisheries, livestock products, and investment promotion. President Ruto stated that he sought Iran's commitment to export more Kenyan tea, meat, and other agricultural products. The Iranian foreign ministry stated that it expects an increase of more than USD two billion with African countries. ("Iran’s Raisi begins Africa trip, signs agreements with Kenya," Al Jazeera, 12 July 2023)

Kenya: protesters tear-gassed for demonstrations against tax hikes

On 12 July, the second round of demonstrations called by the main opposition leader Raila Odinga against tax hikes, was met with police clamping down. The police fired tear gas to disperse the protesters in Nairobi, Mombasa, and other cities. More than six people were killed during the protests against the taxes. The opposition stated that the tax hikes will worsen the suffering of Kenyans. ("Kenyan police tear-gas protesters in latest row over tax hikes," Al Jazeera, 12 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Nigeria: More than 800 killed in June

On 11 July, BBC reported that Beacon Consulting released a security report citing that more than 800 people have been killed in attacks in June 2023 across Nigeria. As per the report, more than 460 incidents and 239 abductions were recorded. Additionally, the report stated that the attack had occured in 234 local government areas in 36 states across Nigeria. President Tinubu assured that security would be the top priority of the country. ("More than 800 killed in Nigeria attacks in June - report," BBC, 11 July 2023)

Sudan: Khartoum rejects African peace bid

On 11 July, Al Jazeera reported that Sudan's foreign ministry rejected the regional summit peacekeeping forces to protect civilians. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) declared a mediation offer for the deployment of peacekeeping forces. The Sudanese authorities had blamed Kenya for providing a haven to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Furthermore, the Sudanese authorities have declared that they consider the IGAD peace keeping forces as rivals. ("Sudan rejects African peace bid and ‘enemy’ peacekeeping force," Al Jazeera, 11 July 2023)

Africa: Iranian President to visit African countries

On 11 July, Al Jazeera reported that Iranian president Raisi is scheduled to visit Africa. President Raisi is expected to visit Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The Foreign Ministry Spokesman Nasser Kanani stated that Iran wishes to expand its political and economical relations with Africa. Additionally, he stated that Iran considers Africa to be a continent of opportunities. ("‘Continent of opportunities’: Iran’s Raisi to go on Africa tour," Al Jazeera, 11 July 2023)

Sudan: WFP boosts support for refugees

On 11 July, BBC reported that the World Food Programme (WFP) stated that it is rapidly improving its support on the Chad-Sudan border to cope with the refugees. It estimated that more than 250,000 people have fled from Sudan to Chad. As per the WFP, several refugees were severely wounded and have been deliberately targeted. ("WFP rapidly boosting support for Sudan refugees, agency says," BBC, 11 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Eastern Africa Bloc considers Sudan troop deployment

On 10 July, Al Jazeera reported that Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) called for a regional summit to deploy troops into Sudan to protect civilians. The IGAD consists of eight countries from the Horn of Africa. It expressed regret over the absence of the Sudanese delegation. The IGAD stated that it considered the deployment of Eastern Africa Standby Forces (ESAF). ("Regional bloc calls for summit to consider Sudan troop deployment," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)

Uganda: HRW states oil pipeline devastated livelihoods

On 10 July, Al Jazeera reported that the Human Rights Watch stated that the oil pipeline to Uganda had devastated lives. HRW additionally stated that TotalEnergies has a 62 per cent stake and will add emissions that exacerbate climate change. TotalEnergies has rejected the HRW's accusations, stating that it respects the rights of its people. The pipeline is scheduled for completion in 2025. ("Uganda oil pipeline has ‘devastated’ livelihoods, says HRW," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)

Nigeria: President Tinubu appointed as West Africa bloc chief

On 10 July, Nigerian President Tinubu was appointed as ECOWAS's new chairman. President Tinubu has called for swift action against insecurity and coups in Guinea-Bissau. He has pledged to prioritise political stability, peace and security, and regional economy. Tinubu is expected to have a one-year tenure. ("Nigeria’s President Tinubu chosen as new West Africa bloc chief," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Libya: Rivals agree to share oil revenue

On 8 July, BBC reported that political rivals in Libya have decided to set up a committee to ensure the sharing of oil revenues. Eastern military strongman Khalifa Hafter threatened to force oil production shut-down. Khalifa called on the UN-backed Tripoli-based government to address the issue. The administration between the east and west have hampered the oil production in the area. ("Rival Libyan sides agree to share oil revenue," BBC, 8 July 2023)

Kenya: Police teargas protesters

On 8 July, BBC reported that police in Kenya fired tear gas to disperse human rights activists. Former Chief Justice Willy Mutunga was part of the protest. The protest was aimed at calling for the release of civilians detained during anti-government protests. At least one person was killed when the police responded to the protests in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu. More than 28 people were arrested. ("Kenya protesters tear gassed outside police station," BBC, 8 July 2023))

Tunisia: Human Rights Watch urges authorities against expelling migrants to desert

On 8 July, Africa News reported that the Human Rights Watch urged Tunisian government to end collective expulsions of migrants to the desert area on the Libyan border. Migrants from sub-Saharan regions have been driven out of Sfax. Human Rights Watch stated that most of the migrants were killed at the borders, and called on Tunis to investigate and hold the security forces accountable. ("Human Rights Watch urges Tunisia to stop expelling migrants to desert," Africanews, 8 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

South Sudan: UN announces support for refugees

On 7 July, BBC reported that UN Humanitarian Coordinator Peter Auweraert had released USD 8 million humanitarian fund for over 150,000 refugees, who fled from the conflict in Sudan. The UN humanitarian affairs office stated that the number of arrivals are projected to increase. Additionally, it stated that more than six million people have been displaced since the clash between Sudanese army and Rapid Support Forces (RSF). ("UN to support thousands who fled into South Sudan," BBC, 7 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P

Kenya: Violence delays the reopening of the Somalian border

On 6 July, Interior Minister Kithure Kindiki stated that the attacks by Al Shabab rebels in Kenya paused the reopening of its border with Somalia. Kindiki tweeted: “The government will delay the planned phased-out reopening of the Kenya-Somalia border points to facilitate comprehensive and conclusive handling of the recent wave of terror attacks and cross-border crime.” On 15 May 2023, Kindiki and his Somali counterpart Mohamed Ahmed Sheikh Ali released a joint statement, declaring their intention to reopen the borders and end a 12-year blockade that was initiated by Kenya in 2011. The siege was established to combat the influx of al-Shabab militants into Nairobi. (“Kenya delays reopening border with Somalia: All the details,” Al Jazeera, 6 July 2023)

Ghana: Amnesty International criticizes the redrafted anti-LGBT bill

On 6 July, BBC reported that Amnesty International Ghana condemned legislators for collectively backing a redrafted anti-LGBT bill. The amended bill aims to provide a three-year sentence in prison for people who identify as LGBT, and LGBT rights activists could spend up to 10 years in prison. Amnesty Ghana Director Genvieve Partington stated that the regulation clearly infringes several human rights and restricts both freedom of expression and association. The human rights organization stated that it is about time for Ghana to give recognition to the LGBT community. (“Amnesty condemns Ghana anti-gay bill,” BBC, 6 July 2023)

Sudan: Increase in sexual violence, condemns UN

On 6 July, BBC reported that the United Nations criticized the increase in sexual abuse against women and girls in Sudan. The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths, deemed the sexual abuse that traumatized women and children in Sudan as intolerable. The UN human rights office in Sudan stated that more than 20 incidents of conflict-related sexual abuse were reported. Additionally, up to 20 women were raped in one of the incidents. (“UN condemns sexual violence against Sudan women,” BBC, 6 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Ryan Marcus

South Sudan: President Kiir to contest in presidential election

On 5 July, Al Jazeera reported that President Salva Kiir announced that the delayed election is scheduled for 2024 with him as a contestor. President Kiir is expected to contest against his rival, first Vice President Reik Machar. President Kiir expressed his gratitude for endorsements and support for his party. The opposition has accused the government of delaying the elections. President Kiir stated that he is committed to free and fair elections. ("South Sudan’s Kiir to run in first-ever presidential election," Al Jazeera, 5 June 2023)

Nigeria: Chinese navy offers protections 

On 5 July, BBC reported that the Chinese naval visit at Lagos was aimed to improve security in waters of West Africa and West Africa. Officials stated that the Chinese Navy aimed at offering security from piracy and oil theft. The Nigerian ambassador stated that the Nigerian navy can benefit from the Chinese partners with exchange of technology and experience. Nigeria is a major oil supplier to China and a Chinese company built the deep sea port costing USD one Billion in Lagos.("China navy wants to protect dangerous seas off Nigeria," BBC, 5 July 2023)

Tunisia: sub-Subaharan Migrants attacked

On 5 July, BBC reported that migrants from sub-Saharan Africa have been assaulted in Sfax, Tunisia. The violence was caused due to the killing of a Tunisian man. An NGO stated that some migrants were thrown off balconies. Additionally, it stated that women and children were targeted. Witnesses stated that assaults on migrants have forced them to seek refuge in the European Union.("Migrants attacked in Tunisia and 'thrown off balconies'," BBC, 5 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Ryan Marcus

Nigeria: Chinese navy fleet visit Lagos

On 4 July, Africanews reported that three Chinese navy vessels made a five-day stopover at Lagos, Nigeria. The Nigerian Navy spokesman Admiral Ayo-Vaughan stated that the visit to the Gulf of Guinea aimed at improving diplomacy between the two countries. The Chinese ambassador to Nigeria, Cui Jiachun stated: "Peace is not free, peace should be defended. So I think that we need military security collaboration, so Africa-China, Nigeria-China can do things to not only safeguard the peace, but to protect the vessels in the Gulf of Aden and also here in the Gulf of Guinea.” ("Gulf of Guinea: Chinese navy on "friendly visit" to Nigeria," Africanews, 4 July 2023)

Sudan: Civilians called to enlist to army

On 4 July, Africanews reported that Sudanese army chief Abdel al-Burhan stated the army is ready to receive and equip volunteers. He directed the civilian to enlist to the nearest command unit. Al-Burhan stated that all young and capable men should enlist leading to speculations on the call being a forced conscription. Civilians speculate that the recruitment could worsen the violence. ("Sudan conflict: army chief calls for civilians to enlist," Africanews, 4 July 2023)

Sudan: Army plane shot down

On 4 July, Africanews reported that an army fighter jet was shot down in Khartoum during artillery clashes. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) claimed that it had shot down the aircraft and arrested the pilot. The RSF have additionally accused the army of massacres in the Khartoum region. ("Sudan: an army plane shot down during clashes in Khartoum," Africanews, 4 July 2023)

Cameroon: Amnesty states that atrocities are committed

On 4 July, Africanews reported that Amnesty International has accused the security forces, separatists and militia for committing atrocities in the North-West region. The violations include executions, torture and sexual assault. Civilians retaliating against the clashes are often violated in the region. Amnesty International states that the clashes have claimed more than 6,000 lives and displaced more than a million people. ("Rampant atrocities committed in Cameroon - Amnesty," Africanews, 4 July 2023)

Mali: Ex-rebels reassure Russian envoy

On 4 July, BBC reported that Mali's Tuareg armed group expressed reassurance over peaceful conditions in Mali during discussions with the Russian ambassador. The armed group had warned that the removal of MINUSMA would impact northern Mali's peace process. Following the Wagner Group deployment of mercenaries in 2022, observers have highlighted doubts on the Malian army's ability to cope with the violence following the UN's withdrawal. ("Mali ex-rebels 'reassured' after talks with Russian envoy," BBC, 4 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Ryan Marcus

South Africa: Opposition to form pact against ANC

On 3 July, BBC reported that South Africa's major opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), with the other six parties, has considered forming a pact to displace ANC from government in the 2024 elections. The seven opposition parties have issued a joint statement declaring that the incumbent ANC would lose its majority next year. The parties intend to present a united front that is stable, viable and effective and are scheduled to meet in August to hold discussions. ("South Africa opposition plan anti-ANC pact," BBC, 3 July 2023)

Senegal: Demonstrations against President Sall

On 3 July, BBC reported that Senegalese opposition leader Osume Sonko has organised demonstrations against President Macky Sall seeking a third term. Experts speculate that President Sall, while announcing his decision to run for presidential elections in 2024, would violate the constitution. Opposition supports claim that Sonko's arrest on charges of corrupting youth was an attempt to restrict him from contesting in the election. Sonko stated that it was incumbent on all Senegalese people to stand up, to face him. ("Protests called against Senegal leader seeking third term," BBC, 3 July 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Ryan Marcus

Ethiopia: Addis Ababa applies to BRICS bloc

On 30 June, Al Jazeera reported that Ethiopia has formally applied to join the BRICS bloc of emerging markets. Foreign ministry spokesperson Meles Alem stated that they expect a positive response from BRICS. Additionally he stated that Ethiopia would continue to work with international organisations to protect its interests ("Ethiopia applies to join the BRICS bloc of emerging economies," Al Jazeera, 30 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

South Africa: cancellation of Zimbabwe residency permits unlawful

On 29 June, BBC reported that the South African government's termination of special residency permits of more than 180,000 Zimbabweans has been ruled unlawful by the South African high court. The Helen Suzman Foundation challenged the government's decision in Gauteng High Court, Pretoria. The Zimbabwe Exemption Permit system was initiated to cope with the increase in Zimbabwean migrants in search of employment. The termination of the system would lead to the return of Zimbabweans unless they obtain regular work visas. ("SA cancellation of Zimbabwean permits 'unlawful'," BBC, 29 June 2023)

Sudan: Clashes continue amid Eid

On 29 June, BBC reported that clashes continue despite the announcement of ceasefire by military groups owing to Eid al-Adha. Residents of Khartoum state have reported heavy artillery during the occasion. Residents have additionally reported raidings of stalls and houses. The UN mission to Sudan urged both parties to maintain truces. ("Eid in Sudan: 'I couldn't sleep because of the sounds of the gunfire'," BBC, 29 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as President

On 28 June, BBC reported that Incumbent Maada Bio has been declared winner of Sierra Leone's Presidential elections, with 56 per cent of the vote. The opposition has claimed problems with the tallying process and has disputed in the court. Dr Kamara, candidate All People's Congress (APC)  who has trailed with 41 per cent of the vote has claimed the outcome as daylight robbery. Amid the tension following the vote, President Bio has called on civilians to keep the peace. Dr Kamara alleges that his electoral agents were not permitted to verify the ballot counting. ("Sierra Leone election: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as opposition cries foul," BBC, 28 June 2023)

Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as President

On 28 June, BBC reported that Incumbent Maada Bio has been declared winner of Sierra Leone's Presidential elections, with 56 per cent of the vote. The opposition has claimed problems with the tallying process and has disputed in the court. Dr Kamara, candidate All People's Congress (APC)  who has trailed with 41 per cent of the vote has claimed the outcome as daylight robbery. Amid the tension following the vote, President Bio has called on civilians to keep the peace. Dr Kamara alleges that his electoral agents were not permitted to verify the ballot counting. ("Sierra Leone election: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as opposition cries foul," BBC, 28 June 2023)

Nigeria: North East region may face famine

On 28 June, BBC reported that the United Nations has warned of the increase in risk of famine in north-eastern Nigeria. More than 40,000 civilians have been killed and two million displaced due to fighting between the army and jihadist groups. The UN humanitarian coordinator Matthias Schmale has urged the international community to respond swiftly to the situation. Additionally he pointed that 500,000 people are facing food insecurity in Kenya.("Nigeria's north-east 'one step away from famine' - UN," BBC, 28 June 2023)

Central Africa Republic: Russia to continue work despite Wagner business

On 28 June, Al Jazeera reported Russian advisors stated that they will continue working in the Central African Republic and consider the Wagner group operations as separate business. The Kremlin issued a statement regarding the close ties with the Central African Republic (CAR), despite their engagement with the Wagner Group to fight rebel uprisings. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov stated that the mutiny in Russia would impact its relation with CAR. Presidential advisor Fidèle Gouandjika stated that CAR had a defence deal with Russia and not Wagner. ("Russia to continue work in CAR, Wagner business separate: Kremlin," Al Jazeera, 28 June 2023)

Angola: African leaders discuss East DRC tensions 

On 28 June, Africa News reported that  African leaders under African Union President Azali Assoumani met in Luanda, Angola to discuss the situation in Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) and efforts to stabilise it. Representatives from the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC), the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICRGL) and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS ) were part of the summit.  The strategic objectives of the meeting is mainly to  adapt a a joint framework for the implementation of peace initiatives in DR Congo. ("African leaders meet in Angola to discuss East DRC tensions," Africanews, 28 June 2023)

Sierra Leone: Peaceful conditions following election result

On 28 June, Al Jazeera reported that Sierra Leone had witnessed a peaceful atmosphere following the election of President Julius Bio. Civilians were largely engaged with the preparation of Eid-al-Adha. Opposition supporters have resorted to not reacting to the election outcome and abide by the maintenance of peace. Presidential election runner-up Kamara remarked that he rejected the outcome declared by the electoral commission. ("Calm in Sierra Leone despite contested election result," Al Jazeera, 28 June 2023)

Burkina Faso: More 34 killed in attack

On 28 June, BBC reported that more than 31 soldiers and three Homeland Defence Volunteers have been killed by unidentified assailants. The army stated that more than 40 assailants were killed. The attack took place on 26 June in Northern Province of Bam, Central-Northern region. ("Dozens of soldiers killed in Burkina Faso attack," BBC, 28 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Kenya: Five civilians killed in Al-Shabaab attack

On 27 June, Africa News reported that five citizens were killed by the Al-Shabaabon 24 June in Juhudi and Salama, eastern Kenya. Residents reported that the more than 20 assailants slit  their throats and beheaded some civilians. The attackers seized the residents' goods before absconding. Al-Shabaab, claimed to kill six members and destroyed ten christian houses. The Lamu Country Prefect Louis Rono stated that the authorities have increased the security in the area following the attack. ("Kenya: five civilians killed, some beheaded, in Al-Shabab attack in east," Africanews, 27 June 2023)

South Africa: German foreign minister visits Pretoria 

On 27 June, Africa News German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock met South African Naledi Pandor in Pretoria and discussed energy security, climate change and geopolitical issues including Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The discussions additionally consisted on impacts of oil prices globally. Annalena Baerbock discussed the African delegation to Ukraine and Russia and the manner in which the UN charter must be respected. ("South Africa: German foreign minister in Pretoria for talks," Africanews, 27 June 2023)

Ethiopia: Deaths due to Hunger rises in Tigray region

On 27 June, Africa News reported that more than 700 people have died in the Tigray region owing to the suspension of the US and UN food aid. The suspension had been issued following malpractices in the aid distribution system, affecting 20 million people in need of aid. Tigray's Disaster Risk Management Commission stated that the deaths were reported from three regions of the seven zones. The researchers have remarked that the deaths were largely of children, old people and people with underlying health conditions. The Ethiopian government dismissed the allegations as propaganda but has agreed to a joint with the US as the UN's World Food Program conducts a separate probe. ("Hunger kills hundreds after US and UN pause food aid to Ethiopia's Tigray region, officials say," Afircanews, 27 June 2023)

Zimbabwe: Economy undergoes inflation

On 27 June, BBC reported that Zimbabwe's inflation had doubled to over 176 per cent in June. Consumer groups have reported that an average family requires ZWL one million. The Zimbabwean government blames currency speculators for the crash of its currency. The government has instructed authorities to impose duties and taxes in local currency to increase its demand.("Triple-digit inflation returns to Zimbabwe," BBC, 27 June 2023)

Senegal: IMF approves USD 1.8 billion load 

On 27 June, BBC reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a USD 1.8 billion loan for Senegal for economic recovery.  Senegal will receive an initial disbursement of USD 216 million and would be given a period of three years. The load is intended to support Senegal's efforts to cope with climate change and the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war. Senegal is projected to have an 8,3 per cent growth in 2023 owing to the initiation of oil and gas production in the country. ("IMF approves $1.8bn loan for Senegal," BBC, 27 June 2023)

Sudan: RSF announces ceasefire on Eid 

On 27 June, BBC reported paramilitary Rapid Support Forces had declared a unilateral ceasefire owing to Eid-al-Adha from 28 June. The pause was broadcasted on Al Arabiya by RSF leader Muhammad Dagalo. Dagalo additionally condemned his own forces for carrying out abuses against citizens. ("Sudan's RSF announces unilateral Eid ceasefire," BBC, 27 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Sierra Leone: President Bio leads in Provisional vote result

On 26 June, Al Jazeera reported Sierra Leone's provisional results show that President Maada Bio is leading the elections with 60 per cent of counted votes. Sierra Leone's election commission stated the results detailed are partial and incomplete. The result showed that Bio had received over one million votes in comparison to his competitor, Kamara, who had secured 800,000 votes. The election commission stated that final results will be announced within 48 hours. ("Sierra Leone’s President Bio leading in provisional vote results," Al Jazeera, 26 June 2023)

South Sudan: Receives more than 10,000 refugees from Sudan

On 26 June, BBC reported that more than 10,000 refugees have fled from Sudan to South Sudan according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). OCHA stated that many arrivals include unaccompanied underaged, elderly and disabled civilians  and were subjected to violence. Additionally, OCHA stated that the number of arrivals are projected to increase. ("South Sudan takes in 10,000 refugees fleeing Sudan," BBC, 26 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

South Sudan: Authorities unprepared for Sudan refugees

On 23 June, BBC reported that South Sudanese Foreign Minister Dau Deng admitted that the authorities were not prepared for the rise in refugees following the conflict breakout in Sudan. Additionally, Dau Deng stated that South Sudan received more than 150,000 people from South Sudan and the humanitarian demand is high. Dau Deng denied allegations for South Sudan closing its borders to Sudanese refugees. ("South Sudan 'unprepared' for wave of Sudan refugees," BBC, 23 June 2023)

Tunisia: UN warns authorities against media crackdown

On 23 June, BBC reported that the United Nations has urged Tunisian authorities to terminate its media crackdown. UN Human Rights High Commissioner Volker Türk termed the situation as troubling and urged Tunisia to change its course. Previously, a prominent Tunisian journalist was arrested on accounts of insulting President Saied. President Saied stated that he intends to save Tunisia from chaos ("UN warns against Tunisia media crackdown," BBC, 23 June 2023)

Kenya: President Ruto attend Paris Climate Summit

On 23 June, Africa News reported that during the Paris Climate Summit Kenyan President William Ruto stated that rich countries required a reform in global financial architecture that enables developing countries to take part in the solution. President Ruto expressed the need for reform in the IMF and World Bank and unfavourable disproportion in interest rates for Southern Countries owing to their financial risks. Additionally suggested a conversion of money from lenders into a 50-year loan facility and 20-year grace period. Additionally, he stated that the delay in achieving objectives of the Paris Agreement was  due to lack of investments in development apart from fossil fuel. ("Kenya is "not asking for help", but to "be part of the solution", says William Ruto," Africanews, 23 June 2023)

Mali: Citizens approve constitutional amendment referendum 

On 23 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malians approved the constitutional amendment referendum by 97 per cent favouring the referendum. The voter turnout was 39.4 per cent of the 8.4 million registered voters. Proposed changes included policy allotment by President, Presidential right to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and financial declaration of officials to check corruption. Poll observers reported cases of militants rigging polling centres. ("Malians approve amendments to constitution in referendum," Al Jazeera,  23 June 2023)

Zimbabwe: 11 candidates approved to run for president

On 23 June, BBC reported that Zimbabwe's electoral body has approved eleven people to contest in presidential elections scheduled in August, following criticism of high application fees. The contestants included President Emmerson Mnangagwa and his rival Nelson Chamisa. No women were cleared to contest and ten applicants were rejected. The opposition has criticised the high registration fee since most people earn less than USD 300 owing to the economic crisis in Zimbabwe. ("Zimbabwe clears 11 candidates to run for president," BBC, 23 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Sierra Leone: Clashes ahead of election raises tension

On 22 June, BBC reported that one person was killed in the conflict between the security forces and supporters of the main opposition party, All People’s Congress (APC). Following the conflict, people are headed to marketplaces in Freetown to stock up on food, stores are temporarily closed, and there remains a tangible concern that there may be more violence following the election on Saturday. The unrest began when the APC called for a protest over suspicions that the voter list maintained by the election commission was incorrect. (“Fear grips Sierra Leone capital after pre-poll clash,” BBC, 22 June 2023)

Mali: Coalition of armed groups warns against the withdrawal of UN forces

On 22 June, Al Jazeera reported that the coalition of armed groups in Mali warned the withdrawal of the United Nations peacekeeping force would deliver a fatal blow to the peace agreement and jeopardise regional stability. The Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD), a coalition of armed groups, stated that the exit of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) without an alternative would risk the security of the country. Mali's military administration urged MINUSMA to withdraw on 16 June, a demand that comes after years of strained relations between the UN and Bamako's government. (“‘Fatal blow’: Mali rebels warn against UN peacekeepers departure,” Al Jazeera, 22 June 2023)

Sudan: Embassies under continuous attack in Khartoum

On 22 June, BBC reported that foreign diplomatic missions continue to be attacked and looted in Sudan, with Algeria, Zimbabwe, and Mauritia becoming the recent countries to protest. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Algeria stated that its ambassador’s residence was stormed and ransacked and the attack violated international law and urged Sudanese authorities to take action against the perpetrators. Zimbabwe Foreign Ministry spokesperson Livit Mugejo stated: “We have reports that most of the countries' properties were also targeted. It's sheer criminality, to take advantage of the war to loot properties of our diplomats and our embassy there.” The Sudanese army has frequently accused the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of attacks on diplomatic posts, in which the RSF denies involvement. (“Attacks on embassies in Sudan 'sheer criminality',” BBC, 22 June 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

South Africa:  President Ramaphosa, Netherlands and Denmark launch green fund

On 21 June, Africa News reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and the governments of the Netherlands and Denmark launched a USD one billion green hydrogen fund to combat climate change. During a business forum in Pretoria, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte stated that South Africa could potentially lead the fight against climate change. President Ramaphosa welcomed the efforts, stating their investments in renewable energy would benefit all three countries. (“South Africa, Netherlands, Denmark launch green fund,” Africanews, 21 June 2023)

Uganda: Police arrest 20 people suspected of school massacre

On 21 June, BBC reported that the Ugandan police have arrested 20 persons on suspicion of conspiring with Islamist extremists accused of attacking a school last on 16 June. The attack killed 42 individuals, mostly children. The head teacher and school director of Lhubiriha Secondary School, Mpondwe were detained. The Ugandan army has been searching for Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) militants who have fled to the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. (“Uganda arrests 20 people over school massacre,” BBC, 21 June 2023)  

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Tunisia: Interior Minister discusses illegal migration with French and German Interior Ministers

On 20 June, Africanews reported that the Interior Minister of France, Gerald Darmanin, and the Interior Minister of Germany, Nancy Faesar discussed security cooperation and illegal migration with Tunisian Interior Minister Kamel Feki. They issued a joint statement that aims to provide aid in tackling the issues which the ministers described as the plague that affects all three countries. The EU is seeking ways to control the migration phenomenon. Several Tunisian civil society and political leaders have criticised the visit and accused the Tunisian officials of favouring European interests. ("Tunisia holds talks on illegal migration with French and German interior ministers," Africanews, 20 June 2023)

Somalia: Dozens dead in Puntland following parliament debate

On 20 June, Al Jazeera reported that more than two dozen people were killed in a clash that occurred in Garowe, Puntland. The incident happened following a local parliament debate on the voting system. The witnesses stated that the clash erupted following the accusations of Puntland's leader, Said Abdullahi Deni, seeking to extend his office term beyond January 2023 and help tip the ballot in his favour. Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre appealed to the rivals to reconcile differences through dialogue rather than the barrel of the gun. ("Dozens killed in Somalia's Puntland after parliament debate," Al Jazeera, 20 June 2023)

Nigeria: Labour Unions to agree on new minimum wage

On 20 June, Al Jazeera reported that Nigeria's labour unions and government set an eight-week limit to finalise the minimum wage agreement, which seeks to address high fuel prices. Following the objection to scrapping subsidies by the Nigerian Labour Congress and Trade Union Congress, the parties agreed to set work groups whose terms of reference will be agreed upon. ("Nigeria, labour unions to agree new minimum wage within 8 weeks," Al Jazeera, 20 June 2023) 

South Africa: France requests to join BRICS Summit

On 20 June, BBC reported that France requested an invitation to attend the BRICS summit in South Africa which has been scheduled for August 2023. French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna stated that: "We are thinking aloud but this obviously a decision that only the countries concerned can take- about the possibility of continuing this dialogue, why not BRICS summit or in another format". South African President Cyril Ramaphosa would visit Paris to discuss the request. ("France asks for invite to South Africa's Brics summit," BBC, 20 June 2023) 

Sudan: Warring factions blame each other for breaking the new truce

On 20 June, BBC reported that warring military factions blamed each other for violating the latest ceasefire. The Sudanese army stated that the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had attacked North Darfur for a second consecutive day. The US and Saudi mediators had earlier announced a 72-hour truce. The residents of Khartoum reported temporary relief from air strikes, artillery, and other clashes. (“Sudan rivals accuse each other of breaking new truce,” BBC, 20 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

South Africa: President Ramaphosa hails Russian-Ukraine peace mission

On 19 June, Al Jazeera reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa on his return remarked that the historic peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia did not yield immediate results. President Ramaphosa stated: “This initiative has been historic in that it is the first time African leaders have embarked on a peace mission beyond the shores of the continent”. Additionally, Ramaphosa stated that there was positive reception from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin and both have agreed to participate in further engagements. Further, South Africa has refused to condemn the invasion of Ukraine. ("South Africa leader hails 'historic' Ukraine peace mission," Al Jazeera, 19 June 2023)

Kenya: President Ruto signs EU trade deal

On 19 June, Al Jazeera reported that Kenyan President William Ruto signed a trade deal with the European Union to receive duty-free and quota-free access to the EU. President Ruto stated that the EU was the most important development partner following the World Bank. This is the first broad deal between the EU and an African nation since 2016. EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovkis stated that the agreement is open for the other members of the East Africa Community (EAC)- which includes the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. ("Kenya signs EU trade deal in boost to Brussels' Africa ties," Al Jazeera, 19 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Mali: Foreign Minister calls for withdrawal of UN peacekeeping mission 

On 16 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop stated that the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), a peacekeeping force should be withdrawn from Mali since the violence and insecurity has surged since their deployment.  Diop made the statement while addressing a UN Security Council meeting. MINUSMA head El Ghassim Wane affirmed that conducting UN peacekeeping operations without the country's consent is nearly impossible. Mali's military rulers have imposed operational restrictions on peacekeepers and more than 300 peacekeepers have been killed since the start of the mission in 2013. Additionally, Diop stated that the Mali government is willing to cooperate with the United Nations on the issue. ("Mali asks UN to withdraw its peacekeeping mission 'without delay'," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)

Chad: Medical care overwhelmed with casualties from Sudan

On 16 June, BBC reported that more than 300 casualties were reached at a hospital in Chad following brutal fighting in Sudan's Darfur region. More than 130 needed surgical care and were referred to hospitals in Abéché. Additional staff from the Chadian Ministry of Health and off-duty staff were called to volunteer. Most casualties were received from El Geneina, West Darfur's capital, where more than 1,100 civilians have been killed since mid-April. Human rights groups have reported ethnic-based killings in the West Darfur region by Arab militias and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The UN Children's Agency (Unicef) reported that more than 250,000 children have been displaced in Darfur. ("Chad hospital overwhelmed with wounded from Sudan," BBC, 16 June 2023) 

Africa: African leaders visit Kyiv amid missile attack

On 16 June, BBC reported that a delegation of African leaders visited Kyiv amidst missile attacks to mediate the Russo-Ukrainian war. The Ukrainian Air Force has shot down a dozen of Russian projectiles, six of which were hypersonic Kinzhal missiles. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba stated that the Russian missiles are a message to Africa: Russia wants more war, not peace. The delegation, which includes the Presidents of South Africa, Senegal, Zambia, and Comoros, has been expected to stress the importance of unrestricted exports of grain from Ukraine and fertilizer from Russia. ("Kyiv under missile attack as African leaders visit," BBC, 16 June 2023)

Africa: Zelenskyy urges African delegation to negotiate with Russia for prisoner release

On 16 June, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged the delegation of African leaders to push Russian President Vladimir Putin to free political prisoners from Crimea and beyond. The delegation included the Presidents of Comoros, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia, the Egyptian Prime Minister, and top envoys from the Republic of Congo and Uganda. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that the conflict is affecting Africa negatively.  Comoros President Azali Assoumani proposed a road to peace to which President Zelenskyy responded he did want any surprises from their visit to Russia on 24 June. ("Zelenskyy asks African to push Russia on prisoner release," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)

Mali: Foreign Minister calls for withdrawal of UN peacekeeping mission 

On 16 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop addressed a UN Security Council meeting stating that MINUSMA, a peacekeeping force should be withdrawn from Mali since the violence and insecurity has surged since their deployment. MINUSMA head El Ghassim Wane affirmed that conducting UN peacekeeping operations without the country's consent is nearly impossible. Mali's military rulers have imposed operational restrictions on peacekeepers and more than 300 peacekeepers have been killed since the start of the mission in 2013. Additionally, Diop stated that the Mali government is willing to cooperate with the United Nations on the issue. ("Mali asks UN to withdraw its peacekeeping mission 'without delay'," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)

Chad: Medical care overwhelmed with casualties from Sudan

On 16 June, BBC reported that more than 300 casualties were received at a hospital in Chad following a brutal fighting in Sudan's Darfur region. More than 130 needed surgical care and were referred to hospitals in Abéché. Additional staff from the Chadian Ministry of Health and off-duty staff were called to volunteer. Most casualties were received from El Geneina, West Darfur's capital, where more than 1,100 civilians have been killed since mid-April. Human rights groups have reported ethnic-based killings in the West Darfur region by Arab militias and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The UN Children's agency (Unicef) reported that more than 250,000 children have been displaced in Darfur. ("Chad hospital overwhelmed with wounded from Sudan," BBC, 16 June 2023)

African leaders visit Kyiv under missile attack

On 16 June, BBC reported that a delegation of African leaders visited Kyiv amidst missile attacks to mediate the Russo-Ukrainian war. The delegation, which includes the Presidents of South Africa, Senegal, Zambia and the Comoros, is expected to stress on the importance of unrestricted exports of grain from Ukraine and fertiliser from Russia. The Ukrainian Air Force has shot down a dozen of Russian projectiles, six of which were hypersonic Kinzhal missiles. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dymtro Kuleba stated that the Russian missiles are a message to Africa: Russia wants more war, not peace. ("Kyiv under missile attack as African leaders visit," BBC, 16 June 2023)

Africa: Zelenskyy urges African delegation to negotiate with Russia for prisoner release

Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged a delegation of African leaders to push Russian President Vladimir Putin to free political prisoners from Crimea and beyond. The delegation included the Presidents of Comoros, Senegal, South Africa and Zambia, Egyptian Prime Minister and top envoys from Republic of Congo and Uganda. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that the conflict is affecting Africa negatively.  Comoros President Azali Assoumani proposed a road to peace to which President Zelenskyy responded he did want any surprises from their visit to Russia on 24 June. ("Zelenskyy asks African to push Russia on prisoner release," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

DR Congo: ICC to investigate crimes in North Kivu 

On 15 June, BBC reported that The Democratic Republic of Congo has demanded the International Criminal Court to investigate the crimes in North Kivu province. The prosecutor Karim Khan is to investigate particular armed forces and groups committing the crimes. The DR Congo government claims the M23 rebel group was backed by Rwanda. Human Rights Watch stated that M23 had committed extrajudicial killings and forced recruitments of civilians. Rwanda has denied any affiliation with M23. ("DR Congo asks ICC to investigate alleged North Kivu crimes," BBC, 15 June 2023)

South Africa: The second batch of firefighters sent to Canada

On 15 June, Africanews reported that 200 South African firefighters have completed their training in Mbombela and proceeded to aid Canadian firefighters in managing the Canadian wildfires. Over 17,800 square miles of forest have been destroyed by the wildfires. Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau stated that Canada's resources were being used in its maximum capacity. The Canadian government has requested aid from the Working On Fire program which is funded by the South African government. ("SA: Second batch of firefighters headed to Canada to combat wildfires," Africanews, 14 June 2023)  

Sudan: RSF condemns the killing of Darfur governor

On 15 June, BBC reported that Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Military Forces (RSF) has condemned the assassination of West Darfur governor Khamis Abubakar and called for an inquiry. The RSF stated that two outlaws carried out the killing in El Geneina and will bring them to justice. Previously, the Amry officials accused RSF of assassinating Governor Abubakar following his statements against the RSF for committing genocide against Masalit ethnic groups.  ("Sudan's RSF condemns killing of Darfur governor," BBC, 15 June 2023)  

South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa travels to Ukraine and Russia

On 15 June, Africanews reported that the South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa, headed to Ukraine and the Russian Federation through Poland for the Africa Peace Mission intended for a peaceful resolution of the conflict. Ramaphosa visited Warsaw and paid a courtesy call to Polish President Andrzej Duda. Later, Ramaphosa would visit the Ukrainian capital Kyiv for discussions with Ukraninan President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 16 June. After the visit with Zelenskyy, Ramaphosa would travel to St Petersburg, Russia where the African delegation would have talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 17 June. Finally, Ramaphosa would return to South Africa on 18 June. (“South Africa's Ramaphosa headed to Ukraine, Russia for peace mission,” Africanews, 15 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Kenya: Al-Shabaab kills eight police officers 

On 14 June, Al Jazeera reported that eight Kenyan police officers were killed when their vehicle was detonated by an improvised explosive device in an attack by al-Shabab. The attack took place in Garissa county in Eastern Kenya, bordering Somalia where Al-Shabaab has instigated rebellion against the government in Mogadishu. Al-Shabaab has been engaged in armed revolt against Somalia’s central government for more than 15 years. The North Eastern Regional Commissioner, John Otieno, stated that Al-Shabaab is now targeting security forces and passenger vehicles. ("Eight Kenyan police killed in suspected al-Shabab bombing," Al Jazeera, 14 June 2023)

South Africa: Parliament passes healthcare bill

On 14 June, BBC reported that the National Assembly of South Africa has passed the National Health Insurance (NHI) bill. The bill aims to provide access to quality healthcare for all South Africans belonging to all races, rich or poor, and legal long-term residents. Additionally, the proposed legislation intends to establish a single public health fund for both private and public healthcare providers. This fund will be financed by general taxes, collected from people who earn more than a certain amount, and employee payroll deductions. Health Minister Joe Phaahla stated: “This is one of the most revolutionary pieces of legislation presented to this house since the dawn of democracy.” The leading opposition party Democratic Alliance (DA) has criticized the bill stating nine million of the 60 million South Africans who have health insurance would have to be covered by an already overburdened public health system. (“South African MPs pass ‘revolutionary’ health bill,” BBC, 14 June 2023)

DR Congo: HRW blames M23 militia for the killings

On 14 June, Al Jazeera reported that Human Rights Watch (HRW) accused the M23 rebel group of committing murder, rape, and other war crimes in the eastern part of DR Congo. The report by HRW on 13 June specified that the M23 militia committed eight unlawful killings and 14 cases of rape since late 2022. HRW stated: “The United Nations Security Council should add M23 leaders, as well as Rwandan officials who are assisting the abusive armed group, to the council’s existing sanctions list.” (“HRW accuses M23 militia of rape, finds mass graves in DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 14 June 2023)

Sudan: Ethnic and sexual violence in Darfur concerns UN

On 14 June, BBC reported that UN chief Antonio Guterres was dismayed over the large-scale reports of violence in the Darfur region of Sudan and called for the warring factions to commit to a firm cessation of conflict. Guterres stressed the need to end looting and widen the aid access for nine million people in Darfur. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sudan, Volker Perthes, stated that the attacks were carried out by Arab militia and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Further, Saudi Arabia has announced to jointly lead a conference for humanitarian response in Sudan. ("UN chief 'appalled' by Darfur's ethnic and sexual violence," BBC, 14 June 2023

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Benin: Recruits additional soldiers to combat jihadists 

On 13 June, BBC reported that the Government of Benin has recruited more than 5000 soldiers owing to the rise in militant attacks on its northern border with Burkina Faso. The jihadists were present in Park W, a protected forest area across the borders of Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger. The recruits are required to know at least one regional language and will undergo training for six months. Islamist extremists have caused millions of people to flee their homes across the Sahel region of West Africa, and their attacks have killed thousands of people. ("Benin recruits more soldiers to fight jihadists," BBC, 13 June)

Eritrea: Resumes its activity in East Africa bloc after 16 years

On 13 June, the Eritrea Information Minister, Yemane Meskel, stated that Asmara has resumed its activity in the East African Bloc, Intergovernmental Authority on Development(IGAD). Additionally, Meskel stated that the country was ready to function toward peace, stability, and regional integration. Eritrea quit the regional bloc in 2007 to express its objections to Ethiopian forces being sent to Somalia to drive out al-Shabab extremists. The country participated in the 14th Ordinary Summit organised by the seven-nation bloc in Djibouti on 12 June. (“Eritrea rejoins east Africa trade and security bloc IGAD after 16 years,” Africanews, 13 June 2023)

Mozambique: Offers to supply electricity to SA amid crisis

On 13 June, BBC reported that Mozambique has offered to provide 100 MW of electricity to South Africa to overcome its supply deficit and regular blackouts. Mozambique’s Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy, Carlos Zacarias, stated that the commercial agreement detailing the price along with the process and schedule of the distribution of electricity to Pretoria would conclude shortly. Additionally, Zacarias stated that within six months it would make available additional energy of 600 MW. The South African Minister of Energy, Kgosientsho Ramokgoba, stated that he was happy with the prompt response of the Government of Mozambique. (“Mozambique boosts SA power supply amid crisis,” BBC, 13 June 2023)

South Africa: US lawmakers demand to transfer US-Africa trade summit from the country

On 13 June, Al Jazeera reported that US congressmen have demanded that the US-Africa trade meeting scheduled for later this year should take place elsewhere due to South Africa's deepening military relationship with Russia. The US congressmen stated: “We are seriously concerned that hosting the 2023 AGOA Forum in South Africa would serve as an implicit endorsement of South Africa’s damaging support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.” South Africa will be hosting the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) summit in Johannesburg, which would put together African leaders and US officials to discuss the long run of the initiative, which ends in 2025. South Africa under AGOA made shipments of nearly USD one billion to the US, making it the second-largest beneficiary of the policy after Nigeria. (“US lawmaker group wants S Africa punished over Russia ties,” Al Jazeera, 13 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Authorities extend the deadline for the Zimbabwean work permit

On 12 June, Africanews reported that the South African authorities extended the deadline until December 2023 to apply for working visas and waivers. There were about 178,000 holders of the Zimbabwean Extension Permits in Pretoria. Several migrants were deported as they failed to obtain working visas due to online glitches, administrative backlogs, and the removal of their occupation from the country's scarce skill list. Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motoaledi stated that between 1000 and 1500 Zimbabweans applied for visas and waivers. The Zimbabwean Embassy in South Africa has received more than 10,000 registrations to receive assistance to return to Zimbabwe by June 2023. ("South Africa: legal stay extended for thousands of Zimbabweans," Africanews, 12 June 2023)

Ghana: Regains the position as Africa’s largest gold producer

On 12 June, BBC reported that Ghana regained its position as the largest producer of gold following a 32 per cent production surge last year. The Ghana Chamber of Mines stated that the country's gold output increased from 79 tonnes to 105 tonnes. Further, the Ghana Chamber credited small-scale and large-scale mining for its increase in production. However, the country is confronted with an environmental crisis owing to illegal small-scale gold mining. The government has stated that illegal mining has posed a threat to the country's water resources and the cocoa sector. The government has deployed soldiers in the mining areas. ("Ghana back as Africa's top gold producer," BBC,  12 June 2023)

Tunisia: EU pledges USD one billion to address migration

On 12 June, BBC reported that a delegation of European leaders had agreed to over USD one billion of financial assistance to Tunisia for border management, search and rescue, and return of migrants. Head of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte have held discussions with Tunisian President Kais Saied. Prime Minister Meloni expressed her intention to break the migration system. President Saied objected to Tunisia's role as a border guard of Europe. ("EU promises over $!bn Tunisia aid to stem migration," BBC, 12 June)

Democratic Republic of Congo: More than 45 people were killed in a displacement camp

On 12 June, Al Jazeera reported that a coalition of militia groups called the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo (CODECO) killed more than 45 displaced people at the Lala displacement site in the Djugu region. The UN Peacekeeping mission stated: “This attack constitutes a serious violation of international law and wishes to recall that deliberate attacks against civilian populations can constitute war crimes”. Additionally, the mission extended its condolences to the victims' families. ("More than 45 killed in attack on DR Congo displacement camp: UN," Al Jazeera, 12 June 2023)

Nigeria: President Tinubu addresses the end of fuel subsidies

On 12 June, Africanews reported that Nigerian President Bola Tinubu addressed the citizens to cooperate as prices of petrol, transport, and food soared due to the abolition of fuel subsidies which were costing billions of euros. Tinubu stated that the government will increase its investments in transportation infrastructure, education, electricity supply, healthcare, and other public services. Nigeria is largely dependent on imported fuel due to its failing state refineries. Following the subsidy abolition, the country must cope with fuel and electricity shortages which force them to use generators or withstand a lack of power supply, and the cost of a liter of petrol has risen from 190 naira to around 540 naira. ("Nigeria president calls for patience amidst the end of fuel subsidies," Africanews, 12 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Senegal: Restricts the protests by Ousmane Sonko's supporters

On 9 June, BBC reported that the officials in Dakar had banned protests supporting the opposition leader Ousmane Sonko. Sonko was sentenced to two years in prison for corrupting youth. Senegal's penal code describes corruption as promoting the depravity of young people under the age of 21. The two-year jail term sparked violence which claimed the lives of 16 people and injured hundreds last week. Additionally, supporters claimed that the allegations were a plot against him standing for the presidential elections in 2024. ("Senegal bans protests by Ousmane Sonko's supporters," BBC, 9 June 2023)

South Sudan: Intercommunal fighting causes the death of 13 people

On 9 June, Al Jazeera reported that a clash erupted between two ethnic communities in the camp for displaced people located in Malakal, Upper Nile. A man from the Shilluk community was stabbed to death on 8 June which sparked riots. There were more than 50,000 people in the camp. UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) spokesperson Ben Malor stated that 13 people were reported dead. Furthermore, Malor stated that UNMISS and South Sudan's army have increased security around the camp. The violence has been prominent in the areas despite the peace deal in 2018. (“Fighting in South Sudan camp leaves 13 displaced people dead: UN,” Al Jazeera, 9 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

South Africa: President Ramaphosa and Putin discuss peace mission bid

On 8 June, BBC reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and Russian President Vladimir Putin discussed the forthcoming peace mission by six African leaders regarding the Russia-Ukraine war. The leaders of Comoros, Egypt, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia are involved in the peace bid. The leaders discussed ways of bringing an end to the conflict and agreed to engage with Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on a ceasefire. A separate Russia-Africa summit has been scheduled for the end of July 2023 in St. Petersburg. ("Putin welcomes African peace mission bid- SA leader," BBC, 8 June 2023)

Ethiopia: The US stops the food aid

On 8 June, BBC reported that the US suspended food aid to Ethiopia citing a diversion of funds. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) stated: “We made the difficult but necessary decision that we cannot move forward with distribution of food assistance until reforms are in place.” The USAID stated that some officials have diverted the aid using military units across the country. Meanwhile, more than 20 million people need food aid due to the drought and the recent northern Tigray war. (“US suspends food aid to Ethiopia over fraud fears,” BBC, 8 June 2023) 

Sudan: Attack on Saudi Arabia embassy

On 8 June, BBC reported that the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the armed groups for invading and vandalising its embassy in Khartoum. Saudi Arabia and the US have been involved in peace talks with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the clashes erupted in mid-April 2023. The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the kingdom rejects all forms of violence and vandalism against diplomatic mission representations. Saudi Arabia and the US have been involved in peace talks with the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the clashes erupted in mid-April 2023. The US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, visited Sudi Arabia on 7 June where two countries pledged to continue efforts to end the fighting in Sudan. (“Saudi Arabia condemns attack on its embassy in Sudan,” BBC, 8 June 2023)

Sudan: The area near the arms factory in Khartoum has been set ablaze

On 8 June, BBC reported that clashes between Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army had caused a widespread fire near an arms factory in the Yarmouk area of Khartoum. Images from NASA indicate heat signatures from several locations in the area. The RSF had taken control of the area and blamed the army for causing the inferno. The Sudanese armed forces (SAF) have not officially commented on the incident. ("Huge blazes seen in Sudan's capital near arms factory," BBC, 8 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus

Tunisia: Italy's Prime Minister discusses the issue of Tunisian migration

On 7 June, BBC reported that Italian Prime Minister Girgia Meloni visited Tunisia to address the issue of irregular migration. The Italian Prime Minister, Giorgia Meloni, warned that Europe could witness a huge migration wave due to irregular migration. Additionally, Meloni discussed the border surveillance and repatriation of undocumented migrants. Meloni pledged to grant USD 750 million in aid to Tunisia to avoid an economic meltdown in Tunisia and to address the illegal migration issue. ("Italy's far-right prime minister visits Tunisia to discuss migration," BBC, 7 June 2023)

Algeria: UN Security Council elects the country as a non-permanent member

On 7 June, BBC reported that Algeria has been elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council representing Africa. The country will serve from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025. The country would join Ecuador, Japan, Mozambique, and Switzerland as non-permanent members. ("Sierra Leone, Algeria elected to UN Security Council," BBC, 7 June 2023) 

South Africa: Pretoria welcomes Portuguese president

On 7 June, Africanews reported that the Portuguese President, Marcelo Rebelo De Sousa, visited South Africa to commemorate the National Day of Lisbon with the Portuguese diaspora. The countries signed a defence cooperation agreement and discussed the ongoing conflict with Mozambique. Additionally, the two countries discussed opportunities of mutual benefit in science and innovation, education, and energy. During a press conference, President Cyril Ramaphosa elaborated on the previous meeting with the heads of state of Zambia, Senegal, the Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Egypt and confirmed their visit to Kyiv and Moscow for a peace mission to resolve the Ukrainian crisis. ("Portuguese President on a State Visit to South Africa," Africanews, 7 June 2023)

Sierra Leone: UN Security Council elects the country as a non-permanent member

On 7 June, BBC reported that Sierra Leone had been elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council representing Africa. The two countries will serve from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025. The Sierra Leone President, Julius Maada Bio, stated the election was a generational accomplishment and stated that it represents our unique success as a democratic and peaceful country of resilience that had successfully transitioned from war to peace. ("Sierra Leone, Algeria elected to UN Security Council," BBC, 7 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Nigeria: Trade union movement suspends strike

On 6 June, Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) President Joe Ajaero stated that the nationwide strike scheduled for 7 June will be postponed to allow for additional time for negotiations with the government. The strike has been called to protest a significant increase in fuel prices as a result of the government's decision to stop subsidising it. Some of the proposals made by labour unions include an increase in the minimum wage and tax breaks for workers. The price of transportation, food, and other commodities has risen as a result of the increase in the price of fuel, despite the fact that the minimum wage is around USD 65. (“Nigeria's unions suspend strike over fuel subsidy,” BBC, 6 June 2023)

DRC: Congolese died in air strikes in Sudan

On 6 June, the Foreign Affairs Ministry of the Democratic Republic of Congo reported that 10 of its citizens were killed in air strikes in Sudan. The air strikes bombarded the campus of the International University of Africa in Khartoum. Minister Christophe Lutundula stated that the air strikes were carried out by the Sudanese army. Additionally, Lutundula asked the authorities to provide more information about the incident. DR Congo’s government demanded a humanitarian corridor to allow it to evacuate its wounded citizens and people isolated in Khartoum. (“Air strikes on Sudan campus kill Congolese - government,” BBC, 6 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Senegal: Over 350 people sustain injuries during clashes

On 5 June, the Red Cross in Senegal reported that almost 360  people were injured in the violence which broke out after the Senegal court sentenced Ousmane Sonko to two years in jail for corrupting youth. Additionally, 16 people were declared dead in clashes between protesters and security in the capital, Dakar, and in the city of Zinguinchor on 1 June. The government has banned mobile internet access in order to prevent subversive messages from being shared. (“Over 350 were injured in Senegal clashes - Red Cross,” BBC, 5 June 2023)

Libya: Egyptian migrants send back to the country

On 5 June, BBC reported that thousands of Egyptian migrants were deported back to Cairo. Further, 4,000 migrants have been found during raids on people traffickers in the east of Libya. According to an Egyptian security source, just around half of those detained were in Libya illegally, and they were the only ones deported. The migration agencies stated that there are approximately 500,000 migrants in Libya, many of whom are attempting to travel to Europe by boat, while others have found jobs and established themselves in the nation. (“Libya expels thousands of Egyptian migrants,” BBC, 5 June 2023)

South Africa: Eight people died in a shooting 

On 5 June, Africanews reported that gunmen broke into a men’s hostel near the city of Durban on 3 June. The South African Police Service stated that eight people were dead and two others were injured during the shooting. South Africa has one of the world's highest homicide rates, and there has been a rash of mass shootings in recent years. Earlier this year, at least two mass shootings were reported. According to official crime figures, 30 people were killed by firearms in South Africa per day in the first three months of 2023. During the same three months, authorities reported over 4,000 occurrences of illegal gun or ammunition possession. (“8 dead in South Africa shooting at men’s hostel near Durban,” Africanews, 5 June 2023)

Malawi: Human Rights Watch demands to stop relocating refugees

On 5 June, BBC reported that Human Rights Watch (HRW) asked the government to reverse its actions and return the 902 people who were picked up and taken to the Dzalek refugee camp 40 kilometres outside the capital, Lilongwe. Additionally, HRW claimed that many people were forced to close their enterprises and were imprisoned before being taken away. There have also been instances of minor refugees being imprisoned and other refugees being beaten and having their possessions taken. The Malawi government followed the encampment policy that detained and forcibly moved refugees and asylum seekers across the country violating basic human rights. (“Malawi must stop dumping refugees - Human Rights Watch,” BBC, 5 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Senegal: Nine dead in lethal clashes

On 2 June, Al Jazeera reported that nine people were killed in clashes between riot police and supporters of Ousmane Sonko after he was sentenced to two years in prison by a Senegal court. Cars and buses were set on fire in Dakar, while disturbances were reported from other places, including Ziguinchor, where Sonko has served as mayor since 2022. Interior Minister Antonie Diome stated: “We have noted, with regret, violence that has led to the destruction of public and private property and, unfortunately, nine deaths in Dakar and Zinguinchor.” The sentence may disqualify Sonko from contesting next year’s presidential elections. (“Nine dead as protests rock Senegal after Sonko jail sentence,” Al Jazeera, 2 June 2023)

Sudan: Clashes continue despite US sanctions

On 2 June, BBC reported that the fighting between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) continued in Khartoum despite US sanctions. The army had resumed air strikes and was using more artillery to clear the paramilitaries off the streets. The army announced that the reinforcements were brought from other parts of Sudan to Khartoum. Meanwhile, there were no signs of RSF retreating from the occupied streets and houses. (“No sign of RSF fleeing shelling - Khartoum residents,” BBC, 2 June 2023)

Benin: Hike in petrol prices as Nigeria ends fuel subsidies

On 2 June, BBC reported that petrol prices in Benin doubled after Nigeria declared the end of the fuel subsidies. The subsided petroleum products were regularly smuggled into Benin which serve a large part of the population. The smuggled gasoline was sold by the roadside and considered cheaper than fueling up at stations. The announcement of the end of fuel subsidies by Nigerian President Bola Tinubu in his inauguration speech triggered panic buying and a surge in fuel prices. (“Benin petrol prices soar as Nigeria moves to end subsidy,” BBC, 2 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Senegal: Court sentences opposition leader Ousmane Sonko

On 1 June, Al Jazeera reported that the Senegal court sentenced the opposition leader Ousmane Sonko two years in jail for corrupting the youth. Sonko was found guilty of a criminal offence for immoral behaviour towards individuals under the age of 21 by the court. Protests erupted in Senegal’s capital, Darkar, with Sonko’s supporters condemning the charges against him as politically motivated. Justice Minister Ismaila Madior Fall stated: “The sentence must be carried out. This is an absentia case, and the measure can be carried out at any time.” (“Senegal’s Sonko can be arrested ‘at any time’: Justice minister,” Al Jazeera, 1 June 2023)

Sudan: 17 people died in a rocket attack at a market

On 1 June, BBC reported that 17 people were killed and 106 people were wounded by a rocket attack in a market south of the capital Khartoum. This is the highest number of individuals killed by shelling since fighting began on 15 April between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The shelling raised the total number of civilian deaths in the conflict to 883. (“Rocket attack kills 17 in Sudan market - medics,” BBC, 1 June 2023)

Zimbabwe: Parliament passes bill to punish unpatriotic acts

On 1 June, Zimbabwe's parliament passed a contentious bill that will penalize citizens for unpatriotic behaviour by imposing high penalties or even the death penalty. The controversial revisions were enacted as part of a series of reforms to the Criminal Law Act. The patriotic clause of the Criminal Law Act aims to punish those who harm the national interest of Zimbabwe. The bill has been criticized as unconstitutional since it would infringe on freedom of association and free speech. (“Zimbabwe passes bill to punish 'unpatriotic acts',” BBC, 1 June 2023)

Sudan: US sanctions Sudanese firms linked to the warring sides

On 1 June, Al Jazeera reported that the US government issued its first sanctions targeted over Sudanese firms and various individuals for fuelling the conflict between the warring factions in Khartoum. US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen stated: “Through sanctions, we are cutting off key financial flows to both the Rapid Support Forces and the Sudanese Armed Forces, depriving them of resources needed to pay soldiers, rearm, resupply, and wage war in Sudan. The United States stands on the side of civilians against those who perpetrate violence towards the people of Sudan.” The US sanctions targeted enterprises held by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) chief Mohamed Hamdan in the UAE and Sudan's capital Khartoum, as well as two defence firms related to the Sudanese army, which is led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. (“US imposes first sanctions over Sudan conflict,” Al Jazeera, 1 June 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

South Sudan: UN extends sanctions for a year

On 31 May, BBC reported that the UN Security Council voted to extend the arms embargo and sanctions imposed on South Sudan for a year. The council passed the sanctions on 30 May with ten votes in favour and five members abstaining. The countries that abstained were China, Russia, Ghana, Gabon, and Mozambique. The UN member states were directed to restrict the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer of armaments to South Sudan. The council expressed its concern over the continued intensification of violence, prolonging the political insecurity, economic, and humanitarian crisis in most parts of the country. Representative of South Sudan to the UN, Akuei Bona Malwal stated that the sanctions were done in “bad faith and ill intention.” (“UN extends sanctions on South Sudan for a year,” BBC, 31 May 2023)

Sudan: Withdrawal of Sudanese Armed Forces from peace talks

On 31 May, Sudanese officials reported that the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) suspended truce talks with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) accusing the group of frequent violation of previous truce agreements. The decision appears to end the extended ceasefire mediated by the US and Saudi Arabia for enabling humanitarian access that both warring sides accepted on 29 May. The army accuses the paramilitary of never implementing a single one of the provisions of a short-term ceasefire which required their withdrawal from hospitals and residential buildings, and have repeatedly violated the truce. However, neither the army nor the RSF has publicly commented on the alleged retreat. (“Sudan army withdraws from truce talks – sources,” BBC, 31 May 2023) 

Burundi: Nuclear energy deal with Russia

On 31 May, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Burundi’s Foreign Minister Albert Shingiro in Bujumbura on 30 May. Lavrov stated that the preparation for the nuclear energy inter-governmental deal between Russia and Burundi was in its final stage. Previously, in November 2022, the two countries had signed a nuclear energy roadmap deal in which Russia pledged to assist Burundi in the establishment of nuclear power stations. Additionally, Lavrov stated: “The roadmap on nuclear energy has already been signed between Rosatom, a Russian state energy corporation, and its Burundian partners. Both parties committed to cooperating in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.” (“Russia-Burundi nuclear energy deal in final stage - Lavrov,” BBC, 31 May 2023)

Zimbabwe: Announcement of general election

On 31 May, President Emmerson Mnangagwa announced that Zimbabwe would have its presidential and parliamentary elections on 23 August and a presidential run-off vote if required on 2 October. The election proclamation came amid rising tensions ahead of the elections as the opposition party, Citizen Coalition for Change (CCC), demanded an audit into the voters' roll. The opposition stated that the voters' roll has been missing names, including some of its officials and voters being moved several kilometres away from their wards of residence. The electoral body stated that the ongoing voters' roll inspection would resolve the aberrations. (“Zimbabwe election set for 23 August,” BBC, 31 May 2023)

Central African Republic: Constitutional referendum to remove the president's term limit

On 31 May, President Faustin-Archange Touadera announced 30 July as the date for the referendum on a new constitution that would allow him to seek a new term in 2025. Currently, the president can only serve two four-year terms. Touadera stated that the current constitution has provisions that compromise the country’s development. The opposition parties criticised the constitutional referendum citing it as a move to allow Touadera to run for a third term. The former prime minister and opposition leader, Nicholas Tiangaye, stated: “This new constitution will be written so that Touadera remains president for life.” (“CAR plan to scrap term limits goes to referendum,” BBC, 31 May 2023)

Burkina Faso: 40 killed in two separate jihadists attacks

On 31 May, BBC reported that 40 people were killed in two separate attacks by jihadists on 27 and 28 May. The attacks killed around 20 army volunteers near Bourasso which is close to the Malian border and 20 people died in another attack in the same region the next day. Following the violence, the militants were neutralized in an aerial operation by government forces. Prime Minister Apollinaire Kyelem de Tambela stated that his government would never negotiate with the jihadists. (“Forty killed in Burkina Faso attacks - reports,” BBC, 31 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Sudan: Attack on the Libyan embassy 

On 30 May, Libya’s foreign ministry condemned an attack on its embassy in Khartoum which was ransacked and looted. Tripoli denounced the assault and looting of the Libyan embassy and expressed its deep regret and displeasure. The Libyan government called on the warring sides in Sudan to reject violence and to protect diplomatic representations. Tripoli stressed its attachment to the stability of Sudan and its people but condemned the attacks on the headquarters of the diplomatic missions in Khartoum. (“Libyan embassy in Khartoum attacked and looted - ministry,” Africanews, 30 May 2023)

Sudan: Clashes continue despite the extension of the ceasefire

On 30 May, Al Jazeera reported that the intense clashes have been continuing on the outskirts of Khartoum after military factions agreed to extend the ceasefire for an additional five days. The residents reported intensive fighting in Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North hours before the extension was signed and resumed on the outskirts of Khartoum. Army leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan stated that the army had agreed to the ceasefire extension to ease citizens’ access to service. Additionally, he stated: “The army hasn’t used its full deadly power, but it will be forced to do so if the enemy does not obey or listen to the voice of reason.” (“Fighting continues in Sudan a day after ceasefire extended,” Al Jazeera, 30 May 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

South Africa: President appoints judge to look into weapons supply allegations 

On 29 May, Africanews reported that President Cyril Ramaphosa appointed Judge P.M.D. Mojapelo, as the chairman of a three-member panel to investigate the allegations of South Africa supplying ammunition to Russia made by the US. According to the president’s office, the panel was appointed owing to the serious impacts that the allegations could pose to the international relations of South Africa. The panel has been mandated to furnish details of persons aware of the ship’s arrival, the loaded and off-loaded cargo, and their departure and destination. (“South African president appoints judge to oversee the weapons-for-Russia inquiry,” Africanews, 29 May 2023)

Kenya: Russian Foreign Minister visits Nairobi unannounced

On 29 May, Moscow’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Foreign Affairs Minister Sergey Lavrov would be visiting Nairobi to strengthen Russia-Kenya bilateral relations. Lavrov stated: “During our visit, we will discuss our cooperation in trade, investment, and economic spheres, humanitarian and cultural questions, education, cooperation in the UN, and many other issues.” The visit has been considered a tussle for influence as both Russia and Ukraine try to intensify their ties with the continent of 1.3 billion people. (“Lavrov in surprise Kenya visit after Ukraine FM trip to Africa,” Al Jazeera, 29 May 2023)

Sudan: The warring factions agree to extend the ceasefire 

On 29 May, Al Jazeera reported that Sudan’s warring sides agreed to extend the week-long ceasefire as the two key international mediators were dissatisfied with the constant violations of the truce. The five-day extension of the ceasefire was announced in a joint statement by Saudi Arabia and the US. The report stated: “The extension will provide time for further humanitarian assistance, restoration of essential services, and discussion of a potential longer-term extension.” The warring sides were under pressure to extend the expiring ceasefire as the constant violations had impeded the delivery of humanitarian access and restoration of essential services. (“Sudan’s military, RSF agree ceasefire extension,” Al Jazeera, 29 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Mali: Demonstrators demand to end UN peacekeeping mission

On 26 May, Al Jazeera reported that thousands of protestors gathered in Bamako demanding an end to the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MUNISMA) that was established to support foreign and local troops battling the armed groups. The rally was organized by the transitional Prime Minister Chogel Maiga and civil society organizations supporting the transitional military government. Malians blamed the mission for failing to protect the population and for not bringing any results. Malians were dissatisfied with the mission of their disagreements with the Malian military government because of their connection with the Kremlin-linked Wagner Group. (“Mali protesters demand exit of UN peacekeeping mission,” Al Jazeera, 26 May 2023)

Mali: The US sanctions the head of the Wagner Group

On 26 May, BBC reported that the US Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control(OFAC) imposed sanctions on the head of Wagner Group, Ivan Aleksandrovich Maslov, for supporting Russia’s war against Ukraine. The US accused the Wagner Group of trying to exploit the abundance of arms in Mali. The Treasury Department imposed sanctions by accusing Maslov of acquiring military equipment for the war in Ukraine through the operations of the Wagner Group in Mali. The US Treasury Department stated: “The Wagner Group's presence on the African continent is a destabilizing force for any country that allows for the deployment of the group's resources into their sovereign territory.” (“Wagner: US sanctions boss of mercenary group in Mali,” BBC, 25 May 2023)

Somalia: Russia offers support against terrorism

On 26 May, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov offered assistance to Somalia in its fight against terrorism, after talks with his Somali Foreign Minister Abshir Omar Jama in Moscow. Lavrov stated that Russia would supply military equipment to the Somali army to assist them in their fight against extremists including al-Shabaab and al-Qaeda. The offer highlighted the growing interest of Russia in seeking alliances with regimes in Africa avoided by the West or facing insurgencies and internal challenges to their rule. (“Russia offers support to Somalian army in fight against terrorist groups,” Africanews, 26 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Sudan: The US accuses Wagner Group of missiles supply

On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that the United States accused Russia’s Wagner Group of prolonging the conflict by providing surface-to-air missiles to the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces(RSF) in Sudan. The US Treasury Department stated that the surface-to-air missiles contributed to a prolonged armed conflict that only resulted in further chaos in the region. The US stated that ongoing conflict would lead to a severe humanitarian crisis and it focuses to reduce the violence and turn the country to civilian rule. (“US accuses Wagner Group of supplying missiles to Sudan’s RSF,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)

Sudan: The warring sides blame each other for violating the truce

On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that clashes between conflicting factions broke out as residents in the cities of Omdurman and Khartoum reported that they heard overnight gunfires and reconnaissance planes. The breaches of the week-long ceasefire agreement have been continuing since its commencement on 22 May which is meant to allow humanitarian aid to reach North African countries. The RSF leader, Mohammed Hamdan Daglo, blamed the army led by Sudan’s de facto leader Abel Fattah al-Burhan for ceasefire breaches stating the army launched a series of unwarranted attacks and the assaults were decisively repelled. The army reported that it resisted an attack on armoured vehicles by RSF in a clear violation of the truce. The spokesperson of the US Department of State, Matthew Miller, stated: “We have continued to see violations of the ceasefire. We retain our sanctions authority and if appropriate we will not hesitate to use that authority.” (“Sudan’s warring sides accuse each other of violating ceasefire,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)

South Africa: Refusal to release cargo documents raise scrutiny 

On 25 May, Africanews reported that the South African government faced pressure when a DA lawmaker asked Defense Minister Thandi Modise to release the cargo documents related to the Russian ship but the government refused. African National Congress Secretary General Fikile Mbalula stated: "If it was according to the ANC, we would want President Putin to be here, even tomorrow, to come to our country." The statement added more scrutiny to the allegations of shipping ammunition to Russia. South Africa's main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, challenged the government to prove against the accusations and release the cargo manifest. (“South Africa under more scrutiny over Russian ship as ruling ANC says it would 'welcome' Putin,” Africanews, 25 May 2023)

Sierra Leone: Heavy downpour makes a centuries-old national treasure fall

On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that torrential rains and storms on 24 May caused the falling of a nearly 400 years old cotton tree that served as a national symbol for decades. The tree was founded by enslaved Africans who returned from the United States. The President of Sierra Leone, Julius Bio, stated: “It was regarded as a symbol of liberty and freedom by early settlers.” Queen Elizabeth II visited it when she came to the country marking its independence from British colonial rule in 1961. The tree even appeared on the country’s banknotes. (“Storm fells symbolic 400-year-old cotton tree in Sierra Leone,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin 

Cameroon: More than 30 women kidnapped by separatists

On 24 May, the separatists in Cameroon’s restive north-western region abducted around 30 women, leaving several injured in Big Babanki, a village near the border with Nigeria. The women were kidnapped while protesting against the curfew and taxes imposed on them by the separatists. Separatist leader Capo Daniel said that the women were being punished for allowing themselves to be “manipulated” by the Cameroon government. The military said that troops have been deployed to secure the abducted women. The country is facing conflicts since the 2017 rebellion launched by the English-speaking separatists.  (“Over 30 women abducted by separatists in Cameroon,” BBC, 24 May 2023)

South Africa: “I Would supply weapons to Russia”, says leader of Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)

On 24 May, Julius Malema, the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EEF), South Africa’s third largest party, said that Russia is at war with imperialism and he “would supply weapons to Russia.” He also insisted that South Africa is an ally of Russia and the non-alignment position of the ANC government applies only to the war in Ukraine. Further, the party wants the withdrawal of South Africa from the International Criminal Court (ICC) as it recently issued an arrest warrant to Putin. These comments came on the sidelines of the recent allegations by the US ambassador towards South Africa that they were loading ammunition and weapons inside a Russian vessel in December. (“I would supply weapons to Russia - SA's Julius Malema,” BBC, 24 May 2023)

Ghana: The country will soon resume borrowing, says President

On 24 May,  Mr Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana said at the Qatar-Africa Economic Forum in Doha that since Ghana is facing its worst economic crisis, it will start borrowing funds from global savings. The government which is under criticism for extensive borrowing was excluded from the international capital market due to its huge debt. But it can be accessed hereafter following last week’s USD 3 billion bailout by the IMF. The economic position is being blamed on the Ukraine-Russia war and the Covid pandemic. However, he mentioned that the government will reduce its expenditure and create more domestic revenue. (“Ghana to soon start borrowing again - president,” BBC, 24 May 2023)

Algeria: Political opponent KarimTabbou arrested

On 24 May, Africanews reported on the arrest of the Algerian opposition leader, KarimTabbou on 23 May. He was also a leading figure in the pro-democracy Hirak movement that happened in 2019. The movement aimed to completely overthrow the ruling system since Algeria became an independent country in 1962. In 2020, Mr. Tabbou served a one-year prison term over a video on his party’s Facebook account that was “undermining national security”. According to the CNLD (National Committee for the Liberation of Detainees), several with connections to the Hirak movement or those who defend individual freedoms have been arrested in Algeria. (“Prominent Algerian opposition figure arrested again,” Africanews, 24 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Sudan: Air Strikes and clashes persist despite ceasefire

On 23 May, BBC reported that air strikes and clashes continued in Khartoum which weakened the latest attempt at a ceasefire. The new seven-day truce came into effect on 22 May. The truce came about as a result of formal talks facilitated by Saudi Arabia and the United States. According to a US-Saudi statement, the new agreement would be enforced by a ceasefire monitoring mechanism, which acknowledged prior failures to maintain peace. Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo issued an audio message right before the truce came into effect stating that his troops would not retreat until they end the coup. (“Sudan conflict: Air strikes and clashes as new ceasefire begins,” BBC, 23 May 2023)

Morocco: Ukrainian foreign minister visits Rabat 

On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that the meeting between Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba and Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita happened at Rabat on 22 May, to enhance bilateral cooperation. The key point of discussion included the situation of Moroccan students in Ukraine, coordination between the two countries with a renewed emphasis on political dialogue and economic cooperation, trade facilitation, food security, territorial integrity, and regional security. Kuleba and Bourita signed a memorandum of understanding and exchange program intended to improve diplomats' awareness of one another's foreign policy, particularly concerning Africa. (“Ukrainian and Moroccan FMs meet in Rabat,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)

Mali: US accuses Mali as Wagner group’s transit route

On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that the United States Department of State accused Russia’s Wagner mercenary force of using false paperwork to ship military equipment through Mali. State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller stated: “We have been informed that Wagner is seeking to transit material acquisitions to aid Russia’s war through Mali and is willing to use false paperwork for these transactions. In fact, there are indications that Wagner has been attempting to purchase military systems from foreign suppliers and route these weapons through Mali as a third party.” Additionally, Miller stated that these accusations have not yet been proven and added that the US has been imposing sanctions on entities supporting Wagner’s military operations. (“US says Russia’s Wagner force eyes Mali as route for war supplies,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023) 

Ethiopia: Protestors demand the withdrawal of Eritrean troops

On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that there were mass demonstrations in northern Ethiopia’s Tigray region demanding the return of the displaced population due to the war and the withdrawal of foreign forces as the conflict had ended with a truce signed in November 2022. The battle between the federal troops and the Tigrayan forces left thousands of people dead. Millions of people were forced from their homes and their places were occupied by security forces and fighters. The Eritrean troops which were not mentioned in the truce continued to operate in several border towns. (“Protesters in Ethiopia’s Tigray demand Eritrean troops withdraw,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)

Sudan: Ceasefire appears to bring relative calm in the region

On 23 May, BBC reported that following the ceasefire agreed between the warring factions, the airstrikes targeting the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been stopped. El Geneina and Nyala, two cities in the Darfur region face relative calmness after days as they were badly affected by the conflict. The residents say that after five weeks of conflict, there is relative peace in the region. However, there were immediate breaches of the ceasefire by the military forces on 22 May. While the previous ceasefires collapsed, the latest one seems to be efficient as it is backed by a monitoring mechanism. (“Sudan ceasefire: Khartoum largely quiet, residents say,” BBC, 23 May 2023)

Horn of Africa: Aid agencies support UN’s USD 7 billion for food crisis

On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that humanitarian agencies support the United Nations’ appeal for USD seven billion for the Horn of Africa as more than 43.3 million people need food assistance in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya due to drought in the region. The UN is convening a high-level pledging event on 24 May where member states and partners will be encouraged to provide financial aid to the Horn of Africa crisis. International Rescue Committee President David Miliband stated: “Efforts to combat food insecurity need to be urgently scaled up across a wider group of governments, international financial institutions, and climate actors.” Additionally, Miliband stated that the appeals have received less than a quarter of the needed donations until now. (“Aid agencies back UN’s $7bn appeal for Horn of Africa food crisis,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Nigeria: Dangote opens Africa’s biggest oil refinery

On 22 May, BBC reported that Africa’s biggest oil refinery opened in Nigeria. The refinery is worth USD 19 billion and has the capacity to produce about 650,000 barrels of petroleum products a day which is more than sufficient to meet the country’s demands. In spite of being a major oil producer, Nigeria exports most of its production and imports refined fuel which causes the fuel shortage in the country. President Muhammadu Buhari stated that the refinery could be a game-changer for the Nigerian people. (“Dangote oil refinery launched in Nigeria,” BBC, 22 May 2023)

South Africa: Cholera outbreak 

On 22 May, Al Jazeera reported that an outbreak of Cholera in the province of Gauteng killed ten people and 95 people visited the hospital showing the cholera symptoms. The Gauteng health department stated that lab tests confirmed at least 19 cases of cholera and added that 37 people were admitted in critical condition. The provincial head for health, Nomantu Nkomo-Ralehoko, advised people to take extra precautionary measures and maintain proper hygiene. Additionally, there have been warnings to the residents stating not to drink water from their taps. (“Ten dead, 37 critically ill in SA cholera outbreak,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)

Ukraine’s Foreign Minister tours African countries

On 22 May, Al Jazeera reported that Ukraine Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba started his Africa tour with the main priority to get the support of the African countries on the peace plan introduced by Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky. The visit reflects Kyiv’s diplomatic push to challenge Russian influence in the Global South - Latin America, Africa, and much of Asia. Kuleba stated that the visit aimed to win support for the continuous flow of Ukrainian grain through the Black Sea and secure new venues for Ukrainian business. (“Ukraine courts ‘Global South’ in push to challenge Russia,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)

DRC: President Felix Tshisekedi visits China

On 22 May, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China announced that the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Felix Tshisekedi, intended to meet the President of China, Xi Jinping, from 24 May to 29 May. The summit aims to formally restructure trade deals between the two countries and finalize a USD six billion infrastructure-for-minerals deal with Chinese investors. The DRC is the world’s largest producer of cobalt which is used in batteries and has substantial deposits of gold, lithium, diamonds, and tantalum. Tshisekedi stated that a task force submitted its conclusions about the deal, enabling dialogues with Chinese partners. (“Trade deal signing expected as DRC leader visits China this week,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Nigeria: Death toll rises; Clashes between herders and farmers still on

On 19 May, Nigeria witnessed a rise in the death toll to 85 from the clashes between herders and farmers also leading to the displacement of thousands. The violence broke out on 15 May in Plateau state which lies between Nigeria’s Muslim-dominated north and Christian-dominated south. The region has witnessed long-standing ethnic and religious violence for years. The reason behind the violence is unknown and the violence doesn't seem to subside. So far five have been arrested by the police in connection to the violence. (“Toll in Nigeria clashes between herders and farmers rises to 85,” The Hindu, 19 May 2023)

Mozambique: USD 150 million granted for cyclone Freddy recovery

On 19 May, Al Jazeera reported on the World Bank sanctioning USD 150 million to support Mozambique in its effort to recover from the grave damages caused by cyclone Freddy. The cyclone killed around 1,000 people when it hit Malawi, Mozambique and Madagascar in late February followed by a landfall again in March. The funds (consisting of USD 100 million in grant money and USD 50 million in credit) are drawn from the World Bank’s existing projects in Mozambique. (“World Bank gives Mozambique $150m for Cyclone Freddy recovery,” Al Jazeera, 19 May 2023)

Nigeria: Communal clashes kills more than 100 people 

On 19 May, the fighting between farmers and herders in Nigeria’s north-central state of Plateau increased the death toll above 100. According to residents and local authorities, locals are still in search of more bodies in the bush. The violence took place when a herder and his cattle were killed by farmers who had encroached on the latter’s land in April. The violence is seen as an ethno-religious conflict between nomadic Muslim herders and mainly Christian Indigenous farmers. (“More than 100 people dead in communal clashes in central Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 19 May 2023)

Sudan: Burhan fires Dagalo as his deputy

On 19 May, Sudan’s army chief Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan sacked Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, his deputy and the commander of Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Since the military coup in October 2021, both have served as chairman and deputy of the ruling Sovereign Council. Burhan replaced Dagalo with former rebel leader Malik Agar who is also a Sovereign Council member. He further ordered the immediate effect of the decree issued. (“Sudan's Burhan sacks paramilitary leader as his deputy,” BBC, 19 May 2023

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Ghana: IMF sanctions loan of USD 3 billion 

On 18 May, BBC reported that Ghana signed a new bailout program with the International Monetary Fund(IMF) worth USD three billion for a period of three years. Currently, the country's debt now accounts for 90 per cent of the total annual value of the economy, with an inflation rate of 40 per cent. Additionally, the country’s foreign reserves are almost blank which makes it difficult to pay for imports. The program has been expected to slow the rate of inflation and ensure a stable local currency which would result in steady prices of basic commodities, including imported goods. (“Ghana IMF loan: Will USD 3 billion solve the economic crisis?,” BBC, 18 May 2023)

Uganda: Fate of African Nations over Ukraine grain deal

On 18 May, in a top-level meeting between Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Uganda’s Foreign Minister Jeje Odongo, the latter urged the concerned parties to rethink the stance on the Ukraine black sea grain deal as it affects many African countries. He stated that “We think whatever should be done, should be done in the interests of those in need and not to use their need to the advantage of others.” Lavrov responded: “We would like to understand what specific initiatives President Ramaphosa and his African colleagues, including Uganda’s President Museveni, would like to come up with in order to discuss with us.” (“Uganda's FM urges Moscow to consider plight of African nations over Ukraine grain deal,” Africanews, 18 May 2023)

Somalia: People flee as flood drowns town of Beledweyne

On 18 May, BBC reported on the heavy downpours in central Somalia causing the flooding of the town of Beledweyne. Around 250,000 people fled their homes after the Shabelle River burst. According to Hirshabelle State Interior Minister, 99 per cent of those living in the town and surrounding areas are now homeless. The UN warns that flood could hit Bulo Burde town too which is around 68 miles away. Somalia is just in the recovery path from extreme drought due to the failure of successive rains thus leading to worsening humanitarian conditions. ("Flood engulfs town in central Somalia," BBC, 18 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Nigeria: US embassy personnel under attack

On 17 May, two employees and two police officers were killed during a gunmen attack on a United States convoy in southeast Nigeria. On 16 May, two police officers and a driver were kidnapped in Nigeria’s Anambra state. The number of people in the convoy and the nature of their trip are unclear.  The US Department of State later issued a statement that they have initiated an investigation along with the Nigerian security services. According to the police in Ambara, separatists could be responsible for the attack as there is already an ongoing series of violence. (“Gunmen attack convoy of US embassy personnel in Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 17 May 2023)

Sudan: Rising prices and fuel shortages deepen the humanitarian crisis

On 17 May, Africanews reported that the humanitarian crisis has been worsening in the country as vendors and farmers suffer from rising prices and fuel shortages. The farmers in the Al Qalaa region have been unable to transport their vegetables due to fuel shortages. The United Nations Humanitarian Agency, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA), stated that the price of basic commodities and water has been rising by 60 per cent or more due to supply challenges. (“Vendors, farmers suffer amid rising prices and fuel shortages,” Africanews, 17 May 2023)

Sudan: UN seeks funds for Sudan aid as millions suffer from conflict

On 17 May, BBC reported on the UN seeking some USD three billion to cope with humanitarian activities in Sudan as the conflict doesn't seem to subside. It also expects that more than a million could flee the country due to the fighting and nearly 25 million people accounting for more than half of Sudan’s population are in need of aid and protection. It added that access to aid agencies is difficult and repeated looting of aid supplies and attacks on aid workers are persistent. (“UN seeking $3bn for Sudan aid as fighting rages on,” BBC, 17 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Senegal: Three killed in clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of Ousmane Sonko

On 16 May, BBC reported the death of three in the clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of the opposition politician, Ousmane Sonko, who is facing charges of rape. The protests took place on 15 May following his court appearance for the trial. The latest hearing was adjourned as he denied the charges and refused to turn up. His supporters state the case as a political plot to prevent Sonko from standing in the following presidential election. (“Three killed in Senegal clashes as Sonko snubs trial,” BBC, 16 May 2023)

South Africa: Army chief visits Moscow following US weapons claim

On 16 May, the commander of South Africa’s ground forces visited Moscow just days after facing allegations from the US on loading weapons and ammunition onto a Russian freighter in December. On 15 May, the South African National Defence Force said that the meeting was a part of a “long standing arrangement” and was a “goodwill visit”. It also confirmed that the visit was for a bilateral between the two military establishments. It added that “South Africa has Military to Military bilateral relations with various countries in the continent and beyond” and “receives numerous military delegations into the country and sends its own delegations to other countries.” (“S Africa army chief visits Moscow in wake of US weapons claim,” Al Jazeera, 16 May 2023)

Senegal: Court adjourns the rape trial of Ousmane Sonko

On 16 May, Al Jazeera reported that Ousmane Sonko's rape trial has been adjourned for a week due to his failure to appear in court. Sonko refuted the allegations, claiming that President Macky Sall was attempting to keep him from standing for office in the upcoming elections and asserted his disbelief in the autonomy of the judicial system. A policeman died after being struck by an armoured vehicle during protests in Ziguinchor on 15 May. (“Senegal opposition leader Ousmane Sonko’s rape trial adjourned,” Al Jazeera, 16 May 2023)

Somalia: Flood displaces over 210,000 people

On 16 May, Africanews reported that floodwaters in central Somalia displaced thousands of families from the city of Beledweyne. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA) stated that more than 460,000 people have been affected, including 219,000 people who have been displaced. Important facilities including government offices and hospitals were compelled to close. If the flood persists, there has been concern about an outbreak of malaria and cholera in the region. (“Over 210,000 displaced by flooding in central Somalia,” Africanews, 16 May 2023)

South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa mediates Russia-Ukraine peace plan

On 16 May, President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that six African leaders were planning to visit Russia and Ukraine for a peace talk. Ramaphosa said: “Principle to our discussions are efforts to find a peaceful resolution to the devastating conflict in Ukraine, its cost in human lives, and impact on the African continent. I presented the initiative on behalf of African heads of state from Zambia, Senegal, Congo, Uganda, Egypt, and South Africa.” Additionally, he stated that Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky have agreed to receive the mission, and the African heads of state, in both Moscow and Kyiv. (“Africa pushing Russia-Ukraine peace plan - Ramaphosa,” BBC, 16 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Mali: UN accuses Mali and "foreign" forces of executions in Moura

On 12 May, the UN, in a report published by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR), blamed the Malian army and “foreign” fighters for executing around 500 people in March 2022 during an anti-jihadist action in Moura. The report further states that it had “reasonable grounds to believe that 58 women and girls were victims of rape and other forms of sexual violence.” The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights,  said that these actions could amount to war crimes and even crimes against humanity “depending on the circumstances.” The term “foreigners” is not clearly identified yet it reminds the official Malian statement on the support of Russian “instructors” in the anti-jihadist actions and also the statement of the head of Russian diplomacy Sergei Lavrov on the presence of a private Russian security company, Wagner group, in Mali. (“Mali: army and “foreign” fighters executed 500 people in 2022 in Moura (UN),” Africanews, 12 May 2023) 

Chad: Southern village under attack; 17 killed, several injured

On 12 May, Africanews reported on the “mass killing” by “unidentified armed individuals” in the village of Don, which killed 17 and left 3 injured. The prosecutor’s office of Chad had opened an investigation into the murder and appealed to the witnesses for the identification of the perpetrators. Kabba community, an ethnic group mostly Christian and rely on agriculture form the major inhabitants of the village. Clashes between nomadic Muslim herders and indigenous sedentary farmers, mostly Christians are very common in this region. (“Chad: 17 civilians killed in southern village attack,” Africanews, 12 May 2023)

Sudan: A commitment signed between warring factions for civilian safety

On 12 May, Africanews reported the signing of the “Jeddah Declaration” between the RSF and Sudan’s army on 11 May allowing civilians to leave the conflict zone and uninterrupted supply of humanitarian aid. In Spite of the ongoing clashes, no mention of a ceasefire or truce is mentioned in the declaration. Around 18 aid workers have been killed while helping the civilians and millions are confined within their homes with no basic facilities. As scarcity of money and food creeps in, the UN has warned of soaring hunger. (“Sudan belligerents sign commitment to protect civilians,” Africanews, 12 May 2023)

South Africa: Supplies Arms to Russia, accusation by US

On 12 May, BBC reported that US ambassador Reuben Brigety accused South Africa of supplying weapons to Russia claiming that a Russian ship, Lady R, was loaded with ammunition and arms in Cape Town last December which concerns the country’s stated non-aligned stance on the conflict. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa’s office denied the allegations and said there was no evidence to support the claim. Previously, South Africa abstained from a UN vote condemning the invasion. It also refused to join the US and Europe in imposing sanctions on Russia. South Africa has long-standing ties with Russia because they are members of the BRICS alliance. (“South Africa supplied arms to Russia - US ambassador Reuben Brigety,” BBC, 12 May 2023)

Morocco: Bilateral ties with Portugal

On 13 May, Africanews reported that the 14th Portuguese-Moroccan meeting took place in Lisbon on 12 May. Moroccan Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch and Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa discussed bilateral relations and signed agreements on cooperation, environment, education, and science. Prime Minister Costa emphasised the significance of the labour mobility agreement. (“Morocco, Portugal strengthen bilateral ties,” Africanews, 13 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Sudan: UN examines the human rights abuses 

On 11 May, the United Nations Human Rights Council held a one-day emergency session on killings, injuries, and other abuses against civilians in Sudan. A resolution was adopted calling for the immediate cessation of hostilities with no pre-conditions to scrutinise the human rights violations. United Nations High Commissioner Volker Türk accused the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and Rapid Support Force(RSF) of violating international humanitarian law. (“UN rights body approves tighter scrutiny of abuses in Sudan,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)

Sudan: South Sudanese struggles despite fleeing conflict

On 11 May, Africanews reported that more than 40,000 people, majority South Sudanese, fled Sudan due to ongoing conflict. The UN has called for more than USD 95 million in urgent assistance. The people returning are going back to remote villages challenged by limited access to roads, healthcare and food. The World Food Programme has only been able to reach 50 per cent of people facing food insecurity. The war is disrupting supply chains leading to inflation. (“South Sudanese flee Sudan's conflict yet return to crisis,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)

Zambia: Discusses economic ties with France

 On 11 May, africanews reported that French President Emmanuel Macron and Zambia President Hakainde Hichilema discussed the restructuring of  Zambia’s debt and economic diplomacy between countries on 10 May in France. Hichilema said: “Our continent, Africa, has been lagging. We must do something dramatic to lift Africa. We cannot continue with the old ways. And that’s why, in our talks with President Macron, as I said, it was a debt issue, but also for investment, for trade.” He added that Zambia was ready for business and the country has opportunities to offer in sectors including energy, minerals, and agriculture. Further, he stated that he is not anyone's puppet and that he works with other nations to promote mutual interests following the accusation of him being used by Western nations. (“Zambia’s Hichelma discusses debt, economic ties in France,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)

Sub-Saharan Africa: 16.5 million displacements in 2022

On 11 May, africanews reported that the overlapping crises in Africa forced millions of people to flee their countries in 2022. According to a joint report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre(IDMC) and Norwegian Refugee Council(NRC), the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa recorded around 16.5 million people displaced in 2022, and more than half of them were displaced due to conflict in DRC and Ethiopia. IDMC Chief Alexandra Bilal said: “Since the start of the most recent conflict in April, we have already recorded the same number of displacements as we did for the whole year in 2022. Clearly, it’s a very volatile situation on the ground.” Bilal pointed out that more than 3 million people have already been displaced across Sudan in 2023. (“16.5 million displacements recorded across sub-saharan Africa in 2022- report,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)

Mali: Soldiers killed in ambush

On 11 May, six Malian soldiers were killed and nine were injured this week in an ambush on a Malian army detachment near Bamako in the west of the country. According to the police source, the soldiers were attacked near the town of Badala, around 130 km from the capital. The nature of the attack and the identity of the assailants were not specified. It added that the soldiers’ retaliation left “several dead.” A local politician who confirmed the death toll said that the attack was carried out by “terrorists”, a term which is used in Mali to indicate Jihadists. Since 2012, there has been a significant spread of jihadism and complex political, economic and humanitarian crisis in Mali. (“Malian soldiers killed in ambush,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)

Guinea: Police fires at the protestors; nearly 7 killed and 32 wounded

On 11 May, nearly 7 people were killed and 32 injured in the anti-military government protests that took place in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Police in riot gear came down with a heavy hand on the rioters as rocks and burned tyres were thrown at police. A new series of protests is being planned in the face of the killings. Nzerekore, a city in the southeast and the central town of Dabola too witnessed small-scale protests. The opposition parties and civil society groups said in a joint statement that arrests were reported. They added that a second day of peaceful demonstrations would be held as planned. There were no responses to the allegations from the military rulers so far. Guinea is facing widespread protests and deadly clashes since the military took over in a string of coups since 2020. (“At least seven people killed by police gunfire in Guinea protests,” Al Jazeera, 11 May 2023 )

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Democratic Republic of Congo: 16 killed in multiple landslides in eastern DRC

On 10 May, an overnight landslide due to the recent downpours killed 10 people in Lubero territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. DRC’s Communication Minister Patrick Muyaya said that on 8 May that at least six people died in a landslide in Songambele mine near the town of Rubaya in North Kivu province. A day of national mourning to mark the disaster was declared on 8 May by President Felix Tshisekedi. An outbreak of cholera is anticipated in the region due to lack of sanitation facilities. Neighbouring Rwanda also witnessed flooding and landslides killing nearly 130 people. (“At least 16 people killed in multiple landslides in eastern DRC,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Talks commence on the usage of Uganda crude oil pipeline 

On 10 May, DRC’s Ministry of Hydrocarbons stated that the country initiated discussions with Uganda on the East African country’s crude oil pipeline to export petroleum into international markets. The DRC Ministry of Hydrocarbons tweeted: “Uganda acknowledged the crucial requirement of DRC to access the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) for the transport of crude oil to be produced from the oil exploration blocks located in the Albertine Garden in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” A spokesperson for Uganda’s energy minister confirmed that neighbouring countries such as DRC, Sudan, and Tanzania could also use EACOP. (“DR congo in discussions with Uganda over the use of the crude pipeline,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)

Sudan: Continuous fighting and looting, reports from people

On 10 May, BBC reported that fierce fighting occurred in the northern suburbs of Khartoum between the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces(RSF). The residents of Omdurman said that they could see black smoke across the city and hear the sounds of heavy shelling and artillery. Some residents claim that shells have fallen at the famous al-Mahdi mosque. The lack of food and money made people involved in ransacking the outlets in the country amidst conflict. (“Ferocious battles and looting in Sudan- residents,” BBC, 10 May 2023)

Senegal: Latest agitations leave one dead and 30 injured

On 10 May, a fresh wave of protests in the Ngor neighbourhood of the Senegalese capital, Dakar, killed a 15-year-old girl and left 30 people injured. The protest erupted when the locals demanded the construction of a high school instead of a police station and the police subsequently confronted them. This unrest took place along with the general demonstrations called by Ousmane Sonko, major opposition leader, who was sentenced to jail for defaming a minister, threatening his candidacy in the upcoming presidential elections. The deputy mayor of Ngor, Souley Mbengue, said to Al Jazeera: “This is not a political protest and what is happening is incomprehensible to us we don’t understand. All we want is a high school, and not a police station.” (“One dead, 30 injured in new wave of unrest in Senegal,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)

Guinea: Intensive clashes between police and anti-junta protestors

On 10 May, the anti-junta protestors  faced tear gas attacks from the riot police. As a part of retaliation, the police were stoned by the youngsters and barricades were burnt. The confrontations left nearly 10 injured. The northern town of Labe and Nzerekore in the south-east also had demonstrations. Since the coup in 2021 that led to the overthrowing of President Alpha Conde by Lieutenant Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, the commander of the country’s special forces, the major demand by the protestors is the reinstatement of civilian rule in the country. (“Guinea police fire tear gas at anti-junta protesters,” BBC, 10 May 2023)

Sudan: Cost hike of essential commodities due to disrupted supply chains

On 10 May, Africanews reported that the United Nations Humanitarian Agency noted that there is a price hike up to 60 per cent and more for essential commodities like fuel, food staples and water as the supply chains are disrupted due to the fighting in Khartoum and other parts of Sudan. Since Khartoum is a hub for industries and services, the clashes have hindered the economic process which has added to the existing years of spiking inflation, sharp currency devaluations and the stagnant economy. Trade operations have closed and major ports have halted operations as a result of the clashes. With the continued fighting, the economic situation is expected to deteriorate further. (“Sudan: “Price of basic commodities go up by 60 per cent as fighting escalates,” Africanews, 10 May 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: President Felix Tschiskedi visits Botswana

On 10 May, Africanews reported the onset of a state visit by DRC’s President Felix Tschiskedi to Botswana on 9 May. The office of the President of the Republic of Botswana stated that the visit will ensure the deepening of bilateral cooperation and discussion of continental integration. The visit came after the Southern African Development Community (SADC), a 16-member group came to an agreement to deploy forces to help bring down violence in the eastern DRC. Tschiskedi stated upon his visit that he would ensure arrangements for the coming of SADC troops and also criticized the already deployed contingents from the East African Community (EAC). On 9 May, he said the mandate of EAC’s force ends in June “and if we feel that the mandate was not fulfilled will return them and thank them for having tried.” (“DRC’s president on state visit to Botswana, bilateral ties and security top the agenda,” Africanews, 10 May 2023 )

Somalia: Conflict in disputed Las Anod threatens Somaliland’s diplomatic aims

On 10 May, Al Jazeera reported the fighting in the disputed city of Las Anod which took place on 6 February. The conflict between the forces in the self-declared state of Somaliland and local militia from the Dhulbahante clan in northern Somalia has so far led to 299 casualties leaving 1,913 injured and more than 200,000 displaced. According to analysts, the upheaval can put Somalia's stability at stake and deprive it of its international recognition. A former development worker in Hargeisa, Matthee Gordon, said: “Somaliland may maintain its strategic importance but it will lose its broader legitimacy amongst groups sympathetic to Somaliland’s independence if the conflict persists.” (“Conflict in disputed Las Anod dims Somaliland’s diplomatic dreams,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Sudan: 16 dead in ethnic clashes followed by imposition of curfew

On 9 May, Sudan’s Suna news agency reported the death of at least 16 people in the ethnic clashes that broke out on 8 May between the two groups, Hausa and Nuba. The governor declared a curfew in the White Nile state. The clashes are not related to the ongoing power tussle; rather, a regular brawl between farmers and herders over access to water and land. The Hausa group claimed that they are discriminated against on the basis of an ancestral law which prohibits them from owning lands. Access to land is a crucial issue as agriculture and livestock account for 43 per cent of jobs and 30 per cent of GDP. With less administration of security due to the coup since 2021, there are recurring instances of inter-ethnic and inter-tribal conflicts. (“Sudan: 16 dead in ethnic clashes, curfew imposed,” Africanews, 9 May 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Devastating flood affects dozens

On 9 May, Africanews reported the ongoing search for countless people missing in the floods caused by heavy downpours in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The villages are destroyed and bodies are being retrieved from the lake. A Congolese government spokesperson, Patrick Muyaya, confirmed that the latest death toll in the affected villages has reached 401, mostly in Lake Kivu. Greenpeace Africa emphasised on “the necessity for the authorities to work on a national development plan focusing strongly on the risk of flooding in certain areas of the country.” The recurring downpours resulting in deadly floods and other extreme weather conditions are attributed to climate change by the experts. On 6 May, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres noted the grave implications of climate change and its impact on countries that have little contribution to global warming. (“Search for countless missing goes on in DR Congo,” Africanews, 9 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Mali: Long-term resistance to constitutional referendum continues

On 8 May, Al Jazeera reported that several political associations in Mali had joined forces to oppose the government’s decision to hold a referendum on a new constitution scheduled on 18 June. The referendum which was previously planned to be held on 19 March is considered a milestone as it promised elections in February after the coup in 2021. The coalition is demanding the cancellation of the decree to convene the electoral bodies that it considers the ruling authorities illegitimate. Additionally, they attributed to the insecurity that is prevailing in the country. Constitutional change has long been disputed in the nation as it faces multiple challenges which include resistance from various Muslim religious figures, rebel groups, and civil society who do not support the idea of a secular state. The government announced that the referendum campaign will run from 2 June to 16 June. (“Malian political coalition opposes constitutional referendum,” Al Jazeera, 8 May 2023)

Sudan: 10,000 flee to neighbouring Central African Republic amidst clashes

On 7 May, UN officials said that around 9,700 people from Sudan have moved to the Central African Republic owing to the conflict between the Rapid Support Force (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The numbers, according to the officials, are expected to increase and more than half the population is in need of assistance and protection. The UN’s top humanitarian official in the country, Mohamed Ag Ayoya, said that the discussions are underway regarding the settlement of the refugees. Existing malnutrition, disease outbreaks, and the flood-prone condition of the region are major concerns. Gervais Tengomo, an emergencies officer with the WHO said that surveillance to detect any possible epidemic outbreak has intensified. According to the UN, around 120,000 people are in need of food assistance in Sudan. (“Nearly 10,000 flee from Sudan to neighbouring Central African Republic,” Africanews, 8 May 2023)

Zimbabwe: Digital currency backed by gold introduced in the country

On 8 May, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe introduced a digital token as a legal tender, backed by gold reserves. The currency is said to be a form of electronic money that allows the holders of Zimbabwean currency to exchange it in return for the gold-backed tokens. The aim of the digital currency is to reduce the volatility of the Zimbabwean currency which declined significantly; USD one currently worth approximately 1,000 Zimbabwean dollars, compared to 150 Zimbabwean dollars a year ago. The increased inflation rate has been a challenge in Zimbabwe for the past 10 years. President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who assured a middle-income economy by the year 2023, is unable to restore confidence in the local currency yet. (“Zimbabwe introduces digital currency backed by gold,” Africanews, 8 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Sudan: US imposes sanctions following the fighting

On 5 May, the US President, Joe Biden, released a presidential order authorizing sanctions against Sudan by calling the savagery a tragedy and a betrayal of its people. Biden stated that the brutality was an “unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the US.” Previously, the director of US National Intelligence, Avril Haines, said that the conflicts could elevate as both groups have few incentives to negotiate. The World Food Programme(WFP) has evaluated that more than USD 13 million worth of food aid has been ransacked since April. The UN Children’s Agency, UNICEF, warned that youngsters have been increasingly caught in the crossfire in between the conflict. (“President Biden authorizes sanctions against Sudan,” BBC, 5 May 2023)

Mozambique: Japan promises to assist counterterrorism

On 5 May, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida visited Mozambique as part of his six-day tour in Africa and stated that Japan is interested in financing the fight against terrorism in Northern Cabo Delgado province. The province has been besieged by Islamist insurgency for years which Japan considers as a threat to its consortiums involved in extracting natural gas in the Rovuma basin. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Mozambican President Filipe Nyusi discussed the necessity of private investment by Japan in transport, agriculture, industry, and tourism to strengthen Mozambique's economy, intending to strengthen the bilateral cooperation between the countries. (“Japan pledges to help Mozambique fight terrorism,” BBC, 5 May 2023)

Burkina Faso: Addresses Russia as their strategic partner

On 5 May, the interim president of Burkina Faso, Captain Ibrahim Traore, mentioned Russia as their strategic partner and stated that he was satisfied with his country’s military ties. Traore said: “I am satisfied with our military cooperation with Russia. Besides, Burkino Faso’s cooperation with Russia dates back to a long time, but we are developing it and move it further.” Traore denied the suspected reports of the Russian Wagner Group mercenaries supporting them in their fight against Islamic terror groups. He stated that France is still an ally even though French forces have exited the country. Traore concluded that Burkina Faso has many international partners but will cooperate only with nations who support them. (“Burkina Faso hails Russia as a ‘strategic partner’,” BBC, 5 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul

Kenya: Opposition party halts the anti-government protests 

On 4 May, Aljazeera reported that the opposition party of Kenya, Azimio La Umoja (Declaration of Unity) alliance, led by Raila Odinga has made a statement on 3 May that they are suspending the anti-government demonstrations which were planned on 4 May. Odinga said: “Leadership had met and agreed to once more suspend the mass protests.” He added that the government “agreed to one of our demands” without making a clear statement about their agreement. The protests were against rigging the election and high cost of living. (“Kenya opposition suspends protest after agreement with government,” Al Jazeera, 4 May 2023) 

Sudan: Ceasefire fails in Khartoum after the explosions

On 4 May, the ceasefire in Sudan failed as they witnessed explosions and gunfire in Khartoum. Additionally, there were bombardments reported in the adjoining cities of Omdurman and Bahri. The United Nations Refugee Agency said that it was planning to evacuate more than 800,000 people from Sudan and it estimated USD 450 million would be required to support them for the next five months. (“Sudan’s latest ceasefire shattered by explosions,” BBC, 4 May 2023)

South Africa: ANC members comments on the stand of ICC concerning African leaders

On 4 May, a senior member of South Africa’s governing African National Congress (ANC) made a statement that the African leaders are predominantly targeted by the International Criminal Court (ICC). Mmeaseka Letsike, a member of ANC's National Executive Committee, commented that the party is reflecting on the “potential shortfalls” of South Africa as a member of the ICC and that the law of ICC is inconsistent and unequal. She made the statement after President Cyril Ramaphosa declared that they had decided to pull out of ICC and later it was revoked. As a member of ICC, South Africa is obliged to hand over Russian President Vladimir Putin who is expected to attend the BRICS summit hosted by the country in August 2023. ICC had issued an arrest warrant against Putin, accusing him of war crimes in the Ukraine War. (“ICC predominantly targets African leaders - ANC member,” BBC, 4 May 2023)

Rwanda: Floods and landslides kill more than 130 people

On 4 May, BBC reported that at least 130 people died after heavy floods and landslides in Rwanda's northern and western provinces. The report quoted Rwanda's public broadcaster, RBA, which said that the casualties are expected to rise owing to the intensity of the rising flood waters. The neighbouring Uganda also had casualties followed by landslides. The Rwandan government has started relief measures including aiding the burial of the dead and provision of supplies to devastated victims. Rwandan weather authorities attributed the climate change to the unusual rains and flooding in the recent years. According to authorities, the downpour situation is likely to extend throughout the month. (“Rwanda floods and landslides kill more than 130 people,” BBC, 4 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: The withdrawal of German troops deployed under the UN mission

On 3 May, the German troops started shipping the first components of equipment as part of their withdrawal of nearly 1000 troops from Mali under the UN peacekeeping mission, MINUSMA. The decision comes after a tussle with the Malian military government followed by the deployment of the Russian forces. The German commander in Mali, Colonel Heiko Bohnsack, told German daily, Tagesspiegel, that as part of the initial withdrawal, the materials will be slowly removed; meanwhile, the troops will remain to complete their mission. However, the German government has proposed a one year extension of the mission until May 2024, waiting for its approval in the lower house of parliament. ("German troops deployed to UN mission begin withdrawal from Mali" AlJazeera, 3 May 2023)

Sudan: UN Chief calls for end to fight

On 3 May, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, told the reporters in Kenya that there should be an immediate end to the conflict in Sudan before it could escalate to a full-scale war. He iterated on the humanitarian crisis brought by the destruction of hospitals and looting of food and aid warehouses. A new seven-day truce has been agreed between the warring factions after multiple failed ceasefires. The UN humanitarian Chief, Martin Griffiths, previously mentioned about the looting of six trucks sent by the UN World Food Programme in the Darfur region despite many security assurances. Additionally, Griffths said that he is trying to bring collective commitment from the warring parties to allow supply of the humanitarian aid. (“UN chief calls for end to fighting in Sudan,” BBC, 3 May 2023)

IN BRIEF 

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Rival factions agrees to hold peace talks

On 2 May, UN’s special representative to Sudan, Volker Perthes told Associated Press that Sudan’s rival factions have agreed to send their representatives for peace talks, potentially in Saudi Arabia. The same day, the foreign ministry of South Sudan said that the rival parties in Sudan had agreed “in principle” to a week-long ceasefire which would begin from 4 May. Meanwhile, the fighting had continued despite the three-day ceasefire. The clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has now reached a third week accusing each other of violating the agreed ceasefires. South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir emphasised on the need for a long-lasting ceasefire in order to begin peace talks. Meanwhile, the UN reported that nearly 100,000 Sudanese had left the country amid the conflict. (“Sudan rivals agree to 'stable ceasefire' talks - UN,” BBC, 2 May 2023; “Sudan rivals agree 'in principle' to a week's truce,” BBC, 2 May 2023; “Sudan faces catastrophe as 100,000 flee war - UN,” BBC, 2 May 2023)

Kenya: Opposition resumes protests

On 2 May, major opposition leader in Kenya, Raila Odinga, resumed protests against the rising cost of living and election irregularities. Initially, the protests began in March, but were later suspended after Odinga and Kenyan President Willam Ruto agreed to hold talks. The disagreements during the talks led to the resumption of the protests. Besides, the authorities had banned opposition protests claiming “in the interests of national security,” and citing violence during the previous demonstrations. (“Police deployed ahead of Kenya opposition protests,” BBC, 2 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Japan's prime minister’s visit to Africa

On 1 May, Africanews reported on Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s visit to Africa. He began his visit in Egypt. He will also be visiting Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique. In Egypt Kishida held a meeting with Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sissi. During a press conference after the meeting between the leaders Al Sissi said: “We reviewed the challenges the international arena is witnessing today, in particular the massive economic repercussions left by the Ukrainian crisis on developing countries that exceeded what the coronavirus pandemic caused in terms of a rise in inflation rates, energy and food prices, and expectations of a decline in the growth rate." He added: “We discussed many regional issues of common concern, especially the Palestinian issue and the situation in Libya. Developments in Sudan occupied an important aspect of the talks.” (“Japan's PM lands in Accra after kicking off African tour in Egypt,” Africanews, 1 May 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: UK relocates its ambassador to Ethiopia

On 28 April, the UK government relocated its ambassador to Sudan to neighbouring Ethiopia and temporarily closed its embassy in Sudan. The British Foreign Office stated: "From Addis Ababa, he will lead the UK's diplomatic efforts in the region to bring fighting to an end in Sudan." The move was followed after the evacuation of 536 British nationals from the conflict-riven Sudan. (“UK relocates its Sudanese ambassador to Ethiopia,” BBC, 28 April 2023)

Burkina Faso: 33 soldiers killed in attack

On 28 April, BBC reported that at least 33 soldiers were killed in north-east Burkina Faso. An army statement said that Islamist militants active in the region are suspected to be behind the attack. The incident marked the second similar attack over a week killing dozens of soldiers.Over 100 civilians were killed in the region by what the local officials described as men in military uniform. Non-governmental organisations reported that over 10,000 civilians and soldiers have been killed in various attacks since the beginning of this year. (“Thirty-three soldiers killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 28 April 2023)

Tunisia: Over 200 migrant dies near Tunisian coast

On 28 April, BBC reported on coastguards recovering the bodies of 41 migrants off the Tunisian coast. A senior official said that more than 200 people drowned over the past week. A justice official in the port city of Sfax, Faouzi Masmoudi said: “On Tuesday [25 April], we had more than 200 bodies, well beyond the capacity of the hospital, which creates a health problem.” The UN migration agency said that a total of nearly 300 migrants died, including those departing from the Libyan coast, over the past week. It added that more than 800 people died this year alone. (“More than 200 migrants die off Tunisia in just 10 days,” BBC, 28 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Government agrees to resume negotiations over GERD

On 27 April, Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that it is ready to resume tripartite negotiations with Egypt and Sudan regarding the issue over the Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD). State Minister of Foreign Affairs Mesganu Arga announced the decision while talking with the US special envoy to the Horn of Africa, Mike Hammer. The ministry stated through Twitter: "Regarding GERD [Ambassador Mesganu] said Ethiopia is ready to resume the tripartite negotiations under the auspices of the AU." The relations between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan have strained over the construction and operation of the dam, which demands a legal agreement regarding the same. (“Ethiopia says ready to resume Nile dam negotiations,” BBC, 27 April 2023)

Sudan: UK accused of delaying German evacuation operation

On 27 April, senior German political sources told the BBC that the UK’s efforts to evacuate its embassy staff from Sudan hindered evacuation efforts of German citizens. They accused the British forces of landing in Sudan without the consent of the Sudanese army while other European countries were hoping to airlift their citizens. The sources said that the “unannounced British military presence” angered the Sudanese army and after which they refused access to the facility. The UK Ministry of Defence described the allegations as “complete nonsense.” (“Sudan crisis: UK accused of delaying German evacuation efforts,” BBC, 27 April 2023)

‘Climate Change,’ a major cause for the droughts in East Africa, WWA analysis

On 27 April, Al Jazeera reported on a study by the World Weather Attribution on the continuing severe drought in the Horn of Africa. The analysis says that the drought has left more than 4.35 million people in the region in dire need of humanitarian aid. Besides, 43,000 people in Somalia are estimated to have died in 2022. According to the study, climate change is a major driver behind the worst drought. A climate scientist with the Kenya Meteorological Department who worked with WWA, Joyce Kimutai said: “Climate change has made this drought exceptional.” (“Global warming made Horn of Africa drought possible: WWA study,” Al Jazeera, 27 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Presidency clarifies statement on exiting ICC

On 26 April, the South African presidency clarified a previous statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa that the country would be exiting the International Criminal Court (ICC). On 25 April, during a talk with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto, who was on a state visit to South Africa, Ramaphosa stated that the governing African National Congress (ANC) had resolved to quit the ICC over "unfair treatment". However, the presidency later clarified in a statement that regrettable, Ramaphosa had made an error. The South African government is under pressure to take a decision on the arrest warrant of Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is due to visit the country this year for the BRICS summit. (“South Africa not withdrawing from ICC - presidency,” BBC, 26 April 2023)

Libya: 55 migrants killed after a boat capsized near coast of Libya

On 26 April, the UN’s migration agency said that at least 55 migrants were killed after a boat carrying 60 people sank off the coast of Libya. The boat capsized while sailing from a town to the east of the capital, Tripoli. Five migrants, including a Syrian child survived. The Libyan coast is a common departure point for the migrants trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe. (“Migrant boat sinks off Libya killing 55 passengers,” BBC, 26 April 2023)

Sudan: Thousands crossing to Ethiopia amid fighting

On 26 April, Ethiopian authorities told the BBC that thousands of people belonging to multiple nationalities fleeing Sudan fighting have crossed the border into Ethiopia.  A spokesperson from the Amhara region, Gizachew Muluneh, said that those who have arrived include people from Turkey and Yemen along with Sudanese and Ethiopian nationals. A statement from the regional authorities said that more than 15 buses carrying people are arriving in Sudan daily. (“Thousands of foreigners cross into Ethiopia from Sudan,” BBC, 26 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: ANC calls for an exit from ICC

On 25 April, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that the governing party African National Congress wanted the country to leave the International Criminal Court. Ramaphosa said: “Yes, the governing party … has taken that decision that it is prudent that South Africa should pull out of the ICC; We would like this matter of unfair treatment to be properly discussed, but in the meantime, the governing party has decided once again that there should be a pull-out.” This comes after the ICC issued an arrest warrant against Russian President Vladymir Putin for alleged war crimes in Ukraine. South Africa has been continuously criticised for its pro-Russia stance. The country is due to host the BRICS summit this year; being a member of ICC, it is obliged to arrest Putin on his arrival to attend the summit. (“South Africa’s Ramaphosa says governing party wants ICC exit,” Al Jazeera, 25 April 2023) 

Sudan: WHO warns a “biological hazard”

On 25 April, the World Health Organization (WHO) said that there is a high risk of a “biological hazard” at a laboratory in Khartoum after one of the rival factions captured the same. On the same day, BBC reported that a 72 hours agreed ceasefire in Sudan appears to be holding despite the reports of new gunfire and shelling. Currently, at least 459 people are reportedly killed and thousands have fled the country. Meanwhile, several European, Asian and African countries have evacuated hundreds of their citizens. (“Sudan crisis: Gunfire heard but uneasy truce holds,” BBC, 25 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: At least 60 civilians killed in armed men attack

On 24 April, Al Jazeera reported that at least 60 civilians were killed in an attack in the village of Karma in northern Burkina Faso. A Prosecutor, Lamine Kabore, citing information from the Ouahigouya police station said that the perpetrators were wearing the uniforms of the Burkinabe armed forces. He said: “The wounded have been evacuated and are currently being taken care of within our health facilities.” Several active armed groups are believed to control 40 per cent of the country. In the beginning of April, the Burkinabe military government had announced a “general mobilisation” against the jihadist groups active in the country. (“Dozens killed in Burkina Faso attack near Mali border,” Al Jazeera, 24 April 2023)

Kenya: At least 47 bodies belonging to a Christian cult exhumated

On 24 April, BBC reported on Kenyan police exhumating 47 bodies near the coastal town of Malindi. The bodies are said to belong to a Christian cult, the Good News International Church. Cult leader, Paul Makenxi Nthenge was arrested previously after being alleged of forcing his followers to starve themselves to death in order to “meet jesus.” Kenyan Minister of Interior, Kithkure Kindiki said that nearly 800 acres of the forest had been sealed off and  declared as a crime scene. (Kenya cult deaths: 47 bodies found in investigation into 'starvation cult',” BBC, 24 April 2023)

Sudan: EU evacuates 1000 citizens; US deploys disaster response team

On 24 April, BBC reported on the European Union foreign policy chief, Josep Borrell’s statement, which said that more than 1000 European Union citizens were evacuated from Sudan amid the fighting between the rival military factions. He added that the EU will continue to push for a peace deal to end the crisis. The same day, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) deployed a disaster response expert team to coordinate with the humanitarian response team in Sudan. The head of the agency Samantha Power stated: “The United States demands that the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces abide by the three-day Eid al-Fitr ceasefire to which they have agreed, end this reckless bloodshed, facilitate humanitarian access, comply with international humanitarian law.” (“Over 1,000 EU citizens evacuated from Sudan, Sudan: US deploying disaster response team,” BBC, 24 April 2023)

IN BRIEF 

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: US deploys additional troops in Djibouti for expected evacuation in Sudan

On 21 April, Al Jazeera reported on the Us preparing to deploy additional troops in its military base in Djibouti for any emergency evacuation of its citizens needed from Sudan. The Pentagon stated: “We are deploying additional capabilities nearby in the region for contingency purposes related to securing and potentially facilitating the departure of US embassy personnel from Sudan, if circumstances require it.” (“US deploys more troops to Djibouti for possible Sudan evacuation,” Al Jazeera, 21 April 2023)

Sudan: A three-day volatile truce

On 21 April, Sudan’s military released a statement agreeing for a three-day truce for the people to celebrate Eid. The statement read: "The armed forces hope that the rebels will abide by all the requirements of the truce and stop any military moves that would obstruct it.” This comes following several failed ceasefires in the week. Previously, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had agreed to an Eid ceasefire. However, the same day, BBC reported that the fighting continued in Sudan’s capital Khartoum, despite the agreed ceasefire. (“Heavy gunfire reported despite Sudan army Eid truce,” BBC, 21 April 2023; “Sudan army tweets agreement to three-day Eid truce,” BBC, 21 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Between 10,000 and 20,000 Sudanese left the country, says UN

On 20 April, the UN warned that between  10,000 and 20,000 have fled Sudan amid the political crisis. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) stated that it was “greatly alarmed by the escalating violence in Sudan.” A statement by the agency read: "The initial, most pressing, needs are water, food, shelter, health care, child protection, and prevention of gender-based violence.” (“Between 10,000 to 20,000 flee Sudan for Chad - UN,” BBC, 20 April 2023)

Uganda: President refuses to sign anti-LGBT bill

On 20 April, Ugandan President Yower Museveni refused to sign the controversial anti-LGBT bill that prescribed death penalty for particular cases. A spokesperson to the presidency stated that Museveni was not against the bill, however, wanted the parliamentarians to consider “the issue of rehabilitation.” The meeting was dissolved returning the bill to the national assembly with demand for “improvement.”(“ Uganda’s President Museveni refuses to sign anti-LGBTQ bill,” Al Jazeera, 20 April 2023)

Mali: President’s chief of staff and three others killed in armed men attack

On 20 April, Mali military junta stated that the chief of staff for interim President Oumar Traore and three others were killed in an attack in the rural area of Nara in Koulikoro region. The statement did not provide any further details on the attack or who was responsible for the attack. However, rebel groups linked to al-Qaeda and ISIL have captured vast regions of the country, killed thousands and displaced millions since 2012. (“Malian president’s chief of staff, three others killed in ambush,” Al Jazeera, 20 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Eight school girls escapes from kidnappers

On 19 April, BBC reported that eight Nigerian schoolgirls who were abducted by gunmen previously in April, escaped from their abductors. The students were seized by an armed group while they were going home after school in Awon in the area of Kachia. Kaduna state security commissioner Samuel Aruwan said that the students escaped through the forest along the Niger border. (“Eight Nigerian schoolgirls escape from kidnappers,” BBC, 19 April 2023)

Chad: 320 Sudanese soldiers detained while fleeing from the violence

On 19 April, Kenyan President Willian Ruto said that he was deeply alarmed by the “misunderstanding” between the rival military factions in Sudan that caused the violence. He urged both sides to agree for an emergency ceasefire and to allow “unrestricted humanitarian access” to the affected. He added: "There is real danger that the escalation of hostilities in Sudan could implicate external, regional and international actors and degenerate into a security and humanitarian crisis on a disastrous scale." Meanwhile, the same day,, BBC reported that nearly 320 Sudanese troops were detained in Chad while trying to cross the Chad border through Darfur region. The AFP news agency quoted Chad’s defence minister saying: "They arrived in our territory, were disarmed and detained.” He added that they fled Sudan fearing being killed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (“Chad detains 320 fleeing Sudanese troops Kenyan leader urges Sudan rivals to ceasefire,” BBC, 19 April 2023)

Sudan: Russia’s Wargner group denies involvement in the violence

On 19 April, the head of the Russian mercenary Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin, denied involvement in the Sudan crisis and added that the company doesn't have any presence in Sudan for more than two years.  He said: “I can tell you with absolute certainty, with absolute accuracy, and you can enter my words in any protocols for any institution in the highest levels: as of today, there is not a single private military company (PMC) Wagner fighter, I stress - not a single one - in Sudan. And it has been this way for over two years.” He was responding to a journalist who asked regarding the groups' support to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (“Russia’s Wagner denies involvement in Sudan crisis,” BBC, 19 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: At least 33 people killed in gunmen attack

On 17 April, Africanews reported that at least 33 people were killed following a gunmen attack in the village of Runji in the northwest of Nigeria. The State Commissioner of Security, Samuel Aruwan said: “Troops had a fierce encounter with the attackers and are still in the general area.” No group has claimed responsibility for the attack. However, bandits who are accused of recurring attacks and kidnappings are suspected to be behind the attack. (“At least 33 people killed by gunmen in northwest Nigeria,” Africanews, 17 April 2023)

Burkina Faso: At least 42 people including ten soldiers killed in two jihadist attacks

On 17 April, Africanews reported that at least ten soldiers and 32 civilian auxiliaries were killed in two jihadist attacks in the northern region of Aorema. The attacks happened after the government declared “general mobilisation” against the escalating jihadist violence on 13 April. Apart from the declaration, the military government announced to “give the state all the necessary means” to deal with the jihadist attacks in the country. It stated that those measures will provide in particular “the right to request people, goods and services and the right to call for defence employment, individually or collectively.” (“42 soldiers and soldiers' aides killed in two more attacks in Burkina Faso,” Africanews, 17 April 2023)

Sudan: Heavy fighting erupts between rival military faction killing 50 civilians

On 17 April, BBC reported that more than 50 civilians were killed in Sudan following heavy fighting between rival military factions. The clashes erupted between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under General Hamdan Dagalo and the military leader Abdel Fattah-al-Burhan. The UK, the US, the EU, China and Russia have all called for an immediate ceasefire. The UN’s Secretary General Antonio Guterres has urged both the leaders to end the violence. (“Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead,” BBC, 17 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: Rebels refuses to disarm

On 14 April, M23 rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo said that they will not disarm or demobilise until a direct political dialogue with the government. A spokesperson from the rebel group, Lawrence Kanyuka, stated that the Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi refused to hold negotiations with the rebels. Previously, Tshisekedi said that under an agreement negotiated by regional states, the M23 rebels are expected to demobilise. (“Rebels refuse to disarm in DR Congo conflict,” BBC, 14 April 2023)

Burkina Faso: Government’s mobilisation to fight insurgency

On 14 April, Burkina Faso’s military government set a target of regaining 40 per cent of its territory which were captured by militant groups previously. It announced a “general mobilisation” to give them “all necessary means” to follow the same. The decision comes after at least 44 people were killed following an attack on the village of Kaourakou and Tondobi in the north-east of the country. Defence Minister Col Maj Kassoum Coulibaly stated that the new measures would give “a legal framework to all the actions to be implemented to deal with the situation that Burkina Faso is experiencing.” (“Burkina Faso 'mobilisation' ramps up terror response,” BBC, 14 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Tensions rise as army accuses RSF of mobilising troops

On 13 April, the Sudanese army warned that Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a major paramilitary group in Sudan under Deputy President Mohamed Hamdan Dagolo, is mobilising its troops in cities across the country. In a statement, the military accused the group of breaking the law. There are growing concerns of a fully escalated confrontation between the two sides. The developments came after the transitional leaders failed to meet the deadline for a civilian transition and breakdown of talks between the rival military factions. (“Tension as Sudan's army accuses rival force of mobilising,” BBC, 13 April 2023)

Mali: Militants takes over village 

On 13 April, BBC reported that  jihadists affiliated to the Islamic State took control of a village in Ménaka, Mali. The capture was reported days after another village, Tidermene, was seized by the militants. Since 2022, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara has launched a major offensive in northern Mali. Apart from that, clashes with Al-Qaeda-linked fighters as well as former Tuareg rebels are destabilizing the region. (“Jihadist group takes over village in northern Mali,” BBC, 13 April 2023)

Egypt accuses Ethiopia of delaying GERD talks

On 13 April, Egypt’s deputy foreign minister on African affairs accused Ethiopia of “buying time” through talks while continuing to fill the GERD dam without an agreement. He condemned the statement by Ethiopia that accused him of “politicising” the Nile dam dispute. Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been in a years-long dispute over the sharing of Nile river regarding the construction of the GERD, with Sudan and Egypt raising concern that the dam would reduce their share of water. (“Egypt accuses Ethiopia of ‘buying time’ in Nile dam row,” BBC, 13 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Germany expels Chad’s ambassador in a retaliatory move

On 12 April, Chad’s ambassador to Germany was expelled in a retaliatory move by Berlin after its ambassador to Chad was expelled the previous week. On 8 April, Chadian government ordered German ambassador Jan-Christian Gordon Kricke out of the country for what they claimed was his “impolite attitude” and “lack of respect for diplomatic customs.” Expelling Chad’s ambassador to Germany, the Foreign Ministry said: “Ambassador Kricke exercised his office in N’Djamena in an exemplary manner and has worked for human rights and the rapid transition to a civilian government in Chad.” (“Germany expels Chad's envoy in retaliatory move,” BBC, 12 April 2023)

Ethiopia: Two civilians killed in latest clashes in Amhara

On 12 April, BBC reported that at least two civilians who had taken refuge in a displacement camp were killed during clashes in the Ethiopian city of Debrebirhan. The clashes were reported as protests against the federal government’s decision to dissolve Amhara’s regional special forces intensified. The residents of the region claim that the decision would leave them undefended against attacks. The move comes as part of the peace agreement signed by the federal government in Tigray, ending two-years of conflict. (“Civilian killings reported in Ethiopia's Amhara unrest,” BBC, 12 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: “Somalis great victims of climate change,” says UN secretary general

On 11 April, United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres arrived in Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu. Local media reported that he discussed the country’s worsening humanitarian crisis and to support its fight against extremism. He said: “Although Somalia makes virtually no contribution to climate change, the Somalis are among the greatest victims." He added: “So I call on donors, and I call on the international community to step up their support to urgently fund the 2023 humanitarian response plan, which is currently just 15% funded." The UN estimates that more than eight million people in the country are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance followed by worse famine after a five consecutive failed rainy season. (“UN chief Guterres arrives in Somali capital,” BBC, 11 April 2023; “Somalis are climate change victims - UN chief,” BBC, 11 April 2023)

Sudan: Civilian transition misses the deadline

On 11 April, BBC reported on Sudan civilian groups and the military junta missing the deadline for a civilian transition amid disagreements on security reforms and other issues. A civilian government was meant to be established on 11 April, according to the timeline set up by the parties previously. The deadline lapsed after the parties failed to sign a final transitional deal amid disagreements on integration of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) into the army. (“Sudan misses deadline to form civilian government,” BBC, 11 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Protests in Amhara amid government’s plan to dissolve the regional force

On 10 April, BBC reported on continuing protests in Ethiopia’s Amhara region for the fifth consecutive day against the government’s decision to dissolve the Amhara regional force. The previous week, the federal government announced that it wants the special forces to be integrated into the federal army or police force to protect the borders and to fight rebels. However, the protesters claimed that the decision would make them vulnerable to attacks by neighbouring regions. Later, a partial curfew was imposed in the region after the protests turned violent. On 9 April, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said that the government will go ahead with the plan even if “a price had to be paid.” (“Ethiopia's Amhara region hit by protests over move to dissolve regional forces,” BBC, 10 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Anti-government protests turns violent injuring dozens

On 7 April, BBC reported that a large number of people were injured after the security forces used tear gas to disperse the mass protests against the military rule. The protests were against the delays in signing a final agreement to re-establish civilian rule in the country. It also marked the fourth anniversary of the Sudanese uprising in 2019 that overthrew former dictator Omar al-Bashir. Hundreds of protesters blocked the roads in the capital, Khartoum; they carried placards and chanted slogans denouncing the army’s involvement in politics. (“Injuries as mass anti-junta protests dispersed in Sudan,” BBC, 7 April 2023)

Nigeria: At least 51 people killed in gunmen attack

On 7 April, BBC reported that at least 51 people were killed in a gunmen attack in the village of Umogidi in Benue State. The attack is speculated to be motivated by a herder-farmer clash that had happened before. Clashes between nomadic herders and settled farmers are common in the region. Farmers accuse herders of destroying their fields and the herders accuse farmers of raiding their cattles. (“Nigeria gunmen kill dozens in rural village in Benue State,” BBC, 7 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: Opposition demands review of the constitution

On 6 April, Kenya’s opposition Azimo coalition demanded a review of the constitution to be a part of the discussion the government had proposed to end the protests in the country. Opposition leader Raila Odinga stated that they will be demanding a review of the constitution “to remove the last vestiges of an imperial presidency.” He mentioned Kenya's “winner-take-all culture.” In February, Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua was criticised for referring to the government as a company having large stakes and others none at all. Later, he defended himself  claiming that he was referring to government appointments, which he said must be given to people who support the president's agenda. (“Kenya opposition demands review of constitution,” BBC, 6 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Government to revoke national state of disaster 

On 5 April, the South African government decided to revoke a national state of disaster that it declared in February to address the power crisis. There had been popular concern that the decision would further corruption in the state-owned power company, Eskom. It has been facing scandals and is more than USD 20 in debt. The government says that it can deal with the crisis through existing legislation. The opposition criticised the decision as an acceptance of corruption in the power sector. (“South Africa revokes state of disaster over power,” BBC, 5 April 2023)

Nigeria: China Development Bank new financier of rail project

On 5 April, Nigeria’s senate approved the China Development Bank as the new creditor for a one billion worth rail project. Another Chinese company was due to fund the line between Kaduna and Kano, but it pulled out in 2020. Funding has been a major constraint during former President Muhammadu Buhari’s term, though he prioritised upgrading the poor transport network and power supply. As president-elect Bola Tinubu takes over in May, he has to deal with a raft of challenges including double-digit inflation and widespread insecurity. (“Chinese bank approved to finance Nigeria rail project,” BBC, 5 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: EU call for a successful implementation of ceasefire in Tigray to normalise ties

On 4 April, the European Union said that the Ethiopian government will have to carry out successful efforts for the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in Tigray to normalise its relations with the country. The EU foreign policy chief, Josep Borrel said that the progress in Tigray is a rare example of good news in the world today. The EU had suspended budgetary support to Ethiopia citing human rights abuses after the conflict broke out in November 2020. Earlier this year, EU officials demanded accountability for the widespread abuses committed by the warring parties during the conflict. (“Tigray success vital to restore Ethiopia-Europe ties - EU,” BBC, 4 April 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Need for urgent humanitarian assistance in North Kivu, says Doctors without borders

On 4 April, the Doctors Without Borders stated that urgent humanitarian assistance is needed in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It said that about a million people had been forced to flee their homes in North Kivu province the previous year following the M23 rebel violence.  It added that the majority of the people are living in dire conditions and the aid workers are overwhelmed with increasing cases of measles and cholera. (“More aid urgently needed in eastern DR Congo - MSF,” BBC, 4 April 2023)

Kenya: Aiming to launch its first earth observation satellite

On 4 April, BBC reported on Kenya preparing to launch its first earth observation satellite, which it described as a landmark achievement in the country’s space sector. Nation-1 or Taifa-1 in Swahili, is scheduled to be launched next week from the Vandenberg Space Force in California. The Kenyan Space Agency and the Defence Ministry in a joint statement said that the satellite is designed to provide data for use in agriculture, food security and environmental management. The statement added that it was “fully designed and developed” by Kenyan engineers in partnership with a Bulgarian aerospace manufacturer. (“Kenya to launch its first earth observation satellite,” BBC, 4 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: Igad praises Ruto and Odinga agreeing to hold talks

On 3 April, East African bloc, Igad, praised Kenyan President Willam Ruto and opposition leader Raila Odinga for agreeing to hold talks to end the protests which have been going on for the past two weeks. Igad Executive Secretary Workneh Gebeyehu stated that the decision would help “resolve differences on national issues through peaceful means and preserve Kenya’s unity and constitutional order.” The protests were going on against rising cost of living and electoral reforms. On 2 April, Odinga called off the protests after Ruto agreed to hold talks. (“Protests: Kenyan leaders commended for agreeing to talks,” BBC, 3 April 2023)

UN human rights office “extremely worried” about UK’s Rwanda asylum plan

On 3 April, the UN human rights office said that it is “extremely worried about the impact” of the UK government’s Rwanda asylum plan. A spokesperson from the UN's human rights office said that the assessments of the refugee agency showed that the asylum plan in Rwanda was “not robust enough.” She added: "There are also concerns about respect for the right to freedom of assembly and freedom of expression in Rwanda. Those concerns do remain today; We have a lot of evidence of how these plans [off-shore asylum facilities] go wrong.” Meanwhile, UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman said that the policy would have a “significant deterrent effect” enough for people to stop crossing the dangerous channel to the UK. (“UN 'extremely worried' about Rwanda asylum plan,” BBC, 3 April 2023)

South Africa: John Steenhuisen re-elected as the leader of the Democratic Alliance

On 3 April, John Steenhuisen was re-elected as the leader of South Africa’s main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance. He secured 83 per cent of the votes against his opponent Mpho Phalatse who obtained 17 per cent of votes. Steenhuisen will be leading the party for the next three years. In his acceptance speech, he said that his party will work with other “like minded parties” ahead of the 2024 elections. (“Steenhuisen re-elected SA's main opposition leader,” BBC, 3 April 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Government workers accept 7.5 per cent pay rise

On 31 March, civil servants in South Africa accepted the government’s decision for a 7.5 per cent pay rise. The pay rise will be implemented from 1 April. The decision comes after public servants went on strike demanding a 10 per cent pay rise. The acting deputy general manager of the Public Servants Association (PSA) said: “Although it's not all that we wanted but we believe that the 7.5 per cent will make much better economic sense to our members given the hardships they find themselves in.” (“South Africa civil servants accept new pay deal,” BBC, 31 March 2023)

Tanzania: US Vice-President announces USD 560 million to boost trade

On 31 March, US Vice-President Kamala Harris, during her visit to Tanzania, lauded the country’s reforms aimed at strengthening democracy. Tanzania’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan described the visit as a milestone for the country. Harris began her visit to Africa in Ghana and will conclude in Zambia. She announced USD 560 million to Tanzania, supporting boosting trade and strengthening democracy. She described the visit as a meaningful step that helped to expand the partnership between the two countries. (“US vice-president lauds Tanzania democracy reforms,” BBC, 31 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Prosecutors to drop charges against the TPLF leaders

On 30 March, prosecutors in Ethiopia said that they are dropping criminal charges against senior civil and military leaders of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). The same day, the Ministry of Justice stated stated that conflict-related cases would be seen “in the context of transitional justice.'' This is the latest development after the federal government signed a peace agreement in Tigary in November 2022, ending the two-year conflict. (“Ethiopia prosecutors drop charges against TPLF leaders,” BBC, 30 March 2023)

Senegal: Opposition leader found guilty of libel

On 30 March, leading Senegal’s opposition leader, Ousmane Sonko, was found guilty of Libel charges and was sentenced to jail for two months. He was accused of Libel after charging the country's Tourism Minister Mame Mbaye Niang of embezzlement. Sonko’s supporters fear that the sentence would prevent him from running for the presidential elections next year. Protests were marked across the capital, Dakar, ahead of the trial. (“Senegal opposition leader found guilty of libel,” BBC, 30 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: US urges to refrain from violence during the protests

On 29 March, the US urged all political sides  and security forces in Kenya to refrain from violence during the protests. Deputy spokesperson for the US Department of State Vendant Patel said: “We encourage political leaders, protesters and all parties to refrain from violence and rhetoric that could incite violence; We call on government security forces to act with restraint while protecting public safety and property." The protests led by opposition leader Raila Odinga against rising cost of living, turned violent leading to the death of at least three people across the country. (“US urges restraint over Kenya protests,” BBC, 29 March 2023)

Lesotho: MP’s to debate on reclaiming parts of South Africa

On 29 March, Lesotho’s parliament is expected to discuss the motion to reclaim parts of South Africa. According to parliament’s order paper, an opposition MP wants the law makers to “declare the whole of the Free State, parts of the Northern Cape, parts of the Eastern Cape, parts of Mpumalanga and parts of KwaZulu-Natal as part of Lesotho's territory." (“Lesotho MPs to debate territorial claim to parts of SA,” BBC, 29 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ghana: Anti-gay bill modified, says president

On 28 March, Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo said that the anti-gay bill has been “modified” following his government’s intervention. He was speaking at a joint news conference with the visiting US Vice-President Kamala Harris. He said: “My understanding … is that substantial elements of the bill have already been modified as a result of the intervention of the attorney general.” Harris commented that she had addressed the issue with President Akufo-Addo and that the US considers the issue as a matter of human rights. (“Ghana's anti-gay bill modified, president says,” BBC, 28 March 2023)

Kenya: AU calls for calm after the protests turned violent 

On 28 March, the African Union appealed for calm and called for dialogue in Kenya after the two-week long protests turned violent and left three people dead. AU Chairperson Maoussa Faki urged: "Stakeholders to exercise calm and engage in dialogue to address any differences.” He stated: "The Chairperson reiterates the total solidarity with and support to the government and the people of Kenya's efforts working towards national unity, peace and stability in the country.” The protests have been led by the opposition leader Raila Odinga against rising cost of living and what the opposition describe as “illegitimate presidency”. (“African Union appeals for calm after Kenya protests,” BBC, 28 March 2023)

Ethiopia: Peace deal in Tigray a “positive step”, says prime minister

On 28 March, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed called the peace deal signed between the Tigray rebels and the government as “a positive step” and said that his government would also sit with other armed groups to resolve tensions. He was addressing the members of the parliament after a number of them raised concerns about growing tensions in other parts of the country. Abiy responded that “a lot more” is to be done to achieve complete peace in the country’s north. “It takes time to heal; Peace, much like war, needs bravery.” (“Abiy hails peace deal, to talk to other armed groups,” BBC, 28 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Begins talks to merge army factions 

On 27 March, military and civilian political leaders began talks to bring the government-backed militia, the RSF, under the authority of the army. The talks were part of the agreement signed in December agreeing  for a return of civilian democratic rule. Military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who seized power through a coup said that he wanted to end the armed forces supporting dictatorial governments in Sudan. (“Sudan begins talks to bring army factions together,” BBC, 27 March 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: 17 people executed by the Codeco militia

On 27 March, at least 17 people who were captured by the Codeco militia group were executed in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. UN-sponsored Radio Okapi reported that the victims were travellers heading to Mungwalu, in Ituri province. They were abducted after three members of the militia group were killed in a clash with a rival group. The authorities have not yet commented on the attack. (“Militia execute 17 hostages in DR Congo hotspot,” BBC, 27 March 2023)

Kenya: One protester killed in clashes with security forces

On 27 March, one of the protesters was shot dead in Kenya’s western city of Kisumu after the protests turned violent. Clashes were also reported between the protesters and the police in informal settlements in Nairobi. Deployment of security forces to quell the protests has inflamed the tensions. The protests have been going on under the leadership of Raila Odinga against the rising cost of living and what the opposition mention as ‘illegal presidency’. (“One shot dead during Kenyan protests,” BBC, 27 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: At least 14 people killed in jihadist attack

On 24 March, security officials in Burkina Faso said that jihadist insurgents killed nearly 14 people, including four soldiers, near the northern city of Kaya. The attack happened on the same day interim leader Captain Ibrahim Traore visited the region. The jihadists targeted a unit of soldiers and defence volunteers who were tasked with repairing the water supply in the town of Zorkoum. (“Burkinabe militants kill 14 in attack in north,” BBC, 24 March 2023)

South Africa: Opposition vows to protect Putin from ICC arrest

On 24 March, South Africa’s opposition minority party, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) said that  Russian President Vladimir Putin is welcome to visit Pretoria despite the arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court. EFF leader Julius Malema said that Putin will not be arrested while in South Africa, a country where Russia “played a huge role to support the struggle for freedom.” He stated: “Putin is welcomed here. No one is going to arrest Putin. If need be, we will go and fetch Putin from the airport to his meetings. He will address, finish all his meetings, and we will take him back to the airport.” He added: “we know our friends. We know the people who liberated us. We know the people who supported us.” (“SA opposition vows to 'protect' Putin from ICC arrest,” BBC, 24 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Government to discuss arrest warrant on Putin ahead of Brics conference

On 23 March, South Africa’s Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor said that the government will have to discuss the arrest warrant on Russian President Vladimir Putin issued by the International Criminal court (ICC) before considering any action. Putin is scheduled to travel to South Africa in August as part of the Brics meeting. Pandor stated: “South Africa will have to look at existing provisions of our legislation. We also will have to have a discussion as cabinet, as well as with our colleagues in Russia, and really determine the way forward.” (“SA to consult Russia over Putin's arrest warrant,” BBC, 23 March 2023)

Uganda: US and EU raise concern on the bill against homosexuals

On 23 March, the US warned Uganda of possible economic “repercussions” over the new bill to crack down on homosexual activities. US National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said: “We would have to take a look at whether or not there might be repercussions that we would have to take, perhaps in an economic way, should this law actually get passed and enacted.” The European Union has also raised concern about the bill. It said: “The European Union will continue engaging with the Ugandan authorities and civil society to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation and gender identity, are treated equally, with dignity and respect.” (“US should respect Ugandan sovereignty over anti-gay bill,” BBC, 23 March 2023)

Ethiopia: PM appoints TPLF spokesperson as interim president in Tigray

On 23 March, Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed appointed Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) spokesperson Getachew Reda as the president of the newly established interim administration in Tigray. The decision is a significant part of the implementation of the peace deal signed between TPLF and the federal government. The interim regional administration will be in place until elections are held under the supervision of the electoral commission. (“Ethiopia PM appoints TPLF spokesman as Tigray president,” BBC, 23 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: TPLF removed from the terror list

On 22 March, the Ethiopian Parliament voted to remove Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) from the country's terror blacklist. The decision comes four months after the group signed a ceasefire agreement with the federal government ending the two years of conflict. (“Ethiopia removes ‘terrorist’ tag from Tigray regional party,” Al Jazeera, 22 March 2023)

Somalia: Water crisis “far from over,” says Unicef

On 22 March, Unicef told BBC’s Newsday radio programme that Somalia’s water crisis is “far from over” and more than thousand people are in dire condition due to the severe drought. A recent joint report by the Somali government and the UN found that nearly 43,000 people in the country died from the drought in 2022, among which half were children under the age of five. The report said that from January to June this year a further 25,000 people could die. (“Somalia water crisis 'far from over' - Unicef, BBC, 22 March 2023)

Tunisia: US says IMF deal critical

On 22 March, the US said that it is significant for Tunisia to reach a deal with the IMF amid a worsening economic crisis. US Secretary of State Antony Bliken said: “The most critical thing they can do on the economic side is actually get an IMF agreement.” He added: “We would strongly encourage them to do that because the economy risks falling off the deep end.” The IMF guaranteed a USD two billion loan for Tunisia upon the demand for political reforms in the country. (“Tunisia IMF deal 'critical' US says - AFP,” BBC, 22 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Nearly 43,000 died in the drought, says a joint report

On 21 March, a joint report by the Somali government and the United Nations said that at least 43,000 people were killed in the country amid the devastating drought, among which half are below the age five. The reports mentioned that the crisis is "far from over," and that 18,000-34,000 more deaths are expected in the first quarter of this year. World Health Organization (WHO) representative Dr Mamunur Rahman Malik said: "We are racing against time to prevent deaths and save lives that are available." The UN says it needs nearly USD 2.6 billion this year for the Somalia drought response. Five consecutive failed rainy seasons have caused the disaster. (“Somalia drought may have killed 43,000 last year - UN,” BBC, 21 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Protests calling for resignation of Ramaphosa

On 20 March, South African police said that at least 87 people were arrested nationwide following the opposition's protests. The opposition minority party, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), called for a national shutdown demanding the resignation of President Cyril Ramaphosa, accusing him of corruption and ending the energy crisis in the country. Meanwhile, Ramaphosa warned the protesters against damaging properties or harming other people. He told the protesters that their right to protest does "not give anyone the right to harass, intimidate or threaten anyone else." More than 3,000 soldiers were deployed across the country to safeguard key infrastructure. (“Dozens arrested in South Africa protests,” BBC, 20 March 2023)

Kenya: Opposition protests calling the illegitimate government

On 20 March, Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga held countrywide protests against President William Ruto and his government. The demonstrations were against the high cost of living and what the opposition calls an "illegitimate government". The police fired tear gas against the protesters to block them from marching toward the city centre. One protester was shot dead after the demonstrations turned violent in the capital, Nairobi. (“One person shot in Kenya protests,” BBC, 20 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Junta decides to popularise draft constitution before a referendum

On 17 March, BBC reported on a private media in Mali, Maliweb, which said that the interim President Assimi Goita has called on the National Transitional Council (CNT) to take ownership of the new draft constitution and popularise the same ahead of the referendum. Additionally, the report said that the military leader is planning to present the draft constitution to political groups and civil society organisations on 20 March. This comes after the junta announced an indefinite postponement of the referendum for adoption of the constitution scheduled on 19 March. (“Mali to give hard sell on new draft constitution,” BBC, 17 March 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: At least 68 people killed in series of rebel attacks

On 17 March, BBC reported that at least17 people were killed in a militant attack in eastern Democratic Republic Congo. The Allied Democratic Forces, an active rebel group in the region who are said to have links to the Islamic State, is suspected behind the attack. The attack comes after at least 45 being killed previously by the same rebels on 15 March. Despite the presence of multiple regional and international forces, M23 and ADF rebels' campaigns continue to exacerbate in the country. (“Thousands flee from Islamist rebels in DR Congo,” BBC, 17 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Malawi: More than 200 people killed in tropical storm Freddy

On 16 March, Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera declared a “national tragedy” after more than 200 people died in tropical storm, Freddy. Chakwera promised to intensify rescue operations, as he attended funerals of the victims. The government had set up 30 emergency camps for at least 20,000 people who were forced to leave their homes. Health Minister Khumbize Chiponda described the situation as “very Fragile.” She stated: “We have a history of getting cyclones. Unfortunately for Freddy, it was totally different, totally unexpected.” (“Deadly floods a national tragedy - Malawi leader,” BBC, 16 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: US Secretary of State's visit to Ethiopia and Niger

On 15 March, the US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, during his visit to Ethiopia, highlighted the importance of implementation of the peace agreement between the federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). He said that there needs to be accountability on atrocities committed by warring parties during the conflict. Meanwhile, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said that the two leaders discussed strengthening relations which hardened during the conflict. On 16 March, Blinken visited Niger and met with former jihadists who were rehabilitated through a vocational training programme by the US. He called the country a model for the region, which has seen an increasing threat of Islamist militancy. It is the first ever visit by a US Secretary of State to Niger. (“Blinken due to meet Ethiopia political leaders,” BBC, 15 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Protesters march towards the republican palace demanding civilian transition

On 14 March, hundreds of people protested in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, marching towards the republican palace. The police fired tear gas to crack down the protest. The protesters carried banners with names of those who were killed during the protests which have been going on since the military takeover in 2021. The protests demanding a civilian transition have been led by doctors, journalists, lawyers, teachers and engineers. The latest protests came under the slogan of “the revolution is a union and a neighbourhood committee.” (“Protesters pushed back from Sudan's presidential palace,” BBC, 14 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: 30 migrants feared dead after boat capsized near the Libyan coast

On 13 March, BBC reported that more than 30 people are feared dead after a boat carrying migrants capsized near the coast of Libya. Alarm Phone, a humanitarian group said that it had alerted the authorities in Libya, Italy, and Malta, however, the countries refused to take essential action. The Italian coastguard claimed that the boat was in Libya’s coast and the zone was difficult to reach because of bad weather. The Libyan authorities justified that they had no available boats to send. (“Dozens of migrants feared dead off Libya's coast,” BBC, 13 March 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Somali regional state denies allegations of supporting Somaliland

On 10 March, Ethiopia’s Somali regional state denied the allegations of supporting the self-declared Somaliland by sending regional troops in the restive Las Anod region. State owned Somali Regional TV (SRTV) quoted the regional government: “We are telling the Somaliland administration that there are no DDS (Ethiopia’s Somali regional state) troops who are part of the violence in Las Anod.” The regional government denounced the allegations as “reckless” adding that Somaliland was “seeking to reduce political pressure by pointing fingers at non-existing enemies.” The officials also warned the Somaliland authorities on the comment that it could create hostilities between respective communities. (“Ethiopia region denies supporting Somalia clashes,” BBC, 10 March 2023) 

Mali: Military junta postpones referendum

On 10 March, BBC reported that Mali’s military junta postponed the constitutional referendum which was supposed to be a significant development to the planned civilian transition. In July 2022, ECOWAS lifted sanctions on Mali after the military promised to hold elections in February 2024. However, the new decision has made correspondents to comment not surprising and will substantiate the suspicion of Colonel Assimi Goita wanting to prolong in power. (“Mali's military to postpone key referendum,” BBC, 10 March 2023)

Nigeria: At least 25 people killed in Islamist militant attack

On 10 March, BBC reported that at least 25 people were killed in an Islamist militant attack in the north-eastern Borno state. The attack is suspected to be carried out by Islamic State West Africa Province (Iswap) militants. The UN has condemned the attack; UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Matthias Schmale stated: “This deeply shocking attack is another horrific reminder of the real threats of violence and insecurity that IDPs and other people affected by more than 13 years of the non-international armed conflict in the region continue to face daily in their struggle to survive.” (“At least 25 killed in Nigeria jihadist attack; UN condemns suspected Islamist attack in Nigeria,” BBC, 10 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: Currency crisis beyond governments control, says trade minister

On 9 March, Kenya's trade minister said that currency shortage in the country is beyond governments' control. He called for incentives that would encourage local manufacturers to protect them from foreign competitors. A local media outlet reported that the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) has directed commercial banks to ration dollars following the shortage of currency. Economists say that tough rules in the interbank currency market by the regulator is behind the crisis. In 2022, Kenyan currency lost nine per cent against the dollar. (“Kenya's dollar shortage out of our control - minister,” BBC, 9 March 2023)

Mauritania: German firms signs MoU for green energy project

On 9 March, a German firm said that it signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a USD 34 billion worth green energy project in Mauritania. The project is expected to produce up to eight million tons of hydrogen-based products annually in Mauritania. Egyptian and Emirati companies are also part of the project. The first phase of the project is due to be finished in Five years. (“German firm signs $34bn Mauritania green energy deal,” BBC, 9 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar

Somalia: 13 men executed in semi-autonomous Puntland

On 8 March, BBC reported that 13 men were executed in Somalia’s semi-autonomous Puntland region. Nine of them belonged to Islamist militant groups Al-Shabab and Islamic State; six were former soldiers accused of murder. Meanwhile, human rights groups say the number of executions have significantly increased in Somalia. (“Soldiers and militants executed in Somali region,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

South Africa: GDP decline by 1.3 per cent

On 8 March, BBC reported that South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product decreased by 1.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2022. Analysts say that the decline is far more than expected and blamed the energy crisis affecting productivity. Businesses were paralysed by power disruption leaving an increase in production cost as they had to depend on contingency power. Though the South African economy grew by two percent in 2022, it is far behind the six per cent target. (“South Africa's economy shrinks by more than expected,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

Nigeria: INEC postpones local assembly elections

On 8 March, Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission (INEC) postponed elections for state governors and local assemblies for a week. The elections will be held on 18 March. This comes after the opposition challenged the presidential elections held last month alleging irregularities with the electronic voting system. The electoral commission said the legal challenge held up preparations and the machines would not be ready in time. (“Nigeria postpones election of state governors,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

Africa: Cyclone Freddy; death toll reaches 21

On 8 March, BBC reported that at least 21 people were killed following the cyclone Freddy in Indian Ocean island, Madagascar and Mozambique. The storm has become the long-lasting one on record, reaching 32 days. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) described the cyclone as meteorologically “remarkable”. According to the UN, more than 160,000 people have been affected by the storm. (“Cyclone Freddy: Rare and deadly storm to hit Mozambique again,” BBC, 8 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Apoorva Sudhakar

Tunisia: President dismisses accusations of racism

On 5 March, President Kais Saied, while denying allegations of racism, warned perpetrators of racial attacks of legal actions. Saied claimed that those carrying out the racism campaign are known sources. Reiterating that Tunisia was an African country, Saied said: “Africans are our brothers.” The development comes after Saied accused African migrants of attempting to alter Tunisia’s demography. (“Tunisia leader warns against racial attacks amid row,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Sudan: SPLM-IO calls for reinstatement of defence minister

On 6 March, BBC reported Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) was calling on President Salva Kiir to reinstate Defense Minister Angelina Teny after she was removed from her post on 3 March, along with the Interior Minister. The SPLM-IO termed the removal of Teny a violation of the peace agreement. The presidential decree provided no explanation behind the move. Kiir also moved the Defence Ministry to his party Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Interior Ministry to the SPLM-IO. The SPLM-IO said that swapping the ministries was also a violation of the agreement. (Nichola Mandil, “South Sudan opposition wants sacked minister reinstated,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Central African Republic: West has kept the country unstable, claims president

On 5 March, President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, while addressing the UN Least Developed Countries (LDCs) conference, accused the West of keeping the Central African Republic politically unstable. Touadéra said that since independence, CAR has been witnessing “systematic looting facilitated by the political instability maintained by certain Western countries or their companies which finance armed terrorist groups whose main leaders are foreign mercenaries.” Touadéra termed CAR a “victim of geostrategic aims linked to its natural resources” and said “foreign interference” had fuelled “dependence, insecurity and instability” in CAR and several other countries. (“The West keeps Central African Republic unstable - president,” BBC, 6 March 2023)

Burkina Faso: North and Centre east placed under curfew to fight terrorism 

On 5 March, AFP reported that the North and Centre East parts had been placed under curfew until 31 March to fight jihadists. The news report quoted a note from the secretary general of the governorate for the North: “In the framework of the fight against terrorism, a curfew is established from 22:00 to 05:00 across all the regional territory from Friday March 3 to Friday 31 March. According to the official, the curfew would be useful to the army deployed near the border with Mali. Previously, the Koulpelogo province was also placed under curfew, keeping in line with an administrative communiqué from the high commission in Ghana and Togo. (“Burkina Faso imposes curfews to help 'fight against terrorism',” News24, 6 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

US begins annual counter-terrorism training for African soldiers

On 1 March, the US commenced its annual counter-terrorism training, Flintlock, for soldiers across Africa in Ghana. In the programme aimed to improve border defences against Islamist insurgency, American and European trainers prepare soldiers on first aid and firing drills. The US Africa Command said: “Flintlock intends to strengthen the ability of key partner nations in the region to counter violent extremist organizations, collaborate across borders, and provide security for their people.” (“U.S. Special Forces launch counter-terrorism drills with African armies,” Reuters, 3 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Ruling party wins the election, Bola Tinubu announced as new President

On 2 March, ruling party All Progressive Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won Nigeria’s presidential elections by securing 37 per cent of votes. After being announced the winner, he said in a televised speech: “I take this opportunity to appeal to my fellow contestants to let us team up together. It is the only nation we have. It is one country and we must build it together.” Meanwhile, Peter Obi, opposition candidate belonging to the Labour party criticised the election results claiming that voters were robbed at the polling station and pledged to legally challenge the results. He said at a news conference: “We won the election and we will prove it to Nigerians.” The head of the African Union Commission,  Moussa Fakki congratulated Tinubu urging all parties to "uphold peace and the rule of law." Further he added: "any post-election dispute or grievance (should) be pursued through the judicial system, as provided for by the law." Following the announcement of the results, the US State Department stated: “This competitive election represents a new period for Nigerian politics and democracy.” The UK Prime Minister congratulated the new President Bola Tinubu saying: “I look forward to working together to grow our security and trade ties, opening up opportunities for businesses and creating prosperity in both our countries.” (“Rishi Sunak congratulates Tinubu on election win,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “US congratulates Nigeria president-elect, urges calm,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “Bola Tinubu wins Nigeria's presidential election against Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

South Africa: The US downplays joint military exercise with Russia and China

On 2 March, the US commander in Africa, General Michael Langley downplayed the recent joint military exercise by South Africa along with Russia and China in the Indian Ocean. He said that the US offered better security partnerships to African countries however, would not force them to pick partners to cooperate militarily with. He described the joint naval exercise as power projection by Russia and China. Additionally, he warned of the growing presence of the Russian Wagner Group in west African countries, saying that they are destabilising entities. (“US downplays SA-China-Russia military exercise,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

Uganda: President defends decision to terminate UN’s OHCHR operations

On 2 March, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni defended his government’s decision to terminate the operations of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the country. Responding to a journalist who questioned the decision, he said: “This is because we have Ugandan Human Rights Commission which is mandated by the constitution. So having others which are not part of our constitution system is first of all unnecessary, but also diversionary.” He added: “They [OCHR] don't have the powers of enforcement.'' This comes after the Ugandan government announced that it would not renew the mandate of the OHCHR on 3 February. (“Ugandan leader defends move to shut UN rights office,” BBC, 2 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Al-Shabab’s attack and army’s counter operations 

On 1 March, the state-run news agency said that at least 10 Al-Shabab militants were killed in a security operation. On 22 February, BBC reported that at least 10 people were killed in an attack in Somali’s capital Mogadishu. The authorities said that Al-Shabab is responsible for the siege at the building occupied by pro-government militia. Security forces said that they have killed four members of the Al-Shabab group. Despite significant gains by Somalia’s military backed by the African Union and the US forces, the militant group continues to carry out frequent attacks. (“Al-Shabab commanders killed in Somalia operation,” BBC, 1 March 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: France unveils new Africa strategy

On 28 February, the French President, Emmanuel Macron unveiled France’s new Africa strategy which is to reduce its troop presence in the continent. Macron described French military bases in Africa as a heritage from the past and that France should not be a scapegoat for failures in the fight against insurgency in the Sahel. This comes a week after Russia promised to increase its military support to west African countries alongside the controversy over the presence of Russian Wagner Group in Mali. Meanwhile, Macron described the group as the life insurance of failing regimes in the region. (“France to reduce troops in Africa in new strategy,” BBC, 28 February 2023)

Nigeria: Oppositions protest against the INEC and irregularities in the election results

On 28 February, members of Nigeria’s major opposition parties walked out of the National Collation Center protesting against the irregularities in the results announced. The main oppositions People’s Democratic Party and Labour party, alleged that there were instances of over-voting and disparities in the results. Meanwhile, protests broke out in major towns denouncing the Independent National Election Commission (INEC), accusing the body of running non-transparent elections and demanding a rerun. (“Demonstrators out in support of electoral commission,” BBC, 28 February 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: Macron to announce new Africa strategy ahead of visit

On 27 February, BBC reported that French President Emmanuael Macron is expected to outline the new Africa policy ahead of his four-nation visit to the continent. He will be visiting Gabon, Angola, Congo-Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of Congo this week. The visit comes alongside the increasing Russian and Chinese footprints in the continent alongside probing anti-French sentiments in the west African countries. (“Macron seeks strategy shift in Africa visit,” BBC, 27 February 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 seizes more territory 

On 27 February, BBC reported that the M23 rebels had seized more territory in Mushaki and Ryaya areas of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo.  The Congolese army has not yet commented on the reports of capture. The areas are said to have large deposits of coltan, manganese, tantalum and other minerals. According to the new timelines by East Africa defence chiefs, the rebels were supposed to withdraw on 28 February from territories they had seized. (“Rebels seize more ground as DR Congo fighting rages, BBC, 27 February 2023)