Analysis
September 2023 | CWA # 1064
NIAS Africa Team
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Anu Maria Joseph
September 2023 | CWA # 1057
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Sneha Surendran
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Anu Maria Joseph
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Devjyoti Saha
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Anu Maria Joseph
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Nireekshan Bollimpalli
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Mohamad Aseel Ummer
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S Shaji
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Apoorva Sudhakar
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Harshita Rathore
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Apoorva Sudhakar
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Abigail Miriam Fernandez
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Apoorva Sudhakar
Daily Briefs
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Africa’s first climate summit
On 4 September, the first three-day African Climate Summit began in the Kenyan capital Nairobi. The summit aims to bring together African leaders to create a shared vision of green development and get ready for the COP28 meeting. Climate financing is one of the major agenda of the summit. The UAE has pledged USD 4.5 billion clean energy investment in the continent; UK is planning to invest EUR 49 million in managing impact of climate change and on climate action. Addressing the member countries, Kenyan President William Ruto stated: “Africa holds the key to accelerating decarbonisation of the global economy. We are not just a continent rich in resources. We are a powerhouse of untapped potential, eager to engage and fairly compete in the global markets.” Meanwhile, a coalition of civil society groups urged Ruto to circumvent Western led agenda that focus on carbon markets and other financial tools to redress the climate crisis. (“Billions pledged for green energy as Africa climate talks enter second day,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)
Burkina Faso: 53 soldiers killed in rebel attack
On 5 September, Al Jazeera reported that at least 53 security forces of Burkina Faso were killed during a clash with rebel fighters. The clashes occurred in the Koumbri village of the Tatenga province on 4 September. The Brukinabe army stated: “This act of extreme cowardice will not go unpunished. Every effort is being made to disable the remaining terrorist elements on the run.” It is unclear which group carried out the attack. However, militants linked to Islamic State and al-Qaeda have been carrying out frequent attacks in the country. According to the Al Jazeera report, the insurgency has killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. (“At least 53 Burkina Faso soldiers, volunteers killed in clashes with rebels,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)
Eswatini: Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen’s visit
On 5 September, Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen began her visit to Eswatini, Taipei’s last African ally. Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is the last monarch in Africa. Eswatini’s Prime Minister Cleopas Sipho Dlamini welcomed Tsai while they marked 55 years of bilateral relations. Since 2016, China has been pressuring countries that have bilateral relationships with Taiwan to switch their recognition to China. Taiwan had diplomatic losses with nine countries owing to Chinese efforts. (“Taiwan’s President Tsai begins visit to Eswatini, last ally in Africa,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Gabon: Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema sworn in as the head of the state
On 4 September, Gabon’s coup leader General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema was sworn in as the head of the state. Addressing his new position, Oligui said that the military has seized power peacefully and will return it to the people through free, transparent and credible elections. He stated: “With the new government, made up of experienced people, we’re going to give everyone a chance to hope.” However, there is a popular rhetoric raising that Oligui belongs to the same Bongo family and the coup is merely a “place revolution,” replacing one Bongo with another. (“Gabon coup leader Nguema sworn in as transitional head of state,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)
South Africa: No evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry, says President Ramaphosa
On 4 September, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that there is no clear evidence for the claims on South Africa supplying weapons to Russia. The announcement came following the US ambassador to South Africa, Reuben Brigety claimed that the Russian ship Lady R was seen loading arms and ammunition from the naval base in Cape Town in December 2022. An independent inquiry by the South African government found that the Russian ship delivered armaments ordered by the National Defence Force in 2018. Ramaphosa stated: “When all matters are considered, none of the allegations made about the supply of weapons to Russia have been proven to be true; None of the persons who made these allegations could provide any evidence to support the claims that had been levelled against our country.” (“South Africa says no evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)
Sudan: 20 people killed in SAF air strike
On 4 September, at least 20 people were killed in an army air strike in Sudanese capital Khartoum. The attack happened in the alakla al-Qubba neighbourhood of south-west Khartoum. Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been fighting since April. According to the UN, more than thousands have been killed and nearly 2.3 million have been displaced; more than half a million have taken shelter in neighbouring countries of Chad and South Sudan. Currently, RSF controls large swathes of Khartoum and its twin cities of Omdurman and Bahri. SAF has been carrying out frequent artillery and air attack to dislodge RSF. Clashes have additionally spread to western Darfur region which has been grappling with decades of ethnic violence. (“Sudan conflict: Air strike on Khartoum kills at least 20,” BBC, 4 September 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Eritrea: Hundreds injured in a clash between rival Eritrean groups in Israel
On 2 September Al Jazeera reported that more than 100 people were injured in Israel’s city of Tel Aviv during a clash between a rival group of protesters from Eritrea. The clashes erupted between the anti-government and pro-government factions of Eritrean asylum seekers. Israeli police fired warning shots in the air to disperse the protesters; at least 39 suspects who assaulted police were arrested. Meanwhile, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated: “We want harsh measures against the rioters, including the immediate deportation of those who took part.” President Isaias Afwerki has ruled Eritrea since 1991 and the country never had elections. Political parties are banned and freedom of expression and the press are restricted in the country. Nearly 20,000 Eritreans are residing in Israel. (“Dozens of people injured in clashes between rival Eritrean groups in Israel,” Al Jazeera, 2 September 2023)
Niger: Military against France backing Prasident Bazoum
On 1 September, Niger’s military leaders accused France of interfering in the country’s internal matters. They accused French President Emmanuel Macron of “perpetuating a neocolonial operation against the Nigerien people.” Colonel Amadou Abdramane stated that Macron’s comments “constitute further blatant interference in Niger’s domestic affairs.” The development comes after Macron backed ECOWAS’ threat of military action against the coup by stating the he “supports [ECOWAS’s] diplomatic action and, when it so decides, [its] military action.” (“Niger’s military government slams Macron for backing President Bazoum,” Al Jazeera, 1 September 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: Russia vetoes at UNSC on the proposal to extend sanctions and monitoring
On 31 August, Russia vetoed the presence of a UN experts team in Mali who had accused foreign fighters in Mali, referring to Russia's Wagner group’s involvement in widespread atrocities in the country. Thirteen of UNSC’s 15 members backed the proposal to extend sanctions and continued presence of UN experts. Meanwhile, China abstained from voting. Russia’s UN ambassador Vassily Nebenzia stated: “It is fundamentally important that UN Security Council sanctions deal purely with that issue and not be used as a means of foreign influence on Mali, and that is something that the panel of experts of the Security Council has been involved in.” (“Russia vetoes UN resolution to extend sanctions, monitoring in Mali,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)
Gabon: AU suspension following the coup
On 31 August, the African Union suspended Gabon following the military coup on 30 August. AU’S Peace and Security Council stated: “Strongly condemns the military takeover of power in the Republic of Gabon” and has decided “to immediately suspend the participation of Gabon in all activities of the AU, its organs and institutions.” (“African Union suspends Gabon’s membership after military coup,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)
Niger: Expels French ambassador
On 31 August, the military leaders in Niger ordered the expulsion of France’s ambassador to the country. The visas of French Ambassador Sylvain Itte and his family have been cancelled; the police have been ordered to expel the envoy. The expulsion order comes following the military leaders calling France’s actions “contrary to the interests of Niger.” (“Niger’s military rulers order police to expel French ambassador,” Al Jazeera, 31 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Anu Maria Joseph
Gabon: Military announce coup
On 30 August, Gabon’s senior military officials through national media, Gabon24, announced a coup citing improper elections. The officers stated: “Today the country is undergoing a severe institutional, political, economic, and social crisis; In the name of the Gabonese people … we have decided to defend the peace by putting an end to the current regime.” The coup announcement came hours after incumbent President Ali Bongo was declared the winner of presidential elections held on 26 August. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres condemned the coup stating: “Firmly condemns the ongoing coup attempt as a means to resolve the post-electoral crisis.” The US stated: “It’s deeply concerning to us … we will remain a supporter of people in the region and supporter of the people in Gabon.” (“Gabon President Bongo detained in coup attempt after winning third term,” Al Jazeera, 30 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Democratic Republic of Congo: CODECO attack kills 14 civilians
On 29 August, Al Jazeera reported that the Cooperative Development of Congo (CODECO), an armed rebel group active in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri, killed 14 civilians and one Congolese soldier. The attack happened in the village of Gobu on 27 August. Four attackers were killed in the fighting. CODECO, a militia led by the ethnic Lendu community, has been fighting with the Zaire, a militia group of ethnic Hema community, since 2017. According to the African Centre for the Study and Research on Terrorism, nearly 1,800 people were killed in various CODECO attacks until 2022. More than 120 rebel militias are fighting in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo for land and resources. (“Fourteen dead after militiamen attack village in northeast DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 29 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Niger: French ambassador to stay, despite ultimatum
On 28 August, French President Emmanuel Macron said that its ambassador to Niger will continue to stay in the country. The development comes after Niger’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs issued an ultimatum for France’s ambassador to Niger, Sylvain Itte, to leave the country, claiming that Itte refused to meet the new regime citing France’s actions that were “contrary to the interests of Niger.” Macron stated: “I think our policy is the right one. It’s based on the courage of President Bazoum, and on the commitments of our ambassador on the ground who is remaining despite all the pressure, despite all the declarations made by the illegitimate authorities.” Macron added that France would support any military action by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) against the coup leaders. (“Niger coup: France defies ultimatum for ambassador to leave Niamey,” BBC, 28 August 2023)
Zimbabwe: Emmerson Mnangagwa wins presidential elections
On 28 August, Al Jazeera reported that Zimbabwe's President and leader of the Zanu-PF party, Emmerson Mnangagwa, won the presidential elections securing 52.6 per cent of votes against opposition party Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) leader, Nelson Chamisa, who secured 44 per cent. This would be Mnangagwa's second and final term in office. The opposition has rejected the results and called for a re-run. The elections were hampered by delays, which fueled opposition claims of bribery and voter suppression. International election monitors have commented that the polls failed to meet regional and international standards. The European Union Election Observation Mission (EU EOM) said that the elections curtailed "fundamental freedoms" adding that “acts of violence and intimidation” have caused a “climate of fear." More than 40 election monitors were arrested while trying to compare the official poll count. On 28 August, UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, called on the "political actors to peacefully settle any disputes through established legal and institutional channels" and urged "the competent authorities to resolve any disputes in a fair, expeditious, and transparent manner." (“Zimbabwe’s President Mnangagwa wins second term, opposition rejects result,” Al Jazeera, 28 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Libya: LNA’s air strikes on FACT base
On 25 August, Al Jazeera reported on the Libyan National Army (LNA) launching air strikes on “foreign armed groups” near the Chad border. LNA, led by Khalifa Haftar, carried out the attacks against Libya-based Front for Change and Concord (FACT), a rebel group, in the outpost of Umm al-Araneb in Murzuq district. The FACT fighters had taken over more than 2,000 houses under construction in the region. LNA spokesperson Ahmad Mismari stated that LNA would “no longer allow armed groups or factions to use Libyan territory to launch attacks against neighbouring countries.” Libya has been going through civil unrest since 2011 after the death of Muhammad Gaddafi. Rival leaders, Abdulhamid Dbeibah who leads the UN-backed Tripoli-based administration and former interior minister Fathi Bashagha supported by military leader Khalifa Haftar, have been forging alliances with multiple rebel factions in the neighbouring countries including Chad and Sudan. (“Libya’s LNA launches operations against Chad rebels along border,” Al Jazeera, 25 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: BRICS expansion, Egypt and Ethiopia to join the bloc
On 24 August, on the final day of the BRICS summit South African President Cyril Ramaphosa announced that the bloc had invited six countries to join as new members. The new members include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Argentina, Ethiopia, UAE and Egypt. Ramaphosa commented that the group considers itself as a counterweight to Western powers. Chinese President Xi Jinping stated: “The expansion is also a new starting point for BRICS cooperation. It will bring new vigour to the BRICS cooperation mechanism and further strengthen the force for world peace and development.” A senior adviser to Iran’s president, Mohammad Jamshidi, stated: “Permanent membership in the group of global emerging economies is considered a historic development and a strategic success for the foreign policy of the Islamic republic.” Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated: ““Ethiopia stands ready to cooperate with all for an inclusive and prosperous global order.” (“Saudi Arabia, Iran among six nations invited to join BRICS,” Al Jazeera, 24 August 2023)
Mozambique: Jihadist leaders killed in joint operation
On 24 August, BBC reported that two jihadist leaders have been killed in a joint operation with regional forces in the province of Cabo Delgado in Mozambique. The Mozambique army stated that one of them was Abu Kital who "held the position of deputy commander of the operations of the group Ahlu-Sunnah wal Jama`a (ASWJ)." The regional force consisting of Mozambique and Rwanda forces along the Sadc regional bloc’s forces together carried out the operation. The Cabo Delgado region has been fighting Islamist insurgency since 2017. More than a million people have been displaced and 4,000 others were killed in the region over the period. (“Two jihadist commanders killed in Mozambique - army,” BBC, 24 August 2023)
Zimbabwe: Conducts general elections
On 23 August, Zimbabwe began its election for councillors, members of parliament and a president. 11 candidates are running for the presidential seat. More than six million people are expected to cast their votes. However, the contest is between two popular candidates- incumbent Emmerson Mnangagwa from the governing Zanu-PF Party and opposition leader Nelson Chamisa from the Citizen's Coalition for Change (CCC). The opposition is seeking to end the 43-year rule of the Zanu-PF party. Since 1980, the Zanu-PF party has been in power and criticized for continuously clamping down on opposition to remain in power. The country struggles with rising cost of living, inflation, crippling power outages and corruption. People in the urban areas and the young population believe that it is time for a change. (“Zimbabwe election: Poll monitors arrested amid election,” BBC, 24 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Sudan: Fighting continues in Khartoum
On 23 August, BBC Africa reported on heavy fighting in the Sudanese capital Khartoum between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). SAF stated that it repelled RSF’s attack on the Armoured Corps military base in the Al-Shajara region, south of Khartoum. RSF in a statement claimed that it has taken control of parts of the army base and has captured large quantities of weaponry. (“Heavy fighting continues around Khartoum army base,” BBC, 23 August)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
HRW accuses Saudi Arabia of killing Ethiopian migrants
On 22 August, BBC reported on Saudi Arabian border guards’ mass killing of migrants crossing the border from Yemen. A Human Rights Watch report titled “They Fired On Us Like Rain” stated that hundreds of migrants, most of them Ethiopians, were shot dead by the Saudi Arabian guards. A series of BBC interviews with migrants who are alive revealed that Saudi Arabian guards killed, beat and took the survivors to the hospital in one of the cases. A migrant accused the Houthi rebels of colluding with the smugglers. The HRW report covered the period from March to June 2022 and recorded 34 incidents involving both explosive weapons and shooting at close range. The report identified a detention centre at Yemen’s Monabbih from which the migrants are escorted by armed smugglers to the border. One of the authors of the report, Nadia Hardman said: “People described sites that sound like killing fields - bodies strewn all over the hillside.” Hardman claimed that a minimum of 655 were killed by the Saudi Arabian guards. The Saudi Arabian government responded: “Based on the limited information provided, authorities within the Kingdom have discovered no information or evidence to confirm or substantiate the allegations.” (Paul Adams, “Hundreds of migrants killed by Saudi border guards - report,” BBC News, 22 August 2023)
Libya: 161 Nigerian migrants repatriated under UN scheme
On 22 August, Al Jazeera reported on Libya repatriating 161 Nigerians back to their country under a UN-backed voluntary scheme. The migrants included women and children, and they were assisted at the Tripoli airport by the United Nations’ International Organization for Migration (IOM); they arrived in Lagos on 21 August. The report quotes the Minister of Interior of the UN-recognised government based in Tripoli, Imed Trabelsi: “We cannot bear the burden of clandestine migration alone.” A Nigerian embassy official in Tripoli, Samuel Okeri, said that the migrants were “not forced back” to Nigeria. The developments came after 10 August, when Libya and Tunisia agreed to share responsibility to provide shelter to hundreds of migrants stranded at their borders. In July, hundreds of sub-Saharan African migrants were driven to the Libyan border by Tunisian authorities after violence against migrants broke out in the port city of Sfax, following the death of a Tunisian citizen. Previously in February, Tunisian President Kais Saied commented that the sub-Saharan African migrants bring with them “violence, crime, and unacceptable practices.” (“Libya repatriates 161 Nigerian refugees in UN-backed scheme,” Al Jazeera, 22 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Ethiopia: 1411 people died of starvation since the suspension of food aid
On 18 August, the commissioner for disaster risk management Gebrehiwet Gebrezgabher reported that 1411 people died of starvation since the food aid was suspended from WFP and USAID. The food aid was suspended in April as donations were stolen and sold in the local markets. Gebrezgabhe told the BBC that 492 people were involved in the theft. Genrezgaber disclosed that suspects included NGO staff, camp coordinators and people who own businesses like food stores and mills. BBC reported that food having WFP and USAID labels was being sold in the country but is unaware whether the aid was diverted to the local markets or sold by the aid recipients. WFP and USAID suspended aid to the rest of Ethiopia in June 2023. (Girmay Gebru and Mercy Juma, “Ethiopia's Tigray crisis: Deaths from starvation after aid halted - official,” BBC News, 18 August 2023)
South Africa: Alliance to defeat African National Congress (ANC)
On 18 August, an alliance of seven South African political parties reached an agreement in an attempt to defeat the ruling African National Congress (ANC) in the 2024 presidential election. According to the Multi-Party Charter for South Africa, if they were elected, they would work together to assign ministry and parliamentary seats. They are also attempting to prevent Julius Malema's Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) from gaining power. The accord, brokered by the country's main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), comes as the country faces a struggling economy, corruption, unemployment and an energy crisis. The Inkatha Freedom Party, Freedom Front Plus, ActionSA, United Independent Movement, Independent SA National Civic Organisation (Isanco) and Spectrum National Party joined the pact. (“SA parties sign pact to unseat ruling ANC,” BBC, 18 August 2023)
South Africa: Chinese President to attend the BRICS summit during State visit
On 18 August, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the PRC’s spokeswoman stated: “At the invitation of President of the Republic of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa, President Xi Jinping will attend the 15th BRICS Summit to be held in Johannesburg, South Africa, and pay a state visit to South Africa from August 21 to 24.” This will mark the Chinese President Xi Jinping’s second visit to South Africa. China has also expressed its willingness to welcome “like-minded partners” to join BRICS. (“Xi Jinping to make state visit to South Africa, attend BRICS summit,” Al Jazeera, 18 August 2023)
Niger: D-day is decided, says ECOWAS
On 18 August, as the two-day ECOWAS meeting came to an end in Accra, the ECOWAS Commissioner for Political Affairs, Peace and Security Abdel-Fatau Musah disclosed that a “D-day” had been decided for military intervention in Niger. Musah said: “Let no one be in doubt that if everything else fails, the valiant forces of West Africa, both the military and the civilian components, are ready to answer to the call of duty.” Musah emphasized that diplomatic channels are open meanwhile the plan to intervene militarily is also “fine-tuned.” The details regarding the D-day have not been disclosed. (“ECOWAS defence chiefs agree ‘D-day’ for Niger military intervention,” Al Jazeera, 18 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Kenya: African climate summit will not prioritise the Western agenda, says President
On 17 August, Kenya’s President William Ruto affirmed that the African Climate Summit which is to be held from 4 to 6 September 2023 in Nairobi will not be “hijacked by foreign interests.” Ruto responded to an open letter sent to him from 300 African organisations claiming that the summit prioritises Western agendas such as carbon markets. The letter stated that Western organisations and governments are “hellbent on pushing a pro-West agenda and interests at the expense of Africa.” In an interview with BBC, the special adviser for climate change to Ruto, Ali Mohamed said that the summit is an “African endorsed event hosted by an African bank that is going to discuss the challenge to the global community.” (Wedaeli Chibelushi, “Kenya's African climate summit not ‘hijacked by West’,” BBC News, 17 August 2023)
DRC: State of siege ends in two provinces
On 17 August, the members of DRC’s parliament voted in favour of ending the military rule in two eastern provinces namely Ituri and North Kivu where security is deteriorating. The state of siege was levied on the provinces in May 2021 intending to fight the armed rebels. According to UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres’ report, 400 million people are displaced in the provinces. According to a Member of Parliament who participated in the three-day meeting: “The state of siege brought nothing to us…citizens are tired of it. Let the authority be handed back to civilians.” (Samba Cyuzuzo, “DR Congo MPs vote to lift military rule in the east,” BBC, 17 August 2023)
Mali: US condemns attack on UN soldiers leaving Ber
On 14 August, MINUSMA reported that they were under attack twice during their withdrawal from Ber, a town in Mali which resulted in several UN soldiers being wounded. On 17 August, US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller responded: “It is critical that Minusma be permitted to conduct its withdrawal in a safe and orderly manner, and we call on the transition government to cooperate fully until the final Minusma element departs.” (“US concerned by 'worsening violence' in Mali,” BBC, 17 August 2023)
Africa: Ukraine’s Foreign Minister says Kyiv looking to woo Africa
On 17 August, Al Jazeera reported on Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba’s statements that Ukraine was planning to invest in African countries in an attempt to strengthen ties. He further added that this “strategy is not to replace Russia but to free Africa from Russia’s grip.” He assured that Ukraine would be respectful of these interactions as opposed to the “coercive” tactics used by Russia. (“Ukraine’s Kuleba promises to ‘free Africa from Russia’s grip’,” Al Jazeera, 17 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Niger: 17 soldiers killed in jihadist attack; ECOWAS to discuss potential intervention post-coup
On 16 August, BBC Africa quoted the Ministry of Defence and the National Guard of Niger, which reported that at least 17 soldiers were killed in a jihadist attack in the Tillabéri region, close to the border with Burkina Faso. The ministry stated: "The prompt reaction of the military and the air-land response initiated at the scene of the clash made it possible to deal with the enemy." This is the seventh Islamist militant attack in the country since the coup on 26 July. Meanwhile, on 15 August, ECOWAS announced that army chiefs of the member states will be meeting in Ghana's capital Accra on 17 August to discuss a potential military intervention to reinstate civilian rule in Niger. (“More than a dozen Niger soldiers killed in attack near Mali border,” Al Jazeera, 16 August 2023)
Kenya: Public debt hits record high
On 16 August, according to Kenya’s treasury, the public debt rose to a record high of USD 10.8 in the past financial year amounting to USD 70.75 billion breaching the debt ceiling of KES 10.1 trillion. The Treasury stated: “The increase in the public debt is attributed to external loan disbursements, exchange rate fluctuations and the uptake of domestic and external debt.” The cost of debt servicing for the past financial year was USD 391 billion of which USD 743 million was to China. The Fitch Ratings reported that the state of Kenya’s capability to repay the loans changed from stable to negative. In June, lawmakers voted in favour of increasing the debt ceiling to the proportion of Kenya’s GDP which is yet to be amended. (“Kenya's public debt rises by a record $10.8 billion,” Africanews, 16 August 2023)
Nigeria: “No plan to increase fuel prices,” assures President
On 16 August, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu declared that there is “no plan to increase the prices of fuel at this time.” Several oil marketers’ alerted that the fuel price will go up for the third time since May 2023 due to the foreign exchange crisis. The President’s spokesman Ajuri Ngelale in an interview with BBC assured that the current price will be maintained without “reversing our deregulation policy by swiftly cleaning up existing inefficiencies within the midstream and downstream petroleum sector.” (Azeezat Olaoluwa, “No current plan to raise Nigeria fuel prices - Tinubu,” BBC News, 16 August 2023)
Libya: 55 killed in clashes
On 16 August, Al Jazeera reported that at least 55 people were killed and 146 were wounded in a clash between armed groups in the Libyan capital Tripoli. The fighting erupted on 14 August between two armed groups, the 444 Brigade and the Special Deterrence Force (SDF), active since the overthrow of longtime ruler Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The clashes were triggered following the detention of the head of the 444 Brigade, Colonel Mahmoud Hamza, by the rival Special Deterrence Force. On 15 August, the social council in the eastern suburb of Souq al-Jumaa, an SDF stronghold, said that an agreement had been reached with Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, head of the UN-recognized government based in Tripoli, for Hamza to be handed over to a "neutral party." The council said that a ceasefire would be initiated following the transfer of Hamza. Both armed factions are aligned with Dbeibah's government. (“Dozens dead as armed forces clash in Libya - medics,” BBC News, 16 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Niger: ECOWAS military heads to meet on Niger issue
On 15 August, Al Jazeera reported that the military leaders of ECOWAS were scheduled for meetings on 17 and 18 August to discuss the possible use of force in Niger to help overthrow the coup. This comes after the regional bloc consented to military intervention in Niger as a last resort and also approved the activation of standby forces. Meanwhile, ECOWAS leaders continue their efforts to engage diplomatically with the military government in Niger. (“West African military chiefs to discuss Niger crisis Thursday and Friday,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023)
Niger: Envoy in Abidjan called back in protest to comments from President Alassane Ouattara
On 14 August, the Nigerian envoy in Abidjan in Ivory Coast was recalled to Niger by the country’s military government. This was in response to Ivory Coast’s President Alassane Ouattara’s statement that ECOWAS had approved to conduct a military intervention in Niger “as soon as possible.” A comment from Niger’s coup representatives said: “... this unusual declaration by President Ouattara and his eagerness to carry out an aggression against Niger which is in every way illegal and senseless, reflects in reality an order addressed to him and certain of his peers in the ECOWAS by other external powers…” Ouattara made the comment after an ECOWAS meeting that agreed to activation of standby forces and the possible use of force in Niger to restore the deposed President Bazoum. (“Niger generals recall envoy from Abidjan after remarks by president Ouattara,” Africanews, 15 August 2023)
Niger: Leaders of Mali and Russia emphasize peaceful resolution
On 15 August, Mali’s transitional leader Colonel Assimi Goita tweeted that he and Russia’s President Vladimir Putin over a call discussed the condition in Niger. The call was made by Bamako. Goita wrote that Putin “stresses the importance of a peaceful resolution of the situation for a more stable Sahel.” A statement released by the Kremlin disclosed: “The parties specifically focused on the current situation in the Sahara-Sahel region and emphasised, in particular, the importance of settling the situation in the Republic of Niger solely through peaceful political and diplomatic means.” (“Putin urges ‘peaceful resolution’ as Mali and Russia discuss Niger,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023)
Kenya: Government to subsidise fuel prices
On 15 August, according to Al Jazeera, an energy regulator reported that the government has reinstated a subsidy to stabilise the retail price of fuel which has increased as the tax hiked. In September 2022, Kenyan President William Ruto upon taking office, cancelled the fuel and maize flour subsidies which along with tax hikes led to a cost of living crisis. On 14 August, the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority (EPRA) said that the maximum retail price of a litre of petrol would remain at USD 1.35. The government will subsidise the increase of USD 0.05 through a price stabilisation fund. (“Kenya reinstates fuel subsidy after months of violent protests,” Al Jazeera, 15 August 2023)
Sudan: Mass displacement amid looming famine
On 15 August, BBC reported that several international aid agencies declared that the situation in Sudan is worsening with millions displaced who depend on aid. The agencies warned of an inevitable famine. According to the BBC, a joint statement from 20 global organisations reported that 14 million children are in need of humanitarian aid and over four million people have been displaced. (Richard Hamilton, “Millions on verge of famine in Sudan, warn aid chiefs,” BBC News, 15 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Ethiopia: 26 civilians killed in clashes in Amhara
On 14 August, Al Jazeera reported that at least 26 people were killed in Ethiopia's Amhara region in a suspected airstrike by Ethiopian National Defence Force (ENDF). The new wave of clashes erupted on 7 August after Amhara regional militia Fano accused the Ethiopian government of trying to weaken Amhara's defences by incorporating the regional militia with the ENDF. The clashes in the Amhara region erupted nine months after the end of a two-year conflict in the neighbouring Tigray region. The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) raised "grave concern" over the "deadly hostilities" and called on "conflicting parties to immediately end" all alleged human rights violations. Previously on 4 August, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed had announced a six-month state of emergency across the region. (“Suspected air strike kills two dozen people in Ethiopia’s Amhara region,” Al Jazeera, 14 August 2023)
Sudan: Army general accuses RSF and Dagalo of committing war crimes
On 14 August, the Sudanese Army’s General Abdel Fattah al Burhan in a televised speech accused the RSF and its General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo of committing war crimes. Burhan stated: “How can you bring about democracy by committing war crimes, which have been committed in Khartoum, El Geneina, Kutum, Tawila, Sirba, Slileira, Munawashi, Kèss and every inch stepped upon by the rebels in the country since their ill-fated mutiny.” (“Sudan's Burhan accuses rival RSF of 'war crimes',” Africanews, 14 August 2023)
Ghana: Dissent rises against the deployment of Ghanaian soldiers in Niger
On 14 August, Africanews reported on the opposition’s dissent to deploy Ghanaian soldiers in ECOWAS’s proposal of military intervention against Niger in response to the coup. According to Samuel Okudzeto Ablakwa, a member of the foreign affairs committee’s interview with the BBC: “Resorting to military intervention is not the optimal course of action.” Ablakwa emphasized: “Our valiant Ghanaian soldiers should be kept removed from the impending risks of violence and the escalating geopolitical tensions, which could lead to extensive destabilization in an already precarious region.” (“Ghana opposition warn president on Niger troop plans,” Africanews, 14 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Niger: Military charges President with high treason
On 13 August, a spokesman for Niger’s military on national television declared the charges against the country’s president Mohamed Bazoum. Bazoum has been held at the president’s official residence along with his family since 26 July. The statement accused Bazoum of “high treason and undermining the internal and external security.” The accusation followed the Nigerian Islamic delegation who announced the military’s willingness to negotiate with the ECOWAS. ECOWAS responded: “It represents yet another form of provocation and contradicts the reported willingness of the military authorities in the Republic of Niger to restore constitutional order through peaceful means.” UN spokesman Stephane Dujarric expressed concerns regarding the health of the President and called on the military to restore Bazoum as the head of State. (“Niger military to prosecute Mohamed Bazoum for ‘high treason’,” Al Jazeera, 14 August 2023)
Mali: MINUSMA leaves Ber retroceding to the military
On 13 August, MINUSMA stated that it had “anticipated” its withdrawal from Ber, a northern region where security is deteriorating, posing a threat to the Blue Helmets. MINUSMA also reported that they were under attack twice during their withdrawal, leaving some UN soldiers wounded. The Malian army, FAMA, recovered Ber, which was also desired by the Tuareg rebellion. (“In Mali, the army recovers a UN base coveted by the former Tuareg rebellion,” Africanews, 14 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Tanzania: High Court dismisses petition to suspend UAE’s DP World to run ports
On 11 August, a petition to suspend a deal between UAE and Tanzania under which DP World, a UAE-based logistics company, was to run several Tanzania ports was dismissed by the high court. Following the approval of the deal on 10 June 2023, according to the BBC, 18 critics of the deal from Dar es Salaam were arrested on 19 June 2023. HRW’s Tanzania researcher, Oryem Nyeko stated: “Instead of clamping down on critics, the government should respect the right to freedom of expression and assembly, and listen to them.” DP World has already taken over the management of ports in Egypt, Somaliland, Puntland and the Democratic Republic of Congo and is interested in taking over ports in Kenya. (Gloria Aradi, Court allows UAE deal to run Tanzania ports,” BBC News, 11 August)
Niger: Standby forces readied by ECOWAS after meeting
On 10 August, at an ECOWAS meeting in Abuja, Nigeria, leaders conceded to an armed intervention in Niger to overthrow the military leadership. They consented to have a ‘stand-by’ military force ready for action. However, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinube, who is also the current chair of the bloc, said that the use of force would be “a last resort.” A spokesperson reported that while the contribution of troops from each member is currently unknown, the larger goal is “to bring General Abdourahmane Tchiani to the dialogue table.” (“Niger coup: Ecowas to deploy standby force,” BBC, 11 August 2023)
Niger: US joins ECOWAS in call for peaceful restoration of order
On 11 August, BBC reported that the US has hailed ECOWAS’s decision to try all possible options to restore Niger’s deposed president before using force. This comes after the regional block agreed on having a “stand-by'' force ready for action. US Secretary of State Antony Blinken joined ECOWAS’s demand for constitutional order in Niger and informed that the US places the responsibility for the safety of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum on the military leaders. (“US backs peaceful resolution of Niger coup,” BBC, 11 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph, Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Niger: Military announces consolidation of new government
On 9 August, a decree from the coup leader of Niger, General Abdourahamane Tiani Niger declared that the military had formed a new government in the country. The government comprises 21 ministers led by the new Prime Minister Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeine. As per reports, the defence and interior ministries are headed by generals. The announcement came ahead of the meeting of ECOWAS leaders that is scheduled for 10 August. (“Niger: coup military regime forms government,” Africanews, 10 August 2023)
Niger: ECOWAS meeting orders standby forces to activate
On 10 August, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) convened for a meeting at Abuja, Nigeria where it discussed the situation in Niger. The leaders directed the initiation of ECOWAS’s standby forces, stating: “No option is taken off the table, including the use of force as a last resort.” They also agreed on implementing sanctions and travel bans on those attempting to stop the restoration of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. ECOWAS head and Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu reassured: “I hope that through our collective effort we can bring about a peaceful resolution as a roadmap to restoring stability and democracy in Niger. All is not lost yet.” (“ECOWAS leaders say all options open in Niger, including ‘use of force’,” Al Jazeera, 10 August 2023)
Mali: Government suspends issuance of visas to French nationals
On 10 August, according to Mali’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the issuance of visas to French nationals was indefinitely suspended at its embassy in Paris. The Ministry confirmed that the move was in response to France’s decision to suspend the issuance of visas and the closure of its visa centre in Bamako. The Ministry stated that it was a surprise to learn that France has declared Mali as a “red zone” due to “strong regional tensions.” (“Mali suspends visas for French citizens amid row,” BBC, 10 August)
Uganda: President Museveni accuses World Bank of coercion
On 10 August, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni accused the World Bank of trying “to coerce” the government on its anti-LGBTQ legislation introduced in May. The developments come after the World Bank suspended new loans to the country attributing to the law against the LGBTQ claiming that it contradicts the values. President Museveni stated that it is unfortunate that the lender is seeking to “coerce us into abandoning our faith, culture, principles and sovereignty, using money.” He added: “They really under-estimate all Africans. We do not need pressure from anybody to know how to solve problems in our society. They are our problems.” (“Ugandan leader accuses World Bank of coercion,” BBC, 10 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Libya: At least 27 migrants found dead in the desert; Tunisia rejects the allegations of expelling
On 9 August, Al Jazeera quoted Libyan authorities, who reported that at least 27 people from sub-Saharan Africa died in the desert near the Libyan border after being expelled from Tunisia. Tunisia began expelling sub-Saharan African migrants after violence erupted in the Tunisian city of Sfax following the death of a Tunisian citizen. According to Libyan border guards, nearly 150 expelled migrants cross into Libya in a day. Tunisian Ministry of Interior spokesperson Faker Bouzgaya rejected the allegations stating: “People who meet the conditions for legal entry into Tunisia will be allowed in. Tunisia is not responsible for what happens outside its borders.” (“At least 27 people found dead in desert after expulsion from Tunisia: Libya,” Al Jazeera, 9 August 2023)
Ghana: Sanctions on Niger to impact food supply and prices
On 9 August, BBC reported fears in Ghana regarding the increase in food prices following the sanctions placed by ECOWAS on Niger. Ghana depends on Niger for its supply of onions. In 2021, Niger exported onions worth USD 23 million to Ghana and the surrounding West African countries. Ghana is already experiencing inflation, and with the stoppage of onions from Niger, experts estimate that the cost of a bag of onions will shoot up by almost 90 per cent. (Favour Nunoo, “Ghana traders fear Niger sanctions could raise their prices,” BBC, 9 August 2023)
Kenya: Government begins talks with the opposition
On 9 August, following the protests against the government, the Kenyan government commenced the talks with the opposition led by Raila Odinga. Odinga has led several protests in response to the tax hikes and the high cost of living, calling for electoral reforms. According to the government, 20 people have died during the protests so far. (Richard Hamilton, Kenya talks to resolve cost-of-living tension begin, BBC, 9 August 2023)
Sudan: UNSC warns of a prolonged ethnic conflict
On 9 August, UN Assistant Secretary-General for Africa, Martha Ama Akyaa Pobee, briefed on the worsening crisis in Sudan and a possible prolongment of ethnic conflict in the UNSC. Pobee declared: “The fighting in Darfur continues to reopen the old wounds of ethnic tension, of past conflicts in the region. The brutal violence experienced in El-Geneina and Sirba are particular examples of this situation. This is deeply worrying and could quickly engulf the country in a prolonged ethnic conflict with regional spillovers.” The Director of Operations and Advocacy at the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, Edem Wosornu, reported 80 per cent of the hospitals are shut down, and half the children in the country require humanitarian aid. On 8 August, the UN informed that the first humanitarian convoy carrying 430 tons of agricultural seed will reach East Darfur. (“Sudan war: Brutal violence could engulf country in prolonged ethnic conflict - UN,” Africanews, 10 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Central African Republic: Opposition condemns presidential tenure extension after passing of referendum
On 8 August, Al Jazeera reported that the Central African Republic (CAR) opposition has called out the adoption of a new draft constitution in the country that will enable the president to extend his tenure, saying that the president was aiming for life Presidency. On 7 July, the national poll body had announced that 95.27 per cent had voted favourably in the referendum with an overall turnout of 61.10 per cent. With this, current President Faustin-Archange Touadera is cleared to run again in the 2025 elections. However, the report cited that the turnout for voting in the referendum was low, a point that was reiterated by an opposition leader who said: “...we’ve all seen that people didn’t go out to vote and it doesn’t reflect the will of the Central African people.” (“Opposition cries foul as voters in CAR approve tenure elongation,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023)
Niger: Military snubs joint diplomatic effort from ECOWAS, UN and the African Union
On 8 August, a planned delegation comprising representatives of the African Union (AU), UN, and the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) was denied permission to enter Niger by its military leaders. So far, Niger’s military leaders have not entertained any diplomatic efforts from outside, including the UN and the US. ECOWAS heads are scheduled to hold a meeting on 10 August to discuss further actions with regard to Niger. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu, who also holds the chair of ECOWAS, said: “diplomacy is the best way forward.” However, the possible use of force to overthrow the coup is not completely disregarded by the bloc. (“Niger coup leaders rebuff diplomatic overtures from AU, ECOWAS,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023)
Niger: Number of people in need of humanitarian assistance increases
On 8 August, the UN Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator in Niger Louise Aubin warned that regional sanctions and border and airspace closures will increase the number of people in need of humanitarian assistance. According to Aubin: “More than the 4.3 million people we had planned on supporting through emergency humanitarian assistance, we might see that number growing and growing fast.” Aubin added that the efforts of the UN Humanitarian Air Service (UNHAS) are being disrupted due to the airspace closure but are not completely suspended. On 7 August, UN Relief Chief Martin Griffiths highlighted the crisis in Niger urging the international community to help. (Sanctions, airspace closures hamper UN humanitarian efforts in Niger,” Al Jazeera, 8 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Burkina Faso: France cancels aid
On 7 August, France cancelled all development aid and budget support to Burkina Faso as the ECOWAS deadline to restore the ousted Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum ended on 6 August. Bamoko condemned ECOWAS’ announcement of possible military intervention in Niger by calling it a “declaration of war” following the coup in Niger. (“France suspends aid to Burkina Faso,” BBC News, 7 August 2023)
Ethiopia: Intense clashes in Amhara
On 7 August, BBC Africa reported on intense clashes between Amhara regional forces and Ethiopian federal forces. The clashes were reported in the cities of Bahir Dar and Gondar, in the Amhara region. A state of emergency has been declared in the region following the clashes. Amhara regional head Yilkal Kefale, called on the federal government to intervene, claiming that security in the region had become “difficult to control within regular law enforcement mechanisms.” The Ethiopian Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Demeke Mekonnen, raised concerns stating: "There could be grievances that have not been addressed, but the best way to solve them is dialogue as any other means will only hinder efforts to address the same grievances, make us lose what we have and complicate issues that we want solved permanently.” Director-General of the World Health Organization (WHO), Tedros Adhanom, expressed concerns over the ongoing violence. He commented: “Humanitarian access is difficult due to blockage of roads; communication is difficult due to internet suspension.” (Kalkidan Yibeltal, Fighting intensifies in Ethiopia's Amhara region,” BBC News, 7 August 2023)
Nigeria: Attacks on farmers
On 7 August, BBC reported that Save the Children, a charity organization, had alerted that Nigeria’s food security was endangered by the attacks on farmers by armed groups. According to data, at least 120 farmers were killed and 30 were abducted in the first half of this year. Furthermore, 25 million Nigerians could be pushed into food insecurity this year according to the UN. (“Armed groups threaten Nigeria food security - charity,” BBC, 7 August 2023)
Niger: Mali and Burkina Faso send delegations
On 7 August, as the deadline to return the ousted Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum to power ended on 6 August, delegations from Mali and Burkina Faso visited Niamey. Both countries showcased their support to the leaders of the coup. Bamako and Ouagadougou had condemned ECOWAS’ possible foreign intervention if Niamey failed to restore Bazoum to power, as a “declaration of war.” (“Mali, Burkina Faso, sends delegation to Niger in solidarity,” Africanews, 8 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Kenya: Nairobi will lead the “assessment mission” says Haiti’s Prime Minister
On 4 August, Al Jazeera reported on the Haitians’ reaction to Kenya’s willingness to lead a multinational force to respond to the gang violence in the country. As a result of the persisting violence, Haiti is facing an increase in sexual abuse and cholera outbreak. In October 2022, Haiti’s Prime Minister Ariel Henry called on the international community to form a “specialised armed force” to counter the rising violence. The Haitian civil society groups resented Henry’s call stating the consequences of past foreign interventions. On 29 July, Kenya’s Foreign Minister Alfred Mutua offered to deploy 1000 police officers and to lead the multinational force on an “assessment mission.” Mutua tweeted: An assessment Mission by a Task Team of the Kenya Police is scheduled within the next few weeks. This assessment will inform and guide the mandate and operational requirements of the Mission.” While the UN and the US welcomed Nairobi’s decision, there are concerns that the Kenyan police would be in charge given their deteriorating human rights record. On 1 August, Henry assured that Kenya would be leading the potential mission. (Scepticism, uncertainty, hope: Haitians react to possible Kenya-led mission, Al Jazeera, 4 August 2023)
Uganda: UN Human rights office closes down
On 5 August, following the end of its mandate by the Ugandan government, the UN’s human rights mission was closed after 18 years of operating in Kampala. Human rights offices in northern Uganda have been closed too. On 4 August, UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk highlighted that most of the 54 NGOs closed in 2021 are still closed and the amended computer misuse law can curb freedom of expression. Türk added that human rights defenders, civil society actors and journalists are working in a “hostile environment” ahead of the 2026 elections. He urged the Ugandan government to let the national human rights body function efficiently. (UN human rights office shuts in Uganda,” BBC News, 4 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Niger: General Salifou Mody meets the leader of Mali
On 3 August, one of the officers involved in the coup General Salifou Mody on his visit to Mali met with leader Colonel Assimi Goita. The meeting was held following Mali and Burkina Faso’s condemnation of ECOWAS’ announcement of possible military intervention in Niger by calling it a “declaration of war.” (“Niger Coup Leader Visits Mali,” Africanews, 3 August 2023)
Sudan: Amnesty International raises war crime concerns
On 3 August, BBC reported on Amnesty International appealing against the war crimes committed during the conflict in Sudan. It found that members from both the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and allied Arab militias were behind the crimes, which also included widespread sexual assaults on women and young girls. Furthermore, UN groups have raised alerts regarding the acute food shortage in Sudan, which is estimated to impact over 20 million people. (Will Ross, “War crimes committed by both sides in Sudan - Amnesty,” BBC, 3 August 2023)
Niger: Pro-coup protests and Biden's support for Bazoum
On 3 August, supporters of the Niger coup gathered in the capital, Niamey. Several demonstrators waved Russian flags; one of them said: “Only security that interests us, irrespective of whether it came from Russia, China, Turkey if they want to help us.” They also expressed anti-French sentiments stating that France, its former colonizer, had only looted them. The same day, US President Joe Biden stated: “The United States stands with the people of Niger” and called for democracy to be restored along with the release of Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. (“Pro-coup protests continue in Niger as Biden urges Bazoum release,” Al Jazeera, 3 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Niger: Nigeria to cut electricity supply to Niger
On 2 August, Africanews reported that Nigeria had cut its electricity supply to Niger following the sanctions imposed by the ECOWAS. Additionally, ECOWAS has stated that it would freeze energy transactions until the restoration of constitutional order in Niger. On 30 July, Nigerian President Bola Tinubu stated that sanctions will be imposed on members who usurped President-elect Mohamed Bazoum. ("Nigeria cuts electricity to Niger after coup," Africanews, 2 August 2023)
Niger: Niamey opens borders
On 1 August, the spokesperson of Niger’s military government stated: “The land and air borders with Algeria, Burkina Faso, Mali, Libya and Chad are reopened from 01 August 2023.” The borders were closed on 26 July 2023 following the coup. At present, only the borders in the desert areas are open. ECOWAS’s sanctions bar the country to open its borders for trade and commerce. (“Niger reopens borders with five neighbours a week after coup,” Al Jazeera, 2 August 2023)
Senegal: Protests continue after the arrest of Ousmane Sonko
On 2 August, BBC reported that following the arrest of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko, and the dissolution of his party, protests continued in various parts of Senegal. The interior ministry said that they are trying to restore order. Sonko’s party, Pastef, responded to the dissolution by stating: “Senegal's stability is now compromised because the people will never accept this ultimate forfeiture of power against 'the favourite.” Meanwhile, Sonko has maintained that his arrest was made on false charges. (Nicolas Negoce, “Protests persist in Senegal after Sonko crackdown,” BBC, 2 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Senegal: The arrest of opposition figure sparks terror in Senegal
On 1 August, Al Jazeera reported on the death of two people in the city of Ziguinchor in Senegal. The clashes followed after the arrest of Ousmane Sonko, the opposition leader. Sonko was remanded on charges of criminal association with terrorists and for stimulating insurrection. The government has further dissolved Sonko’s Patriots of Senegal Party (PASTEF). The PASTEF supporters have accused Senegal’s President Macky Sall of sidelining the opponent. (“Two killed in Senegal in protests over arrest of opposition figure Sonko,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)
Niger: Mali and Burkina Faso caution against the use of force to overturn the coup
On 31 July, the military leadership of Niger’s neighbours, Burkina Faso and Mali announced: “Any military intervention against Niger would be tantamount to a declaration of war against Burkina Faso and Mali.” They warned that this would have terrible consequences for the entire region. This comes after the regional bloc, ECOWAS, suggested the use of force to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum in Niger who was overthrown in a coup on 26 July. The military leaders further announced their refusal to levy the “illegal, illegitimate and inhumane sanctions against the people and authorities of Niger.” (“Burkina Faso, Mali warn against military intervention in Niger,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)
Niger: EU reassures no risks in uranium supply
On 1 August, Euratom, the EU’s nuclear agency, reassured that the coup in Niger would not have any consequences on the EU’s nuclear power generation that uses uranium from Niger. According to the agency, they have uranium reserves enough to last another three years, stating: “If imports from Niger are being cut, there are no immediate risks to the security of nuclear power production in the short term.” Euratom reported that in 2022, 25.4 per cent of the EU’s natural uranium was sourced from Niger. (“EU sees no uranium supply risks to nuclear production after Niger coup,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)
Niger: European countries evacuate citizens
On 1 August, a plane carrying 262 French and European nationals left for Paris Roissy Charles de Gaulle airport. Following the attack on the French embassy in Niamey, France announced the evacuation of both French and European citizens. Two more flights are scheduled. The Ministry for Europe and Foreign Affairs of France stated that the closure of Niger’s airspace disabled the French and Europeans to leave on their own. The large-scale evacuation by the French is the first of its kind from the Sahel. Germany, Italy, and Spain will begin the process of evacuation. According to Al Jazeera, 600 French, 70 Spaniards, and 100 Germans are in Niger. (“European countries begin evacuation of citizens from coup-hit Niger,” Al Jazeera, 1 August 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Niger: ECOWAS leaders give seven days to the junta to step down, warn military action
On 30 July, heads of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) met in Abuja, Nigeria to discuss the coup in Niger. The regional bloc stressed “zero tolerance” towards coups and said that they would “take all measures necessary to restore constitutional order” in Niger. They also stated that these measures could involve the use of force. ECOWAS has issued an ultimatum of seven days to the military junta for the restoration of power to Niger’s deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. Furthermore, financial sanctions were imposed on the junta along with a reiteration of the closure of Niger’s airspace and land borders. Meanwhile, the self-appointed new leader of Niger, general Abdourahmane Tchiani said that: “We once again reiterate to Ecowas or any other adventurer our firm determination to defend our fatherland.” (Haruna Shehu Tangaza, Farouk Chothia, “Niger coup: West African leaders threaten military intervention,” BBC, 31 July 2023)
South Africa: Protest against the Employment Equity Amendment Law
On 26 July, the opposition Democratic Alliance members marched towards the parliament criticising the new Employment Equity Amendment (EEA) law in Cape Town. The EEA bill was signed by the President of South Africa Cyril Ramaphosa on 12 April 2023 to close the racial economic gap. According to the World Bank, 40 per cent of Black South Africans were unemployed while only 7.5 per cent of white South Africans were unemployed from January to March 2023. The EEA is applicable to employers who employ over 50 people except for security and intelligence agencies. Under the law, the Minister of Employment and Labour is to allocate numerical targets to achieve equitable representation. Critics state that such quotas can harm the economy and white, coloured and Indian people can lose their jobs. The South African government stated that EEA will bring fairer representation than job losses. (Nkateko Mabasa, South Africa’s controversial ‘race quota’ law stirs debate,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)
Central African Republic: Opposition boycotts the constitutional referendum
On 30 July, the opposition boycotted the constitutional referendum leading to the voting being culminated. The new constitution will provide the President of CAR Faustin-Archange Touadera another chance to run for a third term. The presidential term will also be extended from five to seven years. The Senate will be cancelled and a new role of Vice-President will be introduced. The results are expected by the end of the week and the constitutional court will adopt it in 21 days. (Azeezat Olaoluwa, “CAR awaits outcome of referendum to end term limits,” BBC News, 31 July 2023)
Niger: Germany suspends aid to Niger
On 31 July, Al Jazeera reported on Germany suspending financial aid and halting cooperation with Niger, until further notice. Germany’s state secretary in the Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development Joechen Flasberth commented on the importance of a response from the Western African countries. General Abdourahamane Tiani, the commander of Niger’s presidential guard, has proclaimed himself as the head of the transnational government after the soldiers overthrew Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum. (“Germany suspends aid to Niger, cooperation after coup,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)
Niger: Bond worth USD 51 million halted by West African central bank
On 31 July, Al Jazeera reported that the Central Bank of West African States (BCEAO) has called off a USD 51 million bond issuance by Niger. This follows other sanctions placed on Niger by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) due to the military coup that overthrew President Mohamed Bazoum from power. (“West African central bank cancels Niger $51m bond issuance due to sanctions,” Al Jazeera, 31 July 2023)
Niger: Junta claims France of planning a military engagement to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum
On 31 July, BBC reported on statements by the Niger junta that France was strategizing a military intervention to reinstate President Mohamed Bazoum. The junta also said that officials affiliated with the ousted government were involved with France’s plan. (“Niger junta accuses France of military strike plan,” BBC, 31 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Niger: “They have got rid of the colonisers,” says Prigozhin
On 27 July, Wagner Group head Yevgeny Prigozhin lauded the coup in Niger and claimed no involvement in it. According to Al Jazeera, a voice message of Prigozhin in Telegram channels related to the Wagner Group surfaced emphasising Niger’s independence from its colonisers. Prigozhin’s voice message stated: “What happened in Niger is nothing other than the struggle of the people of Niger with their colonisers. With colonisers who are trying to foist their rules of life on them and their conditions and keep them in the state that Africa was in hundreds of years ago. Today, this is effectively gaining their independence. The rest will, without doubt, depend on the citizens of Niger and how effective governance will be, but the main thing is this: They have got rid of the colonisers.” (“Russia’s Wagner boss appears to hail Niger coup, tout services,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)
Niger: Following the coup, general Abdourahmane Tchiani self-appoints as leader of a transitional government
On 28 July, the head of Niger’s presidential guard, general Abdourahmane Tchiani, announced himself as the leader of the transitional government in the country following the coup that removed President Mohamed Bazoum from power. The coup was carried out by a soldiers unit called the National Council for the Safeguard of the Homeland, led by Tchiani. Tchiani said that “the security approach today has not brought security to the country despite heavy sacrifices,” stating that the “intervention” was required to save the country from a “gradual and inevitable demise.” Furthermore, the general has not divulged any information on the reinstating of a civilian government. (“Niger general Tchiani named head of transitional government after coup,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)
Senegal: Eminent opposition leader Ousmane Sonko apprehended
On 28 July, a prominent member of the opposition, Ousmane Sonko was arrested, although the official reason for his arrest is unknown. However, according to Sonko’s lawyer, the politician was arrested for “stealing a mobile phone and inciting violence.” According to the lawyer, Sonko had grabbed a mobile phone from a police officer for filming him. Earlier on the day, Sonko had complained on social media that security forces outside his residence were recording him, adding: “I ask the people to stand ready to face this endless abuse.” The opposition leader who is also a presidential candidate has been facing legal hurdles in recent years. He has said that these are attempts to sidetrack his political plans, and has also accused Senegal’s President Macky Sall of deliberately trying to remove him from the upcoming 2024 elections by using court cases against him. (“Top Senegalese opposition leader Ousmane Sonko arrested: Lawyer,” Al Jazeera, 28 July 2023)
Kenya: The Court permits way for the controversial tax hikes
On 28 July, BBC reported on the Kenyan Court’s Appeal which lifted the suspension of controversial finance law. The law has led to deadly unrest in the country. The legislation has allowed the raise in taxes framed by the government and was later frozen, followed by a senator’s question towards its legality. The law was approved by William Ruto, the President of Kenya and he further promoted demonstrations across the country. More than 30 people, mainly opposition supporters, died during the clash between the protesters and police. The law uplifted the value-added tax (VAT) from 8 per cent to 16 per cent and over 1,5 per cent of housing was introduced. The report also claimed a possible trigger of protests led by the ruling party. Further, an increase in tax is expected to hit over USD 2 billion for the government which is currently on low funds. (Anthony Irungu, “Kenyan court clears way for controversial tax hikes,” BBC, 28 July 2023)
Sudan: Paramilitary fighters destroy the military jets
On 28 July, BBC reported on the destruction of three military jets caused by the Paramilitary fighters at the Wadi Seidna airbase in Khartoum, the capital city. Although the sources confirmed that the military has carried out their air strikes on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the RSF denied any destruction or death of people. The Wadi Seidna air base received foreign government support to evacuate their nationals by mid-April. The major assault resulted in a coincidence with General Mohamed Hamdon Dagalo, the head of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and deputy, who visited Chad and other countries to expand the support. The report recalled RSF's origin, brutal rebels and widespread ethnic cleansing practices. The army of the country has established its air strikes and artillery to combat the RSF attacks. Further, the number of deaths in the conflict was estimated to be around 3,000 and the Darfur region alone held a strong death toll of 11,000 people respectively. (Zeinab Mohammed Salih, “Sudan military jets destroyed by rivals in Khartoum,” BBC, 28 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Niger: Governing party’s headquarters burnt down amid rising condemnation
On 26 July, the spokesperson of the Niger’s army Colonel Amadow Abdramane said that the military has “put an end to the regime that you know due to the deteriorating security situation and bad governance.” Abramane added that Niger’s borders are closed, curfews are placed and government institutions are suspended. On 27 July, amid rising condemnation from the international community, the ruling party’s headquarters in Niamey was burnt down by the coup supporters. The same day, Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum tweeted: “The hard-won achievements will be safeguarded. All Nigerians who love democracy and freedom will see to it.” Countries including the US, Germany, France, Russia and the UN called for the release of the President and for democracy to return. France’s Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs said: “We firmly condemn the coup that took place in Niger against the country’s civilian democratic authorities.” UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres declared the coup as “unconstitutional.” (Niger’s Bazoum: ‘Hard-won’ democratic gains will be protected despite coup,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023; “Niger situation remains ‘fluid’ as army backs coup plotters,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023)
Africa: Russia’s President proposes free grain for six African countries
On 27 July, Al Jazeera reported that following Russia’s withdrawal from the Black Sea grain deal, Russian President, Vladimir Putin, offered to send free grain to six African countries. According to Putin, Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Mali, Somalia, Eritrea, and the Central African Republic will receive nearly 50,000 tonnes of grain over the next three to four months, stating: “I have already said that our country can replace Ukrainian grain, both on a commercial basis and as grant aid to the neediest African countries, more so since we expect another record harvest this year.” Putin made the statements at a summit he attended with nearly 50 African leaders. However, an official from the Centre for Global Development said that grain aid will fall short of securing food needs in Africa. (“Russia making efforts to avert food crisis, Putin tells African nations,” Al Jazeera, 27 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Sudan: Nyala city residents killed during Sudan’s prolonged battle
On 26 July, BBC reported on the death of over 30 civilians in the Nyala city in Sudan. Several days of heavy fighting by the paramilitary, Rapid Support Forces (RSF), and the allied Arab militias has been taking over the country’s main army base located in Darfur. Due to the heavy artillery and shell attacks, the residents have left the village to the nearby cities. The human rights workers talked about the forced actions of RSF fighters, who took over the civilian’s cars. Since the power erupted between the army and the RSF, the western region of Darfur witnessed the worst violence. Further, the region has attempted several ceasefire acceptances. (Will Ross, “City residents killed in battle for Sudan army base,” BBC, 26 July 2023)
Niger: Soldiers group announce the removal of President Mohamed Bazoum
On 26 July, a group of soldiers calling themselves the National Council for the Safeguarding of the country announced that they had removed President Mohamed Bazoum from power, stating: “The defence and security forces … have decided to put an end to the regime you are familiar with.” They further informed of a nationwide curfew along with the closure of Niger’s borders. The development follows media reports that Bazoum was detained at his palace by soldiers. The US has extended its support to the “democratically elected President of Niger,” calling for his immediate release. (“Soldiers in Niger claim to have overthrown President Mohamed Bazoum,” Al Jazeera, 26 July 2023)
Ethiopia: Tigray fighters were demobilised back to their homes
On 26 July, BBC reported on the demobilisation of Tigray fighters. A senior figure of Tigray’s administration reported that more than 55,000 Tigray fighters, who took part in Ethiopia's Tigray region were demobilised back to their communities. General Tadesse Worde, the commander of the Tigray force called the fighters as the “heroes who paid sacrifices.” Over half a million were killed during the war, which caused a humanitarian crisis in the country. Additionally, the troops from the Eritrea region were accused of several abuses during the conflict. Further, the issue has worsened the hunger-related deaths, amid the suspension of aid from the UN. (Kalkidan Yibeltal, “Tigray fighters demobilised and sent home as 'heroes',” BBC, 26 July 2023)
Sudan: Peace talks in Togo discuss Darfur violence
On 24 July, peace talks conducted in Togo’s capital of Lomé discussed the de-escalation of violence in Sudan’s Darfur region. A Rapid Support Forces (RSF) representative said that they wanted an end to the violence, stating their willingness to involve in any “kind of meeting for peace and bringing people together, and stop the war in Darfur and in Sudan.” Meanwhile, a Darfur rebel group representative stated that they were attempting to stop the violence from spiralling into a civil war, stressing that “a roadmap and an action plan” were necessary to coordinate with other leaders in the region. Meanwhile, the reopening of the RSF-held El-Geneina airport in Darfur to facilitate humanitarian aid transport was also discussed. (“Peace talks for Sudan's western region of Darfur held in Lomé,” Africanews, 26 July 2023)
West Africa: ECOWAS president emphasizes rising insecurity in the region
On 25 July, President of the ECOWAS, Omar Touray, in the UNSC, highlighted that West Africa registered 1800 attacks resulting in 4593 deaths in 2023. In the first six months of 2023, 2275 attacks have been recorded in Burkina Faso, 844 in Mali, 77 in Niger and 70 in Nigeria. Touray added that 6.2 million are internally displaced due to lack of food; 42 million will face food insecurity in August 2023. He said: “The reversal of democratic gains runs parallel to insecurity that West Africa and the Sahel have been facing for some time now.” He added that ECOWAS military chiefs proposed a brigade of 5000 at an annual cost of USD 2.3 billion or deployment of troops on request at an annual cost of USD 360 million. He called for the allocation of funds from the UN's regular budget for the AU’s peace operations. (“Over 1,800 ‘terrorist attacks’ in West Africa in 2023: ECOWAS,” Al Jazeera, 26 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Kenya: The opposition group announces its public vigils
On 25 July, BBC reported on the mass vigil declared by the Kenyan opposition group. After prolonged cost-of-living protests, the group declared to hold a public vigil in order to honour the people, who were killed in the previous demonstrations. The Azimio coalition reported on the death of 50 people along with hundreds wounded civilians. It further accused police for their brutal and excessive force exercised against the civilians, who weren’t a part of the protest. The country’s interior minister has defended the police force claiming the situation to be highly dangerous. Further, the police have expressed their limited investigation capacity, which held only 250 officers across the country. (Lailla Mohammed, “Kenyan opposition calls for vigils instead of protests,” BBC, 25 July 2023)
Sudan: WHO expresses concerns over Sudanese war
On 25 July, BBC reported that the World Health Organisation (WHO) has issued a warning regarding the humanitarian crisis in Sudan and urged the warring parties to protect civilians. The WHO stated that more than two thirds of hospitals in Sudan are out of service and hundreds of thousands of civilians have been displaced. Additionally, the WHO stated that malaria, measles and dengue cases are on the rise due to disruption in health services. The WHO remarked that sexual and gender-based violence were reported in the country. ("WHO warns of Sudan's deepening humanitarian crisis," BBC, 25 July 2023)
Kenya: Ready to meet the opposition leader, says President
On 25 July, following anti-government protests, Kenyan President William Ruto tweeted that he is inclined to meet the opposition leader Raila Odinga. Odinga tweeted: “As you have always known, am available to meet one on one with you anytime at your convenience” addressing Odinga. The tweet comes following two developments. First, Odinga’s denouncement of assault and killings perpetrated by the police and their supposedly hired gangs towards the civilians. According to the Azimio coalition, 50 people have died during the clashes since March 2023 but officials reported 20 deaths. Second, the Amnesty International report of 27 “extrajudicial, summary and arbitrary execution” in July 2023. (Kenya’s Ruto offers to meet leader of opposition protests,” Al Jazeera, 25 July 2023)
Sudan: Humanitarian crisis is deepening says WHO
On 25 July, WHO stated that the humanitarian crisis in Sudan is deepening while two-thirds of hospitals are inoperative. WHO reported that disease outbreaks such as malaria, measles and dengue are increasing due to the conflict. WHO informed the rising violence against healthcare workers and infrastructure. It also said that sexual and gender-based violence against women and girls is increasing. (Will Ross, “WHO warns of Sudan's deepening humanitarian crisis,” BBC News, 25 July)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Ghana: The country lifts its interest rate to 30 per cent
On 24 July, BBC reported that Ghana's interest rate surged to 30 per cent. Due to the country’s soaring inflation, the Ghana Central Bank decided to increase its interest rates, resulting in a climb of 0.5 per cent. The decision was announced on 24 July 2023, after the monetary policy meeting. The hike would make it difficult to borrow money due to its raised expense and would gradually reduce customer spending. The West African nation has witnessed over 45 per cent of huge public debts and a tremendous cost-of-living crisis. On 21 July, the World Bank stated that more than 8,50,000 Ghanaians were pushed into poverty within 2022, which resulted in the loss of purchasing power and high food prices. Africa’s largest gold producer has managed to gain USD 600 million and the initial tranche of the USD 3 billion bailout programme from the IMF aimed to stabilise the country’s barred economy. Further, the listed economic policies and debt restructuring strategies aim at boosting revenues. (Nkechi Ogbonna, “Ghana hikes interest rate to 30%,” BBC, 24 July 2023)
Somalia: Around 25 soldiers dies after a mass blast
On 24 July, BBC reported on the death of 25 soldiers at the Jale Siad College camp. The incident happened after a man disguised himself as a military soldier with a false identity, and detonated himself. Although the military has not made any official announcement regarding the incident, over 48 were reportedly injured and were taken to the hospitals in Mogadishu. Further, an Islamist militant group al-Shabab, declared that one of its fighters had carried out a similar bombing incident, killing over 73 soldiers and injuring around 124 people. (Ibrahim Aden, “Twenty-five soldiers killed by Somali bomb- army source,” BBC, 24 July 2023)
Africa: Russian President claims moscow can replace Ukraine grain
On 24 July, BBC reported that Russian President Putin stated that Russia is capable of replacing exports of grains from Ukraine to Africa. The statement was issued following Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea Grain agreement. Additionally, President Putin stated that Russia is expected to have a record harvest in 2023. Reports have indicated that Moscowis pushing to supply grains in a scheme involving Qatar and Turkey. ("Russia can replace Ukraine grain to Africa - Putin," BBC, 24 July 2023)
Mali: US sanctions top military officials
On 24 July, Al Jazeera reported that the US sanctioned Malian Defence Minister Colonel Sadio Camara, Air Force Chief Colonel Alou Boi Diarra, and Deputy Chief of Staff Lieutenant Colonel Adama Bagaoyoka, for enabling the Wagner Group’s rise in Western Africa. US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken stated that the expansion of the Wagner Group in Mali had resulted in a 278 per cent increase in civilian deaths in Mali. Blinken tweeted: “We're imposing sanctions on three Malian officials who have coordinated with the Wagner Group to facilitate and expand Wagner’s presence in Mali. Civilian fatalities have surged more than threefold since Wagner forces deployed to Mali in December 2021.” (US sanctions Mali’s defence minister, officials over Wagner ties,” Al Jazeera, 24 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Sudan: The governor urges the civilians to take up arms
On 21 July, BBC reported on the Al Arabiya report, which was declared on the renewed call by the Darfur Governor Minni Arko Minnawi, who urged civilians to take hold of arms to defend themselves. The conflict between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the army has reached its fourth month. The conflict has spread across regions which include Khartoum, Omdurman, and Bahri. Minnawi addressed the falling administration efforts to end the conflict and has raised fears about the probability of an all-out civil war amid the ethnic tensions. The Khartoum witnesses reported on the heavy airstrikes and the death of 18 RSF fighters in Omdurman and Khartoum. Further, the clashes escalated despite the continued indirect talks between the army and RSF representatives. (“Sudan governor renews call for Darfuris to take up arms,” BBC, 21 July 2023)
Nigeria: The government proposes plans to combat the rising fuel prices
On 21 July, BBC reported on the Nigerian government’s decision to combat the rising fuel prices. The Nigerian government decided to distribute grains and fertilisers to balance the impacts due to the rise in fuel prices. The President of Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, made a decision to end the petrol subsidy, which resulted in a surge in the prices of food, transport, and other services. The cost of living has increased extensively, and the government has considered raising civil service salaries. Additionally, the administration has planned to frame an eligibility register to analyse those in need and circulate cash accordingly. Further, the initiative, which aimed to introduce electric buses and cars, would reduce the cost of transportation. (Chris Ewokor, “Tinubu aims to ease frustration over rising fuel prices,” BBC, 21 July 2023)
East Africa: Black Sea grain deal suspension causes food insecurity
On 21 July, Al Jazeera reported that Russia's withdrawal from the Black Sea grain agreement which permitted transportation of Ukrainian agriculture has caused speculations on rising consumer prices. The Black Sea Grain agreement, signed in July 2022, permitted ships carrying fertiliser and agricultural products from three Ukrainian ports to traverse past Russian warships in the Bosporus Strait. More than 32.8 million tonnes of Ukrainian grains have been exported following the agreement in 2022. Humanitarians have raised concerns regarding food shortage in East Africa following the withdrawal of the agreement. ("Concern mounts in East Africa over halted Black Sea grain deal," Al Jazeera, 21 July 2023)
Sudan: Armed group attacks MSF convoy
On 21 July, BBC reported that Doctors Without Borders (MSF) contemplated continuing work in Khartoum, following an attack on one of its convoys on 20 July 2023. Armed men stopped the convoy with 18 people en route to a Turkish hospital and contested the reasons for MSF's involvement in the region. MSF stated: “After arguing about the reasons for MSF’s presence, the armed men then aggressively assaulted our team, physically beating and whipping them, as well as detaining the driver of one of our vehicles.” MSF’s emergency manager Christophe Garnier said that if MSF’s staff were abused or the movement of supplies obstructed in the future, its existence would be untenable. (“MSF aid in Khartoum 'in jeopardy' after convoy targeted,” BBC News, 21 July 2023)
South Africa: Government applies for Russian President’s arrest warrant
On 21 July, BBC reported that the South African government applied for an arrest warrant for Russian President Vladimir Putin, in case he visited South Africa. The decision comes in response to a lawsuit filed by the opposition Democratic Alliance, which aimed at forcing the government to abide by a ruling from the International Criminal Court. If Putin is to set foot in the country, he will be arrested over accusations of abducting Ukrainian children. (“Richard Hamilton, “SA government applies for Putin warrant - if he visits,” BBC News, 21 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prerana P
Burkina Faso: The NGO warns about the disastrous hunger issue
On 20 July, BBC reported on the warning that the NGO International Rescue Committee (IRC) raised, which stated that more than a million people would face hunger in Burkina Faso. The issue is the lack of security in various parts of the country. The IRC estimated that the count would reach up to 3.3 million by September. The militant Islamist insurgency has resulted in an entire shutdown of food and healthcare supplies. Over two lakh people from the northern town of Djibo have left their homes. Currently, the country functions under the President of Burkina Faso, Ibrahim Traore, who promised to reclaim the territory from the militants. (“Africa Live: A million more could soon face hunger in Burkina Faso- NGO,” BBC, 20 July 2023)
Sudan: The capital experiences massive artillery air strikes.
On 20 July, Sudan’s capital Khartoum and the city of El-Obeid, witnessed artillery fire and street battles. A resident of El-Obeid stated that the fire targeted the paramilitary bases of the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Earlier, the regular army accused the RSF of its drone strike, which killed 14 civilians and injured 15. On 17 July, the Former Chairman of the Transitional Sovereignty Council of Sudan, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, appeared in a rare video where he was seen greeting the top army brass. Apparently, the RSF Commander Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, had released various short videos and audio clips expressing his willingness to choose peace whilst declaring his readiness for war. The RSF paramilitaries have labelled the tribal conflict as the reason for the Darfur bloodshed. In addition, the rights campaigners have blamed the RSF and the allied Arab militias for their reported atrocities, which include rape, looting, and mass killings. Further, the Chief Prosecutor Karim Khan claimed that the International Criminal Court had opened a probe against the war crimes in Darfur. (“Sudan: Fighting in Khartoum intensifies after generals briefly appear,” Africanews, 20 July 2023)
Wagner Group to continue its activities in Africa
On 20 July, the head of Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin, stated that the group’s activities would continue in Africa. Prigozhin stated: “There was no, and there will be no, reduction in our programs in Africa.” The announcement was made following the attempted Russian coup and the UK's sanctions against 13 Wagner mercenaries, including the operational chiefs of Mali and the Central African Republic (CAR), Ivan Aleksandrovitch Maslov and Konstantin Aleksandrovitch Pikalov. Prigozhin assured: “If the assistance of the Wagner Group is needed anywhere to combat gangs and terrorists and to protect the interests of the people of these countries, we are ready to begin immediately to fulfil this task after agreeing on the conditions.” (“Yevgeny Prigozhin: Wagner boss says activities to continue in Africa,” BBC News, 20 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Kenya: The emergence of anti-government protest
On 19 July, the Kenyan opposition leader Raila Odinga, announced the commencement of the three-day anti-government protests. The demonstration is against the tax hikes, followed by the country’s surging cost of living. The protest was introduced due to the increased fuel cost, and Odinga alerted on further protests. The 14 June protest against the new finance bill was aimed at reducing the hiked 16 per cent taxes on petroleum products and 16 per cent of value-added tax. Although the government had obeyed the ruling, which was signed into law on 26 June, there was an exception for the Energy and Petroleum Regulatory Authority. This resulted in increased public transport costs and fuel prices. During his presidential campaign, Kenyan President William Ruto promised to reduce the cost of living. The government office held an enormous debt of USD 61 billion. Further, Rutto removed fuel subsidies which led to a surge in the prices of essential commodities, directly affecting the cost of energy and transport. With regard to the protest, the UN Human Rights Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence stated, “The UN is very concerned by the widespread violence and allegations of disproportionate use of force, including the use of firearms by the police during protests in Kenya.” The opposition protest in Kenya has hiked to extreme levels. (Vivianne Wandera, “Kenya braces for 3 days of anti-gov’t protests: All the details,” Al Jazeera, 18 July 2023)
The African National Congress hosts a meeting with BRICS political parties
On 19 July, Africanews reported on the upcoming meeting to be held on 22 August in Johannesburg, hosted by the African National Congress (ANC). The meeting would include political parties from Russia, India, China, Brazil, and others ahead of the BRICS Summit. The South African Deputy President, Paul Mashatile, expressed his support for the upbringing of peaceful coexistence between Russia and Ukraine. Additionally, the Representative of the Russian Federation Communist Party, Artem Prokofiev, accused the West of backing the Zelenskyy regime and triggering the war. Further, during an interview with a news website, South Africa persuaded Putin to stay away in order to avoid the legal and diplomatic fallout over his international arrest warrant. (“South Africa's ANC meets BRICS political parties ahead of summit,” Africanews, 19 July 2023)
Nigeria: ECOWAS held talks on democratic transactions and security
On 19 July, Africa News reported that four countries of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) conducted talks on democratic transactions and security. The meeting in Abuja was presided by the President of ECOWAS, Nigeria’s President Bola Tinubu. Niger, Guinea-Bissau and Benin also participated in the meeting. The officials largely discussed the security in Mali following the withdrawal of the UN mission. ("Nigeria: ECOWAS discusses democratic transitions and security," Africanews, 19 July 2023)
Kenya: Protesters clash with police
On 19 July, Al Jazeera reported that more than 100 demonstrators clashed with police in Kibera, located in Nairobi, during protests against cost of living and tax hike in Kenya. The demonstration was called on by Raila Odinga. Authorities announced a suspension of schools and businesses. President Ruto has accused Odinga of attempting to leverage discontent over the state of economy to attain personal political goals. ("Kenyan demonstrators clash with police as 3-day protest begins," Al Jazeera, 19 JUly 2023)
The Human Rights Watch campaign accuses Tunisian authorities
On 19 July, BBC reported on the accusations framed by the international campaign group the Human Rights Watch (HRW), against the Tunisian security agents. The accusation was regarding the serious abuses committed against the black African migrants who attempted to reach Europe. The HRW group claimed to have conducted several interviews of more than 20 migrants, which explained that seven among the thousand black Africans were expelled by the Tunisian authorities. Additionally, the President of Tunisia, Kais Saied, has blamed the migrants for violating the country’s demographic structure. Further, the HRW has demanded the European Union hold back the fundings which was supposed to return the migrants. (“Tunisia accused of 'serious abuses' against black Africans,” BBC, 19 July 2023)
Fuel price hikes cause chaos among the Nigerian unions
On 19 July, BBC reported on the outrage expressed by the Labour unions in Nigeria over the hiked price of fuel across the country. They threatened their withdrawal from the negotiations framed with the government. The Nigeria Labour Congress and the Trade Union accused the government of “taking from the poor to pay the rich, and unleashing suffering, hardship and sorrow on Nigerians.” The petrol price has surged to over USD 0.82 per litre, followed by the rise in transport and food costs. The President of Nigeria, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, revived the government plan to pay 12 million poor households to cope with the rising costs. (Chris Ewokor, “Nigerian unions furious over fuel price hikes,” BBC, 19 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
DRC: UAE-Congo partnership aims to eradicate smugglers
On 18 July, Aljazeera reported on the confirmed partnership deal between the United Arab Emirates and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The UAE has signed a deal worth USD 1.9 billion with a state mining company located in Congo, to develop four mines in eastern Africa. According to the statement, the mines would be established in the South Kivu and Maniema provinces. The country signed a 25-year contract with a UAE firm named Primera Group, for mined ores. The Democratic Republic of the Congo aimed at eliminating the mineral smugglers and guaranteeing better livelihood for the informal miners. According to the Norwegian Refugee Council, over five million fled the country due to the long-lasting conflict that broke out in May 2021. The Congolese finance ministry claimed that the Primera Gold operations in the South Kivu province had shipped over one tonne of certified gold. (“UAE signs deal to develop mines in eastern DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 18 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Rwanda: Women Deliver conference urges for gender rights protection
On 17 July, BBC reported that several state authorities and activists who attended the Women Deliver conference in Rwanda, stressed on the need to protect gender equality. The Women Deliver conference was held for the first time in Africa. Rwandan President Paul Kagame stated that political pushback against women's equality would indicate that they are the most vulnerable during the global crisis. The Women Deliver President urged activists and government authorities to double down and work in unity. ("Call for gender rights protection at Rwanda conference," BBC, 17 July 2023)
Cameroon: Open fire kills about 10 people
On 17 July, Cameroon's regional Governor Debben Tchoffo reported on the death of 10 people in the city of Bamenda. The witness claimed that the open fire was a result of failed backing of local separatists. The Ambazonia Defence Forces (ADF) has denied its responsibility for the incident. Additionally, Tchoffo declared the possibility of launching a man-hunt for terrorists behind the massacre, and announced further investigation. Amnesty International slammed government troops, separatists, and militias for the atrocities practised in Cameroon's English-speaking regions. ("Gunmen kill 10 in northwest Cameroon in ongoing Anglophone crisis," Al Jazeera, 17 July 2023)
Tunisia: EU signs deal to prevent illegal migration
On 16 July, Africanews reported that the EU and Tunisia signed a deal to prevent illegal migration from Tunisia to European countries, and curb smuggling. European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, Tunisia’s President Kais Saied, Italy’s Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte facilitated the deal in Tunis. The deal focused on macroeconomic stability, economy and trade, the green transition, people-to-people contacts, and migration. Under migration, the EU will provide aid worth EUR 105 million for search and rescue, and patrolling. Tunisian nationals who could not seek refuge in the EU bloc will be sent back. From EUR 105 million, EUR 15 million will be utilised for the voluntary return of migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, to their origin countries from Tunisia. (EU, Tunisia sign deal to fight illegal migration,” Africanews, 17 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Kenya: President Ruto does not permit tax-hike protests
On 14 July, Al Jazeera reported that Kenya’s President William Ruto, stated that the government would not permit the planned opposition protests scheduled for the next week. Opposition leader Raila Odinga called for protests despite the arrest of 300 people during the rallies. Kenya Private Sector Alliance stated that the protests cost more than USD 21 million. United Nations Human Rights Office Spokesperson Jeremy Laurence expressed concerns over the growing violence. ("Kenya’s Ruto says tax-hike protests will not be permitted," Al Jazeera, 14 July 2023)
ICC prosecutor states conflict in Sudan can be resolved with Justice
On 14 July, BBC reported that International Criminal Court prosecutor Karim Khan stated that there would be no hope for peace in Sudan without justice. Additionally, he stated that there was no willingness from either party to end the conflict. He remarked that former dictator Omar al-Bashir is alleged to have committed genocide in the Darfur region during the first conflict. Additionally, Karim Khan stated that his office is launching a public appeal for those who have evidence against war crimes in Sudan. ("No peace without justice in Sudan - ICC prosecutor," BBC, 14 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Egypt: President Fattah urged Sudan rivals to end fighting
On 13 July, BBC reported that Egyptian President Abdul Fattah urged the warring parties in Sudan to cease fighting and consider peaceful negotiations. The summit was attended by Sudan's neighbouring countries, such as South Sudan, Chad, and the Central African Republic. Additionally, he called for the parties to facilitate the passage of humanitarian aid. The rival military factions in Sudan had sent delegations to the summit. ("Egypt's president pleads with Sudan rivals for peace," BBC, 13 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Sudan: RSF rejects West Darfur violence accusations, receive sanctions from Britain
On 12 July, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allies denied any role in violence in the West Darfur region. The Human Rights Watch alleged that RSF had killed 28 members of the Masalit tribe and dozens of civilians. The RSF have stated that the killings were a part of an ongoing civil war between the local tribes and the Masalit tribes, and that they have no base in Misterei. The HRW have documented numerous abuses within the region which have led to investigations to establish the cause of violence. Additionally, Britain has announced sanctions on firms linked with the rival military groups in Sudan. ("Sudan's RSF denies involvement in West Darfur violence," BBC, 12 July 2023)
Kenya: President Raisi signs agreement on visit
On 12 July, Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi visited Kenya as a part of his diplomatic Africa tour. President Raisi and Kenyan President Ruto signed five memorandums related to information technology, fisheries, livestock products, and investment promotion. President Ruto stated that he sought Iran's commitment to export more Kenyan tea, meat, and other agricultural products. The Iranian foreign ministry stated that it expects an increase of more than USD two billion with African countries. ("Iran’s Raisi begins Africa trip, signs agreements with Kenya," Al Jazeera, 12 July 2023)
Kenya: protesters tear-gassed for demonstrations against tax hikes
On 12 July, the second round of demonstrations called by the main opposition leader Raila Odinga against tax hikes, was met with police clamping down. The police fired tear gas to disperse the protesters in Nairobi, Mombasa, and other cities. More than six people were killed during the protests against the taxes. The opposition stated that the tax hikes will worsen the suffering of Kenyans. ("Kenyan police tear-gas protesters in latest row over tax hikes," Al Jazeera, 12 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Nigeria: More than 800 killed in June
On 11 July, BBC reported that Beacon Consulting released a security report citing that more than 800 people have been killed in attacks in June 2023 across Nigeria. As per the report, more than 460 incidents and 239 abductions were recorded. Additionally, the report stated that the attack had occured in 234 local government areas in 36 states across Nigeria. President Tinubu assured that security would be the top priority of the country. ("More than 800 killed in Nigeria attacks in June - report," BBC, 11 July 2023)
Sudan: Khartoum rejects African peace bid
On 11 July, Al Jazeera reported that Sudan's foreign ministry rejected the regional summit peacekeeping forces to protect civilians. The Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) declared a mediation offer for the deployment of peacekeeping forces. The Sudanese authorities had blamed Kenya for providing a haven to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Furthermore, the Sudanese authorities have declared that they consider the IGAD peace keeping forces as rivals. ("Sudan rejects African peace bid and ‘enemy’ peacekeeping force," Al Jazeera, 11 July 2023)
Africa: Iranian President to visit African countries
On 11 July, Al Jazeera reported that Iranian president Raisi is scheduled to visit Africa. President Raisi is expected to visit Kenya, Uganda and Zimbabwe. The Foreign Ministry Spokesman Nasser Kanani stated that Iran wishes to expand its political and economical relations with Africa. Additionally, he stated that Iran considers Africa to be a continent of opportunities. ("‘Continent of opportunities’: Iran’s Raisi to go on Africa tour," Al Jazeera, 11 July 2023)
Sudan: WFP boosts support for refugees
On 11 July, BBC reported that the World Food Programme (WFP) stated that it is rapidly improving its support on the Chad-Sudan border to cope with the refugees. It estimated that more than 250,000 people have fled from Sudan to Chad. As per the WFP, several refugees were severely wounded and have been deliberately targeted. ("WFP rapidly boosting support for Sudan refugees, agency says," BBC, 11 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Eastern Africa Bloc considers Sudan troop deployment
On 10 July, Al Jazeera reported that Intergovernmental Authority on Development (IGAD) called for a regional summit to deploy troops into Sudan to protect civilians. The IGAD consists of eight countries from the Horn of Africa. It expressed regret over the absence of the Sudanese delegation. The IGAD stated that it considered the deployment of Eastern Africa Standby Forces (ESAF). ("Regional bloc calls for summit to consider Sudan troop deployment," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)
Uganda: HRW states oil pipeline devastated livelihoods
On 10 July, Al Jazeera reported that the Human Rights Watch stated that the oil pipeline to Uganda had devastated lives. HRW additionally stated that TotalEnergies has a 62 per cent stake and will add emissions that exacerbate climate change. TotalEnergies has rejected the HRW's accusations, stating that it respects the rights of its people. The pipeline is scheduled for completion in 2025. ("Uganda oil pipeline has ‘devastated’ livelihoods, says HRW," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)
Nigeria: President Tinubu appointed as West Africa bloc chief
On 10 July, Nigerian President Tinubu was appointed as ECOWAS's new chairman. President Tinubu has called for swift action against insecurity and coups in Guinea-Bissau. He has pledged to prioritise political stability, peace and security, and regional economy. Tinubu is expected to have a one-year tenure. ("Nigeria’s President Tinubu chosen as new West Africa bloc chief," Al Jazeera, 10 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Libya: Rivals agree to share oil revenue
On 8 July, BBC reported that political rivals in Libya have decided to set up a committee to ensure the sharing of oil revenues. Eastern military strongman Khalifa Hafter threatened to force oil production shut-down. Khalifa called on the UN-backed Tripoli-based government to address the issue. The administration between the east and west have hampered the oil production in the area. ("Rival Libyan sides agree to share oil revenue," BBC, 8 July 2023)
Kenya: Police teargas protesters
On 8 July, BBC reported that police in Kenya fired tear gas to disperse human rights activists. Former Chief Justice Willy Mutunga was part of the protest. The protest was aimed at calling for the release of civilians detained during anti-government protests. At least one person was killed when the police responded to the protests in Nairobi, Mombasa, and Kisumu. More than 28 people were arrested. ("Kenya protesters tear gassed outside police station," BBC, 8 July 2023))
Tunisia: Human Rights Watch urges authorities against expelling migrants to desert
On 8 July, Africa News reported that the Human Rights Watch urged Tunisian government to end collective expulsions of migrants to the desert area on the Libyan border. Migrants from sub-Saharan regions have been driven out of Sfax. Human Rights Watch stated that most of the migrants were killed at the borders, and called on Tunis to investigate and hold the security forces accountable. ("Human Rights Watch urges Tunisia to stop expelling migrants to desert," Africanews, 8 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
South Sudan: UN announces support for refugees
On 7 July, BBC reported that UN Humanitarian Coordinator Peter Auweraert had released USD 8 million humanitarian fund for over 150,000 refugees, who fled from the conflict in Sudan. The UN humanitarian affairs office stated that the number of arrivals are projected to increase. Additionally, it stated that more than six million people have been displaced since the clash between Sudanese army and Rapid Support Forces (RSF). ("UN to support thousands who fled into South Sudan," BBC, 7 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin, Ryan Marcus, Sneha Surendran, Nithyashree RB and Prearana P
Kenya: Violence delays the reopening of the Somalian border
On 6 July, Interior Minister Kithure Kindiki stated that the attacks by Al Shabab rebels in Kenya paused the reopening of its border with Somalia. Kindiki tweeted: “The government will delay the planned phased-out reopening of the Kenya-Somalia border points to facilitate comprehensive and conclusive handling of the recent wave of terror attacks and cross-border crime.” On 15 May 2023, Kindiki and his Somali counterpart Mohamed Ahmed Sheikh Ali released a joint statement, declaring their intention to reopen the borders and end a 12-year blockade that was initiated by Kenya in 2011. The siege was established to combat the influx of al-Shabab militants into Nairobi. (“Kenya delays reopening border with Somalia: All the details,” Al Jazeera, 6 July 2023)
Ghana: Amnesty International criticizes the redrafted anti-LGBT bill
On 6 July, BBC reported that Amnesty International Ghana condemned legislators for collectively backing a redrafted anti-LGBT bill. The amended bill aims to provide a three-year sentence in prison for people who identify as LGBT, and LGBT rights activists could spend up to 10 years in prison. Amnesty Ghana Director Genvieve Partington stated that the regulation clearly infringes several human rights and restricts both freedom of expression and association. The human rights organization stated that it is about time for Ghana to give recognition to the LGBT community. (“Amnesty condemns Ghana anti-gay bill,” BBC, 6 July 2023)
Sudan: Increase in sexual violence, condemns UN
On 6 July, BBC reported that the United Nations criticized the increase in sexual abuse against women and girls in Sudan. The Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, Martin Griffiths, deemed the sexual abuse that traumatized women and children in Sudan as intolerable. The UN human rights office in Sudan stated that more than 20 incidents of conflict-related sexual abuse were reported. Additionally, up to 20 women were raped in one of the incidents. (“UN condemns sexual violence against Sudan women,” BBC, 6 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Ryan Marcus
South Sudan: President Kiir to contest in presidential election
On 5 July, Al Jazeera reported that President Salva Kiir announced that the delayed election is scheduled for 2024 with him as a contestor. President Kiir is expected to contest against his rival, first Vice President Reik Machar. President Kiir expressed his gratitude for endorsements and support for his party. The opposition has accused the government of delaying the elections. President Kiir stated that he is committed to free and fair elections. ("South Sudan’s Kiir to run in first-ever presidential election," Al Jazeera, 5 June 2023)
Nigeria: Chinese navy offers protections
On 5 July, BBC reported that the Chinese naval visit at Lagos was aimed to improve security in waters of West Africa and West Africa. Officials stated that the Chinese Navy aimed at offering security from piracy and oil theft. The Nigerian ambassador stated that the Nigerian navy can benefit from the Chinese partners with exchange of technology and experience. Nigeria is a major oil supplier to China and a Chinese company built the deep sea port costing USD one Billion in Lagos.("China navy wants to protect dangerous seas off Nigeria," BBC, 5 July 2023)
Tunisia: sub-Subaharan Migrants attacked
On 5 July, BBC reported that migrants from sub-Saharan Africa have been assaulted in Sfax, Tunisia. The violence was caused due to the killing of a Tunisian man. An NGO stated that some migrants were thrown off balconies. Additionally, it stated that women and children were targeted. Witnesses stated that assaults on migrants have forced them to seek refuge in the European Union.("Migrants attacked in Tunisia and 'thrown off balconies'," BBC, 5 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Ryan Marcus
Nigeria: Chinese navy fleet visit Lagos
On 4 July, Africanews reported that three Chinese navy vessels made a five-day stopover at Lagos, Nigeria. The Nigerian Navy spokesman Admiral Ayo-Vaughan stated that the visit to the Gulf of Guinea aimed at improving diplomacy between the two countries. The Chinese ambassador to Nigeria, Cui Jiachun stated: "Peace is not free, peace should be defended. So I think that we need military security collaboration, so Africa-China, Nigeria-China can do things to not only safeguard the peace, but to protect the vessels in the Gulf of Aden and also here in the Gulf of Guinea.” ("Gulf of Guinea: Chinese navy on "friendly visit" to Nigeria," Africanews, 4 July 2023)
Sudan: Civilians called to enlist to army
On 4 July, Africanews reported that Sudanese army chief Abdel al-Burhan stated the army is ready to receive and equip volunteers. He directed the civilian to enlist to the nearest command unit. Al-Burhan stated that all young and capable men should enlist leading to speculations on the call being a forced conscription. Civilians speculate that the recruitment could worsen the violence. ("Sudan conflict: army chief calls for civilians to enlist," Africanews, 4 July 2023)
Sudan: Army plane shot down
On 4 July, Africanews reported that an army fighter jet was shot down in Khartoum during artillery clashes. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) claimed that it had shot down the aircraft and arrested the pilot. The RSF have additionally accused the army of massacres in the Khartoum region. ("Sudan: an army plane shot down during clashes in Khartoum," Africanews, 4 July 2023)
Cameroon: Amnesty states that atrocities are committed
On 4 July, Africanews reported that Amnesty International has accused the security forces, separatists and militia for committing atrocities in the North-West region. The violations include executions, torture and sexual assault. Civilians retaliating against the clashes are often violated in the region. Amnesty International states that the clashes have claimed more than 6,000 lives and displaced more than a million people. ("Rampant atrocities committed in Cameroon - Amnesty," Africanews, 4 July 2023)
Mali: Ex-rebels reassure Russian envoy
On 4 July, BBC reported that Mali's Tuareg armed group expressed reassurance over peaceful conditions in Mali during discussions with the Russian ambassador. The armed group had warned that the removal of MINUSMA would impact northern Mali's peace process. Following the Wagner Group deployment of mercenaries in 2022, observers have highlighted doubts on the Malian army's ability to cope with the violence following the UN's withdrawal. ("Mali ex-rebels 'reassured' after talks with Russian envoy," BBC, 4 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Ryan Marcus
South Africa: Opposition to form pact against ANC
On 3 July, BBC reported that South Africa's major opposition Democratic Alliance (DA), with the other six parties, has considered forming a pact to displace ANC from government in the 2024 elections. The seven opposition parties have issued a joint statement declaring that the incumbent ANC would lose its majority next year. The parties intend to present a united front that is stable, viable and effective and are scheduled to meet in August to hold discussions. ("South Africa opposition plan anti-ANC pact," BBC, 3 July 2023)
Senegal: Demonstrations against President Sall
On 3 July, BBC reported that Senegalese opposition leader Osume Sonko has organised demonstrations against President Macky Sall seeking a third term. Experts speculate that President Sall, while announcing his decision to run for presidential elections in 2024, would violate the constitution. Opposition supports claim that Sonko's arrest on charges of corrupting youth was an attempt to restrict him from contesting in the election. Sonko stated that it was incumbent on all Senegalese people to stand up, to face him. ("Protests called against Senegal leader seeking third term," BBC, 3 July 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Ryan Marcus
Ethiopia: Addis Ababa applies to BRICS bloc
On 30 June, Al Jazeera reported that Ethiopia has formally applied to join the BRICS bloc of emerging markets. Foreign ministry spokesperson Meles Alem stated that they expect a positive response from BRICS. Additionally he stated that Ethiopia would continue to work with international organisations to protect its interests ("Ethiopia applies to join the BRICS bloc of emerging economies," Al Jazeera, 30 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
South Africa: cancellation of Zimbabwe residency permits unlawful
On 29 June, BBC reported that the South African government's termination of special residency permits of more than 180,000 Zimbabweans has been ruled unlawful by the South African high court. The Helen Suzman Foundation challenged the government's decision in Gauteng High Court, Pretoria. The Zimbabwe Exemption Permit system was initiated to cope with the increase in Zimbabwean migrants in search of employment. The termination of the system would lead to the return of Zimbabweans unless they obtain regular work visas. ("SA cancellation of Zimbabwean permits 'unlawful'," BBC, 29 June 2023)
Sudan: Clashes continue amid Eid
On 29 June, BBC reported that clashes continue despite the announcement of ceasefire by military groups owing to Eid al-Adha. Residents of Khartoum state have reported heavy artillery during the occasion. Residents have additionally reported raidings of stalls and houses. The UN mission to Sudan urged both parties to maintain truces. ("Eid in Sudan: 'I couldn't sleep because of the sounds of the gunfire'," BBC, 29 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as President
On 28 June, BBC reported that Incumbent Maada Bio has been declared winner of Sierra Leone's Presidential elections, with 56 per cent of the vote. The opposition has claimed problems with the tallying process and has disputed in the court. Dr Kamara, candidate All People's Congress (APC) who has trailed with 41 per cent of the vote has claimed the outcome as daylight robbery. Amid the tension following the vote, President Bio has called on civilians to keep the peace. Dr Kamara alleges that his electoral agents were not permitted to verify the ballot counting. ("Sierra Leone election: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as opposition cries foul," BBC, 28 June 2023)
Sierra Leone: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as President
On 28 June, BBC reported that Incumbent Maada Bio has been declared winner of Sierra Leone's Presidential elections, with 56 per cent of the vote. The opposition has claimed problems with the tallying process and has disputed in the court. Dr Kamara, candidate All People's Congress (APC) who has trailed with 41 per cent of the vote has claimed the outcome as daylight robbery. Amid the tension following the vote, President Bio has called on civilians to keep the peace. Dr Kamara alleges that his electoral agents were not permitted to verify the ballot counting. ("Sierra Leone election: Julius Maada Bio sworn in as opposition cries foul," BBC, 28 June 2023)
Nigeria: North East region may face famine
On 28 June, BBC reported that the United Nations has warned of the increase in risk of famine in north-eastern Nigeria. More than 40,000 civilians have been killed and two million displaced due to fighting between the army and jihadist groups. The UN humanitarian coordinator Matthias Schmale has urged the international community to respond swiftly to the situation. Additionally he pointed that 500,000 people are facing food insecurity in Kenya.("Nigeria's north-east 'one step away from famine' - UN," BBC, 28 June 2023)
Central Africa Republic: Russia to continue work despite Wagner business
On 28 June, Al Jazeera reported Russian advisors stated that they will continue working in the Central African Republic and consider the Wagner group operations as separate business. The Kremlin issued a statement regarding the close ties with the Central African Republic (CAR), despite their engagement with the Wagner Group to fight rebel uprisings. Russian Foreign Minister Lavrov stated that the mutiny in Russia would impact its relation with CAR. Presidential advisor Fidèle Gouandjika stated that CAR had a defence deal with Russia and not Wagner. ("Russia to continue work in CAR, Wagner business separate: Kremlin," Al Jazeera, 28 June 2023)
Angola: African leaders discuss East DRC tensions
On 28 June, Africa News reported that African leaders under African Union President Azali Assoumani met in Luanda, Angola to discuss the situation in Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) and efforts to stabilise it. Representatives from the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the East African Community (EAC), the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region (ICRGL) and the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS ) were part of the summit. The strategic objectives of the meeting is mainly to adapt a a joint framework for the implementation of peace initiatives in DR Congo. ("African leaders meet in Angola to discuss East DRC tensions," Africanews, 28 June 2023)
Sierra Leone: Peaceful conditions following election result
On 28 June, Al Jazeera reported that Sierra Leone had witnessed a peaceful atmosphere following the election of President Julius Bio. Civilians were largely engaged with the preparation of Eid-al-Adha. Opposition supporters have resorted to not reacting to the election outcome and abide by the maintenance of peace. Presidential election runner-up Kamara remarked that he rejected the outcome declared by the electoral commission. ("Calm in Sierra Leone despite contested election result," Al Jazeera, 28 June 2023)
Burkina Faso: More 34 killed in attack
On 28 June, BBC reported that more than 31 soldiers and three Homeland Defence Volunteers have been killed by unidentified assailants. The army stated that more than 40 assailants were killed. The attack took place on 26 June in Northern Province of Bam, Central-Northern region. ("Dozens of soldiers killed in Burkina Faso attack," BBC, 28 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Kenya: Five civilians killed in Al-Shabaab attack
On 27 June, Africa News reported that five citizens were killed by the Al-Shabaabon 24 June in Juhudi and Salama, eastern Kenya. Residents reported that the more than 20 assailants slit their throats and beheaded some civilians. The attackers seized the residents' goods before absconding. Al-Shabaab, claimed to kill six members and destroyed ten christian houses. The Lamu Country Prefect Louis Rono stated that the authorities have increased the security in the area following the attack. ("Kenya: five civilians killed, some beheaded, in Al-Shabab attack in east," Africanews, 27 June 2023)
South Africa: German foreign minister visits Pretoria
On 27 June, Africa News German Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock met South African Naledi Pandor in Pretoria and discussed energy security, climate change and geopolitical issues including Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The discussions additionally consisted on impacts of oil prices globally. Annalena Baerbock discussed the African delegation to Ukraine and Russia and the manner in which the UN charter must be respected. ("South Africa: German foreign minister in Pretoria for talks," Africanews, 27 June 2023)
Ethiopia: Deaths due to Hunger rises in Tigray region
On 27 June, Africa News reported that more than 700 people have died in the Tigray region owing to the suspension of the US and UN food aid. The suspension had been issued following malpractices in the aid distribution system, affecting 20 million people in need of aid. Tigray's Disaster Risk Management Commission stated that the deaths were reported from three regions of the seven zones. The researchers have remarked that the deaths were largely of children, old people and people with underlying health conditions. The Ethiopian government dismissed the allegations as propaganda but has agreed to a joint with the US as the UN's World Food Program conducts a separate probe. ("Hunger kills hundreds after US and UN pause food aid to Ethiopia's Tigray region, officials say," Afircanews, 27 June 2023)
Zimbabwe: Economy undergoes inflation
On 27 June, BBC reported that Zimbabwe's inflation had doubled to over 176 per cent in June. Consumer groups have reported that an average family requires ZWL one million. The Zimbabwean government blames currency speculators for the crash of its currency. The government has instructed authorities to impose duties and taxes in local currency to increase its demand.("Triple-digit inflation returns to Zimbabwe," BBC, 27 June 2023)
Senegal: IMF approves USD 1.8 billion load
On 27 June, BBC reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a USD 1.8 billion loan for Senegal for economic recovery. Senegal will receive an initial disbursement of USD 216 million and would be given a period of three years. The load is intended to support Senegal's efforts to cope with climate change and the effects of the Russia-Ukraine war. Senegal is projected to have an 8,3 per cent growth in 2023 owing to the initiation of oil and gas production in the country. ("IMF approves $1.8bn loan for Senegal," BBC, 27 June 2023)
Sudan: RSF announces ceasefire on Eid
On 27 June, BBC reported paramilitary Rapid Support Forces had declared a unilateral ceasefire owing to Eid-al-Adha from 28 June. The pause was broadcasted on Al Arabiya by RSF leader Muhammad Dagalo. Dagalo additionally condemned his own forces for carrying out abuses against citizens. ("Sudan's RSF announces unilateral Eid ceasefire," BBC, 27 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Sierra Leone: President Bio leads in Provisional vote result
On 26 June, Al Jazeera reported Sierra Leone's provisional results show that President Maada Bio is leading the elections with 60 per cent of counted votes. Sierra Leone's election commission stated the results detailed are partial and incomplete. The result showed that Bio had received over one million votes in comparison to his competitor, Kamara, who had secured 800,000 votes. The election commission stated that final results will be announced within 48 hours. ("Sierra Leone’s President Bio leading in provisional vote results," Al Jazeera, 26 June 2023)
South Sudan: Receives more than 10,000 refugees from Sudan
On 26 June, BBC reported that more than 10,000 refugees have fled from Sudan to South Sudan according to the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA). OCHA stated that many arrivals include unaccompanied underaged, elderly and disabled civilians and were subjected to violence. Additionally, OCHA stated that the number of arrivals are projected to increase. ("South Sudan takes in 10,000 refugees fleeing Sudan," BBC, 26 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
South Sudan: Authorities unprepared for Sudan refugees
On 23 June, BBC reported that South Sudanese Foreign Minister Dau Deng admitted that the authorities were not prepared for the rise in refugees following the conflict breakout in Sudan. Additionally, Dau Deng stated that South Sudan received more than 150,000 people from South Sudan and the humanitarian demand is high. Dau Deng denied allegations for South Sudan closing its borders to Sudanese refugees. ("South Sudan 'unprepared' for wave of Sudan refugees," BBC, 23 June 2023)
Tunisia: UN warns authorities against media crackdown
On 23 June, BBC reported that the United Nations has urged Tunisian authorities to terminate its media crackdown. UN Human Rights High Commissioner Volker Türk termed the situation as troubling and urged Tunisia to change its course. Previously, a prominent Tunisian journalist was arrested on accounts of insulting President Saied. President Saied stated that he intends to save Tunisia from chaos ("UN warns against Tunisia media crackdown," BBC, 23 June 2023)
Kenya: President Ruto attend Paris Climate Summit
On 23 June, Africa News reported that during the Paris Climate Summit Kenyan President William Ruto stated that rich countries required a reform in global financial architecture that enables developing countries to take part in the solution. President Ruto expressed the need for reform in the IMF and World Bank and unfavourable disproportion in interest rates for Southern Countries owing to their financial risks. Additionally suggested a conversion of money from lenders into a 50-year loan facility and 20-year grace period. Additionally, he stated that the delay in achieving objectives of the Paris Agreement was due to lack of investments in development apart from fossil fuel. ("Kenya is "not asking for help", but to "be part of the solution", says William Ruto," Africanews, 23 June 2023)
Mali: Citizens approve constitutional amendment referendum
On 23 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malians approved the constitutional amendment referendum by 97 per cent favouring the referendum. The voter turnout was 39.4 per cent of the 8.4 million registered voters. Proposed changes included policy allotment by President, Presidential right to appoint and dismiss cabinet members and financial declaration of officials to check corruption. Poll observers reported cases of militants rigging polling centres. ("Malians approve amendments to constitution in referendum," Al Jazeera, 23 June 2023)
Zimbabwe: 11 candidates approved to run for president
On 23 June, BBC reported that Zimbabwe's electoral body has approved eleven people to contest in presidential elections scheduled in August, following criticism of high application fees. The contestants included President Emmerson Mnangagwa and his rival Nelson Chamisa. No women were cleared to contest and ten applicants were rejected. The opposition has criticised the high registration fee since most people earn less than USD 300 owing to the economic crisis in Zimbabwe. ("Zimbabwe clears 11 candidates to run for president," BBC, 23 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Sierra Leone: Clashes ahead of election raises tension
On 22 June, BBC reported that one person was killed in the conflict between the security forces and supporters of the main opposition party, All People’s Congress (APC). Following the conflict, people are headed to marketplaces in Freetown to stock up on food, stores are temporarily closed, and there remains a tangible concern that there may be more violence following the election on Saturday. The unrest began when the APC called for a protest over suspicions that the voter list maintained by the election commission was incorrect. (“Fear grips Sierra Leone capital after pre-poll clash,” BBC, 22 June 2023)
Mali: Coalition of armed groups warns against the withdrawal of UN forces
On 22 June, Al Jazeera reported that the coalition of armed groups in Mali warned the withdrawal of the United Nations peacekeeping force would deliver a fatal blow to the peace agreement and jeopardise regional stability. The Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security, and Development (CSP-PSD), a coalition of armed groups, stated that the exit of the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MINUSMA) without an alternative would risk the security of the country. Mali's military administration urged MINUSMA to withdraw on 16 June, a demand that comes after years of strained relations between the UN and Bamako's government. (“‘Fatal blow’: Mali rebels warn against UN peacekeepers departure,” Al Jazeera, 22 June 2023)
Sudan: Embassies under continuous attack in Khartoum
On 22 June, BBC reported that foreign diplomatic missions continue to be attacked and looted in Sudan, with Algeria, Zimbabwe, and Mauritia becoming the recent countries to protest. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Algeria stated that its ambassador’s residence was stormed and ransacked and the attack violated international law and urged Sudanese authorities to take action against the perpetrators. Zimbabwe Foreign Ministry spokesperson Livit Mugejo stated: “We have reports that most of the countries' properties were also targeted. It's sheer criminality, to take advantage of the war to loot properties of our diplomats and our embassy there.” The Sudanese army has frequently accused the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of attacks on diplomatic posts, in which the RSF denies involvement. (“Attacks on embassies in Sudan 'sheer criminality',” BBC, 22 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
South Africa: President Ramaphosa, Netherlands and Denmark launch green fund
On 21 June, Africa News reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and the governments of the Netherlands and Denmark launched a USD one billion green hydrogen fund to combat climate change. During a business forum in Pretoria, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte stated that South Africa could potentially lead the fight against climate change. President Ramaphosa welcomed the efforts, stating their investments in renewable energy would benefit all three countries. (“South Africa, Netherlands, Denmark launch green fund,” Africanews, 21 June 2023)
Uganda: Police arrest 20 people suspected of school massacre
On 21 June, BBC reported that the Ugandan police have arrested 20 persons on suspicion of conspiring with Islamist extremists accused of attacking a school last on 16 June. The attack killed 42 individuals, mostly children. The head teacher and school director of Lhubiriha Secondary School, Mpondwe were detained. The Ugandan army has been searching for Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) militants who have fled to the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. (“Uganda arrests 20 people over school massacre,” BBC, 21 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Tunisia: Interior Minister discusses illegal migration with French and German Interior Ministers
On 20 June, Africanews reported that the Interior Minister of France, Gerald Darmanin, and the Interior Minister of Germany, Nancy Faesar discussed security cooperation and illegal migration with Tunisian Interior Minister Kamel Feki. They issued a joint statement that aims to provide aid in tackling the issues which the ministers described as the plague that affects all three countries. The EU is seeking ways to control the migration phenomenon. Several Tunisian civil society and political leaders have criticised the visit and accused the Tunisian officials of favouring European interests. ("Tunisia holds talks on illegal migration with French and German interior ministers," Africanews, 20 June 2023)
Somalia: Dozens dead in Puntland following parliament debate
On 20 June, Al Jazeera reported that more than two dozen people were killed in a clash that occurred in Garowe, Puntland. The incident happened following a local parliament debate on the voting system. The witnesses stated that the clash erupted following the accusations of Puntland's leader, Said Abdullahi Deni, seeking to extend his office term beyond January 2023 and help tip the ballot in his favour. Prime Minister Hamza Abdi Barre appealed to the rivals to reconcile differences through dialogue rather than the barrel of the gun. ("Dozens killed in Somalia's Puntland after parliament debate," Al Jazeera, 20 June 2023)
Nigeria: Labour Unions to agree on new minimum wage
On 20 June, Al Jazeera reported that Nigeria's labour unions and government set an eight-week limit to finalise the minimum wage agreement, which seeks to address high fuel prices. Following the objection to scrapping subsidies by the Nigerian Labour Congress and Trade Union Congress, the parties agreed to set work groups whose terms of reference will be agreed upon. ("Nigeria, labour unions to agree new minimum wage within 8 weeks," Al Jazeera, 20 June 2023)
South Africa: France requests to join BRICS Summit
On 20 June, BBC reported that France requested an invitation to attend the BRICS summit in South Africa which has been scheduled for August 2023. French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna stated that: "We are thinking aloud but this obviously a decision that only the countries concerned can take- about the possibility of continuing this dialogue, why not BRICS summit or in another format". South African President Cyril Ramaphosa would visit Paris to discuss the request. ("France asks for invite to South Africa's Brics summit," BBC, 20 June 2023)
Sudan: Warring factions blame each other for breaking the new truce
On 20 June, BBC reported that warring military factions blamed each other for violating the latest ceasefire. The Sudanese army stated that the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had attacked North Darfur for a second consecutive day. The US and Saudi mediators had earlier announced a 72-hour truce. The residents of Khartoum reported temporary relief from air strikes, artillery, and other clashes. (“Sudan rivals accuse each other of breaking new truce,” BBC, 20 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
South Africa: President Ramaphosa hails Russian-Ukraine peace mission
On 19 June, Al Jazeera reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa on his return remarked that the historic peace negotiations between Ukraine and Russia did not yield immediate results. President Ramaphosa stated: “This initiative has been historic in that it is the first time African leaders have embarked on a peace mission beyond the shores of the continent”. Additionally, Ramaphosa stated that there was positive reception from Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy and Russian President Vladimir Putin and both have agreed to participate in further engagements. Further, South Africa has refused to condemn the invasion of Ukraine. ("South Africa leader hails 'historic' Ukraine peace mission," Al Jazeera, 19 June 2023)
Kenya: President Ruto signs EU trade deal
On 19 June, Al Jazeera reported that Kenyan President William Ruto signed a trade deal with the European Union to receive duty-free and quota-free access to the EU. President Ruto stated that the EU was the most important development partner following the World Bank. This is the first broad deal between the EU and an African nation since 2016. EU Trade Commissioner Valdis Dombrovkis stated that the agreement is open for the other members of the East Africa Community (EAC)- which includes the Democratic Republic of the Congo and South Sudan. ("Kenya signs EU trade deal in boost to Brussels' Africa ties," Al Jazeera, 19 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Mali: Foreign Minister calls for withdrawal of UN peacekeeping mission
On 16 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop stated that the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (MINUSMA), a peacekeeping force should be withdrawn from Mali since the violence and insecurity has surged since their deployment. Diop made the statement while addressing a UN Security Council meeting. MINUSMA head El Ghassim Wane affirmed that conducting UN peacekeeping operations without the country's consent is nearly impossible. Mali's military rulers have imposed operational restrictions on peacekeepers and more than 300 peacekeepers have been killed since the start of the mission in 2013. Additionally, Diop stated that the Mali government is willing to cooperate with the United Nations on the issue. ("Mali asks UN to withdraw its peacekeeping mission 'without delay'," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)
Chad: Medical care overwhelmed with casualties from Sudan
On 16 June, BBC reported that more than 300 casualties were reached at a hospital in Chad following brutal fighting in Sudan's Darfur region. More than 130 needed surgical care and were referred to hospitals in Abéché. Additional staff from the Chadian Ministry of Health and off-duty staff were called to volunteer. Most casualties were received from El Geneina, West Darfur's capital, where more than 1,100 civilians have been killed since mid-April. Human rights groups have reported ethnic-based killings in the West Darfur region by Arab militias and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The UN Children's Agency (Unicef) reported that more than 250,000 children have been displaced in Darfur. ("Chad hospital overwhelmed with wounded from Sudan," BBC, 16 June 2023)
Africa: African leaders visit Kyiv amid missile attack
On 16 June, BBC reported that a delegation of African leaders visited Kyiv amidst missile attacks to mediate the Russo-Ukrainian war. The Ukrainian Air Force has shot down a dozen of Russian projectiles, six of which were hypersonic Kinzhal missiles. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba stated that the Russian missiles are a message to Africa: Russia wants more war, not peace. The delegation, which includes the Presidents of South Africa, Senegal, Zambia, and Comoros, has been expected to stress the importance of unrestricted exports of grain from Ukraine and fertilizer from Russia. ("Kyiv under missile attack as African leaders visit," BBC, 16 June 2023)
Africa: Zelenskyy urges African delegation to negotiate with Russia for prisoner release
On 16 June, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged the delegation of African leaders to push Russian President Vladimir Putin to free political prisoners from Crimea and beyond. The delegation included the Presidents of Comoros, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia, the Egyptian Prime Minister, and top envoys from the Republic of Congo and Uganda. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that the conflict is affecting Africa negatively. Comoros President Azali Assoumani proposed a road to peace to which President Zelenskyy responded he did want any surprises from their visit to Russia on 24 June. ("Zelenskyy asks African to push Russia on prisoner release," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)
Mali: Foreign Minister calls for withdrawal of UN peacekeeping mission
On 16 June, Al Jazeera reported that Malian Foreign Minister Abdoulaye Diop addressed a UN Security Council meeting stating that MINUSMA, a peacekeeping force should be withdrawn from Mali since the violence and insecurity has surged since their deployment. MINUSMA head El Ghassim Wane affirmed that conducting UN peacekeeping operations without the country's consent is nearly impossible. Mali's military rulers have imposed operational restrictions on peacekeepers and more than 300 peacekeepers have been killed since the start of the mission in 2013. Additionally, Diop stated that the Mali government is willing to cooperate with the United Nations on the issue. ("Mali asks UN to withdraw its peacekeeping mission 'without delay'," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)
Chad: Medical care overwhelmed with casualties from Sudan
On 16 June, BBC reported that more than 300 casualties were received at a hospital in Chad following a brutal fighting in Sudan's Darfur region. More than 130 needed surgical care and were referred to hospitals in Abéché. Additional staff from the Chadian Ministry of Health and off-duty staff were called to volunteer. Most casualties were received from El Geneina, West Darfur's capital, where more than 1,100 civilians have been killed since mid-April. Human rights groups have reported ethnic-based killings in the West Darfur region by Arab militias and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The UN Children's agency (Unicef) reported that more than 250,000 children have been displaced in Darfur. ("Chad hospital overwhelmed with wounded from Sudan," BBC, 16 June 2023)
African leaders visit Kyiv under missile attack
On 16 June, BBC reported that a delegation of African leaders visited Kyiv amidst missile attacks to mediate the Russo-Ukrainian war. The delegation, which includes the Presidents of South Africa, Senegal, Zambia and the Comoros, is expected to stress on the importance of unrestricted exports of grain from Ukraine and fertiliser from Russia. The Ukrainian Air Force has shot down a dozen of Russian projectiles, six of which were hypersonic Kinzhal missiles. Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dymtro Kuleba stated that the Russian missiles are a message to Africa: Russia wants more war, not peace. ("Kyiv under missile attack as African leaders visit," BBC, 16 June 2023)
Africa: Zelenskyy urges African delegation to negotiate with Russia for prisoner release
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy urged a delegation of African leaders to push Russian President Vladimir Putin to free political prisoners from Crimea and beyond. The delegation included the Presidents of Comoros, Senegal, South Africa and Zambia, Egyptian Prime Minister and top envoys from Republic of Congo and Uganda. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that the conflict is affecting Africa negatively. Comoros President Azali Assoumani proposed a road to peace to which President Zelenskyy responded he did want any surprises from their visit to Russia on 24 June. ("Zelenskyy asks African to push Russia on prisoner release," Al Jazeera, 16 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
DR Congo: ICC to investigate crimes in North Kivu
On 15 June, BBC reported that The Democratic Republic of Congo has demanded the International Criminal Court to investigate the crimes in North Kivu province. The prosecutor Karim Khan is to investigate particular armed forces and groups committing the crimes. The DR Congo government claims the M23 rebel group was backed by Rwanda. Human Rights Watch stated that M23 had committed extrajudicial killings and forced recruitments of civilians. Rwanda has denied any affiliation with M23. ("DR Congo asks ICC to investigate alleged North Kivu crimes," BBC, 15 June 2023)
South Africa: The second batch of firefighters sent to Canada
On 15 June, Africanews reported that 200 South African firefighters have completed their training in Mbombela and proceeded to aid Canadian firefighters in managing the Canadian wildfires. Over 17,800 square miles of forest have been destroyed by the wildfires. Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau stated that Canada's resources were being used in its maximum capacity. The Canadian government has requested aid from the Working On Fire program which is funded by the South African government. ("SA: Second batch of firefighters headed to Canada to combat wildfires," Africanews, 14 June 2023)
Sudan: RSF condemns the killing of Darfur governor
On 15 June, BBC reported that Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Military Forces (RSF) has condemned the assassination of West Darfur governor Khamis Abubakar and called for an inquiry. The RSF stated that two outlaws carried out the killing in El Geneina and will bring them to justice. Previously, the Amry officials accused RSF of assassinating Governor Abubakar following his statements against the RSF for committing genocide against Masalit ethnic groups. ("Sudan's RSF condemns killing of Darfur governor," BBC, 15 June 2023)
South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa travels to Ukraine and Russia
On 15 June, Africanews reported that the South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa, headed to Ukraine and the Russian Federation through Poland for the Africa Peace Mission intended for a peaceful resolution of the conflict. Ramaphosa visited Warsaw and paid a courtesy call to Polish President Andrzej Duda. Later, Ramaphosa would visit the Ukrainian capital Kyiv for discussions with Ukraninan President Volodymyr Zelenskyy on 16 June. After the visit with Zelenskyy, Ramaphosa would travel to St Petersburg, Russia where the African delegation would have talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin on 17 June. Finally, Ramaphosa would return to South Africa on 18 June. (“South Africa's Ramaphosa headed to Ukraine, Russia for peace mission,” Africanews, 15 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Kenya: Al-Shabaab kills eight police officers
On 14 June, Al Jazeera reported that eight Kenyan police officers were killed when their vehicle was detonated by an improvised explosive device in an attack by al-Shabab. The attack took place in Garissa county in Eastern Kenya, bordering Somalia where Al-Shabaab has instigated rebellion against the government in Mogadishu. Al-Shabaab has been engaged in armed revolt against Somalia’s central government for more than 15 years. The North Eastern Regional Commissioner, John Otieno, stated that Al-Shabaab is now targeting security forces and passenger vehicles. ("Eight Kenyan police killed in suspected al-Shabab bombing," Al Jazeera, 14 June 2023)
South Africa: Parliament passes healthcare bill
On 14 June, BBC reported that the National Assembly of South Africa has passed the National Health Insurance (NHI) bill. The bill aims to provide access to quality healthcare for all South Africans belonging to all races, rich or poor, and legal long-term residents. Additionally, the proposed legislation intends to establish a single public health fund for both private and public healthcare providers. This fund will be financed by general taxes, collected from people who earn more than a certain amount, and employee payroll deductions. Health Minister Joe Phaahla stated: “This is one of the most revolutionary pieces of legislation presented to this house since the dawn of democracy.” The leading opposition party Democratic Alliance (DA) has criticized the bill stating nine million of the 60 million South Africans who have health insurance would have to be covered by an already overburdened public health system. (“South African MPs pass ‘revolutionary’ health bill,” BBC, 14 June 2023)
DR Congo: HRW blames M23 militia for the killings
On 14 June, Al Jazeera reported that Human Rights Watch (HRW) accused the M23 rebel group of committing murder, rape, and other war crimes in the eastern part of DR Congo. The report by HRW on 13 June specified that the M23 militia committed eight unlawful killings and 14 cases of rape since late 2022. HRW stated: “The United Nations Security Council should add M23 leaders, as well as Rwandan officials who are assisting the abusive armed group, to the council’s existing sanctions list.” (“HRW accuses M23 militia of rape, finds mass graves in DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 14 June 2023)
Sudan: Ethnic and sexual violence in Darfur concerns UN
On 14 June, BBC reported that UN chief Antonio Guterres was dismayed over the large-scale reports of violence in the Darfur region of Sudan and called for the warring factions to commit to a firm cessation of conflict. Guterres stressed the need to end looting and widen the aid access for nine million people in Darfur. The Special Representative of the Secretary-General for Sudan, Volker Perthes, stated that the attacks were carried out by Arab militia and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Further, Saudi Arabia has announced to jointly lead a conference for humanitarian response in Sudan. ("UN chief 'appalled' by Darfur's ethnic and sexual violence," BBC, 14 June 2023
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Benin: Recruits additional soldiers to combat jihadists
On 13 June, BBC reported that the Government of Benin has recruited more than 5000 soldiers owing to the rise in militant attacks on its northern border with Burkina Faso. The jihadists were present in Park W, a protected forest area across the borders of Benin, Burkina Faso, and Niger. The recruits are required to know at least one regional language and will undergo training for six months. Islamist extremists have caused millions of people to flee their homes across the Sahel region of West Africa, and their attacks have killed thousands of people. ("Benin recruits more soldiers to fight jihadists," BBC, 13 June)
Eritrea: Resumes its activity in East Africa bloc after 16 years
On 13 June, the Eritrea Information Minister, Yemane Meskel, stated that Asmara has resumed its activity in the East African Bloc, Intergovernmental Authority on Development(IGAD). Additionally, Meskel stated that the country was ready to function toward peace, stability, and regional integration. Eritrea quit the regional bloc in 2007 to express its objections to Ethiopian forces being sent to Somalia to drive out al-Shabab extremists. The country participated in the 14th Ordinary Summit organised by the seven-nation bloc in Djibouti on 12 June. (“Eritrea rejoins east Africa trade and security bloc IGAD after 16 years,” Africanews, 13 June 2023)
Mozambique: Offers to supply electricity to SA amid crisis
On 13 June, BBC reported that Mozambique has offered to provide 100 MW of electricity to South Africa to overcome its supply deficit and regular blackouts. Mozambique’s Minister of Mineral Resources and Energy, Carlos Zacarias, stated that the commercial agreement detailing the price along with the process and schedule of the distribution of electricity to Pretoria would conclude shortly. Additionally, Zacarias stated that within six months it would make available additional energy of 600 MW. The South African Minister of Energy, Kgosientsho Ramokgoba, stated that he was happy with the prompt response of the Government of Mozambique. (“Mozambique boosts SA power supply amid crisis,” BBC, 13 June 2023)
South Africa: US lawmakers demand to transfer US-Africa trade summit from the country
On 13 June, Al Jazeera reported that US congressmen have demanded that the US-Africa trade meeting scheduled for later this year should take place elsewhere due to South Africa's deepening military relationship with Russia. The US congressmen stated: “We are seriously concerned that hosting the 2023 AGOA Forum in South Africa would serve as an implicit endorsement of South Africa’s damaging support for Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.” South Africa will be hosting the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) summit in Johannesburg, which would put together African leaders and US officials to discuss the long run of the initiative, which ends in 2025. South Africa under AGOA made shipments of nearly USD one billion to the US, making it the second-largest beneficiary of the policy after Nigeria. (“US lawmaker group wants S Africa punished over Russia ties,” Al Jazeera, 13 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Authorities extend the deadline for the Zimbabwean work permit
On 12 June, Africanews reported that the South African authorities extended the deadline until December 2023 to apply for working visas and waivers. There were about 178,000 holders of the Zimbabwean Extension Permits in Pretoria. Several migrants were deported as they failed to obtain working visas due to online glitches, administrative backlogs, and the removal of their occupation from the country's scarce skill list. Home Affairs Minister Aaron Motoaledi stated that between 1000 and 1500 Zimbabweans applied for visas and waivers. The Zimbabwean Embassy in South Africa has received more than 10,000 registrations to receive assistance to return to Zimbabwe by June 2023. ("South Africa: legal stay extended for thousands of Zimbabweans," Africanews, 12 June 2023)
Ghana: Regains the position as Africa’s largest gold producer
On 12 June, BBC reported that Ghana regained its position as the largest producer of gold following a 32 per cent production surge last year. The Ghana Chamber of Mines stated that the country's gold output increased from 79 tonnes to 105 tonnes. Further, the Ghana Chamber credited small-scale and large-scale mining for its increase in production. However, the country is confronted with an environmental crisis owing to illegal small-scale gold mining. The government has stated that illegal mining has posed a threat to the country's water resources and the cocoa sector. The government has deployed soldiers in the mining areas. ("Ghana back as Africa's top gold producer," BBC, 12 June 2023)
Tunisia: EU pledges USD one billion to address migration
On 12 June, BBC reported that a delegation of European leaders had agreed to over USD one billion of financial assistance to Tunisia for border management, search and rescue, and return of migrants. Head of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen, Italian Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni, and Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte have held discussions with Tunisian President Kais Saied. Prime Minister Meloni expressed her intention to break the migration system. President Saied objected to Tunisia's role as a border guard of Europe. ("EU promises over $!bn Tunisia aid to stem migration," BBC, 12 June)
Democratic Republic of Congo: More than 45 people were killed in a displacement camp
On 12 June, Al Jazeera reported that a coalition of militia groups called the Cooperative for the Development of the Congo (CODECO) killed more than 45 displaced people at the Lala displacement site in the Djugu region. The UN Peacekeeping mission stated: “This attack constitutes a serious violation of international law and wishes to recall that deliberate attacks against civilian populations can constitute war crimes”. Additionally, the mission extended its condolences to the victims' families. ("More than 45 killed in attack on DR Congo displacement camp: UN," Al Jazeera, 12 June 2023)
Nigeria: President Tinubu addresses the end of fuel subsidies
On 12 June, Africanews reported that Nigerian President Bola Tinubu addressed the citizens to cooperate as prices of petrol, transport, and food soared due to the abolition of fuel subsidies which were costing billions of euros. Tinubu stated that the government will increase its investments in transportation infrastructure, education, electricity supply, healthcare, and other public services. Nigeria is largely dependent on imported fuel due to its failing state refineries. Following the subsidy abolition, the country must cope with fuel and electricity shortages which force them to use generators or withstand a lack of power supply, and the cost of a liter of petrol has risen from 190 naira to around 540 naira. ("Nigeria president calls for patience amidst the end of fuel subsidies," Africanews, 12 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Senegal: Restricts the protests by Ousmane Sonko's supporters
On 9 June, BBC reported that the officials in Dakar had banned protests supporting the opposition leader Ousmane Sonko. Sonko was sentenced to two years in prison for corrupting youth. Senegal's penal code describes corruption as promoting the depravity of young people under the age of 21. The two-year jail term sparked violence which claimed the lives of 16 people and injured hundreds last week. Additionally, supporters claimed that the allegations were a plot against him standing for the presidential elections in 2024. ("Senegal bans protests by Ousmane Sonko's supporters," BBC, 9 June 2023)
South Sudan: Intercommunal fighting causes the death of 13 people
On 9 June, Al Jazeera reported that a clash erupted between two ethnic communities in the camp for displaced people located in Malakal, Upper Nile. A man from the Shilluk community was stabbed to death on 8 June which sparked riots. There were more than 50,000 people in the camp. UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) spokesperson Ben Malor stated that 13 people were reported dead. Furthermore, Malor stated that UNMISS and South Sudan's army have increased security around the camp. The violence has been prominent in the areas despite the peace deal in 2018. (“Fighting in South Sudan camp leaves 13 displaced people dead: UN,” Al Jazeera, 9 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
South Africa: President Ramaphosa and Putin discuss peace mission bid
On 8 June, BBC reported that South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and Russian President Vladimir Putin discussed the forthcoming peace mission by six African leaders regarding the Russia-Ukraine war. The leaders of Comoros, Egypt, Senegal, Uganda, and Zambia are involved in the peace bid. The leaders discussed ways of bringing an end to the conflict and agreed to engage with Putin and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on a ceasefire. A separate Russia-Africa summit has been scheduled for the end of July 2023 in St. Petersburg. ("Putin welcomes African peace mission bid- SA leader," BBC, 8 June 2023)
Ethiopia: The US stops the food aid
On 8 June, BBC reported that the US suspended food aid to Ethiopia citing a diversion of funds. The US Agency for International Development (USAID) stated: “We made the difficult but necessary decision that we cannot move forward with distribution of food assistance until reforms are in place.” The USAID stated that some officials have diverted the aid using military units across the country. Meanwhile, more than 20 million people need food aid due to the drought and the recent northern Tigray war. (“US suspends food aid to Ethiopia over fraud fears,” BBC, 8 June 2023)
Sudan: Attack on Saudi Arabia embassy
On 8 June, BBC reported that the Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs condemned the armed groups for invading and vandalising its embassy in Khartoum. Saudi Arabia and the US have been involved in peace talks with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the clashes erupted in mid-April 2023. The Saudi Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the kingdom rejects all forms of violence and vandalism against diplomatic mission representations. Saudi Arabia and the US have been involved in peace talks with the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the clashes erupted in mid-April 2023. The US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, visited Sudi Arabia on 7 June where two countries pledged to continue efforts to end the fighting in Sudan. (“Saudi Arabia condemns attack on its embassy in Sudan,” BBC, 8 June 2023)
Sudan: The area near the arms factory in Khartoum has been set ablaze
On 8 June, BBC reported that clashes between Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army had caused a widespread fire near an arms factory in the Yarmouk area of Khartoum. Images from NASA indicate heat signatures from several locations in the area. The RSF had taken control of the area and blamed the army for causing the inferno. The Sudanese armed forces (SAF) have not officially commented on the incident. ("Huge blazes seen in Sudan's capital near arms factory," BBC, 8 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin A and Ryan Marcus
Tunisia: Italy's Prime Minister discusses the issue of Tunisian migration
On 7 June, BBC reported that Italian Prime Minister Girgia Meloni visited Tunisia to address the issue of irregular migration. The Italian Prime Minister, Giorgia Meloni, warned that Europe could witness a huge migration wave due to irregular migration. Additionally, Meloni discussed the border surveillance and repatriation of undocumented migrants. Meloni pledged to grant USD 750 million in aid to Tunisia to avoid an economic meltdown in Tunisia and to address the illegal migration issue. ("Italy's far-right prime minister visits Tunisia to discuss migration," BBC, 7 June 2023)
Algeria: UN Security Council elects the country as a non-permanent member
On 7 June, BBC reported that Algeria has been elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council representing Africa. The country will serve from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025. The country would join Ecuador, Japan, Mozambique, and Switzerland as non-permanent members. ("Sierra Leone, Algeria elected to UN Security Council," BBC, 7 June 2023)
South Africa: Pretoria welcomes Portuguese president
On 7 June, Africanews reported that the Portuguese President, Marcelo Rebelo De Sousa, visited South Africa to commemorate the National Day of Lisbon with the Portuguese diaspora. The countries signed a defence cooperation agreement and discussed the ongoing conflict with Mozambique. Additionally, the two countries discussed opportunities of mutual benefit in science and innovation, education, and energy. During a press conference, President Cyril Ramaphosa elaborated on the previous meeting with the heads of state of Zambia, Senegal, the Republic of Congo, Uganda, and Egypt and confirmed their visit to Kyiv and Moscow for a peace mission to resolve the Ukrainian crisis. ("Portuguese President on a State Visit to South Africa," Africanews, 7 June 2023)
Sierra Leone: UN Security Council elects the country as a non-permanent member
On 7 June, BBC reported that Sierra Leone had been elected as a non-permanent member of the United Nations Security Council representing Africa. The two countries will serve from 1 January 2024 to 31 December 2025. The Sierra Leone President, Julius Maada Bio, stated the election was a generational accomplishment and stated that it represents our unique success as a democratic and peaceful country of resilience that had successfully transitioned from war to peace. ("Sierra Leone, Algeria elected to UN Security Council," BBC, 7 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Nigeria: Trade union movement suspends strike
On 6 June, Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC) President Joe Ajaero stated that the nationwide strike scheduled for 7 June will be postponed to allow for additional time for negotiations with the government. The strike has been called to protest a significant increase in fuel prices as a result of the government's decision to stop subsidising it. Some of the proposals made by labour unions include an increase in the minimum wage and tax breaks for workers. The price of transportation, food, and other commodities has risen as a result of the increase in the price of fuel, despite the fact that the minimum wage is around USD 65. (“Nigeria's unions suspend strike over fuel subsidy,” BBC, 6 June 2023)
DRC: Congolese died in air strikes in Sudan
On 6 June, the Foreign Affairs Ministry of the Democratic Republic of Congo reported that 10 of its citizens were killed in air strikes in Sudan. The air strikes bombarded the campus of the International University of Africa in Khartoum. Minister Christophe Lutundula stated that the air strikes were carried out by the Sudanese army. Additionally, Lutundula asked the authorities to provide more information about the incident. DR Congo’s government demanded a humanitarian corridor to allow it to evacuate its wounded citizens and people isolated in Khartoum. (“Air strikes on Sudan campus kill Congolese - government,” BBC, 6 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Senegal: Over 350 people sustain injuries during clashes
On 5 June, the Red Cross in Senegal reported that almost 360 people were injured in the violence which broke out after the Senegal court sentenced Ousmane Sonko to two years in jail for corrupting youth. Additionally, 16 people were declared dead in clashes between protesters and security in the capital, Dakar, and in the city of Zinguinchor on 1 June. The government has banned mobile internet access in order to prevent subversive messages from being shared. (“Over 350 were injured in Senegal clashes - Red Cross,” BBC, 5 June 2023)
Libya: Egyptian migrants send back to the country
On 5 June, BBC reported that thousands of Egyptian migrants were deported back to Cairo. Further, 4,000 migrants have been found during raids on people traffickers in the east of Libya. According to an Egyptian security source, just around half of those detained were in Libya illegally, and they were the only ones deported. The migration agencies stated that there are approximately 500,000 migrants in Libya, many of whom are attempting to travel to Europe by boat, while others have found jobs and established themselves in the nation. (“Libya expels thousands of Egyptian migrants,” BBC, 5 June 2023)
South Africa: Eight people died in a shooting
On 5 June, Africanews reported that gunmen broke into a men’s hostel near the city of Durban on 3 June. The South African Police Service stated that eight people were dead and two others were injured during the shooting. South Africa has one of the world's highest homicide rates, and there has been a rash of mass shootings in recent years. Earlier this year, at least two mass shootings were reported. According to official crime figures, 30 people were killed by firearms in South Africa per day in the first three months of 2023. During the same three months, authorities reported over 4,000 occurrences of illegal gun or ammunition possession. (“8 dead in South Africa shooting at men’s hostel near Durban,” Africanews, 5 June 2023)
Malawi: Human Rights Watch demands to stop relocating refugees
On 5 June, BBC reported that Human Rights Watch (HRW) asked the government to reverse its actions and return the 902 people who were picked up and taken to the Dzalek refugee camp 40 kilometres outside the capital, Lilongwe. Additionally, HRW claimed that many people were forced to close their enterprises and were imprisoned before being taken away. There have also been instances of minor refugees being imprisoned and other refugees being beaten and having their possessions taken. The Malawi government followed the encampment policy that detained and forcibly moved refugees and asylum seekers across the country violating basic human rights. (“Malawi must stop dumping refugees - Human Rights Watch,” BBC, 5 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Senegal: Nine dead in lethal clashes
On 2 June, Al Jazeera reported that nine people were killed in clashes between riot police and supporters of Ousmane Sonko after he was sentenced to two years in prison by a Senegal court. Cars and buses were set on fire in Dakar, while disturbances were reported from other places, including Ziguinchor, where Sonko has served as mayor since 2022. Interior Minister Antonie Diome stated: “We have noted, with regret, violence that has led to the destruction of public and private property and, unfortunately, nine deaths in Dakar and Zinguinchor.” The sentence may disqualify Sonko from contesting next year’s presidential elections. (“Nine dead as protests rock Senegal after Sonko jail sentence,” Al Jazeera, 2 June 2023)
Sudan: Clashes continue despite US sanctions
On 2 June, BBC reported that the fighting between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) continued in Khartoum despite US sanctions. The army had resumed air strikes and was using more artillery to clear the paramilitaries off the streets. The army announced that the reinforcements were brought from other parts of Sudan to Khartoum. Meanwhile, there were no signs of RSF retreating from the occupied streets and houses. (“No sign of RSF fleeing shelling - Khartoum residents,” BBC, 2 June 2023)
Benin: Hike in petrol prices as Nigeria ends fuel subsidies
On 2 June, BBC reported that petrol prices in Benin doubled after Nigeria declared the end of the fuel subsidies. The subsided petroleum products were regularly smuggled into Benin which serve a large part of the population. The smuggled gasoline was sold by the roadside and considered cheaper than fueling up at stations. The announcement of the end of fuel subsidies by Nigerian President Bola Tinubu in his inauguration speech triggered panic buying and a surge in fuel prices. (“Benin petrol prices soar as Nigeria moves to end subsidy,” BBC, 2 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Senegal: Court sentences opposition leader Ousmane Sonko
On 1 June, Al Jazeera reported that the Senegal court sentenced the opposition leader Ousmane Sonko two years in jail for corrupting the youth. Sonko was found guilty of a criminal offence for immoral behaviour towards individuals under the age of 21 by the court. Protests erupted in Senegal’s capital, Darkar, with Sonko’s supporters condemning the charges against him as politically motivated. Justice Minister Ismaila Madior Fall stated: “The sentence must be carried out. This is an absentia case, and the measure can be carried out at any time.” (“Senegal’s Sonko can be arrested ‘at any time’: Justice minister,” Al Jazeera, 1 June 2023)
Sudan: 17 people died in a rocket attack at a market
On 1 June, BBC reported that 17 people were killed and 106 people were wounded by a rocket attack in a market south of the capital Khartoum. This is the highest number of individuals killed by shelling since fighting began on 15 April between the Sudanese army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The shelling raised the total number of civilian deaths in the conflict to 883. (“Rocket attack kills 17 in Sudan market - medics,” BBC, 1 June 2023)
Zimbabwe: Parliament passes bill to punish unpatriotic acts
On 1 June, Zimbabwe's parliament passed a contentious bill that will penalize citizens for unpatriotic behaviour by imposing high penalties or even the death penalty. The controversial revisions were enacted as part of a series of reforms to the Criminal Law Act. The patriotic clause of the Criminal Law Act aims to punish those who harm the national interest of Zimbabwe. The bill has been criticized as unconstitutional since it would infringe on freedom of association and free speech. (“Zimbabwe passes bill to punish 'unpatriotic acts',” BBC, 1 June 2023)
Sudan: US sanctions Sudanese firms linked to the warring sides
On 1 June, Al Jazeera reported that the US government issued its first sanctions targeted over Sudanese firms and various individuals for fuelling the conflict between the warring factions in Khartoum. US Treasury Secretary Janet Yellen stated: “Through sanctions, we are cutting off key financial flows to both the Rapid Support Forces and the Sudanese Armed Forces, depriving them of resources needed to pay soldiers, rearm, resupply, and wage war in Sudan. The United States stands on the side of civilians against those who perpetrate violence towards the people of Sudan.” The US sanctions targeted enterprises held by Rapid Support Forces (RSF) chief Mohamed Hamdan in the UAE and Sudan's capital Khartoum, as well as two defence firms related to the Sudanese army, which is led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan. (“US imposes first sanctions over Sudan conflict,” Al Jazeera, 1 June 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
South Sudan: UN extends sanctions for a year
On 31 May, BBC reported that the UN Security Council voted to extend the arms embargo and sanctions imposed on South Sudan for a year. The council passed the sanctions on 30 May with ten votes in favour and five members abstaining. The countries that abstained were China, Russia, Ghana, Gabon, and Mozambique. The UN member states were directed to restrict the direct or indirect supply, sale, or transfer of armaments to South Sudan. The council expressed its concern over the continued intensification of violence, prolonging the political insecurity, economic, and humanitarian crisis in most parts of the country. Representative of South Sudan to the UN, Akuei Bona Malwal stated that the sanctions were done in “bad faith and ill intention.” (“UN extends sanctions on South Sudan for a year,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
Sudan: Withdrawal of Sudanese Armed Forces from peace talks
On 31 May, Sudanese officials reported that the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) suspended truce talks with the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) accusing the group of frequent violation of previous truce agreements. The decision appears to end the extended ceasefire mediated by the US and Saudi Arabia for enabling humanitarian access that both warring sides accepted on 29 May. The army accuses the paramilitary of never implementing a single one of the provisions of a short-term ceasefire which required their withdrawal from hospitals and residential buildings, and have repeatedly violated the truce. However, neither the army nor the RSF has publicly commented on the alleged retreat. (“Sudan army withdraws from truce talks – sources,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
Burundi: Nuclear energy deal with Russia
On 31 May, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Burundi’s Foreign Minister Albert Shingiro in Bujumbura on 30 May. Lavrov stated that the preparation for the nuclear energy inter-governmental deal between Russia and Burundi was in its final stage. Previously, in November 2022, the two countries had signed a nuclear energy roadmap deal in which Russia pledged to assist Burundi in the establishment of nuclear power stations. Additionally, Lavrov stated: “The roadmap on nuclear energy has already been signed between Rosatom, a Russian state energy corporation, and its Burundian partners. Both parties committed to cooperating in the peaceful use of nuclear energy.” (“Russia-Burundi nuclear energy deal in final stage - Lavrov,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
Zimbabwe: Announcement of general election
On 31 May, President Emmerson Mnangagwa announced that Zimbabwe would have its presidential and parliamentary elections on 23 August and a presidential run-off vote if required on 2 October. The election proclamation came amid rising tensions ahead of the elections as the opposition party, Citizen Coalition for Change (CCC), demanded an audit into the voters' roll. The opposition stated that the voters' roll has been missing names, including some of its officials and voters being moved several kilometres away from their wards of residence. The electoral body stated that the ongoing voters' roll inspection would resolve the aberrations. (“Zimbabwe election set for 23 August,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
Central African Republic: Constitutional referendum to remove the president's term limit
On 31 May, President Faustin-Archange Touadera announced 30 July as the date for the referendum on a new constitution that would allow him to seek a new term in 2025. Currently, the president can only serve two four-year terms. Touadera stated that the current constitution has provisions that compromise the country’s development. The opposition parties criticised the constitutional referendum citing it as a move to allow Touadera to run for a third term. The former prime minister and opposition leader, Nicholas Tiangaye, stated: “This new constitution will be written so that Touadera remains president for life.” (“CAR plan to scrap term limits goes to referendum,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
Burkina Faso: 40 killed in two separate jihadists attacks
On 31 May, BBC reported that 40 people were killed in two separate attacks by jihadists on 27 and 28 May. The attacks killed around 20 army volunteers near Bourasso which is close to the Malian border and 20 people died in another attack in the same region the next day. Following the violence, the militants were neutralized in an aerial operation by government forces. Prime Minister Apollinaire Kyelem de Tambela stated that his government would never negotiate with the jihadists. (“Forty killed in Burkina Faso attacks - reports,” BBC, 31 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Sudan: Attack on the Libyan embassy
On 30 May, Libya’s foreign ministry condemned an attack on its embassy in Khartoum which was ransacked and looted. Tripoli denounced the assault and looting of the Libyan embassy and expressed its deep regret and displeasure. The Libyan government called on the warring sides in Sudan to reject violence and to protect diplomatic representations. Tripoli stressed its attachment to the stability of Sudan and its people but condemned the attacks on the headquarters of the diplomatic missions in Khartoum. (“Libyan embassy in Khartoum attacked and looted - ministry,” Africanews, 30 May 2023)
Sudan: Clashes continue despite the extension of the ceasefire
On 30 May, Al Jazeera reported that the intense clashes have been continuing on the outskirts of Khartoum after military factions agreed to extend the ceasefire for an additional five days. The residents reported intensive fighting in Khartoum, Omdurman, and Khartoum North hours before the extension was signed and resumed on the outskirts of Khartoum. Army leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan stated that the army had agreed to the ceasefire extension to ease citizens’ access to service. Additionally, he stated: “The army hasn’t used its full deadly power, but it will be forced to do so if the enemy does not obey or listen to the voice of reason.” (“Fighting continues in Sudan a day after ceasefire extended,” Al Jazeera, 30 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
South Africa: President appoints judge to look into weapons supply allegations
On 29 May, Africanews reported that President Cyril Ramaphosa appointed Judge P.M.D. Mojapelo, as the chairman of a three-member panel to investigate the allegations of South Africa supplying ammunition to Russia made by the US. According to the president’s office, the panel was appointed owing to the serious impacts that the allegations could pose to the international relations of South Africa. The panel has been mandated to furnish details of persons aware of the ship’s arrival, the loaded and off-loaded cargo, and their departure and destination. (“South African president appoints judge to oversee the weapons-for-Russia inquiry,” Africanews, 29 May 2023)
Kenya: Russian Foreign Minister visits Nairobi unannounced
On 29 May, Moscow’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that Foreign Affairs Minister Sergey Lavrov would be visiting Nairobi to strengthen Russia-Kenya bilateral relations. Lavrov stated: “During our visit, we will discuss our cooperation in trade, investment, and economic spheres, humanitarian and cultural questions, education, cooperation in the UN, and many other issues.” The visit has been considered a tussle for influence as both Russia and Ukraine try to intensify their ties with the continent of 1.3 billion people. (“Lavrov in surprise Kenya visit after Ukraine FM trip to Africa,” Al Jazeera, 29 May 2023)
Sudan: The warring factions agree to extend the ceasefire
On 29 May, Al Jazeera reported that Sudan’s warring sides agreed to extend the week-long ceasefire as the two key international mediators were dissatisfied with the constant violations of the truce. The five-day extension of the ceasefire was announced in a joint statement by Saudi Arabia and the US. The report stated: “The extension will provide time for further humanitarian assistance, restoration of essential services, and discussion of a potential longer-term extension.” The warring sides were under pressure to extend the expiring ceasefire as the constant violations had impeded the delivery of humanitarian access and restoration of essential services. (“Sudan’s military, RSF agree ceasefire extension,” Al Jazeera, 29 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Mali: Demonstrators demand to end UN peacekeeping mission
On 26 May, Al Jazeera reported that thousands of protestors gathered in Bamako demanding an end to the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilisation Mission in Mali (MUNISMA) that was established to support foreign and local troops battling the armed groups. The rally was organized by the transitional Prime Minister Chogel Maiga and civil society organizations supporting the transitional military government. Malians blamed the mission for failing to protect the population and for not bringing any results. Malians were dissatisfied with the mission of their disagreements with the Malian military government because of their connection with the Kremlin-linked Wagner Group. (“Mali protesters demand exit of UN peacekeeping mission,” Al Jazeera, 26 May 2023)
Mali: The US sanctions the head of the Wagner Group
On 26 May, BBC reported that the US Department of Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control(OFAC) imposed sanctions on the head of Wagner Group, Ivan Aleksandrovich Maslov, for supporting Russia’s war against Ukraine. The US accused the Wagner Group of trying to exploit the abundance of arms in Mali. The Treasury Department imposed sanctions by accusing Maslov of acquiring military equipment for the war in Ukraine through the operations of the Wagner Group in Mali. The US Treasury Department stated: “The Wagner Group's presence on the African continent is a destabilizing force for any country that allows for the deployment of the group's resources into their sovereign territory.” (“Wagner: US sanctions boss of mercenary group in Mali,” BBC, 25 May 2023)
Somalia: Russia offers support against terrorism
On 26 May, Russian Foreign Minister Sergey Lavrov offered assistance to Somalia in its fight against terrorism, after talks with his Somali Foreign Minister Abshir Omar Jama in Moscow. Lavrov stated that Russia would supply military equipment to the Somali army to assist them in their fight against extremists including al-Shabaab and al-Qaeda. The offer highlighted the growing interest of Russia in seeking alliances with regimes in Africa avoided by the West or facing insurgencies and internal challenges to their rule. (“Russia offers support to Somalian army in fight against terrorist groups,” Africanews, 26 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Sudan: The US accuses Wagner Group of missiles supply
On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that the United States accused Russia’s Wagner Group of prolonging the conflict by providing surface-to-air missiles to the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces(RSF) in Sudan. The US Treasury Department stated that the surface-to-air missiles contributed to a prolonged armed conflict that only resulted in further chaos in the region. The US stated that ongoing conflict would lead to a severe humanitarian crisis and it focuses to reduce the violence and turn the country to civilian rule. (“US accuses Wagner Group of supplying missiles to Sudan’s RSF,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)
Sudan: The warring sides blame each other for violating the truce
On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that clashes between conflicting factions broke out as residents in the cities of Omdurman and Khartoum reported that they heard overnight gunfires and reconnaissance planes. The breaches of the week-long ceasefire agreement have been continuing since its commencement on 22 May which is meant to allow humanitarian aid to reach North African countries. The RSF leader, Mohammed Hamdan Daglo, blamed the army led by Sudan’s de facto leader Abel Fattah al-Burhan for ceasefire breaches stating the army launched a series of unwarranted attacks and the assaults were decisively repelled. The army reported that it resisted an attack on armoured vehicles by RSF in a clear violation of the truce. The spokesperson of the US Department of State, Matthew Miller, stated: “We have continued to see violations of the ceasefire. We retain our sanctions authority and if appropriate we will not hesitate to use that authority.” (“Sudan’s warring sides accuse each other of violating ceasefire,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)
South Africa: Refusal to release cargo documents raise scrutiny
On 25 May, Africanews reported that the South African government faced pressure when a DA lawmaker asked Defense Minister Thandi Modise to release the cargo documents related to the Russian ship but the government refused. African National Congress Secretary General Fikile Mbalula stated: "If it was according to the ANC, we would want President Putin to be here, even tomorrow, to come to our country." The statement added more scrutiny to the allegations of shipping ammunition to Russia. South Africa's main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, challenged the government to prove against the accusations and release the cargo manifest. (“South Africa under more scrutiny over Russian ship as ruling ANC says it would 'welcome' Putin,” Africanews, 25 May 2023)
Sierra Leone: Heavy downpour makes a centuries-old national treasure fall
On 25 May, Al Jazeera reported that torrential rains and storms on 24 May caused the falling of a nearly 400 years old cotton tree that served as a national symbol for decades. The tree was founded by enslaved Africans who returned from the United States. The President of Sierra Leone, Julius Bio, stated: “It was regarded as a symbol of liberty and freedom by early settlers.” Queen Elizabeth II visited it when she came to the country marking its independence from British colonial rule in 1961. The tree even appeared on the country’s banknotes. (“Storm fells symbolic 400-year-old cotton tree in Sierra Leone,” Al Jazeera, 25 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin
Cameroon: More than 30 women kidnapped by separatists
On 24 May, the separatists in Cameroon’s restive north-western region abducted around 30 women, leaving several injured in Big Babanki, a village near the border with Nigeria. The women were kidnapped while protesting against the curfew and taxes imposed on them by the separatists. Separatist leader Capo Daniel said that the women were being punished for allowing themselves to be “manipulated” by the Cameroon government. The military said that troops have been deployed to secure the abducted women. The country is facing conflicts since the 2017 rebellion launched by the English-speaking separatists. (“Over 30 women abducted by separatists in Cameroon,” BBC, 24 May 2023)
South Africa: “I Would supply weapons to Russia”, says leader of Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF)
On 24 May, Julius Malema, the leader of the Economic Freedom Fighters (EEF), South Africa’s third largest party, said that Russia is at war with imperialism and he “would supply weapons to Russia.” He also insisted that South Africa is an ally of Russia and the non-alignment position of the ANC government applies only to the war in Ukraine. Further, the party wants the withdrawal of South Africa from the International Criminal Court (ICC) as it recently issued an arrest warrant to Putin. These comments came on the sidelines of the recent allegations by the US ambassador towards South Africa that they were loading ammunition and weapons inside a Russian vessel in December. (“I would supply weapons to Russia - SA's Julius Malema,” BBC, 24 May 2023)
Ghana: The country will soon resume borrowing, says President
On 24 May, Mr Akufo-Addo, President of Ghana said at the Qatar-Africa Economic Forum in Doha that since Ghana is facing its worst economic crisis, it will start borrowing funds from global savings. The government which is under criticism for extensive borrowing was excluded from the international capital market due to its huge debt. But it can be accessed hereafter following last week’s USD 3 billion bailout by the IMF. The economic position is being blamed on the Ukraine-Russia war and the Covid pandemic. However, he mentioned that the government will reduce its expenditure and create more domestic revenue. (“Ghana to soon start borrowing again - president,” BBC, 24 May 2023)
Algeria: Political opponent KarimTabbou arrested
On 24 May, Africanews reported on the arrest of the Algerian opposition leader, KarimTabbou on 23 May. He was also a leading figure in the pro-democracy Hirak movement that happened in 2019. The movement aimed to completely overthrow the ruling system since Algeria became an independent country in 1962. In 2020, Mr. Tabbou served a one-year prison term over a video on his party’s Facebook account that was “undermining national security”. According to the CNLD (National Committee for the Liberation of Detainees), several with connections to the Hirak movement or those who defend individual freedoms have been arrested in Algeria. (“Prominent Algerian opposition figure arrested again,” Africanews, 24 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Sudan: Air Strikes and clashes persist despite ceasefire
On 23 May, BBC reported that air strikes and clashes continued in Khartoum which weakened the latest attempt at a ceasefire. The new seven-day truce came into effect on 22 May. The truce came about as a result of formal talks facilitated by Saudi Arabia and the United States. According to a US-Saudi statement, the new agreement would be enforced by a ceasefire monitoring mechanism, which acknowledged prior failures to maintain peace. Gen Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo issued an audio message right before the truce came into effect stating that his troops would not retreat until they end the coup. (“Sudan conflict: Air strikes and clashes as new ceasefire begins,” BBC, 23 May 2023)
Morocco: Ukrainian foreign minister visits Rabat
On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that the meeting between Ukrainian foreign minister Dmytro Kuleba and Moroccan Foreign Minister Nasser Bourita happened at Rabat on 22 May, to enhance bilateral cooperation. The key point of discussion included the situation of Moroccan students in Ukraine, coordination between the two countries with a renewed emphasis on political dialogue and economic cooperation, trade facilitation, food security, territorial integrity, and regional security. Kuleba and Bourita signed a memorandum of understanding and exchange program intended to improve diplomats' awareness of one another's foreign policy, particularly concerning Africa. (“Ukrainian and Moroccan FMs meet in Rabat,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)
Mali: US accuses Mali as Wagner group’s transit route
On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that the United States Department of State accused Russia’s Wagner mercenary force of using false paperwork to ship military equipment through Mali. State Department spokesperson Mathew Miller stated: “We have been informed that Wagner is seeking to transit material acquisitions to aid Russia’s war through Mali and is willing to use false paperwork for these transactions. In fact, there are indications that Wagner has been attempting to purchase military systems from foreign suppliers and route these weapons through Mali as a third party.” Additionally, Miller stated that these accusations have not yet been proven and added that the US has been imposing sanctions on entities supporting Wagner’s military operations. (“US says Russia’s Wagner force eyes Mali as route for war supplies,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)
Ethiopia: Protestors demand the withdrawal of Eritrean troops
On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that there were mass demonstrations in northern Ethiopia’s Tigray region demanding the return of the displaced population due to the war and the withdrawal of foreign forces as the conflict had ended with a truce signed in November 2022. The battle between the federal troops and the Tigrayan forces left thousands of people dead. Millions of people were forced from their homes and their places were occupied by security forces and fighters. The Eritrean troops which were not mentioned in the truce continued to operate in several border towns. (“Protesters in Ethiopia’s Tigray demand Eritrean troops withdraw,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)
Sudan: Ceasefire appears to bring relative calm in the region
On 23 May, BBC reported that following the ceasefire agreed between the warring factions, the airstrikes targeting the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been stopped. El Geneina and Nyala, two cities in the Darfur region face relative calmness after days as they were badly affected by the conflict. The residents say that after five weeks of conflict, there is relative peace in the region. However, there were immediate breaches of the ceasefire by the military forces on 22 May. While the previous ceasefires collapsed, the latest one seems to be efficient as it is backed by a monitoring mechanism. (“Sudan ceasefire: Khartoum largely quiet, residents say,” BBC, 23 May 2023)
Horn of Africa: Aid agencies support UN’s USD 7 billion for food crisis
On 23 May, Al Jazeera reported that humanitarian agencies support the United Nations’ appeal for USD seven billion for the Horn of Africa as more than 43.3 million people need food assistance in Somalia, Ethiopia, and Kenya due to drought in the region. The UN is convening a high-level pledging event on 24 May where member states and partners will be encouraged to provide financial aid to the Horn of Africa crisis. International Rescue Committee President David Miliband stated: “Efforts to combat food insecurity need to be urgently scaled up across a wider group of governments, international financial institutions, and climate actors.” Additionally, Miliband stated that the appeals have received less than a quarter of the needed donations until now. (“Aid agencies back UN’s $7bn appeal for Horn of Africa food crisis,” Al Jazeera, 23 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Nigeria: Dangote opens Africa’s biggest oil refinery
On 22 May, BBC reported that Africa’s biggest oil refinery opened in Nigeria. The refinery is worth USD 19 billion and has the capacity to produce about 650,000 barrels of petroleum products a day which is more than sufficient to meet the country’s demands. In spite of being a major oil producer, Nigeria exports most of its production and imports refined fuel which causes the fuel shortage in the country. President Muhammadu Buhari stated that the refinery could be a game-changer for the Nigerian people. (“Dangote oil refinery launched in Nigeria,” BBC, 22 May 2023)
South Africa: Cholera outbreak
On 22 May, Al Jazeera reported that an outbreak of Cholera in the province of Gauteng killed ten people and 95 people visited the hospital showing the cholera symptoms. The Gauteng health department stated that lab tests confirmed at least 19 cases of cholera and added that 37 people were admitted in critical condition. The provincial head for health, Nomantu Nkomo-Ralehoko, advised people to take extra precautionary measures and maintain proper hygiene. Additionally, there have been warnings to the residents stating not to drink water from their taps. (“Ten dead, 37 critically ill in SA cholera outbreak,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)
Ukraine’s Foreign Minister tours African countries
On 22 May, Al Jazeera reported that Ukraine Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba started his Africa tour with the main priority to get the support of the African countries on the peace plan introduced by Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky. The visit reflects Kyiv’s diplomatic push to challenge Russian influence in the Global South - Latin America, Africa, and much of Asia. Kuleba stated that the visit aimed to win support for the continuous flow of Ukrainian grain through the Black Sea and secure new venues for Ukrainian business. (“Ukraine courts ‘Global South’ in push to challenge Russia,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)
DRC: President Felix Tshisekedi visits China
On 22 May, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China announced that the President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Felix Tshisekedi, intended to meet the President of China, Xi Jinping, from 24 May to 29 May. The summit aims to formally restructure trade deals between the two countries and finalize a USD six billion infrastructure-for-minerals deal with Chinese investors. The DRC is the world’s largest producer of cobalt which is used in batteries and has substantial deposits of gold, lithium, diamonds, and tantalum. Tshisekedi stated that a task force submitted its conclusions about the deal, enabling dialogues with Chinese partners. (“Trade deal signing expected as DRC leader visits China this week,” Al Jazeera, 22 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Nigeria: Death toll rises; Clashes between herders and farmers still on
On 19 May, Nigeria witnessed a rise in the death toll to 85 from the clashes between herders and farmers also leading to the displacement of thousands. The violence broke out on 15 May in Plateau state which lies between Nigeria’s Muslim-dominated north and Christian-dominated south. The region has witnessed long-standing ethnic and religious violence for years. The reason behind the violence is unknown and the violence doesn't seem to subside. So far five have been arrested by the police in connection to the violence. (“Toll in Nigeria clashes between herders and farmers rises to 85,” The Hindu, 19 May 2023)
Mozambique: USD 150 million granted for cyclone Freddy recovery
On 19 May, Al Jazeera reported on the World Bank sanctioning USD 150 million to support Mozambique in its effort to recover from the grave damages caused by cyclone Freddy. The cyclone killed around 1,000 people when it hit Malawi, Mozambique and Madagascar in late February followed by a landfall again in March. The funds (consisting of USD 100 million in grant money and USD 50 million in credit) are drawn from the World Bank’s existing projects in Mozambique. (“World Bank gives Mozambique $150m for Cyclone Freddy recovery,” Al Jazeera, 19 May 2023)
Nigeria: Communal clashes kills more than 100 people
On 19 May, the fighting between farmers and herders in Nigeria’s north-central state of Plateau increased the death toll above 100. According to residents and local authorities, locals are still in search of more bodies in the bush. The violence took place when a herder and his cattle were killed by farmers who had encroached on the latter’s land in April. The violence is seen as an ethno-religious conflict between nomadic Muslim herders and mainly Christian Indigenous farmers. (“More than 100 people dead in communal clashes in central Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 19 May 2023)
Sudan: Burhan fires Dagalo as his deputy
On 19 May, Sudan’s army chief Lieutenant General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan sacked Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, his deputy and the commander of Rapid Support Forces (RSF). Since the military coup in October 2021, both have served as chairman and deputy of the ruling Sovereign Council. Burhan replaced Dagalo with former rebel leader Malik Agar who is also a Sovereign Council member. He further ordered the immediate effect of the decree issued. (“Sudan's Burhan sacks paramilitary leader as his deputy,” BBC, 19 May 2023
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Ghana: IMF sanctions loan of USD 3 billion
On 18 May, BBC reported that Ghana signed a new bailout program with the International Monetary Fund(IMF) worth USD three billion for a period of three years. Currently, the country's debt now accounts for 90 per cent of the total annual value of the economy, with an inflation rate of 40 per cent. Additionally, the country’s foreign reserves are almost blank which makes it difficult to pay for imports. The program has been expected to slow the rate of inflation and ensure a stable local currency which would result in steady prices of basic commodities, including imported goods. (“Ghana IMF loan: Will USD 3 billion solve the economic crisis?,” BBC, 18 May 2023)
Uganda: Fate of African Nations over Ukraine grain deal
On 18 May, in a top-level meeting between Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and Uganda’s Foreign Minister Jeje Odongo, the latter urged the concerned parties to rethink the stance on the Ukraine black sea grain deal as it affects many African countries. He stated that “We think whatever should be done, should be done in the interests of those in need and not to use their need to the advantage of others.” Lavrov responded: “We would like to understand what specific initiatives President Ramaphosa and his African colleagues, including Uganda’s President Museveni, would like to come up with in order to discuss with us.” (“Uganda's FM urges Moscow to consider plight of African nations over Ukraine grain deal,” Africanews, 18 May 2023)
Somalia: People flee as flood drowns town of Beledweyne
On 18 May, BBC reported on the heavy downpours in central Somalia causing the flooding of the town of Beledweyne. Around 250,000 people fled their homes after the Shabelle River burst. According to Hirshabelle State Interior Minister, 99 per cent of those living in the town and surrounding areas are now homeless. The UN warns that flood could hit Bulo Burde town too which is around 68 miles away. Somalia is just in the recovery path from extreme drought due to the failure of successive rains thus leading to worsening humanitarian conditions. ("Flood engulfs town in central Somalia," BBC, 18 May 2023)
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Nigeria: US embassy personnel under attack
On 17 May, two employees and two police officers were killed during a gunmen attack on a United States convoy in southeast Nigeria. On 16 May, two police officers and a driver were kidnapped in Nigeria’s Anambra state. The number of people in the convoy and the nature of their trip are unclear. The US Department of State later issued a statement that they have initiated an investigation along with the Nigerian security services. According to the police in Ambara, separatists could be responsible for the attack as there is already an ongoing series of violence. (“Gunmen attack convoy of US embassy personnel in Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 17 May 2023)
Sudan: Rising prices and fuel shortages deepen the humanitarian crisis
On 17 May, Africanews reported that the humanitarian crisis has been worsening in the country as vendors and farmers suffer from rising prices and fuel shortages. The farmers in the Al Qalaa region have been unable to transport their vegetables due to fuel shortages. The United Nations Humanitarian Agency, Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA), stated that the price of basic commodities and water has been rising by 60 per cent or more due to supply challenges. (“Vendors, farmers suffer amid rising prices and fuel shortages,” Africanews, 17 May 2023)
Sudan: UN seeks funds for Sudan aid as millions suffer from conflict
On 17 May, BBC reported on the UN seeking some USD three billion to cope with humanitarian activities in Sudan as the conflict doesn't seem to subside. It also expects that more than a million could flee the country due to the fighting and nearly 25 million people accounting for more than half of Sudan’s population are in need of aid and protection. It added that access to aid agencies is difficult and repeated looting of aid supplies and attacks on aid workers are persistent. (“UN seeking $3bn for Sudan aid as fighting rages on,” BBC, 17 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Senegal: Three killed in clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of Ousmane Sonko
On 16 May, BBC reported the death of three in the clashes between Senegalese police and supporters of the opposition politician, Ousmane Sonko, who is facing charges of rape. The protests took place on 15 May following his court appearance for the trial. The latest hearing was adjourned as he denied the charges and refused to turn up. His supporters state the case as a political plot to prevent Sonko from standing in the following presidential election. (“Three killed in Senegal clashes as Sonko snubs trial,” BBC, 16 May 2023)
South Africa: Army chief visits Moscow following US weapons claim
On 16 May, the commander of South Africa’s ground forces visited Moscow just days after facing allegations from the US on loading weapons and ammunition onto a Russian freighter in December. On 15 May, the South African National Defence Force said that the meeting was a part of a “long standing arrangement” and was a “goodwill visit”. It also confirmed that the visit was for a bilateral between the two military establishments. It added that “South Africa has Military to Military bilateral relations with various countries in the continent and beyond” and “receives numerous military delegations into the country and sends its own delegations to other countries.” (“S Africa army chief visits Moscow in wake of US weapons claim,” Al Jazeera, 16 May 2023)
Senegal: Court adjourns the rape trial of Ousmane Sonko
On 16 May, Al Jazeera reported that Ousmane Sonko's rape trial has been adjourned for a week due to his failure to appear in court. Sonko refuted the allegations, claiming that President Macky Sall was attempting to keep him from standing for office in the upcoming elections and asserted his disbelief in the autonomy of the judicial system. A policeman died after being struck by an armoured vehicle during protests in Ziguinchor on 15 May. (“Senegal opposition leader Ousmane Sonko’s rape trial adjourned,” Al Jazeera, 16 May 2023)
Somalia: Flood displaces over 210,000 people
On 16 May, Africanews reported that floodwaters in central Somalia displaced thousands of families from the city of Beledweyne. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs(OCHA) stated that more than 460,000 people have been affected, including 219,000 people who have been displaced. Important facilities including government offices and hospitals were compelled to close. If the flood persists, there has been concern about an outbreak of malaria and cholera in the region. (“Over 210,000 displaced by flooding in central Somalia,” Africanews, 16 May 2023)
South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa mediates Russia-Ukraine peace plan
On 16 May, President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that six African leaders were planning to visit Russia and Ukraine for a peace talk. Ramaphosa said: “Principle to our discussions are efforts to find a peaceful resolution to the devastating conflict in Ukraine, its cost in human lives, and impact on the African continent. I presented the initiative on behalf of African heads of state from Zambia, Senegal, Congo, Uganda, Egypt, and South Africa.” Additionally, he stated that Russian President Vladimir Putin and Ukraine President Volodymyr Zelensky have agreed to receive the mission, and the African heads of state, in both Moscow and Kyiv. (“Africa pushing Russia-Ukraine peace plan - Ramaphosa,” BBC, 16 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Mali: UN accuses Mali and "foreign" forces of executions in Moura
On 12 May, the UN, in a report published by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights(OHCHR), blamed the Malian army and “foreign” fighters for executing around 500 people in March 2022 during an anti-jihadist action in Moura. The report further states that it had “reasonable grounds to believe that 58 women and girls were victims of rape and other forms of sexual violence.” The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, said that these actions could amount to war crimes and even crimes against humanity “depending on the circumstances.” The term “foreigners” is not clearly identified yet it reminds the official Malian statement on the support of Russian “instructors” in the anti-jihadist actions and also the statement of the head of Russian diplomacy Sergei Lavrov on the presence of a private Russian security company, Wagner group, in Mali. (“Mali: army and “foreign” fighters executed 500 people in 2022 in Moura (UN),” Africanews, 12 May 2023)
Chad: Southern village under attack; 17 killed, several injured
On 12 May, Africanews reported on the “mass killing” by “unidentified armed individuals” in the village of Don, which killed 17 and left 3 injured. The prosecutor’s office of Chad had opened an investigation into the murder and appealed to the witnesses for the identification of the perpetrators. Kabba community, an ethnic group mostly Christian and rely on agriculture form the major inhabitants of the village. Clashes between nomadic Muslim herders and indigenous sedentary farmers, mostly Christians are very common in this region. (“Chad: 17 civilians killed in southern village attack,” Africanews, 12 May 2023)
Sudan: A commitment signed between warring factions for civilian safety
On 12 May, Africanews reported the signing of the “Jeddah Declaration” between the RSF and Sudan’s army on 11 May allowing civilians to leave the conflict zone and uninterrupted supply of humanitarian aid. In Spite of the ongoing clashes, no mention of a ceasefire or truce is mentioned in the declaration. Around 18 aid workers have been killed while helping the civilians and millions are confined within their homes with no basic facilities. As scarcity of money and food creeps in, the UN has warned of soaring hunger. (“Sudan belligerents sign commitment to protect civilians,” Africanews, 12 May 2023)
South Africa: Supplies Arms to Russia, accusation by US
On 12 May, BBC reported that US ambassador Reuben Brigety accused South Africa of supplying weapons to Russia claiming that a Russian ship, Lady R, was loaded with ammunition and arms in Cape Town last December which concerns the country’s stated non-aligned stance on the conflict. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa’s office denied the allegations and said there was no evidence to support the claim. Previously, South Africa abstained from a UN vote condemning the invasion. It also refused to join the US and Europe in imposing sanctions on Russia. South Africa has long-standing ties with Russia because they are members of the BRICS alliance. (“South Africa supplied arms to Russia - US ambassador Reuben Brigety,” BBC, 12 May 2023)
Morocco: Bilateral ties with Portugal
On 13 May, Africanews reported that the 14th Portuguese-Moroccan meeting took place in Lisbon on 12 May. Moroccan Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch and Portuguese Prime Minister Antonio Costa discussed bilateral relations and signed agreements on cooperation, environment, education, and science. Prime Minister Costa emphasised the significance of the labour mobility agreement. (“Morocco, Portugal strengthen bilateral ties,” Africanews, 13 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Sudan: UN examines the human rights abuses
On 11 May, the United Nations Human Rights Council held a one-day emergency session on killings, injuries, and other abuses against civilians in Sudan. A resolution was adopted calling for the immediate cessation of hostilities with no pre-conditions to scrutinise the human rights violations. United Nations High Commissioner Volker Türk accused the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and Rapid Support Force(RSF) of violating international humanitarian law. (“UN rights body approves tighter scrutiny of abuses in Sudan,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)
Sudan: South Sudanese struggles despite fleeing conflict
On 11 May, Africanews reported that more than 40,000 people, majority South Sudanese, fled Sudan due to ongoing conflict. The UN has called for more than USD 95 million in urgent assistance. The people returning are going back to remote villages challenged by limited access to roads, healthcare and food. The World Food Programme has only been able to reach 50 per cent of people facing food insecurity. The war is disrupting supply chains leading to inflation. (“South Sudanese flee Sudan's conflict yet return to crisis,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)
Zambia: Discusses economic ties with France
On 11 May, africanews reported that French President Emmanuel Macron and Zambia President Hakainde Hichilema discussed the restructuring of Zambia’s debt and economic diplomacy between countries on 10 May in France. Hichilema said: “Our continent, Africa, has been lagging. We must do something dramatic to lift Africa. We cannot continue with the old ways. And that’s why, in our talks with President Macron, as I said, it was a debt issue, but also for investment, for trade.” He added that Zambia was ready for business and the country has opportunities to offer in sectors including energy, minerals, and agriculture. Further, he stated that he is not anyone's puppet and that he works with other nations to promote mutual interests following the accusation of him being used by Western nations. (“Zambia’s Hichelma discusses debt, economic ties in France,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)
Sub-Saharan Africa: 16.5 million displacements in 2022
On 11 May, africanews reported that the overlapping crises in Africa forced millions of people to flee their countries in 2022. According to a joint report by the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre(IDMC) and Norwegian Refugee Council(NRC), the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa recorded around 16.5 million people displaced in 2022, and more than half of them were displaced due to conflict in DRC and Ethiopia. IDMC Chief Alexandra Bilal said: “Since the start of the most recent conflict in April, we have already recorded the same number of displacements as we did for the whole year in 2022. Clearly, it’s a very volatile situation on the ground.” Bilal pointed out that more than 3 million people have already been displaced across Sudan in 2023. (“16.5 million displacements recorded across sub-saharan Africa in 2022- report,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)
Mali: Soldiers killed in ambush
On 11 May, six Malian soldiers were killed and nine were injured this week in an ambush on a Malian army detachment near Bamako in the west of the country. According to the police source, the soldiers were attacked near the town of Badala, around 130 km from the capital. The nature of the attack and the identity of the assailants were not specified. It added that the soldiers’ retaliation left “several dead.” A local politician who confirmed the death toll said that the attack was carried out by “terrorists”, a term which is used in Mali to indicate Jihadists. Since 2012, there has been a significant spread of jihadism and complex political, economic and humanitarian crisis in Mali. (“Malian soldiers killed in ambush,” Africanews, 11 May 2023)
Guinea: Police fires at the protestors; nearly 7 killed and 32 wounded
On 11 May, nearly 7 people were killed and 32 injured in the anti-military government protests that took place in Conakry, the capital of Guinea. Police in riot gear came down with a heavy hand on the rioters as rocks and burned tyres were thrown at police. A new series of protests is being planned in the face of the killings. Nzerekore, a city in the southeast and the central town of Dabola too witnessed small-scale protests. The opposition parties and civil society groups said in a joint statement that arrests were reported. They added that a second day of peaceful demonstrations would be held as planned. There were no responses to the allegations from the military rulers so far. Guinea is facing widespread protests and deadly clashes since the military took over in a string of coups since 2020. (“At least seven people killed by police gunfire in Guinea protests,” Al Jazeera, 11 May 2023 )
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Democratic Republic of Congo: 16 killed in multiple landslides in eastern DRC
On 10 May, an overnight landslide due to the recent downpours killed 10 people in Lubero territory in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. DRC’s Communication Minister Patrick Muyaya said that on 8 May that at least six people died in a landslide in Songambele mine near the town of Rubaya in North Kivu province. A day of national mourning to mark the disaster was declared on 8 May by President Felix Tshisekedi. An outbreak of cholera is anticipated in the region due to lack of sanitation facilities. Neighbouring Rwanda also witnessed flooding and landslides killing nearly 130 people. (“At least 16 people killed in multiple landslides in eastern DRC,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: Talks commence on the usage of Uganda crude oil pipeline
On 10 May, DRC’s Ministry of Hydrocarbons stated that the country initiated discussions with Uganda on the East African country’s crude oil pipeline to export petroleum into international markets. The DRC Ministry of Hydrocarbons tweeted: “Uganda acknowledged the crucial requirement of DRC to access the East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) for the transport of crude oil to be produced from the oil exploration blocks located in the Albertine Garden in the Democratic Republic of Congo.” A spokesperson for Uganda’s energy minister confirmed that neighbouring countries such as DRC, Sudan, and Tanzania could also use EACOP. (“DR congo in discussions with Uganda over the use of the crude pipeline,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)
Sudan: Continuous fighting and looting, reports from people
On 10 May, BBC reported that fierce fighting occurred in the northern suburbs of Khartoum between the Sudanese Armed Forces(SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces(RSF). The residents of Omdurman said that they could see black smoke across the city and hear the sounds of heavy shelling and artillery. Some residents claim that shells have fallen at the famous al-Mahdi mosque. The lack of food and money made people involved in ransacking the outlets in the country amidst conflict. (“Ferocious battles and looting in Sudan- residents,” BBC, 10 May 2023)
Senegal: Latest agitations leave one dead and 30 injured
On 10 May, a fresh wave of protests in the Ngor neighbourhood of the Senegalese capital, Dakar, killed a 15-year-old girl and left 30 people injured. The protest erupted when the locals demanded the construction of a high school instead of a police station and the police subsequently confronted them. This unrest took place along with the general demonstrations called by Ousmane Sonko, major opposition leader, who was sentenced to jail for defaming a minister, threatening his candidacy in the upcoming presidential elections. The deputy mayor of Ngor, Souley Mbengue, said to Al Jazeera: “This is not a political protest and what is happening is incomprehensible to us we don’t understand. All we want is a high school, and not a police station.” (“One dead, 30 injured in new wave of unrest in Senegal,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)
Guinea: Intensive clashes between police and anti-junta protestors
On 10 May, the anti-junta protestors faced tear gas attacks from the riot police. As a part of retaliation, the police were stoned by the youngsters and barricades were burnt. The confrontations left nearly 10 injured. The northern town of Labe and Nzerekore in the south-east also had demonstrations. Since the coup in 2021 that led to the overthrowing of President Alpha Conde by Lieutenant Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, the commander of the country’s special forces, the major demand by the protestors is the reinstatement of civilian rule in the country. (“Guinea police fire tear gas at anti-junta protesters,” BBC, 10 May 2023)
Sudan: Cost hike of essential commodities due to disrupted supply chains
On 10 May, Africanews reported that the United Nations Humanitarian Agency noted that there is a price hike up to 60 per cent and more for essential commodities like fuel, food staples and water as the supply chains are disrupted due to the fighting in Khartoum and other parts of Sudan. Since Khartoum is a hub for industries and services, the clashes have hindered the economic process which has added to the existing years of spiking inflation, sharp currency devaluations and the stagnant economy. Trade operations have closed and major ports have halted operations as a result of the clashes. With the continued fighting, the economic situation is expected to deteriorate further. (“Sudan: “Price of basic commodities go up by 60 per cent as fighting escalates,” Africanews, 10 May 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: President Felix Tschiskedi visits Botswana
On 10 May, Africanews reported the onset of a state visit by DRC’s President Felix Tschiskedi to Botswana on 9 May. The office of the President of the Republic of Botswana stated that the visit will ensure the deepening of bilateral cooperation and discussion of continental integration. The visit came after the Southern African Development Community (SADC), a 16-member group came to an agreement to deploy forces to help bring down violence in the eastern DRC. Tschiskedi stated upon his visit that he would ensure arrangements for the coming of SADC troops and also criticized the already deployed contingents from the East African Community (EAC). On 9 May, he said the mandate of EAC’s force ends in June “and if we feel that the mandate was not fulfilled will return them and thank them for having tried.” (“DRC’s president on state visit to Botswana, bilateral ties and security top the agenda,” Africanews, 10 May 2023 )
Somalia: Conflict in disputed Las Anod threatens Somaliland’s diplomatic aims
On 10 May, Al Jazeera reported the fighting in the disputed city of Las Anod which took place on 6 February. The conflict between the forces in the self-declared state of Somaliland and local militia from the Dhulbahante clan in northern Somalia has so far led to 299 casualties leaving 1,913 injured and more than 200,000 displaced. According to analysts, the upheaval can put Somalia's stability at stake and deprive it of its international recognition. A former development worker in Hargeisa, Matthee Gordon, said: “Somaliland may maintain its strategic importance but it will lose its broader legitimacy amongst groups sympathetic to Somaliland’s independence if the conflict persists.” (“Conflict in disputed Las Anod dims Somaliland’s diplomatic dreams,” Al Jazeera, 10 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Sudan: 16 dead in ethnic clashes followed by imposition of curfew
On 9 May, Sudan’s Suna news agency reported the death of at least 16 people in the ethnic clashes that broke out on 8 May between the two groups, Hausa and Nuba. The governor declared a curfew in the White Nile state. The clashes are not related to the ongoing power tussle; rather, a regular brawl between farmers and herders over access to water and land. The Hausa group claimed that they are discriminated against on the basis of an ancestral law which prohibits them from owning lands. Access to land is a crucial issue as agriculture and livestock account for 43 per cent of jobs and 30 per cent of GDP. With less administration of security due to the coup since 2021, there are recurring instances of inter-ethnic and inter-tribal conflicts. (“Sudan: 16 dead in ethnic clashes, curfew imposed,” Africanews, 9 May 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: Devastating flood affects dozens
On 9 May, Africanews reported the ongoing search for countless people missing in the floods caused by heavy downpours in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The villages are destroyed and bodies are being retrieved from the lake. A Congolese government spokesperson, Patrick Muyaya, confirmed that the latest death toll in the affected villages has reached 401, mostly in Lake Kivu. Greenpeace Africa emphasised on “the necessity for the authorities to work on a national development plan focusing strongly on the risk of flooding in certain areas of the country.” The recurring downpours resulting in deadly floods and other extreme weather conditions are attributed to climate change by the experts. On 6 May, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres noted the grave implications of climate change and its impact on countries that have little contribution to global warming. (“Search for countless missing goes on in DR Congo,” Africanews, 9 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Mali: Long-term resistance to constitutional referendum continues
On 8 May, Al Jazeera reported that several political associations in Mali had joined forces to oppose the government’s decision to hold a referendum on a new constitution scheduled on 18 June. The referendum which was previously planned to be held on 19 March is considered a milestone as it promised elections in February after the coup in 2021. The coalition is demanding the cancellation of the decree to convene the electoral bodies that it considers the ruling authorities illegitimate. Additionally, they attributed to the insecurity that is prevailing in the country. Constitutional change has long been disputed in the nation as it faces multiple challenges which include resistance from various Muslim religious figures, rebel groups, and civil society who do not support the idea of a secular state. The government announced that the referendum campaign will run from 2 June to 16 June. (“Malian political coalition opposes constitutional referendum,” Al Jazeera, 8 May 2023)
Sudan: 10,000 flee to neighbouring Central African Republic amidst clashes
On 7 May, UN officials said that around 9,700 people from Sudan have moved to the Central African Republic owing to the conflict between the Rapid Support Force (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The numbers, according to the officials, are expected to increase and more than half the population is in need of assistance and protection. The UN’s top humanitarian official in the country, Mohamed Ag Ayoya, said that the discussions are underway regarding the settlement of the refugees. Existing malnutrition, disease outbreaks, and the flood-prone condition of the region are major concerns. Gervais Tengomo, an emergencies officer with the WHO said that surveillance to detect any possible epidemic outbreak has intensified. According to the UN, around 120,000 people are in need of food assistance in Sudan. (“Nearly 10,000 flee from Sudan to neighbouring Central African Republic,” Africanews, 8 May 2023)
Zimbabwe: Digital currency backed by gold introduced in the country
On 8 May, the Central Bank of Zimbabwe introduced a digital token as a legal tender, backed by gold reserves. The currency is said to be a form of electronic money that allows the holders of Zimbabwean currency to exchange it in return for the gold-backed tokens. The aim of the digital currency is to reduce the volatility of the Zimbabwean currency which declined significantly; USD one currently worth approximately 1,000 Zimbabwean dollars, compared to 150 Zimbabwean dollars a year ago. The increased inflation rate has been a challenge in Zimbabwe for the past 10 years. President Emmerson Mnangagwa, who assured a middle-income economy by the year 2023, is unable to restore confidence in the local currency yet. (“Zimbabwe introduces digital currency backed by gold,” Africanews, 8 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Sudan: US imposes sanctions following the fighting
On 5 May, the US President, Joe Biden, released a presidential order authorizing sanctions against Sudan by calling the savagery a tragedy and a betrayal of its people. Biden stated that the brutality was an “unusual and extraordinary threat to the national security and foreign policy of the US.” Previously, the director of US National Intelligence, Avril Haines, said that the conflicts could elevate as both groups have few incentives to negotiate. The World Food Programme(WFP) has evaluated that more than USD 13 million worth of food aid has been ransacked since April. The UN Children’s Agency, UNICEF, warned that youngsters have been increasingly caught in the crossfire in between the conflict. (“President Biden authorizes sanctions against Sudan,” BBC, 5 May 2023)
Mozambique: Japan promises to assist counterterrorism
On 5 May, Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida visited Mozambique as part of his six-day tour in Africa and stated that Japan is interested in financing the fight against terrorism in Northern Cabo Delgado province. The province has been besieged by Islamist insurgency for years which Japan considers as a threat to its consortiums involved in extracting natural gas in the Rovuma basin. Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida and Mozambican President Filipe Nyusi discussed the necessity of private investment by Japan in transport, agriculture, industry, and tourism to strengthen Mozambique's economy, intending to strengthen the bilateral cooperation between the countries. (“Japan pledges to help Mozambique fight terrorism,” BBC, 5 May 2023)
Burkina Faso: Addresses Russia as their strategic partner
On 5 May, the interim president of Burkina Faso, Captain Ibrahim Traore, mentioned Russia as their strategic partner and stated that he was satisfied with his country’s military ties. Traore said: “I am satisfied with our military cooperation with Russia. Besides, Burkino Faso’s cooperation with Russia dates back to a long time, but we are developing it and move it further.” Traore denied the suspected reports of the Russian Wagner Group mercenaries supporting them in their fight against Islamic terror groups. He stated that France is still an ally even though French forces have exited the country. Traore concluded that Burkina Faso has many international partners but will cooperate only with nations who support them. (“Burkina Faso hails Russia as a ‘strategic partner’,” BBC, 5 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Jerry Franklin and Immaculine Joy Paul
Kenya: Opposition party halts the anti-government protests
On 4 May, Aljazeera reported that the opposition party of Kenya, Azimio La Umoja (Declaration of Unity) alliance, led by Raila Odinga has made a statement on 3 May that they are suspending the anti-government demonstrations which were planned on 4 May. Odinga said: “Leadership had met and agreed to once more suspend the mass protests.” He added that the government “agreed to one of our demands” without making a clear statement about their agreement. The protests were against rigging the election and high cost of living. (“Kenya opposition suspends protest after agreement with government,” Al Jazeera, 4 May 2023)
Sudan: Ceasefire fails in Khartoum after the explosions
On 4 May, the ceasefire in Sudan failed as they witnessed explosions and gunfire in Khartoum. Additionally, there were bombardments reported in the adjoining cities of Omdurman and Bahri. The United Nations Refugee Agency said that it was planning to evacuate more than 800,000 people from Sudan and it estimated USD 450 million would be required to support them for the next five months. (“Sudan’s latest ceasefire shattered by explosions,” BBC, 4 May 2023)
South Africa: ANC members comments on the stand of ICC concerning African leaders
On 4 May, a senior member of South Africa’s governing African National Congress (ANC) made a statement that the African leaders are predominantly targeted by the International Criminal Court (ICC). Mmeaseka Letsike, a member of ANC's National Executive Committee, commented that the party is reflecting on the “potential shortfalls” of South Africa as a member of the ICC and that the law of ICC is inconsistent and unequal. She made the statement after President Cyril Ramaphosa declared that they had decided to pull out of ICC and later it was revoked. As a member of ICC, South Africa is obliged to hand over Russian President Vladimir Putin who is expected to attend the BRICS summit hosted by the country in August 2023. ICC had issued an arrest warrant against Putin, accusing him of war crimes in the Ukraine War. (“ICC predominantly targets African leaders - ANC member,” BBC, 4 May 2023)
Rwanda: Floods and landslides kill more than 130 people
On 4 May, BBC reported that at least 130 people died after heavy floods and landslides in Rwanda's northern and western provinces. The report quoted Rwanda's public broadcaster, RBA, which said that the casualties are expected to rise owing to the intensity of the rising flood waters. The neighbouring Uganda also had casualties followed by landslides. The Rwandan government has started relief measures including aiding the burial of the dead and provision of supplies to devastated victims. Rwandan weather authorities attributed the climate change to the unusual rains and flooding in the recent years. According to authorities, the downpour situation is likely to extend throughout the month. (“Rwanda floods and landslides kill more than 130 people,” BBC, 4 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: The withdrawal of German troops deployed under the UN mission
On 3 May, the German troops started shipping the first components of equipment as part of their withdrawal of nearly 1000 troops from Mali under the UN peacekeeping mission, MINUSMA. The decision comes after a tussle with the Malian military government followed by the deployment of the Russian forces. The German commander in Mali, Colonel Heiko Bohnsack, told German daily, Tagesspiegel, that as part of the initial withdrawal, the materials will be slowly removed; meanwhile, the troops will remain to complete their mission. However, the German government has proposed a one year extension of the mission until May 2024, waiting for its approval in the lower house of parliament. ("German troops deployed to UN mission begin withdrawal from Mali" AlJazeera, 3 May 2023)
Sudan: UN Chief calls for end to fight
On 3 May, the UN Secretary-General, Antonio Guterres, told the reporters in Kenya that there should be an immediate end to the conflict in Sudan before it could escalate to a full-scale war. He iterated on the humanitarian crisis brought by the destruction of hospitals and looting of food and aid warehouses. A new seven-day truce has been agreed between the warring factions after multiple failed ceasefires. The UN humanitarian Chief, Martin Griffiths, previously mentioned about the looting of six trucks sent by the UN World Food Programme in the Darfur region despite many security assurances. Additionally, Griffths said that he is trying to bring collective commitment from the warring parties to allow supply of the humanitarian aid. (“UN chief calls for end to fighting in Sudan,” BBC, 3 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Rival factions agrees to hold peace talks
On 2 May, UN’s special representative to Sudan, Volker Perthes told Associated Press that Sudan’s rival factions have agreed to send their representatives for peace talks, potentially in Saudi Arabia. The same day, the foreign ministry of South Sudan said that the rival parties in Sudan had agreed “in principle” to a week-long ceasefire which would begin from 4 May. Meanwhile, the fighting had continued despite the three-day ceasefire. The clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has now reached a third week accusing each other of violating the agreed ceasefires. South Sudan’s President Salva Kiir emphasised on the need for a long-lasting ceasefire in order to begin peace talks. Meanwhile, the UN reported that nearly 100,000 Sudanese had left the country amid the conflict. (“Sudan rivals agree to 'stable ceasefire' talks - UN,” BBC, 2 May 2023; “Sudan rivals agree 'in principle' to a week's truce,” BBC, 2 May 2023; “Sudan faces catastrophe as 100,000 flee war - UN,” BBC, 2 May 2023)
Kenya: Opposition resumes protests
On 2 May, major opposition leader in Kenya, Raila Odinga, resumed protests against the rising cost of living and election irregularities. Initially, the protests began in March, but were later suspended after Odinga and Kenyan President Willam Ruto agreed to hold talks. The disagreements during the talks led to the resumption of the protests. Besides, the authorities had banned opposition protests claiming “in the interests of national security,” and citing violence during the previous demonstrations. (“Police deployed ahead of Kenya opposition protests,” BBC, 2 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Japan's prime minister’s visit to Africa
On 1 May, Africanews reported on Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida’s visit to Africa. He began his visit in Egypt. He will also be visiting Ghana, Kenya and Mozambique. In Egypt Kishida held a meeting with Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sissi. During a press conference after the meeting between the leaders Al Sissi said: “We reviewed the challenges the international arena is witnessing today, in particular the massive economic repercussions left by the Ukrainian crisis on developing countries that exceeded what the coronavirus pandemic caused in terms of a rise in inflation rates, energy and food prices, and expectations of a decline in the growth rate." He added: “We discussed many regional issues of common concern, especially the Palestinian issue and the situation in Libya. Developments in Sudan occupied an important aspect of the talks.” (“Japan's PM lands in Accra after kicking off African tour in Egypt,” Africanews, 1 May 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: UK relocates its ambassador to Ethiopia
On 28 April, the UK government relocated its ambassador to Sudan to neighbouring Ethiopia and temporarily closed its embassy in Sudan. The British Foreign Office stated: "From Addis Ababa, he will lead the UK's diplomatic efforts in the region to bring fighting to an end in Sudan." The move was followed after the evacuation of 536 British nationals from the conflict-riven Sudan. (“UK relocates its Sudanese ambassador to Ethiopia,” BBC, 28 April 2023)
Burkina Faso: 33 soldiers killed in attack
On 28 April, BBC reported that at least 33 soldiers were killed in north-east Burkina Faso. An army statement said that Islamist militants active in the region are suspected to be behind the attack. The incident marked the second similar attack over a week killing dozens of soldiers.Over 100 civilians were killed in the region by what the local officials described as men in military uniform. Non-governmental organisations reported that over 10,000 civilians and soldiers have been killed in various attacks since the beginning of this year. (“Thirty-three soldiers killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 28 April 2023)
Tunisia: Over 200 migrant dies near Tunisian coast
On 28 April, BBC reported on coastguards recovering the bodies of 41 migrants off the Tunisian coast. A senior official said that more than 200 people drowned over the past week. A justice official in the port city of Sfax, Faouzi Masmoudi said: “On Tuesday [25 April], we had more than 200 bodies, well beyond the capacity of the hospital, which creates a health problem.” The UN migration agency said that a total of nearly 300 migrants died, including those departing from the Libyan coast, over the past week. It added that more than 800 people died this year alone. (“More than 200 migrants die off Tunisia in just 10 days,” BBC, 28 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Government agrees to resume negotiations over GERD
On 27 April, Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced that it is ready to resume tripartite negotiations with Egypt and Sudan regarding the issue over the Grand Renaissance Dam (GERD). State Minister of Foreign Affairs Mesganu Arga announced the decision while talking with the US special envoy to the Horn of Africa, Mike Hammer. The ministry stated through Twitter: "Regarding GERD [Ambassador Mesganu] said Ethiopia is ready to resume the tripartite negotiations under the auspices of the AU." The relations between Ethiopia, Egypt and Sudan have strained over the construction and operation of the dam, which demands a legal agreement regarding the same. (“Ethiopia says ready to resume Nile dam negotiations,” BBC, 27 April 2023)
Sudan: UK accused of delaying German evacuation operation
On 27 April, senior German political sources told the BBC that the UK’s efforts to evacuate its embassy staff from Sudan hindered evacuation efforts of German citizens. They accused the British forces of landing in Sudan without the consent of the Sudanese army while other European countries were hoping to airlift their citizens. The sources said that the “unannounced British military presence” angered the Sudanese army and after which they refused access to the facility. The UK Ministry of Defence described the allegations as “complete nonsense.” (“Sudan crisis: UK accused of delaying German evacuation efforts,” BBC, 27 April 2023)
‘Climate Change,’ a major cause for the droughts in East Africa, WWA analysis
On 27 April, Al Jazeera reported on a study by the World Weather Attribution on the continuing severe drought in the Horn of Africa. The analysis says that the drought has left more than 4.35 million people in the region in dire need of humanitarian aid. Besides, 43,000 people in Somalia are estimated to have died in 2022. According to the study, climate change is a major driver behind the worst drought. A climate scientist with the Kenya Meteorological Department who worked with WWA, Joyce Kimutai said: “Climate change has made this drought exceptional.” (“Global warming made Horn of Africa drought possible: WWA study,” Al Jazeera, 27 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Presidency clarifies statement on exiting ICC
On 26 April, the South African presidency clarified a previous statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa that the country would be exiting the International Criminal Court (ICC). On 25 April, during a talk with Finnish President Sauli Niinisto, who was on a state visit to South Africa, Ramaphosa stated that the governing African National Congress (ANC) had resolved to quit the ICC over "unfair treatment". However, the presidency later clarified in a statement that regrettable, Ramaphosa had made an error. The South African government is under pressure to take a decision on the arrest warrant of Russian President Vladimir Putin, who is due to visit the country this year for the BRICS summit. (“South Africa not withdrawing from ICC - presidency,” BBC, 26 April 2023)
Libya: 55 migrants killed after a boat capsized near coast of Libya
On 26 April, the UN’s migration agency said that at least 55 migrants were killed after a boat carrying 60 people sank off the coast of Libya. The boat capsized while sailing from a town to the east of the capital, Tripoli. Five migrants, including a Syrian child survived. The Libyan coast is a common departure point for the migrants trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe. (“Migrant boat sinks off Libya killing 55 passengers,” BBC, 26 April 2023)
Sudan: Thousands crossing to Ethiopia amid fighting
On 26 April, Ethiopian authorities told the BBC that thousands of people belonging to multiple nationalities fleeing Sudan fighting have crossed the border into Ethiopia. A spokesperson from the Amhara region, Gizachew Muluneh, said that those who have arrived include people from Turkey and Yemen along with Sudanese and Ethiopian nationals. A statement from the regional authorities said that more than 15 buses carrying people are arriving in Sudan daily. (“Thousands of foreigners cross into Ethiopia from Sudan,” BBC, 26 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: ANC calls for an exit from ICC
On 25 April, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that the governing party African National Congress wanted the country to leave the International Criminal Court. Ramaphosa said: “Yes, the governing party … has taken that decision that it is prudent that South Africa should pull out of the ICC; We would like this matter of unfair treatment to be properly discussed, but in the meantime, the governing party has decided once again that there should be a pull-out.” This comes after the ICC issued an arrest warrant against Russian President Vladymir Putin for alleged war crimes in Ukraine. South Africa has been continuously criticised for its pro-Russia stance. The country is due to host the BRICS summit this year; being a member of ICC, it is obliged to arrest Putin on his arrival to attend the summit. (“South Africa’s Ramaphosa says governing party wants ICC exit,” Al Jazeera, 25 April 2023)
Sudan: WHO warns a “biological hazard”
On 25 April, the World Health Organization (WHO) said that there is a high risk of a “biological hazard” at a laboratory in Khartoum after one of the rival factions captured the same. On the same day, BBC reported that a 72 hours agreed ceasefire in Sudan appears to be holding despite the reports of new gunfire and shelling. Currently, at least 459 people are reportedly killed and thousands have fled the country. Meanwhile, several European, Asian and African countries have evacuated hundreds of their citizens. (“Sudan crisis: Gunfire heard but uneasy truce holds,” BBC, 25 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Burkina Faso: At least 60 civilians killed in armed men attack
On 24 April, Al Jazeera reported that at least 60 civilians were killed in an attack in the village of Karma in northern Burkina Faso. A Prosecutor, Lamine Kabore, citing information from the Ouahigouya police station said that the perpetrators were wearing the uniforms of the Burkinabe armed forces. He said: “The wounded have been evacuated and are currently being taken care of within our health facilities.” Several active armed groups are believed to control 40 per cent of the country. In the beginning of April, the Burkinabe military government had announced a “general mobilisation” against the jihadist groups active in the country. (“Dozens killed in Burkina Faso attack near Mali border,” Al Jazeera, 24 April 2023)
Kenya: At least 47 bodies belonging to a Christian cult exhumated
On 24 April, BBC reported on Kenyan police exhumating 47 bodies near the coastal town of Malindi. The bodies are said to belong to a Christian cult, the Good News International Church. Cult leader, Paul Makenxi Nthenge was arrested previously after being alleged of forcing his followers to starve themselves to death in order to “meet jesus.” Kenyan Minister of Interior, Kithkure Kindiki said that nearly 800 acres of the forest had been sealed off and declared as a crime scene. (Kenya cult deaths: 47 bodies found in investigation into 'starvation cult',” BBC, 24 April 2023)
Sudan: EU evacuates 1000 citizens; US deploys disaster response team
On 24 April, BBC reported on the European Union foreign policy chief, Josep Borrell’s statement, which said that more than 1000 European Union citizens were evacuated from Sudan amid the fighting between the rival military factions. He added that the EU will continue to push for a peace deal to end the crisis. The same day, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) deployed a disaster response expert team to coordinate with the humanitarian response team in Sudan. The head of the agency Samantha Power stated: “The United States demands that the Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces abide by the three-day Eid al-Fitr ceasefire to which they have agreed, end this reckless bloodshed, facilitate humanitarian access, comply with international humanitarian law.” (“Over 1,000 EU citizens evacuated from Sudan, Sudan: US deploying disaster response team,” BBC, 24 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: US deploys additional troops in Djibouti for expected evacuation in Sudan
On 21 April, Al Jazeera reported on the Us preparing to deploy additional troops in its military base in Djibouti for any emergency evacuation of its citizens needed from Sudan. The Pentagon stated: “We are deploying additional capabilities nearby in the region for contingency purposes related to securing and potentially facilitating the departure of US embassy personnel from Sudan, if circumstances require it.” (“US deploys more troops to Djibouti for possible Sudan evacuation,” Al Jazeera, 21 April 2023)
Sudan: A three-day volatile truce
On 21 April, Sudan’s military released a statement agreeing for a three-day truce for the people to celebrate Eid. The statement read: "The armed forces hope that the rebels will abide by all the requirements of the truce and stop any military moves that would obstruct it.” This comes following several failed ceasefires in the week. Previously, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had agreed to an Eid ceasefire. However, the same day, BBC reported that the fighting continued in Sudan’s capital Khartoum, despite the agreed ceasefire. (“Heavy gunfire reported despite Sudan army Eid truce,” BBC, 21 April 2023; “Sudan army tweets agreement to three-day Eid truce,” BBC, 21 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Between 10,000 and 20,000 Sudanese left the country, says UN
On 20 April, the UN warned that between 10,000 and 20,000 have fled Sudan amid the political crisis. The UN Refugee Agency (UNHCR) stated that it was “greatly alarmed by the escalating violence in Sudan.” A statement by the agency read: "The initial, most pressing, needs are water, food, shelter, health care, child protection, and prevention of gender-based violence.” (“Between 10,000 to 20,000 flee Sudan for Chad - UN,” BBC, 20 April 2023)
Uganda: President refuses to sign anti-LGBT bill
On 20 April, Ugandan President Yower Museveni refused to sign the controversial anti-LGBT bill that prescribed death penalty for particular cases. A spokesperson to the presidency stated that Museveni was not against the bill, however, wanted the parliamentarians to consider “the issue of rehabilitation.” The meeting was dissolved returning the bill to the national assembly with demand for “improvement.”(“ Uganda’s President Museveni refuses to sign anti-LGBTQ bill,” Al Jazeera, 20 April 2023)
Mali: President’s chief of staff and three others killed in armed men attack
On 20 April, Mali military junta stated that the chief of staff for interim President Oumar Traore and three others were killed in an attack in the rural area of Nara in Koulikoro region. The statement did not provide any further details on the attack or who was responsible for the attack. However, rebel groups linked to al-Qaeda and ISIL have captured vast regions of the country, killed thousands and displaced millions since 2012. (“Malian president’s chief of staff, three others killed in ambush,” Al Jazeera, 20 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: Eight school girls escapes from kidnappers
On 19 April, BBC reported that eight Nigerian schoolgirls who were abducted by gunmen previously in April, escaped from their abductors. The students were seized by an armed group while they were going home after school in Awon in the area of Kachia. Kaduna state security commissioner Samuel Aruwan said that the students escaped through the forest along the Niger border. (“Eight Nigerian schoolgirls escape from kidnappers,” BBC, 19 April 2023)
Chad: 320 Sudanese soldiers detained while fleeing from the violence
On 19 April, Kenyan President Willian Ruto said that he was deeply alarmed by the “misunderstanding” between the rival military factions in Sudan that caused the violence. He urged both sides to agree for an emergency ceasefire and to allow “unrestricted humanitarian access” to the affected. He added: "There is real danger that the escalation of hostilities in Sudan could implicate external, regional and international actors and degenerate into a security and humanitarian crisis on a disastrous scale." Meanwhile, the same day,, BBC reported that nearly 320 Sudanese troops were detained in Chad while trying to cross the Chad border through Darfur region. The AFP news agency quoted Chad’s defence minister saying: "They arrived in our territory, were disarmed and detained.” He added that they fled Sudan fearing being killed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (“Chad detains 320 fleeing Sudanese troops Kenyan leader urges Sudan rivals to ceasefire,” BBC, 19 April 2023)
Sudan: Russia’s Wargner group denies involvement in the violence
On 19 April, the head of the Russian mercenary Wagner Group, Yevgeny Prigozhin, denied involvement in the Sudan crisis and added that the company doesn't have any presence in Sudan for more than two years. He said: “I can tell you with absolute certainty, with absolute accuracy, and you can enter my words in any protocols for any institution in the highest levels: as of today, there is not a single private military company (PMC) Wagner fighter, I stress - not a single one - in Sudan. And it has been this way for over two years.” He was responding to a journalist who asked regarding the groups' support to the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (“Russia’s Wagner denies involvement in Sudan crisis,” BBC, 19 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: At least 33 people killed in gunmen attack
On 17 April, Africanews reported that at least 33 people were killed following a gunmen attack in the village of Runji in the northwest of Nigeria. The State Commissioner of Security, Samuel Aruwan said: “Troops had a fierce encounter with the attackers and are still in the general area.” No group has claimed responsibility for the attack. However, bandits who are accused of recurring attacks and kidnappings are suspected to be behind the attack. (“At least 33 people killed by gunmen in northwest Nigeria,” Africanews, 17 April 2023)
Burkina Faso: At least 42 people including ten soldiers killed in two jihadist attacks
On 17 April, Africanews reported that at least ten soldiers and 32 civilian auxiliaries were killed in two jihadist attacks in the northern region of Aorema. The attacks happened after the government declared “general mobilisation” against the escalating jihadist violence on 13 April. Apart from the declaration, the military government announced to “give the state all the necessary means” to deal with the jihadist attacks in the country. It stated that those measures will provide in particular “the right to request people, goods and services and the right to call for defence employment, individually or collectively.” (“42 soldiers and soldiers' aides killed in two more attacks in Burkina Faso,” Africanews, 17 April 2023)
Sudan: Heavy fighting erupts between rival military faction killing 50 civilians
On 17 April, BBC reported that more than 50 civilians were killed in Sudan following heavy fighting between rival military factions. The clashes erupted between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) under General Hamdan Dagalo and the military leader Abdel Fattah-al-Burhan. The UK, the US, the EU, China and Russia have all called for an immediate ceasefire. The UN’s Secretary General Antonio Guterres has urged both the leaders to end the violence. (“Sudan: Army and RSF battle over key sites, leaving 56 civilians dead,” BBC, 17 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Democratic Republic of Congo: Rebels refuses to disarm
On 14 April, M23 rebels in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo said that they will not disarm or demobilise until a direct political dialogue with the government. A spokesperson from the rebel group, Lawrence Kanyuka, stated that the Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi refused to hold negotiations with the rebels. Previously, Tshisekedi said that under an agreement negotiated by regional states, the M23 rebels are expected to demobilise. (“Rebels refuse to disarm in DR Congo conflict,” BBC, 14 April 2023)
Burkina Faso: Government’s mobilisation to fight insurgency
On 14 April, Burkina Faso’s military government set a target of regaining 40 per cent of its territory which were captured by militant groups previously. It announced a “general mobilisation” to give them “all necessary means” to follow the same. The decision comes after at least 44 people were killed following an attack on the village of Kaourakou and Tondobi in the north-east of the country. Defence Minister Col Maj Kassoum Coulibaly stated that the new measures would give “a legal framework to all the actions to be implemented to deal with the situation that Burkina Faso is experiencing.” (“Burkina Faso 'mobilisation' ramps up terror response,” BBC, 14 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Tensions rise as army accuses RSF of mobilising troops
On 13 April, the Sudanese army warned that Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a major paramilitary group in Sudan under Deputy President Mohamed Hamdan Dagolo, is mobilising its troops in cities across the country. In a statement, the military accused the group of breaking the law. There are growing concerns of a fully escalated confrontation between the two sides. The developments came after the transitional leaders failed to meet the deadline for a civilian transition and breakdown of talks between the rival military factions. (“Tension as Sudan's army accuses rival force of mobilising,” BBC, 13 April 2023)
Mali: Militants takes over village
On 13 April, BBC reported that jihadists affiliated to the Islamic State took control of a village in Ménaka, Mali. The capture was reported days after another village, Tidermene, was seized by the militants. Since 2022, Islamic State in the Greater Sahara has launched a major offensive in northern Mali. Apart from that, clashes with Al-Qaeda-linked fighters as well as former Tuareg rebels are destabilizing the region. (“Jihadist group takes over village in northern Mali,” BBC, 13 April 2023)
Egypt accuses Ethiopia of delaying GERD talks
On 13 April, Egypt’s deputy foreign minister on African affairs accused Ethiopia of “buying time” through talks while continuing to fill the GERD dam without an agreement. He condemned the statement by Ethiopia that accused him of “politicising” the Nile dam dispute. Ethiopia, Sudan and Egypt have been in a years-long dispute over the sharing of Nile river regarding the construction of the GERD, with Sudan and Egypt raising concern that the dam would reduce their share of water. (“Egypt accuses Ethiopia of ‘buying time’ in Nile dam row,” BBC, 13 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Germany expels Chad’s ambassador in a retaliatory move
On 12 April, Chad’s ambassador to Germany was expelled in a retaliatory move by Berlin after its ambassador to Chad was expelled the previous week. On 8 April, Chadian government ordered German ambassador Jan-Christian Gordon Kricke out of the country for what they claimed was his “impolite attitude” and “lack of respect for diplomatic customs.” Expelling Chad’s ambassador to Germany, the Foreign Ministry said: “Ambassador Kricke exercised his office in N’Djamena in an exemplary manner and has worked for human rights and the rapid transition to a civilian government in Chad.” (“Germany expels Chad's envoy in retaliatory move,” BBC, 12 April 2023)
Ethiopia: Two civilians killed in latest clashes in Amhara
On 12 April, BBC reported that at least two civilians who had taken refuge in a displacement camp were killed during clashes in the Ethiopian city of Debrebirhan. The clashes were reported as protests against the federal government’s decision to dissolve Amhara’s regional special forces intensified. The residents of the region claim that the decision would leave them undefended against attacks. The move comes as part of the peace agreement signed by the federal government in Tigray, ending two-years of conflict. (“Civilian killings reported in Ethiopia's Amhara unrest,” BBC, 12 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: “Somalis great victims of climate change,” says UN secretary general
On 11 April, United Nations Secretary General Antonio Guterres arrived in Somalia’s capital, Mogadishu. Local media reported that he discussed the country’s worsening humanitarian crisis and to support its fight against extremism. He said: “Although Somalia makes virtually no contribution to climate change, the Somalis are among the greatest victims." He added: “So I call on donors, and I call on the international community to step up their support to urgently fund the 2023 humanitarian response plan, which is currently just 15% funded." The UN estimates that more than eight million people in the country are in need of emergency humanitarian assistance followed by worse famine after a five consecutive failed rainy season. (“UN chief Guterres arrives in Somali capital,” BBC, 11 April 2023; “Somalis are climate change victims - UN chief,” BBC, 11 April 2023)
Sudan: Civilian transition misses the deadline
On 11 April, BBC reported on Sudan civilian groups and the military junta missing the deadline for a civilian transition amid disagreements on security reforms and other issues. A civilian government was meant to be established on 11 April, according to the timeline set up by the parties previously. The deadline lapsed after the parties failed to sign a final transitional deal amid disagreements on integration of the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) into the army. (“Sudan misses deadline to form civilian government,” BBC, 11 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Protests in Amhara amid government’s plan to dissolve the regional force
On 10 April, BBC reported on continuing protests in Ethiopia’s Amhara region for the fifth consecutive day against the government’s decision to dissolve the Amhara regional force. The previous week, the federal government announced that it wants the special forces to be integrated into the federal army or police force to protect the borders and to fight rebels. However, the protesters claimed that the decision would make them vulnerable to attacks by neighbouring regions. Later, a partial curfew was imposed in the region after the protests turned violent. On 9 April, Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said that the government will go ahead with the plan even if “a price had to be paid.” (“Ethiopia's Amhara region hit by protests over move to dissolve regional forces,” BBC, 10 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Anti-government protests turns violent injuring dozens
On 7 April, BBC reported that a large number of people were injured after the security forces used tear gas to disperse the mass protests against the military rule. The protests were against the delays in signing a final agreement to re-establish civilian rule in the country. It also marked the fourth anniversary of the Sudanese uprising in 2019 that overthrew former dictator Omar al-Bashir. Hundreds of protesters blocked the roads in the capital, Khartoum; they carried placards and chanted slogans denouncing the army’s involvement in politics. (“Injuries as mass anti-junta protests dispersed in Sudan,” BBC, 7 April 2023)
Nigeria: At least 51 people killed in gunmen attack
On 7 April, BBC reported that at least 51 people were killed in a gunmen attack in the village of Umogidi in Benue State. The attack is speculated to be motivated by a herder-farmer clash that had happened before. Clashes between nomadic herders and settled farmers are common in the region. Farmers accuse herders of destroying their fields and the herders accuse farmers of raiding their cattles. (“Nigeria gunmen kill dozens in rural village in Benue State,” BBC, 7 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Kenya: Opposition demands review of the constitution
On 6 April, Kenya’s opposition Azimo coalition demanded a review of the constitution to be a part of the discussion the government had proposed to end the protests in the country. Opposition leader Raila Odinga stated that they will be demanding a review of the constitution “to remove the last vestiges of an imperial presidency.” He mentioned Kenya's “winner-take-all culture.” In February, Deputy President Rigathi Gachagua was criticised for referring to the government as a company having large stakes and others none at all. Later, he defended himself claiming that he was referring to government appointments, which he said must be given to people who support the president's agenda. (“Kenya opposition demands review of constitution,” BBC, 6 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Government to revoke national state of disaster
On 5 April, the South African government decided to revoke a national state of disaster that it declared in February to address the power crisis. There had been popular concern that the decision would further corruption in the state-owned power company, Eskom. It has been facing scandals and is more than USD 20 in debt. The government says that it can deal with the crisis through existing legislation. The opposition criticised the decision as an acceptance of corruption in the power sector. (“South Africa revokes state of disaster over power,” BBC, 5 April 2023)
Nigeria: China Development Bank new financier of rail project
On 5 April, Nigeria’s senate approved the China Development Bank as the new creditor for a one billion worth rail project. Another Chinese company was due to fund the line between Kaduna and Kano, but it pulled out in 2020. Funding has been a major constraint during former President Muhammadu Buhari’s term, though he prioritised upgrading the poor transport network and power supply. As president-elect Bola Tinubu takes over in May, he has to deal with a raft of challenges including double-digit inflation and widespread insecurity. (“Chinese bank approved to finance Nigeria rail project,” BBC, 5 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: EU call for a successful implementation of ceasefire in Tigray to normalise ties
On 4 April, the European Union said that the Ethiopian government will have to carry out successful efforts for the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in Tigray to normalise its relations with the country. The EU foreign policy chief, Josep Borrel said that the progress in Tigray is a rare example of good news in the world today. The EU had suspended budgetary support to Ethiopia citing human rights abuses after the conflict broke out in November 2020. Earlier this year, EU officials demanded accountability for the widespread abuses committed by the warring parties during the conflict. (“Tigray success vital to restore Ethiopia-Europe ties - EU,” BBC, 4 April 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: Need for urgent humanitarian assistance in North Kivu, says Doctors without borders
On 4 April, the Doctors Without Borders stated that urgent humanitarian assistance is needed in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. It said that about a million people had been forced to flee their homes in North Kivu province the previous year following the M23 rebel violence. It added that the majority of the people are living in dire conditions and the aid workers are overwhelmed with increasing cases of measles and cholera. (“More aid urgently needed in eastern DR Congo - MSF,” BBC, 4 April 2023)
Kenya: Aiming to launch its first earth observation satellite
On 4 April, BBC reported on Kenya preparing to launch its first earth observation satellite, which it described as a landmark achievement in the country’s space sector. Nation-1 or Taifa-1 in Swahili, is scheduled to be launched next week from the Vandenberg Space Force in California. The Kenyan Space Agency and the Defence Ministry in a joint statement said that the satellite is designed to provide data for use in agriculture, food security and environmental management. The statement added that it was “fully designed and developed” by Kenyan engineers in partnership with a Bulgarian aerospace manufacturer. (“Kenya to launch its first earth observation satellite,” BBC, 4 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Kenya: Igad praises Ruto and Odinga agreeing to hold talks
On 3 April, East African bloc, Igad, praised Kenyan President Willam Ruto and opposition leader Raila Odinga for agreeing to hold talks to end the protests which have been going on for the past two weeks. Igad Executive Secretary Workneh Gebeyehu stated that the decision would help “resolve differences on national issues through peaceful means and preserve Kenya’s unity and constitutional order.” The protests were going on against rising cost of living and electoral reforms. On 2 April, Odinga called off the protests after Ruto agreed to hold talks. (“Protests: Kenyan leaders commended for agreeing to talks,” BBC, 3 April 2023)
UN human rights office “extremely worried” about UK’s Rwanda asylum plan
On 3 April, the UN human rights office said that it is “extremely worried about the impact” of the UK government’s Rwanda asylum plan. A spokesperson from the UN's human rights office said that the assessments of the refugee agency showed that the asylum plan in Rwanda was “not robust enough.” She added: "There are also concerns about respect for the right to freedom of assembly and freedom of expression in Rwanda. Those concerns do remain today; We have a lot of evidence of how these plans [off-shore asylum facilities] go wrong.” Meanwhile, UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman said that the policy would have a “significant deterrent effect” enough for people to stop crossing the dangerous channel to the UK. (“UN 'extremely worried' about Rwanda asylum plan,” BBC, 3 April 2023)
South Africa: John Steenhuisen re-elected as the leader of the Democratic Alliance
On 3 April, John Steenhuisen was re-elected as the leader of South Africa’s main opposition party, the Democratic Alliance. He secured 83 per cent of the votes against his opponent Mpho Phalatse who obtained 17 per cent of votes. Steenhuisen will be leading the party for the next three years. In his acceptance speech, he said that his party will work with other “like minded parties” ahead of the 2024 elections. (“Steenhuisen re-elected SA's main opposition leader,” BBC, 3 April 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Government workers accept 7.5 per cent pay rise
On 31 March, civil servants in South Africa accepted the government’s decision for a 7.5 per cent pay rise. The pay rise will be implemented from 1 April. The decision comes after public servants went on strike demanding a 10 per cent pay rise. The acting deputy general manager of the Public Servants Association (PSA) said: “Although it's not all that we wanted but we believe that the 7.5 per cent will make much better economic sense to our members given the hardships they find themselves in.” (“South Africa civil servants accept new pay deal,” BBC, 31 March 2023)
Tanzania: US Vice-President announces USD 560 million to boost trade
On 31 March, US Vice-President Kamala Harris, during her visit to Tanzania, lauded the country’s reforms aimed at strengthening democracy. Tanzania’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan described the visit as a milestone for the country. Harris began her visit to Africa in Ghana and will conclude in Zambia. She announced USD 560 million to Tanzania, supporting boosting trade and strengthening democracy. She described the visit as a meaningful step that helped to expand the partnership between the two countries. (“US vice-president lauds Tanzania democracy reforms,” BBC, 31 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Prosecutors to drop charges against the TPLF leaders
On 30 March, prosecutors in Ethiopia said that they are dropping criminal charges against senior civil and military leaders of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). The same day, the Ministry of Justice stated stated that conflict-related cases would be seen “in the context of transitional justice.'' This is the latest development after the federal government signed a peace agreement in Tigary in November 2022, ending the two-year conflict. (“Ethiopia prosecutors drop charges against TPLF leaders,” BBC, 30 March 2023)
Senegal: Opposition leader found guilty of libel
On 30 March, leading Senegal’s opposition leader, Ousmane Sonko, was found guilty of Libel charges and was sentenced to jail for two months. He was accused of Libel after charging the country's Tourism Minister Mame Mbaye Niang of embezzlement. Sonko’s supporters fear that the sentence would prevent him from running for the presidential elections next year. Protests were marked across the capital, Dakar, ahead of the trial. (“Senegal opposition leader found guilty of libel,” BBC, 30 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Kenya: US urges to refrain from violence during the protests
On 29 March, the US urged all political sides and security forces in Kenya to refrain from violence during the protests. Deputy spokesperson for the US Department of State Vendant Patel said: “We encourage political leaders, protesters and all parties to refrain from violence and rhetoric that could incite violence; We call on government security forces to act with restraint while protecting public safety and property." The protests led by opposition leader Raila Odinga against rising cost of living, turned violent leading to the death of at least three people across the country. (“US urges restraint over Kenya protests,” BBC, 29 March 2023)
Lesotho: MP’s to debate on reclaiming parts of South Africa
On 29 March, Lesotho’s parliament is expected to discuss the motion to reclaim parts of South Africa. According to parliament’s order paper, an opposition MP wants the law makers to “declare the whole of the Free State, parts of the Northern Cape, parts of the Eastern Cape, parts of Mpumalanga and parts of KwaZulu-Natal as part of Lesotho's territory." (“Lesotho MPs to debate territorial claim to parts of SA,” BBC, 29 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ghana: Anti-gay bill modified, says president
On 28 March, Ghanaian President Nana Akufo-Addo said that the anti-gay bill has been “modified” following his government’s intervention. He was speaking at a joint news conference with the visiting US Vice-President Kamala Harris. He said: “My understanding … is that substantial elements of the bill have already been modified as a result of the intervention of the attorney general.” Harris commented that she had addressed the issue with President Akufo-Addo and that the US considers the issue as a matter of human rights. (“Ghana's anti-gay bill modified, president says,” BBC, 28 March 2023)
Kenya: AU calls for calm after the protests turned violent
On 28 March, the African Union appealed for calm and called for dialogue in Kenya after the two-week long protests turned violent and left three people dead. AU Chairperson Maoussa Faki urged: "Stakeholders to exercise calm and engage in dialogue to address any differences.” He stated: "The Chairperson reiterates the total solidarity with and support to the government and the people of Kenya's efforts working towards national unity, peace and stability in the country.” The protests have been led by the opposition leader Raila Odinga against rising cost of living and what the opposition describe as “illegitimate presidency”. (“African Union appeals for calm after Kenya protests,” BBC, 28 March 2023)
Ethiopia: Peace deal in Tigray a “positive step”, says prime minister
On 28 March, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed called the peace deal signed between the Tigray rebels and the government as “a positive step” and said that his government would also sit with other armed groups to resolve tensions. He was addressing the members of the parliament after a number of them raised concerns about growing tensions in other parts of the country. Abiy responded that “a lot more” is to be done to achieve complete peace in the country’s north. “It takes time to heal; Peace, much like war, needs bravery.” (“Abiy hails peace deal, to talk to other armed groups,” BBC, 28 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Begins talks to merge army factions
On 27 March, military and civilian political leaders began talks to bring the government-backed militia, the RSF, under the authority of the army. The talks were part of the agreement signed in December agreeing for a return of civilian democratic rule. Military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, who seized power through a coup said that he wanted to end the armed forces supporting dictatorial governments in Sudan. (“Sudan begins talks to bring army factions together,” BBC, 27 March 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: 17 people executed by the Codeco militia
On 27 March, at least 17 people who were captured by the Codeco militia group were executed in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. UN-sponsored Radio Okapi reported that the victims were travellers heading to Mungwalu, in Ituri province. They were abducted after three members of the militia group were killed in a clash with a rival group. The authorities have not yet commented on the attack. (“Militia execute 17 hostages in DR Congo hotspot,” BBC, 27 March 2023)
Kenya: One protester killed in clashes with security forces
On 27 March, one of the protesters was shot dead in Kenya’s western city of Kisumu after the protests turned violent. Clashes were also reported between the protesters and the police in informal settlements in Nairobi. Deployment of security forces to quell the protests has inflamed the tensions. The protests have been going on under the leadership of Raila Odinga against the rising cost of living and what the opposition mention as ‘illegal presidency’. (“One shot dead during Kenyan protests,” BBC, 27 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Burkina Faso: At least 14 people killed in jihadist attack
On 24 March, security officials in Burkina Faso said that jihadist insurgents killed nearly 14 people, including four soldiers, near the northern city of Kaya. The attack happened on the same day interim leader Captain Ibrahim Traore visited the region. The jihadists targeted a unit of soldiers and defence volunteers who were tasked with repairing the water supply in the town of Zorkoum. (“Burkinabe militants kill 14 in attack in north,” BBC, 24 March 2023)
South Africa: Opposition vows to protect Putin from ICC arrest
On 24 March, South Africa’s opposition minority party, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF) said that Russian President Vladimir Putin is welcome to visit Pretoria despite the arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court. EFF leader Julius Malema said that Putin will not be arrested while in South Africa, a country where Russia “played a huge role to support the struggle for freedom.” He stated: “Putin is welcomed here. No one is going to arrest Putin. If need be, we will go and fetch Putin from the airport to his meetings. He will address, finish all his meetings, and we will take him back to the airport.” He added: “we know our friends. We know the people who liberated us. We know the people who supported us.” (“SA opposition vows to 'protect' Putin from ICC arrest,” BBC, 24 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Government to discuss arrest warrant on Putin ahead of Brics conference
On 23 March, South Africa’s Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor said that the government will have to discuss the arrest warrant on Russian President Vladimir Putin issued by the International Criminal court (ICC) before considering any action. Putin is scheduled to travel to South Africa in August as part of the Brics meeting. Pandor stated: “South Africa will have to look at existing provisions of our legislation. We also will have to have a discussion as cabinet, as well as with our colleagues in Russia, and really determine the way forward.” (“SA to consult Russia over Putin's arrest warrant,” BBC, 23 March 2023)
Uganda: US and EU raise concern on the bill against homosexuals
On 23 March, the US warned Uganda of possible economic “repercussions” over the new bill to crack down on homosexual activities. US National Security Council spokesperson John Kirby said: “We would have to take a look at whether or not there might be repercussions that we would have to take, perhaps in an economic way, should this law actually get passed and enacted.” The European Union has also raised concern about the bill. It said: “The European Union will continue engaging with the Ugandan authorities and civil society to ensure that all individuals, regardless of their sexual orientation and gender identity, are treated equally, with dignity and respect.” (“US should respect Ugandan sovereignty over anti-gay bill,” BBC, 23 March 2023)
Ethiopia: PM appoints TPLF spokesperson as interim president in Tigray
On 23 March, Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed appointed Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) spokesperson Getachew Reda as the president of the newly established interim administration in Tigray. The decision is a significant part of the implementation of the peace deal signed between TPLF and the federal government. The interim regional administration will be in place until elections are held under the supervision of the electoral commission. (“Ethiopia PM appoints TPLF spokesman as Tigray president,” BBC, 23 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: TPLF removed from the terror list
On 22 March, the Ethiopian Parliament voted to remove Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) from the country's terror blacklist. The decision comes four months after the group signed a ceasefire agreement with the federal government ending the two years of conflict. (“Ethiopia removes ‘terrorist’ tag from Tigray regional party,” Al Jazeera, 22 March 2023)
Somalia: Water crisis “far from over,” says Unicef
On 22 March, Unicef told BBC’s Newsday radio programme that Somalia’s water crisis is “far from over” and more than thousand people are in dire condition due to the severe drought. A recent joint report by the Somali government and the UN found that nearly 43,000 people in the country died from the drought in 2022, among which half were children under the age of five. The report said that from January to June this year a further 25,000 people could die. (“Somalia water crisis 'far from over' - Unicef, BBC, 22 March 2023)
Tunisia: US says IMF deal critical
On 22 March, the US said that it is significant for Tunisia to reach a deal with the IMF amid a worsening economic crisis. US Secretary of State Antony Bliken said: “The most critical thing they can do on the economic side is actually get an IMF agreement.” He added: “We would strongly encourage them to do that because the economy risks falling off the deep end.” The IMF guaranteed a USD two billion loan for Tunisia upon the demand for political reforms in the country. (“Tunisia IMF deal 'critical' US says - AFP,” BBC, 22 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: Nearly 43,000 died in the drought, says a joint report
On 21 March, a joint report by the Somali government and the United Nations said that at least 43,000 people were killed in the country amid the devastating drought, among which half are below the age five. The reports mentioned that the crisis is "far from over," and that 18,000-34,000 more deaths are expected in the first quarter of this year. World Health Organization (WHO) representative Dr Mamunur Rahman Malik said: "We are racing against time to prevent deaths and save lives that are available." The UN says it needs nearly USD 2.6 billion this year for the Somalia drought response. Five consecutive failed rainy seasons have caused the disaster. (“Somalia drought may have killed 43,000 last year - UN,” BBC, 21 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Protests calling for resignation of Ramaphosa
On 20 March, South African police said that at least 87 people were arrested nationwide following the opposition's protests. The opposition minority party, the Economic Freedom Fighters (EFF), called for a national shutdown demanding the resignation of President Cyril Ramaphosa, accusing him of corruption and ending the energy crisis in the country. Meanwhile, Ramaphosa warned the protesters against damaging properties or harming other people. He told the protesters that their right to protest does "not give anyone the right to harass, intimidate or threaten anyone else." More than 3,000 soldiers were deployed across the country to safeguard key infrastructure. (“Dozens arrested in South Africa protests,” BBC, 20 March 2023)
Kenya: Opposition protests calling the illegitimate government
On 20 March, Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga held countrywide protests against President William Ruto and his government. The demonstrations were against the high cost of living and what the opposition calls an "illegitimate government". The police fired tear gas against the protesters to block them from marching toward the city centre. One protester was shot dead after the demonstrations turned violent in the capital, Nairobi. (“One person shot in Kenya protests,” BBC, 20 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: Junta decides to popularise draft constitution before a referendum
On 17 March, BBC reported on a private media in Mali, Maliweb, which said that the interim President Assimi Goita has called on the National Transitional Council (CNT) to take ownership of the new draft constitution and popularise the same ahead of the referendum. Additionally, the report said that the military leader is planning to present the draft constitution to political groups and civil society organisations on 20 March. This comes after the junta announced an indefinite postponement of the referendum for adoption of the constitution scheduled on 19 March. (“Mali to give hard sell on new draft constitution,” BBC, 17 March 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: At least 68 people killed in series of rebel attacks
On 17 March, BBC reported that at least17 people were killed in a militant attack in eastern Democratic Republic Congo. The Allied Democratic Forces, an active rebel group in the region who are said to have links to the Islamic State, is suspected behind the attack. The attack comes after at least 45 being killed previously by the same rebels on 15 March. Despite the presence of multiple regional and international forces, M23 and ADF rebels' campaigns continue to exacerbate in the country. (“Thousands flee from Islamist rebels in DR Congo,” BBC, 17 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Malawi: More than 200 people killed in tropical storm Freddy
On 16 March, Malawi President Lazarus Chakwera declared a “national tragedy” after more than 200 people died in tropical storm, Freddy. Chakwera promised to intensify rescue operations, as he attended funerals of the victims. The government had set up 30 emergency camps for at least 20,000 people who were forced to leave their homes. Health Minister Khumbize Chiponda described the situation as “very Fragile.” She stated: “We have a history of getting cyclones. Unfortunately for Freddy, it was totally different, totally unexpected.” (“Deadly floods a national tragedy - Malawi leader,” BBC, 16 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Africa: US Secretary of State's visit to Ethiopia and Niger
On 15 March, the US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, during his visit to Ethiopia, highlighted the importance of implementation of the peace agreement between the federal government and the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). He said that there needs to be accountability on atrocities committed by warring parties during the conflict. Meanwhile, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed said that the two leaders discussed strengthening relations which hardened during the conflict. On 16 March, Blinken visited Niger and met with former jihadists who were rehabilitated through a vocational training programme by the US. He called the country a model for the region, which has seen an increasing threat of Islamist militancy. It is the first ever visit by a US Secretary of State to Niger. (“Blinken due to meet Ethiopia political leaders,” BBC, 15 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Protesters march towards the republican palace demanding civilian transition
On 14 March, hundreds of people protested in the Sudanese capital, Khartoum, marching towards the republican palace. The police fired tear gas to crack down the protest. The protesters carried banners with names of those who were killed during the protests which have been going on since the military takeover in 2021. The protests demanding a civilian transition have been led by doctors, journalists, lawyers, teachers and engineers. The latest protests came under the slogan of “the revolution is a union and a neighbourhood committee.” (“Protesters pushed back from Sudan's presidential palace,” BBC, 14 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Africa: 30 migrants feared dead after boat capsized near the Libyan coast
On 13 March, BBC reported that more than 30 people are feared dead after a boat carrying migrants capsized near the coast of Libya. Alarm Phone, a humanitarian group said that it had alerted the authorities in Libya, Italy, and Malta, however, the countries refused to take essential action. The Italian coastguard claimed that the boat was in Libya’s coast and the zone was difficult to reach because of bad weather. The Libyan authorities justified that they had no available boats to send. (“Dozens of migrants feared dead off Libya's coast,” BBC, 13 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Somali regional state denies allegations of supporting Somaliland
On 10 March, Ethiopia’s Somali regional state denied the allegations of supporting the self-declared Somaliland by sending regional troops in the restive Las Anod region. State owned Somali Regional TV (SRTV) quoted the regional government: “We are telling the Somaliland administration that there are no DDS (Ethiopia’s Somali regional state) troops who are part of the violence in Las Anod.” The regional government denounced the allegations as “reckless” adding that Somaliland was “seeking to reduce political pressure by pointing fingers at non-existing enemies.” The officials also warned the Somaliland authorities on the comment that it could create hostilities between respective communities. (“Ethiopia region denies supporting Somalia clashes,” BBC, 10 March 2023)
Mali: Military junta postpones referendum
On 10 March, BBC reported that Mali’s military junta postponed the constitutional referendum which was supposed to be a significant development to the planned civilian transition. In July 2022, ECOWAS lifted sanctions on Mali after the military promised to hold elections in February 2024. However, the new decision has made correspondents to comment not surprising and will substantiate the suspicion of Colonel Assimi Goita wanting to prolong in power. (“Mali's military to postpone key referendum,” BBC, 10 March 2023)
Nigeria: At least 25 people killed in Islamist militant attack
On 10 March, BBC reported that at least 25 people were killed in an Islamist militant attack in the north-eastern Borno state. The attack is suspected to be carried out by Islamic State West Africa Province (Iswap) militants. The UN has condemned the attack; UN Humanitarian Coordinator in Nigeria, Matthias Schmale stated: “This deeply shocking attack is another horrific reminder of the real threats of violence and insecurity that IDPs and other people affected by more than 13 years of the non-international armed conflict in the region continue to face daily in their struggle to survive.” (“At least 25 killed in Nigeria jihadist attack; UN condemns suspected Islamist attack in Nigeria,” BBC, 10 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Kenya: Currency crisis beyond governments control, says trade minister
On 9 March, Kenya's trade minister said that currency shortage in the country is beyond governments' control. He called for incentives that would encourage local manufacturers to protect them from foreign competitors. A local media outlet reported that the Central Bank of Kenya (CBK) has directed commercial banks to ration dollars following the shortage of currency. Economists say that tough rules in the interbank currency market by the regulator is behind the crisis. In 2022, Kenyan currency lost nine per cent against the dollar. (“Kenya's dollar shortage out of our control - minister,” BBC, 9 March 2023)
Mauritania: German firms signs MoU for green energy project
On 9 March, a German firm said that it signed a Memorandum of Understanding for a USD 34 billion worth green energy project in Mauritania. The project is expected to produce up to eight million tons of hydrogen-based products annually in Mauritania. Egyptian and Emirati companies are also part of the project. The first phase of the project is due to be finished in Five years. (“German firm signs $34bn Mauritania green energy deal,” BBC, 9 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Somalia: 13 men executed in semi-autonomous Puntland
On 8 March, BBC reported that 13 men were executed in Somalia’s semi-autonomous Puntland region. Nine of them belonged to Islamist militant groups Al-Shabab and Islamic State; six were former soldiers accused of murder. Meanwhile, human rights groups say the number of executions have significantly increased in Somalia. (“Soldiers and militants executed in Somali region,” BBC, 8 March 2023)
South Africa: GDP decline by 1.3 per cent
On 8 March, BBC reported that South Africa’s Gross Domestic Product decreased by 1.3 per cent in the fourth quarter of 2022. Analysts say that the decline is far more than expected and blamed the energy crisis affecting productivity. Businesses were paralysed by power disruption leaving an increase in production cost as they had to depend on contingency power. Though the South African economy grew by two percent in 2022, it is far behind the six per cent target. (“South Africa's economy shrinks by more than expected,” BBC, 8 March 2023)
Nigeria: INEC postpones local assembly elections
On 8 March, Nigeria’s Independent National Election Commission (INEC) postponed elections for state governors and local assemblies for a week. The elections will be held on 18 March. This comes after the opposition challenged the presidential elections held last month alleging irregularities with the electronic voting system. The electoral commission said the legal challenge held up preparations and the machines would not be ready in time. (“Nigeria postpones election of state governors,” BBC, 8 March 2023)
Africa: Cyclone Freddy; death toll reaches 21
On 8 March, BBC reported that at least 21 people were killed following the cyclone Freddy in Indian Ocean island, Madagascar and Mozambique. The storm has become the long-lasting one on record, reaching 32 days. The World Meteorological Organization (WMO) described the cyclone as meteorologically “remarkable”. According to the UN, more than 160,000 people have been affected by the storm. (“Cyclone Freddy: Rare and deadly storm to hit Mozambique again,” BBC, 8 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Tunisia: President dismisses accusations of racism
On 5 March, President Kais Saied, while denying allegations of racism, warned perpetrators of racial attacks of legal actions. Saied claimed that those carrying out the racism campaign are known sources. Reiterating that Tunisia was an African country, Saied said: “Africans are our brothers.” The development comes after Saied accused African migrants of attempting to alter Tunisia’s demography. (“Tunisia leader warns against racial attacks amid row,” BBC, 6 March 2023)
Sudan: SPLM-IO calls for reinstatement of defence minister
On 6 March, BBC reported Sudan People’s Liberation Movement in Opposition (SPLM-IO) was calling on President Salva Kiir to reinstate Defense Minister Angelina Teny after she was removed from her post on 3 March, along with the Interior Minister. The SPLM-IO termed the removal of Teny a violation of the peace agreement. The presidential decree provided no explanation behind the move. Kiir also moved the Defence Ministry to his party Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM) and the Interior Ministry to the SPLM-IO. The SPLM-IO said that swapping the ministries was also a violation of the agreement. (Nichola Mandil, “South Sudan opposition wants sacked minister reinstated,” BBC, 6 March 2023)
Central African Republic: West has kept the country unstable, claims president
On 5 March, President Faustin-Archange Touadéra, while addressing the UN Least Developed Countries (LDCs) conference, accused the West of keeping the Central African Republic politically unstable. Touadéra said that since independence, CAR has been witnessing “systematic looting facilitated by the political instability maintained by certain Western countries or their companies which finance armed terrorist groups whose main leaders are foreign mercenaries.” Touadéra termed CAR a “victim of geostrategic aims linked to its natural resources” and said “foreign interference” had fuelled “dependence, insecurity and instability” in CAR and several other countries. (“The West keeps Central African Republic unstable - president,” BBC, 6 March 2023)
Burkina Faso: North and Centre east placed under curfew to fight terrorism
On 5 March, AFP reported that the North and Centre East parts had been placed under curfew until 31 March to fight jihadists. The news report quoted a note from the secretary general of the governorate for the North: “In the framework of the fight against terrorism, a curfew is established from 22:00 to 05:00 across all the regional territory from Friday March 3 to Friday 31 March. According to the official, the curfew would be useful to the army deployed near the border with Mali. Previously, the Koulpelogo province was also placed under curfew, keeping in line with an administrative communiqué from the high commission in Ghana and Togo. (“Burkina Faso imposes curfews to help 'fight against terrorism',” News24, 6 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
US begins annual counter-terrorism training for African soldiers
On 1 March, the US commenced its annual counter-terrorism training, Flintlock, for soldiers across Africa in Ghana. In the programme aimed to improve border defences against Islamist insurgency, American and European trainers prepare soldiers on first aid and firing drills. The US Africa Command said: “Flintlock intends to strengthen the ability of key partner nations in the region to counter violent extremist organizations, collaborate across borders, and provide security for their people.” (“U.S. Special Forces launch counter-terrorism drills with African armies,” Reuters, 3 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: Ruling party wins the election, Bola Tinubu announced as new President
On 2 March, ruling party All Progressive Congress (APC) candidate, Bola Tinubu, won Nigeria’s presidential elections by securing 37 per cent of votes. After being announced the winner, he said in a televised speech: “I take this opportunity to appeal to my fellow contestants to let us team up together. It is the only nation we have. It is one country and we must build it together.” Meanwhile, Peter Obi, opposition candidate belonging to the Labour party criticised the election results claiming that voters were robbed at the polling station and pledged to legally challenge the results. He said at a news conference: “We won the election and we will prove it to Nigerians.” The head of the African Union Commission, Moussa Fakki congratulated Tinubu urging all parties to "uphold peace and the rule of law." Further he added: "any post-election dispute or grievance (should) be pursued through the judicial system, as provided for by the law." Following the announcement of the results, the US State Department stated: “This competitive election represents a new period for Nigerian politics and democracy.” The UK Prime Minister congratulated the new President Bola Tinubu saying: “I look forward to working together to grow our security and trade ties, opening up opportunities for businesses and creating prosperity in both our countries.” (“Rishi Sunak congratulates Tinubu on election win,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “US congratulates Nigeria president-elect, urges calm,” BBC, 2 March 2023; “Bola Tinubu wins Nigeria's presidential election against Atiku Abubakar and Peter Obi,” BBC, 2 March 2023)
South Africa: The US downplays joint military exercise with Russia and China
On 2 March, the US commander in Africa, General Michael Langley downplayed the recent joint military exercise by South Africa along with Russia and China in the Indian Ocean. He said that the US offered better security partnerships to African countries however, would not force them to pick partners to cooperate militarily with. He described the joint naval exercise as power projection by Russia and China. Additionally, he warned of the growing presence of the Russian Wagner Group in west African countries, saying that they are destabilising entities. (“US downplays SA-China-Russia military exercise,” BBC, 2 March 2023)
Uganda: President defends decision to terminate UN’s OHCHR operations
On 2 March, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni defended his government’s decision to terminate the operations of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) in the country. Responding to a journalist who questioned the decision, he said: “This is because we have Ugandan Human Rights Commission which is mandated by the constitution. So having others which are not part of our constitution system is first of all unnecessary, but also diversionary.” He added: “They [OCHR] don't have the powers of enforcement.'' This comes after the Ugandan government announced that it would not renew the mandate of the OHCHR on 3 February. (“Ugandan leader defends move to shut UN rights office,” BBC, 2 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: Al-Shabab’s attack and army’s counter operations
On 1 March, the state-run news agency said that at least 10 Al-Shabab militants were killed in a security operation. On 22 February, BBC reported that at least 10 people were killed in an attack in Somali’s capital Mogadishu. The authorities said that Al-Shabab is responsible for the siege at the building occupied by pro-government militia. Security forces said that they have killed four members of the Al-Shabab group. Despite significant gains by Somalia’s military backed by the African Union and the US forces, the militant group continues to carry out frequent attacks. (“Al-Shabab commanders killed in Somalia operation,” BBC, 1 March 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Africa: France unveils new Africa strategy
On 28 February, the French President, Emmanuel Macron unveiled France’s new Africa strategy which is to reduce its troop presence in the continent. Macron described French military bases in Africa as a heritage from the past and that France should not be a scapegoat for failures in the fight against insurgency in the Sahel. This comes a week after Russia promised to increase its military support to west African countries alongside the controversy over the presence of Russian Wagner Group in Mali. Meanwhile, Macron described the group as the life insurance of failing regimes in the region. (“France to reduce troops in Africa in new strategy,” BBC, 28 February 2023)
Nigeria: Oppositions protest against the INEC and irregularities in the election results
On 28 February, members of Nigeria’s major opposition parties walked out of the National Collation Center protesting against the irregularities in the results announced. The main oppositions People’s Democratic Party and Labour party, alleged that there were instances of over-voting and disparities in the results. Meanwhile, protests broke out in major towns denouncing the Independent National Election Commission (INEC), accusing the body of running non-transparent elections and demanding a rerun. (“Demonstrators out in support of electoral commission,” BBC, 28 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Africa: Macron to announce new Africa strategy ahead of visit
On 27 February, BBC reported that French President Emmanuael Macron is expected to outline the new Africa policy ahead of his four-nation visit to the continent. He will be visiting Gabon, Angola, Congo-Brazzaville and Democratic Republic of Congo this week. The visit comes alongside the increasing Russian and Chinese footprints in the continent alongside probing anti-French sentiments in the west African countries. (“Macron seeks strategy shift in Africa visit,” BBC, 27 February 2023)
Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 seizes more territory
On 27 February, BBC reported that the M23 rebels had seized more territory in Mushaki and Ryaya areas of the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The Congolese army has not yet commented on the reports of capture. The areas are said to have large deposits of coltan, manganese, tantalum and other minerals. According to the new timelines by East Africa defence chiefs, the rebels were supposed to withdraw on 28 February from territories they had seized. (“Rebels seize more ground as DR Congo fighting rages, BBC, 27 February 2023)
Nigeria: Opposition party accuses irregularities in the election results
On 27 February, the major opposition parties in Nigeria, the Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) and the Labour Party member stormed out of the election results announcing centres alleging irregularities in the results. A PDP member accused the Independent National Election Commission (INEC) of non-transparent results saying: “We have evidence of Bvas machines malfunctioning in several states and we have asked the commission to provide us the state results on its portal as promised but they declined.” However, INEC has denied the allegations. (“Opposition parties storm out of election centre,” BBC, 27 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: At least 12 people killed in militant attack
On 24 February, BBC reported that at least 12 people were killed in an Islamist militant attack in central Mali’s Mopti region. Malian officials said that gunmen attacked a village, shot people, and burnt homes. Jihadist groups linked to al Qaeda and the Islamic State are suspected to be responsible for the attack. (“Villagers shot and homes burnt down in central Mali,” BBC, 24 February 2023)
Ethiopia: At least seven people died of starvation
On 24 February, BBC reported that at least seven people died of starvation in Borena region in southern Ethiopia following severe drought. The district administrator in the region, Dhenge Wario said that among those who died included a two-month-old baby and elderly people. He added: “People are not eating food for many days. Their cattle are all dead.” According to the disaster prevention and food security office in the region, more than 800,000 people are in need of emergency food assistance. The Horn of Africa has been facing what the UN called “the most severe drought in two generations,” followed by five consecutive failed rainy seasons. (“Seven die as drought ravages southern Ethiopia,” BBC, 24 February 2023)
Burkina Faso: Government's plan to recruit troops
On 24 February, Burkina Faso government military announced that it will recruit another 5,000 soldiers to fight Islamist insurgency surging the country. The Defence Minister, Colonel Kassoum Coulibaly said that the new recruits, aged between 20 and 35, need to be prepared to serve in the army for the next five years. The announcement comes after at least 50 soldiers were killed in an attack a week ago in the north of the country. (“Burkina Faso to recruit 5,000 soldiers to fight jihadists,” BBC, 24 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: AU observer applauds Nigerian government’s commitment to a free and fair election
On 23 February, African Union observer and former Kenyan President, Uhuru Kenyatta said that the Nigerian government is showing commitment to oversee a credible election. He said that the authorities seem “quite confident” that they could hold “free, fair and transparent” elections. Besides warning on the challenges ahead of the elections, Kenyatta added that the presidential candidates had told him that they can “surmount” those challenges, including security concerns, irregularities, and the cash shortages following the recent redesign of the currency. (“Nigeria government committed to credible vote - Kenyatta,” BBC, 23 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: At least ten people killed in Al-Shabab attack
On 22 February, BBC reported that at least 10 people were killed in an attack in Somali’s capital Mogadishu. The authorities said that al Shabab is responsible for the siege at a building occupied by pro-government militia. Security forces said that they have killed four members of al Shabab group. Despite significant gains by Somalia’s military backed by the African Union and the US forces, the militant group continues to carry out frequent attacks. (“Ten killed as Somali forces end siege in Mogadishu,” BBC, 22 February 2023)
Tunisia: President Saied’s remarks criticised
On 22 February, Tunisian President Kais Saied called for “emergency measures” against irregular migrants from sub-Saharan Africa. Rights groups have criticised his remarks that the influx of migrants was aimed at changing the country’s demography as racist. The Reuters news agency quoted him: “The undeclared goal of the successive waves of illegal immigration is to consider Tunisia a purely African country that has no affiliation to the Arab and Islamic nations.” A spokesperson for the Tunisian Forum for Economic and Social Rights described Saied’s remarks: “A racist approach just like the campaigns in Europe…the presidential campaign aims to create an imaginary enemy for Tunisians to distract them from their basic problems.” (“Tunisia leader's remarks against migrants criticised,” BBC, 22 February 2023)
Somaliland: Thousands fleeing to Ethiopia amid violence, says UN
On 22 February, the UN said that thousands of civilians fled the self-declared republic of Somaliland to Ethiopia following fighting between regional government forces and local militias. The UN’s refugee agency, the UNHRC said that more than 80,000 people have reached Ethiopia’s Doole area from Somaliland’s Las Anod district the previous month. (“Thousands flee to Ethiopia amid Somaliland violence,” BBC, 22 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Mali: Three UN peacekeepers killed in central Mali blast
On 21 February, the UN Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali said at least three UN peacekeepers had been killed and five injured in an IED blast in central Mali. The development comes a day after the military government raised its objections against the European Council’s head’s remarks that the Malian state was “collapsing” as militants, largely linked to the Islamic State and al Qaeda, were making advances into new territories. (“Three UN peacekeepers killed by roadside bomb in Mali,” Al Jazeera, 21 February 2023)
Nigeria: Eight police officers killed in suspected IPOB attack
On 20 February, a local police spokesperson in Anambra state said at least eight police officers had been killed in two separate attacks suspected to be carried out by the Indigenous People of Biafra (IPOB). The spokesperson said a patrol vehicle and three exhibit vehicles had been set on fire in the attack and that two attackers were arrested and three were “fatally wounded.” The attacks come days ahead of the presidential elections; an Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC) official said deployment to some stations may be hindered due to security challenges. (“Suspected rebels kill 8 police officers ahead of Nigeria election,” Al Jazeera, 21 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Africa: AU continues suspension of Israel delegate to summit
On 19 February, the African Union commission chairperson Moussa Faki Mahamat said that Israel's observer status to the AU would remain suspended. Mahamat said: “The status is suspended until such time as this committee can deliberate … and so we did not invite Israeli officials to our summit.” Previously, the removal of Israel's deputy director-general of the Africa division, during a summit, sparked criticism from Tel Aviv. (Lenin Ndebele, “Israel still frozen out of AU observer status,” News24, 20 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Libya: Guterres calls for political will to address a stalemate
On 17 February, UN Secretary-General António Guterres said: “Overcoming the current political impasse in Libya can unleash much-needed progress in tackling myriad crises there. Guterres, while attending the session by the High-level Committee on Libya, said the solution lies in the “political will to break the protracted political stalemate.” Guterres added that the “absence of elections worsens economic insecurity, heightens political instability, risks renewed conflict, and raises the specter of partition.” (“Guterres in Africa: End political stalemate in Libya now, UN chief urges leaders,” UN News, 17 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Three dissenting clerics reinstated in Oromia
On 15 February the Orthodox Church said it had reached an agreement with three clerics in the Oromia region declared themselves archbishops after accusing the main church of bias against Oromos. The agreement reinstated the clerics, promised funds, resources to the churches in Oromia, and emphasised the need to train more Afaan Oromo-speaking priests. (“Ethiopian Orthodox Church reaches deal with three rogue bishops,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)
Nigeria: President extends deadline for exchanging old banknotes
On 16 February, President Muhammadu Buhari approved the extension of the deadline to exchange old banknotes till 10 April. The previous deadline to exchange denominations of 1,000, 500, and 200 naira notes was 10 February; however, shortage of new notes led to violence and queues outside banks. However, Buhari maintained that while 200 notes could be used until 10 April, 1000 and 500 notes had to be exchanged at the central bank and other authorised points. The development contradicts the Supreme Court’s ruling that all old notes will remain legal until challenges filed by state governments are heard. (“Nigeria’s Buhari extends deadline to turn in old banknotes,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
DRC-Rwanda: Kigali accuses Congolese soldiers of attacking border post
On 15 February, Rwanda said 12 to 14 Congolese soldiers had crossed into the neutral zone and opened fire at a border post. Kigali termed it “an act of provocation.” However, the Democratic Republic of the Congo denied the claim; the South Kivu province governor said: “In no case did the [army] cross the neutral zone, let alone open fire in the direction of Rwanda.” The governor added: “Rwanda’s tendency to want to portray itself as a victim and stoke tensions by making false accusations reveals without any doubt its intention to attack South Kivu province, as is currently the case in the war of aggression that it is carrying out in North Kivu.” (“Rwanda accuses DR Congo soldiers of attack on army border post,” Al Jazeera, 16 February 2023)
Libya: At least 73 migrants presumed dead after a shipwreck
On 15 February, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) said that at least 73 migrants are presumed dead after a shipwreck at the Libyan coast. So far 11 bodies were recovered by the Libyan Red Crescent and police. The ship was carrying migrants to Europe through the route that IOM described as "the world's deadliest migratory sea crossing." According to IOM, more than 130 people have died this year alone while trying to cross the Mediterranean Sea through the route. (“More than 70 migrants feared dead after shipwreck,” BBC, 15 February 2023) Nigeria:
Nigeria: Protests over shortage of cash
On 15 February, BBC reported that the frustrated Nigerian public have taken to the streets over the scarcity of cash following the central bank's decision to scrap old notes and replace them with new notes that are yet to reach widely. A regional newspaper reported that protesters attacked banks and destroyed ATM machines. Meanwhile, two people are feared dead after the protest turned violent. Roads were blocked with burning tyres and banks and other businesses were shut in Ibadan city following the violent protest. Country is expected to carry out presidential elections by the end of February. (“Ex-Kenyan leader to head AU mission in Nigeria polls,” BBC, 15 February 2023, “Protests over cash shortage hit parts of Nigeria,” BBC, 15 February 2023)
The Uk accused of crimes against humanity over occupation of Chagos island
On 15 February, the Uk has been accused of crimes against humanity over its refusal to allow a group of islanders to return to Chagos archipelago. Human Rights Watch said that reparations should be paid to generations that were affected by the decision to depopulate the island during the colonial times. However, the UK Foreign Office stressed on its repeating "deep regret" response adding that it "categorically reject the characterization of events" as crimes against humanity. The HRW report comes as the UK is facing severe international criticism for holding on to what it calls as "British Indian Ocean Territory" though the UN's International Court of Justice ruled British occupation of the Island as illegal. ("UK accused of crimes against humanity over Chagos," BBC, 15 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: Russian warship arrives in Cape Town for joint military drills
On 13 February, a Russian warship docked in Cape Town harbour as part of South Africa’s previously announced joint military drill with China and Russia. The drills are expected to run for 10 days from 17 to 27 February in the port city of Durban and Richards Bay. The South African defence ministry defended the drills after facing severe criticism for its engagement with Russia by claiming that the country has hosted similar military exercises with France, the US and other western allies previously. (“Russian warship docks in S Africa ahead of joint drills,” BBC, 14 February 2023)
Kenya: President orders the army to join security operation amid increasing bandits attack
On 14 February, Kenyan President Willam Ruto ordered the army to join a security operation against the armed groups in the northern Rift Valley region. According to the interior ministry, more than 100 civilians were killed in attacks by armed men in the past six months. Besides, the government has been facing severe criticism for inadequate response to increasing security issues in the region. (“Kenya to deploy army as bandits kill over 100,” BBC, 14 February 2023)
Ukraine to launch training programme for African diplomats
On 14 February, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said that the country has launched a “comprehensive” four-day online training programme for African diplomats, as an effort to strengthen relations with the continent. The ministry said that the agreement was reached in October 2022 during the foreign minister’s visit to Africa. Kuleba said: “During my tour, our African partners showed considerable interest in studying Ukrainian diplomatic experience.” He added: “The course developed is a continuation of the renaissance of relations between Ukraine and African countries, and will also be our practical contribution to strengthening the stability of the African continent.” (“Ukraine to train African diplomats amid Russia invasion,” BBC, 14 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Eritrea: President accuses the US of supporting Tigray rebels
On 13 February, Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki accused the US of supporting the Tigray rebels during the Ethiopia-Tigray conflict. He claimed that the peace deal between the federal government and the Tigray rebels was rushed by the US to halt the rebels from losing their ground. Additionally, for the first time Afwerki admitted that thousands of people died during the conflict. Previous week, he denied the reports of war crimes committed by Eritrean troops which fought alongside the Ethiopian federal forces. (“US supported rebels in Tigray conflict - Eritrean leader,” BBC, 13 February 2023)
Burkina Faso: At least 12 civilians killed in armed men attack
On 13 February, BBC reported that at least 12 civilians were killed in an attack by armed men in northern Burkina Faso. Residents of the village told a French news agency that armed men on motorbikes stormed the village and looted animals and goods. Assailants are assumed to be members of an Islamist group that has forced thousands to flee their homes in Burkina Faso and in neighbouring Mali and Niger. (“Twelve civilians killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 13 February 2023)
Mali: 12 killed in attack near Mali border
On 13 February, BBC referred to a French news agency and reported that at least 12 civilians had been killed in an attack in Kossi province along the border with Mali in the north. Locals told the news agency that unidentified armed men, suspected to be linked to the Islamist insurgency, stormed a village on 10 February, looted animals and goods, and killed the civilians. (“Twelve civilians killed in Burkina Faso attack,” BBC, 13 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
DR Congo: Former Kenyan president calls for more regional troops
On 10 February, former Kenyan President Uhuru Kenyatta, a mediator for the East African Community (EAC) bloc said that more troops are needed in Democratic Republic of Congo where the armed groups have withdrawn, according to the Luanda agreement. He expressed concerns over the deteriorating security situation in the North Kivu province where the M23 rebel attacks had resumed. In addition, he urged all parties to focus on the implementation of the resolutions of the third round of talks in Nairobi and appealed for urgent humanitarian support in the region. Meanwhile, Uganda and South Sudan have announced their decision to send troops to DRC. (“Ex-Kenyan leader urges more regional troops to DR Congo,” BBC, 10 February 2023)
President declares state of disaster to manage power crisis
On 9 February, President Cyril Ramaphosa declared a national state of disaster to address the power crisis. Ramaphosa said this would help the government support food production, storage and retail supply chain, and roll out solar panels for unhindered power supply. Ramaphosa said a Minister of Electricity will be appointed to the presidency “work with the Eskom board and management on ending load shedding and ensuring that the Energy Action Plan is implemented without delay.” (Hassan Isilow, “South Africa’s president declares state of disaster over power crisis,” Anadolu Agency, 10 February 2023)
Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso to seek re-entry to ECOWAS and AU
On 9 February, Mali, Guinea and Burkina Faso sought re-entry to the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union (AU). The three countries were suspended after they were taken over by their militaries. Following a meeting between the respective foreign ministers, a joint statement read that they “agreed to pool their efforts and undertake joint initiatives for the lifting of the suspension measures and other restrictions” by the AU and ECOWAS. The ministers criticised the sanctions claiming that they impact their citizens, who are already suffering from insecurity and political instability. (“Mali, Guinea, Burkina Faso seek re-entry to regional blocs,” Al Jazeera, 10 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: UN warns famine after failed rainy season
On 9 February, the United Nations warned of a possible famine in Somalia by April. The warning comes amid the sixth consecutive failed rainy season in the country, which has left over seven million people affected.. The UN, the Somali government and humanitarian agencies said that the international response to the drought was insufficient. Besides, the dire humanitarian situation has forced more than 1.4 million people to flee their homes. The country’s special envoy to the UN for drought response said: “Somalis have zero contribution to climate change but we are facing this dire consequence.” (“Somalia famine warning as rains set to fail again,” BBC, 9 February 2023)
Eritrean president visits Kenya, dismisses right abuse allegation in Ethiopia
On 9 February, Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki dismissed the reports of Eritrean troops committing war crimes during the conflict in Ethiopia’s Tigray region. He said that the claims were part of a disinformation campaign by detractors of the peace agreement signed between the Ethiopian government and Tigray authorities. He also declined to answer the questions regarding the complete withdrawal of Eritrean troops from Tigray. President Isaias was speaking in Kenya following his meeting with Kenyan President William Ruto. (“Eritrea leader dismisses army rights abuse allegations,” BBC, 9 February 2023)
Sudan: Russian foreign minister’s visit
On 9 February, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov visited Sudan, met with the military leaders and urged the country to resolve political challenges. The country has been in a continuing political crisis after the coup in October 2021. Lavrovs’ visit coincides with western diplomats meeting with the military leaders to receive assurances of the council’s commitment to the agreement for a civilian transition. Lavrov criticised the western efforts as “attempts to teach the Sudanese how to do things.” (“Russia urges Sudan to solve its political challenges,” BBC, 9 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: Russian Foreign Minister pledges military assistance during visit
On 8 February, Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov during his visit to Mali pledged assistance to west African countries fighting Islamist insurgency. During the press conference with his Malian counterpart Abdoulaye Diop he said: “The fight against terrorism is, of course, an issue for the other countries in the region. We are going to provide our assistance to them to overcome these difficulties. This concerns Guinea, Burkina Faso and Chad and the Sahel region generally and even the coastal states on the Gulf of Guinea.” He added: “We always start from the basis that African problems must be resolved by African solutions.” Diop replied: “We are not going to continue to justify our choice of partners … Russia is here at Mali’s request, and Russia responds effectively to Mali’s needs by strengthening its defence capabilities.” (“Russia’s Lavrov vows aid for W Africa fight against armed groups,” Al Jazeera, 8 February 2023)
Somaliland: At least 50 people killed in clashes
On 8 February, the UN called for an investigation into the death of 50 people during clashes between regional government and local militias in the self-declared republic of Somaliland. The clashes occurred over the disputed city of Las Anod between Somaliland and Puntland. Reuters quoted a resident of the city: “Somaliland forces are carrying out heavy attacks on medical facilities and civilian homes. The deaths and injuries of civilians cannot be counted.” Somalia’s President Hassan Sheikh Mahmoud called for calm and urged Somaliland authorities to negotiate with traditional leaders for peace. (“UN urges probe into deadly Somaliland clashes, BBC, 8 February 2023)
Tunisia: President sacks Foreign Minister
On 8 February, Tunisian President Kais Saied fired Foreign Minister Othman Jerandi without providing any reason. Jerandi became foreign minister for Saied’s government in September 2020. He is the fourth minister to be sacked from position this year, with the trade, agriculture and education ministers already being replaced. In 2021, President Saied initiated various measures enhancing the presidency powers. Later in 2022, opposition parties boycotted parliamentary elections accusing the autocratic government under Saied. Just about 11 per cent of Tunisians casted their vote for the second round elections which was held the previous month. (“Tunisian president fires his foreign minister,” BBC, 8 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: 15 pilgrims killed in gunmen attack
On 7 February, at least 15 Nigerian Muslim pilgrims were killed in an attack by unidentified gunmen. Following the incident, the Nigerian presidential spokesperson said: “The Nigerian foreign affairs ministry, through the Nigerian embassy in Burkina Faso, is engaging with the Burkinable authorities and awaits the outcome of their investigation of the unfortunate incident, and if necessary, to ensure that all culprits are appropriately sanctioned.” President Muhammadu Buhari shared condolences to the deceased and added that the government would make “every effort” to return the survivors back home as well as the bodies of those killed. (“Nigeria pilgrims killed in Burkina Faso bus attack,” BBC, 7 February 2023)
Democratic Republic of the Congo: At least eight killed in protests against peacekeeping forces
On 7 February, hundreds of people protested against the UN and the East African Regional Force accusing them of failing to support the Congolese force’s operations against the M23 rebels. On 8 February, BBC reported that at least eight people were killed during violent clashes between the protesters and the peacekeeping forces. The military governor of the North Kivu province said that the peacekeepers fired in self-defence when the protesters attacked a convoy. (“Deadly protests against regional force in DR Congo,” BBC, 7 February 2023)
Ethiopia: Tigray authorities says Eritrean troops still remain in the region
On 7 February, the authorities of Ethiopia's Tigray region said that despite the reports of withdrawal, Eritrean troops continue to remain as small units in the region. Tigray People Liberation Front (TPLF) spokesperson Getachew Reda said: "Although there were occasions when they [Eritrean troops] withdrew in an organised manner, there are instances of in and out of small units, and this should be addressed fully." (“Eritrean troops still in northern Ethiopia - TPLF,” BBC, 7 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Mali: Military government expels UN mission’s human rights chief
On 6 February, Mali’s military government expelled the UN peacekeeping mission’s human rights chief. The move comes after the government accused the human rights chief of commiting “subversive actions” in his selection of witnesses to testify at the UN Security Council briefings on Mali. Meanwhile, Mali’s foreign ministry said that Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov will visit the country on 7 February which will be his second visit to Africa in two weeks. The Yerewolo movement, which promotes closer ties with Russia, welcomed Lavrov’s visit and called for the installation on a Russian military base in Gao region. (“Mali junta expels UN mission's human rights chief,” BBC, 6 February 2023)
DR Congo: HRW warns escalation of tensions between Tutsi-Hutu communities
On 6 February, the Human Rights Watch warned of the escalation of tensions between the Tutsi and Hutu ethnic communities in eastern DR Congo. The escalation of violence comes as a result of increased fighting involving the M23 rebels in the region. The M23 armed rebel group is accused of carrying out summary executions and forced recruitment of civilians and Rwanda is accused of backing the group. This comes alongside the death of a UN peacekeeper from South Africa in an attack on a helicopter. The UN responded to the attack saying: “Monusco strongly condemns this cowardly attack against an aircraft bearing the United Nations emblem.” (“Rwanda-backed rebels stirring ethnic divisions - HRW, BBC, 6 February 2023, “Peacekeeper killed in attack on UN helicopter in DR Congo,” BBC, 6 February 2023)
Ethiopia: Millions cast vote in referendum for new region
On 6 February, Ethiopia held a referendum to establish a new regional state. More than three million people are registered to vote for the referendum. This is the third such referendum held in a span of four years. If the referendum gets a yes vote, the new region is to be called Southern Ethiopia region. (“Millions vote in Ethiopia referendum for new region,” BBC, 6 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Anu Maria Joseph
South Sudan: The Pope’s visit
On 3 February, Pope Francis arrived in Juba, South Sudan’s capital which will be his second African country to visit after the Democratic Republic Congo this week. The Archbishop of Canterbury Justin Welby and the Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Scotland Ian Greenshields have joined with the pope for the visit. Meanwhile, a Catholic archbishop raised concerns on the death of at least 21 people during an attack on a cattle camp in Kajo-Keji County on eve of Pope’s visit. (“Top clergy decry South Sudan killings on eve of Pope's visit,” BBC, 3 February 2023, “Pope Francis lands in South Sudan,” BBC, 3 February 2023)
Sudan: Israeli Foreign Minister’s visit, announcement of signing peace deal
On 3 February, Israel Foreign Minister Eli Cohen during his one-day visit to Sudan, announced that Israel and Sudan will sign a “historic peace agreement,” in a few months. Sudan agreed to revive ties with Israel two years before, however this has never been implemented. Subsequently, Sudan would become the latest Arab League country to normalise ties with Israel. Additionally, Sudan’s foreign ministry said that Cohen and Sudan’s military leader Abdal Fattah al Burhan “discussed means for establishing fruitful relations with Israel” and strengthen cooperation in “agricultural, energy, health, water, educational fields with special emphasis on security and military fields.” (“Israel says Sudan peace deal to be signed,” BBC, 8 January 2023)
Ethiopia: PM Abiy Ahmed meets Tigray authorities
On 3 February, BBC reported that Ethiopia’s Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed met with Tigrayan leaders for the first time since the peace deal was signed in November 2022. They discussed the progress of the implementation of the peace deal as well as the issues that need further attention. (“Abiy meets Tigray leaders for first time since peace deal,” BBC, 3 February 2022)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Nigeria: At least eight killed by gunmen in central Nigeria
On 1 February, the Benue state police spokesperson said eight people, including a divisional police chief, had been killed by gunmen in Naka town in central Nigeria. The divisional police chief was leading an officers’ team against the armed group in a gunfight. The development took place after the police received a distress call when gunmen blocked the Markurdi-Naka road and forced travellers along the road to flee. (“Gunmen kill police chief, seven others in central Nigeria,” Al Jazeera, 2 February 2023)
Ghana: Eight people allegedly killed by military; high command dismisses claims
On 1 February, BBC quoted eyewitnesses who said eight people, including a 12-year-old boy, had been killed after armed men in military shot at civilians in Bawku town in the north along the Burkina Faso border; the boy was reportedly burnt to death. The MP for Bawku Central accused the military of carrying out the attack and demanded an immediate investigation. However, the military high command had previously issued a statement warning people from wearing military uniforms. (Thomas Naadi, “Ghana military denies role in civilian deaths in the north,” BBC, 2 February 2023)
Morocco: Spanish PM visits Rabat marking new turn in relations
On 2 February, Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez arrived in Rabat and met Morocco's Prime Minister Aziz Akhannouch amid thawing relations between the two countries. France24 quoted Sanchez: "We are going to avoid anything that may offend the other, especially with regard to our respective spheres of sovereignty." Sanchez's visit is the first high-level visit since 2015; Sanchez emphasised the "enormous unexplored potential" of Spain-Morocco relations and said the meeting indicates a consolidation of a new stage in bilateral ties. On the same day, at least 20 deals were signed on investments, energy and education. (“In Morocco, Spain PM reinforces ties after crisis,” France24, 2 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Lukashenko concludes visit to Zimbabwe
On 1 February, Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko concluded a three-day visit to Zimbabwe. Lukashenko told the media: “We are not using colonial style. We are not here to do that. We plan to expand our ties with Africa because the world cannot develop without Africa and the world belongs to Africa.” Lukashenko and Zimbabwean Emmerson Mnangagwa signed eight agreements; meanwhile, Lukashenk defended his visit at a time when Mnangagwa is seeking a readmission to the Commonwealth, terming Zimbabwe “a friend to all and an enemy to none.” (Lenin Ndebele, “We plan to expand our ties with Africa, says Belarus strongman Lukashenko,” News24, 1 February 2023)
UNODC report highlights alarming deaths from fake medicines
On 1 February, UN News reported on the latest Trafficking in Medical Products in the Sahel report released by the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC). The report highlighted that in Sub-Saharan Africa, at least 267,000 deaths per year were caused by “falsified and substandard antimalarial medicines” and 169,271 deaths by “falsified and substandard antibiotics.” In West Africa, over 605 tonnes of medical products were seized between January 2017 and December 2021, and diverted from the legal supply chain. The report holds that several “pharmaceutical company employees, public officials, law enforcement officers, health agency workers and street vendors” are involved in trafficking. (“Fake medicines kill almost 500,000 sub-Saharan Africans a year: UNODC report,” UN News, 1 February 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Mali: Rights experts urge independent probe into Wagner Group operations
On 31 January, independent rights experts appointed by the UN and the UN Working Group on Mercenaries called on Mali to begin an immediate probe into the mass killings in Moura village in 2022. The UN News quoted the experts: “We are particularly worried by credible reports that over the course of several days in late March 2022, Malian armed forces accompanied by military personnel believed to belong to the Wagner Group, executed several hundred people, who had been rounded up in Moura, a village in central Mali.” The experts said they had also received reports of the Wagner Group’s human rights and sexual abuses in the Central African Republic; they said they were apprehensive of the “increased outsourcing of traditional military functions” to the Wagner Group. (“Mali: Independent rights experts call for probe into Wagner Group’s alleged crimes,” UN News, 31 January 2023)
Eswatini: Political tensions on the rise, says SADC
On 31 January, the Southern African Development Community (SADC) said political tensions over the killing of Thulani Maseko on 21 January were increasing in Eswatini. The murder took place hours after King Mswati III warned activists against defying him and of “mercenaries killing them.” The Namibian President Hage Geingob, who is also the chair of SADC, said sporadic instances of violence indicate “an escalation of the tensions.” (“Tensions brewing in Eswatini after the killing of activist Thulani Maseko, SADC says,” News24, 31 January 2023)
Somalia: East African leaders meets to discuss operations against al-Shabab
On 31 January, BBC reported that security chiefs from east Africa are meeting in Mogadishu to discuss joint military operations against the al-Shabab militant group. The meeting comes following the significant gains by Somali forces along with the US, African troops and local militia against the group. On 30 January, the Somali government said that it killed more than 130 al-Shabab militants including top commanders. The summit of the regional leaders are also expected to discuss the phased withdrawal of the African Union troops in Somalia since 2007. (“East African top brass to discuss al-Shabab plan,” BBC, 31 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Libya: Gas deal with Italy faces opposition from Tripoli minister
On 30 January, BBC reported that several leaders in Libya had rejected a USD eight billion gas deal signed by Libya's National Oil Corporation (NOC) and Italy's state-run energy firm ENI. Libya's oil and gas minister said the deal to develop and explore two Libyan offshore gas fields "lacks equality between the Libyan and Italian sides." The minister termed the deal "illegal," claiming the NOC had bypassed the oil and gas ministry and had also raised the Italian side's shares to 37 per cent from 30 per cent. However, the NOC chairman maintained that the NOC "works according to the law, and whoever sees this procedure as illegal must go before the court." (“Libya's gas deal with Italy prompts backlash,” BBC, 30 January 2023)
Tunisia: Lowest voter turnout recorded for second round of parliamentary elections
On 30 January, the electoral board said only 11.4 per cent registered voters participated in the second round of parliamentary elections on 29 January. This was the lowest voter turnout since the fall of dictator Zine El Abidine Ben Ali in 2011. Of the 11.4 per cent turnout, 67.6 per cent votes were cast by men. (“Tunisia records low turnout in second vote for defanged parliament,” France24, 30 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: Senior IS militant killed by US special forces
On 27 January, the US said that its special forces killed senior Islamic State militant Bilal al-Sudani in Somalia along with his ten associates; al-Sudani was a key figure in the funding and expansion of the group across Africa. The US Secretary of Defence Lloyd Austin described the development as “a successful counterterrorism operation.” Prior to joining the IS, al-Sudani worked for al-Shabab, and later split from the group to form an IS-affiliated group. (“US raid in Somalia kills top Islamic State leader,” BBC, 27 January 2023)
Zimbabwe: 26 opposition party members released
On 27 January, 26 Citizens Coalition for Change (CCC) members were granted bail after they had been arrested for allegedly holding an unlawful gathering. The CCC is an opposition party; a CCC spokesperson said: “This confirms that the arrest was an abuse of process in the first place.” Previously, on 14 Jnaury, police used tear gas at a CCC gathering in Harare; prosecutors held that the members had not received permission for a meeting. (“Zimbabwe court grants bail to 26 opposition party members,” News24, 27 January 2023)
Madagascar: Tropical storm claims 16 lives
On 26 January, the Office for Risk and Disaster Management said at least 16 people had been killed and 17 were missing after tropical storm Cheneso made a landfall on 19 January. Of the casualties, three died in the storm and 13 in the heavy rains that followed. On 26 January, the European Commission's Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations said that so far, 60,000 people have been displaced and 13,000 homes damaged. (“Tropical Storm Cheneso, ensuing rain kill 16 in Madagascar,” News24, 27 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
France recalls ambassador from burkina Faso
On 26 January, France announced the recalling of its ambassador to Burkina Faso, two days after Paris agreed to comply with Ouadougou’s request to withdraw all French forces from the country within a month. The French Foreign Ministry said it was recalling the ambassador “for consultations on the state and perspectives of our bilateral relations.” (“France recalls ambassador from Burkina Faso after agreeing to withdraw troops,” France24, 26 January 2023)
Despite improvement in governance, democratic backsliding a concern, says Mo Ibrahim index
On 25 January, the Mo Ibrahim Foundation released its Ibrahim Index of African Governance (IIAG) 2022 edition. The IIAG highlighted that amid “widespread democratic backsliding,” Africa’s progress on human and economic development had also slowed. The IIAG maintained that though Africa had witnessed a “marginal improvement” in good governance since 2012, the trend had become a “flatline” since 2019. Further, the IIAG said: “Governments have been increasingly prone to infringe on rights, curb freedom of expression and association, and impose restrictions on civic space.” Nevertheless, more than 90 per cent of Africans live in countries where health, education, social protection and other criteria are better than 2012. (“Democracy ‘backsliding’ has slowed Africa’s development: study,” Al Jazeera, 26 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
France to comply with Burkina Faso’s request to withdraw French troops
On 25 January, France’s Foreign Ministry said Paris will respect Ouagdougou’s request for the withdrawal of French troops from Burkina Faso within a month. This comes after Burkina Faso, on 23 January, confirmed that it was terminating a 2018 agreement signed with France allowing the presence of French troops in the country. The French Foreign Ministry said: “In accordance with the terms of the agreement, the denunciation takes effect one month after receipt of the written notification. We will comply with the terms of this agreement by complying with this request.” (“France to respect Burkina Faso's request to withdraw troops within a month,” France24, 25 January 2023)
South Africa: Protests against load shedding and energy crisis held outside ANC headquarters
On 25 January, protesters in Johannesburg marched towards the African National Congress headquarters to demonstrate against an ongoing energy crisis and persistent power cuts. The protesters held placards reading: “Load shedding is killing jobs” and “Power to the people.” Currently, South Africa has been witnessing power cuts for at least 12 months, wherein the outages last almost 12 hours everyday. The protesters also criticised a recent approval to increase energy tariff to help Eskom, South Africa’s electricity supplier. (“Hundreds protest incessant power cuts in South Africa,” Al Jazeera, 25 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Malawi: Amid vaccine shortage, cholera deaths cross 1000
On 24 January, the Health Ministry said the death toll from cholera had crossed 1000 amid shortage of vaccines. The latest outbreak, believed to be the worst, began in March 2022; so far, 30,600 people have been infected. In November 2022, the UN handed over three million doses of oral cholera vaccine. A Health Ministry spokesperson said: “The fact that there is only one cholera vaccine manufacturer worldwide makes it difficult to acquire the life-saving drug…We are competing for the same vaccine with everyone else.” (“Malawi cholera death toll passes 1000,” News24, 24 January 2023)
Moroccan legislators vote to review ties with European Parliament
On 23 January, Moroccan parliamentarians voted to review relations with the European Parliament after the latter passed a resolution urging the Moroccan kingdom to uphold press freedom. The Moroccan parliamentarians, from both houses, held that the European Parliament was meddling in internal affairs. A statement from the parliamentary session termed the resolution “an unacceptable attack against the sovereignty, dignity and independence of judicial institutions in the kingdom.” The statement said the resolution had breached “fundamental trust” between them. (“Morocco votes to 'reconsider' ties with European Union,” France24, 24 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Burkina Faso: Government asks French troops to exit within a month
On 23 January, a government spokesperson confirmed that the military government had asked the French troops present in Burkina Faso to leave within a month. The confirmation came after the state media reported on 22 January, that the government had terminated a 2018 agreement with France to fight armed groups in Burkina Faso. However, the spokesperson said: “This is not the end of diplomatic relations between Burkina Faso and France.” This termination is normal and is foreseen in the terms of the agreement.” (“Burkina Faso confirms it has ended French military accord,” Al Jazeera, 23 January 2023)
The US-Africa: Treasury secretary begins 10-day tour of Africa
On 20 January, United States Secretary of the Treasury Janet Yellen commenced a 10-day visit to Africa in Senegal, to highlight US commitment to enhancing ties with Africa. Voice of America quoted Yellen: "The United States is all in on Africa, and all in with Africa. And our engagement is not transactional. It’s not for show. And it’s not for the short term.” Yellen met President Senegal Macky Sall wherein she emphasised "the need for enhanced energy access and sustainable infrastructure investment to boost economic growth and prosperity." In a meeting with the Minister of Finance and Budget Mamadou Moustapha Bâ and discussed "how to build a more resilient global economy in the face of overlapping shocks." (Annika Hammerschlag, “US Treasury Secretary Yellen Kicks Off Africa Tour in Senegal,” Voice of America, 21 January 2023)
Eswatini: Murder of activist sparks outrage
On 23 January, BBC reported that human rights activists and opposition groups were expressing their anger on social media over the killing of Thulani Maseko on 22 January. Maseko was shot dead in his living room by unidentified gunmen. The Secretary General of Amnesty International, and the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Association condemned the murder. Meanwhile, a government spokesperson rejected the “insinuation” that the government was involved in the killing. The BBC referred to a South African broadcast that quoted the spokesperson: “That is a far-fetched reality and statement. The government takes every life very seriously including the life of Thulani Maseko... This insinuation is rejected as it is being projected by those who are actually jumping all investigative mechanism that we have put in place." (“Fury after Eswatini activist is gunned down at home,” BBC, 23 January 2023)
Russian Foreign Minister arrives in South Africa
On 23 January, Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, during a visit to Pretoria, said Moscow had shared all information on a proposed military drill between Russia, China and South Africa. Lavrov met South Africa’ Foreign Minister Naledi Pandor; amid the US criticism of the military drill , Pandor termed it “a natural course of relations.” The leader of South Africa’s main opposition party Democratic Alliance (DA) said Russia has expanded into Africa through “elite capture” wherein leaders are trapped in “long-term patronage schemes.” (“Russia’s Lavrov defends naval drills with S Africa during visit,” Al Jazeera, 23 January 2023)
Somalia: Deady siege of government building ends
On 22 January, commandos ended a five-hour siege of a municipal government building by al-Shabab militants in Mogadishu. The Information Ministry said six militants were shot dead and all government staff were rescued from the building. Meanwhile, an al Shabaab spokesperson said the attack claimed the lives of “34 apostates.” According to a state-run news agency, the government termed the attack “senseless” and said the violence shows why “it is necessary to completely eliminate” the group. On the same day, the US military said that nearly 30 al-Shabab militants were killed in a US air strike that assists the Somali forces. The US Africa Command said that the airstrike came as the militants attacked an army base killing seven soldiers the previous week. It stated: "US Africa Command's forces will continue training, advising and equipping partner forces to help give them the tools they need to defeat al-Shabab, the largest and most deadly al-Qaeda network in the world." (Abdi Dahir, “Somali forces end deadly siege by al-Shabab militants,” BBC, 23 January 2023; “Al-Shabab: US air strike in Somalia 'kills 30 militants',” BBC, 22 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Burkina Faso: Abducted women freed by military
On 20 January, the state television reported that soldiers had rescued 62 women and four infants abducted outside a village near Arbinda town between 12 and 13 January. The news report quoted security sources who said the abducted women and children were found 200 kilometres away in the Tougouri region. (“Military frees abducted women and children in Burkina Faso,” France24, 20 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: SANDF announces military drills with China and Russia
On 19 January, South Africa’s military announced that it will hold joint military drills with China and Russia next month. South African National Defence Force (SANDF) said that the 10 days drill aims to share operational skills and knowledge. This will be the second similar military drill, while the first was in November 2019. The SANDF said: “This years’ exercise will see over 350 SANDF personnel from various arms of services and divisions participating.” (“South Africa to hold military drills with Russia, China,” BBC, 19 January 2023)
Sierra Leone: President signs Gender Equality Act into law
On 19 January, Sierra Leone passed the Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment Act that ensures 30 per cent of the workforce in public and private jobs are women. President Julius Maada Bio signed the bill into a law and said: "For so long we haven't been fair to you." Under this law, women will be entitled to at least 14 weeks of maternity leave instead of the previous 12 weeks, and equal pay, training and treatment. Any employer found violating the law could attract a fine amounting to USD 2,500 and a breach of the credit fairness rules by financial institutions could attract prison sentences of at least three years. (“Sierra Leone passes landmark law on women's rights,” BBC, 20 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 has not withdrawn, says President
On 17 January, President Felix Tshisekedi said that despite international pressure, the M23 rebel group had not completely withdrawn from territories it captured in the east. Al Jazeera quoted Tshisekedi’s remarks on M23 at the World Economic Forum: “They pretend to move, they act like they are moving, but they’re not. They’re simply moving around, redeploying elsewhere, and they stay in the towns that they have captured.” Meanwhile, an M23 spokesperson accused the government of supplying arms to other groups and said: “President Tshisekedi has only this to say. It is the government that does not respect the ceasefire…” (“DRC president says M23 rebels yet to withdraw as agreed,” Al Jazeera, 18 January 2023)
Former French president criticises Wagner Group's presence in Mali
On 18 January, France24 and RFI interviewed former French President François Hollande, marking ten years of the beginning of France’s military operations in Mali through Operation Serval. Hollande expressed his disappointment that the Wagner Group had convinced the Malian people that it would protect them better than the French. Terming the Wagner Group “neo-colonialists” Holldande said that since the Group’s arrival in Mali, the security situation worsened. Similar to France’s withdrawal from Mali in 2022, the French forces had also withdrawn from the Central African Republic in 2016 and the CAR President reportedly requested the Group to intervene. Hollande defended France’s withdrawal and asked: “Would the presence of France have dissuaded him? I'm not sure.” (“France's ex-president Hollande: Wagner Group operating as ‘neo-colonialists’ in Mali,” France24, 18 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Somalia: At least 26 people killed in al Shabab attack
On 17 January, Somali authorities said that at least 26 people were killed and many were injured following an attack at a military base in Hawadley town in Shabelle region. The Al Shabab militant group has claimed the attack. Five government soldiers and 21 al Shabab militants were among the dead. This comes days after the Somali army captured a strategic port of Haradhere, which was held by al Shabab for 15 years. (Emmanuel Igunza, “Five soldiers among 26 killed in Somalia attack,” BBC, 17 January 2023)
Equatorial Guinea: Dissident dies in prison while serving 60-year sentence
On 16 January, dissident Julio Obama Mefuman’s group, the Movement for the Liberation of the Third Equatorial Guinea (MLGE3R) said he had died in prison while he was serving a 60-year jail sentence. The MLGE3R accused the government of torture. The Spanish Foreign Ministry confirmed Mefuman’s death as he was also a citizen of Spain. Meanwhile, the head of Equatorial Guinea’s only authorised opposition party, the Convergence for Social Democracy, suggested that an international inquiry be held “to clarify what happened and ensure that all prisoners have the right to family visits.” (“Equatorial Guinea dissident Obama Mefuman dies in prison,” Al Jazeera, 17 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar
Democratic Republic of the Congo: At least 10 killed in bomb blast in Kasindi
On 15 January, an army spokesperson said 10 people had been killed and 39 injured in a bomb blast in a Protestant church in Kasindi city along the Ugandan border. The spokesperson suspected that the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), affiliated to the Islamic State, carried out the attack. Following this, the IS claimed responsibility on the same day. Meanwhile, Congolese and Ugandan forces continue their joint operations that were launched in November 2021, against the ADF. (“Several killed in DR Congo church bomb attack,” Al Jazeera, 15 January 2023)
Burkina Faso: Search launched to find over 50 abducted women
On 16 January, the Sahel regional governor said a search operation had been launched to trace over 50 women who had been abducted in the Soum province in the north between 12 and 13 January. Unidentified armed men abducted the women who were picking fruits outside a village, 15 kilometres from Arbinda town. Meanwhile, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights called for “the immediate and unconditional release” and urged “the national authorities to promptly conduct an effective, impartial and independent investigation to identify those responsible and hold them to account.” (“Burkina Faso: 50 women abducted by suspected rebels,” Al Jazeera, 16 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
By Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Amhara forces withdraw from Tigray; Tigrayan forces begin disarmament
On 12 January, the Ethiopian National Defence Force said the Amhara regional special force had withdrawn from Tigray, as per the ceasefire signed in November 2022. Further, as per the ceasefire, the Tigrayan forces also began handing over their weapons on 11 January. The developments come after Eritrean forces reportedly started withdrawing from Tigray in December 2022. (“Amhara forces withdraw from northern Ethiopia’s Tigray region,” Al Jazeera, 13 January 2023)
Democratic Republic of the Congo: M23 asks EAC to ensure all armed groups surrender arms
On 12 January, the M23 rebels, following a meeting with mediator Uhuru Kenyatta, asked the East African Community (EAC) to guarantee that all armed groups would give up their arms. Following the meeting, the EAC released a statement: “The leaders of the M23 urged (former) president Kenyatta to assist in assuring there's safety in the DRC and that citizens' rights are upheld and recognised.” Apart from laying down arms, the M23 also called on the EAC to “cease any fighting or attack on the M23, and seek resolution of the conflict through peaceful means.” (Lenin Ndebele, “M23 rebels ask regional body to guarantee that all armed groups in eastern DRC will lay down arms,” News24, 13 January 2023)
Benin: Pro-government parties secure majority
On 12 January, the constitutional court said parties supporting the current government under President Patrice Talon had secured a majority in the parliament by winning 81 of the 109 seats, with a 37.79 per cent voter turnout. This comes after the opposition was allowed to run for the elections four years after they were disallowed in 2016. The constitutional court said the opposition secured 28 seats. Prior to the results, the opposition party leader claimed the elections were rigged with “flagrant” ballot box stuffing, rigging and vote buying by the two pro-government parties.: (“Benin’s ruling coalition won election, constitutional court says,” France24, 13 January2023)
Ethiopia: France and Germany call for war crime justice
On 13 January, French and German foreign ministers during their meeting with Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed in Addis Ababa said that there can be no reconciliation in Ethiopia without justice.They discussed the progress of the peace agreement which was signed early November and called for the establishment of a transitional justice mechanism for the atrocities committed during the conflict. Meanwhile, Ethiopian Foreign Minister Demeke Mekonnen said that the government will ensure the justice to be served. On the same day, Ethiopian Defence Force said that Amhara Allied Forces have started withdrawing its troops from major towns in Tigray. (“France, Germany push for Ethiopia war crimes justice,” “Ethiopia says regional forces withdrawn from Tigray,” BBC, 13 January 2023)
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by Anu Maria Joseph
Djibouti signs deal with China for rocket-launch site
On 12 January, Djibouti signed a preliminary agreement with a Chinese space firm to build a USD one billion rocket-launch site. According to the deal, a Chinese satellite manufacturing company Hong Kong Aerospace Technology Group will be managing the site for next 30 years and then will be passed to Djibouti. The managing director of the consultancy firm space in Africa told the BBC that it might be “politically difficult” to attract companies based in other countries which have strained relations with China. (“Africa’s first rocket-launch site deal hailed,” BBC, 12 January 2023)
DR Congo: Army denies presence of Russian mercenaries
On 12 January, the Democratic Republic of Congo’s army denied the presence of Russian mercenaries in the country after an M23 rebel spokesperson said that there was evidence of the presence of the Wagner Group. In reply an army spokesperson said: “The Wagner group is not operating in DR Congo. I know it's fashionable now (but) no, we don't need to use mercenaries.” (“DR Congo army denies presence of Russian mercenaries,” BBC, 12 Janu ary 2023)
Mali: At least 14 soldiers killed in militant attack
On 12 January, the Malian army said that at least 14 of its soldiers were killed in two separate attacks by Islamist militants. It said that the vehicles the soldiers travelled were hit by roadside bombs. It added that troops were reinforced following the attack and killed more than 30 militants. (“Mali army says 14 soldiers killed in attacks,” BBC, 12 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: TPLF hands over heavy weapons
On 11 January, a Tigray People’s Liberation Front spokesperson said that they have handed over their heavy weapons in line with the ceasefire agreement signed in November. He added that the African Union monitoring and verification team has confirmed the reports. The move comes following the reports of Eritrean troops' withdrawal from major towns in Tigray. The African Union described the decision as “a step in the right direction” to end the conflict. (“Ethiopian Tigray rebels hand over heavy weapons, BBC, 11 January 2023)
South Sudan: The UN condemns the death of aid workers
On 11 January, the United Nations condemned the reports of the death of three aid workers in two attacks in South Sudan. The acting UN Humanitarian Coordinator in South Sudan said that the killings are “completely unacceptable and must stop.” Two among the aid workers in Abyei village were killed in an attack by gunmen while on duty. South SUdan is regarded as one of the dangerous countries for aid workers. According to Ocha, in 2022 alone, nine aid workers were killed. Since 2013, nearly 141 aid workers have been killed. (“UN condemns killing of South Sudan aid workers, BBC, 11 January 2023)
Somalia: Puntland semi-autonomous state dissociates itself from Mogadishu
On 9 January, Somalia’s semi-autonomous state of Puntland announced that it is “now acting as an independent government.” The announcement comes amid tensions between President Hassan Sheikh Mohamoud and Puntland’s President Said Abdullahi Deni, who was defeated during the previous presidential elections. The announcement emphasised on its commitment to Somalia, signing a three page justification as the “Puntland Government of Somalia,” and “its efforts over the past 18 years to “lay foundation for building the federal system.” (“Somalia: Puntland state dissociates itself from Mogadishu,” Africanews, 11 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Sub-Saharan Africa: Region accounts for 56 per cent of under-five deaths, says UN report
On 10 January, Africanews reported that a latest report by United Nations Inter Agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation says that nearly five million children under the age five died in 2021 alongside 2.1 million aged between five and 24. The report also says at least 1.9 million stillborn births are estimated during the same period. Besides, sub-Saharan Africa accounted for 56 per cent of all under-five deaths. The report adds that nearly 59 million children and youth will die by 2030 and nearly 16 million will be lost to stillbirth if proper action is not taken to improve the health services. (“UN Reports child death every 4.4 seconds in 2021,” Africanews, 10 January 2023)
Rwanda: Will not send back refugees to DRC, government clarifies
On 10 January, a government spokesperson said Rwanda does not intend to expel refugees from the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The spokesperson said the media had misrepresented President Paul Kagame’s stance on the refugees from DRC and said Kagame only highlighted “the blatant hypocrisy in criticising Rwanda which simultaneously gets the blame for state failure in the DRC [DR Congo], and is then expected to accommodate those who seek refuge from the consequences of that failure.” The development comes a day after Kagame told the Senate on 9 January that Rwanda cannot continue accommodating refugees for which Kigali is later “held accountable in some way, or even insulted and abused about.” (“Rwanda says it will not accept DR Congo refugees any more,” Al Jazeera, 10 January 2023)
Nigeria: Six rescued after kidnappers abduct over 30 from train station
On 10 January, security forces rescued six people after 32 people were abducted from a train station in Edo state on 7 January. The rescued include women and children. The federal government termed the incident “despicable and utterly barbaric.” (“Six rescued after Nigeria train station kidnapping,” BBC, 10 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: UN launches second phase of negotiations
On 9 January, BBC reported that the UN mission in Sudan launched a second phase of negotiations between military and civilian groups on 8 January. The United Nations Integrated Transition Assistance Mission in Sudan (UNITAMS) said the four-day conference will discuss five major issues in the political framework of the agreement. Civilian and military leaders, civil society groups, academics, private sector representatives and religious leaders are attending the conference. (“UN launches second phase of Sudan political talks,” BBC, 9 January 2023)
Nigeria: Nearly 32 people abducted by gunmen from train station
On 9 January, the governor’s office said that at least 32 people were abducted by gunmen from a train station in Nigeria’s southern Edo state. Eyewitnesses said that the gunmen shot sporadically into the air and seized the hostages taking them to a nearby forest. A state spokesperson said that the train station has been closed as security forces and local hunters search for the witnesses. (“Gunmen abduct 32 people from Nigeria train station,” BBC, 9 January 2023)
Chinese Foreign Minister announces weeklong visit to Africa
On 9 January, the Chinese Foreign Ministry announced that its new Foreign Minister Qin Gang will begin his term with a weeklong trip to five African countries. The Chinese spokesperson said that he will visit Ethiopia, Gabon, Angola, Benin and Egypt. The spokesperson said: “It shows that China attaches great importance to the traditional friendship with Africa and the development of China-Africa relations.” (“China's new foreign minister heads to Africa for first trip,” Africanews, 9 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Eritrean people smuggler arrested in Sudan
On 6 January, Interpol said that Kidane Zekarais Habtemariam, a notorious people smuggler accused of atrocities against migrants, was arrested in Sudan. It said the Eritrean national was the head of the organisation which kidnapped, extorted and murdered East African migrants. He escaped from custody in Ethiopia while on trial for allegations of people smuggling in 2020, leading to his conviction in absentia and life in prison sentence. According to Interpol, it dealt a serious blow to a major smuggling route into Europe. It said that it showed what can be accomplished when nations collaborate. (“Sudan arrests wanted Eritrean human smuggler, BBC, 6 January 2023)
Mozambique: Tropical storm warning in southern region
On 6 January, the Mozambique government issued a warning on a possible tropical storm in the southern coastal province of Gaza. The National Institute of Meteorology has asked the residents to take precautionary measures ahead of the storm. Southern Africa has been witnessing frequent and intense weather events which the UN describes as a climate crisis in Africa. Leaonardo Duma from the institute said: "If you have a house that is not in good condition, try to fix it well in order to be able to resist these strong winds that we are predicting." (“Tropical storm warning issued for southern Mozambique,” BBC, 6 January 2022)
DR Congo: Rebels surrender key military base
On 6 January, BBC reported that the M23 rebels had handed over its military base in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo to an Eastern African regional force. Rumangabo camp which was seized by the group in October was handed over following a ceasefire brokered by East African leaders. (“DR Congo rebels surrender key military base,” BBC, 6 January 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Mali: ECOWAS clears threat of sanctions over detention of Ivorian soldiers
On 4 January, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) said Mali will not be placed under sanctions for detaining 46 Ivorian soldiers and instead will look to Togo for mediation between the two countries. This comes after the ECOWAS had given Mali a deadline of 1 January to release the soldiers who were detained on 10 July 2022 after they arrived in Bamako to join a UN mission; however, Mali termed them “mercenaries.” Later, the soldiers were sentenced to 20 years in prison. On 4 January, Togo’s president conducted a “friendly working visit” to Bamako and the current ECOWAS head, who is also the Guinea-Bissau president said: “We have given time for Togolese mediators to do their job, in order to resolve the situation. It’s just a matter of common sense.” (“Mali escapes sanctions over detention of 46 Ivorian soldiers,” Al Jazeera, 5 January 2022)
Burkina Faso: France supports envoy despite Burkinabe request to recall him
On 5 January, French Foreign Minister Catherine Colonna said France will back its envoy to Burkina Faso amid the Burkinabe government's request to recall the envoy. The development comes amid France’s strained relations with West African countries. Colonna said: “There was a coup (in Mali) and there is an organised and methodical anti-French discourse going on. Potentially, yes, one can imagine a link in this anti-French campaign and Wagner.” (John Irish and Tassilo Hummel, “France backs its Burkina envoy despite pressure to withdraw him -minister,” Reuters, 5 January 2023)
Chad: Several arrested for destabilisation plot
On 4 January, the government said it had foiled an “attempted destabilisation” by 11 officers led by the president of the Chadian Organisation of Human Rights, Baradine Berdei Targuio. The government said the accused were arrested after 8 December. The communications minister said an investigation has been launched. Previously, Targuio was sentenced to three years in jail in February 2021, for writing that former and then President Idriss Deby was seriously unwell. (“Chad says it foiled 'destabilisation' bid by officers,” France24, 5 January 2022)
Mauritania: Former president barred from leaving country
On 5 January, former president Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz was prevented from travelling abroad and police officers seized his passport. Abdelaziz said that he was prevented from travelling by “the political police” though he was not under any “judicial supervision.” He accused the government of “targeting” and “mistreating” him. Abdelaziz and a few other officials from his government are under investigation for corruption and mismanagement. (Ahmed Rouaba, “Former Mauritania president banned from travel,” BBC, 5 January 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
US calls on M23 to withdraw from captured territories in DRC
On 4 January, the US Department of State’s spokesperson Ned Price referred to the UN experts’ report claiming evidence of Rwanda’s support to the M23 and said that the US expects the rebel group to withdraw from the locations highlighted in the Luanda Agreement signed on 23 November. Price’s statement said: “Noting the report’s clear evidence of Rwandan support to M23 and credible reports of grave human rights abuses by M23, we reiterate our call for Rwanda to cease all support to M23 and withdraw its troops from eastern DRC.” Price also condemned “ the collaboration between elements of the Congolese armed forces (FARDC) and armed groups, including FDLR…” that was mentioned in the UN report. (“Statement on Report by UN Group of Experts,” US Department of State, 4 January 2023)
Somalia: Car bombs claim 35 lives
On 4 January, at least 35 people, including women and children, were killed and 40 injured in central Somalia’s Mahas town after al Shabaab detonated two car bombs. Mahas District Commissioner Mumin Mohamed Halane informed the state radio that one bomb targeted his residence and the other targeted a federal lawmaker’s home. Meanwhile, al Shabaab claimed that 87 people had died in the attack against “apostate militias and soldiers.” (Abdi Sheikh, “Car bombs kill 35, burn houses in central Somalia - police,” Reuters, 4 January 2023)
Mali: Five killed in attack near Bamako
On 3 January, the security ministry said five people had been killed in an attack on a civil defence post near Bamako, by unidentified assailants. The ministry said the casualties included two civil defence force members and three civilians. (“Five killed in attack near Malian capital,” Reuters, 4 January 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Army says “liberated several localities” from OLA rebels
On 3 January, the Ethiopian army said that it had “liberated several localities” from Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) rebels. A senior army official said: “the security forces have launched a coordinated operation to stop the subversion by the Shene and ensure stability in the region.” The OLA was declared as a terrorist group in Ethiopia along with TPLF, which claims to fight for the rights of ethnic Oromo people. (“Raid against Oromo rebels successful - Ethiopia army,” BBC, 3 January 2023)
Burkina Faso: 28 bodies found in northwestern town
On 3 January, the government said bodies of 28 people who had been shot dead on 30 and 31 December had been discovered in a Nouna town in the northwest; an investigation has been launched into the same. The government statement said the killings took place as the government had launched the Homeland Defence Volunteers (VDP) to mobilise civilians in the fight against Islamist insurgency. A BBC news report referred to the Collective Against Impunity and Stigmatisation of Communities (CISC) which said the victims were killed by armed civilians pretending to be from the VDP. (“Burkina Faso violence: Bodies of 28 people found in Nouna,” BBC, 3 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Malawi: Schools suspended amid cholera outbreak
On 2 January, BBC reported that a cholera outbreak in Malawi has forced the authorities to suspend the reopening of schools. The outbreak which began in March has killed nearly 595 people. Cases have been reported in all 28 districts in the country. Health authorities say that the beginning of the rainy season would make the situation worse. Though outbreak of the disease is common every year during the rainy season in the country, casualties are triple compared to previous years. (“Malawi suspends school opening over deadly cholera outbreak,” BBC, 2 January 2023)
Senegal: MPs jailed for attacking pregnant colleague
On 2 January, two opposition MPs in Senegal were sentenced to six months in jail for kicking a pregnant colleague in the stomach. She was attacked when she criticised an opposition religious figure during a budget debate. They were also ordered to pay five million CFA francs in compensation. Incident was widely condemned and sparked debate on women's rights. (“Senegal MPs jailed for kicking pregnant colleague Amy Ndiaye,” BBC, 2 January 2023)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Eritrean troops withdrawing from Tigray
On 30 December, an Ethiopian official told Reuters agency that Eritrean forces, who fought alongside Ethiopian federal forces against Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) in Tigray region, are pulling out of Two big towns towards the border. Meanwhile, Eritrean Information Minister Yemane Gebremeskel said that he could neither confirm nor deny the information. TPLF hasn't commented on the reports. The reports of the withdrawal comes after a TPLF official’s comment that the ceasefire will not be complete till Eritrean forces remain on the ground. (“Ethiopia says Eritrean troops withdrawing from Tigray,” Al Jazeera, 30 December 2022)
Rwanda: EU urges Kigali to stop supporting M23 rebel group
On 30 December 2022, High Representative of the EU for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy Josep Borrell called on Rwanda to halt support to the M23 rebel group operating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s eastern region. Borrell said the EU wants Rwanda to “stop supporting the M23 and use all means to press the M23 to comply with the decisions taken by the EAC [East African Community]” in November. The EU also requested DRC’s neighbouring countries to “to prevent the provision of any support to armed groups active in the DRC.” (“EU calls on Rwanda to stop supporting M23 rebels in DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 30 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Sudan: Transitional council’s deputy head leads mission to South Darfur
On 29 December, Deputy Head of the Sudan Transitional Military Council General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo led a mission to South Darfur to monitor the security situation in Nyala city after violence claimed 10 lives and left 25 people injured. The UN said 16,200 people were displaced after several villages were burned. The government in Nyala accused nomads of sparking the violence. Meanwhile, in an unrelated incident, at least eight people were killed and 11 injured in clashes in Central Darfur on 28 and 29 December. (“Sudanese general leads mission to South Darfur after violent clashes,” Reuters, 29 December 2022)
South Africa: Death toll from tanker explosion climbs to 27
On 29 December, the Gauteng Department of Health said the death toll from the gas tanker explosion reached 27, including 10 health workers of the Tambo Memorial Hospital. The explosion took place on 24 December when the gas tanker was stuck under a bridge; the explosion destroyed property, including the roof of the hospital’s emergency ward. On 28 December, the truck driver who was arrested for alleged culpable homicide was released due to lack of evidence. (“South Africa tanker explosion death toll jumps to 27,” Reuters, 29 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Ivory Coast: 11 sentenced to life in prison for Grand-Bassam attack in 2016
On 27 December, eleven people were convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment for an Islamist attack wherein 19 people were killed at the Grand-Bassam beach area in 2016; the attack was carried out by al Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb. Of the 19 victims, 11 were Ivorians, four were French, and the rest were German, Lebanese, Macedonian and Nigerian. The trial of the 18 defendants began in November and seven of them have been found guilty and the court awarded the families of the victims different compensations up to USD 81,000. Meanwhile, the suspected mastermind of the attack, Kounta Dallah, has not been found. (“Eleven sentenced to life in prison for 2016 Ivory Coast beach attack,” France24, 28 December 2022)
Tunisia: UGTT approves transport workers strike
On 25 December, the UGTT approved a land, air and sea transport workers’ strike to be held on 25 and 26 January against “the government's marginalisation of public companies." The two-day strike is aimed to pressure President Kais Saied after he took over executive powers in 2021. (“Tunisian union approves two-day strike by transport workers,” Reuters, 28 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Ethiopian Airlines resumes services to Tigray
On 27 December, Ethiopian Airlines said that it will resume flights to Tigray after 18 months. The announcement comes after an Ethiopian federal delegation visited Mekelle to discuss the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in November. Ethiopian Airlines CEO Mesfin Tasew, who was among the delegation said: “The resumption of these flights will enable families to reunite, facilitate the restoration of commercial activities, stimulate tourist flow and bring many more opportunities which will serve the society.” (“Ethiopian Airlines to resume flights into Tigray region,” Al Jazeera, 27 December 2022)
DR Congo: Soldiers and civilians sentenced to death for killing Chinese nationals
On 27 December, Africanews reported that judicial sources of Democratic Republic of Congo said that eight soldiers and a civilian were sentenced to death by a military court in Ituri province. The prosecution argued that two colonels organised and planned an attack on a Chinese convoy, with an aim to steal four gold bars and 5,600 euros. Giving a death penalty is common in DR Congo, however, most of the time they are commuted to life imprisonment. (“DR Congo sentences soldiers to death for killing two Chinese nationals,” Africanews, 27 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Federal delegation on way to Tigray to monitor ceasefire agreement
On 26 December, the Ethiopian government communication service said that a delegation of the government is on the way to the northern Tigray region to oversee the implementation of the ceasefire agreement signed in November. The government said that it will be the first high-level government delegation to visit Tigray after two years. It added: “This gesture is an attestation to the peace agreement getting on the right track and progressing.” (“Ethiopian federal government delegation heads to Tigray,” Al Jazeera, 26 December 2022)
Nigeria: At least 17 people killed in Boko Haram attack
On 24 December, a local militia group said that at least 17 herders were killed in Boko Haram attack in Mafa district. The militia leader said: “Seventeen herders were killed in the fight and all their cattle taken away. The herders put resistance but were outgunned and outnumbered by the attackers, who had better weapons.” Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) have been carrying out frequent attacks on herders, farmers and loggers, accusing them of spying on them for the military and the local anti-jihadist militia. (“Boko Haram kill 17 herders in northeastern Nigerian state of Borno,” Africanews, 26 December 2022)
Sudan: At least 12 people killed in ethnic violence
On 25 December, at least 12 people were killed in ethnic violence in western Darfur region. A spokesperson for the General Coordination for Refugees and Displaced in Darfur said that clashes broke out between herdsmen and farmers in the Beleil region also wounded nearly 42 people. Local authorities said that the clashes erupted when herdsmen attempted to loot a motor rickshaw in the village of Amouri. Later, a state of emergency was declared in the region to contain the violence. (“Ethnic violence in Sudan's Darfur region kills at least 12,” Africanews, 26 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Burkina Faso: Government orders UN official to leave country
On 23 December, Burkina Faso government ordered UN resident coordinator Barbara Manzi to leave immediately declaring “persona non grata.” Foreign Minister Olivia Rouamba said that recent statements by the UN warning the surging Islamist insurgency threat in the country had discredited Burkina Faso and limited potential investors. The insurgency has left nearly two million people displaced and prompted two military coups within a year. (“Burkina Faso tells UN country chief to leave,” BBC, 23 December 2022)
Rwanda-DRC: Evidence reported on Rwanda backing M23 rebels in DR Congo, says UN experts
On 23 December, in a leaked report by UN experts said that it has found evidence of Rwanda engaging in military operations in Democratic Republic of Congo as well as assisting M23 rebels. The report came following DR Congo President Felix Tshisekedi asserting that Rwanda has been supporting the M23 rebels and the Rwandan government's repeated denial. The report says that M23 rebels has been pillaging, theft, extortion, torture, rape and killing with the support of Rwandan armed forces in eastern DR Congo. (“Rwanda backing M23 rebels in DR Congo - leaked UN report,” BBC, 23 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
The Gambia: Navy officer arrested for alleged role in coup attempt
On 22 December, BBC reported a government statement accusing navy officer Lance Corporal Sanna Fadera of attempting a coup on 21 December. The statement outlined that the loyalist troops were still looking for two suspected accomplices. In a related development, the police detained the main opposition party, the United Democratic Party’s (UDP) campaign manager for a TikTok video wherein he said President Adama Barrow would be overthrown before the 2023 local government elections. The UDP called for the immediate release of the party official claiming that the video was edited, and also condemned the coup attempt. (“Gambia navy officer behind failed coup bid - government,” BBC, 22 December 2022)
The Gambia: Committee calls for prosecution of Indian firm linked to death of children
On 21 December, a parliamentary committee recommended prosecuting Maiden Pharmaceuticals, an Indian manufacturer of the cough syrups reportedly linked to the death of at least Gambian children. The committee held that the manufacturer should be held accountable for exporting the contaminated medicine and also ban all products from Maiden Pharmaceuticals. (“Maiden Pharmaceuticals: Gambia panel says India firm culpable for cough syrup deaths,” BBC, 21 December 2022)
Mali: Armed group coalition withdraws from 2015 agreement
On 22 December, a coalition of armed groups, the Permanent Strategic Framework for Peace, Security and Development (CSP-PSD), announced its withdrawal from the 2015 agreement which was signed to restore peace in northern Mali where rebels wanted to breakaway region. The agreement was signed between the former civilian government and the rebels. However, the CSP-PSD believes that there is an “absence of political will of the transitional authorities to implement [the peace accord]” and said it would return to negotiations only if a neutral country mediates. The agreement aimed at the decentralisation of Mali, integration of former rebels into the armed forces, and boosting the economy in the north. (“Armed groups in northern Mali pull out of Algiers peace talks,” Al Jazeera, 22 December 2022)
Kenya: Police officer and civilian killed in al Shabaab attack
On 21 December, two police officers and a civilian were killed in an attack by the al Shabaab while the police truck was travelling to Garissa town which is 120km from the border with Somalia. The truck hit an explosive and the al Shabaab fired rocket propelled grenades and opened fire at the vehicle. The al Shabaab radio said that apart from the casualties several others were injured in the fight. (“Al-Shabab kills two policemen, one civilian in eastern Kenya,” Al Jazeera, 22 December 2022)
Horn of Africa: Drought places over 20 million children at the risk of hunger
On 21 December, UNICEF said 20.2 million children across Kenya, Ethiopia, and Somalia are at the risk of severe hunger, thirst and disease, indicating a doubling from the 10 million in July. Of this, two million children need immediate help to address severe acute malnutrition. The development comes as the region is suffering a deadly drought, which has resulted in water insecurity among 27 million people, displaced two million and has had 2.7 million children drop out of school. The situation is resulting in child labour, child marriages, female genital mutilation (FGM), gender-based violence and sexual abuse. (“Horn of Africa faces most severe drought in more than two generations – UNICEF,” UN News, 22 December 2022)
Democratic Republic of the Congo: UN report reveals Rwandan involvement in the east
On 21 December, a group of independent UN experts said there was substantial evidence of Rwanda’s involvement in military operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo’s east. The experts’ report said the Rwandan army had directly intervened and also supported the rebels in the DRC’s east, by supplying weapons, ammunition and uniforms. The report said Rwanda reinforced M23 rebels “for specific operations, in particular when these were aimed at seizing strategic towns and areas.” (“Rwandan army conducted military operations in DR Congo, UN says,” France24, 22 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
Democratic Republic of the Congo: UN eases arms embargo
On 21 December, BBC reported that the UN had eased arms embargo on the Democratic Republic of the Congo to assist the army in fighting armed groups. With this, countries can conduct arms sales to the DRC government without notifying the UN Security Council. The DRC government said easing of the embargo was a move to correct the “injustice.” In a related development, the UN also extended its peacekeeping mandate in the country’s east by one year. (“UN eases DR Congo arms embargo,” BBC, 21 December 2022)
The Gambia: Four soldiers arrested for coup attempt
On 21 December, the government said that on 20 December, a coup attempt against President Adama Barrow had been foiled and four soldiers were arrested in connection with the same. The army was also searching for three other accomplices and no further details were revealed. (“Four soldiers arrested after alleged coup attempt in The Gambia,” Al Jazeera, 21 December 2022)
Burkina Faso: Minister denies allocating mine to Wagner Group
On 20 December, Minister of Mines Pierre Boussim said no mines had been allocated to the Russian private military company Wagner Group. The development comes after neighbouring Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo remarked at the UN-Africa Leaders Summit the previous week that Burkina Faso had hired the Wagner Group and allocated a mine as a payment for its services. On 16 December, while Burkina Faso did not dismiss or confirm the same, it expressed its disapproval over Akufo-Addo’s remarks by summoning the Ghanian ambassador. (“Burkina Faso denies paying Russia’s Wagner group with mine rights,” Al Jazeera, 21 December 2022)
Eswatini: Opposition, civil society look for options to abdicate King
On 21 December, News24 reported that civil society representatives and opposition parties had convened in South Africa to frame strategies to abdicate King Mswati III and establish democracy. The leaders adopted the eBundu Declaration to frame “resolutions on important political issues affecting our country, Swaziland.” The opposition calls the country Swaziland, instead of Eswatini claiming that changing the name to the latter was a dictatorial move. The leaders also referred to the mass riots earlier this year and said: “(We are) humbled and driven forward by the spirit of the ultimate sacrifice of the martyrs of our revolution, who have been senselessly and brutally slaughtered by the government of King Mswati III.” The declaration called for a boycott of the 2023 Tinkhundla elections; Tinkhundla is an electoral system providing governance, based on traditional, administrative subdivisions. (Lenin Ndebele, “Eswatini opposition parties, civil society meet in SA to plot strategy against King Mswati,” News24, 21 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Nigeria: Germany returns looted artefacts
On 20 December, Germany’s Foreign Minister Annalena Baerbock handed 22 artefacts looted from Nigeria in the nineteenth century. The return of the Benin Bronzes is followed by a deal signed last year between the two countries agreeing to transfer more than 1,000 artefacts. Baerbock said that the return was part of efforts to deal with a “dark colonial history.” Nigeria’s Information Minister Lai Mohammed said: “Twenty years ago, even 10 years ago, nobody could have anticipated these bronzes returning to Nigeria,because the obstacles to achieving repatriation were seemingly insurmountable.” (“Benin Bronzes: Germany returns looted artefacts to Nigeria,” BBC, 20 December 2022)
Ethiopia: Commercial Bank of Ethiopia resumes all financial services in Tigray
On 20 December, the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia said that it has resumed all the financial services in previously war-torn regions in Tigray. The announcement came after a ceasefire agreement was signed between the federal government and the Tigray rebels in early November. The bank stated: “Following the peace agreement reached recently, the (CBE) branches we have in Shire, Alamata and Korem cities have started receiving money sent from abroad and locally as well as depositing money.” Since the war began in 2020, all banking, communication and transport facilities had been restricted to Tigray. (“Ethiopia’s biggest bank ‘resumes services’ in Tigray, Al Jazeera, 20 December 2022)
Deportation of migrants to Rwanda is lawful, says UK High Court
On 19 December, the UK High Court ruled that the government's proposal to deport migrants to Rwanda is lawful and that it did not violate the UN Refugee Convention or other human rights laws. The UK Home Secretary Suella Braverman said the government had always been confident about the policy and would now focus on implementing it at the earliest. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak termed the ruling a “common sense position” that “the vast majority of the British public" desired. However, the Labour Party said the policy was “unworkable” and “unethical.” (“Rwanda migrant plan is lawful, High Court rules,” BBC, 20 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: Security forces fired tear gas and stun grenades to disperse the protests
On 19 December, Sudanese security forces fired tear gas and stun grenades on pro-democracy protesters in the capital Khartoum. The demonstrators were marching towards the presidential palace demanding an end to the military rule. Previously, on 5 December, Sudan’s pro-democracy coalition Forces of Freedom and Change had signed a new deal with the military leaders agreeing for a two-year civilian-led transition towards election. However the protesters dismissed the agreement calling it too vague. Besides, the protesters claim that the deal doesn’t cover security reforms and that it would leave the military powerful and disrupt the democratic transition. (“Sudan police tear-gas pro-democracy protests,” BBC, 19 December 2022)
UK High Court rules Rwanda asylum plan lawful
On 19 December, the UK High Court ruled Rwanda asylum plan lawful and that it does not breach the UN’s Refugee Convention or human rights laws. Home Secretary Suella Braverman said that she is committed to the working of the plan. She said: “I am committed to making this partnership work - my focus remains on moving ahead with the policy as soon as possible and we stand ready to defend against any further legal challenge. However, Labour’s shadow home secretary Yvette Cooper called the policy “unworkable, extortionate and deeply damaging.” Meanwhile, Prime Minister Rishi Sunak welcomed the ruling, calling it a “common sense position” that “the vast majority of the British public” wanted. (“Rwanda migrant plan is lawful, High Court rules,” BBC, 19 December 2022)
South Africa: President Cyril Ramaphosa re-elected as ANC head
On 19 December, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa was re-elected as the leader of the governing African National Congress (ANC) party. He won against his rival Zweli Mkhize by 2,476 votes. He won the elections despite being challenged by money laundering allegations. Previously, Ramaphosa had denied and legally challenged the report by a parliamentary commission of inquiry, which claimed to have evidence for Ramaphosa’s misconduct and possible violation of the constitution. Besides, his victory comes despite a popular distress on regular power outages in the country. (“ANC conference: South Africa's President Cyril Ramaphosa defies scandal to win party vote,” BBC, 19 December 2022)
DRC objects to COP15 agreement
On 19 December, Democratic Republic of the Congo objected to the agreement signed at the UN Biodiversity Summit, also known as COP15. Environment Minister Ève Bazaiba said the DRC would raise its objections with the UN Secretary-General and the Convention on Biological Diversity. The DRC is home to the second-largest tropical rainforest and is home to critical ecosystems. The Guardian quoted Bazaiba: "We don’t need people to tell us to conserve it. Those who are asking us to protect our rainforests, to help humanity, we are asking those responsible for pollution for compensation. If they refuse, we are going to manage our own biodiversity." (Patrick Greenfield and Phoebe Weston, "We didn’t accept it’: DRC minister laments forcing through of Cop15 deal," The Guardian, 19 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph
Ghana criticises Burkina Faso’s engagement with Russian Wagnor group
On 16 December, Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo in a meeting with the US Secretary of State said that Burkina Faso invited the Russian mercenary Wagner group to fight jihadist insurgency in the country. He said the Russian group is on Ghana’s border and described the development as distressing. He added on the threat of dangerous proliferation of coups in West Africa and enemies of democracy working hard in the region. Later, the Burkinabe state information agency said that Burkina Faso has recalled its ambassador in Ghana for consultation to discuss the allegation. Meanwhile, UK Development Minister Andrew Mitchell who is visiting Ghana said that Russia’s presence in West Africa is “neither constructive nor helpful.” (“Ghana says Burkina Faso has invited Russian mercenaries,” BBC, 16 December 2022, “UK concerned about Russian mercenaries in West Africa,” BBC, 16 December 2022, “Burkina Faso recalls envoy in Ghana after Wagner claims,” BBC, 16 December 2022)
Mozambique: Parliament legalises local militias in jihadist fight
On 16 December, Mozambique’s parliament approved a new bill legalising local militias fighting the jihadist insurgency in the northern Cabo Delgado region. Defence Minister Cristovo Chume while presenting the bill said that the Mozambique army is not strong enough to fight the jihadist insurgency alone. He further added that there is an urgent need to engage local forces to strengthen the army “in combating and containing the spread of jihadist incursions.” (“Mozambique approves local militias in jihadist fight, BBC, 16 December 2022)
South Sudan: Hundreds fleeing to Sudan amid renewed fighting in Upper Nile
On 16 December, the state-owned Sudanese news agency reported that nearly 1,700 people have fled into Sudan after renewed violence in South Sudan's northern Upper Nile. The UN said that at least 166 people have been killed in the violence. The Unicef previously said that the violence between armed groups in the region started in August, has caused civilian deaths, injuries, abductions and has forced thousands to flee their homes. The state news agency added that the clashes have spread to Jonglei and Unity states. (“Hundreds fleeing South Sudan violence reach Sudan,” BBC, 16 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar and Anu Maria Joseph
Uganda: ICC upholds Ongwen’s sentence
On 14 December, the International Criminal Court upheld the conviction of a former child soldier Dominic Ongwen, who later became the commander of the Lord’s Resistance Army. In 2021, Ongwen was sentenced to 25 years in prison for rape, murder and child abduction. During the appeal against the conviction, Ongwen’s lawyers argued that he could not be held responsible for his acts because he was kidnapped as a nine-year-old and recruited as a child soldier. However, the judges maintained that Ongwen was acting independently at the time of the crimes. (“ICC upholds sentence of Uganda child soldier turned LRA commander,” Al Jazeera, 15 December 2022)
Central African Republic: Last French troops depart
On 15 December, the last French troops deployed - 47 personnel of a logistical unit - departed from the Central African Republic. France24 referred to an AFP news report quoting the commander of French forces in Gabon: “France decided that the conditions were no longer appropriate for us to continue working for the benefit of the Central African armed forces.” (“Last French troops leave Central African Republic amid closer Bangui-Moscow ties,” France24, 15 December 2022)
US assures support for AU membership at G20
On 15 December, US President Joe Biden extended support to the African Union’s bid to join the G20 and to have an African representative at the UN Security Council. Biden said: “Africa belongs at the table in every room – in every room where global challenges are being discussed, and in every institution where discussions are taking place.” Currently, only South Africa is a member of the G20 from Africa. Speaking at the second US-Africa Leaders Summit, Biden also announced that he would visit sub-Saharan Africa shortly. (“Biden calls for African Union to become permanent member of G20,” France24, 15 December 2022)
Zambia and Zimbabwe: Water level drop in Lake Kariba forces to ration power supply
On 15 December, BBC reported, Zambia began to ration its power supply following a large decrease in the water levels at Lake Kariba, a major source for its hydro-electric power plants. Meanwhile, Zimbabwe, which shares the lake with Zambia, had introduced an 18-hour power outage the previous week. Zimbabwe is now restricted to producing 300MW and Zambia 800 MW daily. Frequent droughts along with low rainfall and excessive use of water for power generation has caused the significant decrease of water levels in Lake Kariba. In Zambia, domestic consumers currently face a six hour outage per day and authorities say the power rationing is to avoid a complete shutdown. (“Zambia forced to ration power supply,” BBC, 15 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Apoorva Sudhakar
South Sudan: UN expresses dismay at increased violence in Upper Nile
On 13 December, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Türk expressed shock at the attacks on civilians by armed groups in the Upper Nile state. Türk called on the government to ensure an impartial investigation into “These killings, along with reports of gender-based violence, abductions, destruction of property and looting.” The statement comes at least 166 people were killed and 237 were wounded in inter-community clashes in four months. Meanwhile, a UN Special Rapporteur outlined the prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence and trafficking. (“South Sudan: UN rights chief appeals for end to ‘senseless violence’ in Upper Nile state,” UN News, 14 December 2022)
Ghana: Inflations reaches 50.3 per cent
On 14 December, Reuters reported that the consumer inflation rate had reached 50.3 per cent in November, the highest in 21 years and an increase from the 40.4 per cent in the previous month. The development comes after Ghana signed a staff-level agreement for USD three billion with the IMF. On 13 December, the finance minister said the government had begun restructuring domestic debt and was looking to restructure external debt. (Cooper Inveen and Christian Akorlie, “Ghana inflation hits 21-year high above 50% in November,” Reuters, 14 December 2022)
IN BRIEF
by Anu Maria Joseph and Apoorva Sudhakar
Democratic Republic of the Congo: Floods claim over 120 lives in Kinshasa
On 14 December, BBC reported that over 120 people had been killed in the floods and landslides in capital city Kinshasa. Major roads, including the N1 highway connecting Kinshasa to the Matadi port, are submerged. On 13 December, Prime Minister Jean-Michel Sama Lukonde visited the affected areas and said the search for more bodies was continuing. Meanwhile, President Félix Tshisekedi who is in Washington for the US-African Union summit said the floods were something that the DRC had been deploring; outlining the impact of climate change, Tshisekedi said: “The DRC is under pressure but unfortunately it's not sufficiently heard or supported.” (“Worst floods in years kill 120 people in DR Congo,” BBC, 13 December 2022)
Ethiopia: Tigray praise flow of medical supplies
On 13 December, Tigray health authorities praised the flow of medical supplies to previously war-driven northern Ethiopia following the peace deal signed between the federal government and the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). The TPLF run Tigray TV report said: “The Tigray Health Bureau has said basic medicines and medical equipment are flowing into Tigray and being distributed to health institutions following the ceasefire agreement.” The head of Tigray’s health office, Dr Amanuel Haile said: “One good news is that the first cargo plane landed last Thursday (8 December) carrying vaccines for children. We are very happy Unicef gave us the medicines it received from the Ethiopian government.” (“Ethiopia rebels praise 'flow of medical aid into Tigray',” BBC, 13 December 2022)
Somalia: IPC warns of famine early next year
On 13 December, Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) body assessment said that Somalia narrowly avoided a full scale famine this year. It added that avoiding famine doesn’t mean avoiding misery, hunger, and deaths and that millions of people living in worse humanitarian conditions would triple in 2023. This means over 700,000 people will face dire hunger unless proper assistance is provided. It further added, if the condition continues, famine could be declared as early as April 2023. ("Somalia famine narrowly avoided this year - official report," BBC, 13 December 2022)
Ghana: IMF sign agreement for USD 3 billion bailout
On 13 December, the IMF signed an initial agreement with Ghana for a bailout programme of USD 3 billion. The programme termed as the Extended Credit Facility would run for three years, formed to help Ghana in restoring its economic stability and ensure debt sustainability. In October, the country's inflation rate reached a record high to over 40 per cent. However, Ghana’s currency, the cedi, rallied against the US dollar besides losing half of its value initially this year. (“Ghana set to get $3bn IMF bailout,” BBC, 13 December 2022)
Rwanda: IMF approves USD 319 billion as climate payout
On 13 December, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) approved USD 319 billion for Rwanda through a new climate change programme, supporting the country's “ambitious agenda to build resilience to climate change and help to catalyse further financing.” Rwanda is the first African country to be funded by the Resilience and Sustainability Facility (RSF) - an IMF programme meant to support countries addressing climate change with long-term and low cost financing. (“Rwanda gets Africa's first IMF climate payout,” BBC, 13 December 2022)
Chad: 27 migrants found dead in desert
On 13 December, the International Organization for Migration said 27 migrants, including four children, had been found dead in a desert in Chad; the IOM said the migrants died of thirst after the truck they were travelling in from west-central Chad broke down. The IOM said that in the last eight years, 5,600 people have either died or gone missing while crossing the Sahara Desert to north African countries like Libya, which serve as a transit to Europe through the Mediterranean Sea. (“Bodies of 27 migrants found in Chad desert, says UN group,” ABC News, 13 December 2022)