IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

South Sudan: Extreme heatwave hits the country

On 18 March, the BBC reported on the chaotic weather conditions in South Sudan that led to the closure of schools. South Sudan has been hit by extreme heat waves as the temperature is expected to rise to 45C. Due to the El-Nino weather phenomenon, rains are expected after the heatwave that may cause flooding in the southern region. (“South Sudan heatwave: Extreme weather shuts schools and cuts power,” BBC, 18 March 2024)

Egypt: Migration agreement with the EU 

On 18 March, according to the BBC, the EU and Egypt signed an agreement worth EUR 7.4 billion. It focuses on boosting cooperation in trade, and security and preventing the flow of migration to Europe. Grants, loans, and several funds are in line to address the sluggish Egypt’s economy which is the major reason for people moving to Europe. Egypt's President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi stated: "This shall encompass tackling the root-causes through development-focused solutions and improving regular migration routes." (“EU and Egypt sign $8bn deal to curb migration,” BBC, 18 March 2024)

Nigeria: 87 people abducted in Kaduna

On 18 March, the BBC reported that at least 87 people were abducted in the Kajuru region of Kaduna state. The abductees included women and children. According to the residents, the gunmen were dressed like military personnel. The report commented that authorities are incapable of addressing the daily abductions and mounts pressure on President Bola Tinubu. (“Gunmen in Nigeria kidnap at least 87 people in new attack,” Al Jazeera, 18 March 2024)

East Africa: Eritrea and Somalia hold bilateral talks

On 18 March, BBC reported on the bilateral talks between the leaders of Eritrea and Somalia. Eritrean President Isaias Afwerki and Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud discussed the regional issues during the bilateral talks in the Eritrean capital Asmara. Eritrean Information Minister Yemane Meskel stated that the meeting included discussions on issues including militant problems in Somalia. (“Somali president holds security talks with Eritrean leader,” BBC, 18 March 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Niger: Suspends military cooperation with the US

On 17 March, Niger’s military spokesperson Colonel Amadou Abdramane announced the suspension of the military agreement with the US which allowed the latter to install military bases to operate in Niger. This immediate call-off came after the recent US delegates' visit. Abdramane stated: “Niger regrets the intention of the American delegation to deny the sovereign Nigerien people the right to choose their partners and types of partnerships capable of truly helping them fight against terrorism.” During the visit, the US delegates warned Niger of its increasing ties with Iran and Russia. (“Niger suspends military cooperation with US: Spokesman,” Al Jazeera,17 March)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Africa: Indian Navy rescues cargo vessels from pirates

On 16 March, the Indian Navy rescued a Maltese-flagged bulk carrier, MV Ruen, which was hijacked three months before. The merchant vessel was hijacked in December by the Somalian pirates with 17 crew members. According to the Navy, all the 35 pirates on board were forced to surrender and raided for the possession of illegal arms, ammunition and contraband. The hijacking of MV Ruen by Somali pirates in December marked their first successful operation since 2017. (“Indian navy captures ship from Somali pirates, rescu’ing 17 crew members,” BBC, 16 March)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Africa: 60 migrants die in the Mediterranean Sea

On 15 March, BBC reported that at least 60 migrants died after a rubber dinghy broke down in the Mediterranean Sea. The survivors claimed that they had departed from Zawiya, near the Libyan coast. The engine of the dinghy broke and was deserted in the sea for three days without food and water. Several of the migrants died of dehydration and hunger and not of drowning. (“60 migrants die in dinghy in Mediterranean, survivors say,” BBC, 15 March)

Senegal: Opposition leader Ousame Sonko released

On 15 March, Al Jazeera reported that Senegal’s main opposition leader, Ousmane Sonko, was released from prison following the political crisis triggered by President Macky Sall’s announcement of election postponement. Macky Sall’s government abruptly passed a bill postponing the elections scheduled for 24 February to December. The postponement sparked violent protests. Later, the Constitutional Council annulled the postponement and is now due to take place on 24 March. The arrest of Sonko in June 2023 sparked similar violent protests. He was arrested on the charges of misleading the youth. Sonko's release ahead of the elections was celebrated by the youth who supported his anti-corruption stance. (“Senegal’s top opposition leaders released from prison as elections loom,” Al Jazeera, 15 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Algeria: To boost renewable energy sources

On 14 March, Algeria, a major oil and gas exporter, signed contracts with local and international companies in a bid to develop two solar energy projects with a capacity of 3,000 MW. The country aims to reach a renewable energy capacity of 15,000 MW by 2035 by producing 27 per cent of its energy requirements from wind, solar and hydro. The major objective is to reduce reliance on oil and gas. Currently, only three per cent of the country’s energy production depends on renewable sources. (“Algeria to boost energy production with new solar plants,” BBC, 14 March 2024)

Nigeria: Eases sanctions on Niger

On 14 March, President Bola Tinubu announced the ease of sanctions on Niger which were imposed eight months before. He urged the immediate opening of borders, restarting of commercial flights and the supply of electricity. Niger suffered hard from the economic sanctions. In January, along with Mali and Burkina Faso, Niger announced its withdrawal from the West African bloc, ECOWAS, due to the imposed sanctions. (“Nigeria lifts sanctions on Niger and reopens borders,” BBC, 14 March 2024)

Sudan: Darfur women are the rape victims, reports Guardian

On 14 March, the BBC quoted a report by UK's Guardian that Darfur women are rape victims. According to the report, in Geneina, women are sexually exploited by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The most targeted victims are the women of the Masalit community. They identify the perpetrators as dark-skinned ethnic African tribes alleged to be Arab fighters. The war, which is nearly a year, has caused large humanitarian crises and the world's largest displacement crisis.  (“Darfur women allege being victims of targeted rape - report,” BBC, 14 March)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Mozambique: Storm Filipo kills four people

On 12 March, the BBC reported on the storm Filipo that hit the Inhambane province in southern Mozambique. Four people were killed and one was injured in the violent storm. The roads, schools and houses have been reportedly damaged. The storm hit the tourist spots of Tofo and Barra, where several tourist boats were damaged. The communication lines, electricity, and internet facilities have been adversely affected by the storm. (“Four dead as Storm Filipo batters Mozambique,” BBC, 12 March 2024) 

Sudan: SAF regains state headquarters in Omdurman

On 12 March, BBC reported on the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) regaining the headquarters of the state broadcaster in Omdurman. Since the war broke out, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) had the upper hand in Omdurman. Despite the UN's calls for a ceasefire ahead of the holy month of Ramadan, fighting continues. (“Sudan conflict: Army retakes state broadcaster's headquarters from RSF,” BBC, 12 March 2024) 

Somalia: Cargo ship hijacked at the coast of Somalia

On 12 March, the armed pirates attacked a cargo ship in the Indian Ocean, which is 600 nautical miles off the Somalian coast. The cargo travelling from Mozambique to the UAE was attacked by nearly 20 armed men. No group has taken responsibility. The Gulf of Aden and Somali Basin have become hotspots of piracy, where nearly 20 hijackings have taken place since November 2023. (“Pirates hijack cargo ship off the coast of Somalia,” BBC, 12 March) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Nigeria: Government warns schools of high abduction in 14 states

On 11 March, BBC reported that the government of Nigeria had declared schools in 14 states as targets for assaults, following the renewed wave of kidnappings. The National Coordinator of Financing Safe Schools in Nigeria, Hajia Halima Iliya, stated that the agency is ready to guide intervention measures with the collected information. (“Nigeria warns schools in 14 states at risk of kidnappings,” BBC, 11 March 2024) 

Libya: Rival parties agree on unified government

On 11 March, BBC reported that the President of the Libyan Presidential Council and the leader of the Benghazi-based administration had agreed to form a new unified government to supervise the long-delayed elections and “unify sovereign positions.” The talks between these rival governments were held under the leadership of the Secretary of the Arab League, General Ahmed Aboul Gheit, in Cairo. Libya was engulfed by a civil war in 2014 after the fall of Muammar Gaddafi in 2011. The civil war split the country between the internationally recognised government in the west, led by interim Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah in Tripoli, and the administration in the east backed by military strongman Khalifa Haftar in Benghazi. (“Rival Libyan leaders agree to form unified government,” BBC, 11 March 2024) 

Sudan: US special envoy kicked off his diplomatic tour

On 11 March, BBC reported that the newly appointed US special envoy to Sudan, Tom Perriello, began his diplomatic tour to East Africa and the Gulf. He would visit Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Uganda, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The development came ahead of the one-year completion of the civil war in Sudan and the UN’s proposal for a ceasefire during Ramadan. (“US Sudan envoy to meet alleged RSF backers,” BBC, 11 March 2024) 

Ethiopia: Discussion over ending Tigray conflict’s peace agreement delayed 

On 11 March, the federal government and the Tigrayan regional state initiated talks to end the Pretoria peace agreement which was brokered in November 2022. The delay in implementation escalated further tensions in the country. The agreement tries to look at power-sharing, regional autonomy and resource control. (“Talks open between Ethiopia and Tigray authorities,” BBC,  11 March 2024) 

Somalia: US’s action to destroy Somali Islamists 

On 11 March, the US Department of the Treasury announced that it would support Somalia in its "campaign to degrade this deadly terrorist group,” referring to Al Shabab. The department added that the Al Shabab militant group, which controls vast regions of Somalia, has been renamed as a "transnational money-laundering network.” The move is to reduce attention given to the group as an Al-Qaeda-linked Islamist militant group. (“US hits Somali Islamist network with sanctions,” BBC,  11 March 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Mozambique: UN out of funds to help terror victims

On 8 March, the UNHCR Chief, Filippo Grandi, appealed to the World Bank and other partners to aid Mozambique in development and the humanitarian crisis. The UN provides only 17 per cent of the funding in relief to Mozambique. Cabo Delgado, a mineral-rich province of Mozambique is plunged into frequent Islamist attacks that destroy its peace and stability. Grandi stated: "As a United Nations organisation, [we] are committed to providing a large-scale response to the humanitarian drama in Cabo Delgado, but unfortunately, without sufficient resources, we will have no alternative but to do less of what we should do." (“UN running out of money to help Mozambique terror victims,” BBC, 8 March 2024)

South Africa: Builds concrete wall to block Mozambicans

On 8 March, BBC reported that South Africa has allocated USD 2.7 million to build a concrete wall along its border with Mozambique to prevent people crossing to steal and smuggle vehicles. The barriers are being set up in three sectors. An eight-kilometre barrier near Tembe Elephant Park which is under construction; an eight-kilometre long stretch near iSimangaliso Wetland Park; a nine-kilometre wall from the western boundary of Tembe Elephant Park towards Pongolo River. The project received positive responses from the people and the South African National Defense Force. (“South Africa builds concrete wall to keep out Mozambicans,” BBC, 8 March 2024)

Sudan: UNSC demands ceasefire during Ramadan

On 8 March, while the delegates to the UN Security Council were debating a British-drafted resolution, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres pleaded with the parties at odds to put an end to hostilities ahead of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan. He asserted that this move would bring a road to peace. In addition, he cautioned about the spiralling humanitarian crisis in Sudan. (“UN chief calls for Ramadan ceasefire in Sudan,” BBC, 8 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Zimbabwe: Condemns the US sanctions on officials

On 7 March, Zimbabwe condemned the recently imposed US sanctions on senior officials on the grounds of corruption and human rights abuses. The spokesperson for President Mnangagwa described the accusations as “defamatory.” The deputy chief secretary of the president, George Charamba, demanded the removal of “illegal coercive measures” immediately, and urged the UN, the AU, and SADC to back Zimbabwe. (“Zimbabwe condemns fresh ‘illegal and coercive’ US sanctions,” BBC, 7 March 2024)

Africa: Three West African states form joint force to counter Jihadists

On 7 March, Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso announced the formation of a joint force to fight Jihadists. During the talks in the Nigerian capital Niamey, Niger's army chief Moussa Salaou Barmou stated that it would be operational without giving further information about the joint force. The region has undergone massive attacks that killed more than thousands of people in 2023 by groups linked to both Islamic State and al-Qaeda. (“Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso to form joint force to fight jihadists,” BBC, 8 March 2024) 

Senegal: President announces the election date

On 7 March, after riots and tensions, the government announced the date of the presidential election on 24 March. The decision was welcomed by the opposition. President Macky Sall was accused of attempting a constitutional coup to prolong his tenure, which was seen as a threat to democracy. President Macky Sall’s term in office will end on April 2. Senegal is the only country in West Africa that has never undergone a coup and is one of the stable democracies in Africa. (“Senegal President Mack Sall announces 24 March election,” BBC, 7 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Liberia: Taskforce to tackle corruption

On 6 March, President Joseph Boakai set up a new task force to address corruption. The task force is ordered to investigate corruption carried out by senior and past officials. Boakai, who was elected in January, vowed to address corruption during the election campaign. He stated that the assets, "wrongfully acquired at the expense of the government and people of Liberia," should be returned. (“Liberia's leader sets up task force to fight corruption,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

The Gambia: UN demands to withdraw a bill repealing FGM 

On 6 March, the UN warned against the Gambian parliament's proposal to lift the ban on Female Genital and demanded to withdraw it. Muslim religious leaders pressed the state to repeal FGM, whereas the rights activists started contesting it. (“UN asks The Gambia to withdraw bill lifting FGM ban,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 rebels advanced in the town of Nyanzale

On 6 March, the BBC reported that the military lost the town of Nyanzale, which is 80 miles north of Goma, to the M23 rebels. Rebel spokesperson, Willy Ngoma, stated: "We are now in Nyanzale, the enemy has fled.” Army commander, Jerome Chico Tshitambwe, confirmed the capture. (“M23 rebels seize town in eastern DR Congo,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

Sudan: Government agrees to aid via borders 

On 6 March, the military-led government in Sudan agreed to humanitarian aid via Chad and South Sudan. Previously, it banned the routes, claiming that the UAE had used the route to supply weapons to the Rapid Support Force (RSF). Clementine Nkweta-Salami, the UN humanitarian coordinator in Sudan, welcomed the decision stating that people in dire need will get assistance. (“Sudan agrees for aid to come via Chad and South Sudan,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

Sudan: WFP warns on largest-ever hunger crisis

On 6 March, the World Food Program (WFP) warned that the conflict in Sudan would trigger the largest-ever hunger crisis in Sudan. The conflict between the rival forces has crossed ten months. It has killed more than 14,000 people and displaced over eight million. Head of the World Food Program (WFP) Cindy McCain, during her visit to a camp in South Sudan, stated: “The victims of the war had been forgotten.” (“Sudan war may spark world's largest hunger crisis - WFP,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

Malawi: Flash floods kill six

On 6 March, the BBC reported on the flash floods that hit Malawi the previous week. At least six people died and four others were injured in the flash floods that hit central Malawi. The Department of Disaster Management Affairs stated that over 14,000 people have been displaced. Humanitarian assistance is hampered due to extensive infrastructure damage. (“Six dead after flash floods in Malawi,” BBC, 6 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Mozambique: 70 children missing after jihadist attack

On 5 March, BBC reported that 70 children went missing after a jihadist attack in Mozambique's northern Cabo Delgado province. It is feared that the children were abducted by armed fighters linked to the Islamic State (IS). Chiùre, south of Cabo Delgado, was considered a safe haven for displaced people in the region. However, President Filipe Nyusi recently stated that the jihadists deliberately targeted Chiùre to abduct children. The regional military has been trying to tackle the jihadist insurgency that began in 2017. (“Mozambique jihadist attacks: Fears for 70 missing children," BBC, 5 March 2024) 

Gambia: Bill to scrap the ban on FGM

On 5 March, a bill was presented before the Gambia's parliament by an independent lawmaker to abolish the ban on Female genital mutilation (FGM) in the country. In 2015, the FGM was outlawed by former President Yahya Jammeh, who stated that FGM is not a part of Islam. Regardless, the Muslim clerics pushed to lift the ban on FGM stating: “Female circumcision is my religious belief, Gambia is not for sale.” According to the UN, a three-quarter of Gambian women, aged between 15- 45, undergo FGM. (“FGM in The Gambia: Lawmaker tables bill in parliament to lift ban,” BBC, 5 March 2024) 

Ghana: President to wait for Supreme Court ruling before signing anti-LGBTQ bill

On 5 March, Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo said that he would not sign the anti-LGBTQ bill until the Supreme Court decides on its constitutionality. His decision came after the Ministry of Finance warned that the country would lose billions of dollars in Work Bank funding if it became a law. On 28 February, The Ghanaian parliament passed the bill with a majority. The bill imposes a three-year sentence for those who identify as LGBTQ and a five-year sentence for those who support and fund LGBTQ groups. (“Ghana's anti-LGBTQ+ bill: President Akufo-Addo to wait for Supreme Court ruling,” BBC, 5 March 2024)

Zimbabwe: US imposes sanctions on President Mnangagwa for corruption and human rights allegations

On 5 March, the US imposed sanctions on Zimbabwe’s President Emmerson Mnangagwa under allegations of corruption and human rights abuses. The White House stated: "We continue to witness gross abuses of political, economic, and human rights. The targeting of civil society and severe restrictions on political activity have stifled fundamental freedoms, while key actors, including government leaders, have syphoned off public resources for personal gains.” First Lady Auxillia Mnangagwa, Vice President Constantino Chiwenga and Defence Minister Oppah Muchinguri are additionally placed under sanctions for similar allegations. (“Zimbabwe: US slaps fresh sanctions on President Mnangagwa and other leaders,” BBC, 5 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Somalia: Joins EAC as the eighth member

On 4 March, Somalia joined as a full-time member of the East African Community (EAC) after the successful completion of requirements. The EAC secretariat stated that Somalia gained membership in the bloc “after depositing her Instrument of Ratification with the Secretary General.” In November, Somalia requested to join the bloc to boost the country’s economic growth. However, other members were sceptical of granting the membership due to the flaring insurgency and poverty in the country. (“Somalia becomes full member of East African Community,” BBC, 4 March 2024) 

Sudan: Demand to reinstate AU membership before mediation

On 4 March, Sudan’s military leader Abdel Fattah al-Burhan demanded reinstation of the country’s AU membership to consider the AU-led mediation to end the conflict.  Al Burhan stated: “Sudan's confidence in the AU and the potential solutions it can provide to end the war, but only if the state regains its full membership and the organisation treats it as such.” Sudan was suspended from the AU following the military takeover on 25 October 2021. Later, in April 2023, the AU formed a special three-member panel to resolve the conflict between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF). (“Sudan demands reinstatement before accepting AU mediation,” BBC, 4 March 2024)

Zimbabwe: US imposes sanctions over corruption

On 4 March, The US imposed sanctions on several Zimbabwe’s officials including President Emmerson Mnangagwa for allegedly drawing off money for personal purposes. The US Department of State stated: “With this action, the 2003 executive sanction order is repealed and 11 people and three businesses are added to the worldwide Magnitsky sanctions program's list.” (“US sanctions Zimbabwe president for corruption,” BBC, 4 March 2024)

Ghana: Finance Ministry warns against anti-LGBTQ law 

On 4 March, Ghana’s Ministry of Finance cautioned the government against signing the new anti-LGBTQ bill that would cause a loss of USD 3.8 billion in World Bank funding over the next five years. The ministry suggested President Nana Akufo-Addo not sign the bill until the Supreme Court’s ruling regarding the constitutionality of the bill. The bill was approved by the Ghanaian parliament the previous week. It imposes a three-year sentence for those who identify as LGBTQ and a five-year sentence for supporting or funding LGBTQ groups. (“Ghana's finance ministry warns against anti-LGBT bill,” BBC, 4 March 2024)

Algeria: Extends aid to Mozambique’s fight against Jihadists

On 4 March, in the light of Mozambique President Filipe Nyusi's four-day visit, the Algerian government vowed to extend its support to Mozambique’s fight against Jihadist insurgency in the northern province of Cabo Delgado. Nyusi stated that Algeria has "promised immediate support for the Local Force, the one that is fighting terrorism." (“Algeria pledges to help Mozambique fight jihadists,” BBC, 4 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Burkina Faso: Series of attacks kill hundreds

On 3 March, Al Jazeera reported that at least 170 people were killed in a series of attacks in three villages in northern Burkina Faso. The attacks are separate from the attacks on a mosque in Natiaboani and a church in Essakane that killed dozens. Currently, nearly half of the country is under the control of several armed groups. (“About 170 people killed in Burkina Faso attacks, regional official says,” Al Jazeera, 3 March 2024)

Chad: Military leader to run for election

On 2 March, Chad’s military leader, Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno, announced that he would run for the presidential election which is scheduled for May. Deby stated: “I, Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno, am a candidate for the 2024 presidential election under the banner of the For a United Chad coalition.” The elections are expected to end three years of transition after Mahamat Deby took over the power post-death of his father Idriss Deby. (“Chad interim leader Deby confirms plan to run for president in May,” Al Jazeera, 3 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Kenya: Signs a “reciprocal” deal with Haiti

On 1 March, Kenyan President William Ruto announced that Kenya and Haiti signed a “reciprocal” agreement to deploy a police force as part of a UN mission fighting gang violence in Haiti. Ruto stated that with Haitian Prime Minister Ariel Henry he discussed “ the next steps to enable the fast-tracking of the deployment”, but it was not immediately clear whether the agreement would counter a court ruling in January that branded the deployment “unconstitutional.” Kenya had previously agreed to deploy 1,000 police forces, however was halted by its constitutional court which alleged that the country cannot deploy its force outside. (“Kenya, Haiti sign ‘reciprocal’ agreement on police deployment: Ruto,” Al Jazeera, 1 February 2024)

Sudan: UN human rights chief warns of war crimes

On 1 March, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Turk, stated that a deliberate attempt to disrupt access to humanitarian agencies in the war-torn Sudan would imply a war crime. He stated: “Sudan has become a living nightmare. Almost half of the population – 25 million people – are in urgent need of food and medical aid. Some 80 per cent of hospitals have been put out of service.” The development came after aid supplies were looted, humanitarian workers were attacked and humanitarian agencies complained about bureaucratic challenges to reach out to the conflict-hit regions. According to the UN, the fighting between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) has killed at least 14,600 people and injured 26,000. (“UN official warns of possible war crimes, rape as a weapon in Sudan,” Al Jazeera, 1 March 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Senegal: Migrant boat shipwreck causes casualties

On 29 February, BBC reported that a migrant boat, carrying more than 300 people to Europe, sank; 24 people reportedly drowned. The boat sank near the Saint Louis estuary, a meeting point of Senegal and the Atlantic Ocean. President Macky Sall expressed his "deep sadness" stating: "The relevant authorities have been mobilised to provide them with support and assistance." (" At least 24 dead in migrant shipwreck in Senegal," BBC, 29 February 2024) 

Ghana: US raises concern over the anti-LGBTQ bill

On 29 February, the US State Department spokesperson, Matthew Miller, expressed concern over the anti-LGBTQ bill which was passed by the parliament. He averred: “The bill would also undermine Ghana’s valuable public health, media and civic spaces, and economy.” ("US 'deeply troubled' by Ghana's anti-gay bill," BBC, 29 February 2024) 

Chad: Opposition leader killed in shootout

On 29 February, BBC reported that Chad’s opposition politician, Yaya Dillo, was killed in a shootout by security forces in the capital N’Djamena. Dillo and 12 others were killed during the attack. Dillo’s party, Socialist Party Without Borders (PSF), was accused of gunfire on the headquarters of the National Security Agency (ANSE) on 28 February, which was immediately denied by the party. These attacks came after the announcement of the election that is to be held on 6 May. (“Yaya Dillo: Chad opposition leader killed in shootout," BBC, 29 February 2024) 

Zambia: President declares national emergency over drought

On 29 February, President Hakainde Hichilema declared a nationwide emergency due to drought. He stated that 84 districts out of 116 are being affected by the disaster. The country has been receiving poor rainfall, escalating the fear of hunger and energy needs. The Kariba dam's water level has dropped to nearly 11.5 per cent which is used for harnessing hydroelectric power by Zambia and Zimbabwe. The president stated that the drought would affect the production of 450 megawatts of power. (“Zambia declares national emergency over drought,” BBC, 29 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Guinea: Opposition leader appointed as Prime Minister

On 28 February, Guinea’s opposition leader Mamadou Oury Bah was appointed as the new Prime Minister. The country’s interim President, Mamady Doumbouya, carried out the sworn-in event. The development came after the military dissolved the interim government without any details. Guinea is expected to end the transition and hold its elections this year. In 2021, the military carried out a coup, ousting the civilian-led government. (“Guinea junta appoints Mamadou Oury Bah as new prime minister,” BBC, 28 February 2024) 

Senegal: Elections to be held on 2 June

On 27 February, after a two-day national dialogue, the panel proposed to hold elections on 2 June. The panel included several civil, political, and religious leaders except the candidates on the ballot. The dialogue focussed on fostering trust among people and candidates. The panel asked the Election Commission to relook at the decision that blocked candidates including Karim Wade, an opposition leader and son of former President Abdoulaye Wade, from the ballot. The development came after the Constitutional Council annulled President Macky Sall’s decision to postpone the elections to December. Violent protests erupted across the country following the announcement of election delay. (“June elections proposed during Senegal dialogue to end political crisis,” BBC, 28 February 2024) 

Ghana: Parliament passes LGBTQ bill

On 28 February, the parliament of Ghana passed a new anti-LGBTQ bill. The bill imposes a sentence of three years for identifying as LGBTQ+ and a five-year jail term for forming or funding LGBTQ+ communities. The bill is yet to be signed by President Nana Akufo-Addo. The bill was initiated by two major political parties who consider gay sex to be a crime and an alien to the Ghanaian culture and family value system. This bill has been condemned by several human rights groups claiming that it is against fundamental human rights and freedom. This bill poses a threat to the LGBTQ+ community living in Ghana. (“Ghana passes bill making identifying as LGBTQ+ illegal,” BBC, 28 February 2024) 

Chad: Attack in the capital 

On 28 February, the BBC reported on the attacks in Chad's capital, N'Djamena, and the National Security Agency's (ANSE) headquarters. Gunfire killed many people and injured several others. The government blamed the opposition Socialist Party Without Borders (PSF) for the attack. However, its leader, Yaya Dillo, denied the allegations. The attack came after the government announced the presidential election on 6 May. The upcoming election will end the transitional government under military leader Mahamt Deby. (“Chad fighting: Heavy gunfire in N'Djamena after attack on security HQ,” BBC, 28 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Benin: Deployment of 2000 troops to counter gang violence in Haiti

On 27 February, BBC reported on the announcement by the government of Benin to deploy troops in Haiti. During a press briefing held in Guyana, the US Ambassador to the UN, Linda Thomas-Greenfield, announced that Benin is set to offer 2000 troops to a UN-approved Kenyan-led multinational security force in Haiti aimed at fighting gang violence. Greenfield stated: "This mission is key to helping the Haitian national police restore peace and security, enabling free and fair elections, and alleviating the humanitarian crisis.” (“Benin offers 2,000 troops to Kenya-led Haiti force,” BBC, 27 February 2024) 

Nigeria: Protests against government as inflation hikes

On 27 February, the Nigeria Labour Congress (NLC), a trade union, began its two-day protests against the government to "end hunger and insecurity" across the country. The primary demands of the protesters are to “open all food storage silos and ensure equitable distribution across the country,” and abandon the World Bank and International Monetary Fund policies. Meanwhile, Nigeria's Central Bank has raised interest rates in an initiative to curb inflation. Inflation has reached nearly 30 per cent and millions are struggling for basic needs and food. (“Labour unions in Nigeria kick off two-day protests, Nigeria raises interest rates amid cost-of-living protests,” BBC,  27 February 2024) 

Guinea: Two people killed during protests against the increasing cost of living

On 27 February, Al Jazeera reported that at least two people were killed in a violent protest that erupted in Guinea’s capital Conakry. The protests began after the military dissolved the transitional government without providing a reason. The strike was organised by the confederation of several trade unions, demanding low food prices, media freedom, and the release of the Secretary-General of the Union of Press Professionals of Guinea (SPPG), Sekou Jamal Pendessa. (“Two people shot dead as Guinea protest turns bloody,” Al Jazeera, 27 February 2024) 

Chad: Elections to be held in May

On 27 February, Chadian military authorities announced the delayed elections to be held in May. The polls would put an end to a transition that began in 2021. Gen Mahamat Déby took over the power after his father and President Idriss Deby died in the battleground against insurgent groups. (“Chad set for the first election since the end of civilian rule,” BBC,  27 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Burkina Faso: Attack on mosque in Natiaboani

On 26 February, BBC reported that gunmen attacked a mosque in the town of Natiaboani on 25 February. Insurgents currently control a large area of the country. The incident happened on the same day attackers targeted a church in the northern village of Essakane and killed dozens. Attacks on religious buildings have increased recently. No group has claimed the attack. Al Qaeda in the Sahel region asserted that it only captured army barracks in Natiaboani and denied the attack on the mosque. ("Burkina Faso mosque attack: Dozens killed during prayers," BBC, 26 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: Heightening tensions in Amhara

On 26 February, BBC reported on Ethiopia’s Amhara region facing increased fighting between the regional militia, Fano, and the federal forces. The federal authority has blocked a road connecting Debre Birhan and Dese following the fighting. Previously, the Ethiopian Human Rights Commission alleged that the federal troops had carried out dozens of extra-judicial killings in the region. ("Residents in Ethiopian region describe 'intense' clashes," BBC, 26 February 2024) 

Kenya: The US carries out joint military exercises

On 26 February, the US began its military exercise, Justified Accord, in Kenya. Nearly 20 countries took part in the 11-day exercise. The exercise aims to achieve countries' readiness for peacekeeping missions, crisis response, and humanitarian assistance. The US military stated: "Justified Accord, the largest exercise in East Africa, showcases the desire of the US and partner nations to increase readiness and interoperability for regional security and crisis response." ("US begins its largest military exercise in East Africa," BBC, 26 February 2024) 

Nigeria: Army denies report of coup plot

On 26 February, the Nigerian Army denied the reports of a coup attempt. The Nigerian Defence Headquarters (DHQ) stated that reports were falsified and advised the public to ignore them. The presidential guards were mobilised in the capital Abuja, triggering a suspected coup. (“Nigerian army denies report of coup plot,” BBC, 26 February 2024) 

Ecowas lifts sanctions against Guinea and Niger 

On 26 February, the ECOWAS lifted sanctions imposed on Guinea followed by Niger. ECOWAS stated: "The authority instructs the president of the commission to invite all four Ecowas member states in transition to technical and consultative meetings of Ecowas as well as to all security-related meetings." Previously, the bloc imposed sanctions on Niger, Guinea, Mali and Burkina Faso following the respective coups. The bloc's President Omar Alieu Touray stated that the decision is purely on a "humanitarian basis." In January, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso left the bloc forming the Alliance of Sahel States. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu urged three countries to reconsider their withdrawal decision. (“West African bloc Ecowas lifts sanctions against Guinea,” BBC, 26 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Niger: ECOWAS lifts sanctions

On 24 February, ECOWAS lifted sanctions on Niger which were imposed following the coup in 2023. The announcement came with a condition of immediate release of President Mohamed Bazoum and his family members who were detained following the coup. The bloc's President Omar Alieu Touray stated that the decision is purely on a "humanitarian basis." In January, Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso left the bloc forming the Alliance of Sahel States. Nigerian President Bola Tinubu urged three countries to reconsider their withdrawal decision. ("ECOWAS lifts sanctions on Niger amid tensions in West Africa bloc," Al Jazeera, 24 February 2024) 

Burkina Faso: Terrorist attack on Catholic church

On 25 February, the northern village of Essakane witnessed a terrorist attack carried out by unknown gunmen on a Catholic church. At least 12 people were killed during the attack. No group has claimed responsibility for the attack.  According to a report by the Africa Center for Strategic Studies, the number of people killed by armed groups has nearly tripled compared to the previous 18 months. (“At least 15 killed in attack on Catholic church in Burkina Faso,” Al Jazeera, 25 February 2024) 

South Africa: ANC pitches for votes as majority threatened

On 24 February, the African National Congress (ANC) announced its manifesto for the May elections. It fears that the share of the vote could fall below 50 per cent for the first time since independence. Several challenges, including unemployment that rose to 32 per cent, frequent power cuts and high crime levels, led to the ANC losing its popularity. According to BBC, President Cyril Ramaphosa stated: "There are forces that seek to use this election to undo the progress of democracy. It is crucial that together we defend our hard-won freedom.” The ANC  polled above 50 per cent in national elections, enabling it to run the country without challenge since 1994. (“South Africa's ANC pitches for votes as majority threatened,” BBC, 24 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Ivory Coast: President pardons jailed prisoners

On 23 February, the President of Ivory Coast Alassane Ouattara announced the pardoning of 51 prisoners who were arrested in the post-2010 election on the grounds of crime against state security. The country was flared up by disputes when the incumbent President Laurent Gbagbo declined to give power to the then-poll winner President Ouattara. This move lasted from November 2010 to April 2011 and killed and sexually abused many people. Reports say that this move is part of the President's commitment to work resolutely to consolidate peace." ("Ivory Coast president pardons prisoners jailed for poll violence," BBC, 23 February 2024) 

Zambia: Massive cholera outbreak

On 23 February, the BBC reported on the biggest-ever cholera outbreak in the country. The Cholera has killed almost 700 people, says the medical charity Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF). Analysis reports that this is the biggest ever Cholera outbreak that the country has witnessed.  The country's capital Lusaka was the main point from where it got to spread to other provinces infecting more than 19,000 people. The disease is mostly caused by contaminated water and unhygienic situations. (“Zambia's biggest-ever cholera outbreak kills almost 700,” BBC, 23 February 2024) 

Sudan: UN exposes Human Rights violations

On 23 February, the UN's Human Rights Office released the report, “Sudan: Horrific violations and abuses as fighting spreads.” This report highlights the human rights crimes committed by the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) during the past eight months. The report states that thousands of people were killed in ethnically motivated attacks in the Darfur region. It alleges that hundreds of women and children were raped and sexually assaulted and several students were publicly beheaded by both forces. Besides, the report cited satellite images revealing the use of heavy explosives in densely populated areas. (“Child rape and ethnic killings exposed in Sudan - UN,” BBC, 23 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Kenya: Government exempts entry fee for some foreign countries

On 22 February, the government of Kenya exempted the entry fee of $30 (£23) for South Africa, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Congo-Brazzaville, Comoros, and Mozambique national passport holders but still have to get electronic authorization to visit Kenya. It also scrapped visa requirements for all foreigners visiting Kenya last month. This initiative is seen as an attempt to promote Kenya as a tourist destination and to attract business travellers. Critics say that it could lead to issues with countries that have visa-waiver agreements and with payment for entry, making travel more costly and bureaucratic for them. (“Kenya scraps entry fee for South Africans and several other foreign nationals,” BBC, 22 February 2024) 

Libya: Deal calls for the withdrawal of militias out of Tripoli succeeds

On 22 February, BBC reported that armed gangs who have controlled Tripoli for over a decade have agreed to leave the capital. Interior Minister Imad Trabelsi announced that after extensive discussions, a deal had been reached for regular forces to police Tripoli. The agreement comes after many deadly conflicts in the city in recent months. It calls for at least five armed groups to leave Tripoli before the end of the Muslim holy month of Ramadan on 9 April, including one based in an area where ten people were killed over the weekend.  Libya has been hammered by numerous armed factions that formed following Muammar Gaddafi's ouster in 2011. (“Libya government says militias to leave Tripoli after deal struck Published 6 days ago,” BBC, 22 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Somalia: Signs defence deal with Turkey

On 21 February, Somalia signed a defence agreement with Tukey to enhance its maritime security. The deal was signed by Somalia’s Minister of Defence Abdulkadir Mohamed Nur and his Turkish counterpart Yaşar Güler during the former's visit to Türkiye. The ten-year deal allows Turkey to arm and train the Somalian Navy and deploy its troops in Somalian waters. The Somalian coast is prone to several illegal activities and piracy. Somalia’s Prime Minister Hamza Abdi stated that the deal would eliminate such crimes and improve maritime security. (“Somalia approves major defence deal with Turkey,” BBC, 21 February 2024) 

Ghana: Delayed green nuclear plans

On 21 February, BBC reported on Ghana’s plans to build and run one or two nuclear power plants by 2030. Nuclear power is the key to its demand in the energy sector and transit to greener energy. However, the transition is being delayed due to the financial crisis. The executive director of state-run Nuclear Power Ghana, Stephen Yamoah, stated: “We should probably have been starting construction now, but we’re still engaging to identify the [right] vendor.” The Ghanaian government has been negotiating with China, France, Russia, South Korea and the US on their nuclear power development. (“Ghana's green nuclear plans face delay,” BBC, 21 February 2024) 

South Africa: Government to use foreign reserves to pay off debt

On 21 February, at the budget speech by the South African Minister of Finance, Enoch Godongwana announced plans to tap into the country’s foreign reserves and gold to reduce its debts. South Africa's current borrowings are the highest since 1947. The budget is predominantly spent on servicing the debt rather than developments. (“SA government to use foreign reserves to pay off debt,” BBC, 21 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: Accidental drone strike on civilians

On 21 February, BBC reported on the accidental army drone strike that killed dozens of civilians in the Amhara region. During a confrontation with the Amhara militant group, Fano, the army drone hit a truck that was dropping passengers in Sasit town. 30 civilians were reportedly killed and 18 others were injured. The Amhara region has been under a state of emergency since August 2022. (“Ethiopian army drone kills dozens, witnesses say,” BBC, 21 February 2024) 

Nigeria: NCS to hand out seized food amid crisis

On 21 February, following a food crisis amidst protests in at least five states, the Nigeria Customs Service (NCS) planned to hand out the seized food items. A spokesperson for the NCS, Abdullahi Maiwada, vowed for equitable transfer of food items to those in dire need. Unspecified tons of rice, groundnut oil, noodles, and other goods would be made available to regular Nigerians. Previously, the African Development Bank (AfDB) had cautioned about the high cost of living, and unpleasant situations are yet to come. ("Nigeria customs to distribute seized food amid crisis," BBC, 21 February 2024) 

Senegal: Justice Minister announced the release of protestors 

On 21 February, Senegal’s Minister of Justice, Aissata Tall Sall, announced the release of 400 protesters who were detained during the protests in March 2021 and June 2023. The release of opposition leader Ousmane Sonko and presidential candidate Bachirou Diomaye Faye is unclear. She stated: "The only thing I can say is that this is not a mass release; these are cases that are studied on a case-by-case basis according to the elements in the files.” The announcement came after Senegal’s Constitutional Council annulled the government's decision to postpone the elections to December 2024. (" Senegal releases hundreds of political prisoners," BBC, 21 February 2024) 

Democratic Republic of Congo: Rebel leaders sanctioned by the UN

On 21 February, the UN imposed an arms embargo, travel ban and asset freeze against six rebel leaders. It includes the military spokesperson of the M23 rebel group, a general of the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), two senior leaders in the Ugandan armed group Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a leader of the National Coalition of the People for the Sovereignty of Congo (CNPSC), a member of Mai-Mai group, and a commander of the Twirwaneho armed group. US Alternative Representative for Special Political Affairs in the UN,  Robert Wood, stated: "These individuals are responsible for numerous abuses." ("UN sanctions six DR Congo rebel leaders," BBC, 21 February 2024) 

West African coups spark debate and sanctions

On 21 February, several West African countries witnessed military coups in recent years with leaders ousted due to their perceived failures in handling armed groups. These coups have triggered sanctions from the regional bloc ECOWAS, angering the affected nations. Meanwhile, the situation has sparked debates about the state of democracy in the region, even though locals in some countries seem to have initially welcomed the military takeovers. As regional leaders prepare to meet, concerns linger about the future of democracy and stability in West Africa. ("‘ECOWAS is making efforts to get across to Niger’: Nigerian defence chief," BBC, 21 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S

South Africa: “Israel’s apartheid must end,” says SA’s ambassador to the Netherlands 

On 20 February, at the second hearing of the case at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) against Israel, South Africa stated that Israel is responsible for apartheid against the Palestinians and its occupation is “inherently and fundamentally illegal.” South Africa’s ambassador to the Netherlands, Vusimuzi Madonsela, stated: “It is clear that Israel’s illegal occupation is also being administered in breach of the crime of apartheid… It is indistinguishable from settler colonialism. Israel's apartheid must end.” More than 50 countries presented their arguments at the ICJ on the legal implications of Israel’s occupation. (“Israel’s apartheid must end,’ South Africa says at ICJ hearing,” Al Jazeera, 20 February 2024) 

Guinea: Military dissolves interim government

On 20 February, the military dissolved the interim government without further details.

The military stated that the directors of the cabinet, secretary generals and their deputies would be in charge until a new government was formed. The military took power in 2021 ousting the first democratically elected president, Alpha Conde. The coup leader, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya, had promised to hand the government to elected civilians by the end of 2024. (“Military leaders dissolve government in Guinea,” Al Jazeera, 20 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Senegal: Opposition calls for voting in six weeks

On 19 February, BBC reported that 15 of 20 presidential candidates demanded elections by 2 April. The 15 candidates insisted that the list should not be altered. President Macky Sall planned to postpone the elections to December citing issues in the eligibility of the candidates. However, the move was annulled by the Constitutional Council calling it “unconstitutional.” (“Senegal candidates call for vote within six weeks,” BBC, 19 February) 

Africa: Increase in African migrants in Mexico trying to reach the US

On 19 February BBC reported on the surge in African migrants in Mexico, trying to reach the US. Compared to the previous year, the statistics say that the number of migrants surged nine times. Around 6,500 African migrants reached Mexico in 2022, whereas, in 2023 the number increased to 60,000. The migrants pay smugglers to reach their destination. The head of the Mission International Organisation for Migration Mexico (UN-IOM), Dana Graber Ladek, stated that the majority of migrants are from Guinea, Angola, Mauritania, Senegal, Nigeria and Cameroon. (“Mexico sees surge of African migrants hoping to reach US,” BBC, 19 February 2024) 

Nigeria: Protests against increased cost of living

On 19 February, BBC reported on the protests condemning the increased cost of living in Nigeria. Protests are held in the cities of Oyo and Ibadan demanding price reductions for goods and services. Increased inflation, high food prices and the government's decision to end a long-running fuel subsidy are the factors behind the increasing cost of living. (“Protests in Nigeria over rising cost of living,” BBC, 19 February 2024) 

Nigeria: Information Minister denies opposition's allegations 

On 19 February, Nigeria's Minister of Information and National Orientation, Mohammed Idris, rejected President Bola Tinubu's resignation called by the country's main opposition Peoples Democratic Party (PDP) denying allegations against him. The development came following the persisting economic challenges and rising food crises. The minister stated: "The President will courageously continue to wrestle with the challenges and surmount them, laying a durable foundation for the new Nigeria that is emerging." ("Calls for Tinubu's resignation a 'distraction' - minister," BBC, 19 February 2024) 

Tunisia: Opposition leader joins hunger strike 

On 19 February, the leader of the Ennahda party, Rached Ghannouchi, started a hunger strike to mark the one year of his detention. He was given a three-year imprisonment for backing a coup against President Kaïs Saïed. In April 2023, Saied closed the headquarters of the Ennahda party and reduced the independence of the court, citing the need to preserve peace. ("Jailed Tunisian opposition leader starts hunger strike," BBC, 19 February 2024) 

South Africa: Elections on May 29 and ANC's challenges ahead

On 19 February, President Cyril Ramaphosa's office disclosed that the national and provincial elections would be scheduled for 29 May. The day coincides with the country's 30 years of independence. Since 1994, South Africa has been led by the African National Congress (ANC). However, this time, the party is expected to face tough challenges and may get less than a 50 per cent majority. The struggle for the party comes amidst record power cuts, poor service delivery and high levels of unemployment. Further, the suspension of former President Jacob Zuma, who currently backs the Spear of the Nation party, would divide the votes. ("South Africa to hold general election on May 29," Al Jazeera, 19 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

The AU swifts action to tackle instability across Africa

On 18 February, BBC reported on the African Union Commission's collective measures to address issues across Africa. The Chairperson of the African Union Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat made the call during the two-day AU Summit. The bloc's top agenda is the conflicts in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Mahamat raised concerns about the "litany of difficulties" in the region. He added that the situation in Sudan was "bruised, torn, sinking into chaos" due to the war that has been raging since 2023. He voiced concern for the conflict between Israel and Hamas, Libya being divided and exposed to foreign interference, the rise in jihadist insurgencies in the Sahel region, and Senegal's political crisis due to a delayed election. He added: "Africa cannot remain arms folded and not work to promote genuine peace in the region.” (“AU Commission chief urges action on Africa instability,” BBC, 18 February 2024) 

Senegal: Protests demanding immediate election

On 18 February, BBC reported on the opposition's demand for immediate elections. Several opposition demonstrators gathered in the capital Dakar, demanding the presidential election to be held at the earliest. Following President Macky Sall's announcement of delayed elections, the country witnessed several riots and protests. The election was scheduled for 25 February, however, on 3 February Sall postponed it to December citing disputes over the eligibility of the candidates. Meanwhile, the Constitutional Council annulled the delay describing it “unconstitutional.” (“Senegal election: Opposition supporters march in Dakar calling for swift vote Published,” BBC, 18 February 2024) 

Democratic Republic of Congo: US condemns M23 rebel attack

On 18 February, the US condemned the drone attack in Congo carried out by the M23 rebel group which is allegedly backed by Rwanda. The development came after the group advanced toward Goma, the capital of North Kivu. The conflict has forced thousands to be displaced. US State Department spokesman Matthew Miller stated: “This escalation has increased the risk to millions of people already exposed to human rights abuses including displacement, deprivation, and attacks.” The DRC, the UN and Western countries accuse Rwanda of backing the Tutsi-led M23 group in a bid to control mineral resources, which was denied by the country. (“US ‘strongly condemns’ violence in DR Congo after alleged drone attack,” Al Jazeera, 18 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Democratic Republic of Congo: UN report alleges Rwanda of using advanced military

On 17 February, a UN report alleged the Rwandan military using advanced weapons, including surface-to-air missiles, to support the M23 rebel group in the eastern DRC. The report claimed that a Rwandan missile was fired at a UN drone. This incident has heightened tensions in the region with the UN Security Council expressing concern and condemning the M23 offensive. Fighting between the rebels and government forces reportedly resulted in dozens of casualties. ("DR Congo accuses Rwanda of airport ‘drone attack’ in restive east," Al Jazeera, 17 February 2024) 

Somalia: President accuses Ethiopia of trying to annex its port

On 17 February, Somalia's President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud accused Ethiopia of attempting to annex its port through a deal with Somaliland. He stated that the port deal “is nothing more than annexing part of Somalia to Ethiopia, and changing the borders of Somalia,” and Somalia "categorically objects to that.” Tensions increased between Somalia and Ethiopia following the deal with Somaliland, a breakaway region of Somalia. Somalia opposed the deal and described it as a violation of its sovereignty. While Ethiopia denied ill intentions, the dispute remains unresolved and raises concerns about regional stability. ("Somalia president accuses Ethiopia of trying to annex part of its territory," Al Jazeera, 17 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

South African soldiers killed in DR Congo

On 15 February, BBC reported that the South African troops that were deployed in DRC to quell the rebellion were attacked, leading to two fatalities and three others injured. The troops were sent as part of the Southern African Development Community (SDAC) to assist the Congolese army’s fight against insurgency in eastern DRC. South Africa's opposition has called for an immediate withdrawal from the country. The development came after the M23 rebels captured Goma, the capital of North Kivu. (“South African troops killed in DR Congo: What is behind the Sadc deployment?,” BBC, 15 February 2024) 

Senegal: Constitutional Council annuls the election delay

On 15 February, the BBC reported that the Constitutional Council ordered the delayed election proposed by President Macky Sall as “unlawful.” The council cancelled the election postponement and the contentious bill passed by parliament scheduling the election for December, calling it unconstitutional. The opposition described the ruling as "a great day for democracy.” Former Prime Minister, Aminata Touré, stated: "We've been so ashamed by all this violation of the law and the constitution.” On 3 February, President Macky Sall announced the election delay citing issues over the eligibility of the candidates. At least three people were killed during the riots that followed. (“Senegal election: Court blocks President Macky Sall's bid to delay poll,” BBC, 15 February 2024) 

South Africa: Foreign minister slams Israel at the AU Summit

On 15 February, the BBC reported on the South African response to the Israeli allegations that it is representing the interests of Hamas. After South Africa filed a case against Israel for genocide at the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the two countries are in a row. Israel called the South African government the representatives of the interests of the Hamas. South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Naledi Pandor, replied: "Insults are the last resort of a scoundrel.” At the African Union Summit, Pandor commented that the international community is responsible for ending the Israel-Hamas conflict. (“We are not representing Hamas - SA foreign minister,” BBC, 15 February 2024) 

Cameroon: HRW questions the injustice of the Ngarbuh village massacre

On 15 February, Human Rights Watch (HRW) asserted that the prolonged justice by the Cameron's military court is an injustice to the 21 killings in Ngarbuh village in 2022. HRW director for Central Africa, Lewis Mudge stated: “Hearings have been postponed multiple times,... the court has refused to admit key evidence." The village of Ngarbuh was attacked by soldiers and armed personnel on the suspicion of the presence of separatists. The government refused to hold responsibility. ("Trial for Cameroon killings marred by irregularities - HRW," BBC, 15 February 2024) 

Africa: Russia's neocolonialism meet 

On 15 February, BBC quoted Russia's Sputnik and United Russia Party that South Africa and the Central African Republic took part in a neocolonialism forum organised by Russia. It was themed "Forum of Supporters of The Struggles Against Modern Practices Of Neo-colonialism – For The Freedom Of Nations." South Africa's ruling ANC party's Secretary General Fikile Mbalula and CAR President Faustin-Archange Touadera attended the event. In addition, North Korea's ruling party delegates and other representatives from the global south who consider Russia a colonialist fighter attended the forum. ("SA, CAR teams attend neo-colonialism event in Russia," BBC, 15 February 2024) 

Egypt: Reconciliation efforts with Turkey

On 15 February, BBC reported that Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan and his Egyptian counterpart Abdel Fattah al-Sisi disclosed their intentions of turning "a new leaf" in their relationship following the decade-long estrangement. Turkey-Egypt relations fell apart after the ousting of Islamist President Mohamed Morsi who was backed by Turkey in 2013. The development came after both parties met in the Egyptian capital Cairo. During the meeting, both sides agreed to several bilateral agreements. ("Egypt renews ties with Turkey as Erdogan visits Cairo," BBC, 15 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S, Anu Maria Joseph and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Kenya: 'Dark Valentine' to end femicides 

On 14 February, Valentine's Day was marked as a 'Dark Valentine' in Kenya. Hundreds of people gathered in black outfits with candles and red roses to spend their Valentine's Day demanding action from the government to prevent gender-based violence and femicide. Seven vigil gatherings were held across Kenya to honour more than 30 women who have been killed in 2024. This was organised by the End Femicide Kenya Movement, a collective of more than 1,000 organisations and individuals. (“In Kenya, women hold ‘Dark Valentine’ vigils to press for end to femicides,” Al Jazeera, 14 February 2024) 

37th annual African Union Summit to begin on 15 February

On 14 February, Al Jazeera reported on the beginning of the 37th annual African Union Summit on 15 February at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. According to AU Commission Chairperson Moussa Faki Mahamat, regional integration and “maintaining momentum in addressing issues of peace and security” is on the agenda. However, the conflicts and humanitarian crisis in Ethiopia’s Tigray, Oromo and Amhara regions complemented the tension with Somalia over the port deal with Somaliland is perceived as ironic. In January, Mahamat addressed a presummit session of the AU’s Permanent Representative’s Committee. He stressed the importance of continent-wide solidarity citing conflicts in Sudan and Chad. However, Ethiopia was not mentioned. (“Addis summit raises questions about AU’s muted stance on Ethiopia rifts,” Al Jazeera, 14 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Nigeria: Economic recession and increasing cost of living

On 13 February, BBC reported on the economic recession and increased cost of living in Nigeria. The cost of rice has increased 70 per cent from that of 2023 and people are forced to rely on the Afafata rice. Afafata rice is normally discarded as not saleable at the end of the sorting and is sold to farmers to feed the fish. Besides, the cancellation of fuel subsidies and devaluation of the Naira has worsened inflation. Protests broke out across the country demanding to reduce the cost of goods. (“Nigeria cost of living: People turn to 'throw-away' rice for food,” BBC, 13 February 2024) 

Senegal: New internet restrictions

On 13 February, the Ministry of Communication issued new internet restrictions to prevent the spread of hateful messages against the government. The decision came following the violent protest against President Macky Sall who announced the delayed elections on 3 February. Sall cited a dispute in the eligibility of the candidates for the election postponement. The election was scheduled for 25 February and is currently postponed to December 2024. (“Senegal restricts internet access,” BBC, 13 February 2024)

South Africa: Deploys troops to assist DRC

On 13 February, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa ordered the deployment of 2,900 soldiers as part of the Southern African mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo (SAMIDRC) to assist conflict-torn DRC. The deployment accounts for ZAR two billion and is said to last until December. SAMIDRC was initiated in May 2023 after DRC left the East African bloc citing its ineffectiveness. In addition to South Africa, Malawi and Tanzania are extending their support. ("South Africa to deploy 2,900 soldiers to DR Congo," BBC, 13 February 2024)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Clashes between police and the protesters

On 13 February, BBC reported on the police using tear gas to disperse anti-West protesters in the capital Kinshasa. Pepin Mbindu, one of the protesters stated: "The Westerners are behind the looting of our country. Rwanda doesn't work alone, so they must leave our country." They burned the flags of the US and Belgium. The US asked the protesters to keep "a low profile" and the UK cautioned that the protest is "likely to continue throughout the week" and asserted on the risk of foreigners being "indiscriminately targeted." The fear persists as the M23 rebel group advances towards Goma in the eastern DRC; however, the group has denied the intention of attacking Goma. According to the UN, the intensifying conflict in the region has displaced more than seven million people. Meanwhile, the government of Congo has assured of controlling the status quo. ("DR Congo protests: Police fire tear gas to disperse anti-Western demonstrations in Kinshasa,” BBC, 13 February 2024)

South Africa: Requests ICJ to reconsider emergency measures

On 13 February, Al Jazeera reported that South Africa has urged the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to consider additional emergency measures to protect Palestinians in Gaza, particularly in Rafah, where Israel plans to expand its offensive. They argued that Israel's actions violated the ICJ's previous ruling and the Genocide Convention. With thousands already killed and displaced, South Africa seeks stronger measures to prevent further harm. ("South Africa urges ICJ to consider action on Israel’s planned Rafah assault," Al Jazeera, 13 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: EHRC claims 45 killed by security forces

On 13 February, the state-affiliated Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) alleged that the Ethiopian government's security forces killed 45 civilians in a massacre in January. The commission confirmed “the identity of at least 45 civilians who were extrajudicially killed by government security forces for allegedly ‘supporting [ethnic Amhara armed group] Fano’.” The US raised concerns over the “targeted civilian killings” in Merawi, Amhara. According to the EHRC, the clashes in the Amhara region were plagued by extrajudicial and mass killings, mainly carried out by security forces. The clashes between the Fano militia and the Tigrayan militia shredded when Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed decided to merge the paramilitary forces. The violence in Amhara has become a major crisis since the peace agreement signed in Tigray in 2022. ("Ethiopian forces killed ‘at least 45 citizens’ in Amhara, rights body says," Al Jazeera, 13 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Democratic Republic of Congo: Clashed between the police and the protesters

On 12 February, BBC reported on the clashes between the police and the protestors in the capital Kinshasa. The police fired tear gas at the protestors gathered near foreign embassies in Kinshasa. The crowd was involved in burning the tyres and the national flags of the US and Belgium, accusing the Western countries of backing Rwanda. The development came after the M23, a Tutsi-led rebel group allegedly supported by Rwanda, started advancing towards the capital of the North Kivu state, Goma. (“DR Congo protests: Police fire tear gas to disperse anti-Western demonstrations in Kinshasa,” BBC, 12 February 2024) 

Tunisia: Migrant boat missing in the Mediterranean

On 12 February, BBC reported that Tunisian migrants went missing while attempting to reach Italy from the city of Bizerte in Tunisia. Tunisia’s National Guard stated that at least 17 Tunisian migrants went missing. Coastguards and Navy-backed helicopters are continuing the rescue operation. (“Tunisians missing at sea after attempting to reach Italy,” BBC, 12 February 2024) 

Senegal: Delayed election out of “moral obligation,” says Sall’s spokesperson

On 12 February, the Ministry of Business and Trade spokesperson, Abdou Karim Fofana, stated that the election delay is a necessary move and a "moral obligation to stay and solve this problem" because according to the constitution, President Macky Sall is the guarantor of the functioning of the institutions. Three people have died in violent riots after Sall announced the delayed elections. (“Senegal leader delayed election out of 'moral obligation' - spokesman,” BBC, 12 February 2024) 

Morocco: Demonstrators demand to end ties with Israel

On 12 February, BBC reported that thousands of Moroccans protested in the capital Rabat against the country's ties with Israel, angered over the war in Gaza. The protesters waved signs condemning the violence and called for an end to the Israel-Morocco relations. In 2020, the US brokered into establishing diplomatic ties between Morocco and Israel in exchange for the US recognition of Moroccan claims in Western Sahara. ("Thousands protest in Morocco against ties with Israel," BBC, 12 February 2024) 

Liberia: Appointment of the first female defence minister

On 12 February, Liberian President Joseph Boakai gave retired Brigadier General Geraldine George the position of acting Minister of Defence. Geraldine George is the first female defence minister in the country. She enrolled in the army in 2006 and then joined the elite forces. She served six years as deputy chief of staff. The development came after the protest carried out by soldiers' wives demanding the resignation of the former Minister of Defence Prince Charles Johnson III for low wages in the military barracks. ("First woman appointed as Liberia's defence minister," BBC, 12 February 2024) 

Senegal: ECOWAS chair meets President Sall

On 12 February, ECOWAS chair and Nigerian President Bola Tinubu met Senegal’s President Macky Sall at the Senegalese capital Dakar in the wake of the postponement of the Presidential election. The development came after the bloc held emergency-level talks the previous week, discussing the political crisis in Senegal and the withdrawal of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso from the bloc. ("ECOWAS chair Tinubu to meet Senegal’s Sall over postponed elections," Al Jazeera, 12 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 advances in Goma

On 10 February, BBC reported on the M23 advancing towards Goma, the capital of the North Kivu state. The logistics and supplies have ceased, making people suffer without necessities. Nearly seven million people are forced to leave their homes. The M23 insurgency, led by the Tutsi community, began in 2012 to protect their community in the eastern DRC. The group is accused of being backed by the Rwandan government. Recently, re-elected Congolese President Félix Tshisekedi stated that “Congolese need to learn to trust us, Goma will never fall.” Goma stands as an important economic hub. Congolese Minister of Communications, Patrick Muyaya, told the BBC: “We all know that the reason for this war is economic. Rwanda is continuing... for the past 25 years… looting our mineral resources.” (“DR Congo violence: Panic in Goma as M23 rebels advance,” BBC, 10 February 2024) 

Senegal: A student died in protest

On 10 February, the Ministry of Interior and Public Security stated that a student was killed in the city of Saint-Louis during the protests. The country has been clenched with clashes between the security forces and protesters over election postponement. The postponement came less than three weeks before the elections scheduled for 25 February. ("Student killed in Senegal protests over election delay, Al Jazeera, 10 February 2024) 

Somalia: Al Shabab holds accountable for the UAE military base attack

On 10 February, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) announced that Al Shabab, an Al Qaeda-backed armed group, is accountable for the attack on its military base in Somalia. Al Shabab stated that the attack was to showcase that the UAE is an "enemy" of the Islamic law for backing Somalia. The attack on 10 February killed five people including four Emirati troops and a Bahraini military officer. ("Al-Shabab claims attack on UAE military in Somalia," Al Jazeera, 10 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Sudan: Conflict-led displacement on the rise

On 9 February, humanitarian agencies cautioned that the continuing conflict in the Abyei region,  a border area shared between Sudan and South Sudan, for two weeks has left thousands displaced. The clashes are between two rival factions, the Twic and Ngok, of the Dinka ethnic group belonging to the Wrrap state. According to BBC, nearly 100 people including UN peacekeepers have lost their lives in the violence. Troika, a coalition of the UK, the US and Norway forces, insisted on the South Sudanese government to hold responsibility for the attacks. Nearly 2,200 people, mostly women and Children, are residing in one of the UN camps, located in Rumajak, which is seven kilometres north of Abyei. ("Thousands forced out by fighting in disputed Abyei region," BBC, 10 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: Oxfam warns of the hunger plight

On 9 February, Oxfam cautioned that one in three Ethiopians are undergoing hunger. Previously, the federal government had reported that nearly 400 people had lost their lives due to hunger, which was denied by Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed. Conflicts and drought are the central factors for the ongoing Famine situation in Ethiopia’s Tigray, Amhara and Oromia regions. Oxfam warned that the country would have faced the worst if no aid was provided. The pause in aid from the World Food Programme (WFP) and the US Aid Last Spring, due to looting allegations, worsened the situation. ("Almost 10 million Ethiopians face extreme hunger - Oxfam," BBC, 10 February 2024) 

Malawi: Tourism efforts with new visa regulations

On 9 February, BBC reported that Malawi has lifted visa requirements for visitors from 79 countries to encourage tourism and trade in the country. On 7 February, Minister of Homeland Security, Ken Zikhałe, announced the immigration rules to remove visa requirements for people from the UK, China, Russia, Germany, Australia, Canada, Belgium, Ghana, The Gambia, Sierra Leone, France, and several other countries. Nationals of the Southern African Development Community (SADC) and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) are similarly exempted from visa requirements. This excludes countries that demand Malawian citizens to have visas. This change also excludes diplomats and government officials with multiple entry visas with Malawi. According to the new visa regulations, multiple entry visas in Malawi are valid for up to 12 months. The British embassy in Malawi urged its people to use this opportunity to visit popular tourist attractions in the southern African country. Malawi joins Kenya and Rwanda in welcoming African visitors. (“Malawi lifts visa restrictions for 79 countries,” BBC, 9 February, 2024)

South Africa: Israel denies the allegations of  South African minister

On 9 February, Israel responded to the statement by the South African Minister. The relationship between Israel and South Africa has been tense after the latter filed a case against the former for the genocidal acts in Gaza at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). South Africa's Minister of Foreign Affairs, Naledi Pandor, stated that she was targeted by Israel and sought police protection as she kept receiving threatening messages. Israel's Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded: "These are baseless and false accusations, yet another blood libel by the South African foreign minister, who serves as the legal arm of the Hamas terrorist organisation.” (“Israel denies threatening South African minister,” BBC, 9 February 2024) 

Uganda: Rescue of its citizens from Myanmar

On 9 February, BBC reported that the Ugandan government is working with Myanmar's government to rescue migrants. Among the migrants, 30 are Ugandan citizens. Meanwhile, the opposition party claims that more than 450 Ugandans reside in Myanmar. The Africans went to other countries including Malaysia and Thailand, in search of employment, were scammed to Myanmar and are under the control of rebels. Uganda's Minister of Foreign Affairs, John Mulimba, stated that the government has appealed to the UN's International Organization for Migration (IOM) for rescue operations. (“Uganda seeks help to free kidnapped citizens in Myanmar,” BBC, 9 February 2024)

Senegal: Tear gas fired to disintegrate gatherings

On 9 February, BBC reported the situation in Senegal as people protested against the postponement of elections by Mack Sall’s government. The opposition politicians accused President Macky Sall of being an autocrat. After Sall announced the postponement of the elections, protests and riots erupted in the capital Dakar and other cities. Police fired tear gas and lobbed stun grenades at the protesters. Sall claims that a dispute in the eligibility of candidates is behind the delay. (“Senegal police tear-gas gathering protesters, Macky Sall 'like a 90-year-old autocrat' - former PM,” BBC, 9 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Sudan: Migrants drowned near Tunisia coast

On 8 February, BBC reported on a boat accident that led to the deaths of 13 Sudanese migrants near Tunisia's coast. The migrants were trying to cross the Mediterranean to Europe. A Tunisian official reported that 27 others are missing. The Sudanese migrants are said to have fled the civil war in the country between the RSF and SAF. According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), nearly 2270 migrants from Africa and the Middle East have lost their lives trying to cross the Mediterranean in 2023. (“Europe migrant crisis: Boat sinks off Tunisia with more than 40 Sudanese on board,” BBC, 8 February, 2024) 

Ghana: Electricity tax hike on hold

On 8 February, BBC reported on the suspension of the electricity tax imposed by the government. A new 15 per cent tax on power was proposed for domestic consumers to boost the country’s revenue after pressure from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The decision faced countrywide criticism over the increasing cost of living. The government has put the plan on hold over the public protest. (“Ghana electricity: New power tax put on hold after public outcry,” BBC, 8 February 2024) 

South Africa: Ramaphosa reaffirms support for ceasefire in Gaza

On 8 February, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa assured the country's support for a ceasefire in Gaza while addressing the lawmakers at the Cape Town city hall. He stated: “Guided by the fundamental principle of human rights and freedom,” the country has taken the side of Palestinians, “to prevent further deaths and destruction in Gaza.” The development came after the International Court of Justice (ICJ) ordered Israel to prevent any act of genocide in Gaza following a case filed by South Africa. Ramphosa welcomed the court ruling stating: “We condemn the killing of civilians on all sides and call on all parties involved in the conflict to commit to a peace process that will deliver a two-state solution.” (“S Africa’s Ramaphosa renews call for Gaza ceasefire, Palestinian state,” Al Jazeera, 8 February 2024)

Senegal: ECOWAS holds emergency meeting

On 8 February, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) held an emergency meeting on the political crisis in Senegal and the withdrawal of Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso from the bloc. In Senegal, President Macky Sall's sudden announcement of the delay in elections sparked violent protests and accusations of manipulating the system. Senegal's decision to postpone elections has raised concerns about the future of democracy in West Africa. Besides, the coups in Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso along with strained relations with the bloc have threatened the stability of the region. Meanwhile, representatives from all four countries were absent during the meeting. (“ECOWAS holds emergency session over Senegal crisis and member exits,” Al Jazeera, 8 February 2024)

Mali: Economic tensions spike after quitting ECOWAS

On 8 February, Al Jazeera reported that Mali's recent withdrawal from ECOWAS has sparked concerns about the country's future and the economic stability of the region. The move came after ECOWAS imposed sanctions on Mali following two coups within a year. While some Malians support the government's decision, citing the sanctions' negative impact on their lives and ECOWAS's perceived lack of support in their fight against insecurity, others worry about the economic consequences of leaving the bloc and the potential for further isolation. The situation is complicated by the ongoing insurgency in Mali and the government's controversial partnership with Russia. While some hope for a negotiated solution, the future remains uncertain. (“Economic hardship, insecurity spike in Mali as ECOWAS exit looms,” Al Jazeera, 8 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Zimbabwe: Cabinet supports death penalty abolition

On 7 February, Zimbabwe’s cabinet expressed its support for the proposed legislation on the abolition of the death penalty, a dire decision to abolish such punishment in the Southern African country. Information Minister, Jenfan Muswere, informed that the decision was taken after consulting the public. (“Zimbabwe's cabinet backs abolition of death penalty,” BBC, 7 February 2024)

Senegal: Three opposition lawmakers arrested

On 7 February, three Members of Parliament (MPs) were arrested after protesting against the parliament’s decision to postpone the elections to December. The announcement has stimulated global concern and protests across the country. The African regional bloc, ECOWAS, insisted on finalising the electoral calendar to avoid tensions. Further, the US Department of State stated that this was "contrary to Senegal’s strong democratic tradition." (“Senegal opposition MPs arrested in poll row crackdown,” BBC, 7 February 2024)

Uganda: Julia Sebutinde elected as the new ICJ vice-president 

On 7 February, Judge Julia Sebutinde, a Ugandan jurist serving the International Court of Justice (ICJ), was elected as the new vice president. She sparked controversy by dissenting the emergency measures requested by South Africa against the Israel-Gaza war. She was one of two jurists who voted against the ICJ ruling among the total 17-member panel. (“Uganda's Judge Sebutinde takes over as ICJ vice-president,” BBC, 7 February 2024)

The Democratic Republic of Congo: Increasing displacement after M23 advance 

On 7 February, Al Jazeera reported that the Tutsi-led M23 rebel group, allegedly backed by the Rwandan government, has intensified fighting in the eastern DRC, displacing 42,000 people from the town of Mweso. The conflict has reached near Goma, the capital of North Kivu state. It raises concerns about further displacement and violence. The DRC government assured that it would not let Goma be captured by the rebels. Meanwhile, on 7 February, the rebel group stated its actions as “defensive manoeuvres.” Meanwhile, the Medecins Sans Frontieres (MSF) reported on treating 30 wounded people and evacuating several of its staff after bullets hit a hospital sheltering residents. The situation remains tense with international accusations and diplomatic tensions simmering. (“Thousands flee in eastern DR Congo as M23 rebels advance near Goma,” Al Jazeera, 7 February 2024)

Madagascar: Calls to abolish castration law

On 7 February, BBC reported on the calls for immediate action to abolish castration law laid forward by Amnesty International. The castration law was enforced in January by President Andry Rajoelina. It will impose rape criminals with chemical and surgical castration. The Human Rights group, Amnesty International, called for cancelling the law describing it as "cruel, inhuman and degrading.” Tigere Chagutah, Amnesty's regional director for east and southern Africa, stated: "Implementing chemical and surgical castration, which constitutes cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment, as a punishment for those found guilty of raping minors will not solve this and is inconsistent with Malagasy constitutional provisions against torture and other ill-treatment, as well as regional and international human rights standard.” (“Scrap castration proposal - Amnesty urges Madagascar,” BBC, 7 February)

Sudan: Internet blackout as war continues

On 7 February, BBC reported on the situation of the civil war in Sudan. The 10-month civil war between the RSF and the SAF has killed thousands and displaced millions. NetBlocks, a watchdog that monitors internet freedom, informed that there had been a new collapse of internet connectivity in Sudan. The two major internet providers, Uganda Telecom and MTN, faced disturbance in the services. The RSF is blamed by state-aligned media. Meanwhile, in the Sudan Tribune, the RSF accused the SAF of service blackouts. Currently, Darfur, Kordofan, Khartoum and Gezira states are under the control of the RSF. (“Sudan hit by internet blackout as civil war continues,” BBC, 7 February 2024) 

Sudan: UN appeals for humanitarian fund

On 7 February BBC reported on the UN’s appeal for humanitarian fund allocation for Sudan. It has appealed for USD four billion to meet the needs of displaced residing in Sudan and neighbouring countries as war intensifies. More than half of the population, which is nearly 18 million people, need aid as they face acute food shortages. (“Human suffering of epic proportions in Sudan - UN,” BBC, 7 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: Abiy Ahmed denies hunger deaths

On 7 February, Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed denied the allegations of deaths due to hunger in the country. He stated: “There are no people dying due to hunger in Ethiopia.” However, he accepted that “people may have died” due to illnesses associated with malnutrition. He conceded the country's food insecurities and drought that are affecting many conflict-hit regions including Tigray, Oromo and Amhara, however, warned not to politicise the issue. The previous month, the state-appointed Federal Ombudsman Institute reported that nearly 400 people died in Tigray and Amhara regions due to hunger. (“Nobody is dying of hunger in Ethiopia - PM,” BBC, 7 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Senegal: Protests against postponed elections

On 6 February, BBC reported on Senegal’s political crisis following the postponement of elections. A contentious bill was passed, delaying the presidential elections to December 2024. The city raged with demonstrations and protests clashed with the riot police. The opposition party alleged that they were forced out of the parliament. Khalifa Sall, a leading opponent and a former mayor of Dakar, called the move a “constitutional coup” and urged people to protest against the delay of elections. Former Prime Minister Aminata Touré condemned the bill. Meanwhile, the AU, ECOWAS, the US and the UK called on the authorities to hold the elections immediately. (“Senegal on the brink after elections postponed,” BBC, 06 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: President assures no ill intentions on Somalia

On 6 February, Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed commented that Ethiopia "does not wish any harm" for Somalia. This comes on the sidelines of Ethiopia-Somalia tensions over a port deal signed between Ethiopia and Somaliland. Somalia sees the deal, which grants Ethiopia access to the sea, as an act of aggression and a violation of its sovereignty. Somalia has called its youth to prepare for defence and Ethiopia has blamed unnamed forces for inciting conflict. (“Ethiopia's PM Abiy Ahmed says his country does not wish harm on Somalia,” BBC, 6 February 2024)

Somalia: Ten people killed in blast series

On 6 February, Al Jazeera reported that at least ten people were killed and 20 were injured in the capital Mogadishu, following a series of blasts. The incident occurred near the Bakara market near the city. Although the cause behind the blasts is unclear, al-Qaeda linked al Shabab group carry out frequent attacks in the region. The authorities have announced an investigation into the attack. (“Ten dead, 20 others injured in multiple blasts in market in Somali capital,” Al Jazeera, 6 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Vetriselvi Baskaran and Narmatha S

Senegal: Protests amidst postponement of elections

On 5 February, the Senegalese parliament passed a new bill postponing the elections to December 2024. The bill received a majority with 105 Members of Parliament (MPs) voting in favour out of 165 seats. The development comes after on 4 February Senegal’s President Macky Sall announced the postponement of elections scheduled for February citing disputes regarding the eligibility of the candidates. Violent protests were carried out by several opposition parties across the capital Dakar. The riot police clashed with the protesters who burned tyres and blocked roads. The opposition called the move a “constitutional coup.” (“Senegal on the brink after elections postponed,” BBC, 5 February 2024)

South Africa: African leaders discuss bolstering mining industry

On 5 February, BBC reported that leaders, experts and investors from several African countries gathered for the annual conference to bolster the mining sector in Africa. It is a four-day event, hosted by South Africa. Discussions on critical minerals including lithium, nickel, cobalt, manganese and graphite which are the main components for renewable energy generation were predominantly focused. South African President, Cyril Ramaphosa, mentioned Africa's potential in global energy transition, having mining as great support to it. He stated: “South Africa is pursuing a just energy transition – one that is at a pace and scale that our country can afford, and in a manner that ensures energy security and creates new opportunities for those affected.” ("African nations seek to boost mining industry," BBC, 5 February 2024)

Nigeria: Debate on lowest cost of living

On 5 February, the Nigerian President, Bola Tinubu’s office claimed that the country has the lowest cost of living in Africa. The Special Adviser to the President, Bayo Onanuga, stated that Tinubu’s administration focuses on “solving our economic and security challenges,” adding that his reforms would cause “immediate pains, but will usher in an era of prosperity in the medium and long terms.” The comments faced criticism with opposition leader Atiku Abubakar stating: “The intense cost of living pressures have created more misery for the poor in towns and villages. There is hunger in the land, as basic commodities, including bread, are becoming out of reach for average Nigerians. His 2024 budget is a business-as-usual exercise, bereft of concrete ideas and actions that would support Nigeria’s journey toward economic transformation – consisting mainly of wasteful expenditures to cater to a bloated federal government.” ("Nigeria has Africa's lowest cost of living - presidency," BBC, 5 February 2024)

Sudan: 38 people killed in Abyei region 

On 5 February, BBC reported that the recent attack in the Abyei region, a disputed territory between Sudan and South Sudan, took 38 lives and 18 were abducted. According to Abyei's regional administration, the majority of the victims were women and children. Additionally, the attackers raided almost 1000 cattle. The authorities accused two armed groups from the Warrap state, Twic and Ngok of carrying out “coordinated attacks” in four villages. The previous week, the same groups looted the region and killed 53 people. Minister of Information, Culture, Youth and Sport in the Abyei Special Administration, Bulis Koch Aguar, condemned the frequent attacks. (“Weekend clashes in Abyei region leave dozens dead,” BBC, 5 February 2024)

Sudan: 12 children die of hunger in a day as war rages

On 5 February, BBC reported on the live conditions of the humanitarian crisis in war-raged Sudan. More than 11 million people have been displaced from their homes, making it the world's largest humanitarian displacement. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Darfur has warned about the devastating situation in the refugee camps. According to the agency, every two hours one child dies out of hunger at the Zamzam camp near the city of Fasher. The MSF has called for an increase in international humanitarian aid. The war that erupted in April 2023 has killed more than 12,000 people. The MSF stated that it has been able to deliver vital aid to ten per cent of those in need. (“Twelve children die of hunger each day in Sudan camp - MSF,” BBC, 5 February 2024) 

Ethiopia: UK warns of devastating food crisis

On 5 February, BBC reported on the devastating food crisis in Ethiopia following the conflict and drought. The Tigray region is currently engulfed by drought; more than 350 have lost their lives to hunger. The UK Minister of Africa, Andrew Mitchell, told BBC that there is a risk of famine “if we don't now take action." He promised that Britain would donate EUR 100 million in assistance. According to the Ethiopian government, nearly 16 million people across the country are facing food shortages. (“Ethiopia: UK warns of food crisis triggered by war and drought,” BBC, 5 February 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Liberia: US ambassador applauds country’s democracy

On 1 February, the US Ambassador to the UN, Linda Thomas-Greenfired describes Liberia as an example of democracy in Africa. Following her recent visit to the continent, she stated that Liberia “is truly an example for not just West Africa, but the entire continent of Africa. We really should commend Liberians for that success.” President Joseph Boakai was sworn in as President in January. Greenfield stated: “Liberia has been very supportive and worked closely with us here at the UN, and we’re committed to helping President Boakai succeed.” (“US ambassador applauds Liberia for setting an example,” BBC, 1 February 2024)

Mali: UN rights chief raises concern over the death of 50 people

On 1 February, the UN Human Rights chief, Volker Turk, stated that he was “appalled” by the execution of 25 people by the Malian army and foreign military personnel on 26 January. He stated: “I am appalled by credible allegations that Malian armed forces accompanied by foreign military personnel summarily executed at least 25 people in Welingara village, in the central Nara region on 26 January.” He also raised concern about the report of the death of 30 civilians in an attack by armed men. (“UN rights chief decries death of 50 people in Mali attacks,” Al Jazeera, 1 February 2024)

Sudan: International community responsible for the war, comments former Prime Minister

On 1 February, Sudan's Former Prime Minister, Abdalla Hamdok, told BBC that the international community failed to bring peace and stability in Sudan after the three-decades rule of Omar al-Bashir who was ousted in 2019. He added that the crisis in Sudan is being neglected by the international community. Hamdok met the RSF leader Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo in January and planning to meet Sudan's military leader, General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan to mediate peace. Abdalla Hamdok served as Prime Minister following the ousting of Bashir. (“Sudan's ex-PM partly blames war on diplomatic neglect,” BBC, 1 February 2024) 

Ghana: LGBTQ is against his Christian faith, says former president

On 1 February, BBC reported on LGBTQ rights that have become a controversial issue in Ghana. The Parliament is considering an anti-LGBTQ bill, imposing tough penalties on the LGBTQ community. The bill forbids LGBTQ identity and imposes a jail sentence of a maximum of five years for same-sex activities. The bill also bans support for the LGBTQ community. Ghana's former president and leading opposition figure, John Dramani Mahama, told Reuters: "The faith I have will not allow me to accept a man marrying a man, and a woman marrying a woman.” (“Ghana's opposition leader condemns LGBTQ practices,” BBC, 1 February 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Starvation deaths in Tigray and Amhara

On 31 January, BBC reported on the severe food insecurity in the Tigray and Amhara regions of Ethiopia. The government had previously denied the starvation death reports issued by the local officials. According to the national ombudsman, nearly 400 people have died out of hunger and food insecurity in the Tigray and Amhara regions in recent months. Ethiopia's Ombudsman had sent experts to study the cases in the region and concluded that 351 died in Tigray and 44 in Amhara. The memo by the Tigray Food Cluster says that only 14 per cent of 3.2 million people get food aid from humanitarian agencies in Tigray this month. Following a large grain scam in Tigray in March last year, the UN and the US suspended food supply to the region. According to the UN, nearly 20.1 million people across Ethiopia need humanitarian aid due to drought, conflict and a poor economy. (“Ethiopian federal body admits starvation deaths,” BBC, 31 January 2024)

Kenya: President orders to go ahead with the Haiti mission against the court ruling

On 31 January, Kenyan President William Ruto ordered the planned deployment of police forces in Haiti aimed at fighting gang violence to go ahead “as soon as next week.” This comes after a court in Kenya ruled that the mission is “illegal” and the National Security Council under Ruto does not have the authority to deploy police force outside the country. Meanwhile, opposition leader Ekuru Aukot responded: "Appreciate the wisdom of Justice Mwita on a 'service' and a 'force'. As per law and the constitution, you can not deploy a police service outside Kenya.” (“Kenyan President Ruto says Haiti mission to go ahead soon despite court ruling,” BBC, 31 January 2024)

Somalia: The intelligence agency shuts down WhatsApp groups linked to Al Shabab

On 31 January, Somalia’s National Intelligence and Security Agency stated that it had shut down nearly 20 WhatsApp groups suspected of being managed by the Al Shabab militants. The agency added that it has disabled data services for nearly 2,500 mobile services associated with the group. As part of the country’s “total war” against Al Shabab, Somalia has been trying to disrupt the communication and financial channels of the group. However, besides multidimensional efforts, the militant group has been carrying out frequent attacks across the country. (“Somalia's intelligence agency says it blocks WhatsApp groups used by al-Qaida-linked militants,” Africanews, 31 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

Narmatha S and Anu Maria Joseph

Cameroon: Militant attack kills a civilian

On 30 January, BBC reported on a violent militant attack in the capital city of Buae in Cameroon. One civilian was reportedly killed. The Anglophone militants have been carrying out frequent attacks demanding a separate state for decades. Recently, they have been forcing the residents to carry out the so-called “ghost-town” protests to halt economic activities. (“Deadly attack on Cameroon city as militants enforce 'ghost towns’,” BBC, 30 January) 

Founding members of Ecowas left the bloc, deep regrets say AU

On 30 January, the African Union (AU) expressed its “deep regret” over the decision by Mali, Burkina Faso and NIger to leave ECOWAS on 28 January. AU's commission chairperson, Moussa Faki Mahamat called on regional leaders to mediate the dialogue between the Ecowas leadership and the three countries. The main accusations laid by Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso are that it is being influenced by foreign powers and does not work for the welfare of their country. (“Mali, Burkina and Niger Ecowas exit of 'deep regret' to AU ,” BBC, 30 January  2024) 

Niger: 22 people killed in suspected jihadist attack

On 30 January, BBC Africa reported that at least 22 people were killed in a suspected jihadist attack in Motagatta village bordering Nigeria. BBC quoted an unidentified official who told AFP news agency that attackers came in motorbikes and began shooting people. Although the military government mentioned opacity on the origin of the attack, jihadist insurgency in Niger has risen since 2015. (“More than 20 killed in Niger attack - reports,” BBC, 30 January 2024)

Sudan: Warring factions committing war crimes in Darfur, says ICC

On 30 January, the prosecutor of the International Criminal Court (ICC), Karim Khan, stated that there are “grounds” to prove that the warring military factions in Sudan are committing war crimes in the Darfur region. Khan told the UNSC that his office is gathering "a very significant body of material, information and evidence" regarding the war crimes committed by the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces in the Darfur region. He added that the humanitarian situation in the region is deteriorating daily and urged the authorities to cooperate with the ICC investigations. (“'Sudan's battling forces likely committing war crimes',” BBC, 30 January 2024)

Somalia: Indian Navy rescues 19 Pakistani nationals from pirates

On 30 January, BBC Africa reported on the Indian Navy rescuing 19 Pakistani nationals after Somali pirates hijacked their fishing vessel off the coast of Somalia. The Indian Navy stated that 11 pirates seized the vessel and kept the crew hostage. It added that India's INS Sumitra navy patrol ship intercepted the hijacking and "compelled the safe release of the crew and the vessel.” In January, the Indian Navy rescued 17 people after Somali pirates hijacked another Iranian-flagged ship in the Gulf of Aden. The increasing number of pirate attacks has raised concern regarding the resurfacing of pirate campaigns in the region. (“Indian navy rescues 19 Pakistanis from Somali pirates,” BBC, 30 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Italy-African summit in Rome

On 29 January, BBC reported that the leaders from several African countries arrived in Rome ahead of a two-day Italy-Africa summit. Italian Prime Minister, Giorgia Meloni, emphasised the country’s “new approach” in Africa which is “not predatory, not paternalistic, but not charitable either.” The summit focuses on energy, economy, infrastructural development, culture, food security and education sectors. The summit also aims to boost investments in Africa and reduce the influx of migrants. (“African presidents arrive in Rome for Italy summit," BBC, 29 January 2024) 

Sudan: SAF's Iranian drone shot down

On 29 January, BBC reported on increasing strikes between the Rapid Support Forces  (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF). The RSF claimed to have shot down SAF's Iranian-made drone. The aircraft was identified as an Iranian Mohajer-6, the third such drone recently neutralised by the RSF. The RSF official stated that although it managed to identify and destroy the drone, it continues to face threats and challenges that have claimed hundreds of lives. It added that the SAF is an extremist and carries out attacks against international and humanitarian laws. (“Sudan's RSF says it downed Iranian-made drone," BBC, 29 January, 2024) 

Mali, Niger, Burkina Faso terminates from ECOWAS

On 29 January, BBC reported that the founding members of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso, announced their departure from the bloc with several alleged accusations. The military government stated that the withdrawal was a “sovereign” decision. All three countries jointly stated that the bloc is"under the influence of foreign powers, betraying its founding principles, has become a threat to member states and peoples” and has failed to counter jihadist insurgency in the region. Sierra Leone's Foreign Minister and mediator between junta states and ECOWS, Timothy Musa Kabba, denied the accusations describing them as "unfortunate." He added that ECOWAS intended to "find a solution to the impasse" and ensure peace, security and stability in the region. (“Ecowas: Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso quit West African bloc," BBC, 29 January 2024; “Ecowas not under influence of foreign powers - mediator," BBC, 29 January 2024) 

Sudan: Fight between armed groups in Abyei region  

On 29 January, BBC reported on the two armed groups carrying out raids in the disputed Abyei region between Sudan and South Sudan. The Ngok and Twic ethnic armed groups from South Sudan’s Warrap state have been fighting since 27 January over land. South Sudan and Sudan claim ownership over the Abyei region and the conflict over the claims has remained unresolved since 2011. Abyei Special Administrative Area authorities mentioned that at least 42 people, mostly women and children, were killed in the attack, adding that the Twics had been carrying out a series of "barbaric coordinated attacks." On 29 January, the UNIFSA stated: "Currently, according to local authorities, 52 civilians have lost their lives, while 64 others are said to be gravely wounded." (“More than 50 killed along Sudan-South Sudan border,” BBC, 30 January 2024)

South Africa: Jacob Zuma suspended from ANC

On 29 January, the ruling African National Congress (ANC) announced its decision to suspend former President Jacob Zuma, over forming a new party. The ANC stated that it has been tolerating Zuma for a long time citing that he refused to vote for the party. ANC Secretary-General, Fikile Mbalula stated: "Zuma and others whose conduct is in conflict with our values and principles, will find themselves outside the African National Congress." Zuma was sentenced to jail in 2021 under the charges of corruption and state capture during his presidency. However, he denied all accusations. In December, Zuma formed a new party, uMkhonto we Sizwe (MK), meaning "spear of the nation" against ANC. (“South Africa: ANC suspends ex-President Jacob Zuma after rival party launch,” BBC, 30 January 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Uganda: Government to set up oil refinery

On 24 January, BBC reported that the Ugandan government is in negotiation with a Dubai-origin company to set up a USD four billion oil refinery. Uganda has set a bid with the United Arab Emirates's Alpha MBM. The company would help Uganda to develop its commercial crude oil for trade. Both parties are expected to reach a deal within three months and begin the project soon. By 2025, it is expected to start extraction commercially. Several safety precautions and environment-friendly regulations will be set up to reduce emissions and minimise environmental harm. Uganda is in the early stages of developing another oil project, a 1,443 km pipeline, to transport crude oil for export from Western Uganda to Tanzania's Tanga port. (“Uganda in talks with UAE firm for $4bn oil refinery,” BBC, 24 January 2024)

Ethiopia: National security advisor signals compromise on Somaliland port deal

On 24 January, BBC reported that Ethiopia's National Security chief, Redwan Hussien, expressed willingness to engage with "friends" and listen to their suggestions. This came following the increasing tension between Ethiopia and Somalia over Ethiopia’s port deal with Somaliland. Hussein stated: "Will listen to friends for a possible coordination of efforts lowering rhetoric." He added that Ethiopia "will continue striving to steadily reach at a conclusion with amicable considerations which benefit all." This followed his criticism of "opportunistic external actors," targeting Egypt's stance against the deal. The MoU grants Ethiopia port access for military and commercial use, sparking outrage in Somalia, which considers Somaliland its territory. ("Ethiopia open to dialogue over Somaliland deal - official," BBC, 24 January 2024)

Nigeria: Wish to be a "strong security partner for Nigeria,” says Antony Blinken

On 24 January, during the US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken's visit to Nigeria, President Bola Tinubu discussed the West African issues. Antony Blinken stated that the US wishes to be a "strong security partner for Nigeria" for their likewise minds in battling Islamist militants. Nigeria has recently witnessed escalating tensions where armed groups are targeting communities, especially carrying out ransom kidnappings. ("US pledges strong security partnership with Nigeria," BBC, 24 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Egypt: "Ethiopia-Somaliland's deal acceptable to no one" says Sisi

On 23 January, Al Jazeera reported that Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud condemned the implementation of a recently signed port deal between Ethiopia and Somaliland. On 22 January, while talking to Somalia's President, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, Egyptian President, Abdul Fattah al-Sisi, commented that the deal signed between Ethiopia and Somaliland is unacceptable. He added: "We are unwavering in our support for our brothers, and if they call upon us, we will not hesitate to act." Meanwhile, Ethiopia's national security affairs advisor, Redwan Hussien, highlighted that the deal is meant for cooperation and partnership and not "annexation" of any other state. On the X platform, he posted that the two countries "are not just neighbours who share a border but they are fraternal nations sharing a common language, culture and people."  ("Egypt won't allow threats to Somalia - Sisi," BBC, 23 January 2024)

Africa: Blinken's four-day visit 

On 22 January, US Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, began his four-day visit to Africa. In Cape Verde, he encouraged the country's regional function as a beacon of stability. Additionally, Blinken visited the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Angola as a part of his four-day trip. On 23 January, in Ivory Coast, he pledged USD 45 million to boost security in coastal countries and West Africa. He acclaimed Ivory Coast for a less militarized approach and maintaining stability although bordered by Sahel countries. On 24 January, during Blinken's visit to Nigeria, he stated that the US wishes to be a "strong security partner for Nigeria" for their like mind in battling Islamist militants. Nigeria has been witnessing escalated tensions where armed groups are targeting communities and conducting ransom kidnappings. (“Blinken hails Ivory Coast fight against armed groups on West Africa tour,” BBC, 23 January 2024) 

Somalia: President's warning against implementation of port deal

On 23 January, Al Jazeera reported that Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud condemned the implementation of a recently signed port deal between Ethiopia and Somaliland. He warned that Ethiopia had crossed Somalia's territory. In addition, he claimed that Somaliland is a part of Somalia and accused Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed of not letting him know about the deal when they met in December. ("‘Don’t do it’: Somali president warns Ethiopia over Somaliland port deal," Al Jazeera, 23 January 2024) 

Senegal: Despite the ban, timber Trafficking continues 

On 23 January, Al Jazeera reported that despite the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) ban and international pressure, the illegal trade of endangered rosewood from Senegal to China continues. Al Jazeera's recent report exposed a network of traffickers operating with brazen defiance. In Gambia, a neighbouring country often used as a transit point for illicit timber, traffickers openly revealed their ongoing operations. However, the Gambian government feigns ignorance, claiming unawareness of such a stockpile. Furthermore, the report claims that the illegal rosewood trade fuels a long-standing conflict between the Senegalese government and the Movement of Democratic Forces of Casamance (MFDC) rebels. ("‘Conflict timber’: Gambian traffickers continue rosewood trade despite ban," Al Jazeera, 23 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Eritrea: Maltreatment of migrants in Ethiopia

On 22 January, BBC reported on the ill-treatment of Eritrean migrants in Ethiopian detention centres. Nearly 100 people are in detention centres for more than two months where they are poorly treated in harsh conditions. The political unrest in Sudan led to violent attacks on civilians forcing nearly seven million people out of the country. Thousands of Eritreans who were affected are migrating to the neighbouring countries of Ethiopia, Kenya and Uganda. (“Eritrean migrants talk of harsh detention in Ethiopia”, BBC, 22 January 2024.) 

Sudan: EU imposes sanctions on various companies

On 22 January, BBC reported on the sanctions imposed on companies by the EU in Sudan. Since the war broke out in April, war crimes committed by both the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) have killed more than 10,000 people. Six firms, associated with helping Sudan in arms support, have been sanctioned. Among these companies, two firms have been supporting the SAF with weapons, finance and logistics. Three firms have been supporting the RSF in acquiring weapons and ammunition. The EU stated that it is deeply concerned about civilians and the humanitarian situation. (“EU sanctions companies dealing with Sudan”, BBC, 22 January 2024.) 

Africa: Blinken's four-day visit

On 22 January, BBC reported that the US Secretary of State Anthony Blinken, has begun his four-day trip in Cape Verde. He encouraged the country’s functioning in the region and called it a beacon of stability. Blinken would visit the Ivory Coast, Nigeria and Angola as a part of his four-day trip. US President Joe Biden promised to visit Africa by 2023 in a US-African summit in 2022. However, due to current violence in the Middle East, the focus has changed to resolve peace. Quoting President Biden, Blinken stated: “We are all in when it comes to Africa. Our futures are linked, our prosperity is linked, and African voices increasingly are shaping, animating and leading the global conversation.” (“US still committed to Africa - Blinken”, BBC, 22 January 2024) 

Somalia: Missed seals could not resurface, says US Navy

On 22 January, BBC reported that the US Navy had ended its ten-day search and rescue operation to locate the two Seal Navy missing off the Somalia coast. The US central command stated: "We regret to announce that after a 10-day exhaustive search, our two missing US Navy Seals have not been located and their status has been changed to the deceased." The search and rescue operation was aided by Spanish and Japanese forces, providing ships and aircraft in the Gulf of Aden. On 11 January, the two seals went to capture a dhow which was carrying weapons. In return, the seal-carrying dhow was said to have fallen into the waters. ("Navy Seals missing off Somalia's coast are dead - US navy," BBC, 22 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Nigeria: “Education to tackle deadly attacks,” says President

On 18 January, Africanews reported that Nigeria's President Bola Tinubu has promised a "massive education" of youth as a way to overcome the increasing attacks and kidnappings. Presidential spokesperson, Ajuri Ngelale, stated that Tinbu reprehended these consecutive attacks and highlighted that education is the anecdote to tackle the challenges. He stated: "There is no weapon against poverty that is as potent as learning." The country is grappling with violent attacks and abductions in the northwest and central regions and Jihadist insurgency in the northeast. ("Nigerian leader says 'massive education' of youth will help end kidnappings threatening the capital," Africanews, 18 January 2024) 

Comoros: Azali Assoumani's another five-year tenure as President

On 16 January, the Comoros Independent National Electoral Commission announced that President Azali Assoumani had been re-elected for another five-year term. He won the elections by securing 62.97 per cent of the vote. Following the announcement, several clashes were reported in the capital Moroni. Besides, elections were marked by allegations of fraud and irregularities by the opposition. Meanwhile, the Electoral Commission highlighted this election's voter turnout at 16.3 per cent. ("Comoros' Assoumani reelected president with 62.7% of votes," Africanews, 18 January 2024) 

South Africa: Increasing crime rate creates fear

On 18 January, BBC reported on violent crimes and killings that are increasing in South Africa. According to the latest annual statistics, more than 27,000 people were killed in a year. The insecurities reported are due to crimes, poverty and unemployment. Cash-in-transit hijacks are common, as security vans carrying money are rammed off deliberately and the guards are attacked and killed. Wahl Bartmann, the head of security firm Fidelity Services Group, claimed that the gangs are "like a terrorist group.” He added that the gang are well organised and executed and it has been very difficult to track down and stop them. Fifteen of the company's guards were killed last year during robberies. (“Cash-in-transit heists bring terror to South Africa’s roads,” BBC, 18 January, 2024) 

Uganda: Deliberate protests ahead of NAM conference

On 18 January, BBC reported that opposition leader Bobi Wine claimed that the protest was planned deliberately at the venue of the Non-Aligned Movement conference in Kampala. Bobi Wine was under house arrest and was denied permission to perform any demonstrations against the government. Besides, the police officials claimed that they had taken several measures to prevent any protest ahead of the NAM conference. However, Bobi Wine claimed that it is his constitutional right to hold protests and gatherings. He aimed to publicise the country's issues at the international forum where more than 100 delegates from all over the world are gathered. Wine stated: "We want to send a strong message to the Non-Aligned Movement and remind them that the movement is losing its soul.” (“Protest was aimed at Non-Aligned conference - Bobi Wine,” BBC, 18 January, 2024) 

Somalia: Refuses mediation with Ethiopia, demands withdrawal of agreement with Somaliland

On 18 January, BBC reported that Tensions are brewing between Somalia and Ethiopia over a recent deal between Ethiopia and the self-declared republic of Somaliland. Somalia opposed the agreement, which grants Ethiopia potential access to Somaliland's coastline, deeming it an infringement on its territorial integrity and claiming it as “illegal.” While the African Union urges restraint and respect for Somalia's sovereignty, the latter refuses mediation unless Ethiopia withdraws from the deal. ("Somalia calls on Ethiopia to retract Somaliland deal," BBC, 18 January 2024)

Ethiopia: UN's concern on worsening drought

On 18 January, the UN raised concerns about the severe drought in Ethiopia. It urged for immediate response and funding. The UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) mentioned that the drought has affected nearly four million residents in the Amhara and Oromia, Afar and Tigray regions. It stated: "Multiple and often overlapping crises have severely weakened people’s ability to cope with climate shocks such as drought leaving millions of people vulnerable to falling even further into severe need and destitution." Tigray officials claimed that another 200 people died from starving and that the region is "on the verge of humanitarian catastrophe." ("UN appeals for urgent funding to battle drought in Ethiopia," BBC, 18 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

Somaliland: Somalia redirects Ethiopian fight headed to Somaliland

On 17 January, BBC reported that Somalia asked to return an Ethiopian flight that was carrying officials to Somaliland. Ethiopian officials were bound to reach Somaliland to discuss the controversial port deal that Somalia termed as an aggressive move threatening its sovereignty.  Somalia denied permission to use its airspace as it considers the self-declared republic of Somaliland as an integral part of the country. The Somali Civil Aviation Authority (SCAA) stated that flight ET8273 broke international law by failing to obtain clearance from the countries they passed through. The flight attempted to reach Somaliland's Hargeisa Airport. However, the regular flights are functioning as usual between Ethiopia and Somalia. (“Somalia turns back Ethiopian plane headed for Somaliland,” BBC, 17 January, 2024) 

Nigeria: Massive blast in the Oyo state

On 17 January Africanews reported that a massive blast rocked the Bodija area of Ibadan in the southwestern state of Oyo, creating a panic among the residents. At least three people were killed and 77 were injured. Destruction of infrastructure and vehicles was reported by the residents. Following the investigations, it was confirmed that the blast was caused by explosives stored for use in illegal mining operations. Illegal mining has become a common event in Nigeria as the country is rich in mineral resources. however, safety precautions are poor. (“3 killed and 77 injured in a massive blast in southern Nigeria,” BBC, 17 January, 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Sudan: Government rejects mediation efforts of IGAD

On 16 January, BBC reported that the Sudanese government rejected the peace mediation efforts led by the International Authority on Development (IGAD), an East African regional body. IGAD has been negotiating with the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) since the beginning of the conflict. Several regions of Sudan including the capital city of Khartoum, the cities of Omdurman, Bahri and Wad Madani are under the control of the RSF. The Sudanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that it suspended dealings with IGAD over inviting the RSF leader Hamdan Dagalo to hold peace talks. (“Sudan rejects mediation efforts by regional bloc,” BBC, 16 January, 2024) 

Nigeria: Eight people dead as boat turned over

On 16 January, BBC reported that eight people including five women and three men lost their lives and several others went missing after a boat capsized in a river in Nigeria's north-central state of Niger state. The passengers were residents of the village of Dugga who were travelling to the neighbouring village of Kebbi to sell grains and sugarcane. According to BBC, over 1200 people have lost their lives in boat accidents across Nigeria between 2018 and 2023. Overcrowding, lack of facilities including life jackets, ill maintenance and less number of boats for transportation are the major reasons behind this. (“At least eight die after boat capsizes in Nigeria," BBC, 16 January, 2024) 

Ethiopia: People die of starvation

On 16 January, BBC quoted the Tigray officials that more than 225 including children have lost their lives due to severe drought in the war-torn Tigray region of Ethiopia since July 2023. Almost 95 per cent of the deaths were reported in the Edga Arbi region of Tigray. According to the UN, more than 20 million people need humanitarian assistance due to conflicts and climate issues. (“About 225 die of starvation in Tigray - officials," BBC, 16 January 2024) 

Niger: Prime Minister Zeine in Moscow 

On 16 January, BBC reported that Niger's Prime Minister, Ali Mahaman Lamine Zeine, visited Russia. Minister of Defence, Salihou Mody, and ministers of petroleum and trade accompanied Zeine. The visit aimed at strengthening economic and military ties between the two countries. The move comes after the junta faced Western sanctions and severed ties with France following the military coup. The ministers would be visiting Turkey, Iran, and Serbia as well. The visit signifies the junta's attempt to diversify its partnerships and reduce dependence on the West. ("Niger PM in Moscow to deepen military and economic ties," BBC, 16 January 2024)

Nigeria: Attack on military camp causes residents to flee

On 16 January, over 100 gunmen attacked a Nigerian military camp in the Katsina state. The armed men burned vehicles and looted nearby shops and homes, causing residents to flee. The attack highlights the ongoing issue of armed gangs, popularly called bandits, causing havoc in Nigeria despite military efforts. ("Villagers flee as gunmen overrun Nigerian military camp," BBC, 16 January 2024)

Somalia: Al Shabab-led suicide bombing kills three 

On 16 January, Al Jazeera reported that a suicide bombing in Mogadishu killed three people and injured two others. Al Shabab has claimed responsibility for the attack stating that they targeted local security officials. The group has been increasingly carrying out attacks since President, Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, declared war on them. Recently, Al Shabab attacked a UN helicopter that crash-landed in a region under the control of the group. ("Suicide bombing kills three people, injures two in Somali capital: Police," Al Jazeera, 16 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Tanzania: Bans Kenya Airways 

On 15 January, the Tanzania Civil Aviation Authority (TCAA) banned Kenya Airways’ flights from landing in Dar es Salaam. This retaliates against Kenya's refusal to allow Air Tanzania cargo flights in Nairobi, violating a 2016 agreement. Tanzania claims losses over USD 330,000 per cargo flight denied. Hamza Johari, director general of the TCCA, stated: "We have written to Kenyan authorities’ but they do not respond.” In response, Kenya Airways asserted that it is "engaging the Civil Aviation Authorities and relevant government agencies in Kenya and Tanzania to find a solution that will ensure there are no flight disruptions between Nairobi and Dar es Salaam." ("Tanzania bans Kenya Airways flights in tit-for-tat move," BBC, 15 January 2024)

Mauritius: Heavy rains ahead of cyclone Belal

On 15 January, BBC reported that cyclone Belal which was formed in the Indian Ocean hit the Mauritius and French territory of Réunion. A major part of the Réunion island is inaccessible to power and fresh water. People have been advised to stay indoors until the cyclone crosses the island. Two people died; one in Réunion and the other in Mauritius. Mauritius Meteorological Services stated: "Belal is dangerously approaching Mauritius and it represents a threat.” A curfew was imposed and the international airport, government offices, banks and other firms were shut in advance of expected torrential rain. Additionally, heavy destruction of properties was reported. Cyclones are common in the southern Africa region during the January to March months with the southern hemisphere reaching their warmest temperatures. In 2022, the World Weather Attribution stated that climate change has caused an increase in rainfall in the region causing extreme weather conditions. (“Cyclone Belal: Flooding as storm hits Réunion and heads for Mauritius,” BBC, 15 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Ten civilians killed in fighting

On 12 January, BBC Africa reported that at least ten civilians were killed in an artillery fire exchange between the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in the capital Khartoum. The fighting which started in April 2023 has now spread to adjacent cities of Omdurman and Bahri with RSF claiming advances. According to the UN, more than 12,000 people have been killed in the fighting. (“Shells hit Sudan capital killing civilians,” BBC, 12 January 2024)

Central Africa: WHO to scale up assistance to flood-hit DRC and Congo-Brazzaville

On 12 January, BBC Africa reported that the World Health Organization (WHO) has scaled up its response to the floods in Congo-Brazzaville. WHO has allocated USD 100,000 for the deployment of rescue workers. It stated: "Heavy flooding has caused widespread devastation in Congo, with nine of its 12 [regional] departments affected.” It added that the floods have affected nearly 336,000 Congolese people. Congo Brazzaville and the neighbouring Democratic Republic of Congo have been facing severe floods for the past two weeks. In the Democratic Republic of Congo, the floods have killed more than 300 people. (“WHO boosts Congo-Brazzaville response amid severe floods,” BBC, 12 January 2024)

Israel describes South Africa’s defence in ICJ as “a sweeping counter-factual description”

On 12 January, Israeli lawyer Tal Becker for the ICJ case on genocide in Gaza filed by South Africa described South Africa’s defence as “a sweeping counter-factual description.” South Africa has accused Israel of committing genocide in Gaza violating the 1948 Genocide Convention and requested the court to order Israel to cease its military actions against Gaza. (“Israel says South Africa distorting the truth in ICJ genocide case,” BBC, 12 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: UN helicopter seized by al Shabab

On 11 January, BBC Africa reported that the Islamist group, al Shabab, active in Somalia, seized a UN helicopter that was conducting a medical mission. The helicopter which had eight people on board crashed in the region controlled by the militants after its main rotor blade was hit by an unknown object. The UN's mission in Somalia (Unsom) confirmed the incident and stated that “response efforts are underway.” According to the BBC, one passenger was killed and two escaped. The helicopter was carrying medical supplies to the Galgaduud region. (“Somalia conflict: UN helicopter and passengers seized by al-Shabab,” BBC, 11 January 2024)

South Africa: ICJ hears South Africa’s case against Israel committing “genocide” in Gaza

On 11 January, South Africa presented its case against Israel committing genocide in Gaza at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). South African lawyers claimed that Israel’s plan to “destroy” Gaza is from “the highest level of state.” South Africa called on the court to order Israel to halt its attacks in Gaza. Israel rejected the accusations as “baseless.” Israel is expected to present its defence on 12 January. Addressing the court, South Africa’s Minister of Justice, Ronald Lamola, stated that the attacks cannot "provide justification for or defend breaches of the [Genocide] Convention.” (“Israel officials support Gaza destruction, court hears,” BBC, 11 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Eritrean president announces support for “Somalia’s sovereignty”

On 10 January, Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud stated that Eritrean leader Isaias Afwerki announced support “for Somalia’s sovereignty” after increasing tension with Ethiopia over the port deal signed with Somaliland. The statement was made following the Somali leader’s visit to Eritrea on 9 January. The agreement signed between Ethiopia and Somaliland gave the former access to a port in the Red Sea. Somalia called the deal an act of “aggression” threatening the sovereignty of the country. (“Eritrea 'voices support for Somalia' amid Ethiopia row,” BBC, 10 January 2024)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Constitutional Court declares Tshisekedi’s victory

On 10 January, the Constitutional Court of the Democratic Republic of Congo rejected the formal challenges filed against the presidential elections held in December 2023. The polls were chapped by two out of the 18 opposition candidates. President Felix Tshisekedi won the elections securing 73 per cent of the vote. The polls were reportedly marred by several logistical issues and claims by the opposition that the results were deliberately rigged in favour of Tshisekedi. (“DR Congo court confirms Tshisekedi's poll victory,” BBC, 10 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Vetriselvi Baskaran and Narmatha

Mozambique: IMF's successful completion of the third review for loan program

On 9 January, Africanews reported that Mozambique's USD 456 million International Monetary Fund (IMF)-backed economic recovery program, Extended Credit Facility, received a boost with the successful completion of its third review. This allows for an immediate disbursement of USD 60.7 million to Maputo, bringing the total released funds to USD 273 million. The IMF commended the program's progress pointing to reduced inflation and a faster economic rebound. The USD 456 million package aims to support Mozambique's economic recovery, lower public debt and improve its financial stability. It also prioritises crucial public investments in human capital, climate adaptation and infrastructure. ("IMF approves disbursement of $60.7 million to Mozambique," Africanews, 8 January 2024) 

Somaliland: Chiefs meet amid regional tensions

On 9 November, BBC reported that Ethiopian Field Marshal Birhanu Jula and Somaliland's Maj Gen Nuh Ismael Tani met in Addis Ababa for a discussion on military cooperation. Tensions have been increasing after Ethiopia signed a deal with Somaliland to lease a part of Somaliland’s port access for commercial and military purposes. Somalia strongly condemned this as an act of “aggression” as Somaliland is considered to be an integral part of Somalia. (“Ethiopia-Somaliland army chiefs meet amid regional tensions,” BBC, 9 January, 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Vetriselvi Baskaran and Narmatha

Somalia: Said Abdullahi Deni re-elected in Puntland

On 8 January, BBC reported that Said Abdullahi Deni secured a second term as Puntland's President in a tensely contested election marred by previous disputes and violence. He won the elections securing 45 votes against Guled Salah Barre with 21 votes. Puntland carries out indirect elections where the clan leaders choose the Members of Parliament (MPs) who then elect the president. At least 26 people were killed in 2023 during clashes between Deni’s supporters and the opposition over the demand to conduct direct election. According to BBC, Deni's immediate swearing-in signals a continuation of his leadership in Somalia’s semi-autonomous Puntland region. ("Said Deni re-elected Somalia’s Puntland president," BBC, 8 January 2024) 

South Sudan: 30 civilians killed in violence

On 8 January, BBC Africa reported that at least 30 civilians were killed in an attack on a cattle camp in the state of Jonglei in South Sudan. Armed men from the Pibor region are suspected to be behind the cattle raid-turned-violence. The United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) condemned the violence, urged all parties to cease hostilities and pursue peaceful solutions and called on to "de-escalate the situation." They emphasised the need for regional authorities to engage in dialogue, justice and preventative measures to avoid further bloodshed in the volatile Jonglei and Pibor regions. ("UN condemns killing of 28 civilians in South Sudan," BBC, 8 January 2024) 

Rwanda: Deals with Jordan

On 8 January, BBC reported that in a bid to strengthen their relationship, Rwanda and Jordan signed several agreements during King Abdullah II Ibn Al-Hussein’s visit to Kigali. The deals span various sectors including health, economics, trade, agriculture and taxation, aiming to eliminate double taxation and tackle tax evasion. The collaboration extends to politics, defence and counter-terrorism as well. Jordan expressed gratitude for Rwanda's humanitarian aid to Gaza, highlighting the growing affinity between the two counties. ("Rwanda signs multiple deals with Jordan during king's visit," BBC, 8 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Vetriselvi Baskaran and Narmatha

Democratic Republic of Congo: Heavy floods kill 60 people

On 5 January, Africanews reported heavy floods in the Democratic Republic of Congo with the Congo River overflowing and affecting the Equateur region after hitting Ituri, Mongala and Kinshasa. Over 100 homes have been destroyed in Mbandaka region and at least 60 people have died across the country as of 28 December. The government has declared a state of emergency and allocated USD four million for humanitarian aid. (“DR Congo experiencing worst flooding in 60 years,” Africanews, 5 January 2024)

Somalia: Indian Navy rescues hijacked ship

On 5 January, BBC Africa reported that the Indian Navy rescued crew members of a ship hijacked by pirates on the Somali coast. The commandos rescued all 21 crew members, however, did not find the pirates on board. The ship, MV Lila Norfolk, with the Liberian flag was on its way to Bahrain. Out of 21 crew members, 15 were Indians. An emergency signal was received at the UK Marine Agency (UKMTO) of an armed pirate attack. Based on information from UKMTO, the Indian Navy with Indian patrol aircraft followed by the guided missile destroyer, INS Chennai, carried out the rescue operation. (“Indian navy rescues sailors on board a ship attacked by pirates off Somali coast,” BBC, 5 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

South Africa: US dismisses SA's case at ICJ

On 4 January, BBC reported that the US has dismissed South Africa's case against Israel in the International Court of Justice (ICJ). South Africa failed a case against Israel for committing genocidal acts against Palestine the previous week. On 2 January, Israel condemned South Africa for these claims by adding it was Hamas committing genocidal acts. The US Department of State Spokesperson, Matthew Miller stated: "As pertains to the United States, we are not seeing any acts that constitute genocide. But there are military operations going on that put Palestinian people at risk.” (“US dismisses SA's case against Israel as 'meritless',” BBC, 4 January 2024)

Somalia: AU and the US call on Ethiopia to respect territorial sovereignty

On 4 January, BBC reported that the AU and US have called on Ethiopia to respect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of Somalia after Ethiopia signed a controversial port deal with Somaliland. The deal has caused bilateral and regional tensions. Somalia called the deal an act of “aggression.” Somaliland was separated from Somalia in 1991 but has not been recognized as an independent state internationally. (“AU, US urge respect for Somalia's sovereignty amid row,” BBC, 4 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

Sudan: RSF leader Dagalo visits Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti

On 3 January, BBC reported that the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) leader, General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo, began his visit to Kenya, Ethiopia and Djibouti marking his first foreign trip since the civil war began. Dagalo met with Kenyan President, William Ruto, and discussed diplomatic efforts to end the war. He expressed his “vision regarding stopping the war and starting negotiations” with the Sudanese army. President Ruto appreciated the efforts of Dagalo in ending the conflict through dialogue. (“Sudan's RSF commander holds talks with Kenya's Ruto,” BBC, 3 January 2024)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Opposition candidates rule out poll petition

On 3 January, opposition candidates formally announced their decision not to challenge the presidential election results of the Democratic Republic of Congo. On 31 December, the election commission declared President Felix Tshisekedi’s victory securing 73 per cent of votes against Moise Katumbi securing 18 per cent. Without any petitions, Tshisekedi will be sworn in as the President on 20 January. (“DR Congo opposition candidates rule out poll petition,” BBC. 3 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

South Africa: Israel slams for claiming genocidal acts in Gaza

On 2 January, BBC reported on a reply from Eylon Levy, the Israeli spokesperson, that Israel will fight South Africa's claim of committing genocidal acts in Gaza at the International Court of Justice (ICJ). Ever since the war began, more than 20,000 Palestinians lost their lives. South Africa, being a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause, has been condemning Israel for its attacks on Gaza. Israeli Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, rejected South Africa's allegations  stating:  “No, South Africa, it is not we who have come to perpetrate genocide, it is Hamas. It would murder all of us if it could. In contrast, the IDF [Israeli army] is acting as morally as possible.”(“Israel to fight South Africa's Gaza genocide claim in court,” BBC. 2 January 2024)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Vetriselvi Baskaran

Democratic Republic of Congo: Post-election violence

On 1 January, Africanews reported that demonstrators took to the streets in Goma on 31 December responding to the opposition's call to mobilise against the results of the presidential elections. President Felix Tshisekedi was re-elected securing 70 per cent of the vote against his major opposition candidate Moise Katumbi securing 18 per cent and Martin Fayulu five per cent. Five opposition candidates announced their intention to march calling the country’s election a fraud. (“DRC: Protests erupt in Goma as opposition challenges election results,” Africanews, 1 January 2024)

Ethiopia: MoU with Somaliland

On 1 January, BBC reported that Ethiopia signed a non-legal binding Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the self-proclaimed Somaliland to access one of its ports, Barbera. The port which is 20 kilometres has been exchanged as a lease for 50 years. Ethiopian Prime Minister, Abiy Ahmed and Somaliland President Muse Bihi Abdi signed the agreement in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Abiy's National Security Adviser, Redwan Hussien, stated that the arrangement would enable Ethiopia to use a "leased military base" on the sea. Abiy Ahmed stated that the MoU would "pave the way to realise the aspiration of Ethiopia to secure access to the sea." While addressing the ceremony, Abiy mentioned that Somaliland would soon be recognised as an independent territory. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Somaliland stated: "Historic agreement ensures Ethiopia's access to the sea for their naval forces, reciprocated by formal recognition of the Republic of Somaliland, marking this as a significant diplomatic milestone for our country." (“Ethiopia signs agreement with Somaliland paving way to sea access,” BBC, 1 January 2024)

Chad: Former opposition leader appointed as Prime Minister 

On 1 January, Chad's transitional government appointed former opposition leader, Succes Masra, as Prime Minister. This comes despite Masra's strong opposition to the military regime that took power in 2021 and his recent exile following a deadly crackdown on protests. His appointment follows the passage of a new constitution supported by the military which opposition groups largely boycotted. However, Masra backed the constitution arguing that it would pave the way for a quicker transition to civilian rule. 86 per cent voted “yes” to the referendum. However, his decision divided the opposition, raising concerns about a potential deal with the regime. (“Former Chad opposition leader appointed as PM of transitional government” Al Jazeera, 1 January 2024) 

Sudan: Six killed in an attack in the Abyei region

On 1 January, Al Jazeera reported that the Abyei region, a disputed territory between South Sudan and Sudan, witnessed an ambush by armed men killing six people. The attack was carried out by one of the competing factions of the Dinka ethnic group, Twic Dinka from South Sudan's state of Warrap and Ngok Dinka from Abyei, who regularly clash over the administrative limit. The Minister of Information for the Abyei administrative region accused the armed youth from Twic county of Warrap state of the attack. Meanwhile, his counterpart, William Wol, from Warrap state claimed that it was too early “to point fingers.” (“Six killed in ambush in disputed area between Sudan and South Sudan”  Al Jazeera, 1 January 2024) 

IN BRIEF

By Vetriselvi Baskaran and Narmatha S

South Africa: Flood hits the town of Ladysmith in KwaZulu-Natal province

On 31 December, Africannews reported that the town of Ladysmith in KwaZulu-Natal province was hit by the floods. It killed at least 21 people and destroyed almost 1400 homes. Police Spokesperson, Colonel Robert, Netshiunda stated: “As of 29 December 2023, a total of 21 bodies have been recovered.” He added that the death tolls are expected to rise as the total number of people missing is uncertain. Search and rescue teams are on board. (“South Africa: Flash floods kill 21 people in coastal province of KwaZulu-Natal,” Africanews, 31 December 2023)

Mali: The UN peacekeeping mission in Mali officially ends after ten years

On 31 December, BBC reported that the UN peacekeeping mission in Mali, the Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission (MINUSMA), is to complete its withdrawal from the country on 31 December bringing an end to a decades-long presence. MINUSMA began in 2013 following the advent of separatist insurgency attempting to take control of the north of the country. Among the UN missions, MINUSMA is the second deadliest mission that recorded the death of 310 peacekeepers. Despite their presence and efforts to counterattack, the jihadist activities increased, failing to fulfil the mandate of the mission. (“Mali: UN peacekeeping mission ends after decade,” BBC, 31 December 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: President Tshisekedi wins the election

On 31 December, BBC reported that President Félix Tshisekedi was declared the winner of the Democratic Republic of Congo elections. The election commission announced that he will be sworn in as the country's president on 20 January. Tshisikedi secured 73 per cent of the vote with his nearest challenger, Moise Katumbi, securing 18 per cent of the vote. (“Félix Tshisekedi: DR Congo's re-elected president,” BBC, 31 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph 

South Africa: Files case against Israel in ICJ over “genocide” in Gaza

On 29 December, South Africa filed a case against Israel in the International Court of Justice (ICJ) accusing of “genocide” in Gaza. The country described Israel’s actions in Gaza as  “genocidal in character because they are intended to bring about the destruction of a substantial part of the Palestinian national, racial and ethnic group.” It added: “The acts in question include killing Palestinians in Gaza, causing them serious bodily and mental harm, and inflicting on them conditions of life calculated to bring about their physical destruction.” (“South Africa files case at ICJ accusing Israel of ‘genocidal acts’ in Gaza,” Al Jazeera, 29 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Sudan: RSF leader goes on a wartime visit to Ethiopia

On 28 December, Reuters reported that the RSF leader visited Uganda and Ethiopia on 27 and 28 December respectively. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated that they discussed the need for a swift end to the war between the RSF and the SAF to restore peace and stability in the country. RSD leader Hemedti stated: "We discussed the need to bring a swift end to this war, the historical crisis in Sudan, and how to best alleviate the hardships of the Sudanese people.” The RSF has recently made military gains seizing control of the city of Wad Madani, SAF's bases and ports and consolidating its grip on the western region of Darfur. (“Leader of Sudan’s RSF visits Ethiopia in rare foreign trip as war rages,” Al Jazeera, 28 December 2023)

Burkina Faso: Russia opens its embassy

On 28 December, Russia opened an embassy in Burkina Faso after 30 years. The development comes after deteriorated France-Burkina Faso relations following the coup in 2022. Recently, the country had strengthened military and diplomatic ties with Russia following the withdrawal of French troops. Russia's ambassador to Ivory Coast, Alexei Saltykov, will be heading the embassy until an appointment is made. Saltykov described Burkina Faso as "an old partner with whom we have solid and friendly ties.” (“Russia reopens embassy in Burkina Faso,” BBC, 28 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Sudan: Cholera outbreak in Port Sudan amidst the war-torn country

On 27 December, African news reported that the cholera outbreak had spread to at least 46 localities in nine states in Sudan. Currently, 70 per cent of the health system in Sudan is out of service due to the civil war. There is an acute shortage in the supply of medicines and treatment for people with several diseases and severe diarrhoea. The university dorms are being converted to camps for displaced people. Due to mass gatherings, cholera has been spreading throughout the camps. Humanitarian agencies are working to resolve the conflict and provide medical aid to the maximum. (“Cholera Outbreak Ravages Port Sudan Amidst War,” BBC, 27 December 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Opposition clashed over alleged irregular elections

On 27 December, BBC Africa reported on clashes between the opposition supporters and the police over alleged irregular elections. Former oil executive Martin Fayulu, a major opposition leader who secured four per cent of votes, alleged that 11 of his supporters were injured during the clashes. Fayulu’s supporters burnt tyres and clashed with police accusing the election commission of fraud and ballot stuffing aimed at Tshisekedi’s victory and demanded the poll to be annulled. Tshisekedi won the elections securing 80 per cent of the votes. (“DR Congo elections: Fayulu's supporters clash with police in Kinshasa,” BBC, 27 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Death toll rise to 160 in state of Plateau amid militant attacks

On 26 December, Africanews reported that at least 160 people were killed by armed groups in several villages in the state of Plateau. According to the report, armed men, locally known as bandits, have attacked around 20 villages since 24 December. In response, Amnesty International stated: “The Nigerian authorities have consistently failed in their attempts to put an end to these frequent attacks in Plateau State.” (“Many flee their homes after attacks kill 100s in central Nigeria,” Africanews, 26 December 2023)

Sudan: RSF accused of looting in Wad Madani

On 26 December, the residents of a village in the state of al-Jazira accused the Rapid Sup[port Forces (SAF) of looting the region including vehicles. RSF paramilitary group which has been fighting the Sudanese army has captured most of the capital Khartoum and has been advancing towards other regions. Recently, they captured the city of Wad Madani in the state of Al Jazira. According to the report, the group is advancing towards the neighbouring states of Sennar and Gedaref. (“Sudan: RSF militiamen accused of widespread looting in Wad Madani,” Africanews, 26 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Chad: New constitution passed with 86 per cent vote in the referendum

On 25 December, Africanews reported that Chad’s new constitution was approved with 86 per cent votes in a referendum held on 17 December. The voter turnout for the referendum was reportedly 63.75 per cent. The referendum is said to be a significant step in the return to civilian rule by the end of 2024. Opposition leaders boycotted the referendum stating that the move is just a show for the eventual election of military leader General Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno, who assumed power in 2021 following the death of his father, who himself took power in a coup 33 years ago. (“Chad's new constitution passes with 86% of vote,” Africanews, 25 December 2023)

Nigeria: 16 people killed in militant attack

On 25 December, Africanews reported that at least 16 people were killed in an attack on the village of Mushu in the state of Plateau. Although it is unclear who carried out the attack, the region has been facing religious and ethnic tension for several years. The governor of the state, Caleb Mutfwang, condemned the attack, describing it as "barbaric, brutal and unjustified.” (“Nigeria: at least 16 people killed in an attack in the centre of the country,” Africanews, 25 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: France closes its embassy

On 22 December, France closed its embassy in Niger over the escalating tensions between the countries. The embassy stated that it is "no longer able to function normally or fulfil its missions" due to the restrictions imposed by the military government. The development comes after French troops left the country after the coup and France’s disapproval of the new military government. (“France closes Niger embassy after row with military junta,” BBC, 22 December 2023)

Sudan: SAF leader blames army’s “negligence” in Wad Madani

On 22 December, Sudanese military leader, al Burhan blamed the army for its “negligence” after the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) captured the city of Wad Madani. The army has been criticised for leaving the city without a proper defence. More than 300,000 people have left the city amid the fighting. Burhan stated: "We will hold every negligent commander accountable. Those who were responsible for this withdrawal will also be held accountable without leniency.” (“Sudan war: General Burhan blames fall of Wad Madani on 'negligence',” BBC, 22 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: Italy to evacuate 1,500 refugees

On 21 December BBC Africa reported that the Italian government signed an agreement with the UN refugee agency to provide asylum to 1,500 refugees and asylum seekers from Libya over the next three years. The deal is an extension of the previous one, in which Italy provided asylum to 1,300 refugees and asylum seekers from Libya. UNHCR applauded the deal stating that it provided “a critical lifeline for refugees and asylum seekers facing heightened protection risks.” (“Italy to evacuate 1,500 more refugees from Libya,” BBC, 21 December 2023)

Sudan: WFP halts aid amid renewed fighting

On 21 December, BBC Africa reported that the World Food Programme has halted food aid to parts of the state of Gezira in Sudan after the RSF took control of the city of Wad Madani. the head of the UN World Food Programme (WFP) in Sudan, Eddie Rowe stated:  "A place of refuge has now become a battleground in a war that has already taken a horrific toll on civilians. This has forced WFP to put on hold food deliveries in some locations in Gezira state at a time when people need our help the most." According to the WFP, more than 300,000 people have fled the region amid the fighting. (“WFP halts food aid to captured Sudan city,” BBC, 21 December 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Elections and extended for a second day amid delays

On 21 December, BBC Africa reported that the elections in the Democratic Republic of Congo are ongoing for a second day. Elections were delayed on several points on the initial day forcing the authorities to extend for another day. Allegations of Electoral fraud, delays and overcrowding were reported in several polling stations. President Félix Tshisekedi faces 18 candidates as he seeks a second term. Rebel insurgency in the eastern part of the country has marred the election process in the region. (“DR Congo elections: Vote enters second day after 'chaos',” BBC, 21 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: RSF seizes military base in Gezira and the city of Wad Madani

On 20 December, the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), the paramilitary group fighting the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF), claimed that they had seized a military base in the state of Gezira. The RSF stated that it “liberated the second infantry division” of SAF in the town of al-Hasaheisa. The development comes days after the group claimed seizing of the city of Wad Madani, the capital of the state of Gezira. According to the Preliminary Committee of Sudan Doctors’ Union, at least 300 people were killed during the clashes in Wad Madani. The UN International Organisation for Migration (IOM) stated that more than 300,000 people have fled the city following the clashes. (“RSF says it has seized another key town in central Sudan,” BBC, 20 December 2023)

The Democratic Republic of Congo: UN peacekeeping forces’ withdrawal in three phases

On 20 December, the UN Security Council voted on the withdrawal of the UN peacekeeping forces from the conflict-hit eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The council extended the mandate of the mission, United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), for a year and a three-phase withdrawal consequently. The mission which began in 2010 aimed to restore security in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo; however, failed to achieve the objectives with the challenge of fighting more than 200 rebel groups. The UNSC stated: "The drawdown will start by the end of 2023 amid the election cycle. The force will be withdrawn from South Kivu by the end of April 2024 and the mandate’s implementation will be limited to provinces from May 2024.” (“UN council votes for gradual exit of DR Congo force,” BBC, 20 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Uganda: Human rights group challenges Anti-Homosexuality Act

On 18 December, BBC Africa reported on human rights groups challenging Uganda’s Anti-Homosexuality Act at the constitutional court. The act which was passed in May this year imposes the death penalty for having gay sex with someone below the age of 18 and infected with sexually transmitted diseases including HIV. The act was passed in the parliament with an overwhelming majority. The act has brought global criticism with the World Bank halting new loans and the US imposing visa transitions on prominent officials. The government defended the case citing traditional family values. (“Uganda's Anti-Homosexuality Act challenged in Constitutional Court,” BBC, 18 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: 60 migrants drowned off the coast of Libya

On 17 December, BBC Africa quoted the International Organization for Migration (IOM) that more than 60 migrants drowned in a shipwreck off the coast of Libya. The vessel left the city of Zuwara with around 86 people on board. The boat carrying migrants was trying to cross the Mediterranean to enter Europe. According to the IOM, more than 2,200 people have died this year while trying to cross the Mediterranean, making it one of the most dangerous routes. (“More than 60 migrants feared drowned off Libya, IOM says,” BBC, 17 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: ECOWAS officially suspends country’s membership

On 15 December, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) officially suspended Niger’s membership in the bloc. The move comes after the ruling military government refused to reinstate deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. On 11 December, ECOWAS stated that it will not revoke sanctions imposed on Niger after the junta rejected to free the ousted president. (“Ecowas officially suspends Niger over coup,” BBC, 15 December 2023)

Kenya: Deal with Saudi Arabia securing 2,500 jobs

On 15 December, Kenya reached an agreement with Saudi Arabia allocating jobs for skilled workers and nurses in Saudi Arabia. Around 2,500 workers are expected to be given deployment during the first phase. Kenyan President, William Ruto, stated: "Previously, we only sent domestic workers, but now we can export skilled labour to Saudi Arabia and other countries." The development comes a week after Kenya's Ministry of Labour stated that it will send 1,500 workers to Israel. In November, Ruto visited Germany in a bid to secure 200,000 jobs for Kenyans. (“Kenya secures 2,500 jobs in Saudi Arabia - president,” BBC, 15 December 2023)

Somalia: Formally joins EAC

On 15 December, Somalia formally joined the East African Community (EAC) as the bloc's eighth member. Somalia's President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud signed the agreement during the ceremony which was presided over by current EAC chair and South Sudan President, Salva Kiir, in Uganda. President Mohamud stated that Somalia's entry into the bloc is a "beacon of hope for a future filled with possibilities." (“Somalia formally joins East Africa bloc as eighth member,” BBC, 15 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Uganda: 200 ADF militants killed in military operation

On 14 December, Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni stated that at least 200 Allied Democratic Forces (ADF) militants were killed in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo during a military operation carried out by Ugandan troops. Museveni stated that "we have been carrying out air attacks on the terrorists in Congo” adding that “200 of them were killed.” In 2021, Uganda and the Democratic Republic of Congo began a joint military offensive against the Islamic State-linked ADF group in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. However, the group has been carrying out frequent attacks. In June, at least 42 people were killed in western Uganda in an ADF attack. (“Hundreds of ADF fighters killed in Uganda strikes - Museveni,” BBC, 14 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: M23 rebels agree to a three-day ceasefire ahead of polls

On 13 December, the March 23 (M23), a rebel group active in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, agreed to a three-day ceasefire brokered by the US. M23 spokesperson, Lawrence Kanyuka, stated that they accepted the deal “since it is in line with the M23's existing signed ceasefire of 7 March 2023.” He added that the group would “not hesitate” to defend themselves and the civilian population that is under their control. The ceasefire comes ahead of the elections that are scheduled on 20 December. Authorities have commented that the elections cannot be held in the regions of Rutshuru and Masisi due to instability. (“M23 rebels welcome ceasefire ahead of DR Congo elections,” BBC, 13 December 2023)

Ethiopia: Severe drought kills 176 people

On 13 December, BBC Africa quoted Ethiopian authorities that at least 176 people were killed in the Tigray region due to drought-induced hunger. The Governor of the district of Emba Sieneti stated that nearly 45,000 people are facing severe hunger worsened by the conflict and drought. The previous week, Tigray’s interim administration announced a state of emergency after more than 200 people died from drought-related hunger. A failed four consecutive rainy season in the region has caused severe drought in the Horn of Africa region. (“Dozens more die of hunger in Ethiopia as drought worsens,” BBC, 13 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: Tariff-free deal with China

On 8 December, six African countries including Angola, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Gambia, Mali, Madagascar and Mauritania signed a tariff-free deal with China. The new policy of China is expected to come into effect on 25 December. China's Customs Tariff Commission of the State Council stated that the effort is proof of "the spirit of China-Africa friendship and cooperation," leading to "a high-quality China-Africa community with a shared future." According to the South China Morning Post (SCMP), currently, 20 other African countries have a similar deal with China. (“Six African nations sign tariff-free deal with China,” BBC, 8 December 2023)

Southern Africa: Zimbabwe and Botswana to sign passport-free travel deal

On 8 December, Zimbabwe and Botswana announced a passport-free travel deal to be signed in 2024. The move adds to the wave of African countries easing travel restrictions. Zimbabwe's President Emmerson Mnangagwa stated: "The two of us have agreed because we are African. We should be able to walk into Botswana, walk into Zambia, walk into Kenya. Why should we restrict ourselves?" He added: "We impose constraints on ourselves which are more colonial than they are patriotic, so we agreed that he (President Masisi) himself on his side and myself on my side are going to instruct the relevant departments to ease these constraints of movement of people between our two countries." (“Zimbabwe, Botswana announce passport-free travel deal,” BBC, 8 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

West Africa: Mali and Niger to revoke tax agreements with France

On 6 December, the military governments of Mali and Niger announced plans to halt decades-long tax agreements with France. The junta's of the respective countries jointly stated they are ending the agreements over "France's persistent hostile attitude" and "the unbalanced nature of these agreements, which result in a considerable loss of revenue for Mali and Niger." The tax agreement between France and Mali was signed in 1972; the deal with Niger was signed in 1965. The deals prevented Malian and Nigerian citizens living in France from paying taxes in two countries. Previously this year, Burkina Faso had revoked a similar deal with France. (“Mali and Niger revoke tax cooperation treaties with France,” Reuters, 6 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

Kenya: India provides USD 250 million credit 

On 5 December, India extended to provide USD 250 million for the modernisation of agriculture in Kenya. This comes after Kenyan President William Ruto’s three-day visit to India aimed to expand ties between the two countries. Indian Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, stated:  “As two agricultural economies, we have agreed to share experiences in this field. We have decided to extend a Line of Credit of $250 million for modernisation of the agricultural sector in Kenya. According to the needs of our times, we will increase partnership in innovation and technology.” Both countries have agreed to carry out joint military exercises and collaborate on counter-terror projects. The two countries also signed five agreements and issued a vision document for maritime cooperation in the Indian Ocean. (“India announces $250 million agriculture aid to boost ties,” Times of India, 5 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: Accidental army drone strikes kill many civilians

On 4 December, BBC reported that Nigeria's Armed Forces accidentally fired a drone strike on a village in the North-west killing dozens of civilians. They were killed by drones targeting terrorists and bandits in the air strike that took place in Tudun Biri village in the state of Kaduna. Nigeria's National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) stated that “Eighty-five dead bodies have so far been buried while search is still ongoing,” listing children, women and the elderly among the victims. Nigeria's military often conducts air raids as it fights the extremist violence and rebel attacks that have destabilised Nigeria's north for more than a decade, often leaving civilian casualties in its wake. (“Nigeria air strike 'mistakenly' kills worshippers at religious festival,” BBC, 4 December 2023)

Somali: Death toll due to floods rises to 110

On 4 August, BBC Africa quoted the UN OCHA that the death toll due to the ongoing floods in Somalia has risen to 110. According to OCHA, more than one million people have been displaced and nearly 2.4 million people are affected due to the calamity. The agency has warned of the risk of the spread of several diseases including cholera in the states of Hirshabelle and Galmudug. Somalia and neighbouring countries of Kenya and Ethiopia have been experiencing heavy rains for the past week causing widespread casualties and displacement. According to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO), the floods are caused by the El Niño weather phenomenon causing extreme weather patterns. (“Somalia floods death toll rises to 110 - UN,” BBC, 4 August 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

Ethiopia: Authorities blame the armed group for casualties

On 2 December, Ethiopian officials accused Oromo Liberation Army (OLA) of carrying out attacks in the Oromia region which resulted in the death of many civilians. The largest and the populous Oromia region of Ethiopia was under attack 11 days after the peace talks in Tanzania. Tanzania served as the buffer zone for the peaceful talks between Ethiopian officials and the OLA. However, the peace talk ended without agreement. At least 36 people were killed after unidentified attackers struck three villages in Oromia's Shirka district on November 24 and 27. (“Ethiopia's Oromiya region accuses Ola rebels of killing 'many' people,” Times of India, 2 December 2023)

Guinea-Bissau: Another coup attempt says Guinea-Bissau’s President

On 2 December, Guinea-Bissau's President, Umaro Sissoco Embalo, who arrived in the country after attending the COP28 in UAE, stated the violence in the country during the week was a coup attempt. The unrest between members of the National Guard and special forces of the presidential guard on 30 November in the capital Bissau left at least two people dead. Guinea-Bissau has suffered a series of coups and attempted coups since its independence from Portugal in 1974. (“Guinea-Bissau: Soldier detained after gunfire in capital,” BBC, 2 December 2023) 

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S

Sudan: UN terminates mission in Sudan

On 1 December, the UN Security Council voted to end its mission, UNITMAS, in the war-torn Sudan. 14 members voted to end the mission while Russia abstained. The mission would come to an end on 3 December. The Sudanese military government stated that the mission failed to reach its objectives. DiCarlo, UN Under-Secretary-General for Political and Peacebuilding Affairs, stated: “The Security Council just voted to close down UNITAMS, but the UN is not abandoning the Sudanese people.” UNITAMS was established in June 2020 to support the country in a 12-month transition towards a civilian government. Its mandate was extended in 2021 and 2022. (“Security Council agrees to terminate UN mission in Sudan,” United Nations, 1 December 2023)

West Africa: Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso to create a federation

On 1 December, a two-day meeting was held in Malian capital Bamako, where the foreign ministers of Niger, Mali and Burkina Faso met. During the meeting, they proposed establishing a confederation uniting the West African countries. In September, the military leaders of Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger established the Alliance of Sahel States, a mutual defence pact. The latest meeting aimed at elaborating the functions of the defence alliance. Africanews quoted foreign ministers of the West African countries stating the “great potential for peace, stability, diplomatic strength and economic development that a strengthened political alliance offers." (“Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger look to form a federation,” Africanews, 1 December 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S and Anu Maria Joseph 

Niger: Junta overturns anti-migrant smuggling law

On 28 November, the Niger junta overturned an eight-year-old law that criminalised migrant smuggling. The junta stated that the law “did not take into account the interests of Niger and its citizens.” The law was passed in 2015 after a million asylum seekers and migrants tried to reach Europe through illegal and dangerous means. The implementation of the law resulted in a decrease in illegal people smuggling. The easing of the law is likely to cause a reemergence of trafficking gangs. (“Niger coup leaders repeal law against migrant smuggling,” BBC, 28 November 2023)

South Africa: 11 workers die in a platinum mine accident

On 28 November, BBC reported that a dozen workers died and nearly 75 members were injured as a lift collided in a Platinum mine. Impala Platinum Chief Executive, Nico Muller, described it as the "darkest day" in the company's history. South Africa has several deepest mines in the world. The accident took place when the winding rope connected to the cage-like lift carrying workers up and down to the mine started to move downwards unexpectedly. Impala Platinum stated that operations at the mine have been suspended. The officials added that it will extend its support to the families of their workers who died in service. In 2023, a South African mine accident resulted in the death of 60 People. (“Sudden lift plunge at South African mine kills 11,” BBC, 28 November 2023)

Sudan: UAE accused of providing support to RSF

On 28 November, the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) accused the United Arab Emirates (UAE) of providing support to the Rapid Support Forces (RAF). It stated that the UAE was involved in the war, supplying war materials to the RSF. In a video circulated by Reuters, General Yaasir al-Attah stated that they have information from military intelligence that the UAE is sending planes to support the militants. He added that the UAE is supplying RSF through Uganda, Central African Republic, Chad and then to Sudan. The UAE responded: "UAE has consistently called for de-escalation, a ceasefire and the initiation of diplomatic dialogue in Sudan.” (“Sudanese general accuses UAE of supplying paramilitary RSF,” Reuters, 28 November 2023)

Burkina Faso: 40 civilians killed in militant attack

On 28 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 40 civilians were killed in an Islamist militant attack in northern Burkina Faso. The Jama’at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), an Islamist militant group active in West Africa has attacked the city of Djibo. The country has been battling insurgency since 2015. (“Islamists kill at least 40 civilians in Burkina Faso,” BBC, 28 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S 

Uganda: To borrow USD 150 million from China

On 27 November, the Ugandan Ministry of Finance stated that the country is preparing to borrow USD 150 million from China’s Export-Import Bank after the World Bank halted its funding. This deal was made to expand Uganda’s internet facility and infrastructure. The money, the ministry stated, “is to finance the supply, installation, commissioning, and support of the national data transmission backbone infrastructure.” Additionally, to export crude oil to the international market, the country is trying to extend its negotiations with the Chinese Export Credit Agency, SINOSURE. Uganda is also negotiating with the EXIM bank to help them by providing loans to finance the construction of a pipeline. The World Bank, the biggest development lender to Uganda, stopped funding in August due to the anti-LGBTQ law. (“Uganda to borrow $150 mln from China's Exim after World Bank halts funding,” Reuters, 27 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S 

Sierra Leone: Nationwide curfew after attacks on military barracks

On 26 November, a nationwide curfew was announced by President Julius Maada Bio after unknown gunmen fired at the military barracks and detention centres in the capital city of Freetown. Bio stated that “calm has been restored” after they were driven away by the security forces. The political situation in the country has been tense since Bio was re-elected in a disputed election in June. The detention centres and the Pademba Road prison that held more than 2000 prisoners were attacked. Minister of Information, Chernor Bah stated: “The prisoners were overrun and some prisoners were abducted by the assailants while many others were released.” (“Sierra Leone lifts indefinite curfew,” BBC, 26 November 2023)

Egypt: Collaboration with Canadian company on mineral resource

On 26 November, Arab News reported that a contract was signed between Egypt’s mineral resource authority and Canada’s Lotus Gold Corporation in Marsa Alam on a USD 2.5 million gold exploration project. The deal with the Lotus Gold Corporation, a major player in the global mining industry, is part of the second round of Egypt’s global gold bid giving the firm three sectors covering 525 square meters. This is seen as Egypt’s effort to increase foreign investments and modernise the mining sector. The signing of the contract was overseen by Egypt’s Minister of Petroleum and Mineral Resources, Tarek El-Molla and Canadian Ambassador, Louis Dumas. (“Egypt boosts gold sector with $2.5m exploration deal with Lotus Gold Corp,” Arab News, 26 November 2023)

Nigeria: 100 people abducted in Zamfara

On 26 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 100 people were abducted by bandits in the state of Zamfara in northwest Nigeria. Gunmen who came on motorcycles stormed the village. A witness told BBC that the residents were kidnapped after they failed to pay the tax imposed by the gunmen. One of the villagers told BBC that the leader of the armed gang, Damana, controls the majority of the region in the absence of state security forces. Currently, Nigeria faces multifaceted security issues including the jihadist insurgency in the north, farmer-herder clashes and separatist insurgency in the southeast and bandits in the Niger Delta. (“Dozens kidnapped by motorcycle 'bandits' in north Nigeria,” BBC, 26 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S 

Madagascar: Incumbent president wins the elections for a third term

On 25 November, BBC Africa reported that Madagascar’s incumbent President, Andry Rajoelina, won the elections for a third term. The country witnessed a disputed election boycotted by the opposition party who claimed that they would not recognise the election's outcome. Andry secured 59 per cent of the vote against his main opponent Marc Ravalomanana. The presidential candidates called for a poll boycott because of a low voter turnout. The voter turnout was 46 per cent which is the lowest recorded ever in the country. On 16 November, multiple clashes with police resulted in a curfew on the evening of election day. (“Madagascar president re-elected amid boycott,” BBC, 25 November 2023)

Morocco: Alliance with the EU to tackle extremism

On 24 November, the EU and Morocco launched an initiative against extremism through educational means. It is a two-year initiative aimed at countering and preventing violent extremism. In the 21st Global Counterterrorism Forum (GCTF), Morocco’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Nasser Bourita, stated that the program's primary goal is to “provide individuals with access to education and to help them develop the capacities necessary to challenge extremist narratives and promote peace.” The EU’s High Representative for Foreign Affairs, Joseph Borell, asserted that “the program aims to help develop societies that are more tolerant and resilient against terrorism and violent extremism.” (“Morocco and EU Launch Alliance to Tackle Extremism through Education,” Morocco World News, 24 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Narmatha S 

Somalia: Joins as eighth member of East African Community trade bloc

On 24 November, Reuters reported that the East African Community trade bloc welcomed Somalia as its eighth member to boost the country’s economy and stability to expand free trade across the region. The EAC common market was set up in 2010 and has around 300 million people from the countries of Burundi, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, South Sudan, Tanzania and Uganda. Somalia’s Minister of Information, Culture and Tourism, Daud Aweis, stated: “Somalia officially joins the East African Community, reinforcing ties and opening new doors for progress and partnership.” With Somalia being the new member, the bloc’s coastline has stretched over 3000 kilometres holding high potential for offshore resources including oil and gas. Before, only Kenya and Tanzania of EAC had coastlines. The Bloc may witness jitters due to the presence of conflict-prone zones in Somalia caused by the Islamist militants. (“Boost for Somalia as it joins East African trade bloc,” BBC, 24 November 2023)

Ethiopia: Nearly 50 people died out of hunger

On 23 November BBC reported that more than fifty people died out of hunger in Ethiopia’s northern Tigray and Amhara. Thousands of people fled their homes because of drought. Since 2019, due to climate change, the region has witnessed five failed rainy seasons in the Horn of Africa region. Over 4000 cattle died of severe drought. The El Nino effect has worsened in northern Ethiopia, battling drought while the southern and eastern regions battling flash floods. The UN has stopped its humanitarian aid due to allegations of food theft that made the situation worse. (“Hunger kills 50 people in Ethiopia amid drought,” BBC, 23 November

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Peace talks with OLA end without deal

On 22 November, the Ethiopian government stated that the peace talks with the rebel group, Oromo Liberation Army (OLA), failed, describing OLA’s approach as “obstructive” and demands as “unrealistic.” The talks were held in the city of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania. One of the government negotiators, Redwan Hussein, stated that the government “regrets this unfortunate turn of events.” Meanwhile, OLA in response stated that the government was not interested in addressing the “fundamental problems that underlie the county´s seemingly insurmountable security and political challenges.” The OLA has been fighting the federal forces since 2018 over what the group claims is the oppression of the Oromo ethnic group.  (“Ethiopia talks with rebel group OLA end without deal,” BBC, 22 November 2023)

Cameroon: Nine people killed in gunmen attack

On 22 November, BBC Africa reported on a gunmen attack in the town of Bamenyam in the west of Cameroon that killed at least nine people. The attacks were carried out in the French-speaking region of Bamboutos by the separatist militants who campaign for an independent region for the English-speaking community. Since 2017, the separatist movement has been ongoing with a minority English-speaking community claiming that the government dominated by the French-speaking community has been marginalising them. The conflict has killed more than 6,000 people. (“Gunmen kill nine in Cameroon market attack,” BBC, 22 November 2023)

South Africa: Motion to end diplomatic ties with Israel

On 22 November, the South African parliament voted for a motion calling to end diplomatic ties with Israel. The motion was passed by 248 votes to 91. The governing party, the African National Congress (ANC), has been critical of Israel’s attacks in Gaza. On 20 November, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa called on the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue an arrest warrant on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for the war crimes in Gaza. Meanwhile, the Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs recalled its ambassador to South Africa “for consultations,” a move it stated as a response to “the latest South African statements.” (“South Africa MPs vote to suspend Israeli ties,” BBC, 22 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Communal clashes kill 32 people in Abyei village

On 20 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 37 people were killed in a gunmen attack in the village of Abyei. One of the UN peacekeepers was also killed during the attack. The attack comes alongside ongoing communal hostilities in the village over land and resources. The village of Abyei is an oil and resources-rich region that lies on the border between Sudan and South Sudan. It is considered to belong to both countries after a peace agreement that was signed in 2005. The previous week, the UN Security Council extended its mandate of the peacekeeping mission in the region for one more year. (“UN peacekeeper among 32 killed in Sudan clashes,” BBC, 20 November 2023

Kenya: Death toll due to floods rise to a dozen

On 20 November, BBC Africa reported that according to the Kenyan government, the death toll due to the heavy rains and floods has risen to ten. The Coast regional police commissioner Rhoda Onyancha stated that more than 20,000 families have been affected by the floods in the counties of Mombasa, Kilfi, Kwale and Tana River. The World Meteorological Organization reported that the heavy rains that are affecting the East African countries including Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia are caused by the El Niño weather phenomenon. (“Kenya flood toll rises as recovery of bodies continues,” BBC, 20 November 2023)

South Africa: Calls on ICC to issue arrest warrant on Netanyahu

On 20 November, the South African government called on the International Criminal Court (ICC) to issue an arrest warrant on Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu for war crimes in Gaza. Minister in the Presidency Khumbudzo Ntshavheni stated that the ICC’s failure to issue arrest warrants would mean a “total failure” in global governance. South Africa, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Comoros and Djibouti referred to the ICC for an investigation of the war crimes and crimes against humanity committed in Gaza. Meanwhile, pro-Palestinian and pro-Israel clashes were reported in the city of Cape Town. In response to the clashes, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa stated that the Israel-Gaza conflict should not “deepen divisions” within South African society. Ramaphosa’s government and African National Congress (ANC) had expressed solidarity with the Palestinian cause. Ramaphosa stated: "Support for the Palestinian struggle cannot be equated with antisemitism.” (“Israel-Gaza conflict should not divide SA - Ramaphosa; SA calls on ICC to issue arrest warrant for Netanyahu,” BBC, 20 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Liberia: Joseph Boakai secures a majority in the run-off elections

On 18 November, the Election Commission of Liberia announced that Joseph Boakai secured a majority of 50.89 per cent votes against George Weah who secured 49.11 per cent during the run-off elections. The commission stated that they have announced the results from 99.58% of the polling stations. The run-off elections were conducted after Boakai and Weah failed to secure a majority of over 50 per cent of the vote during the initial round of elections. Following the announcement, the incumbent President Weah expressed congratulations to Boakai stating: "The Liberian people have spoken and we have heard their voice.” He asserted that the close competition “reveals a deep division within our country" and called on Liberians to "work together to find common ground... unity is paramount for mama Liberia.” (“Liberia election results: President George Weah calls Joseph Boakai to congratulate him,” BBC, 18 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Kenya: Parliament approves police deployment in Haiti

On 17 November, the Kenyan parliament approved the plan to deploy 1,000 police officers to Haiti to quell the gang violence. In September, the deployment plan was approved by the UN Security Council. However, Thirdway Alliance, an opposition party, legally challenged the plan citing it as unconstitutional and that only the military could be deployed outside the country. In October, Kenya’s High Court extended the blocking order on the deployment, reiterating that the deployment could not take place until the ruling in January. Members of the parliament who supported the plan stated that the country is part of the global community and could not ignore requests from other countries. They also asserted Kenya’s history of peacekeeping missions in Somalia, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone. (“Kenya's parliament backs Haiti mission despite court case,” BBC, 17 November 2023)

Sudan: Two rebel groups to fight alongside SAF in the ongoing Civil War. 

On 17 November, Rebel leader Gibril Ibrahim the leader of JEM told the BBC that they would fight with the Sudan Armed Forces(SAF) against the paramilitary force of Rapid Support Force (RSF). This decision came after RSF started to gain many areas of Darfur and SAF’s military base. He added that he couldn’t bear seeing his people buried alive. The Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) and the Sudanese Liberation Movement ( SLM) together fought in previous civil wars and the first genocide in 2003 in Darfur. Now both rebel groups join SAF after seven months of consideration. (“Sudan civil war: Darfur's Jem rebels join army fight against RSF,” BBC, 17 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Ghana: President Nana Akufo-Addo’s push for colonial reparations

On 15 November, Ghana’s President Nana Akufo-Addo urged African and Caribbean countries to demand reparations for the atrocities during colonialism and slavery. He described the assertion as “a valid demand for justice.” The comments were made during the reparations conference held in Ghana’s capital Accra. The conference was attended by leaders of African and Caribbean countries. Akufo-Addo stated: "No amount of money can restore the damage caused by the transatlantic slave trade and its consequences. But surely, this is a matter that the world must confront and can no longer ignore.” In September, during the UN General Assembly Akufo-Addo had commented that “no amount of money would ever make up for the horrors, but it would make the point that evil was perpetrated.” The conference aims to a unified voice to assist African countries that are seeking reparations. (“Ghana's President Akufo-Addo in fresh push for reparations,” BBC, 15 November 2023)

Uganda: Parliament passes bill limiting oil imports through Kenya

On 14 November, Uganda’s parliament passed a bill permitting the state-owned oil company, Uganda National Oil Company (Unoc) to supply oil to the domestic market. Uganda imports 90 per cent of its oil through Kenya’s Mombasa port. According to Uganda’s Minister of Energy, Ruth Nankabirwa, the bill will limit the import of oil through Kenya as it “exposed Uganda to occasional supply vulnerabilities where Ugandan oil marketing companies were considered secondary whenever there were supply disruptions.” Members of the parliament who supported the bill asserted that it would reduce the fuel cost and the “fuel cartels that arbitrarily influence fuel pricing.” (“Uganda MPs approve ending oil imports through Kenya,” BBC, 15 November 2023)

Mali: Army recaptures rebel stronghold Kidal

On 15 November, BBC Africa reported on Mali’s army seizing Kidal, a town in northern Mali which has been under the control of the Tuareg rebels for a decade. The junta stated that the recapturing of the town did not mean the mission was complete. The Permanent Strategic Framework (CSP), an alliance of Tuareg armed groups, stated that they left Kidal “for strategic reasons” and that the “fight continues.” In 2015, an agreement was signed between the Tuareg rebels and the Malian government where many of the rebels were incorporated into the army. However, recently the rebels started remerging after French troops withdrew their troops amid a failure in addressing insurgency and the junta turned to the Russian paramilitary group, Wagner, for assistance. (“Mali army seizes key rebel northern stronghold Kidal,” BBC, 15 November 2023)

Somalia: The UNSC adopts a resolution to extend ATMIS. 

On 15 November, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution to extend the African Union Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) for a period of six months. It will expire on June 30, 2024. Resolution 2710 gives authority for the AU member states to deploy up to 17,626 uniformed personnel to aid ATMIS until 31 December. The phase 2 drawdown adds an additional 3000 personnel as requested by the Somalian government. The resolution further authorises 14,626 personnel from 1 January 2024 to 30 June 2024 and to complete the phase 3 drawdown of 4000 personnel for ATMIS. (Somalia: Votes on the AU Transition Mission in Somalia (ATMIS) and on the Renewal of the Sanctions Regime, Security Council Report, 15 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph and Narmatha S

Ethiopia: Fresh wave of fighting in Amhara

On 14 November, BBC Africa reported that thousands of farmers fled the town of Bure in the Amhara region to Oromia following a fresh wave of fighting with the Amhara regional militia, Fano. The farmers who fled the region told BBC that they were demanded to join the Fano militia and were attacked after they refused to do so. The fighting between Amhara regional forces and the Ethiopian federal forces began in August after the Ethiopian government asked to disarm regional forces and incorporate them into the federal forces. The regional forces refused, citing their defence to other regional militias. (“Thousands flee attacks in Ethiopia's Amhara region,” BBC, 14 November 2023)

Somalia: Floods in East Africa “once-in-a-century-event,” says UN

On 14 November, the UN described the floods in Somalia and the neighbouring countries of Ethiopia and Kenya as a “once-in-a-century-event.” At least 32 people were killed in the floods across the country. The UN warned that nearly 1.6 million people in Somalia are affected by the heavy rains and floods. The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) stated that the devastating flooding is caused by the El Niño effect that is changing the weather patterns across the world. Somalia's President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud stated: “The people have been displaced, homes and properties destroyed, the people are hungry, and that is our problem right now, that is what we are focusing on.” (“Somalis going hungry after floods - president,” BBC, 14 November 2023)

Gabon: Military government announces elections in 2025

On 14 November, the Gabon military leaders announced their plan to hold the election in August 2025 after a two-year transition. General Brice Oligui Nguema carried out a coup in August citing “several institutional crises” under the 55-year-long rule under the Bongo family. The coup faced several regional and international criticism along with pressure to return to civilian rule. The announcement of the transition and the election aim at rebuilding the trust of the international community and the public. (“Gabon elections: Junta plans post-Bongo polls for 2025,” BBC, 14 November 2023)

Ethiopia: Ethiopian Airlines to buy 67 Boeing jets. 

On 14 November, an agreement was signed between Ethiopian Airlines and Boeing at the Dubai Air Show held in Dubai, UAE. The airline has agreed to order 11 787 Dreamliners, 20  737 MAX aeroplanes and 36 more jets marking Boeing’s largest deal by an African country. The 787 Dreamliner reduces fuel usage and emissions by 25 per cent and creates 50 per cent smaller noise footprints compared to the other planes. This would create a better environment performance and comfort for the passengers. The airline aims to strengthen and modernise its fleet. (Ethiopian Airlines Agrees to Landmark Order for Upto 67 Boeing Jets, Ethiopian Monitor, 14 November 2023)

Ethiopia: USAID resumes food aid across Ethiopia. 

On 14 November, the United States Agency for International Development ( USAID) officials announced that they would resume providing food aid across Ethiopia. After the local officials were involved in massive corruption by stealing donated grains, USAID halted delivery for the past five months. The agency has previously sought to remove Ethiopian government officials from having any role in aid processes to stem corruption. The officials say that this is the largest ever food aid theft in the region. This suspension affected 20 million people in Ethiopia who wholly rely on the aid because of conflict and severe drought. (“US to resume food aid deliveries in Ethiopia,” BBC, 14 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: UNHCR expresses concern on increasing violence in Darfur

On 10 November, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) expressed concern about the escalating fighting in the Darfur region of Sudan. It stated that at least 800 people were killed in the recent wave of clashes between the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF). The Roots of Organisation for Human Rights, a local civil society group, claimed that nearly 1,300 people have been killed since 3 November in the city of El Geneina in the state of West Darfur. RSF and its allied Arab militias have been accused of the killings. According to the UNHCR, more than 8,000 people have fled to the neighbouring country Chad; many of them are subjected to sexual violence and torture. (“UN alarmed by violence in Sudan's Darfur region,” BBC, 10 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Heavy fighting in Amhara

On 8 November, BBC Africa reported on heavy fighting in Lalibela, a Unesco heritage site, in Ethiopia, between the federal forces and the Amhara regional militia, Fano. Meanwhile, the residents of the Amhara region reported drone strikes and indiscriminate shelling in the Gojjam, Shoa and Gondar regions of Amhara. The fighting broke out in August after the government directed to integrate regional forces into the federal forces. The Fano militia claim that the integration will threaten their local defence to other regional militias including the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and Oromo Liberation Army (OLA). The Ethiopian Human Rights Commission (EHRC) has accused the federal forces and Fano militia of committing human rights atrocities. The Ethiopian government denied the accusations describing it as “unbalanced.” According to EHRC, more than 3,000 people have fled the region since the beginning of the conflict. (“Lalibela fighting: Amhara Fano militia and Ethiopian army clash in historic town,” BBC, 8 November 2023)

Horn of Africa: Flash floods in Somalia, Kenya and Ethiopia

On 8 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 29 people were killed in flash floods followed by heavy rains in Somalia. The Somali National Disaster Management Agency (SoDMA) stated that at least 850,000 people are affected by the floods. The Somali government has declared an emergency in the states of Jubbaland, Hirshabelle South West and Galmudug. The flash floods were caused by the overflowing of the Juba and Shabelle rivers following heavy rains. Meanwhile, flash floods are also reported in neighbouring Kenya and Ethiopia. On 6 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 15 people were killed in Kenya in flash floods. According to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) El Niño weather phenomenon is behind the heavy rains and is likely to continue until April 2024. (“Call for action in Kenya as El Niño causes havoc,” BBC, 8 November)

Uganda: The UK and the US issue security alert

On 8 November, the UK High Commission in Uganda issued  a security alert citing the “growing terror threat in Uganda, including the targeting of foreigners.” Additionally, the US embassy in Uganda issued a similar security alert. Both countries advised their citizens not to attend larger gatherings including worship events. The UK government warned its citizens against visiting Semuliki National Park and Queen Elizabeth National Park. The development comes after a British and South African couple were killed in an Allied Democratic Force (ADF) attack in September. ADF attacks in western Uganda have increased recently, heightening the insecurity situation in the country. In June, at least 42 people were killed in an ADF attack in a school in western Uganda. (“UK, US issue fresh security alert for Uganda,” BBC, 8 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Recalls diplomats from Israel

On 7 November, BBC Africa reported on South Africa recalling all of its diplomats to Israel following the Israel-Gaza war. The South African Minister of Foreign Affairs stated: "We are... extremely concerned at the continued killing of children and innocent civilians in the Palestinian territories and we believe the nature of response by Israel has become one of collective punishment. We felt it important that we do signal the concern of South Africa while continuing to call for a comprehensive cessation [of hostilities]." Meanwhile, the Israeli Minister of Foreign Affairs responded: "Israel expects South Africa to condemn Hamas, which is worse than Isis, and to respect Israel's right to defend itself against an attack by a horrific terrorist organisation that has engraved on its flag a call for the destruction of the State of Israel.” (“South Africa recalls all diplomats from Israel,” BBC, 7 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Africa: Czech Republic Prime Minister Petr Fiala visits Ethiopia, Kenya, Ghana and Ivory Coast

On 5 November, Czech Republic Prime Minister Petr Fiala began his eight-day visit to Africa. His visit began with the inauguration of the Czech-Ethiopian Business Forum in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia hosting 14 Czech 40 Ethiopian entrepreneurs. In Ethiopia, he emphasised the potential for cooperation in the health and defence sectors. Besides Ethiopia,, he visited Kenya, Ghana and the Ivory Coast. Fiala’s visit aims to encourage the development of commercial and trade ties between the Czech Republic and African countries. He stated: “The visit to Africa will follow the same format as my visit to Asia, which brought a number of concrete [positive] results for Czech companies. We must change our [outdated] approach to [cooperation with states in] Africa. Africa has great potential for our companies.” (“Czech PM to visit African countries to expand trade relations,” Report, 6 November 2023) 

Nigeria: Ten people killed in suspected Boko Haram attack

On 6 November, BBC Africa reported that at least ten people were killed in a suspected Boko Haram attack in the village of Zabarmari in the state of Borno in Nigeria. A farmer told BBC that the militants riding motorbikes looted and attacked the village. (“Farmers hacked to death in north-eastern Nigeria,” BBC, 6 November 2023)

Cameroon: 20 people killed in separatist attack

On 6 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 20 people were killed in a separatist attack in the Manyu region of Cameroon. The militants injured several others and set ablaze many houses. Since 2017, Ambazonia Defense Forces (ADF) has been carrying out separatist movements in two Anglophone regions of Cameroon- Yaounde and Manyu against the government. According to BBC, the conflict has left at least 6,000 people dead and thousands displaced. (“Cameroon homes torched in deadly separatist raid,” BBC, 6 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: RSF claims it aims to capture the entire Sudan

On 3 November, the deputy commander of Sudan’s paramilitary, Rapid Support Forces (RSF), Abdel Rahim Hamdan Daglo, announced that they would continue to fight against the Sudanese Armed Forces until they captured all the states of Sudan. Dagalo’s announcement came after they made significant advancements in the Darfur states. He stated: “We will move towards other remaining states and [army] headquarters, and they will be under our control, God willing.” (“Paramilitary RSF says it aims to capture all of Sudan,” BBC, 3 November 2023)

Equatorial Guinea: President’s Visit to Russia

On 3 November, BBC Africa reported on Russian President Vladimir Putin holding a meeting with Equatoguinean President Teodoro Obiang Nguema in Moscow on 2 November. During the meeting, Putin expressed Russia’s “serious” interests in extracting mineral resources in Equatorial Guinea. Putin stated: "The potential investment capacity is big, and your country's capacity in developing these relations is also good. I am referring to the potential to do with, above all, the extraction of mineral resources.” President Nguema welcomed Russian investments in the country. (“Russia is interested in E Guinea's minerals - Putin,” BBC, 3 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Nigeria: At least 37 killed in Boko Haram attack

On 2 November, BBC Africa reported that at least 37 people were killed in a series of attacks by the Boko Haram militant group. On 30 November, 17 people were killed during a raid in the village of Gurokayeya in the state of Yobe. Later, another 20 people who were returning after the funeral service of the victims of the 30 November attack were killed by the same militants. According to the police, the militants carried out the attack after the victims refused to pay what they term as “harvest tax.” (“Boko Haram kills 37 in Nigeria's Yobe state - police,” BBC, 2 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Tuareg rebels claim control of Kidal

On 1 November, BBC Africa reported that Mali Tuareg rebels claimed that they had taken control of the Kidal base which was used by the UN peacekeepers. Previously, the UN mission in Mali (Minusma) reported on its complete withdrawal from the base after two attacks that were carried out by the militants in the town of Gao. This is reportedly the third camp that the militants have taken over following the halting of the mission. The other camps were in the towns of Tessalit and Aguelhok. The separatists recently resumed their campaign in the region after withdrawing from the ceasefire with Malian authorities following the withdrawal of French and UN troops. (“Mali rebels claim control of Kidal base after UN exit,” BBC, 1 November 2023)

Nigeria: Worsening Child Nutrition

On 1 November, FHI 360, a non-governmental organisation, reported that the number of cases of severe malnutrition among children aged under five is increasing in Nigeria. It stated that nearly 15,781 children diagnosed with malnutrition were admitted to its several facilities between February and September this year. According to the organisation, it depicts an increase of 160 per cent compared to last year. The organisation stated: “The situation in north-east Nigeria is grave, and increased support is needed to address the critical health and nutritional needs of communities, especially women and children.” The UN International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) previously stated that two million children in Nigeria suffer from malnutrition and that only 20 per cent receive proper treatment. (“Child malnutrition 'rises by 160% in parts of Nigeria',” BBC, 1 November 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

US to remove four countries from Agoa

On 31 October, US President Joe Biden announced that the US will remove Uganda, Gabon, Niger and the Central African Republic from the US-Africa trade programme. Biden stated that those countries are involved in “gross violations” of human rights. In 2000, the US introduced the African Growth and Opportunity Act (Agoa). It gives duty-free access to more than 1,800 US-based products. Biden stated that Niger and Gabon are ineligible to Agoa as they “"have not established, or are not making continual progress toward establishing the protection of political pluralism and the rule of law.” Additionally, CAR and Uganda carry out  "gross violations of internationally recognised human rights.” (“US to remove Uganda and three other African countries from Agoa trade deal,” BBC, 31 October 2023)

Tanzania: German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier’s visit

On 31 October, German President Frank-Walter Steinmeier began his three-day visit to Tanzania. He expressed “shame” over the colonial atrocities Germany carried out in Tanzania. More than 300,000 people were killed during the Maji Maji anti-colonial rebellion in the 1900s in Tanzania. Steinmeier stated: "What happened here is our shared history, the history of your ancestors and the history of our ancestors in Germany. I would like to ask for forgiveness for what Germans did to your ancestors here.” In 2021, Germany acknowledged the genocide it carried out in Namibia in 1994 and announced reparations worth USD 1.34 billion. (Germany asks forgiveness for Tanzania colonial crimes, BBC, 31 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: King Charles visit 

On 29 October, King Charles and Queen Camillia began their four-day visit to Kenya. During the visit, he acknowledged the “painful aspects” of Britain's colonial rule in Kenya. More than 10,000 people were killed during the suppression of the Mau Mau uprising in the 1950. In 2013, the UK paid reparations worth USD 24 million to around 5,000 people. The response to the visit is divided. One section believes that the visit will be a new beginning to Kenya-Britain relations. The other section believes that the visit will be an insult to the painful past of the colonial era. (“King Charles Kenya trip: Mau Mau uprising hangs over visit,” BBC, 29 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: US and Saudi Arabia to resume peace talks

On 26 October, the US and Saudi Arabia announced that they will resume peace talks in Jeddah to reach a ceasefire in Sudan. Representatives of Sudanese Armed Forces and Rapid Support Forces have agreed to attend the peace talks.  Previous peace talks held in Jeddah were ineffective after the warring sides failed to commit to the agreed ceasefires. The conflict between the two military factions has reached a sixth month leaving 9,000 people dead. Meanwhile, the same day, BBC Africa reported that the RSF has taken control of the Nyala town in the state of South Darfur. (“Sudan army, RSF to resume peace talks in Jeddah,” BBC, 26 October 2023)

South Africa: World Bank to provide loan for power crisis

On 26 October, the World Bank announced that it will loan USD one billion to South Africa to assist the country in addressing the long unresolved power crisis. The World Bank stated: “The loan endorses a significant and strategic response to South Africa’s ongoing energy crisis and the country’s goal of transitioning to a just and low carbon economy.” 80 per cent of the country’s energy production depends on coal, making the country the 14th largest emitter of carbon dioxide. (“SA gets $1bn World Bank loan to tackle power crisis,” BBC, 26 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Tanzania: Deal with UAE giant DP World

On 23 October, United Arab Emirates (UAE) maritime giant DP World signed a multimillion-dollar deal with Tanzania. The deal worth USD 250 million will give the DP World the managing authority of the Dar es Salaam port for the next 30 years. The deal has sparked several criticisms  that it "violated Tanzania's constitution and endangers national sovereignty.” However, the high court of the town of Mbedya has dismissed the petition demanding to halt the deal. The Dp World, owned by Emirati ruling families, has port operations in Angola, Djibouti, Egypt, Morocco, Mozambique, Senegal and Somalia. In 2021, it promised to invest USD one billion in Africa. (“DP World in Tanzania: The UAE firm taking over Africa's ports,” BBC, 23 October 2023)

DRC: ADF attack, M23 resurgence and tensions with East African force

On 24 October, BBC Africa reported that at least 23 civilians were killed in a rebel attack in the town of Oicha in the Beni region of eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The Congolese government attributed the attack to the Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), a Uganda-based rebel group linked to Islamic State  active in the region. Meanwhile, on 23 October, BBC Africa reported on a new wave of fighting in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo between the government forces and March23 (M23) rebels. According to the report, the rebels have captured the town of Kitshanga in the province of North Kivu. An unnamed security source informed AFP news agency: "The rebels are in Kitshanga and we are trying to find a way to retake the town.” Previous week, the Congolese government had asked the East African force to leave the country by December owing to its failure in addressing the M23 unrest. Forces from Kenya, Burundi, Uganda and South Sudan have been deployed in the eastern DRC against the M23 campaign in November 2022. However, the rebel campaign has worsened in the provinces of Ituri and North Kivu with the Rwandan government allegedly supporting the rebels. According to the UN refugee agency, more than 6.2 million people have been displaced due to the insurgency in the region. (“Islamists kill 23 in morning attack - DR Congo mayor,” BBC, 24 October 2023)

Cameroon: 40 people kidnapped in Touboro

On 24 October, BBC Africa reported that at least 40 Chadian and Cameroonian citizens were kidnapped by the bandits in the town of Touboro in Cameroon. Mayor of the town, Celestin Yandal, told BBC that the bandits targeted the Chadian traders who were returning from Touboro market. Cameroon and Chad share 1,100 kilometres of borders which are prone to ransom kidnappings. (“Bandits in Cameroon kidnap around 40 people - mayor,” BBC, 24 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: New wave of fighting in eastern DRC

On 23 October, BBC Africa reported on the eruption of a new wave of fighting in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo between the government forces and M23 rebels. According to the report, the rebels have captured the town of Kitshanga in the province of North Kivu. An unnamed security source informed AFP news agency: "The rebels are in Kitshanga and we are trying to find a way to retake the town.” The resumed fighting has disrupted a six-month truce. Previous week, the Congolese government had asked the East African force to leave the country by December owing to its failure in addressing the M23 unrest. Forces from Kenya, Burundi, Uganda and South Sudan have been deployed in the eastern DRC against M23 rebels in November 2022. However, the rebel campaign has worsened in the provinces of Ituri and North Kivu with the Rwandan government allegedly supporting the rebels. According to the UN refugee agency, more than 6.2 million people have been displaced due to the insurgency in the region. (“Rebels recapture DR Congo town in fresh fighting,” BBC, 23 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Egypt: Hosts Cairo Peace Summit

On 21 October, the Cairo Peace Summit was held in the Egyptian capital Cairo. South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and leaders from Jordan, France, Germany, Russia, China, the US, the US and Qatar attended the summit along with the UN and the EU officials. The summit aims to discuss ways to de-escalate the Israel-Palestine conflict and the urgent need for humanitarian support. Ramaphosa asserted that his country could bring out its experience of conflict resolution in Africa and mediate peace talks between the conflicting parties. Previously, the Egyptian government had raised concern over the mass exodus of Palestinians through the Rafah border crossing between Gaza and Egypt. On 18 October, Egyptian President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi stated that his country would oppose the forced displacement of Palestinians into Sinai which would create a threat to the Egyptian peninsula turning into a base for attacks against Israel. (“World leaders attend Cairo peace summit to ‘de-escalate’ Israel-Hamas war,” Al Jazeera, 21 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: The US calls on RSF to stop shelling civilian regions

On 20 October, the US called on the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), a paramilitary group fighting against the Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) in Sudan to stop shelling in civilian regions stating that it was “deepening the suffering of the Sudanese people.” The Department of State commented: "The United States calls on the RSF to immediately cease shelling of civilian neighbourhoods and to protect civilians in Nyala, Omdurman, and throughout Sudan.” The RSF and SAF have been fighting since April, a conflict that according to the UN has killed more than 5000 people and displaced nearly five million. Recently, RSF increased its attacks in the civilian regions near Omdurman and Bahri to weaken the SAF held regions. (“US urges Sudan's RSF to stop shelling civilian areas,” BBC, 20 October 2023)

Somaliland: Tensions with Somalia

On 20 October, Somaliland condemned the move by the Somali government announcing that it would work with self-declared administration in the disputed regions of Somaliland including Sool, Sanaag and Ayn (SSC-Khatumo). Somaliland claimed that the move is a "deliberate attack on Somaliland's statehood and territorial integrity.” Although the Somali government did not recognise the self-declared regions, it welcomed the formation of the SSC Khatumo. Somaliland authority stated: "The government of Somaliland firmly asserts that neither Somalia nor the clan militia have jurisdiction or claim over Las Anod.” In 1991, Somaliland unilaterally claimed autonomy from Somalia and has since been seeking international recognition. (“Somaliland accuses Somalia of 'attack' on its statehood,” BBC, 20 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

South Africa: Talks with Ukrainian president on revival of grain deal

On 17 October, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky held talks on the revival of the Black Sea Grain Initiative. Both leaders agreed to work together on the revival of the deal. Additionally, Ramphosa emphasised on the commitment to the Africa Peace Initiative, a proposal by seven African countries as a basis for peace. The development comes after Kenyan President William Ruto's statement last month on Ukraine agreeing to set up a grain hub in the port of Mombasa aiming to supply the East African region. (“SA and Ukraine leaders discuss grain deal revival,” BBC, 19 October 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Protest against East African force

On 19 October, BBC Africa reported on a protest in Democratic Republic of Congo against the East African force. The protests are led by a coalition of civil societies in the country against the failure of the regional force in dealing with the M23 rebels. Forces from Kenya, Burundi, Uganda and South Sudan have been deployed in the eastern DRC against M23 rebels in November 2022. However, the rebel campaign has worsened in the provinces of Ituri and North Kivu with the Rwandan government allegedly supporting the rebels. According to the UN refugee agency, more than 6.2 million people have been displaced due to the insurgency in the region. (“Congolese protest against East African force,” BBC, 19 October 2023)

Kenya: President signs new health legislation

On 19 October, Kenyan President William Ruto approved the new health legislation. The new scheme would require all workers to contribute 2.75 per cent of their wage towards a new health fund. The government aims to make healthcare easily accessible to poor Kenyans. However, the scheme faces major criticism with many Kenyans considering it as a new tax. They claim that the new policy is against the promises he made during the election to ease financial difficulties. Others fear that it will be beset by corruption. (“Kenya healthcare: President William Ruto signs controversial UHC bills,” BBC, 19 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Zimbabwe: Four children killed in heavy rains

On 18 October, BBC Africa reported on heavy rains in the provinces of Manicaland and Midlands in Zimbabwe. Five children were killed in the heavy rains and lightning. Meanwhile, heavy rains were also reported in the neighbouring country, South Africa, in the provinces of KwaZulu-Natal and Eastern Cape. In September, at least 11 people were killed in heavy rains in the province of Western Cape in South Africa. (“Five children killed amid heavy rains in Zimbabwe,” BBC, 18 October 2023)

Nigeria: To distribute USD 1.5 billion to poor

On 18 October, the Nigerian government announced that it will begin distributing USD 1.5 billion to 15 million financially struggling households. According to the Ministry of Finance, eligible families will receive USD 32 for three-months. Nearly 62 million Nigerians belong to vulnerable households in Nigeria where the total population is 200 million. The scheme aims to assist families facing economic hardships due to the removal of a fuel subsidy in May. (“Nigeria to start distributing $1.5bn cash to the poor,” BBC, 18 October 2023)

Guinea-Bissau: Power crisis amid unpaid bills

On 18 October, BBC Africa reported on Guinea-Bissau’s power crisis due to unpaid bills. A Turkish firm, Karpowership, has been providing five per cent of the country's electricity needs. However, the country failed to pay a bill of USD 15 million plunging the city into constant power cuts. The Ministry of Economy asserted that the bills will be settled within 15 days. Energy Minister Isuf Balde stated: "In a small and poor country like Guinea-Bissau, carrying out a transfer operation of this level, $10m, takes time.” A Karpowership spokesperson stated: "Unfortunately, following a protracted period of non-payment, our [floating power plant] is now unable to continue operating, we are working around the clock with officials to resolve this issue and we aim to have generation back online as soon as possible." (“Guinea-Bissau capital without power over unpaid bill to Turkey's Karpowership,” BBC, 18 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Mozambique: Opposition protests against election irregularities

On 17 October, BBC Africa reported on protests in Mozambique’s capital Maputo. The protests were carried out by the opposition party, Renamo, against the elections held on 13 October which they claimed were rigged and favoured the ruling party, Frelimo. Meanwhile, the police fired tear gas against the protesters injuring several. An unnamed protester stated: "They didn’t need to do this, after all, isn’t this democracy? We are marching peacefully and we don’t want problems with anyone.” Renamo failed to secure any seats this term although it governed seven municipalities previously. Leader of Renamo, Ossufo Momade, asserted that they will continue the protests until the “election truth” is uncovered. (“Dozens injured as riot police tear-gas election protests,” BBC, 17 October 2023)

Nigeria: Gunmen abduct 50 people

On 17 October, BBC Africa reported that at least 50 people including women and children were abducted by gunmen in the state of Zamfara in Nigeria. The incident happened after armed men stormed the village of Bagega on motorcycles. At least three people were killed and several others were injured after the gunmen used weapons indiscriminately and set houses on fire. Kidnappings for ransom are common in northwestern Nigeria. It is carried out by armed men, also known as bandits, who target villages and schools. There has been a relative lull in ransom kidnapping for the past few months. However, the latest development is concerning considering the worsening security situation in West Africa followed by the coup in Niger and the withdrawal of the UN and French troops. (“Armed men kidnap 50 people in north-west Nigeria,” BBC, 17 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Eritrea against Prime Minister Abiy’s Red Sea remark 

On 16 October, the Eritrean government commented that they would not be “drawn into” discussions on Ethiopia’s access to the Red Sea. The tensions come after Ethiopia's Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated that access to the Red Sea is “a matter of existence” for his country. He stated: "The Red Sea and the Nile River define Ethiopia. They are the foundations for Ethiopia's development or its demise.” Ethiopia is a landlocked country that depends on Djibouti for 85 per cent of its exports and imports. (“Eritrea responds to Abiy's controversial Red Sea remark,” BBC, 16 October 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: DRC-Uganda new scheme of visa-free travel

On 16 October, Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda governments announced their agreement for visa-free travel between the countries. The agreement aims at free movement of people and strengthening trade. Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni has been promoting the idea of visa-free entry for months. Previously he stated: “Crossing in East Africa should be cost-free. You pay for a visa when going to America, or Europe, but a visa to DR Congo?! That is rubbish. If that is the case, I have removed it.” (“Uganda and DR Congo agree on visa-free travel,” BBC, 16 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: Russia to build nuclear power plant

On 13 October, the Burkina Faso junta signed a deal with Russia to build a nuclear power plant in the country. The development comes after Putin’s talks with Burkinabe military ruler Captain Ibrahim Traore during the Russia-Africa summit held in Moscow in July. Capt Traore stated: "We have a critical need for energy, this is an important point for me because we need, if possible, to build a nuclear power station in Burkina Faso to produce electricity." He added: "Our position is rather strategic because we are in the heart of West Africa and we have an energy deficit in the sub-region." The deal aims to achieve 95 per cent electricity access in urban areas and 30 per cent in rural areas by 2030. The country’s ties with Russia strengthened after the coup in 2022 and the worsened ties with France. (“Burkina Faso to sign nuclear power deal with Russia,” BBC, 13 October 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: To ease restrictions in conflict-hit regions ahead of elections

On 13 October, Democratic Republic of Congo government announced the reduction of restrictions in the conflict hit regions. A state of siege or martial law has been imposed in the provinces of North Kivu and Ituri for the past two years after multiple insurgent groups created unrest in the region. President Felix Tshisekedi announced the lifting of the restrictions to allow the free movement of people and goods and to restore peaceful demonstration and assembly ahead of the upcoming presidential elections. He stated: "This is all the more important as the various players involved in the electoral process are entitled to participate fully and without hindrance.” (“DR Congo to ease restrictions in conflict-hit region,” BBC, 13 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Madagascar: Tensions delays elections

On 12 October, BBC Africa reported that the constitutional court of Madagascar postponed the presidential election by a week. The elections will be held on 16 November. Political tensions have been rising in the country with the opposition staging protests over the irregularities in the election process. (“Tension as Madagascar delays election by a week,” BBC, 12 October 2023)

Nigeria: 600 killed in diphtheria outbreak

On 12 October, BBC Africa reported that at least 600 people including children have died in Nigeria after the outbreak of diphtheria in December 2022. The epicentre of the disease is in the state of Kano in northern Nigeria where more than 500 deaths were reported. Diphtheria is a highly contagious disease that is spread by coughs and sneezes or through close contact with an infected person. According to Primary Health Care Development Agency head, Dr Faisal Shuaib, the disease is preventable through vaccines. However, the majority of the children in the country have not received vaccination. He stated: "Witnessing the young children suffering from this entirely preventable disease at the centre today was profoundly heart-wrenching.” (“Nigeria diphtheria outbreak kills 600,” BBC, 12 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Military leader discuss ties with Russian president

On 11 October, BBC Africa reported on a telephone conversation between Malian military leader Colonel Assimi Goita and Russian President Vladimir Putin. They discussed economic and security cooperation. Goita stated: “During a telephone conversation, I spoke to President Putin about our cooperation in the economic, security and counter-terrorism fields. I expressed my gratitude for all the support Russia is giving Mali.” The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated: The two leaders "reaffirmed their mutual commitment to further enhance trade and economic relations, cooperation in providing security, and fighting terrorism. The Mali side expressed appreciation for the diverse assistance provided by Russia.” (“Mali junta chief and Russian president discuss ties,” BBC, 11 October 2023)

Niger: Military orders UN mission leader to leave

On 11 October, the Niger junta ordered the head of the UN diplomatic mission in the country to leave within 72 hours. Niger’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs accused the UN of using “underhanded manoeuvres” carried out by France to halt Niger from participating in the UN General Assembly in September. (“Junta orders UN boss to leave Niger within 72 hours,” BBC, 11 October 2023)

Kenya: King Charles visit

On 11 October, BBC reported on UK’s King Charles visit to Kenya later in October. He will be accompanied by Queen Camilla during the four-day visit. The visit also comes alongside Kenya marking its 60th anniversary of independence from Britain. King Charles' office commented that he will acknowledge the “painful aspects” of the colonial history of Kenya during the visit. Deputy private secretary to the King, Chris Fitzgerald, stated: "The King and Queen's programme will celebrate the close links between the British and Kenyan people in areas such as the creative arts, technology, enterprise, education and innovation. The visit will also acknowledge the more painful aspects of the UK and Kenya's shared history, including the Emergency (1952-1960). His Majesty will take time during the visit to deepen his understanding of the wrongs suffered in this period by the people of Kenya." (“King Charles to make state visit to Kenya,” BBC, 11 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: France begins to withdraw its troops

On 10 October, BBC Africa reported that France has begun withdrawing its troops from Niger after increased tensions between the countries following the coup in July. The French chief of staff spokesperson stated: “The first troops have left.” Nearly 1,500 French troops have been fighting insurgency in the region since 2015. Meanwhile, the US announced the suspension of USD 500 million aid to Niger over the military coup. The US Department of State stated that aid to Niger would only be resumed if a democratic government is reestablished. US Department of State spokesperson Matthew Miller stated: “Any resumption of US assistance will require action to usher in democratic governance in a quick and credible timeframe.” Meanwhile, Algeria announced the suspension of its mediation on the political crisis in Niger. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that the declaration by Niger junta opting a three year transition has raised “legitimate questions about their real willingness to follow through on their acceptance of Algerian mediation.” (“Algeria suspends mediation over Niger coup crisis,” BBC, 10 October 2023; “First French troops have left Niger - report,” BBC, 10 October 2023)

Liberia: Presidential and parliamentary elections

On 10 October, Liberia conducted its presidential and parliamentary elections. According to the National Election Commission (NEC), nearly 2.4 million people are registered to vote. President George Weah, a former football player, is seeking a second six-year term. He is running against the main opposition leader and former Vice-President, Joseph Boakai. Weah came to power in 2017 after securing 61 per cent of the votes defeating Boakai. The EU, the AU, ECOWAS and the US have deployed observers to oversee the elections. The NEC will begin publishing the results on 17 October. (“Liberia elections: Voters head to polls as George Weah faces Joseph Boakai,” BBC, 10 October 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: Calls on East African force to leave

On 10 October, the Democratic Republic of Congo government asserted that the East African regional force has been unable to address the security situation in the eastern part of the country and demanded the force to leave by December. Government spokesperson Patrick Muyaya stated: "They have not been able to resolve the problem.” He added that the heads of the East African Community (EAC) “should rule on the incapacity of the regional force.” The troops from Uganda, Burundi, South Sudan and Kenya have been fighting the M23 rebel campaign in the region since November 2022. DRC continues its rift with neighbouring Rwanda over the allegations of the Rwandan government supporting the M23 rebels. (“DR Congo wants 'incapable' East African force to leave,” BBC, 10 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Jerry Franklin

Niger: Sanctions compel a 40 percent reduction in the budget

On 9 October, BBC reported that the Niger administration cut its budget by 40 percent due to the impact of sanctions and the withdrawal of aid following the coup. The military junta announced a reduction in its budget for 2023 from USD 5.3 billion (Euro 4.3 billion) to USD 3.2 billion. President Mohamed Bazoum was deposed in a coup, prompting regional and international penalties such as border closures, asset freezes, and the suspension of aid delivery. Due to trade limitations, the country has seen rising food and commodity prices as well as a shortage of medications. The budget cuts would exacerbate Niger's deteriorating economic condition. (“Niger cuts its budget by 40% as sanctions bite,” BBC, 9 October 2023)

Burkina Faso: Security forces kill a commander linked to failed coup attempt

On 9 October, BBC reported that the security forces in Burkina Faso executed commander Ismael Tohobougo, suspected of taking part in a coup attempt in September. Tohobougou had been on the run ever since the military prosecutor had called him in for interrogation. Tohobougou was charged with taking part in an attempted coup against Capt. Ibrahim Traore among other military officers. Additionally, the suspension of several army personnel connected to the coup attempt was disclosed by the country’s Defense Ministry on 6 October. The National Gendarmerie's Chief of Staff, Lt. Col. Evrard Somda, was fired and Lt. Col. Kouagri Natama replaced him. (“Burkina Faso commander linked to failed coup killed - army,” BBC, 9 October 2023)

Kenya: Court halts the deployment of police officers to Haiti

On 9 October, BBC reported that the deployment of Kenyan police officers to Haiti had been halted by a Kenyan court awaiting the verdict of an appeal. The judge emphasised the appeal's grounds as being of public and national importance. According to former presidential candidate Ekuru Aukot's petition, the intended deployment is unconstitutional as he claims that normal police officers could not be assigned to international missions. Additionally, Aukot criticized that the country cannot afford to lose 1,000 police officers as it already deals with insecurity and ethnic clashes internally. The court would provide additional instructions at the end of October. (“Kenya court puts a hold on police deployment to Haiti,” BBC, 9 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Jerry Franklin

Cameroon: Armed rebels kill two civilians 

On 6 October, BBC reported that the armed separatists in Cameroon's English-speaking region executed two people suspected of spying for the army. An official claimed that investigations were ongoing in the northwest hamlet of Guzang. Since 2017, separatists have been engaged in conflict in the two English-speaking regions of Cameroon against the Francophone-dominated government. Over 800,000 individuals have been displaced due to the fighting. Rights organizations have denounced separatists and government forces for burning down houses and schools, raping women, and carrying out violent crimes. (“Cameroon rebels kill civilians accused of spying,” BBC, 6 October 2023)

Kenya: Security forces deployed in Ethiopia following deadly clashes

On 6 October, BBC reported that Kenya had dispatched several specialised security forces to control the rising communal conflicts in the western town of Sondu, Ethiopia. Seven people have died and several more have been forced to flee their homes due to the clashes that erupted on 4 October. Interior Minister Kithure Kindiki stated: “Lives have been lost, property destroyed and civil order grossly undermined during the past two days.” (“Kenya deploys police units after deadly ethnic clashes,” BBC, 6 October 2023)

Ethiopia: US reboots food assistance to asylum seekers

On 6 October, the US declared that it would resume providing food aid for refugees in Ethiopia after a five-month halt due to the pillaging of food aid. The United States Agency for International Development (USAID) stated that the decision to restart assistance came after the strengthened improvements to the refugee food assistance program, including increased program monitoring, reinforced commodities tracking, and enhanced registration procedures by the Ethiopian government. Additionally, USAID stated that Ethiopia has delegated control over the distribution and storage of food supplies. The restart of aid would benefit hundreds of thousands of refugees residing in Ethiopia, most of whom are from Sudan, South Sudan, Somalia, and Eritrea. Since the aid was halted, at least 1,400 people in the region have died from starvation in the Tigray region. (“US resumes food aid to refugees in Ethiopia,” BBC, 6 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Jerry Franklin

Ethiopia: Human rights group condemns the end of UN-backed inquiry 

On 5 October, BBC reported that the human rights groups condemned the UN member countries for not extending the UN's investigation into abuses committed in Ethiopia. The mandate of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (ICHREE) is set to expire later this month. ICHREE accused the Ethiopian military of committing war crimes during the Tigray War. Additionally, ICHREE claimed that Eritrean soldiers were responsible for several sexual assaults and blamed Tigrayan insurgents for committing serious crimes. The chair of the ICHREE, Mohamed Chande Othman, stated: “Our report shows that the overwhelming majority of risk factors for future atrocity crimes are present in Ethiopia, including ongoing serious violations, widespread violence and instability, and deeply entrenched impunity.” Ethiopia has condemned ICHREE's operations, accusing them of partiality. (“Criticism as UN-backed probe into Ethiopia to end,” BBC, 5 October 2023)

Kenya: Odinga criticizes the UN peacekeeping mission in Haiti

On 5 October, BBC reported that  Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga stated the country's decision to lead a peacekeeping mission in Haiti to combat gang violence a mistake. Odinga stated: “Before you even come to Africa, Haiti is at the doorstep of the United States which is the most powerful nation in the world. What is it that is so unique about Kenya that it is being chosen to lead the multinational force in Haiti? The problem in Haiti is political, it does not just require guns, it requires talks.” Additionally, Odinga warned that the proposed deployment put the lives of Kenyan police officers at peril because of the increasing violence in Haiti. The UN Security Council authorized the deployment of a Kenya-led peacekeeping mission for a year, with a review after nine months.  President William Ruto of Kenya promised not to let the people of Haiti down. (“Haiti crisis not Kenya's priority - Odinga,” BBC, 5 October 2023)

Mauritius: Court revokes anti-homosexuality law

On 5 October, BBC reported that the Supreme Court ruled that Section 250 of the Mauritian Criminal Code from 1898 was unconstitutional on 4 October. The Supreme Court ruled that the statute that was repealed did not represent any traditional Mauritian beliefs but rather was a legacy of British colonialism. The Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAids) stated: “The UN welcomes the decision of Mauritius to join the growing list of African countries protecting the human rights of everyone, including LGBTQI+ people.” (“Mauritius repeals colonial-era anti-homosexuality law,” BBC, 5 October 2023)

Gabon: Appointment to the national assembly will begin shortly, says interim president

On 5 October, BBC reported that the interim president of Gabon, General Brice Oligui Nguema, stated that the transitional National Assembly and Senate would shortly have representatives selected, reiterating his administration's dedication to social engagement. Gen Nguema appointed the chairperson of both legislative bodies in September, allowing the possibility for additional selections of parliamentarians. Gen Nguema announced the decision after meeting with Central African Republic President Faustin-Archange Touadera on 5 October. Following talks with the leaders of Congo-Brazzaville and Equatorial Guinea, Gen Nguema visited the CAR to ask for cooperation in getting regional organizations to suspend their sanctions against Gabon in the wake of the coup. (“Gabon's interim president announces assembly appointments,” BBC, 5 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Jerry Franklin

Sudan: Ethiopia’s embassy sustains damage during an attack in Khartoum

On 4 October, BBC reported that an attack with heavy weaponry destroyed Ethiopia's embassy in Sudan’s capital, Khartoum. Ethiopian ambassador to Sudan Yibeltal Aimiro Alemu stated: “No casualties were reported from Tuesday’s onslaught but the embassy was partially damaged.” The paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) of Sudan blamed the army for the attack. According to the UN, the fighting between warring sides has killed over 5,000 people and displaced five million people since the conflict erupted in mid-April. (“Ethiopia's embassy in Sudan damaged in attack,” BBC, 4 October 2023)

Egypt: Protests led to the detention of 400 individuals

On 4 October, BBC reported that 400 individuals had been detained in Egypt’s north-western city of Marsa Matrouh as a result of rioting after President Abdul Fattah al-Sisi declared his intention to seek a third term. Sisi was the former army chief who has been in command since Mohammed Morsi's removal from office in 2013 amid widespread opposition to his administration. Protesters claim that throughout Sisi's tenure, all dissent was ruthlessly repressed, and the Egyptian economy has been wholly disintegrated. Egypt is set to hold presidential elections in December 2023. (“Egypt presidential bid protests 'led to 400 arrests',” BBC, 4 October 2023)

Liberia: UN expresses concern over violence ahead of elections

On 4 October, BBC reported that the UN expressed concern over increasing violence in Liberia ahead of elections. The United Nations Human Rights Office (OHCHR) stated that confrontations between members of the opposition Unity Party and the ruling Coalition for Democratic Change resulted in two fatalities and twenty people sustained injuries in the Foya district on 29 September. Additionally, OHCHR stated that there were further violent outbursts in the counties of Nimba, Montserrado, and Grand Cape Mount ahead of the general elections on 10 October. UN Human Rights Office spokesperson Seif Magango stated: “Our office has also documented eight attacks on journalists by various political actors, two of which resulted in injuries.” (“UN condemns 'election-related violence' in Liberia,” BBC, 4 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

By Jerry Franklin

Niger: 29 soldiers killed in an alleged armed group attack

On 3 October, Al Jazeera reported that the country of Niger declared three days of national mourning following the death of 29 soldiers in an alleged jihadist attack on 2 October. Niger’s Ministry of Defence issued a broadcast statement claiming that improvised explosive devices and kamikaze vehicles were used by more than a hundred terrorists in the attack in western Niger. Additionally, the ministry stated that dozens of terrorists were killed and two soldiers were critically injured. The incident took place during military operations aimed at eliminating the threat posed by the armed group ISIL (ISIS) in the region, near the country's border with Mali. (“Niger declares mourning after dozens of soldiers killed in attack near Mali,” Al Jazeera, 3 October 2023)

Ethiopia: Surge in human right violations and social unrest, says UN 

On 3 October, the UN’s International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia (ICHREE) issued a warning regarding the current state of instability and rights abuses, despite a peace pact that was signed a year ago between the Ethiopian government and Tigrayan forces. The Chairperson of the Commission, Mohamed Chande Othman, stated: “We are gravely concerned about the situation in Ethiopia and the potential for future atrocities. Our report shows that the overwhelming majority of risk factors for future atrocity crimes are present in Ethiopia.” The report highlights the ongoing serious violations occurring in Tigray, alongside a pattern of human rights abuses and international crimes within the Oromia, Amhara, and Afar regions. Recent reports of extrajudicial killings and mass arrests in Amhara have raised concern for the commission. The government of Addis Ababa has been advocating for the termination of the commission despite calls from rights organizations for its renewal. The government argues that Ethiopia can investigate complaints of abuse internally. (“Growing violence and rights abuses in Ethiopia - UN,” BBC, 3 October 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Burkina Faso: Junta says it thwarted a coup attempt

On 28 September, Bukinabe military government stated that the country's security and intelligence services thwarted a coup attempt on 26 September. Junta commented that unnamed military officers organised to destabilise the country. Reuters quoted junta: They had "the dark intention of attacking the institutions of the republic and plunging our country in chaos.” Burkina Faso is marking one year of military takeover on 29 September. In 2022, President Captain Ibrahim Traoré seized power amid growing Islamist insurgency in the country. However, the junta struggles to address the insurgency after the withdrawal of the UN and French troops. Previously, he had promised to hold elections by July 2024. Prior to the coup attempt, Captain Traoré stated that he is "determined to safely lead the transition [to democracy] despite adversity and the various manoeuvres to stop our inexorable march towards assumed sovereignty.” (“Burkina Faso junta says it foiled coup attempt,” BBC, 28 September 2023)

Morocco: IMF approves USD 1.3 billion loans for disaster management

On 29 September, BBC reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has approved a USD 1.3 billion loan to assist Morocco in its natural disaster  management sector. The announcement comes three weeks after the earthquake that killed more than 3,000 people in the country. The Moroccan government is being criticised for its poor handling of the earthquake on 8 September in the High Atlas mountains. The IMF stated that the 18-month loan would assist the country’s climate action by tackling "climate vulnerabilities,” "resilience against climate change,” and seizing "opportunities from decarbonisation.” (“Morocco gets $1.3bn disaster fund from IMF,” BBC, 29 September 2023)

South Sudan: President Kiir visits Russia

On 28 September, South Sudanese President Salva Kiir visited Russia and held talks with Russian President Vladimir Putin. According to Euronews, the leaders have agreed to expand their ties in the sectors of energy, trade and oil. They also discussed political and security issues in South Sudan, which is planning its first presidential elections in 2024. Putin stated that Russian investments in oil refineries in South Sudan would bolster bilateral ties. The visit comes in the backdrop of Russia and the West continuing to reach out to African countries seeking support in the war in Ukraine. (“New allies for Russia? Putin meets South Sudan’s leader to discuss closer ties,” euronews, 29 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: France withdraws its ambassador and troops over souring relations

On 25 September, Niger junta banned French aircraft from entering the country's airspace. The Agency for Air Navigation Safety in Africa and Madagascar (ASECNA) stated that Niger's airspace were open to all commercial flights except to those chartered by France. On 26 September, French President Emmanuel Macron announced that Paris will withdraw its ambassador and end all military cooperation with Niger. He added that French troops will withdraw in “the months to come.” Macron stated: "France has decided to withdraw its ambassador. In the next hours our ambassador and several diplomats will return to France. Nearly 1,500 French soldiers are present in Niger assisting to fight Islamsit militants. Following Macrons’ announcement, the military junta stated: "This Sunday we celebrate a new step towards the sovereignty of Niger.” France-Niger relations soured following the military coup in July and France refused to recognise the coup leadership. (“Niger's military bans French aircraft from its skies,” BBC, 25 September 2023; “France to pull troops and ambassador from Niger,” BBC, 25 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Guinea: Coup leader’s UNGA address; calls on West to stop “lecturing us”

On 22 September, addressing the UNGA, Guinea’s military leader, Colonel Mamady Doumbouya commented that the Western model of democracy imposed on Africa does not work in the continent. He stated that Africa is suffering from “a model of governance that has been imposed on us and is facing “trouble adapting to our reality.” He added: “It is time to stop lecturing us and stop treating us with condescension like children.” Guinea is among the African countries which went through military coups across west Africa in 2021. (“Stop lecturing us, Guinea junta leader tells West,” BBC, 22 September 2023)

Djibouti: Restores diplomatic ties with Iran

On 22 September, Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the restoration of diplomatic ties with Djibouti after seven years. The announcement came after the Ministers of Foreign Affairs of both countries met at the UNGA held in New York. Djibouti joined Saudi Arabia in cutting ties with Iran in 2016 after Iranian protesters stormed the Saudi embassy in Iran following the execution of Saudi Shia cleric Sheikh Nimr al-Nimr. The Iranian Ministry of Foreign Affairs statement read: “"The two governments have agreed to further develop friendly relations between the two countries on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, equality, mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.” (“Djibouti and Iran restore diplomatic ties,” BBC, 22 September 2023)

Sudan: SAF leader warns spill over of conflict to neighbouring countries

On 22 September, speaking at the UNGA, Sudan’s transitional military leader, Abdel Fattah al-Burhan urged the international community to designate Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and its allies as terrorist groups. Al-Burhas additionally warned of potential spill over of fighting into the neighbouring countries. He also mentioned that his party is open to peace talks and wanted to "put an end to this war and to alleviate the suffering of our people.” Conflict in Sudan which began in April has killed thousands and displaced millions. Both warring parties are accused of carrying out human rights violations during the fighting. Both sides have shown little commitment to ceasefire efforts initiated by international and regional actors. Recent;y, the fighting spread to Port Sudan after RSF announced establishing a parallel government based in Khartoum. (“Sudan army chief warns war could spill over into neighbours,” BBC, 22 September)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: Established diplomatic ties with Haiti

On 21 September, Kenya and Haiti established diplomatic ties. Haitian and Kenyan Ministers of Foreign Affairs announced exchange of ambassadors. The development comes after Kenya offered 1,000 police officers to Haiti, part of an international assistance force to fight gang violence. (“Kenya and Haiti establish diplomatic ties, BBC, 21 September 20203)

Niger: Ousted President Bazom files appeal to ECOWAS for release

On 21 September, ousted President Mohamed Bazoum appealed to the ECOWAS’s court for his release. An appeal filed on 18 September demanded Bazoum’s release and reinstatement as president against his “arbitrary arrest” and “violation of freedom of movement” following the coup in July. Bazom’s lawyer Seydou Diagne stated: “We request... in view of the violation of political rights, that the state of Niger be ordered to immediately restore constitutional order by handing over power to President Bazoum, who must continue to exercise it until the end of his mandate.” (“Niger's ousted leader petitions Ecowas court for help,” BBC, 21 September 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: President calls for the immediate withdrawal of UN mission

On 21 September, Democratic Republic of Congo President Felix Tshosekedi called on the UN peacekeeping mission to withdraw its troops by the end of the year. The UN mission, MONUSCO, began its mission in 2010 pledging to fight insurgency in eastern DRC. However, its presence became increasingly unpopular after it failed to quell the increasing insurgency. Tshisekedi during the UNGA stated: “It is to be deplored that peacekeeping missions deployed for 25 years … have failed to cope with the rebellions and armed conflicts; “This is why … I instructed the government of the republic to begin discussions with the UN authorities for an accelerated withdrawal of MONUSCO … by bringing forward the start of this progressive withdrawal from December 2024 to December 2023.” (“DR Congo President Tshisekedi seeks withdrawal of UN peacekeepers this year,” Al Jazeera, 21 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Ethiopia: Drone strikes in Amhara

On 20 September, BBC reported that dozens of civilians were killed in a drone strike in Ethiopia’s Amhara region. A resident of the region told BBC that at least 30 people were killed during the attack. In the town of Dembecha, at least 18 people were killed in a similar drone strike. Months of Fighting has been going on in the Amhara region between the federal government and the Amhara regional forces, Fanp. According to the UN, more than 180 people have died in the conflict. The conflict erupted after the federal government announced its decision to integrate regional forces into the federal forces. (“Civilians killed in Ethiopia drone strikes - residents, BBC, 20 September 2023)

Rwanda: Paul Kagame announces decision to run for fourth term

On 20 September, Rwandan President Paul Kagame announced his decision to run for a fourth term next year, extending his presidency to almost three decades. Kagame stated: “I am happy with the confidence that Rwandans have in me.” Kagame has been leading the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF) ever since it came to power after the genocide in 1994. According to the Rwandan Election Commission, in 2017, Kagame won the presidential elections receiving 99 per cent of the votes. Human Rights Watch (HRW) had claimed that the elections took place where free speech was limited. Kagame was also criticised for cracking down on the opposition. (“Rwanda's President Paul Kagame confirms fourth-term bid,” BBC, 20 September 2023)

Kenya: Ukraine promises to establish “grain hub” 

On 20 September, Ukrainian President Volodumyr Zelensky met Kenyan President William Ruto and South African President Cyril Ramaphosa on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York. Zelensky promised to establish a “grain hub” in the Kenyan city of Mombasa. Meanwhile, with Ramaphosa, Zelensky discussed “the way forward on the peace initiative.” They also discussed the revival of Black Sea Grain Initiative following Russia's withdrawal. Zelensky informed Ramaphosa that Ukraine was trying to establish alternative routes to supply grains. Zelensky stated: "Several ships with grain have already successfully passed through these routes despite the difficult situation.” Kenya remains one of the major supporters of Ukraine in the war; however, South Africa has been taking a neutral stance. (“Ukraine and Kenya plan 'grain hub' for East Africa to help tackle food insecurity,” BBC. 20 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Sudan: Fighting spreads to Port Sudan

On 19 September, BBC Africa reported on the spread of fighting between Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) to the city of Port Sudan. SAF clashed with members of a tribal militia group, the Forces of the Eastern Sudan Parties and Movements Alliance. The clashes erupted when the SAF tried to remove checkpoints set up by the groups in the city. The fighting comes after the Sudanese military government announced that it will build a presidential palace and relocate its foreign ministry to the city of Port Sudan. In response, RSF has announced that they will establish a parallel government in the capital Khartoum. (“First clashes reported in Port Sudan since war began,” BBC, 19 September 2023)

Libya: Hundreds protests against the flood management

On 19 September, hundreds of residents in Libya’s city of Derna protested against the authorities for their failure in dealing with the floods that killed thousands in the city. The protesters criticised the leader of eastern Libya's parliament, Aguila Saleh, and city authorities' mismanagement in disaster warning and evacuation operations. The protesters also set alight the house of Derna’s mayor, Abdulmenam al-Ghaithi. According to the Red Crescent, at least 11,000 people have died and 20,000 others are missing following the torrential rains caused by the storm Daniel and the devastating floods that followed. (“Hundreds protest in flood-hit eastern Libya,” BBC, 19 September 2023)

Ethiopia: Continuing human rights abuses in Tigray, reports the UN

On 18 September, the UN Human Rights Council released a report titled “Report of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia.” According to the report, war crimes and crimes against humanity are committed by all warring parties in Ethiopia’s Tigray region even after the peace deal signed in November 2022 between the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) and Ethiopian federal forces. Chair of the International Commission of Human Rights Experts on Ethiopia, Mohamed Chande Othman, stated alongside the release of the report: “While the signing of the agreement may have mostly silenced the guns, it has not resolved the conflict in the north of the country, in particular in Tigray, nor has it brought about any comprehensive peace.” The report claimed that TPLF, federal forces, Eritrean forces and their respective regional allied militias are carrying out human rights abuses including sexual violence in the region. All the parties had previously denied similar accusations. (“Crimes against humanity continue in Ethiopia despite truce, say UN experts,” Al Jazeera, 19 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Democratic Republic of Congo: At least 17 killed in landslides

On 18 September, at least 17 people were killed in a landslide in the northwestern Democratic Republic of the Congo caused by torrential rains. The disaster occurred in the town of Lisal in Mongala province near the Congo River. Governor Cesar Limbaya Mbangisa expressed condolences to the families of the victims. (“Landslide in northwest DR Congo kills at least 17 people,” Al Jazeera, 18 September 2023)

Mali: Re-emerging Tuareg rebellion

On 18 September, BBC Africa reported on the claims of Tuareg rebels from northern Mali on seizing control of two army bases. BBC quoted a Malian official informing AFP news agency regarding fighting that happened in the town of Léré in the Timbuktu region on 17 September. An alliance of Tuareg group, Coordination of Azawad Movements (CMA) re-launched a rebellion in August following the expulsion of the UN peacekeepers from the country. The peace deal between Tuareg separatists in 2015 has floundered since the coup in 2020. A unrecognised spokesman for CMA stated: "We attacked and took control of the two military camps in the town of Léré this Sunday.” The renewed rebellion comes weeks after al-Qaeda linked jihadist group, Support Group for Islam and Muslims (GSIM), declared "war in the Timbuktu region.” (“Tuareg rebels claim to have captured Mali army bases,” BBC, 18 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: Junta signs mutual defence pact with Niger and Burkina Faso

On 16 September, Al Jazeera reported on Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger signing a mutual defence pact with an objective to help each other against the threats from armed rebellion and external aggression. They signed the charter, Alliance of Sahel States, that binds the signatories to assist militarily during an attack on any of them. It read: “Any attack on the sovereignty and territorial integrity of one or more contracted parties will be considered an aggression against the other parties.” Mali military leader Assimi Goita stated: “I have today signed with the Heads of State of Burkina Faso and Niger the Liptako-Gourma charter establishing the Alliance of Sahel States, with the aim of establishing a collective defence and mutual assistance framework.” The groups linked to al-Qaeda and Islamic State have been carrying out frequent attacks in the region. Three countries have undergone coups since 2020; most recently Niger in July. Since then, relations with the West, specifically France, and regional bloc ECOWAS had deteriorated. France has been forced to withdraw its troops from Mali and Burkina Faso. However, the latest development is a response to ECOWAS threatening military intervention in Niger where Mali and Burkina Faso responded to a “declaration of war” against it. (“Mali, Niger and Burkina Faso establish Sahel security alliance,” Al Jazeera, 17 September 2023)

Eritrea: 200 anti-government eritreans arrested in Germany over clashes

On 17 September, more than 200 opponents of the Eritrean government were arrested after clashes with the police in the city of Stuttgart in Germany. The clashes erupted during an Eritrean cultural festival marking 30 years of independence which was organised by the supporters loyal to the Eritrean regime. Police reported that they were sent to contain “massive violence” between the opposing groups. Previously this month, a similar violence occurred in the city of Tel Aviv in Israel, after which Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced plans to deport Eritrean asylum seekers in the country.  (“Hundreds of Eritrean opposition supporters arrested in Stuttgart,” BBC, 17 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Zambia: President Hakainde Hichilema meets Chinese President Xi Jinping

On 15 September, Zambian President Hakainde Hichilema met Chinese President Xi Jinping in Beijing for bilateral talks. The two leaders agreed upon a “comprehensive strategic cooperative partnership.” President Xi stated that their friendship  had “withstood the test of international storms and changes” encouraging more imports from Zambia. China plays a major role in Zambia’s mining sector and Zambia seeks to restructure its external debt with its leading creditor, China. (“Zambia to upgrade ties with biggest creditor China,” BBC, 15 September 2023)

Sudan: RSF threatens to establish parallel government in Khartoum

On 15 September, Sudanese paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) announced that it aims to form another government with Khartoum as its capital. The move came in response to the Sudanese military-led government announcing its plans to build a presidential palace and headquarters of its foreign ministry in the city of Port Sudan. RSF leader Hamdan Dagalo tweeted: RSF had shown “great patience regarding al-Burhan's individual decisions despite his illegitimacy.” (Sudan's RSF leader threatens to form own government, BBC, 15 September 2023)

Niger: President Macron claims French ambassador held hostage

On 15 September, French President Emmanuel Macron commented that France’s envoy to Niger is living like a hostage in the French embassy. Macron stated: “As we speak, we have an ambassador and diplomatic staff who are literally being held hostage in the French embassy.” In August, the coup leaders demanded French ambassador Sylvain Itte to leave the country after France announced its support to the deposed President Mohamed Bazoum. However, the French government refused to comply with the 48-hour ultimatum and to recognise the coup government. Macron then stated: “I will do whatever we agree with President Bazoum because he is the legitimate authority and I speak with him every day.” Nearly 1500 French troops are deployed in Niger fighting Islamist insurgency in the region. The coup leaders have halted military cooperation with France and requested the troops to leave quickly. (“Macron says French ambassador ‘literally being held hostage’ in Niger,” Al Jazeera, 15 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: US troops resumes operations 

On 14 September, Al Jazeera reported that the US military has resumed its operations in Niger, flying drones and aircraft in their airbase in Niger after a temporary halt amid the coup. General James Hecker stated: “Through the diplomatic process, we are now doing, I wouldn’t say 100 percent of the missions that we were doing before, but we’re doing a large amount of missions that we’re doing before.” Nearly 1,100 US soldiers are deployed in the country. The previous week, the Pentagon had announced that US forces shifted from Air Base 101 near the capital Niamey to Air Base 201 in Agadez. Niger is a primary regional outpost for the US military which leads operations against rebel and Islamist insurgent groups. (“US military resumes drone, crewed aircraft operations in post-coup Niger,” Al Jazeera, 14 September)

Libya: Floods updates

On 14 September, the Red Crescent reported that around 11,000 people had died and 20,000 others were missing in the devastating floods in Libya. Thousands have been displaced after two dams burst due to pressure from the storm Daniel’s intense rainfall. Meanwhile, the UN’s World Meteorological Organization commented that several human casualties could have been avoided if authorities had issued warnings as carried out evacuations. Besides, while the rescue operations and reach of aid are underway, the UN has warned of an outbreak of several diseases due to the contaminated water. The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced USD two million for emergency efforts. (“What's the latest?,” BBC, 14 September 2023)

Sudan: UN envoy resigns; warns of civil war

On 14 September, the UN envoy to Sudan, Volker Perthes, announced his resignation after informing the UN Security Council that the conflict in Sudan is at risk of becoming a full-blown civil war.  The resignation comes after Sudan declared him unwelcome in the country the previous month. Perthes criticised the warring parties- SAF leader General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and RSF leader General Mohamed Dagalo of carrying out human rights abuses across the country. He also blamed SAF for its air strikes in civilian areas. According to the UN more than five million people have been displaced following the fighting in Sudan that erupted in April. (“UN's Sudan envoy resigns, warns of full civil war,” BBC, 14 September 2023)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: Devastating floods kills more than 11,000

On 13 September, the United Nations described the deadly floods in Libya as a “calamity of epic proportions.”  According to the UN, more than 11,000 people have died and more than 10,000 are missing. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) nearly 1.8 million people are affected by the torrential rains that hit several cities in the country. The city of Derna has been severely affected by Storm Daniel  and the floods. Meanwhile, the prime minister of the country's internationally recognised government, Abdul Hamid Dbeibah, which operates from the capital, Tripoli, in the west of the country stated that: “There were multiple offers of help and we will only accept aid that is necessary.” The worst-hit city of Derna is located in eastern Libya, governed by the rival government. The rescue efforts have been hampered by the political rift. (“Have political divisions slowed aid response to floods?,” BBC, 13 September; “Flood-hit Libyan city living through 'doomsday',” BBC, 13 September; “Libya floods a disaster of epic proportions - UN,” BBC, 13 September)

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Libya: More than 2000 people killed in floods

On 12 September, BBC reported that more than 2,000 people have died after a storm caused devastating flooding in Libya. The cities of Benghazi, Sousse, Derna and Al-Marj were affected by the flooding. The Eastern Benghazi-based government stated: "The missing are in the thousands, and the dead exceed 2,000... entire neighbourhoods in Derna have disappeared, along with their residents ... swept away by water." Internationally recognised Tripoli-based government said that they have directed all state agencies to “immediately deal” with the damages caused by the floods. The United Nations in Libya stated: It “will provide urgent relief assistance in support of response efforts at local and national levels". (“Thousands feared dead as flooding sweeps Libya,” BBC, 12 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Niger: France accused of organising troops in ECOWAS member countries

On 11 September, the Niger military government accused France of amassing troops and equipment in several West African countries and planning to launch a “military intervention” against the country. A spokesperson of Niger’s coup leaders, Colonel Amadou Abdramane, said that France continues to deploy its troops in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) member countries as “part of preparations for an aggression against Niger, which it is planning in collaboration with this community organisation.” He added: French “military cargo aircraft have enabled large quantities of war material and equipment to be unloaded in Senegal, Ivory Coast and Benin, to name but a few.” The accusations came following the rising tensions between Niger and France after the coup on 26 July. France had extended its support to deposed President Mohamed Bazoum and rejected Niger’s demands to withdraw its troops and envoy from the country. (“Niger says France amassing troops, equipment in ECOWAS states,” Al Jazeera, 11 September 2023)

Sudan: Civilians killed in SAF air strike

On 11 September, BBC reported that at least 35 people were killed in an air strike at a crowded market in Sudanese capital Khartoum. The military has been carrying out frequent air strikes with an objective to regain control of the cities. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF) control the majority of khartoum along with the twin cities of Omdurman and Bahri. The fighting which began in April continues with no end in sight despite multiple ceasefires. (“Sudan conflict: Dozens killed in attack on Khartoum market, medics say,” BBC, 11 September 2023)

Ethiopia: Egypt against Ethiopia filling GERD

On 11 September, Ethiopia announced that it had filled the reservoir at the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD).  The Ethiopian Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that Ethiopia was disregarding the interests of the other countries. Ethiopian Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed stated: "It is with great pleasure that I announce the successful completion of the fourth and final filling of the Renaissance Dam.” The Egyptian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated: "Ethiopia's unilateral measures are considered a disregard for the interests and rights of the downstream countries and their water security, as guaranteed by principles of international law.” Egypt claim that Ethiopia’s “unilateral filling” violates the principles signed by Egypt, Sudan and Ethiopia in 2015 and accused Ethiopia’s action “illegal.” (“Egypt angry as Ethiopia fills Nile dam reservoir amid water row,” BBC, 11 September 2023)

Morocco: Earthquake kills more than 2000 civilians

On 11 September, BBC reported that at least 2,681 people died in the earthquake that hit Morocco on 7 September. The Moroccan government is under pressure to accept international aid; however, it has accepted aid from only four countries including Spain, the UK, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates. A 6.8 magnitude earthquake occurred at the High Atlas mountains south of Marrakesh, and destroyed many rural and remote villages. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) more than 300,000 people have been affected by the earthquake. (“Morocco earthquake: Villagers' hopes waning in search for survivors,” BBC, 11 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Somalia: Civilians killed in a targeted attack on Al Shabaab

On 8 September, BBC reported that seven civilians including five children were killed in an air strike that targeted Islamist militants in the village of El Garas. Meanwhile, the Somali government announced that it had killed three senior Al Shabaab militants. Somalia’s Deputy Minister of Informations, Abdirahman Yusuh stated: “[Al-Shabab] placed explosive devices in a civilian house, which caused the deaths of innocent people.” (“Civilians reportedly killed in Somali air strike,” BBC, 8 September)

South Africa: President arrives in India for the G20 Summit

On 8 September, South Africa’s President Cyril Ramaphosa arrived in India for the G20 summit which is to convene on 9 September. Ramaphosa was welcomed by India’s Minister of State for Rail, Coal and Mines, South Africa’s High Commissioner to India and South Africa’s Minister of International Relations. According to South Africa’s Department of International Relations, Ramaphosa is set to have bilateral meetings with several heads of State “to strengthen South Africa’s diplomatic, economic and cultural ties.” (“South Africa's President arrives in India to attend G20 summit,” Africanews, 8 September 2023)

Gabon: No prohibition from contesting in elections for General Nguema

On 8 September, BBC reported on Gabon’s transition agreement published in the official gazette specifying that the interim leader General Brice Oligui Nguema is not prohibited from taking part in the elections. The agreement stated that the President of the transition, the National Council of the transition, the Government of the transition, the Parliament of the transition and the Constitutional Court of the transition would oversee the transition process of Gabon. The agreement barred the prime minister and vice president from standing in the elections that will follow the end of the transition period though the date of the elections has not been declared. The agreement also provides amnesty to the military personnel who were part of the coup. (Armand Mouko, “Could Gabon coup leader stand for election?,” BBC, 8 September 2023)

Sudan: RSF denounces US sanctions as “shocking, unfortunate and unfair”

On 8 September, Sudan’s Rapid Support Forces (RSF) condemned the US sanctions on two of its leaders calling it “shocking, unfortunate and unfair.” On 6 September, the US levied financial sanctions on RSF’s deputy leader Abdel Rahim Dagalo and a travel ban on the West Darfur state’s commander, General Rahman Juma over human rights violations. In response, the US called out the US for not levying sanctions on Sudan’s army who according to the RSF have committed “heinous crimes.” RSF stated that the US sanctions may complicate the peace efforts. (“Sudan's RSF condemns 'unfair, shocking' US sanctions,” BBC, 8 September 2023) 

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Mali: 49 civilians killed Islamist militant attack

On 7 September, Al Jazeera reported that at least 49 civilians and 15 soldiers were killed in two attacks by Islamist militant groups. The militants attacked a passenger boat between Abakoira and Zorghoi, in the territory of Rarhous and a military camp  in the Bourem Circle, part of the Gao region.. Nearly 50 assailants were also killed during the clashes. Al Jazeera quoted an AFP report on a group affiliated with al-Qaeda claiming both attacks. TheUN Special Representative and Head of the UN Office for West Africa and the Sahel (UNOWAS), Mohamed Ibn Chambas, has raised concerns regarding the developments stating: “The region has experienced a devastating surge in terrorist attacks against civilian and military targets; the humanitarian consequences are alarming.” Since August, an affiliate of al-Qaeda, known as the Group for the Support of Islam and Muslims or JMIN has carried out a blockade around the Malian city of Timbuktu, close to the Niger River. (“Attack on boat, army base in Mali kills at least 49 civilians, 15 soldiers,” Al Jazeera, 7 September 2023)

Gabon: Coup leaders say deposed president free to leave the country

On 7 September, the coup leader of Gabon announced that the deposed President Ali Bongo has been released from house arrest and is free to leave the country considering his medical condition. Military spokesperson Colonel Ulrich Manfoumbi stated: “Given his state of health, the former President of the Republic Ali Bongo Ondimba is free to move about. He may, if he wishes, travel abroad for medical checkups.” Gabon’s military leaders carried out a coup on 30 August after Ali Bongo was declared the winner of controversial elections. The military said that they seized the control peacefully and will return civilian rule through credible and free elections. (“Gabon’s military says deposed President Ali Bongo ‘free’ to travel abroad,” Al Jazeera, 7 September 2023)

Nigeria: Opposition against the court ruling upholding Tinubu’s election victory

On 7 September, Nigeria’s presidential election tribunal upheld Bola Tinubu’s victory in the elections held on 25 February. Opposition parties including People’s Democratic Party and Labour Party legally challenged the results citing Tinubu’s dual citizenship, drug conviction case in the US and vote rigging; all of them were disagreed by the court. The opposition supporters have denounced the results. (“Opposition supporters saddened as tribunal upholds President Tinubu’s win,” Al Jazeera, 7 September 2023)

Gabon: Military government appoints opposition leader as interim prime minister

On 7 September, Gabon’s military government which came to power through a coup on 30 August, appointed former opposition leader, Raymond Ndong Sima, as the prime minister of the transitional government. Sima is an economist and critic of deposed President Ali Bongo. He was Bongo’s prime minister from 2012 to 2014. Later, ran against Bongo in the 2016 and 2023 elections.  (“Gabon military government appoints former opposition leader as interim PM,” Al Jzeera, 7 September 2023)

Guniea: Four die amid clashes on coup anniversary

On 7 September, according to BBC, clashes were reported between the protesters and security forces on the second anniversary of the military coup. The Forces Vives, the opposition alliance of political parties and trade unions reported that four men aged between 15 and 18 died. Two of them died on 4 September in Conakry during the security forces' attack on the neighbourhoods of the political activists. The other two died on 5 September and several were injured. In October 2022, Guniea’s military government under Mamady Doumbouya promised a two-year transition to democracy as ECOWAS denied a three-year plan but the Forces Vives expressed concerns as the elections are delayed. (Azeezat Olaoluwa, Deaths reported as Guinea marked coup anniversary, BBC, 7 September 2023)    

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by Anu Maria Joseph

Kenya: African leaders reaches Nairobi Declaration; aims at climate financing

On 6 September, marking the final day of the Africa Climate Summit, African political and business leaders adopted the Nairobi Declaration proposing new global taxes and reforms to international financial institutions to fund climate action. Kenyan President William Ruto announced that the declaration will form Africa’s negotiating position at the COP28 summit held in Dubai. Ruto stated: “In Africa, we can be a green industrial hub that helps other regions achieve their net zero strategies by 2050; unlocking the renewable energy resources that we have in our continent is not only good for Africa, it is good for the rest of the world.” (“African leaders seek global taxes for climate change at Nairobi summit,” Al Jazeera, 6 September 2023)

Democratic Republic of Congo: EAC to extend mandate for regional force

On 6 September, East African Community (EAC) leaders agreed to extend the duration of the mandate for the regional force to 8 December in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. The bloc sent its troops into the conflict-riven region in November 2022 after the resurgence of the m23 rebel group. Since 2021, M23 rebels have taken over swathes of territory in North Kivu province; the DRC government has been accusing Rwanda, one of the EAC members, of supporting the rebels. (“East Africa leaders extend regional troop mandate in DR Congo,” Al Jazeera, 6 September 2023)

Ethiopia: Federal forces accused of killing civilians

On 6 September, BBC reported on Ethiopian opposition groups accusing the federal forces of killing civilians in the Amhara region where it has been fighting the Fano militia. The Enat party stated that at least 29 civilians were killed near the town of Majete. The party added that at least 20 civilians were killed in drone strikes in two other areas in the region. The violence broke out in the region following the Ethiopian government’s decision to disband regional military groups, a move Amharas believe would weaken the region’s defences. (“Ethiopian federal troops accused of killing civilians,” BBC, 6 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Africa’s first climate summit

On 4 September, the first three-day African Climate Summit began in the Kenyan capital Nairobi. The summit aims to bring together African leaders to create a shared vision of green development and get ready for the COP28 meeting. Climate financing is one of the major agenda of the summit. The UAE has pledged USD 4.5 billion clean energy investment in the continent; UK is planning to invest EUR 49 million in managing impact of climate change and on climate action. Addressing the member countries, Kenyan President William Ruto stated: “Africa holds the key to accelerating decarbonisation of the global economy. We are not just a continent rich in resources. We are a powerhouse of untapped potential, eager to engage and fairly compete in the global markets.” Meanwhile, a coalition of civil society groups urged Ruto to circumvent Western led agenda that focus on carbon markets and other financial tools to redress the climate crisis. (“Billions pledged for green energy as Africa climate talks enter second day,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

Burkina Faso: 53 soldiers killed in rebel attack

On 5 September, Al Jazeera reported that at least 53 security forces of Burkina Faso were killed during a clash with rebel fighters. The clashes occurred in the Koumbri village of the Tatenga province on 4 September. The Brukinabe army stated: “This act of extreme cowardice will not go unpunished. Every effort is being made to disable the remaining terrorist elements on the run.” It is unclear which group carried out the attack. However, militants linked to Islamic State and al-Qaeda have been carrying out frequent attacks in the country. According to the Al Jazeera report, the insurgency has killed thousands and displaced more than two million people. (“At least 53 Burkina Faso soldiers, volunteers killed in clashes with rebels,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

Eswatini: Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen’s visit

On 5 September, Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen began her visit to Eswatini, Taipei’s last African ally. Eswatini, formerly known as Swaziland, is the last monarch in Africa. Eswatini’s Prime Minister Cleopas Sipho Dlamini welcomed Tsai while they marked 55 years of bilateral relations. Since 2016, China has been pressuring countries that have bilateral relationships with Taiwan to switch their recognition to China. Taiwan had diplomatic losses with nine countries owing to Chinese efforts. (“Taiwan’s President Tsai begins visit to Eswatini, last ally in Africa,” Al Jazeera, 5 September 2023)

IN BRIEF

by Anu Maria Joseph

Gabon: Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema sworn in as the head of the state

On 4 September, Gabon’s coup leader General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema was sworn in as the head of the state. Addressing his new position, Oligui said that the military has seized power peacefully and will return it to the people through free, transparent and credible elections. He stated: “With the new government, made up of experienced people, we’re going to give everyone a chance to hope.” However, there is a popular rhetoric raising that Oligui belongs to the same Bongo family and the coup is merely a “place revolution,” replacing one Bongo with another. (“Gabon coup leader Nguema sworn in as transitional head of state,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)

South Africa: No evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry, says President Ramaphosa

On 4 September, South African President Cyril Ramaphosa said that there is no clear evidence for the claims on South Africa supplying weapons to Russia. The announcement came following the US ambassador to South Africa, Reuben Brigety claimed that the Russian ship Lady R was seen loading arms and ammunition from the naval base in Cape Town in December 2022. An independent inquiry by the South African government found that the Russian ship delivered armaments ordered by the National Defence Force in 2018. Ramaphosa stated: “When all matters are considered, none of the allegations made about the supply of weapons to Russia have been proven to be true; None of the persons who made these allegations could provide any evidence to support the claims that had been levelled against our country.” (“South Africa says no evidence of arms shipment to Russia following inquiry,” Al Jazeera, 4 September 2023)

Sudan: 20 people killed in SAF air strike

On 4 September, at least 20 people were killed in an army air strike in Sudanese capital Khartoum. The attack happened in the alakla al-Qubba neighbourhood of south-west Khartoum. Sudanese Armed Forces (SAF) and Rapid Support Forces (RSF) have been fighting since April. According to the UN, more than thousands have been killed and nearly 2.3 million have been displaced; more than half a million have taken shelter in neighbouring countries of Chad and South Sudan. Currently, RSF controls large swathes of Khartoum and its twin cities of Omdurman and Bahri. SAF has been carrying out frequent artillery and air attack to dislodge RSF. Clashes have additionally spread to western Darfur region which has been grappling with decades of ethnic violence. (“Sudan conflict: Air strike on Khartoum kills at least 20,” BBC, 4 September 2023)

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