30 June 2025, Monday
The World Today # 35
The War in Gaza: Israel's strikes kill 58 ahead of potential White House mediation for a ceasefire. 
On 30 June, according to Reuters, northern Gaza's residents reported one of the heaviest bombardments in weeks as Israel's strikes killed 58. Israel's military issued evacuation orders to residents in big districts of the northern Gaza Strip. Meanwhile, media reports state that a confidant of Israel's Prime Minister Netanyahu was expected for talks on a ceasefire following the Iran crisis at the White House. Israel's military claimed to have struck militant targets, including command and control centers, in this attack.

Israel-Iran Crisis: Major Iranian newspaper calls for the execution of IAEA chief; UK, Germany and France condemns the remarks and reiterates support for the Agency.
Kayhan, a hardline Iranian newspaper reportedly associated with Supreme Leader Khamenei had accused IAEA of ties to Israel's intelligence agency and demanded the trial and execution of IAEA chief Rafael Grossi should he enter Iran. In a joint-statement issued on 30 June, the Foreign Ministers of UK, Germany , and France has condemned the remarks and has asked Iran to "immediately resume full cooperation with its legally binding obligations" with the IAEA. Iran's ambassador to the United Nations, Amir Saeid Iravani, had earlier stated that “No, there is not any threat” and that inspectors in Iran were “in safe conditions.”

US and Canada: Trade negotiations to resume as Ottawa revokes digital service tax on US firms.
On 30 June, Canada's finance minister François-Philippe Champagne stated that the digital service tax on US technological firms which yield revenue above USD 20 million is revoked. Following this, the trade negotiation between the US and Canada will resume to reach a deal by 21 June 2025. The American Chamber of Commerce hailed the decision and said "This is a constructive decision that allows both countries to focus on strengthening their economic partnership."

Hong Kong: The League of Social Democrats (LSD), one of its last major pro-democracy party disbands, saying “left with no choice”
On 29 June, Hong Kong’s League of Social Democrats (LSD) stated it would disband due to “immense political pressure” from a five-year national security crackdown. The LSD is the third major opposition party to close in two years, leaving the China-ruled city with no formal pro-democracy opposition. Mass protests, common until 2020, have been largely shut due to fear of prosecution. In 2020, China imposed a national security law following 2019’s pro-democracy protests, and in 2024 passed Article 23 covering sedition and treason. Safety concerns of the party members left them with “no choice” but closure, stated Chair Chan Po-ying.
 

29 June 2025, Sunday
The World Today # 34
Gaza: Trump calls for an end to war; Israel orders evacuation of Palestinians in northern Gaza.
On 29 June, Israel’s military ordered Palestinians to evacuate northern Gaza ahead of heightened operations against Hamas. This follows President Trump calling for an end to the war and the renewed efforts to broker a ceasefire. Trump stated "Make the deal in Gaza, get the hostages back," on his Truth Social platform. PM Netanyahu is scheduled to meet officials later in the day. The military will inform him of the campaign nearing its objectives, and that any expansion could risk remaining Israeli hostages, a senior security official stated. However, statements from the Israeli military on X and text messages urged evacuations in the northern part. "The Defense Forces is operating with extreme force in these areas, and these military operations will escalate, intensify, and extend westward to the city center to destroy the capabilities of terrorist organizations," it said.

The War in Ukraine: President Zelensky calls for immediate support from Washington and Western allies as Russia launches intense airstrikes overnight.
On 28 June, Russia launched large-scale air attacks upon Kyiv, reportedly launching 477 drones and 60 missiles. An F-16 fighter pilot was also killed in the attack as Ukraine lost its third F-16 jet since the war. President Zelensky stated that Ukraine was counting on the "leadership, political will, and the support of the United States, Europe, and all our partners." He also stated that Ukraine is willing to purchase more American defence systems and that "Ukraine needs to strengthen its air defence – the thing that best protects lives."

Hungary: Mass anti-government demonstration by the LGBTQ+ community; Prime Minister accuses the EU.
On 28 June, Reuters reported that Budapest's banned LGBTQ+ rally turned into one of the largest mass anti-government demonstrations in recent years. This is in protest to the legislation passed in March allowing the ban on pride marches and the police decision to restrict gatherings which promote homosexuality, citing child protection. Prime Minister Viktor Orban called the protest "repulsive and shameful," and accused the EU of organising the event. Earlier, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen urged the government to not restrict the parade. Organisers commented that participants from 30 different countries joined the march, including 70 members of the European Parliament.

Thailand: Bangkok erupts in protest demanding the resignation of the Prime Minister over a leaked phone call with former Cambodian leader amid an intense border dispute.
On 28 June, massive protests took over Bangkok city demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Shinawatra over a leaked phone conversation with a former Cambodian leader. Prime Minister Shinawatra reportedly criticised a Thai army commander and kowtow which ignited a fresh wave of protests. The protests were led by the coalition of nationalist activists- the United Force of the Land who accused the administration of not working "in the interest of democracy and constitutional monarchy."
 

28 June 2025, Saturday
The World Today # 33
US and Canada: President Trump terminates trade discussions; Prime Minister Carney to continue negotiations. 
On 27 June, in response to Canada’s three per cent digital tax on US firms, US President Trump wrote on social media that "Based on this egregious Tax, we are hereby terminating ALL discussions on Trade with Canada, effective immediately.” He added that US will impose new tariffs on Canada within next week. Canada’s Prime Minister Carney responded that his government would "continue to engage in these complex negotiations with the United States in the best interests of Canadian workers and businesses."

Peace deal between DRC and Rwanda: US brokered agreement halts decades long conflict; Agreement also facilitates mineral extraction by the US.
On 27 June, Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda signed a peace deal negotiated by the United States at Washington. The two parties have agreed to cease aggression and withdraw their support for armed groups in their territories, forming a joint security coordination mechanism within 30 days to oversee the withdrawal of Rwandan soldiers in three months. The agreement also establish the creation of trade and mineral supply chains "that link both countries, in partnership, as appropriate, with the U.S. and U.S. investors," facilitating mineral extraction and processing in favour of the United States. The US President Donald Trump stated that the US will be getting "a lot of the mineral rights from the Congo as part of it," and has warned of "very severe penalties, financial and otherwise" if the peace deal is violated.

China: Xi Jinping meets Ecuadorian President and Senegalese PM in Beijing.
On 27 June, Chinese President Xi Jinping met Ecuadorian President Daniel Noboa and Senegalese PM Ousmane Sonko in Beijing after their participation in the 2025 Summer Davos Forum in Tianjin. Analysts see these exchanges before and after the forum as a milestone in China’s Global South diplomacy. Xi noted this year marks 45 years of China-Ecuador diplomatic ties, highlighting Ecuador’s BRI membership, their free trade agreement, and cooperation in energy, mining, and infrastructure. Noboa said “he admires China's development and that his country will always remember China's great support and assistance for its social and economic development,” according to The Global Times. The two leaders also signed a cooperation plan for promoting the BRI. Senegalese PM Sonko conveyed President Faye’s greetings, calling China a reliable partner highlighting that their bilateral ties have showcased mutual respect, support, stability with strong developments in various areas of cooperation.

US-Iran: Senate denies Bid to restrict Iran Strikes.
On 27 June, hours after President Trump said he would consider more bombing, the Republican-led US Senate rejected a Democratic-led bid on 27 June to block President Donald Trump from using further military force against Iran. The Senate vote was 47 against a war powers resolution out of 53 total. The vote followed party lines, except Pennsylvania Democrat John Fetterman siding with Republicans, and Kentucky Republican Rand Paul voting with Democrats. US Senator Tim Kaine is requiring congressional approval for any future military action against Iran.

27 June 2025, FRIDAY
The World Today # 32
Israel-Iran crisis: Iran says US strikes in Iran "gained no achievement."
On 27 June, in his first television appearance, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stated that any future US attack in Iran would face retaliation by strike on US military bases in the Middle East. After claiming success in Iran's attack on US military bases, he said "The U.S. President Trump unveiled the truth and made it clear that Americans won't be satisfied with anything less than surrender... such an event will never happen." He added that US strikes on Iran "gained no achievement," and " It entered the war to save it (Israel)." When asked whether the US would be involved again if Iran rebuilt its military program, US President Trump said "Sure." "We will continue to work together to defeat our common enemies" said Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's social media post with a picture of himself and US President Trump.

US and China: Agreement on rare-earth exports to the US and lifting trade restrictions on China confirmed.
On 27 June, China's Ministry of Commerce confirmed in a statement that the US and China have reached an agreement on expediating the rare-earth shipments to the US and for the US to lift recent export restrictions on China. Prior to the release of the statement, the US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick had told Bloomberg News that the US would "take down" export restrictions on China and that China will be delivery rare-earths to the US. The statement also highlighted that the parties have agreed on a framework to implement the consensus reached during the Geneva trade talks in May. Following the Geneva consensus, a framework had been agreed upon during a second round of talks in London on 9 and 10 June.

EU: Ursula von der Leyen says Europe’s interest would be defended on the latest trade proposal from the US.
On 26 June, European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen said that the EU had received a "latest US document" concerning the tariff negotiations. She said that they were assessing the proposal but did not provide any further details. She also added that the EU is ready for a deal but is also preparing for a scenario in which no agreement is reached. The US Trade Representative's office has not commented on it yet. This comes amid the 9 July deadline that US President Donald Trump has set for the EU and other countries to reach a deal for reducing tariffs.

Thailand: Calls for dialogue after former Cambodian PM's public remarks on Thai PM Paetongtarn Shinawatra and her father.
On 27 June, Thailand's foreign ministry stated it was surprised but called for dialogue after Cambodia’s Former PM Hun Sen’s public remarks on Thai PM Paetongtarn Shinawatra and her father. He criticised Paetongtarn’s handling of the border dispute between the two countries and accused her of disrespecting him and his son, Cambodian PM Hun Manet. He commented on her father, who faces a pending court case over the legitimacy of a hospital stay to skip prison, saying "He pretended to be sick." Spokesperson of Thailand's foreign ministry called the remarks extraordinary, and stated "we are looking at the earliest possible venue where both sides can talk." Paetongtarn faces domestic pressure after leaked audio showed her deferential tone towards Hun Sen and criticism of a Thai military commander.

26 June 2025, Thursday
The World Today # 31

NATO: Member countries agree to raise the defence spending to 5 per cent of GDP.
On 25 June, NATO countries committed to invest 5 per cent of their GDP annually in defence investment. Out of the 5 per cent, 3.5 per cent of GDP would be allocated to NATO defence expenditure, with the goal of resourcing core defence requirements and meeting the capability targets by 2035. Allies agreed to submit annual plans to reach this goal. The other 1.5 per cent should be allocated for infrastructure, defending networks, civil preparedness, innovation and strengthening of defence industrial bases. This will be reviewed by 2029. NATO reaffirmed its commitment to foster transatlantic defence industrial cooperation and collective security.

The War in Gaza: Israel temporarily suspends aid deliveries accusing Hamas of seizing aid; Hamas denies involvement."
Israel has temporarily halted aid deliveries in Gaza following a joint statement on 25 June from Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Defense Minister Israel Katz ordering the army to prevent Hamas from seizing aid supplies. Footage of masked men riding aid trucks was previously circulated. The Higher Commission for Tribal Affairs, representing the clans in the territory stated that the truck was being protected by clan leaders and not militants. Hamas has also denied any involvement in the issue.

Iran: Will strike US bases in the region if attacked, says Supreme Leader in first appearance since Iran-Israel ceasefire.
On 26 June, Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei warned that Iran would retaliate against any future US attack by targeting American military bases in the Middle East. In his first televised address since the Iran-Israel ceasefire, he said any aggression against Iran would come at “great cost.” Referring to Iran’s recent strike on a US base in Qatar, Khamenei stated that "The Islamic Republic slapped America in the face. It attacked one of the important American bases in the region.” He added that Iran has access to key American centres in the region, stating that this was not a minor incident and could recur if provoked.

Trump on Israel-Iran: US President says Fordow has "been obliterated, totally obliterated"; US to hold talks with Iran next week.
On 26 June, at a news conference at the NATO Summit, US President reiterated that Iran's Fordow nuclear site had "been obliterated, totally obliterated" by US strikes. He also stated that the US plans to hold talks with Iran and may sign an agreement. He said "The last thing they want to do is enrich anything right now. They want to recover."

25 June 2025, Wednesday
The World Today # 30

Iran-IAEA: Iran suspends cooperation with IAEA as Parliament approves a bill.
On 25 June, Iran's parliament approved a bill to suspend cooperation with the IAEA, meaning installation of surveillance cameras, inspections and reports filing to the agency would be stopped. As per state media reports, Iran’s Parliament speaker stated that it would  accelerate its civilian nuclear program. Tehran says IAEA’s announcement of Iran breaching its non-proliferation obligations this month set the stage for Israel's attacks; the parliament speaker added that IAEA "has put its international credibility up for sale," by not condemning the attacks on its nuclear facilities.

The DIA report on the US strikes: A report by the Pentagon's intelligence arm, published by key US news outlets, discredits Trump’s claims on the attack on Iran’s nuclear facilities.
On 24 June, major US news outlets published the document prepared by the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA), intelligence arm of the Pentagon. Trump claimed that the nuclear facilities at Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan were “obliterated.” The report revealed that it failed to destroy Tehran’s nuclear facilities and estimated the program to be delayed by less than six months. It also stated that Iran’s stockpile of enriched uranium was moved before the strikes. Speaking at the NATO summit in The Hague, Trump pushed back on the leaked report calling it "completely false". "I don't want to use an example of Hiroshima, I don't want to use an example of Nagasaki, but that was essentially the same thing - that ended a war," he added.

NATO: Commits to increased defense spending; Trump reaffirms Article 5 - collective defense; Macron criticizes US Tariffs.
On 25 June, NATO leaders backed the increase in defense spending, targeting 5% of GDP by 2035, meeting Trump’s demands and addressing the growing threat of Russia following the war with Ukraine. NATO reaffirmed its commitment to collective defense under Article 5, stating “an attack on one is an attack on all.” Trump confirmed his support by adding “I stand with it. That’s why I’m here.” Reuters stated that it is a relief to NATO allies, as this reflects reassurance of the US commitment. French President Macron criticized Trump’s tariffs, saying, "You cannot come to us as allies and ask that we spend more, tell us we will spend more at NATO - and do a trade war. It's an aberration.”

World Economic Forum Conference, China: 16th annual conference, or 'Summer Davos' held in China's Tianjin city; China aims to be "a mega-sized consumption powerhouse," says the Chinese Premier in the opening address.
China hosts the 16th annual meeting of the World Economic Forum, also known as 'Summer Davos' Forum in the northern city of Tianjin from 24 to 26 June. "Entrepreneurship in the New Era," is the theme of this year's conference and nearly  1,800 participants from more than 90 countries and regions were in attendance. The major focus of the conference is on Asia's role in global growth and the next phase of energy transition. Themes including climate action funding, stabilizing economic growth, global shift in workforces and adoption of AI are also on the agenda. Chinese Premier Li Qiang stated that measures to “make China a mega-sized consumption powerhouse” will be adopted, and described China's International Organization for Mediation as "the wisdom of the East in resolving international disputes."

Axiom-4 Mission: Successfully launched after multiple delays; Shubhanshu Shukla to be the first Indian at the ISS.
On 25 June the Axiom-4 mission piloted by Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station (ISS) was launched from NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Group Captain Shukla will be the first Indian astronaut to go to the ISS and the first Indian in space since Rakesh Sharma in 1984. The SpaceX Dragon spacecraft is launched on the Falcon 9 rocket and the crew will be spending 14 days in space. The mission is planned to conduct around 60 scientific studies representing 31 countries including seven microgravity research experiments from ISRO.

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24 June 2025, Tuesday
The World Today # 29
Israel-Iran crisis: President Trump claims "The 12 Day War" has "Ended" and announces a ceasefire; Iran and Israel continue to strike each other
On 23 June, US President Trump wrote on social media that “It has been fully agreed by and between Israel and Iran that there will be a Complete and Total CEASEFIRE, for 12 hours, at which point the War will be considered, ENDED!,” and the crisis should be called “THE 12 DAY WAR.” Few hours before, Iran launched missile at a US air base in Qatar, which Trump described as “very weak” and “expected.” Despite Trump's ceasefire calls, today Israel struck Iran's radar site in Tehran; Iran launched 14 missiles at Israel's military sites.

NATO Annual Summit: At Hague, Secretary General states Russia remain "the most significant and direct threat"; Increase in defence budget expected.
NATO convenes for its annual summit on 24 and 25 June at Hague, Netherlands. The summit will reportedly focus on the increasing the defence expenditure from 2 per cent to 5 per cent of GDP. At the pre-summit press conference on 23 June, NATO Secretary General, Mark Rutte stated that "the most significant and direct threat facing this Alliance remains the Russian Federation," and has called for a five-fold increase in air-defence capabilities in the light of Russian airstrike on Ukraine. Tanks, armoured vehicles, and artillery ammunition stockpiles will also be  substantially increased.  He also reiterated NATO's opposition to Iran's nuclear programme.

Russia and Mali: In Moscow, President Putin and President Goita sign nuclear energy and trade deals.
On 23 June, in Moscow, Russia's President Vladimir Putin signed trade and economic agreements with Mali's President Assimi Goita. Putin said that the two-hour talks had a "good upward trend," even though bilateral trade is currently "modest." He added that geological exploration, natural resource development, energy, logistics and humanitarian field are potential areas of cooperation. Kremlin stated that one of the deals concerns nuclear energy cooperation. Moscow and Bamako have previously discussed the construction of a Russian-designed low-power nuclear power plant.

EU-Canada: Sign security pact amid global tensions.
On 23 June, the European Union and Canada met for a summit in Brussels, a day ahead of the NATO summit. The European Union and Canada signed a security and defence partnership. This deal includes the way for joint working crisis management, cyber, maritime, and space security, as well as arms control and support for Ukraine. The pact will give way for Canadian companies access to the 150 billion euro SAFE military procurement programme, which supports joint investments across transatlantic industries. The EU officials said that the EU-Canada summit is not a “business as usual” meeting and marked a new era in bilateral ties.

Japan: Upper house election to be held on 20 July.
On 24 June, Yoshimasa Hayashi, government spokesperson, announced that Japan will hold an upper house election on 20 July. This follows PM Shigeru Ishiba’s decision not to extend the last parliamentary session which ended on 22 June. The election is crucial for Ishiba, whose coalition lost its Lower House majority in a snap election last October. His approval ratings, which were at record low last month over the government’s response to soaring rice prices, have recently improved. The Japan Times reported that the campaign will focus on addressing rising prices and issues pertaining to political funds.
 

23 June 2025, Monday
The World Today # 28

Israel-Iran Crisis- Day 11: "We will be the ones to end it," Iran responds to US strikes on nuclear facilities; Europe vehemently opposes Iran's nuclear programme.
On 23 June Ebrahim Zolfaqari, spokesperson for Iran’s Khatam al-Anbiya central military headquarters referred to US President Donald Trump as a 'gambler,' and stated that "you may start this war, but we will be the ones to end it,” in a recorded video statement. At the emergency Security Council meeting convened on 22 June, United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres remarked that the US bombing of Iran's nuclear sites "marks a perilous turn," and called for negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme. European Commission president Ursula von der Leyen reiterated that "Iran must never acquire the bomb," and France and Germany staunchly reaffirmed their positions against Iran's nuclear programme. Oman has condemned the strikes while Saudi Arabia and Qatar have called for diplomatic resolution and de-escalation of the crisis.

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches 352 drones and 16 missiles; kills seven in Kyiv.
On 23 June, Russia launched 352 drones and 16 missiles overnight into Ukraine, mainly targeting Kyiv. This led to the death of seven and injured several. Officials report that residential areas, hospitals, sports infrastructure, and entrance to a metro station were also hit during this attack. President Zelensky is heading to the UK to meet with PM Keir Starmer and request military support. Russia's Ministry of Defence said that they also destroyed 16 Ukraine's drones overnight.

China on the US strikes: China condemns US strikes on Iran; US calls on China to prevent Iran from closing the Strait of Hormuz.
On 23 June, China's foreign ministry spokesperson said: "China strongly condemns the U.S. attacks on Iran. The actions of the U.S. seriously violate the purposes and principles of the UN Charter and international law, and have exacerbated tensions in the Middle East," and called for ceasefire. In light of Iran's parliament decision to close the Strait of Hormuz, US Secretary of State have asked Iran's largest oil exporter China, to prevent it from "another terrible mistake."

Colombia: 57 soldiers kidnapped by civilians, says Colombian army.
On 22 June, Colombia's army stated that 57 soldiers were kidnapped by civilians in the country's south-western Micay Canyon area. The region is a major hub for cocaine production and remains one of the most volatile areas in Colombia’s ongoing conflict. The army states that, in the region, civilians take orders from the Central General Staff (EMC), the key dissident group of the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC) that refused to be part of the 2016 peace agreement with the government.

Southeast Asia: Thailand's PM Shinawatra faces resignation calls; Cambodia suspends all imports from Thailand
On 23 June, Thailand's Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra faces a political emergency after the leaked phone call with former Cambodian leader Hun Sen. The conversation was regarding the border dispute. The phone call was leaked by Hun Sen and was posted on Facebook. This has led to Thailand’s second-largest party, the Bhumjaithai Party, to exit from the coalition. The government plans a cabinet reshuffle this week to reposition itself since the upcoming parliamentary elections are commencing. The Yellow t-shirt group, which is anti-Thaksin Shinawatra, organised a protest in all of Bangkok, calling for PM Shinawatra’s resignation. Meanwhile, tensions with Cambodia escalate with tit-for-tat measures, including Cambodia's suspension of all Thai fuel and gas imports that came into effect on Monday.

21 June 2025, Saturday
The World Today # 26

Israel-Iran Crisis- Day 9: IRGC commander overseeing Iran's proxy militias killed; Iran's supreme leader names candidates to succeed him and other military leaders, reports The New York Times.
On 21 June, Israeli Defence Minister Israel Katz announced that the head of the Palestine Corps of Iran's elite Quds Force Mohammed Said Izadi, was eliminated in a precision strike. Said Izadi reportedly oversaw Iran's proxy militias, including Hamas, across the Middle East. The New York Times reported Ayatollah Ali Khamenei naming three senior clerics as candidates to replace him in case he is killed. Replacements for other key members in the chain of command have also reportedly been decided.

War in Ukraine: "All of Ukraine is ours,' claims Russian President Vladimir Putin.
On 20 June, speaking at the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum Russian President Vladimir Putin stated that he considers the Russian and Ukrainian people to be one, thus making "all of Ukraine ours." Putin also stated that the capture of the northeastern Ukrainian city of Sumy as a buffer zone along the border cannot be "ruled out." Ukraine's Foreign Minister Andriy Sybiga responded that the remarks from Putin showcased "complete disdain for US peace efforts," and that depriving Russia "of its sense of impunity" is the only way to peace.

The War in Gaza: Israel kills 44; UNICEF warns of drought.
On 20 June, Reuters reported Israel killing 44 in Gaza including 25 who were seeking food aid in Netzarim. UNICEF spokesperson James Elder stated that only 40 per cent of drinking water production facilities are operational, which could lead to a water crisis, especially among children. UNICEF also reported that Gaza "is facing what would amount to a man-made drought."

China and EU: Talks on trade remedy for EVs, export control and market access.
On 20 June, China's Commerce Minister Wang Wentao said that both sides deliberated on trade remedies, especially on EVs anti-subsidy case, export controls and market access. This statement resulted from a call with EU Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic, during which both parties agreed on the stable development of economic and trade relations. This follows European Commission's President Ursula von der Leyen criticising China of dominating the manufacturing and supply chains, especially on rare earth supply, at the G7 summit.

Panama: Government declares emergency in western province following protests.
On 20 June, Panama declared a state of emergency in Bocas del Toro province as protests over a pension reform escalated. The protestors were accused of setting fire to a baseball stadium, ransacking shops and a provincial airport. The protests erupted two months ago in Panama’s main banana-producing region, mostly led by workers from local plantations; backed by unions and Indigenous groups. The government suspended certain constitutional rights and banned public gatherings for five days.

20 June 2025, Friday
The World Today # 25

War in Gaza: UN annual report on Children in Armed Conflict recorded 36,221 grave violations against children in 2024; UN blacklists Israeli forces for the second consecutive year.
On 19 June, United Nations annual report on Children in Armed Conflict recorded a 25 per cent increase in violence against children in conflict zones. The report revealed that children in Gaza suffered the highest number on violations in 2024, with 7,188 grave violations including 1,259 deaths. UN Secretary General António Guterres stated that he was "appalled by the  intensity of grave violations against children" in the region. Israel is also on UN's blacklist of countries committing violence against children for a second consecutive time.

Finland: Parliament favours withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention due to Russia’s aggression.
On 19 June, Finland's Parliament favoured withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention that bans anti-personnel landmines. The vote passed with 157 members in favour and 18 against. President Alexander Stubb reasons the withdrawal with the aggressive neighbour Russia, which used landmines in Ukraine invasion. UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres expressed concerns over several members withdrawing from the treaty.

Israel-Iran Crisis - Day 8: Iran says no negotiations "until Israeli aggression stops."
On 20 June, Reuters reported that Iran's Supreme Leader said: "There is no room for negotiations with the US until Israeli aggression stops." The US President will decide their stance within two weeks, and the UK, France, Germany, and EU diplomats plan to meet Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi.

US: Appeals court allows Trump to keep control of National Guard in LA
On 20 June, a US appeals court ruled in favor of President Trump, allowing to keep control of National Guard troops deployed in Los Angeles, despite opposition from city leaders and California’s Governor. The troops were deployed in response to widespread protests against Trump’s immigration crackdown. On 19 June, a three-judge panel stated that Trump acted within his authority to deploy the troops to "protect federal personnel... [and] property.” Trump hailed it as a "big win."

DRC and Rwanda: US mediates a provisional peace agreement; draft agreement to be signed on 27 June.
On 18 June, the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Rwanda signed a provisional agreement to de-escalate the conflict in eastern DRC following three days of dialogue in Washington, DC. The draft agreement would be signed by DRC and Rwanda on 27 June in the presence of US Secretary of State Marco Rubio. The draft agreement includes disarmament, the integration of non-state armed groups, and the return of refugees and internally displaced people.

19 June 2025, Thursday
The World Today # 24

Trump on Iran: MAGA coalition wants US not to intervene in Iran; Trump says "I may do it. I may not do it." 
On 19 June, Reuters reported that the MAGA coalition is divided over US intervention in Iran and wants Trump not to join the new Middle East war. Top lieutenant and MAGA supporter Steve Bannon says "We can't do this again," and "We can't have another Iraq." Answering if he would join Israel in attacking Iran, Trump responds "Nobody knows what I'm going to do."

Israel-Iran Crisis - Day 7: Tehran and Tel Aviv continue to strike each other.
On 19 June, Iran's missiles that targeted a military site accidentally hit a hospital nearby. 89 injuries were reported across Israel due to the overnight attacks. Prime Minister Netanyahu said that they would "exact the full price from the tyrants in Tehran." Israel's forces attacked the Arak heavy water reactor and Natanz facility. Eliminating the Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei is stated as one of the war goals by Israel's Defence Minister.

Japan & US: Nippon Steel acquires US Steel.
On 18 June, Nippon Steel’s USD 14.9 billion acquisition of US Steel was closed after the Japanese company’s 18-month struggle to finalise the purchase. Nippon bought 100 per cent of US Steel shares at USD 55 per share. A national security agreement as part of the filing revealed that it gives the President the authority to name a board member as well as a non-economic golden share. It also gives the US government veto power over various corporate decisions.

War in Gaza: Israeli strikes kill 140 in the last 24 hours.
On 18 June, Israeli airstrikes and gunfire reportedly killed at least 40 Palestinians, eleven of whom were awaiting humanitarian aid from the United Nations. Fourteen people were killed along the Salahuddin road in Central Gaza as the Israel Defence Forces (IDF) opened fire at a crowd awaiting aid, claiming that they posed a threat to the forces. Airstrikes in Khan Younis in Southern Gaza killed five people while twenty-one people were killed in the Maghazi refugee camp in Gaza city.

18 June 2025, Wednesday
The World Today # 23

Israel-Iran Crisis - Day 6: Iran Supreme Leader rejects US President's call for "unconditional surrender".
On 18 June, Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei stated that Iran will not accept Donald Trump’s call for “unconditional surrender” and said: “The Americans should know that any US military intervention will undoubtedly be accompanied by irreparable damage."

Second China-Central Asia Summit: Treaty of Permanent Good-Neighbourliness and Friendly Cooperation signed; China pledges USD 208.86 million grant assistance to Central Asia.
On 17 June, China and the five Central Asian countries signed the Treaty of Permanent Good-Neighbourliness and Cooperation. China has also pledged CNY 1.5 billion (USD 208.86 million) to aid Central Asia's public welfare projects and developmental goals and announced the establishment of three cooperation centres on poverty reduction, education exchange, and desertification prevention and control. President Xi has also called to deepen cooperation between the parties in sectors of trade, investment, mining, and connectivity, among others.

The War in Ukraine: Russia's missile and drone attacks on Kyiv kill 28.
On 18 June, the BBC reports on Russia's missile and drone attacks, on Kyiv, killing 28 and injuring more than 100. This attack is reported as the largest one since the beginning of the Ukraine-Russia war. According to Russia's Defence Ministry, the target was Ukraine's military-industrial complexes.

US-UK: Trump signs an executive order lowering some tariffs on the UK, steel tariffs remain unresolved.
On 16 June, President Trump signed an executive order lowering some tariffs on imports from the UK. Starmer called it "a real sign of strength." The US imposed 25 per cent tax on UK cars and automotive parts, on top of an existing 2.5 per cent levy. This is now reduced to 10 per cent for up to 100,000 cars. However, an agreement on steel and aluminium has not been finalised. Tariffs on this could double to 50 per cent if they do not reach a deal by 9 July.

17June 2025, Tuesday
The World Today # 22

G7: Joint statement says "Iran can never have a nuclear weapon" and calls for immediate de-escalation.
On 16 June, the leaders of the G7 countries issued a joint statement in Kananaskis, Canada. The joint statement says "Iran can never have a nuclear weapon," while calling for immediate de-escalation across the Middle East, including a ceasefire in Gaza. The joint statement was signed by US President Donald Trump, who left the summit early due to the situation in the Middle East.

Second China-Central Asia Summit in Astana: New blueprint for future cooperation in the works; BRI to become the key focus of China-Central Asia cooperation.
On 16 June, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun remarked that the second China-Central Asia Summit will draw a new blueprint for cooperation focusing on the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) to create a "China-Central Asia community with a shared future." He highlighted that not only is Central Asia the first region where the BRI was first proposed, but that all five Central Asian countries are now signatories to BRI cooperation documents and have implemented key projects. The spokesperson also emphasised that trade relations between the two parties have hit a record in increase of 116 per cent since 2013 and the various joint initiatives that cemented "a new model of mutually beneficial cooperation." Earlier, President Xi arrived in Astana and is likely to be there for two days.

China: NBS data projects economic growth in May.
According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) data, China’s economy continues to grow in May. The industrial output rose by 5.8 per cent year-on-year. In the service sector, the service production index increased by 6.2 per cent year-on-year. The total retail sales saw a year-on-year increase of 6.4 per cent and a month-on-month rise of 0.93 per cent.

The Hunger Hotspots report: Worsening food crises in 13 hotspots; Sudan, Palestine, South Sudan, Haiti and Mali face immediate risk of starvation.
On 16 June, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and World Food Programme (WFP) released their semi-annual “Hunger Hotspots” report, warning of worsening acute food insecurity in 13 countries. According to the report, Sudan, Palestine, South Sudan, Haiti, and Mali are hotspots of highest concern due to persisting conflict, economic shocks, and natural hazards. Yemen, the DRC, Myanmar, and Nigeria are now hotspots of very high concern. In Sudan, 24.6 million are projected to face crisis. In South Sudan, 7.7 million (57 per cent of its population) are to face acute food insecurity. In Gaza, the entire 2.1 million population is food insecure, with nearly half a million at famine risk.

Israel-Iran Crisis - Day 5: President Trump says that he wants a "real end" to the issue of nuclear activities in Iran.
On 17 June, President Trump said, "We are looking at better than a ceasefire," and suggested a "real end" to the nuclear dispute with Iran. He also mentioned that he might send senior US officials to Iran to help resolve the crisis. Israel Katz remarked that Iran's Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, could end up like Iraq's former President, Saddam Hussein.

16 June 2025, Monday
The World Today # 21

China and Central Asia: President Xi arrives in Kazakhstan to attend the Second China and Central Asia Summit. 
On 16 June, China’s president attended the second China-Central Asia Summit from June 16 to 18 at the invitation of the Republic of Kazakhstan’s President Kassym-Jomart Tokayev in Kazakhstan in Kazakhstan. Leaders of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan attended the meeting. According to the literature available, the summit will focus on transport, energy, security, governance, security governance, digital economy and green transition. Xi will hold separate meetings with the leaders of Central Asian countries. China’s foreign ministry spokesperson said: “We believe that through the summit, China and the five Central Asian countries will further consolidate mutual trust, build consensus on cooperation, deepen the synergy of strategies, promote the upgrading of cooperation in various fields, and inject more positive energy into building a closer China-Central Asia community with a shared future.

SIPRI Yearbook 2025: Latest report warns of renewed global nuclear arms race and arms control regimes' deterioration.
On 16 June, the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) launched its annual report on the state of armaments, disarmament and international security; warning that the post-Cold War era of nuclear reductions is ending. Of the estimated 12,241 nuclear warheads globally, about 9,614 were in military stockpiles for potential use as of January 2025. Nearly all the nine nuclear-armed states– the US, Russia, the UK, France, China, India, Pakistan, North Korea, and Israel- intensified nuclear modernisation in 2024. “The pace of dismantlement is slowing, while the deployment of new nuclear weapons is accelerating,” SIPRI states. Around 90 per cent of all nuclear weapons belong to Russia and the US together, having around 5,459 and 5,177 nuclear warheads respectively, while China has around 600. China has the fastest-growing arsenal, adding about 100 new warheads per year since 2023, and could possibly have as many ICBMs as Russia or the US by the turn of the decade. North Korea has assembled 50 warheads and has enough fissile material for 40 more, SIPRI estimates.       

Israel-Iran Crisis - Day 4: Iran strikes Tel Aviv and Haifa; Tehran will “pay the price and soon", says Israel's Defence Minister. 
On 16 June, Iran’s missiles struck Tel Aviv and the port city of Haifa. According to Reuters, at least eight people were killed and homes were destroyed. Israel’s Defence Minister, Israel Katz, said that Tehran would “pay the price and soon.” According to news reports (yet to be confirmed), Israel has targeted Iran’s Command Centre of the Quds Force.

G7: Summit to start, amidst the Israel-Iran crisis and Trump's tariff follow-ups; PM Modi is to arrive in Canada today. 
On 16 June, the G7 Summit is to start. President Trump is scheduled to hold a bilateral meeting with Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney. His visit is expected to focus on conflict and trade amid rising international tensions as Trump and other allies continue their quest for a peace accord between Russia and Ukraine, and between Israel and Iran. Prime Minister Modi leaves for Canada after his Cyprus visit.

15 June 2025, Sunday
The World Today # 20

Israel-Iran crisis: Both countries attack each other, killing more than 140.
On 15 June, Reuters reported that Israel and Iran launched attacks on each other. Iran has reported at least 138 people killed since Friday. Israel’s authorities stated that at least 10 people were killed and more than 140 were injured. The Israeli military warned people living near weapon facilities to evacuate. Israel’s official stated Israel still has a long list of targets, and the forces have attacked  'dual-use' Iranian fuel sites. US President Trump commented, “If we are attacked in any way, shape or form by Iran, the full strength and might of the U.S. Armed Forces will come down on you at levels never seen before," and the conflict could end easily via a deal between Iran and Israel.

G7: The annual summit starts today in Canada.
On 15 June, G7 leaders gather in Kananaskis, Canada. The G7 summit is attended by several member countries and the European Union. Following heads of state from non-G7 countries are also taking part: including Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, and Saudi Arabian Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. This summit aims to include wildfires, the global economy, the Israel-Iran crisis, and the Russia-Ukraine war.

Russia and Israel-Iran Crisis: Putin condemns Israel’s military operation against Iran during a telephone conversation with Trump.
On 14 June, US President Trump and Russia’s President Putin held talks on the Israel and Iran crisis and called on efforts to end it.  Putin’s foreign advisor, Ushakov, stated that Putin condemned the Israeli military operation against Iran and the possible escalation. Russia offered to help with talks and to resolve issues concerning Iran’s nuclear programme. US President commented that the “war in Israel-Iran should end” and “his (Russia's) war should also end.”

Southeast Asia: Cambodia files a case at the ICJ on its border dispute with Thailand.
On 15 June, Cambodia turned to the International Court of Justice (ICJ) to resolve its border disputes with Thailand. Cambodia's Prime Minister Hun Manet posted a picture of the Deputy Prime Minister holding the letter to the ICJ. Thailand has not made a statement regarding the case in the ICJ, and the bilateral talks in the Joint Boundary Commission were inconclusive. This day also marks the 63rd anniversary of the 1962 Preah Vihear case in which the ICJ's verdict favoured Cambodia.

US: On the 250th anniversary of the US Army. President Trump praises the military: "They fight, fight, fight, and they win, win, win."
On 15 June, President Trump addressed the military parade to commemorate the 250th anniversary of the US Army, which also coincided with his birthday. He conveyed his gratitude to the military and recalled historical incidents of the US Army. He also called the US "the hottest country in the world." The parade held in Washington, D.C., featured 7,000 troops, 150 military vehicles, and 50 aircraft as the "No Kings" protest flared up in major cities such as New York, Philadelphia, Houston, Atlanta, and Los Angeles

14 June 2025, Saturday
The World Today # 19

Israel-Iran Crisis- Day 2: Following Iran’s counter-strike, Israel resumes attacks on Iran; Israel’s Defence Minister warned that “Tehran will burn.”
On 14 June, Iran launched several ballistic missiles on Israel’s defence structures in Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, killing three civilians. The US has reportedly helped Israel shoot down several missiles. Israel’s Defence Minister Israel Katz responded to the strikes warning that “the citizens of Iran will pay a heavy price” and that “Tehran will burn,” if Iran does not back down. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu added that “more is on the way.”

US and Nippon Steel: President Trump signs executive order to approve Nippon Steel's bid for U