THE WORLD THIS WEEK
#369, Vol 2, No 156
06 July 2026, Monday
Aarav Bhaskar, Acsah H, Avanessh S, Dhivya M, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Yesasvi Koganti

The War in Ukraine: Russia strikes Kyiv, killing at least 12; Ukraine strikes Moscow’s oil infrastructure
On 06 July, Reuters reported that Russia’s missile and drone strike on Kyiv killed at least 12 people, injuring 117. Ukraine's air force data showed it was unable to intercept any of the 23 ballistic missiles fired by Russia. President Zelenskyy said, "As long as Patriot missiles sit in our allies' stockpiles, Russia is only encouraged to keep destroying residential buildings," in a post on X. Russia's Defense Ministry stated that it conducted the attack on Ukraine using air, land, and sea-launched weapons and drones, striking military and energy targets. On the same day, Ukraine is reported to have struck three oil refineries and an oil ‌terminal in the Baltic Sea port of Vysotsk, with Ukraine’s General Staff stating that the NOVATEK-Ust Luga refinery ‌was also ⁠hit in the Leningrad region. Additionally, on 05 July, Reuters reported that President Trump spoke separately to President Putin and President Zelenskyy, offering to find a solution to the war.
(“Russian strikes kill 12 in Kyiv as Ukraine runs low on air defences,” Reuters, 06 July 2026; “Ukraine's military strikes Russian oil refineries, oil terminal in Vysotsk,” Reuters, 06 July 2026; “Trump offers to help Putin find deal with Ukraine, also speaks with Zelenskiy,” Reuters, 05 July 2026; “Zelenskyy calls for ‘strong decisions’ at Nato summit after Russia kills 14 in overnight strikes on Kyiv – Europe live,” The Guardian, 06 July 2026)

Iran: Mojtaba Khamenei absent for father’s funeral, mourners call for ‘vengeance’ against Trump
On 05 and 06 July, Reuters reported that three sons of the late-Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei had appeared for his funeral, but his successor Ayatollah Mojtaba Khamenei was notably absent. Iran’s state television showed Mostafa, Meysam and Masoud Khamenei praying beside the coffin of Ali Khamenei. Ali Khamenei and several senior Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) commanders were killed on the opening day of the Iran-US war on 28 February. After a day lying in state indoors for foreign dignitaries and officials to visit, Ali Khamenei’s coffin was displayed outdoors for the general public on 05 July in Tehran’s Imam Khomeini Grand Mosalla courtyard alongside slain members of his famiy. His successor Mojtaba Khamenei was not present, with speculations of grievous injuries to his face and his limbs. It was attended by hundreds of thousands of mourners including students, soldiers, and ordinary men and women. Mourners brought banners and protest signboards which called for ‘vengeance’ against US President Donald Trump, amongst similar calls to other Western leaders such as Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, and Vice President JD Vance.
(“Three sons of Iran's slain leader Khamenei appear at funeral, not his successor,” Reuters, 05 July 2026; “Iranian mourners call for vengeance on Trump during Khamenei funeral procession,” Reuters, 06 July 2026)

Mali: Rebels launch new attacks, according to army
On 04 July 2026, Al Jazeera reported that multiple attacks had occurred in five locations across Mali. It was reported that Aguelhok, Gao, Sevare, Kenieroba and Anefis had been targetted. Residents reported hearing open fire during early hours of the morning, as fighting began. Subsequently, the army stated that 20 "terrorists" had been slain and that the situation was "under control." A prison in Kenieroba was also attacked, and separatist groups have also carried out a fuel blockade, throttling the capital's residents and businesses of resources.
("Mali’s army says rebels launch new attacks on towns and cities," Al Jazeera, 04 July, 2026, "Mali government reports rebel attacks targeting northern towns," AP News, 04 July 2026)

China: Beijing fires submarine-launched ballistic missile into the Pacific
On 06 July, Reuters reported that China’s People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) fired a submarine-launched ballistic missile into the Pacific as reported by state media. PLAN fired the missile from a nuclear submarine, which carried a dummy warhead towards international waters in the Pacific. It comes mere hours after Australia’s media reported China’s officials briefing about the test to regional government.  China’s Xinhua News Agency stated that the test was a “routine arrangement” and “was not directed against any specific country or target.” Australia’s Foreign Minister Penny Wong stated that while they had informed of the test, although “this proposed test is in the context of a rapid military buildup by China, which is lacking in the transparency and reassurance as to intent that the region expects.” Japan and New Zealand had expressed “concerns” over China’s increased military activities. New Zealand’s Foreign Minister Winston Peters stated that the test is “an unwelcome and concerning development. We, like our neighbours in other Pacific countries, have no interest in China using the South Pacific as a testing site for missile capability.”
(“China test fires missile into Pacific, alarming regional powers,” Reuters, 06 July 2026)

Sudan: UN Rights Council orders urgent inquiry on violence in al-Obeid
On 06 July, Reuters reported that UN Human Rights Council, which adopted a resolution moved by the UK and 14 other nations that condemned the increasing violence by Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) in al-Obeid calling for an urgent investigation. The UN’s Human Rights Chief had previously spoken of a catastrophe unfolding in al-Obeid, referring to a pattern of executions, abductions, torture, and sexual violence. However, the RSF denies these allegations throughout the ongoing civil war lasting three years. While the resolution passed without a vote, China dissociated itself from the decision, opposing single-country investigations. Additionally, Africa’s rights groups criticized the motion for failing to explicitly name external actors, such as the UAE who are accused by the Sudanese army of fueling the civil war by supplying the RSF with military drones and weapons.
("UN rights council orders urgent inquiry into Sudan's al-Obeid," Reuters, 06 July 2026)

The UK and Russia: Sanctions imposed on two Moscow research institutes ahead of NATO summit at Ankara 
On 06 July, Reuters reported that the UK sanctioned two of Russia’s research institutes, accuding their senior staff for being connected with Moscow’s chemical weapons programme which wasd involved in poisoning Russia’s opposition activist, Alexei Navalny. This comes ahead of the NATO summit at Ankara against the backdrop of similar move made by the EU. The UK government stated that those who were sanctioned were involving in developing the Novichok agent and Epibatidine. UK’s Foreign Minister Yvette Cooper stated that Russia’s use of chemicals was a violation of international law and a global security threat. 
(“UK sanctions Russians it says developed chemical weapons used to kill Navalny,” Reuters, 06 July 2026)

The World Tomorrow 
Lekshmi MK
NATO Summit 2026: Leaders of member states are set to meet in Turkiye 
During 07-08 July, leaders of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) will meet in Ankara, Turkiye, for the 2026 NATO Summit. The summit is expected to focus on strengthening the Alliance's collective defence amid evolving security challenges, including the ongoing war in Ukraine, tensions with Russia, and instability in the Middle East. Member states are likely to discuss defence spending commitments, military readiness, defence industrial production, cyber security, and emerging technologies. Continued support for Ukraine and measures to reinforce NATO's eastern flank are also expected to feature on the agenda. The summit comes at a time of heightened geopolitical uncertainty and increasing calls for greater burden-sharing among allies. Leaders are expected to review progress on previous commitments and outline the Alliance's strategic priorities for the coming year. The outcomes of the summit are likely to influence NATO's future security posture and transatlantic cooperation.
("NATO Ankara summit: who's going and what to expect," Reuters, 06 July 2026)

Today in History
Avaneesh S
06 July 1995: Bosnian Serb Army launches Operation Krivaja ‘95 and begins its assault of Srebrenica 
On 06 July 1995, The Vojska Republike Srpske also known as the Bosnian Serb Army (BSA) of the secessionist republic Republika Srpska within the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina launched a fresh offensive into the UN-declared “safe area” of Srebrenica. On 08 March 1995, President of Republika Srpska Radovan Karadžić issued “Directive 7” which ordered the BSA troops target ethnic Islamic Bosniaks with impunity. The town was already under siege by BSA for three years from April 1992 to 06 July 1995. BSA troops under Ratko Mladić launched Operation Krivaja '95 on this day, facing minimal resistance from the stationed Dutch troops of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and the Republican Bosnian army. The operation had led to an expulsion of more than 20,000 civilians to the UN base in Potočari , and BSA set fire to Bosniak homes and villages. On 11 July 1995, General Mladić entered the town and stated that “the time has come to take revenge on the Turks in this region,” following which the Srebrenica massacre began. BSA troops slaughtered more than 8,000 Bosniak Muslim men, of which more than 1,000 are yet to be found.
("From Words to Violence: Lives Behind the Fields of Death," United Nations; "Srebrenica: Timeline of a genocide," United Nations International Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals)

#368, Vol 2, No 155
04 July 2026, Saturday
Aarav Bhaskar, Acsah H, Dhivya K M, Lekshmi MK, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Yesasvi Koganti

The War in Ukraine: Russia claims capture of Kostiantynivka; Kyiv denies claims
On 04 July, Reuters reported on Russia's armed forces stating that they captured Kostiantynivka in eastern Ukraine. The Chief of the General Staff of Russia, General Valery Gerasimov, called the city an important defensive hub. President Putin stated that this was a strategic victory and added that security zones in Russia would be expanded due to the increased on oil infrastructure. However, President Zelenskyy, on X, said that the city was under the control of Ukraine and this claim was "another lie of Russians." Additionally, an oil terminal in St Petersburg, Vysotsk port in the Baltic Sea and Leningrad were attacked by Ukraine’s drones, with President Zelenskyy adding that Ukraine’s forces also struck Kronstadt, a naval base near St Petersburg.
("Russian defence ministry says its forces captured Kostiantynivka in eastern Ukraine," Reuters, 04 July 2026; "Zelenskyy denies Russian capture of key eastern city Kostiantynivka," Reuters, 04 July 2026; "St Petersburg region port, oil terminal hit in major Ukrainian drone attack," Reuters, 04 July 2026)

The US: Trump marks 250th Independence Day with call to defend American values
On 04 July, Reuters reported on President Donald Trump addressing in the 250th anniversary celebrations, urging Americans to protect historical freedoms from a “communist” threat posed by progressive Democrats. Trump added that “ newcomers” also pose a threat, combining his anti-communist rhetoric with anti-immigrant themes and calling for their expulsion. Later, President Trump returned to address a rally on Washington's National Mall, while Americans nationwide celebrated with parades, fireworks, and historic events.
(“Trump extols America, rails at communism in US 250th celebration,” Reuters, 04 July 2026; “Trump to mark U.S. 250th anniversary with campaign-style rally on National Mall,” Reuters, 04 July 2026)

Iran and Japan: Oil talks resume amid temporary US sanctions waiver
On 03 July, Reuters reported that Iran has been in talks with Japan’s oil buyers, who expressed interest in longer guarantees and safe shipping. Iran’s national oil company, NIOC, has asked traditional buyers like Japan to resume purchasing if sanctions are lifted. This comes in the backdrop of the US sanctions waiver that ends on 21 August as part of the 60 days of peace talks between Iran and the US. Trump’s 2018 sanctions caused Japan, South Korea, India, and Europe to stop buying oil from Iran. Since then, China has been Iran’s main buyer. Analysts state that due to high inventory levels and the temporary nature of US sanctions waivers, independent refineries from China remain the primary buyers of the oil.
(“Iran exploring oil sales to Japan, buyers seek longer sanctions waiver, sources say,” Reuters, 03 July 2026)

China: Beijing launches new coast guard patrols in the east of Taiwan
On 04 July, Reuters reported that China had launched a new coast guard patrol to the east of Taiwan. China's coast guard stated that it would conduct "Law enforcement patrols" in the region to safeguard territorial sovereignty and China's interests. Taiwan's government condemned the new patrol, remarking that it was illegal and that China had no jurisdiction over the waters. Taiwan's Coast Guard stated it will "continue to employ all necessary measures to expel Chinese vessels harassing our waters." This is the second time within the last couple of months that China has sent its coast guard to waters off Taiwan's coast, which has drawn scrutiny from the US, Britain, France, and Germany.
("China launches coast guard patrol east of Taiwan despite international pushback," Reuters, 04 July 2026)

Ebola Outbreak: Cases rise to 1,502 in DRC
On 04 July, Reuters reported that the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) had 1,502 confirmed Ebola cases, with 473 people killed, based on the data released recently. The cases were recorded in the eastern provinces of Ituri, North Kivu, and South Kivu. Additionally, on 03 July, the BBC reported that the WHO announced a trial of potential treatments for the outbreak. This trial is coordinated by scientists at the Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale in the DRC, the Institute of Tropical Medicine in Belgium, and the University of Oxford in the UK, where patients will be tested on two antiviral drugs.
("Congo says number of confirmed Ebola cases rises to 1,502" by Reuters, 04 July 2026; “Ebola treatments trial begins in DR Congo,” BBC, 03 July 2026)

#367, Vol 2, No 154
03 July 2026, Friday
Aarav Bhaskar, Dhivya K M, Lekshmi MK, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Yesasvi Koganti

Iran: Tehran begins week-long state funeral for Khamenei
On 03 July, Reuters reported that Iran began a week-long state funeral for Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei at Tehran’s Imam Khomeini Grand Mosalla. Clerics, military commanders, foreign dignitaries, and thousands of mourners attended under tight security. The funeral procession will continue through Qom, Najaf, and Kerbala before Khamenei’s burial on 09 July in Mashhad. According to The Guardian, Iran is portraying the ceremonies as a display of national unity and resilience following the conflict with the US and Israel. Delegations from Iraq, Armenia, Pakistan, Russia, and China are also expected. However, the symbolism contrasts with mounting economic hardship, sanctions, and weakening domestic support for the clerical establishment.
(“Khamenei lies in state in Tehran as Iran begins week of funeral ceremonies,” Reuters, 03 July 2026; “Iran war live: Ali Khamenei funeral under way as dignitaries arrive,” Al Jazeera, 03 July 2026; “Ali Khamenei’s six-day funeral expected to draw millions in Iran,” The Guardian, 03 July 2026)

France: Record-breaking heatwave leaves thousands dead, intensifing wildfire risk
On 03 July, the BBC reported that Europe is suffering from a record-breaking June heatwave that resulted in thousands of deaths, triggering severe wildfires. There were 2,025 extra deaths in France during the final week of June when temperature averages in the whole country surged to as high as 41 degree Celsius in Paris in later June. Deaths increased by 29 per cent across the country and very sharply to 62 per cent in the Paris region alone. The officials warned the initial figures are likely underestimates. Furthermore, driven by climate change, the sweltering conditions have sparked nearly 7,000 wildfires in France, burning 8,700 hectares and forcing thousands of evacuations. Forecasters warn of further extreme temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius over the weekend, prompting Portugal to declare a state of alert and Spain to issue orange warnings.
("France records 2,025 excess deaths at peak of heatwave as Europe braces for more extreme weather," BBC, 03 July 2026)

The War in Gaza: Security Cabinet approves 13 new West Bank settlements 
On 03 July, Al Jazeera reported that Israel's Security Cabinet approved a plan to build 13 new settlements in the Binyamin area of the occupied West Bank. Several existing settlements are also set to be made official, allowing them to receive government money and basic infrastructure. The plan covers two corridors, which are areas northwest of Jerusalem and west of Ramallah, and land stretching towards the Jordan Valley. Palestinian officials said the plan is meant to connect settlement blocs, strengthen Israel's grip over key hilltops, and break up Palestinian land. More than 700,000 of Israel's settlers now live in the West Bank and East Jerusalem, land Israel took in the 1967 war.
("Israel approves plan to establish 13 new settlements in occupied West Bank," Al Jazeera, 03 July 2026)

Sudan: OHCHR Commissioner says "human rights catastrophe" is unfolding
On 03 July, Reuters reported that UN High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker Turk was concerned about human rights violations occurring around the city of al-Obeid, warning the world about the pattern of atrocities. Al-Obeid is a focus of fighting between the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) and the Sudanese army. Turk further stated that citizens had shortages of clean water and had been subjected to relentless drone strikes and faced execution, abduction, torture, and sexual violence. The British Human Rights Commissioner, Eleanor Sanders, warned that up to 500,000 civilians were at risk of atrocities.
("Human rights catastrophe unfolding in Sudan's al-Obeid, says UN's Turk," Reuters, 03 July 2026)

NATO: Ankara summit to focus on easing alliance strains and boosting defence spending
On 03 July, Reuters reported that NATO leaders are set to meet in Ankara on 07 and 08 July for the annual leaders' summit. Reuters reported that European allies hope to show they are spending more on defence to ease tensions with the US. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte said the summit would focus on putting higher spending to use, with arms deals worth tens of billions of dollars expected to be signed. European members and Canada spent USD 90 billion more on defence in 2025 than the year before, bringing the total to over USD 570 billion. Leaders are also expected to pledge their support for Ukraine. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskyy will attend a dinner hosted by Turkey's President Tayyip Erdogan.
("NATO leaders to gather in Ankara, aiming to smooth over tensions with Trump," Reuters, 03 July 2026)

#366, Vol 2, No 153
02 July 2026, Thursday
Aarav Bhaskar, Acsah H, Dhivya K M, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Yesasvi Koganti

The US-Iran Talks: Discussions conclude in Doha without a breakthrough as the Hormuz dispute persists
On 02 July, Reuters reported that the US and Iran concluded a two-day round of indirect technical talks in Doha, failing to make any definitive breakthrough. Mediated by Qatar and Pakistan’s officials, the discussions focused heavily on clarifying maritime traffic protocols through the strategic Strait of Hormuz and securing the release of unfrozen funds of Iran. While US President Donald Trump publicly suggested progress was being made toward denuclearization, sources familiar with the technical sessions stated that Iran's nuclear program was not discussed. Instead, friction remains centered on the strategic waterway, with Tehran seeking explicit international recognition of its territorial control, including plans to impose shipping tolls by mid-August. Despite persistent tension, oil prices fell to a four-month low following Trump’s remarks downplaying a return to all-out conflict. Talks are scheduled to resume after the funeral of the late Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.On 02 July, Reuters reported that the US and Iran concluded a two-day round of indirect technical talks in Doha, failing to make any definitive breakthrough. Mediated by Qatar and Pakistan’s officials, the discussions focused heavily on clarifying maritime traffic protocols through the strategic Strait of Hormuz and securing the release of unfrozen funds of Iran. While President Trump publicly suggested progress was being made toward denuclearisation, sources familiar with the technical sessions stated that Iran's nuclear program was not discussed. Instead, friction remains centered on the strategic waterway, with Tehran seeking explicit international recognition of its territorial control, including plans to impose shipping tolls by mid-August. Despite persistent tension, oil prices fell to a four-month
(“US, Iran talks conclude in Doha, focused on Strait of Hormuz,” Reuters, 02 July 2026)

India and Japan: Modi and Takaichi sign deals on AI, defence, energy, and metals
On 02 July, Reuters reported that India and Japan signed a series of agreements covering artificial intelligence, metals, energy, and defence after talks between India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Japan’s Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi in New Delhi. Takaichi, who arrived with a large business delegation, is on a three-day visit to India. Both countries adopted three documents on economic security, energy resilience, and AI. The two sides also signed their first-ever joint defence co-development project. PM Modi said that combining Japan’s precision technology with India’s software capabilities would give a new momentum and strength to global AI development. PM Takaichi said the two nations would leverage each other’s strengths to grow strong and prosperous together. 
(“India, Japan sign pacts on AI, metals and energy after Modi-Takaichi talks,” Reuters, 02 July 2026)

Syria and Lebanon: Foreign Minister Shibani visits Beirut; says open to meet Hezbollah for talks
On 02 July, Reuters reported that, according to Lebanon’s state news agency, Syria’s Foreign Minister Asaad al-Shibani, during a visit to Beirut, stated that Syria is open to meeting Hezbollah, while Hezbollah was not discussed during the meetings. This is against the backdrop of US President Trump suggesting that Israel should let Syria handle Hezbollah, Syria’s President Sharaa stating that reports of Syrian forces entering Lebanon are false, and reports that Israeli forces destroyed several houses in Hadatha. Additionally, FM Shibani announced a new high-level cooperation committee between the two countries, emphasizing that Syria's goal is to move past historical tensions and build positive bilateral ties with Lebanon. 
(“Syrian foreign minister says Syria open to meeting Hezbollah, Lebanese state media reports,” Reuters, 02 July 2026)

The US: Trump administration declines to extend USMCA
On 01 July, Reuters reported that the Trump administration declined to extend the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement(USMCA). This starts a 10-year countdown to end the trade deal unless all three countries agree to changes. The US reportedly intends to rewrite the rules to bring back manufacturing jobs and cut trade deficits with Mexico and Canada. The current deal stays active for the next decade and will face annual reviews. A bilateral meeting between the US and Mexico is scheduled in Mexico City during the week of 20 July, focusing on strengthening manufacturing rules for cars and industrial goods while preventing other countries from exploiting the trade agreement. Additionally, Mexico wants to address US concerns about trade deficits and job losses. However, while both countries remain divided over stricter automotive manufacturing rules, Mexico’s Economy Minister Ebrard emphasized after a virtual meeting with US and Canadian officials stated that no dispute is too large to resolve. 
(“US declines to extend North American trade deal, starting clock to end it while seeking changes,” Reuters, 01 July 2026)

Israel and Iran: Tehran warns Washington and Jerusalem against attacks ahead of Khamenei's funeral
On 02 July, Reuters reported that a military commander of Iran issued a warning to Washington and Tel Aviv, cautioning against any military action as Tehran prepares for the state funeral of Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Commander of Khatam al-Anbiya Central Headquarters, Ali Abdollahi, warned Washington and Tel Aviv “to avoid any miscalculation and to think about the harsh retaliation our armed forces would make to any threat and aggression against our country,” in Iran’s state media. Moreover, Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi also said that Tehran was ready to take a "satisfying and effective" "immediate and powerful" response against any threat to the people and leadership of the country. The warning follows remarks from Israel’s Defence Minister Israel Katz, who claimed that Iran’s current Supreme Leader, Mojtaba Khamenei, was "marked for death." Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi, in turn, asserted Tehran would respond swiftly to threats against its leadership. State funeral processions are scheduled to begin on 04 July in Tehran and conclude with a burial in Mashhad on 09 July, prompting heightened domestic security measures and temporary airspace restrictions across major cities of Iran.
("Iran warns US, Israel against attacks ahead of funeral processions for Khamenei," Reuters, 02 July 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches massive drone and missile attacks on Kyiv
On 02 July, Reuters reported that Russia launched drone and missile attacks on Kyiv, killing 18 people. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that “Air defence supplies for Ukraine are an absolute and critical priority,” as he returned from Ireland. Ukraine’s Air Force Spokesperson, said that Russia launched 74 missiles and 496 drones, further stating that the interception rate for ⁠them was low. Russia’s Defence Ministry said that Moscow had launched a "massive attack" and that this was in response to Ukraine’s drone strikes over the last week. The Mayor of Kyiv announced a day of mourning, saying that damage was recorded across the entire city. Additionally, during the attack, Poland was reported to have scrambled fighter jets as a preventive measure. Likewise, Finland also issued a temporary aviation restriction zone in the Gulf of Finland. Kaja Kallas, EU's Foreign Policy Chief said, “Today, I will propose to sanction more entities supporting Russia’s military-industrial complex in response to the strikes,” in a post on X.
("Russia bombards Kyiv in major strike, at least 18 people killed," Reuters, 02 July 2026)

Iran: Revolutionary Guards kill Kurdish militants in the northwest
On 02 July, Reuters reported that Iran’s Revolutionary Guards said they had killed five members of the banned Democratic Party of Iranian Kurdistan in mountainous border areas near Piranshahr in West Azerbaijan province. According to Kurdish rights group Hengaw, the clashes took place on Wednesday evening. Separately, Iran's state media reported that two Revolutionary Guards were killed and two wounded in a shooting in Kermanshah province on Monday evening. A newly formed Kurdish armed group claimed the attack, saying it was retaliation for the Guards’ role in suppressing the 2022 to 2023 protest movement. The clashes come amid heightened tensions between Tehran and Kurdish groups. 
(“Iran’s Revolutionary Guards say they killed Kurdish militants in northwest Iran,” Reuters, 02 July 2026)

Sudan: Amnesty deems RSF committed crimes against humanity
On 01 July, The Guardian reported that, according to Amnesty International, the Sudanese Rapid Support Forces (RSF) committed crimes against humanity during their efforts to capture El Fasher. It was reported that the RSF committed murder, torture, rape, enslavement, and sexual slavery on a wide scale against citizens, amounting to crimes against humanity. The RSF was also accused by Amnesty of purposefully targeting children. These accusations come after the RSF successfully captured El Fasher in October, the last Sudan Armed Forces stronghold in the region. The UN further remarked that the RSF had shown "hallmarks of genocide" in its actions towards non-Arab communities. Amnesty concluded that the attacks the RSF carried out were due to the victim's ethnicity, furthermore. Additionally, Amnesty cites three RSF commanders who were responsible for severe violations: Major Gen Gedo Hamdan Ahmed Mohamed, Lieutenant Col Abbas Khater Bakhit, and Commander Al-Fateh Abdullah Idris.
("Sudan’s RSF committed crimes against humanity in El Fasher, Amnesty says," The Guardian, 01 July 2026)

#365, Vol 2, No 152
01 July 2026, Wednesday
Aarav Bhaskar, Acsah H, Ada Khan, Avaneesh S, Dhivya K M, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Yesasvi Koganti

The US-Iran talks: Technical talks begin in Qatar; disputes over the Strait of Hormuz remain 
On 01 July, Reuters and Al Jazeera reported that the US and Iran began indirect technical talks in Doha, mediated by Qatar and Pakistan, as both sides tried to work out the details of a ceasefire and reopen the Strait of Hormuz to shipping. The talks started on 30 June, with negotiators and specialists meeting in separate sessions, as senior US envoys Jared Kushner and Steve Witkoff met with Qatar's Prime Minister and Emir to set the stage but did not sit in on the discussions. Iran wants full control over the strait and the right to charge ships passing through it, as well as the release of USD 6 billion in frozen funds. The US wants ships to move freely without tolls or restrictions. President Trump told reporters the talks were going well and that Iran had "come a long way," while Iran's foreign minister warned of an immediate response to any threat, referring to Israel, in a sharp post on social media.
("US and Iran enter technical talks to secure peace deal, shipping restart," Reuters, 01 July 2026; "Trump says the US and Iran getting along very well," Reuters, 01 July 2026; "Iran warns of immediate response to any threat, cites US commitment to restrain Israel," Reuters, 01 July 2026; "Iran war live: 'Technical' talks under way in Doha as Tehran demands action," Al Jazeera, 01 July 2026)

Lebanon: Around 400,000 displaced Lebanese return home as fighting eases, rebuilding hurdles persist 
On 01 July, Reuters reported that around 400,000 Lebanese displaced due to the Israel and Hezbollah conflict have returned to southern Lebanon. According to Lebanon’s Social Affairs Minister, this return is encouraged by a lull in the four-month-long conflict. Roughly 40 percent of the nearly one million people forced to flee since March are expected to return. However, many families remain unable to return as their homes are either destroyed or uninhabitable. Authorities state that nearly 90,000 housing units have been damaged or destroyed, while basic services and livelihoods remain severely disrupted. The returns follow a US-brokered framework agreement under which Lebanon’s army will gradually take control of areas held by Israel’s forces as Hezbollah is disarmed. The government says Lebanon will require billions of dollars for reconstruction and is continuing emergency assistance, shelter, and cash support for those still displaced.
(“Hundreds of thousands of Lebanese head home as fighting eases, many still stranded,” Reuters, 01 July 2026)

Venezuela: US deploys military personnel for earthquake relief in Caracas and Caribbean islands
On 01 July, Reuters reported that the US has deployed over 900 military personnel to help with relief and rescue operations in Venezuela. It had also deployed an additional 800 troops to Puerto Rico and Curacao in the Caribbean. Venezuela was struck by two major earthquakes of 7.2 and 7.5 magnitude last week. Commander of US Southern Command General Francis Donovan stated that they've begun using air assets such as MQ-9 Reaper drones and helicopters to assist the relief efforts. Reuters additionally reports that Venezuela's government is under increasing criticism over its delayed efforts in search-and-rescue operations. 
("US military deploys over 900 personnel to Venezuela for earthquake response," Reuters, 01 July 2026)

China: World Bank to phase out lending by 2031
On 30 June, Reuters reported that the World Bank plans to phase out lending to China by 2031, reflecting China's transformation into the world's second-largest economy. Under the proposed five-year partnership framework, the World Bank will gradually reduce annual lending while increasing its focus on global public goods, including climate change mitigation, environmental sustainability, and knowledge sharing. The decision follows years of pressure from several member countries, particularly developed economies, which have argued that China no longer requires traditional development financing. 
("World Bank to phase out China lending by 2031, source says," Reuters, 30 June 2026)

The US: The Supreme Court rules in favour of birthright citizenship and against transgender participation in sports 
On 30 June, Reuters reported that the US Supreme Court, in a 6-to-3 ruling, said President Trump's directive on birthright citizenship violated the 14th Amendment of the Constitution that guarantees citizenship to anyone born in the United States, with a few exceptions. Following the court’s ruling, Trump said on social media that this was "too bad for our Country" and urged Congress "to work on ending expensive and unfair to our Country, Birthright Citizenship." Additionally, on the note of transgender participation in sports, the court decided 9-to-0 that state laws do not violate the civil rights statute that bars discrimination in education "on the basis of sex." In response to this, President Trump stated, "BIG WIN: The United States Supreme Court just RULED AGAINST MEN PLAYING IN WOMEN'S SPORTS. Wow! That takes that ridiculous situation off the table!!!"
("Supreme Court spurns Trump on birthright citizenship, allows transgender sports bans," Reuters, 01 July 2026)

France: Green party moves to topple government over heatwave response
On 01 July, Reuters reported that France's Green Party lawmakers said they would call a vote to oust Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's government. They blamed the government for not doing enough to protect people during the deadly heatwave that hit Europe from 20 June. The Greens also warned that another wave of extreme heat was coming the following week. Green leader Cyrielle Chatelain said the government was not ready, not just for the heatwave that had already passed, but for the next one too. The government's spokesperson called the move a political manoeuvre and said the government was focused on handling the crisis. France recorded at least 1,000 extra deaths during the heatwave, with health officials warning the real number could be even higher. PM Lecornu kept the country's health emergency response at its highest level as temperatures were expected to rise again over the weekend.
("French government seen facing no-confidence vote over heatwave handling," Reuters, 01 July 2026)

South Africa: Over 900 arrested during anti-immigrant demonstrations
On 01 July, Reuters reported that of the 120 anti-immigrant marches across the country, 108 were peaceful and 12 required police intervention. 900 arrests occurred, of which the reasons included immigration violations, violence, theft, and harboring of unauthorized migrants. Moreover, on 30 June, an individual was shot dead in Alexandria, where residents were looting immigrant-run shops. In Johannesburg, soldiers were deployed after two people were injured in a shooting. Meanwhile, in Durban, a foreign national, believing he was being targeted, allegedly jumped from an 8th-floor window, dying.
("Over 900 arrested during South African anti-migrant protests," Reuters, 1 July 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv seeks EUR 6.6 billion from EU Peace Facility to boost military aid amid battlefield opportunity
On 01 July, Reuters reported that Ukraine is seeking its EU partners to allocate EUR 6.6 billion from the European Peace Facility (EPF) to strengthen its military. Arguing that the next six to nine months present a critical opportunity to improve its position on the battlefield. In a letter to EU counterparts, Defence Minister Mykhailo Fedorov stated that Ukraine's total defence needs for 2026 are estimated at EUR 136 billion, while the national budget covers only EUR 53 billion. While Kyiv expects to receive EUR 28.3 billion in defence support from the EU's EUR 90 billion loan programme, significant funding gaps remain. Furthermore, Fedorov also said directing unused EPF resources to Ukraine would provide one of Europe's most impactful military contributions this year. He also recently sought an additional USD 20 billion in military funding from the Ukraine Defence Contact Group.
(“Ukraine seeks €6.6 billion from EU's peace fund for military aid,” Reuters, 01 July 2026)

Myanmar: 3.6 billion USD dam project to restart with China's support
On 01 July, Reuters reported that the Myanmar government aims to complete a 3.6 billion USD dam project in the northern state of Kachin within 8 years. The work, suspended in 2011, is expected to resume soon and create Myanmar's largest hydropower project. It is also expected to be among Southeast Asia's largest hydropower projects with an installed capacity of 22.5 gigawatts. A revived Myitsone dam project, however, could cost more than 3 times its original price at around 11.5 billion USD. Reuters was unable to determine whether the initial deal of Myanmar sending most of Myitsone's power to China was reworked. Opposition to the project exists, with 49 civil society groups remarking on its lack of public benefit and threat to vulnerable communities.
("Myanmar set to restart contentious $3.6 billion dam project backed by China," Reuters, 01 July 2026)