Ebola expansion in the Democratic Republic of Congo:

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CWA # 2214, 30 July 2026

CW Note

Ebola expansion in the Democratic Republic of Congo:

Akshath Kaimal

In the news
On 22 July, Charité University Hospital in Berlin reported that a US citizen, who was medically evacuated from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), tested positive for Ebola and was receiving treatment in a high-security isolation unit.

On 23 July, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) emphasized that its USD 55.8 million regional preparedness plan still faced a critical funding gap, with only USD 20 million secured.

On 28 July, UNICEF announced that nearly three million children and adolescents are at risk in the outbreak zone.

On 29 July, Uganda was declared Ebola-free after detecting zero cases over the last 42 days, meeting the WHO criterion for ending the outbreak.

As of 29 July, according to the CDC, cases in the DRC stood at 3,360 and deaths at 1,487, representing a case fatality rate (CFR) of over 44 per cent.

Issues at large
1. A recurring and rapidly expanding outbreak, with DRC as the epicentre
The DRC has been the epicentre of Ebola since 1976; this is its 17th outbreak. The 2018-2020 Kivu outbreak was the second largest in history, with a 65 per cent fatality rate. The current outbreak is caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain, for which no approved vaccine or treatment exists. By late July 2026, with more than 3,300 cases and 1,400 deaths, it became the fastest-growing Ebola epidemic on record. While the 2013-2016 epidemic took eight months to reach 1,000 deaths, this outbreak did so in less than ten weeks. The DRC’s location within the Congo Basin places communities close to wildlife reservoirs, particularly fruit bats, increasing the likelihood of repeated spillover events. Yet geography alone does not explain the crisis; a chronically underfunded healthcare system, compounded by a 30 per cent cut in US health assistance in 2025, has severely weakened the country’s outbreak response.

2. Cultural practices and misinformation as accelerating factors
Beyond health infrastructure challenges, cultural practices and widespread misinformation have significantly accelerated Ebola transmission. Traditional burial rituals, which often involve washing and touching the deceased over several days, expose mourners to the virus, which is highly concentrated in bodily fluids after death. According to the WHO, these practices have triggered major chains of transmission. However, measures such as sealing bodies in bags have also brought health workers into conflict with grieving families seeking to observe cultural traditions. At the same time, false claims that Ebola as a hoax have led some communities to reject treatment, evade checkpoints, and attack response teams. The breakdown in community trust ensures that a large portion of the viral transmission remains completely untraceable.

3. Healthcare worker strikes amid declining public trust
The rapid spread of Ebola in the DRC has been further intensified by a growing labour crisis among healthcare workers. Throughout July 2026, frontline staff in the hardest-hit regions, including Ituri, staged protests and strikes outside treatment centres. In Butembo, Beni, and Kisangani, doctors, nurses, and laboratory technicians launched an indefinite strike in mid-July, citing months of unpaid wages, poor living conditions, and inadequate compensation despite facing a virus with a 30-50 per cent fatality rate. The failure to adequately support frontline responders has disrupted clinical operations, delayed experimental treatment trials, and weakened the overall outbreak response. The crisis has also deepened public mistrust.

4. An outbreak worsened by a humanitarian and climate crisis
The Ebola response in the DRC is occurring against the backdrop of an expanding, multidimensional humanitarian crisis. In June 2026 alone, over 46,000 newly displaced households were recorded across eastern DRC, driven largely by armed conflict and shifting frontlines. Armed groups, such as the M23, continue to restrict humanitarian access, forcing millions into overcrowded camps where disease control is difficult. Compounding this violent instability is the accelerating impact of climate change and an expanding cholera outbreak. Torrential rains and severe flooding have devastated agricultural centers, leaving nearly a quarter of the population facing acute food insecurity. As extreme climate stress destroys livelihoods and militias capture territory, massive population movements overwhelm host communities and dismantle containment corridors, turning an isolated viral spillover into an unmanageable regional crisis.

In perspective
First, the outbreak continues to expand unpredictably. Despite Uganda being declared Ebola-free, the situation in the DRC remains dire. With international organisations struggling to meet their funding quotas and contact tracing near non-existent, according to the WHO, the trajectory of this epidemic remains unpredictable and dangerous.

Second, healthcare workers need protection to regain public trust. The DRC has so far failed to protect its healthcare workers, who continue to protest unpaid wages. This has severely undermined the country’s response, which has remained fragmented due to misinformation and the public’s waning trust in the healthcare system. Adequately paying its frontline staff is essential for the government to rein in misinformation and break the chain of transmission, which can only happen with the public’s trust and if information is disseminated in a culturally appropriate manner.

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Ebola expansion in the Democratic Republic of Congo:

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