Photo : The Korean Herald

South Korea calls North Korea’s multiple missile test claim a deception

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 27 June 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 118
South Korea calls North Korea’s multiple missile test claim a deception
On 27 June, South Korea’s military dismissed North Korea’s claim of successfully conducting a multiple-warhead missile test earlier this week as a form of deception reaffirming its assessment the missile exploded in the air. North Korea said that it conducted a successful missile test on 26 June aimed at securing multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles (MIRV) capacities, contradicting South Korea’s earlier assessment. Col. Lee Sung-jun, spokesperson of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) said “North Korea’s missile launched yesterday exploded in an early stage of the flight.  North Korea made a different announcement this morning but we believe that this is merely a method of deception and exaggeration.” He also added that the photos released by North Korea of the launch appeared similar to the launch of the Hwasong-17 liquid fuel intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM), launched in March 2023. The MIRV technology allows a ballistic missile to deliver multiple warheads to different targets. It is largely associated with ICBMs due to its strategic use. (“Seoul dismisses NK claim of successful multiple-warhead missile test,” The Korea Times, 27 June 2024)

Korea, the US, and Japan issued a joint statement against the weaponization of economic dependency, reports The Korea Times
On 27 June, The Korea Times reported that top industry officials of the US, Korea, and Japan expressed their concerns over the weaponization of economic dependencies on certain supply sources for strategic goods as they held their first trilateral meeting on economic security in Washington. Korean Industry Minister Ahn Duk-geun, US Commerce Secretary Gina Raimondo, and Japanese Industry Minister Ken Saito issued a joint statement that underscored a deepening of trilateral cooperation amid the growing Sino-US rivalry. The statement said: “We share concerns over the weaponization of economic dependencies on certain supply sources for strategic goods.” They referred to the principles of transparency, diversification, security sustainability, trustworthiness, and reliability. The officials from the three countries stressed their shared intent to leverage the trilateral mechanism to promote the development of critical and emerging technologies. (“Korea, US, Japan voice concerns over 'weaponization' of economic dependencies,” The Korea Times, 27 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 26 June 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 117
South Korean and Japanese universities face the challenge of financial constraints and quality education, an opinion in East Asia Forum 
On 25 June, an opinion in the East Asia Forum highlighted the financial struggles faced by universities in South Korea and Japan due to strict tuition fee policies and demographic shifts. In South Korea, a prolonged tuition freeze since 2009 has severely impacted both public and private institutions. The author stated in an opinion piece of East Asia Forum: “After 15 years, even students have started to propose tuition increases as a way of delivering a better learning experience and support services on campus.” Meanwhile, Japan's University of Tokyo's consideration of a tuition fee increase has sparked student opposition. Both countries are dealing with ageing populations and declining birth rates, which further strain their higher education systems. The situation reflects a broader debate about balancing affordability, quality, and financial sustainability in higher education. Universities argue that frozen or controlled tuition fees limit their ability to invest in facilities, faculty, and research. However, critics worry that fee increases could exacerbate inequalities and restrict access for lower-income students. As these countries navigate these challenges, their experiences offer valuable insights for other nations facing similar issues in higher education funding and accessibility. (Kyuseok Kim, “South Korean and Japanese universities under pressure to lift tuition fees,” East Asia Forum, 25 June 2024)

North Korea's missile launch failed mid-flight, reports The Korea Times 
On 26 June, North Korea attempted to launch a ballistic missile towards the East Sea however the projectile exploded mid-flight. South Korea's Joint Chiefs of Staff reported the launch occurred around 5:30 am from the Pyongyang area. Military sources suggest it may have been a hypersonic missile test that failed after travelling approximately 250 kilometres. The launch coincides with heightened tensions following the arrival of the USS Theodore Roosevelt in South Korea for trilateral exercises with Japan. North Korea criticized this as a “provocative” act. Additionally, the missile test follows North Korea's recent signing of a strategic cooperation treaty with Russia. Hypersonic missiles, capable of travelling at least five times the speed of sound with unpredictable flight paths, are part of Kim Jong-un's weapons development goals announced in 2021. This launch also occurred shortly after North Korea sent trash-carrying balloons to South Korea as a response to anti-Pyongyang leaflets from defectors and activists. (“NK missile launch ends in mid-air explosion amid possibility of hypersonic missile test,” The Korea Times, 26 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 25 June 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 116
South Korean President condemns North Korea's military alliance with Russia 
On 25 June, President Yoon Suk Yeol of South Korea strongly criticised North Korea's recent behaviour, particularly its strengthened military alliance with Russia and provocative acts against South Korea. Yoon described these actions as “anachronistic” and contrary to historical progress during a speech commemorating the Korean War's 74th anniversary. The president condemned North Korea's launching of trash-filled balloons into South Korea, calling it a “mean and irrational provocation.” He also expressed concern over the comprehensive strategic partnership treaty signed between North Korea and Russia, which he said violates UN Security Council resolutions. Yoon emphasised South Korea's commitment to a strong defensive posture, stating: “We will respond with overwhelming and decisive force to any provocations from the North.” He highlighted the importance of alliances, particularly with the United States, in deterring North Korean threats. The situation has raised fears of a new Cold War scenario on the Korean Peninsula, prompting US officials to emphasise deterrence measures outlined in the Washington Declaration. (“Yoon slams North Korea for 'anachronistic acts',” The Korea Times, 24 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 24 June 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 115
Korea to release health and safety material in 16 languages for foreign worker  
On 24 June, the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA) announced its plan to release safety and health education materials in 16 languages to assist foreign workers in understanding industrial safety protocols easily. This initiative addresses the growing concerns over workplace accidents stemming from language barriers as many foreign workers in Korea continue to rise. These materials are designed to provide critical safety information in a concise manner and accessible format to enhance safety and reduce the risk of accidents by ensuring all workers easily comprehend essential safety information. The 16 languages include Bengali, Chinese, Thai, Indonesian, Urdu, and Sinhalese, etc. (Jung Da-hyun “Korea to distribute multilingual safety materials to protect foreign workers,” The Korean Times, 24 June 2024)    

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 22 June 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 114
Yoon govt measures to tackle the demographic crisis caught with criticism, an editorial in The Korea Times 
On 21 June, an editorial in The Korea Times looked into the Yoon Suk administration's countermeasures against the plummeting birth rate that is facing skeptical responses from citizens. The plans would include the expansion of maternity and paternity leaves and after-school childcare programs, which are only fragments of the solution. Critics have cited long working hours and high costs of living as the main cause of the demographic crisis. Korea has the lowest fertility rate at 0.065, which means the average number of children a woman will have in her lifetime is well below the replacement rate. Seoul’s birthrate has sunk to 0.55, if this continues the projected population of the country is to be 2100. Regarding this, the government declared a National Demographic Emergency on 19 June. The countermeasures declared by the government also include easing standards for income from special loans for households with newborns. Many people have reacted to these countermeasures saying there was nothing new but rather a mere repetition of previous and existing policies. (Lee Hae-rin, “Yoon's low birthrate policies unwelcomed by citizens,” The Korea Times, 21 June 2024)

UN Chief asks Russia to abide by the sanctions imposed on North Korea
On 22 June, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said: “Russia must abide by UN sanctions on North Korea,” after the two countries deepened their ties and agreed to immediate military assistance if either faces armed aggression. The pact was signed by the leaders of both countries following US accusations of North Korea supplying weapons to Russia. Both countries have denied these accusations. At the request of the US, France, Britain, South Korea, and Japan the UN Security Council will meet on 28 June to decide on North Korea and will discuss weapons transfer by Pyongyang in violation of the Council resolutions. Russia’s mission to the UN has refused to comment on the remarks made by Guterres. (“UN chief says Russia must uphold N. Korea sanctions,” The Korea Times, 22 June 2024)  

South Korea summons Russian Ambassador in light of Moscow-Pyongyang defence pact
On 22 June, south Korea summoned the Russian ambassador to protest the country’s new defence pact with North Korea. On 21 June, Kim Jong-un’s sister threatened retaliation after balloons flew from South Korea carrying anti-Pyongyang propaganda leaflets. This came two days after Moscow and Pyongyang reached a pact of vowing defence assistance if either was attacked. Vice Foreign Minister Kim Hong Kong summoned Russian Ambassador Georgy Zinoviev to protest the deal between the two countries. (Kim Tong-Hyung, “South Korea summons Russian ambassador as tensions rise with North Korea,” AP News, 22 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 21 June 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 113
South Korea considers supplying arms to Ukraine amid Russia-North Korea agreement, informs Seoul’s National Security Adviser
On 21 June, South Korea reassessed its stance on providing weapons to Ukraine following the mutual defence pact signed between North Korea and Russia. National Security Adviser Chang Ho-jin stated that the decision would be influenced by Russia's future approach to its relations with North Korea. This marks a potential shift from South Korea's previous policy of only supplying non-lethal aid to Ukraine. A presidential official emphasised: “There are various options for providing weapons, and our position... depends on how Russia approaches the situation going forward.” Possible arms under consideration include 155-mm artillery shells and air defence systems. In response to South Korea's deliberations, Russian President Vladimir Putin warned that supplying lethal weapons to Ukraine would be a “big mistake.” South Korean officials are maintaining strategic ambiguity about specific weapon types, likely as a diplomatic tactic to pressure Moscow against transferring key military technology to Pyongyang. (“Seoul's level of arms supply to Ukraine hinges on Russia's actions: presidential office,” The Korea Times, 21 June 2024)

South Korea’s Hanwha Group acquires US Philly shipyard 
On 21 June, South Korea's Hanwha Group made a USD 100 million investment to acquire Philly Shipyard, marking the first entry of a Korean company into the US shipbuilding sector. The acquisition, involving Hanwha's defence units Systems and Ocean, aims to tap into the US naval market and expand its global presence. Philly Shipyard, established in 1997, has been a major player in constructing large US Jones Act commercial ships and training vessels for US Maritime Administration MARAD. Hanwha plans to utilise the shipyard's facilities for building, maintaining, and repairing vessels, addressing the US Navy's production shortage. Hanwha Systems CEO Eoh Sung-chul stated: “The opportunity to collaborate with Philly Shipyard... is an exciting strategic opportunity that will allow Hanwha Systems to deploy its state-of-the-art naval systems and associated technologies in the US market.” The acquisition also enables Hanwha to develop autonomous merchant ships and diversify its product range in midsized tankers and container ships, leveraging Philly Shipyard's expertise. (“Hanwha Group acquires US shipyard Philly for $100 mil.,” The Korea Times, 21 June 20204)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 20 June 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 112
South Korean Chief of NHRC calls for the revision of the Refugee Act
On 20 June, The chief of the National Human Rights Commission, Song Doo-hwan called for a revision of the Refugee Act to improve the daily living conditions of people with a refugee status in South Korea. He expressed that protecting the rights of the refugees is a joint responsibility of the international community. Song stated: “In many cases, those who apply for refugee status are faced with unstable legal status for a lengthy period due to backlog of cases up for evaluation, and they go on living under economic difficulties,” and “Even if they are granted refugee status, relevant law makes them off limits to social security, unable to receive the treatment as inscribed by law.” The individuals receiving refugee status receive the same social security as a citizen under the Refugee Act, however, people with refugee status only receive house support for the vulnerable class in reality. (“Rights watchdog chief calls for improvement in refugee living conditions on World Refugee Day,” The Korea Times, 20 June 2024)

“My personal goal, and this is probably the key, is to bring President Yoon to Slovakia,” says Slovak Ambassador 
On 20 June, Slovak Ambassador Marek Repovsky bared his intentions to invite South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol to Slovakia during his tenure. Slovakia is yet to host a South Korean President despite the former Slovak President’s visit to Pyeongchang during the Winter Olympics. He stated: “I really admire the Korean nation for what they have achieved over the past 60 to 70 years,” and “Despite the challenging security environment on the Korean Peninsula, Korea has risen from a GDP similar to Angola in the 1960s to being among the top economies in the world. This is something we should learn from.” Slovakia attracted significant investments from South Korea with the help of Kia Motors in 2004. The initial investment by Kia instigated further interest from South Korean companies. He stated: “Since then, we are now lucky to host up to 100 Korean companies in Slovakia, mostly in the automobile sector.” Repovsky also emphasised the importance of cultural exchange between the two countries and described it as “one of the key instruments for diplomats.” (“INTERVIEW Slovak ambassador seeks President Yoon Suk Yeol's historic visit to Bratislava,” The Korea Times, 20 June 2024)

South Korea investigates imported vehicles from Japan for fraudulent certifications
On 20 June, the South Korean government investigated the imported models of the Japanese automakers Toyota Motor and Yamaha Motor for fraudulent certifications in Japan. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport looked into 38 models and discovered some models of Toyota's Lexus RX line and Yamaha's Tmax and YZF-R3 motorcycles contained problematic engines. The ministry has decided to monitor measures taken by Japanese authorities for the 6,749 registered Lexus RX units, 1,910 Yamaha Tmax units and 1,318 YZF-R3 units in the country and investigate if they fail to meet the safety standards. (“Korea conducts probe into imported Toyota, Yamaha models over fraudulent Japanese testing,” The Korea Times, 20 June 2024)

North Korea- Russia partnership treaty
On 20 June, Putin and Kim signed a new partnership treaty. Many analysts suspect the volatile situation between Russia and Ukraine might affect the treaty between Russia and North Korea. However, the lack of clarity makes it difficult to understand the nature of the treaty. The president of the Korea Economic Institute of America (KEI), Scott Snyder, stated: “The main geopolitical implication is that the Korean conflict is less localized and more likely to be viewed in the context of global geostrategies, enmeshing outside actors such as the U.S. and Russia more directly in peninsular tensions.” The president of a security think tank, Rogue States Project, Harry Kazianis commented: “While I don't think either side would send troops to each other's aid if some unexpected military confrontation with the West occurred, I do think it would mean a massive mutual stepping up of support.”A director of academic affairs at the KEI, Clint Work stated that the change in the US policy under the reelection of Trump might also have a deterring effect on the treaty. A senior defence analyst at RAND, Bruce Bennett stated: “I think this agreement is what I call the 'Putin Trap': Putin has annexed four Ukrainian provinces as part of Russia. If Ukraine does a counteroffensive into these territories, they have invaded Russia as far as Putin is concerned, and he can call on Kim to provide North Korean forces to help defend Russia.” (“Kim-Putin treaty underlines both deeper security guarantees, shared weaknesses,” The Korea Times, 20 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 19 June 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 111
Putin's visit to Pyongyang bolstering Russia-North Korea ties 
On 19 June, Russian President Vladimir Putin arrived in Pyongyang for his first visit to North Korea in 24 years, marking a significant step in the deepening relations between the two nations. Putin was warmly greeted by North Korean leader Kim Jong-un, with the two leaders embracing and expressing their joy at reuniting. Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) reported that the leaders rode together to the Kumsusan State Guest House, where they discussed ways to “surely develop the DPRK-Russia relations.” KCNA stated: “Putin's visit to the DPRK at a remarkable time, when the traditional relations of friendship and cooperation between the DPRK and Russia have surely entered a course of new comprehensive development, is of great importance in reliably promoting the strategic and future-oriented development of the DPRK-Russia relations.” Putin's foreign policy aide, Yuri Ushakov stated that the summit is expected to produce a treaty on a “comprehensive strategic partnership,” potentially accelerating and broadening cooperation between the two countries. According to US officials, North Korea has sought assistance from Moscow, including fighter aircraft, surface-to-air missiles, armoured vehicles, and ballistic missile production equipment in return. The White House has expressed concern about this trend, stating that “deepening cooperation between Russia and the DPRK is a trend that should be of great concern to anyone interested in maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, upholding the global nonproliferation regime, abiding by the UN Security Council (UNSC) resolutions and supporting the people of Ukraine.” While analysts expect Kim and Putin to adopt a joint declaration elevating military, security, and economic cooperation, the likelihood of a formal military alliance remains low. (“Putin arrives in Pyongyang for summit with Kim,” The Korea Times, 19 June 2024)

China and South Korea conducts 2+2 dialogue to ensure stability in the region
On 18 June, China and South Korea held the first 2+2 vice-ministerial diplomatic and security dialogue in Seoul.  Observers have expressed hopes that this upgraded mechanism will address China-South Korea differences, tackle risks, and increase mutual political trust to stabilize bilateral relations and inject stability in Northeastern Asia. Chinese Vice Foreign Affairs Minister, Sun Weidong and Deputy Director of the Office for International Military Cooperation of the Central Military Commission, Zhang Baoqn met their counterparts from South Korea. For the dialogue, South Korea’s priorities have been the worsening situation in the Korean Peninsula in recent months. China, on the other hand, wants South Korea to respect its core interests and understand its concerns, mainly the Taiwan question. Holding the 2+2 dialogue was among the agreements reached between China and South Korea on the sidelines of the Trilateral Leader’s meeting in May. (Zhang Han and Zhao Juecheng “China, SK hold 2+2 dialogue as ‘new buffer’ to stabilize ties, ‘meaningful for NE Asia,” Global Times, 18 June 2024)

North Korea builds anti-tank barriers along the border, reports JCS
On 18 June, according to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), North Korea began placing anti-tank barriers along the border with South Korea. Also, it has been laying mines and reinforcing roads along the border. The move is to strengthen internal control to prevent the defection of civilians and troops from North Korea. It reported on the construction of anti-tank barriers along the DMZ in four areas. The JCS mentioned the explosions on the border due to anti-personnel mines. The move is linked to the North Korean leader Kim Jong-un’s statement depicting South Korea as a belligerent state. (Kwak Yeon-soo, “North Korea builds defensive line along border with anti-tank barriers,” The Korea Times, 19 June 2024)

US-South Korea bilateral defence procurement agreement called for review by the US lawmakers 
On 18 June, the bilateral defence procurement agreement between the US and South Korea faced sudden hurdles as US lawmakers called for a review. Both countries were negotiating the Reciprocal Defense Procurement (RDP) Agreement to reduce defence trade barriers. The delay is linked to the ongoing Government Accountability Office (GAO) audit, which was called by Rep. John Garamendi (D-CA), a top Democrat on the House Armed Services Subcommittee on Readiness, and Sen. Debbie Stabenow (D-MI), a senior member of Senate Democratic Leadership. On 13 May, both lawmakers sent a letter to the White House asking to ensure the deal was fair for American workers and domestic manufacturing. They also highlighted that the deal was negotiated by the Pentagon, which was out of Congressional review. South Korea is trying to negotiate this agreement before the US elections. The Pentagon has concluded RDP agreements with 28 countries, including Britain, Australia, France, Germany, Israel, Italy and Japan. (“Talks on Korea-US defense procurement pact face setback: source,” The Korea Times, 19 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 17 June 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 108
Seoul National University doctors walkout over the hike-in medical admissions
On 17 June, Medical professors at the hospitals affiliated with the Seoul National University began an indefinite walkout. They warned that they would call off the walkout only if the government readjusts a hike in medical school admissions and fully withdraws punitive steps against the trainee doctors. Close to 529 doctors from 04 hospitals have walked out of their jobs. The committee demanded the government fully scrap all administrative orders issued against the trainee doctors who left the hospitals in February and establish permanent platforms for the medical community to reflect on their policies. Despite the fierce protests by trainee doctors, the government finalized an admission quota hike of 1500 students for medical schools in May. This marks the first such increase in 27 years. Meanwhile, the government has urged the SNU hospital leaders not to authorize the walkout. (“SNU medical professors to call off walkout if gov't readjusts hike of medical school quotas,”, The Korean Times, 17 June 2024)

KNOC to discuss potential oil and gas in the East Sea
On 17 June, The Industry Ministry and the Korean National Oil Corp (KNOC) plan to hold a meeting with experts this week to discuss strategies for developing potential oil and gas reserves off the East Sea. The meeting between the government and the KNOC plans to choose the sites for the first billion and 14 billion barrels of gas and oil in the East Sea. The quantity would be sufficient to meet the country’s gas demand for 29 years and oil demand for 04 years. The first drilling operation is set to begin in December this year. The government and experts are anticipated to discuss various agenda items surrounding the development project during the meeting. Foreign investments and redefining the deep-sea blocks in the East Sea to reflect the discovery. (“Gov't to hold experts' meeting for development of potential oil, gas reserves off East Sea,” The Korean Times, 17 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 15 June 2024, Saturday | Vol.1 No. 108
North Korea constructing near the Demilitarized Zone, reports The Korea Times  
On 15 June, The Korea Times reported that a military source had confirmed North Korea’s military executing unexplained construction inside the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ). The military source stated: “Recently, the North Korean military has been erecting walls, digging up the ground and constructing roads in some areas between the Military Demarcation Line (MDL) and the Northern Limit Line in the DMZ.” However, the source stated its uncertainty about North Korea's intentions to build a long wall north of the MDL or establish defensive structures. It was reported that earlier this week, around 20 North Korean soldiers crossed the DMZ before returning upon the South Korean military’s firing amidst heightened tensions over Pyongyang sending trash-filled balloons over the border. Military observers assume the balloons could be related to the North’s unexplained construction. (“North Korean military construction activities spotted inside DMZ: source,” The Korea Times 15 June 2024)

US Defence Bill affirms commitment to extended military support to South Korea
On 14 June, the US House of Representatives approved an annual defence bill which allows 28,500 American troops in South Korea and affirms the US commitment to extended deterrence. This extended deterrence includes the full usage of US military capabilities including nuclear in defence of South Korea. In a 217-199 vote the House passed their statement of the National Defence Authorisation Act (NDAA) for the fiscal year 2025, which allows a budget of USD 895.2 billion for national defence discretionary programmes with an increase of USD 9 billion from the previous fiscal year. The Senate Armed Services Committee voted 22-03 to forward its statement of the NDAA on 14 June. The defence bill is set to go through a series of congressional procedures which includes narrowing the gap between the House and the Senate and combining their respective bills. However, the South Korean government is worried about US troops pulling out upon Donald Trump’s reelection. (“US House passes annual defense policy bill including USFK troop maintenance,” The Korea Times, 15 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 14 June 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 107
South Korean Defence Minister to visit Romania and Poland to discuss arms exports 
On 14 June, South Korean Defence Minister Shin Won-sik will make visits to Romania and Poland to further their arms export talks and defence and defence and arms cooperation. He will be heading to Romania from 17 June to 19 June to have bilateral discussions with the Romanian Defence Minister Angel Tilvar in expanding their arms export and also pay a courtesy call on the Romanian Prime Minister Ion-Marcel Ciolacu. Shin will also visit the Polish Defence Minister Wladyslaw Kosiniak-Kamysz to co-chair a joint ministerial committee. Last year June, South Korea and Poland held the inaugural session of the regular consultative body in Seoul which served as a token of growing collaboration in the arms industry. Poland also signed a 17 trillion won procurement deal with South Korea in 2022  in light of the Russia-Ukraine war. With the arms deal talk in Romania, South Korea is attracting interest from Eastern European countries. (Lee Minji, “Defense minister to visit Romania, Poland for arms cooperation,” Yonhap News Agency, 14 June 2024)

“I urge you to return to school promptly,” says the South Korean Education Minister to medical trainee protestors  
On 14 June, South Korean Education Minister Lee Ju-ho issued a warning against the universities granting collective academic leave for students applying for leave to protest against the medical school quota hike. He stated: “There should not be any cases of granting school leave collectively filed by students in protest against a government policy,” and “If any collective leave requests by medical students are approved, the ministry will sternly respond by taking action against the relevant universities, including a thorough inspection.” This medical quota hike is executed to address healthcare services shortages in rural areas and unpopular core medical fields. Lee commented on the medical students’ issue of degrading medical education that the ministry would be announcing a medical education advancement plan in September 2024 and the government would also look into increasing and improving the quantity and quality of medical faculties at state-run universities. He also announced the establishment of clinical education centres at all state-run hospitals by 2028. (“Gov't warns universities against granting collective leave to protesting medical students,” The Korea Times, 14 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 13 June 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 106
United Nations Command to investigate the Korean tensions
On 13 June, the US-led UN Command (UNC) is investigating a series of incidents at the inter-Korean earlier this week, including the brief incursion by the North Korean troops and South Korea’s resumption of the anti-Pyongyang broadcasts. The UNC said: “We take our mission seriously at the United Nations Command and are investigating the recent issues diligently. Our actions are strictly by the Armistice Agreement as we work towards de-escalating the situation to ensure peace and stability in the region.” The UNC has requested the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, i.e. North Korea to return to dialogue through the established mechanisms. Jeon Ha-kyou, the spokesperson of the Defence Ministry said it would actively support the UNC in its investigation. (“UNC investigating NK troops' land border incursion, S. Korean loudspeaker broadcasts,” The Korea Times, 13 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 12 June 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 105
Earthquakes of 4.8 magnitude jolted the Korean Peninsula
On 12 June, the weather agency said: “An earthquake with 4.8 magnitude struck the southwestern county of Buan. The strongest temblor to hit the Korean peninsula and its surrounding waters so far this year." The earthquake struck 04 kilometres southwest of North Joella County, 204 km away from Seoul at 8:26 am.  The epicentre was at 354.7 degrees north latitude and 126.71 degrees east latitude. The North Joella provincial authorities have not reported facility damage or casualties related to the quake. Aftershocks of magnitude 2 were reported by 9 am. The earthquake was felt in many other parts of the country as well including the greater Seoul area, the Chungcheong provinces, and the southern regions. A total of 213 cases have been reported nationwide related to the feeling of the tremors from the quake as of 8:50 am. Meanwhile, the Interior Ministry has raised the alert level of its Central Disaster and Safety Countermeasures Headquarters. The third-highest earthquake alert of “vigilance” has also been issued. (“Nation jolted by this year's strongest quake,” The Korea Times, 12 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 11 June 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 104
The US, Japan, and South Korea to conduct a trilateral training program for government officials
On 11 June, the first cohort of a new technological cooperation fellowship involving the US, Japan, and South Korea will soon kickstart. This cooperation addresses the growing concerns of mismanagement of emerging technologies and the pressure to counter China’s technological advancement. The Trilateral Summit features 30 mid-career government officials from the three countries. The summit is only one of the many initiatives, others include a Cancer Dialogue, a Youth Summit, an Early Warning System for supply chain disruptions, etc. The program is scheduled for three weeks. In the three weeks, the participants will delve deep into themes shaping the governance of emerging technologies including semiconductors, AI, quantum technology, biotechnology, cybersecurity, and space exploration. The sponsors of the program are Google and Japan-based NEC Corporation and the sessions will be conducted by the faculty of the Jonh Hopkins University. (Bochen Han, “US-Japan-South Korea training fellowship opens amid tense tech race with China”, South China Morning Post, 11 June 2024)

20 North Korean soldiers cross the Military Demarcation Line with South Korea
On 11 June, 20 North Korean soldiers crossed the Inter-Korean Land border earlier the week and went back after the South Korean soldiers fired warning shots. According to the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), “the North Korean soldiers crossed the Military Demarcation Line (MLD) within the Demilitarized Zone (DMZ) separating the two Koreas in the central section, at around 12:30 pm.”  The JCS spokesperson assessed that the North Koreans were working on an unspecified task inside the DMZ and didn’t cross the border intentionally as they returned soon after the warning shots were fired. The JCS spokesperson also told in a regular briefing that: “some of them were armed while some of the soldiers were carrying work tools.” He further declined to elaborate on what they were working on.  The MLD horizontally bisects the DMZ and has served as a buffer zone between the two Koreas since the Korean War from 1950-53. (“S. Korean military fires warning shots after brief border incursion by NK soldiers”, The Korean Times, 11 June 2024)

China-South Korea to hold crucial 2+2 dialogue next week
On 11 June, The Korean Times reported that South Korea and China are expected to conduct a 2+2 Dialogue next week. The dialogue will happen between the senior officials of the External Affairs Ministry and the Defence Ministry of the two countries. This is to address the rising tensions between North Korea and a prospective summit between North Korea and Russia. The current security landscape and developments on the Korean peninsula will likely be the high point on the agenda of the talks. The talks are likely to be led by First Vice Foreign Minister Kim Hong Kyun and Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Sun Weidong. The Defence officials at the Director General level are expected to join the talks. (“S. Korea, China to hold '2+2' high-level diplomatic security talks next week”, The Korean Times, 11 June 2024)

East Asia and The Pacific Reader | 10 June 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 103
North Korea launches 310 trash-carrying balloons to South Korea
On 10 June, North Korea launched another series of 310 trash-carrying balloons toward South Korea overnight. The latest batch of trash balloons carried scrap paper and plastic. On 09 June, these balloons were launched towards South Korea. South Korea responded to this attack by resuming its loudspeaker propaganda after six years. The Joint Chief Staff spokesperson, Col. Lee Sung-jun, reported that out of the 310 balloons launched, 50 have managed to cross the border. Lee said: “The number of balloons fallen in South Korea is expected to increase as the military continues to receive reports. As for Monday, there have been no new attacks launched.” On 09 June, Kim Yo-jong, the sister of Kim Jong-un, said: “South Korea will face unspecified ‘new counteractions’ should it continue to send anti-Pyongyang leaflets and play loudspeaker broadcasts across the border.” (“N. Korea sends some 310 trash-carrying balloons in latest launch: Seoul military”, The Korea Times, 10 June 2024)  

The South Korean President embarks on a trip to Central Asia
On 10 June, the President of South Korea, Yoon Suk Yeol, embarked on a weeklong trip to Central Asian countries. He will visit Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan to expand cooperation in critical minerals and other sectors. He will be joined by a delegation of over 60 Korean companies until 15 June. This trip is his first trip since his state visit to the Netherlands in December. Yoon will land in Turkmenistan and hold a summit with President Serdar Berdimuhamedow, and sign an MoU. He will visit Kazakhstan for a three-day trip starting on 11 June. On 13 June he will visit Uzbekistan. Principal Deputy National Security Advisor Kim Tae-hyo said: “This trip will create new business opportunities for Korean companies in various areas and diversify cooperation in new areas.” (“Yoon embarks on three-nation Central Asia trip”,  The Korea Times, 10 June 2024)

US and South Korea open a new round of the Nuclear Consultation Group, reports The Korea Times
On 10 June, South Korea and the US opened the third round bilateral of the Nuclear Consultative Group (NCG) in Seoul. Cho Chang-rae, the deputy Defence minister of policy, will meet Vipin Narang, Principal US deputy assistant secretary of Defence for space policy. They will be joined by security, defence, and foreign policy officials from both sides. During the session, the allies will review developments over the past year in various areas, including intelligence sharing, nuclear consultation procedures during a crisis, and integration of conventional and nuclear capabilities. The latest meetings of the NCG come as North Korea has retched up cross-border tensions with provocative acts in recent weeks in South Korea. (“S. Korea, US hold 3rd Nuclear Consultative Group meeting”, The Korea Times, 10 June, 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 07 June 2024, Friday | Vol.1 No. 101
South Korean military exodus a concern, reports The Chosun Ilbo
On 07 June, The Chosun Ilbo reported that last year 9,481 officers and non-commissioned officers with five years of service left the military. This is a 24 per cent increase from the previous year and the highest number ever recorded in South Korea. This indicates a worsening trend of junior officers and NCOs leaving their posts. The reason for this exodus is a sense of relative deprivation due to an increase in soldiers’ salaries and a shortened service period. Their duty allowances are less than half of what police officers and firefighters receive. The root cause of this situation lies in the populist policies regarding military service. Regardless of the political party, there has been competition during elections to shorten the service period to only 18 months. Unlike soldiers whose basic requirements are looked after by the state, South Korean military officers have to cover these with their salaries. Currently, junior officers in the military are regretting their careers in the military. (“President Yoon must stop junior military officers' exodus to build a strong nation,” The Chosun Ilbo,  07 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 06 June 2024, Thursday | Vol.1 No. 100
Putin appreciates Seoul’s position on weapon supply to Ukraine
On 06 June, alongside the St. Petersburg International Economic Forum, Russian President Vladimir Putin appreciated Seoul’s position on not supplying weapons to Ukraine directly. He also said that Moscow is ready to restore its relations with South Korea. Relations between the two countries had chilled since South Korea joined the US and imposed sanctions on Russia over the ongoing war. According to Sputnik News Agency, Putin said: “Moscow expects its relations with Seoul will be preserved at least partially, to be able to restore the previous depth in the future. As for relations with North Korea our neighbours, we will develop relations whether someone likes it or not.” (“Putin 'highly appreciates' S. Korea's position not to directly supply weapons to Ukraine”, Yonhap, 06 June 6, 2024)

Yoon ensures action against North Korean provocation
On 06 June, the President of South Korea said that they would respond to the provocations made by North Korea and protect its people through robust military readiness and alliance with the US. To deter the threat from North Korea, Yoon vowed to bolster ties with the US and the international community. Yoon said: “We will maintain an ironclad readiness posture and respond to the provocations resolutely and overwhelmingly. We will firmly safeguard our people’s freedom and safety.”  After the South Korean government on 02 June warned of “unendurable” measures, the North has temporarily halted dropping balloons across the border. (Yi Wonju, “Yoon says S. Korea will never overlook N. Korea's 'despicable' provocations”, Yonhap news Agency, 06 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 05 June 2024, Wednesday | Vol.1 No. 99
Daegu and North Gyeongsang to form the first unified provincial government in South Korea 
On 04 June, leaders of Daegu city, surrounding North Gyeongsang Province, and Seoul, agreed on plans to launch an integrated provincial government in 2026 with the central government's support. The agreement was made at a meeting attended by Daegu Mayor – Hong Joon-pyo, North Gyeongsang Governor- Lee Cheol-woo, Minister of the Interior and Safety Lee Sang-min, and the chairman of the Presidential Committee for Decentralization and Balanced Development, Woo Ding-gi. The government said in a press conference: “It was agreed to implement the relevant procedures to enact a special law within this year to launch the unified provincial government on 01 July 2026.” The central government has created a special task force to map out the detailed measures on the central level to back up the effort for integration. To push the process forward, the two provinces aim to obtain approval from their city council and provincial assembly respectively. If these two provinces are integrated into a single local government, it will be the first case of administrative integration between wide-area local self-government. (“Daegu, North Gyeongsang to form unified provincial gov't in July 2026,” Yonhap, The Korean Herald, 04 June 2024)

South Korea resumes border activities across the North Korean border
On 04 June, South Korea formally suspended the 2018 agreement signed between the two Koreas to ensure peace in the peninsula. This action was taken in response to the growing danger posed by North Korea through the balloons and the spy satellite. Prime Minister, Han Duck-soo made the announcement at the morning cabinet meeting saying that: “Pyongyang’s actions are a serious threat to public safety. Following this the military said it would resume all activities at the border. Cho Chang-rea Deputy Defence Minister of South Korea said: “the North Korean regime is wholly responsible for creating this situation, and if Nork Korea conducts further provocations, our military will sternly punish it under our principles of ‘immediately, strongly, and to the end based on our firm joint defence posture with the US.” (Steven Borowiec, “South Korea to resume all military activities after North's balloon barrage,” Nikkei Asia, 04 June 2024)

Japan plan to form legislation for next-generation chip production
On 05 June, the Japanese government plans to pass legislation supporting the manufacturing of the next-generation chips used in artificial intelligence and electric vehicles. The document is to come out in June, calling for the government to consider legal measures necessary for mass production, likely with an eye towards the domestic player -Rapidus. Some people think that having a legal basis for guaranteed fiscal support will make it easier to attract investment over the long term. Japan controlled a majority of the global semiconductor market in the 1980s. Later the market share dropped to single digits, and large-scale domestic manufacturing of leading-edge chips is seen as a way to boost its growth potential, and essential to economic security, as a crucial resource for key industries. The government also looks to set up a regional reskilling program in cooperation with the private sector and academia. The draft touches on the impact of the weak Yen which the previous plan did not. It noted that the: “softness of the currency is a risk factor for consumer spending, warning that attention must be paid to the impact on household buying power through higher import prices.” (“Japan eyes legislative support for next-gen chip production,” Nikki Asia, 05 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Reader | 04 June 2024, Tuesday | Vol.1 No. 98
South Korea suspends the inter-Korean tension reduction pact of 2018
On 04 June, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol endorsed the motion for fully calling for a suspension of the inter-Korean tension reduction pact signed in 2018. This action comes in response to the recent activities carried out by North Korea. Prime Minister Han Duck said: “North Korea’s continuous provocations not only greatly threaten the lives and safety of our people but also seriously undermine peace in the Korean Peninsula. The suspension will be effective until the mutual trust between South and North Korea is restored.” The government has already suspended a part of the agreement in November last year in response to North Korea’s successful launch of a military spy satellite. (“Yoon endorses motion fully suspending inter-Korean tension reduction pact,” The Korea Times, 4 June 2024)

South Korea aims to strengthen economic ties with Africa
On 04 June, the inaugural summit between South Korea and African nations kicked off to discuss expanding economic ties and cooperation in supply chain and development with resource-rich countries. The African delegation includes delegations from 48 countries and 25 heads of state. The main session will be held on 04 June followed by a business summit focussing on trade and investment on 05 June. President Yoon said: “South Korea aims to expand trade and investment with Africa through a series of agreements such as Economic Partnership Agreements and Trade and Investment Promotion Frameworks. He also vowed to support Africa’s efforts towards regional economic integration through the African Continental Free Trade Area launched in 2019. To further promote cooperation with Africa, South Korea will expand its official development assistance to approximately USD 10 billion by 2030. Yoon said: “We will seek sustainable cooperation solutions for issues directly related to future growth such as the stable supply of critical minerals and digital transformations.” (“Yoon vows to expand cooperation with Africa in trade, resources,” The Korea Times, 04 June 2024)

East Asia & The Pacific Redear | 03 June 2024, Monday | Vol.1 No. 97
US, Japan, and South Korea aim to strengthen their defence ties
On 02 June, the defence chiefs from the US, Japan, and South Korea met alongside the Shangri-la Dialogue and announced a series of new initiatives to strengthen their trilateral defence cooperation. Japanese Defense Minister – Minoru Kihara met his American and South Korean counterparts Lloyd Austin and Shin Won-sik and the three have agreed to build a framework to institutionalize trilateral cooperation this year. Top defence officials in a joint statement shared: "The new framework would include senior-level policy consultations, trilateral exercises, defence exchange cooperation, and information sharing." Several other military initiatives have also been charted out, starting with a multidomain Freedom Edge exercise slated for this summer. In their joint statement, the three chiefs have also criticized China's behaviour in the South China Sea calling it dangerous and aggressive. The push for this comes as fears grow over possible lapses in U.S. commitment to the region and political changes in Seoul and Tokyo. (Gabriel Dominguez, "Japan, South Korea and U.S. unveil new initiatives to cement defence ties", The Japan Times, 03 June 2024)

Tunisia to serve as a hub for Korea-Africa relations, says an opinion by Korea Times
On 03 June, according to an opinion by Tunisian Prime Minister Ahmed Hachani in Korean Times, Tunisia will serve as a hub for Korea-Africa relations. This comes as both countries celebrate the 55th anniversary of the bilateral diplomatic relations between Tunisia and South Korea. He mentions the civilizational links with the rich heritage of Tunisia, which has a greater investment in human resources. He mentioned Tunisia's links to African, Arab, and Mediterranean civilizations. He highlighted Tunisia’s interest in seeing Korea’s economic model for its economic transformation into high-value-added and knowledge-intensive sectors. He cites the development of a Tunisian e-procurement platform, modeled after the Korean e-procurement system KONEPS. He also mentioned Tunisia’s emergence as a leading destination for Korean companies and investors in Africa. He also expressed his willingness to advance Tunisia’s role in promoting the Korea-Africa Summit. He also mentions opportunities for South Korea, from trade expansion and infrastructure markets to assisting Africa in becoming a major player in global supply chains for high-technology sectors. (Ahmed Hachani, “Korea-Africa Summit to generate new momentum for Korea, Tunisia relations: Tunisian PM,” Korea Times, 03 June 2024)