In Focus
National Assembly approves amendments to PECA
On 23 January, the National Assembly passed amendments to the Pakistan Electronic Crimes Act (PECA) amid sharp criticism from journalists, rights activists, and political stakeholders. The PPP lawmakers extended their support to the amendments despite opposition from the party’s Human Rights Cell. The amendments introduce penalties for “fake news,” and empower a Social Media Protection and Regulatory Authority to block content deemed harmful. Critics have argued that the changes stifle freedom of expression. The PPP HR Cell President, Farhatullah Babar warned of expanded executive powers under the law which has allowed intelligence agencies unchecked authority over the media. The journalist coalitions, including the PFUJ and KPC, condemned the bill as an attack on constitutional rights and vowed legal challenges. The digital rights advocates, including Nighat Dad, criticized the law for vague definitions of disinformation, while Usama Khilji labeled it a move towards censorship. The Information Minister Attaullah Tarar defended the amendments, stating they regulate social media without targeting “working journalists.” However, journalists remain unconvinced, with claims that the law is rushed and restricts dissent. Furthermore, there are anticipated protests and legal action as stakeholders demand consultation and transparency before implementation. (Syed Irfan Raza and Imran Ayub, “Journalists, rights bodies denounce Peca changes,” Dawn, 24 January 2025; Irfan Sadozai and Syed Talal Ahsan, “NA passes controversial Peca amendment bill amid walkout by PTI, journalists,” Dawn, 23 January 2025)\
HRCP report highlights worsening landscape for freedom of expression
On 23 January, the Human Rights Commission of Pakistan (HRCP) report “Harsh Sentences,” highlighted a worsening landscape for freedom of expression since Imran Khan’s ouster in April 2022. The report, written by Mahim Maher, revealed escalating censorship, enforced disappearances, and mass arrests targeting dissenters. The journalists faced a rise in “software updates,” a term for abduction and coerced compliance. Meanwhile, media professionals faced silencing under state directives. A newsroom source recounted explicit instructions to avoid mentioning Imran Khan or PTI during broadcasts. Despite Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif’s claim of “complete freedom of expression” and media as the “fourth pillar of the state,” HRCP noted selective crackdowns in a manner where critics were suppressed while state allies thrived. Though social media is heavily monitored it remains a platform for resistance, with growing public backlash against censorship. The report underscored that stifling dissent erodes trust in institutions and democracy itself. The HRCP urged for reforms and emphasized that press freedom is vital for governance and accountability in Pakistan. (Imran Gabol, “HRCP report shines light on selective curbs on media,” Dawn, 24 January 2025; “Criticism by the press key to better governance, says PM Shehbaz,” Dawn, 24 January 2025)
Indian-made phones and devices pose cyber-security threats to Pakistan, reports The News
On 24 January, The International News reported that a Cabinet Division letter sent to federal and provincial authorities stated that Indian-made mobile phones and devices, including iPhones, pose significant cyber-security threats to Pakistan. The letter warned of risks like malware, spyware, and data interception. It also cited concerns over Indian interference in sensitive infrastructure and monitoring activities. The consumers were advised to buy Apple products only from certified resellers, check seals, and update devices regularly. It also recommended using encrypted communication, strong passwords, antivirus software, and official Apple updates. The possibility of hackers exploiting fake Apple portals or impersonating service agents heightens the need for vigilance in securing personal and sensitive information. (“Indian-made mobile phones, devices threat to Pak cybersecurity,” The International News, 24 January 2025)
In Brief
POLITICS
Imran Khan ends talks with government over judicial commission delay
On 24 January, The International News reported that former Prime Minister Imran Khan has ended PTI’s negotiations with the government due to the latter’s failure to establish judicial commissions within the agreed seven-day period. The commissions were meant to investigate the 9 May and 26 November incidents and address the release of PTI prisoners. PTI lawyer Barrister Gohar stated that the talks were halted due to the government’s lack of cooperation but could resume if a three-judge commission is formed. Imran Khan condemned alleged human rights violations and criticized the government for using duplicitous tactics. He also urged international human rights organizations to address the issue of missing persons in Balochistan and highlighted the ongoing instability in the region. Khan addressed the accusations and denied personal financial benefits from the Al-Qadir Trust and praised Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman for releasing 7200 Pakistani prisoners. He warned overseas Pakistanis against sending remittances to the current government, calling it complicit in oppressing citizens. The government spokesperson Irfan Siddiqui expressed regret over the PTI’s decision. He further claimed the deadline for forming the commission was 28 January. Meanwhile, no PTI leaders were allowed to meet Khan at Adiala jail. The custody has now been transferred to Rawalpindi police. ( Asim Yasin, Khalid Iqbal, Mumtaz Alvi and Shakeel Anjum, “Imran ends talks 'over govt failure to form judicial commission',” The International News, 24 January 2025)
On controversial cybercrime law, “By criminalizing online speech, the government risks alienating the very citizens it governs,” says an editorial in The International News
On 24 January, an editorial titled, “Peca again,” in The International News stated that the Prevention of Electronic Crimes (Amendment) Act, 2025, has been widely condemned by journalists, digital rights activists, and civil society for threatening free speech and democratic principles. The critics have argued that the law’s vague definitions of “false information” and “incitement” allow for arbitrary crackdowns on dissent. The establishment of the Social Media Protection and Regulatory Authority (SMPRA) and tribunals grant excessive power to unelected bodies which has raised fears of misuse. The individuals face penalties of up to three years imprisonment or PKR 2 million in fines for alleged violations. The editorial stated that excluding high courts from appeals weakened judicial oversight, while the law’s broad scope risks conflating criticism with chaos. The activists have urged a collaborative legislative approach to balance combating misinformation with safeguarding freedoms. Furthermore, they warned that suppressing dissent undermined democracy and public trust. (“Peca again,” The International News, 24 January 2025)
EDUCATION
On Pakistan’s education crisis, “Pakistan still has over a third of its children not in school and the total number of out-of-school children is only growing,” says an editorial in The International News
On 24 January, an editorial titled, “Missing out on the future,” in The International News stated that the stark reality of Pakistan’s education crisis becomes even more apparent on the International Day of Education. Pakistan has over 25 million out-of-school children and accounts for roughly 10 per cent of the global total of 250 million children not attending school. The editorial stated that while technology, including AI, promises to improve education access, Pakistan’s digital divide only exacerbates these disparities. The situation has worsened following crises like COVID-19 and the 2022 floods. Despite this, the government’s education budget remains very low, at just 1.9 per cent of GDP. This is far below the recommended 4 per cent by the international experts. The evolution of digital technologies and AI further deepens the knowledge gap. This in turn places future generations at a significant disadvantage. Pakistan already faces economic struggles and a growing youth population. The editorial further stated that the long-term consequences of failing to address this issue will hinder both individual futures and national development. (“Missing out on the future,” The International News, 24 January 2025)
PROVINCES
Balochistan: Director General of Levies Force suspends officials for abusing their authority
On 24 January, Dawn reported that the Director General of Balochistan Levies Force Abdul Ghaffar Magsi suspended three officials in Mastung for abusing their authority and torturing a citizen. The action followed a viral video showing the assault. An inquiry led by Levies (operations) director Inayatullah Kasi has been initiated. Additionally, a Levies official in Chaman, Mohammad Idris, was suspended after being caught on video taking a bribe at the Gurdang checkpoint. DG Magsi sought a report from Chaman Deputy Commissioner Habib Ahmad Bangulzai, who assigned the assistant commissioner to investigate and submit findings within two days. The authorities vowed to take swift accountability for both incidents. (“4 Balochistan Levies officials suspended,” Dawn, 24 January 2025)
Balochistan: CM Bugti highlights province’s potential for global trade and investment
On 23 January, Balochistan’s Chief Minister Sarfraz Bugti highlighted Balochistan’s potential as a key hub for global trade and investment during an international event in Switzerland. He emphasized the province’s strategic location, vast natural resources, and its role as Pakistan’s largest province, covering 44 per cent of the country’s landmass. He said: “Balochistan is Pakistan’s gateway to regional and global trade.” He further pointed to the opportunities in Gwadar Port, CPEC, and resources like Reko Diq’s copper-gold reserves, natural gas, and agriculture. He also discussed special economic zones like the Gwadar Free Zone, offered tax exemptions and incentives, and stressed investing in sectors like fisheries, education, and healthcare to drive inclusive growth. (“Balochistan offers immense investment opportunities: CM Bugti,” Dawn, 24 January 2025)
On exodus of Sindh’s Hindus to India, “India’s Citizenship Amendment Act allows non-Muslims from Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh facing ‘persecution’ in their home countries to seek Indian citizenship,” says an editorial in The International News
On 24 January, an editorial titled, “Hindu exodus,” in Dawn stated that the exodus of Sindh’s Hindu community is due to factors like forced conversions, abductions, and poor law enforcement. A recent HRCP report highlighted that economic hardships and the state’s inability to protect its citizens are also contributing to this migration. In 2023 alone, around 300 Hindus from Kashmore migrated to India, where some found refuge and lived in refugee camps. The Citizenship Amendment Act in India has encouraged this migration, offering asylum to persecuted non-Muslims from Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Bangladesh. The editorial stated that while extremist elements are behind these attacks, the state must take responsibility for ensuring the safety and dignity of its Hindu citizens. Furthermore, the state should address the root causes of their suffering and allow those who left to return home. (“Hindu exodus,” The International News, 24 January 2025)
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It is not necessary to form a commission on every issue. Many things were being considered to find a middle ground. PTI acted very hastily. At least they could have found some legitimate excuse that would make people feel that they are really being mistreated.
Attaullah Tarar
- PMLN Digital
We have given the Speaker 28 days to call a meeting and we will consider their demands. Negotiations in politics are part of the democratic process. PTI should consider its decision.
Senator Irfan Siddiqui
- PMLN Digital
The fake government of Form 47 is targeting PTI workers and social media activists using institutions. Ruba Haider's post-arrest bail was finalized yesterday in the district court. What is worrying is that the bail was dismissed before the council's appearance.
Adv. Yousaf Wyne
- PTI
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"Women’s collective journey mirrors Pakistani democracy’s transformation."
- An opinion in Dawn, 'Women & power.'
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