The World Today: Top stories of the day
#456, 24 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Delna Rajesh, and Samraksha Mukund

Israel and Palestine: Military operation displaces 1,200 Palestinians in Hebron 
On 24 October, Reuters reported that Israel’s forces had reportedly displaced around 1,200 Palestinians from their homes in Hebron following a reported Palestinian shooting attack that killed two of Israel’s soldiers near a military checkpoint. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu announced a large-scale operation to search for militants and weapons, alongside demolitions. Hebron’s municipal head, Yousef Zouhair Al-Jabari, said another 1,300 Palestinians faced potential displacement, while the Palestinian Prisoners’ Club reported around 70 arrests. The Palestinian Authority stated that the operation was “collective punishment.” Additionally, Israeli forces reportedly blocked entrances to Palestinian cities and towns across the occupied West Bank. Residents reported demolitions of homes, shops, factories and roads in Hebron, with some saying that people unconnected to the attack had been forced from their homes. 
(“Around 1,200 Palestinians are displaced in Hebron as Israel begins military operation,” Reuters, 24 October 2026)

France: Government scales up police presence across the country ahead of planned protest marches
On 24 October, Reuters reported that French security forces were deployed across Paris, ahead of planned protests. The mobilisation comes after protests last weekend over the cost of living and growing inequality turned violent, with looting reported. About 70,000 police have been deployed nationwide. France's Interior Minister Laurent Nunez warned police officers that they needed to be “ultra-responsive” against attempts to attack shops, public institutions and security forces. Several businesses in Paris temporarily closed amidst fears of violence. Additionally, monuments and cultural institutions in the capital such as the Louvre, the Musée d’Orsay and the Opera House also announced they would be shut for the day, alongside over 20 metro stations. Meanwhile, the Paris police prefecture informed that the declared route for the main demonstration in the city would be shifted from the city centre to the southeastern part, due to the risk of disturbances to public order. Several other French cities, including Lyon, Nancy and Rouen, have restricted or banned demonstrations. 
(“France mounts huge security operation as protestors prepare to march,” Reuters, 24 October 2026)

Brazil: Lula, Bolsonaro argue over cost of living in concluding debate before election
On 24 October, Reuters reported that the two candidates for the runoff of the Brazilian presidential election, incumbent President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva and Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, had clashed over issues such as the cost of living in the final debate before the key election on 25 October. Lula argued that his administration had succeeded in providing food security for Brazilians and increased the minimum wage. On the other hand, Bolsonaro responded that food prices increased during the Lula administration. The senator also alleged that new tax rules passed by the government would elevate the tax burden upon consumers. Another key point of contention between the two candidates was corruption. Both candidates questioned each other over their linkages to a recent corruption scandal involving prominent financial institution Banco Master. The debate was one of the final events of the presidential campaign before the runoff. Opinion polls have shown Bolsonaro and Lula as about even for the final round. 
(“Bolsonaro and Lula clash on living costs, corruption in final Brazil election debate,” Reuters, 24 October 2026)

North Korea: Kim Jong Un calls to build the “strongest army”
On 24 October, Reuters reported that North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un called for the country’s army companies to become elite, self-sufficient combat units during a two-day conference of company commanders in Pyongyang on 22 and 23 October. According to state news agency KCNA, Kim urged every company to prepare fully to achieve the country’s military modernisation goals. He stated, “Let us build the strongest army and speed up a military revolution in our style.” The conference was reportedly the first military-wide gathering of company commanders since the ruling Workers’ Party’s Ninth Congress. Additionally, Kim called for strengthening conventional forces, reaffirming North Korea’s commitment to developing nuclear weapons and missiles.
(“North Korea's Kim calls for 'military revolution' as he urges stronger army units,” Reuters, 24 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#254, 24 October 2026
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, and Sreemaya Nair

Nepal: Nepali Congress misses mandatory one-third women’s representation on central committee
On 24 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that women secured 69 of the 231 elected positions on the Nepali Congress central committee, accounting for 29.87 per cent and falling short of the party’s mandatory one-third quota. Under the party statute, women must comprise at least one-third of executive committees at every level. The 297-member central committee includes 231 elected members and 66 nominees appointed by party president Gagan Thapa. He must nominate at least 30 women to meet the required 99 seats. All 69 elected women won reserved or inclusion-category seats, while none secured an unreserved seat. Three women were elected to office-bearing positions, including Dila Sangroula, the party’s first woman general secretary. The results expand representation but highlight continuing barriers to women’s participation in open contests.  
(“Nepali Congress falls short of one-third women’s quota in central committee,” The Kathmandu Post, 24 October 2026)

Bhutan: Thimphu to receive USD 17.42 million ADB support to protect vulnerable households
On 24 October, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) approved USD 17.42 million to help Bhutan protect vulnerable households from rising food and energy costs amid the Middle East conflict. The financing includes a USD 13.45 million grant and a USD 3.97 million loan, supporting Bhutan’s USD 267.88 million Anti-Crisis Action Plan. Measures include monthly assistance of up to BTN 10,000 for eligible women in large families, rural household energy subsidies, expanded school feeding programmes and tax exemptions on essential goods. The programme will also support small-scale public works, replenish fuel storage facilities and procure 45 electric buses. ADB projected Bhutan’s economic growth to slow from 8.5 per cent in 2025 to 6.5 per cent in 2026, before recovering to 7.2 per cent in 2027.
("ADB approves USD 17.4M to protect Bhutanese families from Middle East impacts," Kuensel, 24 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka seeks grant-based climate finance ahead of COP31
On 24 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the State Minister for Foreign Affairs, Shama Obaed Islam, urged developed nations to provide climate finance through grants rather than loans, so as not to add to the debt burden of vulnerable countries, speaking at a national dialogue on Bangladesh's COP31 position in Dhaka. She said coordinated efforts across government, the private sector, and civil society were needed to strengthen the country's negotiating position, and announced plans to showcase jute products at a dedicated pavilion at COP31. Figures presented at the dialogue showed Bangladesh's updated NDC 3.0 targets a 20.31 per cent emissions cut by 2035, requiring USD 116.18 billion, including USD 90.23 billion in international support, while the National Adaptation Plan needs approximately USD 230 billion.
("Bangladesh seeks grant-based climate finance ahead of COP31," Dhaka Tribune, 24 October 2026)

Myanmar: Junta airstrike kills 11 civilians, including children, in Sittwe
On 24 October, Mizzima reported that 11 civilians, including children, were killed when the military carried out an airstrike on crowded wards in Sittwe, Rakhine State, shortly after 0700 hrs on 23 October, according to local residents. A resident said a Y-12 transport plane circled and dropped two bombs near the Shwe Ngar Bakery intersection between Maw Leik and Kyaung Tet Lan wards, and near the Ka Thit Taw junction, hitting many people during the busy morning hour. Five people died immediately. Of 20 critically injured people taken to hospital, six more died, bringing the toll to 11. Victims' identities are still being verified. Residents are sheltering as the injured receive treatment. Fighting continues daily as the Arakan Army (AA) pushes to seize Sittwe, while junta forces reinforce the city.
("Over 10 civilians reported dead in Myanmar junta airstrike on Sittwe in Rakhine," Mizzima, 24 October 2026)

Maldives: Colombo donates essential medicines worth MVR 250,000 to Maldives
On 24 October, SunOnline International reported that the Sri Lankan government donated a consignment of essential medicines worth over LKR 05 million (approximately MVR 250,000) to the Maldives, following a request from Maldives' Health Minister Geela Ali. Sri Lankan Health Minister Dr Nalinda Jayatissa handed over the donation to Maldives' High Commissioner Masood Imad at a ceremony in Colombo, with support from the Medical Supplies Division, the State Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Corporation, and the Chamber of Pharmaceutical Industry. Imad thanked the Sri Lankan government, highlighting the longstanding friendship between the two countries.
("Sri Lanka donates MVR 250,000 in essential medicines to the Maldives," SunOnline International, 24 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#455, 23 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Delna Rajesh, and Samraksha Mukund

Yemen: Government forces target Houthi positions, as Saudi air defences intercept ballistic missile
On 23 October, Al Jazeera reported that Yemen’s forces conducted targeted drone strikes against Houthi military positions in the eastern province of al-Jawf and launched airstrikes on weapons depots west of Taiz, according to local military statements. Meanwhile, a spokesperson for the Saudi-led coalition confirmed that air defence systems intercepted and destroyed a Houthi-launched ballistic missile aimed at the southern Saudi city of Khamis Mushait. Houthi-affiliated media reported that retaliatory airstrikes subsequently struck rebel-held positions across the Saada and Hodeidah provinces. The exchange comes amid escalating regional hostilities, following earlier Houthi missile and drone operations directed at strategic infrastructure and military sites across the Arabian Peninsula.
(“Live: Netanyahu says army prepared for ‘large-scale operation’ in West Bank,” Al Jazeera, 23 October 2026

The War in Ukraine: Both exchange prisoners as Putin demands security guarantees; Kyiv seeks EU-based customs checks
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Russia’s President Vladimir Putin said proposed Ukraine peace talks must address security guarantees for both Russia and Ukraine, adding that Moscow sought lasting peace. Putin agreed with US envoy Steve Witkoff that discussions should establish a future framework for European security, while insisting that any negotiations over eastern Ukraine recognise the region as “historically Russian land.”  Meanwhile, Russia and Ukraine exchanged 270 prisoners of war each in the latest swap. Ukraine’s President Zelenskyy said Kyiv had also received nine civilians and five prisoners previously believed to be dead. Separately, Ukraine held discussions with Poland and Slovakia on introducing customs checks for grain-export lorries to reduce exposure to Russia’s drone strikes. Ukraine’s Foreign Ministry said Kyiv sought to expand the initiative following the establishment of joint border control points with Moldova. Spokesperson Heorhii Tykhyi attributed the initiative to the “new security environment” created by Russia’s strikes on Ukraine’s borders.
(“Putin says talks must focus on security for Russia, Ukraine and Europe overall,” Reuters, 22 October 2026; “Russia and Ukraine swap 270 prisoners each,” Reuters, 23 October 2026;  “Ukraine seeks to move customs checks inside EU to avoid Russian drones, FT reports,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

France and the UK: First joint nuclear exercise has been conducted over the Mediterranean Sea
On 23 October, Reuters reported that the UK and France’s jets had conducted their first joint exercise involving France’s airborne nuclear capability over the Mediterranean Sea. France’s jets were escorted by the UK’s RAF Typhoon fighters after taking off from Saint-Dizier air base in northeastern France. They both simulated a nuclear strike exercise called Rummy. UK’s Defence Secretary Wes Streeting stated about their commitment to European security and nuclear deterrence. In March, France’s President Emmanuel Macron announced plans to expand its nuclear arsenal and invited European partners for joint exercises and possible temporary deployment of France’s nuclear-capable assets on their territory. 
(“British jets join French nuclear exercise for first time, France says,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

France: Government summons 70,000 security forces across country ahead of the protest
On 23 October, Reuters reported that France’s Interior Minister Laurent Nunez had informed that 70,000 security forces would be mobilized across France for the protests planned for Saturday. Nunez alleged that there had been calls from the far-left to target public buildings. He stated that the government was prepared to be completely firm for the protests, and not tolerate anything. 
(“France to mobilise 70,000 security forces for Saturday protest, interior minister says,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

The US and North Korea: Trump-Kim meeting unlikely in 2026
On 23 October, Reuters reported that US and South Korea’s officials saw minimal chance of a meeting between President Donald Trump and North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un in 2026. The US hasn’t received any response from Pyongyang regarding the meeting, leaving limited time before the summit of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation group in Shenzhen, China. North Korea had indicated that it would give tough conditions including sanctions relief, before agreeing to a bilateral summit. South Korea’s intelligence agency had estimated a 50 per cent chance of a meeting earlier, but experts later assessed the chance of a summit during the APEC gathering at less than 10 per cent. China had also attempted to facilitate dialogue, but its recent discussion between Trump and President Xi had not produced any breakthrough. Trump’s meetings with Kim in 2018 and 2019 had not reached in a concrete agreement. 
(“US, South Korean officials see little chance of Trump-Kim meeting this year,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

The World Tomorrow
China: President Xi’s authority and tighter party discipline to dominate Communist Party’s fifth plenum
On 23 October, Reuters reported that China's ruling Communist Party will convene roughly 300 members of its elite Central Committee for a closed-door fifth plenum from 26-29 October in Beijing, focusing on enforcing internal discipline and cementing President Xi Jinping's authority ahead of the 2027 leadership reshuffle. The conclave follows widespread anti-corruption purges that have thinned leadership ranks, removing three Politburo members and five military commanders from the Central Military Commission since 2022. While analysts do not expect major succession signals or high-level promotions, the plenum will formalise systemic governance changes and ratify the expulsions of former Politburo members Zhang Youxia and Ma Xingrui. Operating under strict security and confidentiality, the four-day meeting will conclude with an official Xinhua dispatch outlining agreed policy directives aimed at ensuring absolute ideological alignment across the party bureaucracy.
(“Tougher discipline, and Xi's authority, key at China's Communist Party's fifth plenum “How China's October 26 to 29 Communist Party plenum works,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

Today in History 
23 October 1956: Hungarian revolution erupts against Soviet rule, triggering countrywide uprising and military crackdown
On 23 October 1956, the Hungarian Revolution marked its beginning with student-led demonstrations in Budapest that escalated into a full-scale country wide uprising against Soviet control. These demonstrations were driven by de-Stalinization reforms across the Eastern Bloc and a desire for political liberalization. The collapse of the ruling communist government led to the reappointment of reformist Prime Minister Imre Nagy, who declared Hungarian neutrality, promised free elections, and announced plans to withdraw from the Warsaw Pact. In response, Soviet forces launched a major military invasion on 04 November, crushing the rebellion by 11 November after intense urban fighting that left an estimated 2,500 Hungarians and 700 Soviet soldiers dead. Following the suppression, over 200,000 refugees fled the country, while a pro-Soviet administration under János Kádár executed Nagy for treason in 1958, initiating years of mass reprisals before eventually transitioning into more moderate "goulash communism" policies.
(“The Hungarian Revolution,” Britannica, 19 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#253, 23 October 2026
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Finance minister declares end of anti-India nationalism and calls for closer ties
On 23 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal’s Finance Minister Swarnim Wagle said the country’s era of associating nationalism with anti-India sentiment was over. Speaking at the NDTV World Summit 2026 in New Delhi, Wagle stressed the deep cultural, geographical and economic links between the two countries. He said the new government wanted to strengthen bilateral relations through trade, energy cooperation, transport connectivity and tourism. Wagle also indicated that Prime Minister Balendra Shah could visit India by the end of 2026, although no date had been confirmed. He highlighted India’s assistance during Nepal’s 2015 earthquake and recent floods, while emphasising the need for sustained economic cooperation. The remarks come as Kathmandu and New Delhi seek to improve relations under Nepal’s new political leadership.
(“The era of anti-India nationalism is over, Wagle says,” The Kathmandu Post, 23 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Government seeks USD 3.77 billion from World Bank for energy and food security
On 23 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the government formally requested USD 3.77 billion from the World Bank for the current fiscal year, comprising USD 2.77 billion in project financing and USD 01 billion in direct budget support, to cover energy imports, food security, banking reforms, and infrastructure. The pipeline includes USD 350 million in guarantee support for long-term LNG imports, USD 450 million for financial sector reforms, and USD 300 million for emergency fertiliser imports. Bangladesh is also discussing an extra USD 10 billion over three years under a "Resilience, Reform and Investment Partnership" framework, which Finance Minister Amir Khasru Mahmud Chowdhury said had not yet been finalised. In parallel, the delegation negotiated with the IMF over a USD 4.5 billion loan package, with an IMF technical team due in Dhaka within two weeks.
("Govt seeks $3.77bn from World Bank for LNG, food security," Dhaka Tribune, 23 October 2026)

Myanmar: Boom of rare earth exports exposes limits of Junta Control
On 23 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Myanmar’s rare earth exports to China are surging despite the military regime exercising little control over the mines producing them. China imported 5,021 tons of rare earths in September, with Myanmar supplying 70 per cent. Myanmar is particularly important for heavy rare earth elements such as dysprosium and terbium, essential for high performance magnets used in electric vehicles, renewable energy, electronics and defense technologies. Kachin State contains most of Myanmar’s mines which numbers approximately over 600, but the Kachin Independence Army  (KIA) seized key mining centers from a junta aligned militia in 2024. Production is also expanding in Shan State, where armed organizations including the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA), United Wa State Army (UWSA) and National Democratic Alliance Army (NDAA) control mining areas and trade routes into China. This fragmented territorial control complicates growing interests of the US and India, in accessing Myanmar’s mineral resources. Although junta supporters portray rare earths as a leverage for securing international recognition, the central contradiction is that Naypyitaw cannot reliably control or deliver the resources the foreign powers seek.
(“Myanmar Rare Earth Exports Surge Amid Illusion of Regime Control,” The Irrawaddy, 23 October 2026)

Myanmar Opinion: Thet Htar Maung, “China’s Myanmar Policy—Consistent but Fundamentally Flawed,” The Irrawaddy, 22 October 2026
“China continues to prioritize the Myanmar military, treating ethnic armed groups along the border as secondary entities it must keep in check and largely ignoring forces farther afield such as the National Unity Government (NUG), People’s Defense Forces (PDF) and Spring Revolution alliances. Yet the core problems remain unresolved. The war has not abated. Myanmar is not stable. In practice, the regime remains keen on military solutions alone—retaking lost territory with Chinese backing. China’s goal of stability in Myanmar, in other words, is further out of reach than ever. By trusting the military to deliver it, Beijing has handcuffed itself to failure.”

Sri Lanka: Colombo’s population density identified as key factor in spread of TB 
On 23 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka’s Health Minister Nalinda Jayatissa has identified Colombo City’s high population density as an important factor facilitating the spread of tuberculosis (TB), compounded by infected individuals failing to seek treatment. Parliamentary data show considerable fluctuations in reported infections. Cases declined from 871 in 2019 to 736 in 2020 before rising to 796 in 2021. They then increased sharply to 1,093 in 2022 and peaked at 1,130 in 2023. Although infections subsequently fell to 1,064 in 2024 and 968 in 2025, Colombo continues to face significant TB transmission risks. The figures highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment alongside public health measures addressing transmission in densely populated urban environments.
(“Colombo’s high population density contributes to TB spread: Minister,” Daily Mirror, 23 October 2026)

Sri Lanka Opinion:  Ravinatha Aryasinha, Bernard Goonetilleke, Prof Jayanath Colombage, and Nilantha Ilangamuwa, “Can a research centre on Katchatheevu resolve the Indo-Lanka fisheries issue?,” Daily Mirror, 23 October 2026
“Katchatheevu was placed on the Sri Lankan side in keeping with the demarcation of maritime boundary lines under the agreement signed in June, 1974. Establishing a research facility will also provide a continuing Sri Lankan institutional presence on the island, consistent with Sri Lanka’s position under the existing India–Sri Lanka maritime arrangements. This issue needs to be resolved through dialogue between the governments in New Delhi and Colombo, while also engaging the Tamil Nadu government and the people of Jaffna. After all, this is a people’s issue on both sides of the Palk Strait. There is strong sentiment in Jaffna over the matter, notwithstanding the close and fraternal relations between the people on both sides. The real objective, however, is to find common ground without antagonising India. We have goodwill between the two countries, so why can’t we use it to resolve this issue?”
 
Sri Lanka Opinion: Dilum Alagiyawanna, “Sri Lanka’s renewable energy strategy revisited: From exporting electricity to powering an AI-driven economy – II,” The Island, 23 October 2026
“Sri Lanka must recognise that economic transformation will not occur exclusively inside large industrial estates, data centres or foreign-owned infrastructure projects. It will also take place in small factories, family businesses, agricultural processing facilities, research institutions, village enterprises and ordinary homes where independent professionals connect with international markets. Sri Lanka’s long-term economic strength will depend not merely on how much foreign capital it attracts, but on how effectively it enables its own people to become productive, innovative and internationally competitive. Our renewable-energy resources should help create those opportunities. Electricity exports should complement national development, not constrain it.”

Maldives: Cybersecurity agency warns of critical PHP vulnerability
On 23 October, SunOnline International reported that the National Cyber Security Agency and the Maldives Police Service urged users to immediately update systems running PHP after discovery of a critical vulnerability, dubbed "PHP 2 Shell," rated 9.2 under CVSS version 4.0. The flaw allows unauthorised attackers to execute code and gain full control of websites without credentials, with hackers actively attempting to exploit it, affecting platforms such as WordPress. Administrators were advised to upgrade to PHP versions 8.5.12, 8.4.27, 8.3.36, or 8.2.35 or later, verify server security and report suspected intrusions to the Police Cyber Crime Centre.
("Authorities urge to update PHP systems citing critical security vulnerabilities," SunOnline International, 23 October 2026)

Afghanistan: AFF switches from guerrilla attacks on Taliban to conventional frontline fighting 
On 23 October, Afghanistan International reported that the Afghanistan Freedom Front (AFF) has claimed the rocket attack on Taliban's military and training facilities at Bagram airbase. The rocket attack had caused several casualties and damages. The AFF said the attack took place on 22 October and was carried out based on intel collected by the group on the military base. According to AFF sources, 10 Taliban members were killed or wounded in the attack. They have also reported that there were no casualties of AFF fighters and everyone involved in the attack's operation had withdrawn to safe positions. The Taliban is yet to release a formal statement on the incident. The AFF has reported that it's military operations against the Taliban have shifted to a conventional frontline fighting style from previously used guerrilla attacks. There have been recent clashes in the Zebak district of Badakhshan, Kamdesh district of Nuristan and parts of Kunar. The AFF has also made claims of already capturing some of the mentioned regions.
("Rocket Attack on Bagram Airbase Causes Taliban Casualties, says AFF," Afghanistan International, 23 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#83, 23 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
China: Beijing approves DeepSeek and MiniMax AI models for global deployment
On 23 October, Reuters reported that prominent China-based AI developers DeepSeek and MiniMax have secured state authorisation for global deployment of their AI models. However, neither DeepSeek nor MiniMax immediately responded to requests for comment. The development follows Beijing’s proposal on 16 October to institute export controls across 23 AI technologies, including models, agents, and computing clusters, to safeguard tech infrastructure vital to national security amid heightening tech competition with Washington. China's Ministry of Commerce clarified, however, that most AI tools remain exportable, featuring streamlined licensing procedures for open-source frameworks and China-based tech firms operating computing hubs abroad.
(“China's DeepSeek, MiniMax win approval for AI global use, state media-affiliated entity says,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

AI INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT
Cable production capacity emerges as bottleneck for AI data centre expansion, says Nexans 
On 23 October, Reuters reported that cable manufacturing capacity has emerged as a major bottleneck in the rapid construction of AI-driven data centres, as surging demand outpaces global production capabilities, according to Nexans Chief Financial Officer Vincent Piquet. The executive noted that expanding production lines for specialised cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) power cables typically requires about three years, creating supply constraints while developers face pressure to build facilities quickly. Large data centres rely heavily on low- and medium-voltage cabling to connect to local power grids, where supply bottlenecks and regulatory delays are already causing project setbacks in key markets. Despite power grid hurdles slowing some developments, Piquet stated that grid constraints are boosting demand for Nexans' equipment, allowing the cable maker to select high-value projects and secure longer multi-year contracts with operators like France's Enedis.
(“Cable capacity emerges as bottleneck for AI data centres, Nexans says,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

AI SAFETY AND GOVERNANCE
External evaluators find flaws in OpenAI’s monitoring and security systems
On 23 October, Reuters reported that AI safety evaluators METR and Redwood Research uncovered several vulnerabilities in OpenAI’s internal monitoring systems during a pilot embedded review earlier this year, including an exploit agents could use to avoid monitoring across hundreds of actions. The exercise, conducted between July and August, granted external researchers direct access to OpenAI's internal code, technical staff, and documentation on-site. The evaluators also identified a method for OpenAI’s Codex agents to bypass security controls and act with full user permissions. OpenAI stated it has since patched all production safeguards affected by the vulnerabilities, though the safety organisations noted they have not independently verified the fixes. 
(“External evaluators find flaws in OpenAI's AI monitoring system in pilot review,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

CYBERSECURITY
The US: Washington blocks two devices with Huawei-linked surveillance chips from entering market
On 23 October, Reuters reported that the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) has barred a dashboard camera and a wireless video transmitter from entering the US market, marking the first enforcement action under new rules targeting foreign surveillance chips linked to China's Huawei. The blocked devices contain processors manufactured by Huawei subsidiary HiSilicon that feature built-in facial detection algorithms and are explicitly marketed for surveillance applications. FCC Chair Brendan Carr stated that video hardware incorporating foreign surveillance chips from entities on the national security risk list presents an unacceptable threat to national security. The action follows a July FCC vote prohibiting sales of devices integrated with critical components from blacklisted firms, amid a broader US government crackdown on China-based technology hardware. Huawei and HiSilicon did not immediately respond to requests for comment.
(“US blocks two devices with Chinese-made surveillance chips,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

North Korea: Suspected DDoS attack disrupts the state's internet connectivity, taking down more than 40 websites
On 23 October, Reuters reported that a suspected DDoS cyberattack triggered widespread internet disruptions in North Korea this week, shutting down more than 40 official state-managed websites, as announced by US network analysis firm Kentik. Doug Madory, Kentik’s director of internet analysis, reported that sudden waves of traffic originating from regions including Vietnam, Venezuela, and the Philippines coincided with sporadic outages across a 32-hour period. Affected portals included the foreign ministry and state news agency KCNA under the country’s kp. domain. While the origin of the attack remains unidentified, analysts clarified the outages were distinct from recent global software vulnerabilities and domestic power grid instability. North Korea’s heavily restricted network previously experienced a comparable blackout in late 2014 following geopolitical tensions over Sony Pictures' release of "The Interview."
(“North Korean internet was hit by DDoS cyberattack, network monitoring firm says,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

Japan: Tokoyo plans AI-driven red team to simulate cyberattacks as PHP flaws disrupt global internet
On 23 October, Reuters reported that Japan announced plans to form an AI-driven red-teaming unit to simulate cyberattacks and uncover system vulnerabilities as organisations worldwide scramble to mitigate risks from critical flaws in the PHP programming language. Disclosures of long-standing PHP vulnerabilities discovered using AI tools sparked millions of hacking attempts, forcing emergency shutdowns of government, banking, transit, and tax services globally. In Japan, major telecom carrier SoftBank suspended its mobile emergency alert system for maintenance to patch the flaw, temporarily disrupting automated warnings for earthquakes and tsunamis. Japan’s Industry Minister Ryosei Akazawa stressed the need to proactively deploy AI defences to match evolving attacker tactics. Meanwhile, PHP developers released emergency patches, urging immediate system updates as major firms and government agencies of Japan work to restore affected online operations.
(“Japan to simulate cyberattacks as PHP flaws roil global internet,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

AI AND DEFENCE
The War in Ukraine: Trump says Musk restored Kyiv’s Starlink access, declines to confirm direct talks
On 23 October, Reuters reported that US President Trump said that SpaceX Chief Executive Elon Musk had restored satellite internet access via Starlink for Ukraine, though Trump declined to confirm whether he spoke directly to Musk about the matter. The statement follows a report by the Wall Street Journal indicating Trump had personally requested Musk lift connectivity limits that were hampering Ukraine’s military operations. Starlink speed and bandwidth caps had previously impaired Ukraine’s drone operations and frontline communications, though Ukraine’s President Zelenskiy noted that full speeds had not yet been restored across all terminals. Trump denied direct involvement in the initial slowdown, while Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that service decisions remain under the authority of SpaceX.
(“Trump says Musk restored Ukraine's Starlink access, declines to say if they spoke,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS 
Canada and Turkey: AtkinsRealis emerges as contender for Ankara’s third nuclear power plant, says PM Carney 
On 23 October, Reuters reported that Canada-based engineering company AtkinsRealis has emerged as a contender to help build Turkey's third nuclear power plant in the northwestern region of Thrace, Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney announced. The news comes as Canada and Turkey upgraded bilateral relations to a "strategic partnership" aimed at expanding trade, energy, and defence ties while diversifying Canada’s export markets away from reliance on the US. Carney expressed optimism regarding AtkinsRealis's prospects using its CANDU reactor technology against competing bids from Russia, South Korea, China, and Japan, noting a final decision by Ankara is expected before the end of the year. Meanwhile, Russia’s state nuclear agency Rosatom continues construction on Turkey's first nuclear plant at Akkuyu, where a first-stage power startup is anticipated by year-end.
(“Carney says AtkinsRealis is a contender to build nuclear power plant in Turkey,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

The US: Washington to award USD 389 million in R&D funding for power semiconductors and critical materials
On 23 October, Reuters reported that the US Commerce Department announced plans to award USD 389 million in research and development funding under the CHIPS Act to four companies developing power semiconductors and critical materials, with a focus on supporting commercial fusion energy and AI infrastructure. As a condition of the grants, the federal government will receive non-controlling, non-voting minority equity stakes in the recipient firms. Under the letters of intent, Washington-based Helion will receive up to USD 175 million for high-voltage power semiconductors used in fusion power generators, backed by USD 50 million in additional private investment. Commonwealth Fusion Systems will be awarded up to USD 85 million to develop specialised semiconductors for plasma heating and robotic maintenance. Vertical Semiconductor, an MIT spinoff, will secure up to USD 73 million to advance vertical gallium nitride power transistors designed to boost power efficiency in AI data centres. Additionally, Sibelco North America will receive up to USD 56 million to construct a North Carolina demonstration facility for ultra-high-purity quartz purification, a critical component in the semiconductor supply chain.
(“US to award $389 million in R&D funds for power semiconductors, critical materials,” Reuters, 23 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#454, 22 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Delna Rajesh, and Samraksha Mukund

Yemen: Houthi claim strikes on Saudi military and civilian infrastructure, killing two and disrupting air traffic
On 22 October, Al Jazeera reported that Houthis launched a series of cross-border strikes targeting key military and civilian infrastructure across Saudi Arabia, killing two people and disrupting regional air traffic amid escalating Middle East hostilities. Houthi spokesmen claimed responsibility for targeting Saudi Arabia's Defence Ministry in Riyadh, Aramco facilities in Yanbu, and King Fahd International Airport in Dammam, where Saudi aviation authorities confirmed two fatalities, including an Indian national, following an attack. The regional strikes drew swift condemnation from neighbouring Gulf states, including Qatar and the UAE, as coalition forces reported intercepting multiple incoming drones and missiles aimed at the kingdom's major cities.
(“Iran war live: IRGC threatens US bases if tankers continue ‘illegal’ routes,” Al Jazeera, 22 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine; Putin informs three-way talks with Kyiv and US are possible next month as Zelenskyy expresses support
On 21 October, Reuters reported that Russia’s President Putin shared his consent to proposals for three-way talks with the US and Ukraine. Moscow informed that the talks, which would be on a technical level, could commence on or after 10 November. Further stating that the talks could take place in Abu Dhabi, focusing on guaranteeing the security of both Ukraine and Russia after the end of the war. The announcement came after a meeting between Putin and US envoy Steve Witkoff. Zelenskyy stated that Ukraine supported the new talks initiative, and it was open to any proposals for a ceasefire, an energy ceasefire, humanitarian initiatives, and an end to the war. Meanwhile, both sides traded attacks on each other. According to Ukraine, Russia fired at least 21 ballistic missiles in three waves. Zelenskyy said that a dozen Ukrainian regions suffered attacks and criticized Witkoff for referring to Putin as a “humanitarian.” Russia stated that Ukraine had launched 630 drones towards Moscow overnight. 
(“Putin agrees to resume 3-way peace talks with Ukraine and US,” Reuters, 21 October 2026; “Ukraine’s Zelenskiy hopes for new talks with Russia, US by early November,” Reuters, 21 October 2026; “Russia pounds Kyiv, Ukraine launches drones, despite talk of renewing negotiations,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

Canada and Turkey: PM Carney visits Ankara to deepen trade and defence ties and reduce reliance on US markets
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney arrived in Ankara to meet Turkey’s President Tayyip Erdogan for the first bilateral visit, seeking to expand trade ties and hedge against US tariff threats. The leaders are expected to upgrade relations to a strategic partnership and sign agreements boosting cooperation in defence, energy, and nuclear development as Ottawa pursues an ambitious push to double its non-US exports over the next decade. Facing a volatile US trade policy environment, Carney is navigating geopolitical and human rights concerns to position Canada as a reliable economic partner for middle powers, building on recent negotiations for a free trade agreement and defence cooperation with Ankara.
(“Canada's Carney visits Turkey in push to ease US trade dependence,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

Greece: Government implements sanctions linked to Iran
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Greece confirmed the implementation of sanctions linked to Iran. The ministry stated that this move aims to uphold the efforts to combat money laundering and the ⁠financing of terrorism. The statement followed the US Treasury Department’s announcement of the imposition of sanctions on Karnakis and Karnakis, a law firm operating in Greece and Panama. The US Treasury accused the firm of providing legal assistance to Iran’s shipping networks. Additionally, the US Financial Crimes Enforcement Network had issued an administrative subpoena to an unnamed Greek bank as part of an investigation. The Greek finance ministry added that appropriate measures were being taken in accordance with established procedures and applicable national, EU and international law.
(“Greece says it is implementing sanctions linked to Iran,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

Taiwan: Typhoon Champi causes disruption in US-Japan drills
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Taiwan had issued a land warning as Typhoon Champi approached the island, cancelling more than 200 flights and forcing changes to a major US-Japan military exercise. According to Taiwan's Central Weather Administration (CWA), Champi weakened slightly but continued to produce wind gusts exceeding 227 kilometres per hour. The storm was about 520 km (320 miles) southeast of Taiwan's southern tip and was expected to pass northeastern Taiwan, turn north toward China’s coast and eventually move into southern Japan. Authorities issued mobile phone alerts to coastal communities, warning of waves exceeding six metres and nearly one metre of rain in northern mountainous areas, including regions near Taipei. President Lai Ching-te urged the public to prepare and avoid coastal and mountainous areas. Taiwan cancelled 125 flights, mostly domestic services, while Japan’s major airlines cancelled more than 100. The storm also disrupted the Keen Sword military exercise involving Japan, the US and five other forces.
(“Typhoon Champi nears Taiwan, causing flight cancellations and disrupting US-Japan drills,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

Turkey: Ankara scheduled to organise discussions with European and regional diplomats over continuing regional conflicts
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan would reportedly host foreign ministers from regional and European countries for discussions around ongoing regional conflicts. A diplomatic source in Turkey informed that Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Pakistan, the UK, France and Germany would attend the talks. The talks are expected to cover a wide range of topics including the Israel-Palestine conflict, developments in the Yemen conflict, the Strait of Hormuz crisis, initiatives to conclude the Ukraine war and opportunities for greater cooperation between the Regional and European countries. Additionally, the source informed that Fidan would present Turkey’s perspective on these crises. The source stated that this includes an emphasis on a diplomatic solution to the US- Iran war and Turkey's support for the security of Saudi Arabia against Houthi attacks. Fidan is also expected to highlight Turkish initiatives to prevent the spread of the Ukraine war to the Black Sea and the need for freedom of navigation in the straits of Hormuz and Bab-el-Mandeb.
(“Turkey to host regional and European foreign ministers for talks on regional conflicts, source says,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

The EU: Leaders to discuss Ukraine’s EUR 70 billion 2027 funding gap and bloc’s next long-term budget at November summit
On 22 October, Reuters reported that European leaders will convene at a special summit on 26-27 November to negotiate a financing agreement to cover Ukraine's estimated EUR 70 billion unmet funding gap for 2027, as well as the EU's 2028–2034 long-term budget, according to a bloc official. While Ukraine's 2026 financial needs are secured through a EUR 45 billion EU package, EUR 31 billion of which awaits disbursement upon Kyiv passing agreed reforms, the prolonged war has pushed 2027 funding requirements far beyond planned levels. Expected contributions of EUR 45 billion from non-EU allies have not fully materialised, leaving member states to evaluate new financing options, including potential loans, to bridge the shortfall. 
(“EU leaders to discuss 2027 money for Ukraine, next EU budget on November 26-27,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#252, 22 October 2026
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal opinion: Subeksha Poudel, "After Nepal’s recent disaster, it wants to test whether COP31 can deliver climate justice," 22 October 2026
"At COP31 next month, Nepal will have to press for more than financial pledges. It will need to seek accessible loss-and-damage finance, predictable support that does not add to its debt, and mechanisms capable of responding quickly when disasters strike. The US withdrawal from the Paris Agreement has added pressure on the countries that remain committed to climate action, while traditional donors are increasingly directing resources towards defence, conflict and domestic priorities … “If COP is able to decide to decrease the use of fossil fuels and decrease the rise in global temperature, it would be the greatest achievement for Nepal,” said Manjeet Dhakal. “It would be a win if COP can address a simple way for countries like Nepal to get climate finance." … Shachi pointed to Barbados as an example of what countries could achieve beyond financial pledges. “Barbados did not win a big number,” she said. “It won a rule: the World Bank now pauses loan repayments for small states hit by disaster. Extending such clauses to mountain countries and LDCs would do more for Nepal over time than any single pledge.” 

Bangladesh: HRSS seeks probe into execution of two nationals in Saudi Arabia over alleged diplomatic lapses
On 22 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the Human Rights Support Society (HRSS) called for accountability following the execution of two Bangladeshi nationals, Nazrul Islam Abdul Bashir and Sweety Akter, in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, on 14 October. The organisation expressed concern that Bangladesh’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and diplomatic missions were reportedly not informed before the executions. HRSS called for the disclosure of charges, trial details, sentences, and legal assistance provided to the two individuals. It also demanded an impartial investigation into possible negligence or coordination failures by the relevant ministries and diplomatic missions. The organisation urged the government to obtain an explanation from Saudi authorities, support the families of the executed nationals and take legal action against responsible officials if negligence is established. It also called for an updated list of Bangladeshis detained abroad and access to qualified legal counsel for those facing serious charges.
("HRSS seeks accountability over execution of two Bangladeshis in Saudi Arabia," Dhaka Tribune, 22 October 2026)

Myanmar: Japan’s Yohei Sasakawa renews peace pledge, as fighting with Arakan Army intensifies
On 22 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Yohei Sasakawa, honorary chairman of Japan’s Nippon Foundation, renewed his commitment to supporting Myanmar’s peace process during a meeting with President Min Aung Hlaing in Naypyitaw on 20 October. The visit comes amid intensified fighting in Rakhine State, where the Arakan Army is attacking Sittwe, the state capital. The military regime said Sasakawa also offered support for human resource development but provided no details on new initiatives or progress since his previous visit in August. Although the regime claims to support dialogue with ethnic armed organisations, it has excluded the Arakan Army from its talks. Sasakawa previously helped mediate ceasefires between the military and the Arakan Army, but fighting resumed in late 2023. Japan has suspended official development assistance since the 2021 coup and continues to call for an end to violence and genuine political dialogue.
(“Japan’s Sasakawa Renews Myanmar Peace Pledge as Regime Battles Arakan Army,” The Irrawaddy, 22 October 2026)

Myanmar Opinion: Ana Brown, “Buying Gas or Buying Surveillance? Gas-Rich Myanmar’s Deal With Russia,” The Irrawaddy, 21 October 2026
“The military is therefore not acquiring these capabilities in an abstract security environment. It is fighting an actual war … Russia does not need to sign a memorandum saying that it will help Myanmar locate ethnic armed organisations. No government writes agreements like that. It only needs to provide the infrastructure that makes locating them easier.”

Sri Lanka: IMF is yet to discuss about the alleged USD 01 billion import payment outflow with Colombo
On 22 October, Daily Mirror reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has said it has not yet discussed with Sri Lankan authorities allegations that around USD 01 billion was transferred out of the country through fraudulent import payments. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake earlier claimed that the funds were remitted abroad for imports that never arrived, raising concerns over financial oversight and possible illicit capital outflows. While the IMF did not comment on the allegations themselves, it emphasised the need for Sri Lanka to continue strengthening governance and anti-corruption measures. These reforms remain an important component of the country’s IMF-supported programme, alongside legislation already introduced to combat corruption and financial fraud.
(“IMF yet to discuss alleged US$ 1 billion outflow with Sri Lanka,” Daily Mirror, 22 October 2026)

Sri Lanka Editorial: “Stop criminalisation of poverty and usurping people’s judicial power" - FCEJ, Daily Mirror, 22 October 2026
“The intensifying crisis upon the lives of the poor and working people of the country is all too visible. Economic insecurity of households prevails with continued low wages, increasing wage theft and increased cost of living. This has led to the expansion of household debt and exploitation of the working poor by predatory financial institutions. Precarious informal labour has expanded, increasing harassment and exploitation in the workplace. These stresses are compounded by the impact of climate change on access to water, agriculture and fishing livelihoods and on working conditions in plantations and factories, thus increasing economic burdens on families recovering from recurrent climate crises.”

Sri Lanka Opinion: ”Sri Lanka’s renewable energy strategy revisited: From exporting electricity to powering an AI-driven economy,” The Island, 22 October 2026
“The fundamental challenge is not simply how much electricity Sri Lanka can generate or export. It is how effectively that electricity can contribute to national economic prosperity. A unit of electricity can be sold across a national border. Alternatively, it can support domestic manufacturing, agricultural processing, refrigeration, scientific research, digital services or thousands of small enterprises. The correct comparison is between the net national economic benefits of these different uses, taking account of production costs, domestic value addition, employment, investment requirements and environmental consequences. Gross export earnings alone cannot answer that question. Affordable energy should become a deliberate instrument of national industrial competitiveness.”

Maldives: President Muizzu's Islamabad visit yields 20 MoUs and trade target of USD 200 million
On 22 October, SunOnline International reported that President Dr Mohamed Muizzu's state visit to Pakistan, the first by a Maldivian leader since 2015 and coinciding with 60 years of diplomatic ties, produced 20 Memoranda of Understanding and an agreement to launch direct flights. In talks with Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the two leaders agreed to raise bilateral trade from USD 13 million to USD 200 million within two years and to strengthen cooperation across healthcare, defence, education, finance, tourism, climate change and other areas. President Muizzu thanked Pakistan for its support for the Five Million Trees programme. President Asif Ali Zardari, hosting President Muizzu and First Lady Sajidha Mohamed, said Pakistanis were delighted by the visit after a long hiatus and expressed confidence that the agreements would take relations to new heights.
("President Zardari: Pakistanis delighted with first state visit by a Maldives leader in a decade," SunOnline International, 22 October 2026; "Maldives and Pakistan agree to strengthen regional and international cooperation," SunOnline International, 21 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Russia to increase defence cooperation engagement with Taliban government
On 22 October, Afghanistan International reported that during the Taliban's Defence Minister, Mullah Yaqoob's visit, back in June, the Taliban and Russia reached an agreement on military-technical cooperation. At a press conference on 21 October, Russia's Foreign Ministry spokeswoman, Maria Zakharova, said Moscow plans to diversify cooperation with the Taliban government in counterterrorism, anti-narcotics efforts, and defence. She stressed that tackling challenges threatening regional security was a shared objective that requires constructive dialogue and cooperation amongst all parties involved. Reportedly, Moscow has taken the initiative to reduce tensions between the Taliban and Pakistan.
("Russia Plans To Expand Defence Cooperation With Taliban," Afghanistan International, 22 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#82, 22 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
IMF and OECD warn AI could widen global economic divide without broader access to infrastructure and skills
On 22 October, Reuters reported that officials from the IMF and OECD warned that AI could drive global economic expansion but threatens to deepen the gap between rich and poor countries unless access to digital infrastructure, energy, and training improves. Speaking at the IMF-World Bank annual meetings, officials noted that while massive investments in AI chips and infrastructure support global market highs, actual workplace adoption lags behind consumer use due to high borrowing costs and infrastructure constraints. The IMF estimates AI could add up to 0.5 per cent to annual global growth over the medium term and impact roughly 40 per cent of jobs worldwide, leaving younger workers particularly vulnerable as automation displaces entry-level roles. The warning coincides with a fresh wave of corporate restructuring, with major firms including Barclays, eBay, and Qualcomm implementing thousands of technology-driven job cuts to reduce operational costs and boost efficiency.
(“IMF, OECD warn AI could widen rich-poor country divide,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

AI AND DEFENCE
The US: Palantir Tech says European allies retain control of NATO AI system amid fears of US tech dependence
On 22 October, Reuters reported that US software firm Palantir Technologies sought to reassure European allies that its Maven Smart System military AI platform has no "kill switch," addressing growing fears of over-reliance on American technology following recent disruptions to Ukraine's Starlink services. European anxieties flared after restrictions on SpaceX's satellite network hampered Ukraine’s drone operations, sparking concerns of political motives and broader European defence vulnerabilities. However, Palantir's Executive Vice President for the UK and Europe, Louis Mosley, stated that clients retain full operational control over the system, which processes complex battlefield data for NATO's military headquarters. Despite these assurances, countries including Germany and France remain hesitant to adopt the system for their own armed forces over data access and sovereign security concerns.
(“Palantir says it cannot shut off NATO AI system as Europeans fear US tech dependence,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

AI INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT
Netherlands: Besi beats third-quarter order forecasts on AI demand, says ASML 
On 22 October, Reuters reported that BE Semiconductor Industries (Besi) beat third-quarter order expectations, driven by robust demand for AI data centre technology, and dismissed reports that ASML poses a threat to its hybrid bonding business. The Netherlands’ chip equipment maker reported EUR 342.6 million (USD 385.2 million) in third-quarter orders up 96 per cent year-on-year, and announced a new EUR 100 million share buyback starting from 27 October. CEO Richard Blickman clarified that ASML is not a rival in hybrid bonding, noting the two firms collaborate on placement precision and that ASML is focused on 3D transistor stacking instead. Despite a softer fourth-quarter revenue outlook as some clients delay deliveries to 2027, analysts expect strong hybrid bonding momentum to offset short-term guidance pressures.
(“Besi says ASML is not hybrid bonding rival as AI demand drives orders,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

South Korea: Tesla and Nvidia to invest USD 2.8 billion in Samsung Electro-Mechanics chip substrate facilities, report says
On 22 October, Reuters reported that South Korea's Samsung Electro-Mechanics will receive a KRW 3.7 trillion (USD 2.8 billion) investment from Tesla and Nvidia to build advanced chip substrate production facilities, as reported by the Maeil Business Newspaper. Under long-term supply contracts, Tesla is slated to invest KRW 1.1 trillion while Nvidia will contribute KRW 2.6 trillion to construct FC-BGA substrate lines in Sejong, South Korea, dedicated to artificial intelligence semiconductors.
(“Samsung Electro-Mechanics gets $2.8 billion chip investment from Tesla, Nvidia, report says,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

South Korea: Samsung and SK Hynix upgrade China plants to produce more advanced NAND chips amid AI demand
On 21 October, Reuters reported that South Korea’s chipmakers Samsung Electronics and SK Hynix are upgrading their China-based manufacturing plants to produce more advanced NAND flash memory chips, aiming to counter market share gains by China’s rival YMTC and meet surging AI demand. Under close consultation with Washington amid strict US export controls on semiconductor equipment, Samsung plans to transition its Xian plant to produce 286-layer NAND chips, while SK Hynix targets 240-plus-layer production at its Dalian facility. The upgrades, which do not expand overall factory capacity, come as YMTC captured 38.5 per cent of China's NAND market in the second quarter, overtaking Samsung as foreign firms navigate complex US licensing requirements.
(“Samsung, SK Hynix upgrading China plants to make more advanced chips, people say,” Reuters, 21 October 2026)

CYBERSECURITY
The War in Ukraine: Russia-linked hackers used decentralised Yggdrasil network to mask cyberattack on Kyiv’s grain firm, ESET says
On 22 October, Reuters reported that Russia-linked cyber espionage groups utilised the experimental, decentralised Yggdrasil mesh network to mask operational communications during an attack on Ukraine’s grain logistics firm, cybersecurity firm ESET. The intrusion, traced back to a July 2025 phishing campaign by access-broker group UAC-0099, was eventually handed off to the Russian military intelligence-linked group Sandworm, which deployed Microsoft's SDelete utility to wipe data from affected systems. The incident marks the first documented instance of a state-backed threat actor leveraging the volunteer-run network to conceal command-and-control servers, posing heightened detection challenges for critical infrastructure in Ukraine's vital agricultural sector.
(“Russia-linked hackers used decentralised network in Ukraine cyberattack, ESET says,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

AI-discovered PHP flaws trigger millions of hacking attempts as firms and governments rush to patch systems
On 22 October, Reuters reported that global firms and governments scrambled to patch two critical, AI-discovered vulnerabilities in the PHP programming language, as cloud network operator Cloudflare reported millions of exploitation attempts following the public disclosure. Emergency precautionary shutdowns disrupted banking, transport, tax, and public services across Japan, Finland, France, and beyond as operators rushed to secure legacy infrastructure. Discovered with the aid of AI, the flaws had lurked undetected in PHP's codebase for years, exposing vast swathes of the internet to potential unauthenticated remote code execution. With security experts warning of an AI-driven "race to exploit", Asia-Pacific and European cyber authorities activated emergency response protocols, cautioning that full system remediation and testing could take days or weeks for complex network environments. 
(“Millions of hacking attempts as companies, governments rush to patch PHP flaws,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
Taiwan: TSMC seeks alternatives to rare earths in factory equipment amid risks from China export controls
On 22 October, Reuters reported that TSMC is exploring alternatives to rare-earth components in its factory equipment to shield its advanced chipmaking facilities from potential supply disruptions caused by China’s export controls. The world's largest contract chipmaker has begun surveying suppliers regarding rare-earth-free motors used in automated machinery and fab robotics, addressing vulnerabilities stemming from Beijing's strict licensing requirements on rare-earth materials and magnets. TSMC's initiative aligns with broader efforts by Washington and Taipei to diversify critical-mineral supply chains, including a plan by Taiwan's Industrial Technology Research Institute to establish a domestic rare-earth pilot production line within three years.
(“TSMC seeks factory-equipment alternatives to thwart China's rare earths grip, sources say,” Reuters, 22 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#453, 19 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Delna Rajesh, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

France: Paris reels from weekend violence; European governments warn citizens over security
On 19 October, Reuters reported that France faced political and security challenges following widespread riots and looting during protests against rising living costs and declining public services. Mayors of Paris, Marseille and Lyon criticised the government for inadequate security preparations, stating that several urban areas had been left unprotected. President Macron rejected Interior Minister Laurent Nunez’s offer to resign, demanding urgent measures to stop violence and investigations into intelligence and security failures. Despite deploying 60,000 police and security personnel, authorities struggled to control violent crowds. Hundreds of businesses were vandalised in Paris, while shops were looted and public buildings damaged elsewhere. Furthermore, student demonstrations and blockades continued, prompting Marseille to prohibit public gatherings. France trade unions announced country wide strikes and demonstrations for 05 November. Several European governments, including Italy, Germany, Poland and Nordic countries, advised their citizens in France to avoid demonstrations and follow local authorities’ instructions. The unrest also unsettled financial markets, with France’s stocks declining and bond yields rising.
("France reels from weekend violence as mayors rebuke government for security failings,” Reuters, 19 October 2026; "European governments warn citizens over security in France after riots," Reuters, 19 October 2026)

Gaza: The UN World Food Program reduces the aid amid funding shortages
On 19 October, Reuters reported that the United Nations World Food Programme (WFP) is set to reduce food assistance to Palestinians in Gaza due to funding shortages. This would cut food rations by half, leaving around 500,000 people without monthly support with the number of beneficiaries falling from by 0.5 million. Cash assistance has been reduced for 75,000 families, and daily hot meals have decreased from 250,000 to 150,000. The WFP stated that around 1.4 million people, representing two-thirds of Gaza’s population, face crisis-level food insecurity or worse, including 200,000 in emergency conditions. The agency urgently requires USD 450 million over six months to sustain operations in Gaza and the West Bank. Acting WFP Executive Director Skau highlighted the continuing hardships, inadequate shelter and lack of basic services ahead of winter. Gaza’s Hamas-run government media office warned that the cuts could worsen hunger and accelerate famine across the territory.
("World Food Programme cuts aid to 500,000 Palestinians in Gaza, cites funding shortages," Reuters, 19 October 2026)

Yemen: Houthi attack kills 18 at military camp in Shabwa; Egypt offers support to Saudi Arabia
On 19 October, Reuters reported that 18 people have been killed in a Houthi missile attack on Yemen’s government military training camp in Shabwa province. The attack involved three ballistic missiles and struck soldiers during training, according to various medical and government sources. The incident occurred amid the ongoing confrontation between the Houthi forces and the Yemen's government. The government had recently launched an operation to recapture the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, a key international shipping route controlled by Houthis. At the same time, Egypt announced it would support Saudi Arabia amid escalating attacks by Houthis. Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi called for an urgent parliamentary session to seek authorisation for possible military assistance if Saudi Arabia requested it. The announcement followed Houthi attacks on Riyadh’s international airport and Saudi Aramco facilities.
(“At least 18 killed in Houthi attack on Yemeni government training camp in Shabwa, sources say,” Reuters, 19 October 2026; “Egypt says ready to back Saudi Arabia in war against Iran-allied Houthis,” Reuters, 18 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Putin floats idea of summit with Trump and Xi to negotiate on Ukraine; Rubio states 60 days required to evaluate impact of Russia sanctions waiver
On 18 October, Reuters reported that US Secretary of State Marco Rubio had informed US President Donald Trump would use up to 60 days to assess the economic impact of sanctions and tariffs on Russia he had waived. Rubio stated that the 60-day timeframe would help Trump understand the potential impact upon the global and US economy if sanctions and tariffs on Russia were to potentially be imposed. The executive order by Trump waiving sanctions and tariffs imposed under the Graham Act was criticized as potentially prolonging the war by President Zelensky. Meanwhile, the Wall Street Journal reported that Russia’s President Vladimir Putin proposed a summit next month with Trump and China’s President Xi Jinping. The Russia reportedly proposed that the trilateral dialogue to negotiate an end to the Ukraine war be held on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Summit in November. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov confirmed that a potential meeting was under discussion, although there was no clear understanding over the meeting yet. 
(“Rubio says Trump to take up to 60 days to weigh Russia sanctions,” Reuters, 18 October 2026, “Putin proposes summit with Trump and Xi to discuss Ukraine deal, WSJ says,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

The US and Ukraine: President Zelensky informs the US providing critical intelligence to Kyiv again, as Rubio states no pause occurred
On 18 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky had stated the US had resumed providing critical intelligence to Ukraine after a hiatus in between. Ukraine uses the US intelligence to detect fast-moving ballistic missiles fired by Russia. Ukraine’s officials had earlier stated the Russia’s missile strikes occurred without warning, despite US President Donald Trump’s statement that the US was still sharing intelligence. Zelensky expressed gratitude for the de-blocking of intelligence, but voiced his displeasure with other US actions that could potentially hurt Ukraine, such as the waiver of sanctions on Russia. Contrastingly, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio strongly denied pausing intelligence sharing. He further urged Zelensky to focus on ending the war.
(“US resumes intelligence- sharing with Ukraine after pause, Zelenskiy says,” Reuters, 18 October 2026, “Rubio denies US paused intelligence sharing with Ukraine,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

North Korea: Pyongyang weighs tactical weapons deployment and border loudspeaker broadcasts amid rising tensions with Seoul
On 19 October, Reuters reported that Kim Yo Jong, sister of leader Kim Jong Un, announced that North Korea is considering deploying additional tactical weapons and resuming propaganda loudspeaker broadcasts along its southern border, as stated by state news agency KCNA. Kim accused South Korea’s forces of threatening North Korean personnel by firing warning shots and conducting broadcast warnings to counter Pyongyang's border fortification work. Tensions along the Demilitarised Zone have escalated since North Korea began installing mines and fences in April 2024, prompting South Korea’s military to raise alerts. Pyongyang characterised its potential military countermeasures as a pre-emptive and suppressive response to the increasingly unstable border situation.
(“North Korea's Kim Yo Jong says loudspeaker broadcasts toward Seoul being considered, KCNA reports,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

Indonesia: El Niño-driven drought cripples Indonesia’s palm oil transport, as Kapuas River hits record lows
On 19 October, Reuters reported that a severe, "super El Niño"-driven drought has dried up Indonesia’s Kapuas River, stranding transport barges and forcing palm oil mills in West Kalimantan to drastically cut fresh fruit purchases as storage tanks fill to capacity. The main transport artery responsible for carrying 40 per cent of the province's palm oil output has receded to record lows for over two months, grounding tugboats and making road transport an inefficient, costly alternative. With nearly half of the province's processing capacity disrupted, local palm oil shipments fell an estimated 11 per cent in September, while GAPKI revised down national production forecasts by 2.9 per cent. Thousands of smallholder farmers face severe financial losses from rotting harvests, forcing many to slash fertilizer use or seek secondary income streams as weather agencies expect no relief until November.
(“El Niño-powered drought leaves Indonesian palm farmers high and dry as river recedes,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#251, 19 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Police probe local links to 21.75-kilogram gold smuggling racket
On 19 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal Police are investigating possible local accomplices in a gold-smuggling case after seizing 21.75 kilograms of gold from a house in Budhanilkantha, Kathmandu. Three Chinese nationals- Zhou Langqin, Han Fei and Wang Jianzheng were arrested on 08 October for allegedly operating a gold-processing facility. Investigators suspect the gold may have entered Nepal through Tribhuvan International Airport before being processed into bars and potentially transported to India. GPS records show that a vehicle linked to the suspects visited the airport parking area at least six times. Police are examining digital devices, CCTV footage and the suspects’ contacts, but have not yet established Nepali involvement. Police data show that 579.218 kilograms of smuggled gold were seized between fiscal years 2016–17 and 2025–26, with 768 people arrested.
(“Police hunt Nepali links to 21.75 kg gold smuggling racket,” The Kathmandu Post, 19 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka and Tashkent discuss free trade agreement to boost bilateral trade
On 18 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh and Uzbekistan discussed the possibility of signing a free trade agreement (FTA) to increase bilateral trade and investment. State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humaiun Kobir met Uzbekistan’s Deputy Foreign Minister, Aloyev Bakhromjon Juraboyevich, in Baghdad on the sidelines of the 52nd Council of Foreign Ministers of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation. The two sides discussed expanding cooperation in trade, investment, air connectivity and tourism. They also explored stronger business-to-business contacts and reciprocal support in multilateral forums. Humaiun Kobir is leading Bangladesh’s delegation to the council meeting, held in Baghdad from 17 to 18 October. He also called for restructuring the Developing Eight (D-8) Organisation for Economic Cooperation and promoting more result-oriented activities to strengthen cooperation among its members.
("Bangladesh, Uzbekistan discuss FTA to boost trade, investment ties," Dhaka Tribune, 18 October 2026)

Myanmar Opinion: Laetitia van den Assum, “An ‘All-for-Arakan’ Approach Is Needed to Address the Rohingya Refugee Crisis,” The Irrawaddy, 19 October 2026
“Today’s Myanmar is in transition. It is a country with multiple centres of authority. In some, local territorial control has been in place for decades; in others, it has been established since the military coup of 2021. These ethnic and regional authorities are not against a federal state as such. They are against the current federal union that is based on a constitution that concentrates significant power at the centre, and particularly with the armed forces. Right now, the key question is whether a new form of federalism can emerge, one that leaves a highly centralised system behind and, instead, focuses on existing”

Sri Lanka: Washington and Colombo discuss strengthening of defence cooperation 
On 19 October, Daily Mirror reported that the US Ambassador to Sri Lanka Eric Meyer met Defence Secretary Air Vice Marshal Sampath Thuyacontha at the Defence Ministry to discuss strengthening bilateral relations and security cooperation. The talks focused on areas of mutual interest and potential avenues for expanding defence engagement between Washington and Colombo. The meeting is reflective of continuing diplomatic and military-level interaction between the two countries and their interest in maintaining an established bilateral partnership. US Embassy Defence Attaché Lieutenant Colonel Matthew House also participated in the meeting.
(“US Ambassador holds talks with Defence Secretary on bilateral cooperation,” Daily Mirror, 19 October 2026)

Sri Lanka Opinion: Kelum Bandara, “Energy security and beyond,” Daily Mirror, 19 October 2026
“Energy security is a fundamental national interest of any country. The current crisis in West Asia has once again triggered a global energy crisis, underscoring the need for countries to plan prudently to mitigate possible future shocks. Sri Lanka had abundant solar, wind, hydropower and biomass resources with considerable potential for large-scale deployment. Renewable energy offered significant opportunities for Sri Lanka to meet its energy requirements. For Sri Lanka, energy security is not merely a policy concern. It is felt in the cost of living, in transport, in the ability of industries and businesses to operate, and in the reliability of essential services. Ultimately, it is about whether we have an energy system capable of supporting economic growth without leaving the country excessively exposed to external shocks."

Sri Lanka Opinion: Kana Kananathan, “Sri Lanka’s Next Economic Crisis Could Come from Climate and Global Food Shortages - Are We Prepared?,” Daily Mirror, 19 October 2026
“Sri Lanka has barely recovered from its worst economic crisis in decades, yet another serious threat is looming. A global food crisis could send prices soaring, drain precious foreign reserves and derail the country’s fragile economic recovery. This time, the next economic crisis may not begin in our banks. It could begin in our paddy fields, food markets and global supply chains. Wars, geopolitical tensions, disrupted grain shipments, fertilizer shortages, rising energy costs and increasingly unpredictable weather are threatening global food supplies. With El Niño-related climatic uncertainty coinciding with the crucial Maha cultivation season, Sri Lanka faces a serious threat to its food security.”

Maldives: President Muizzu to visit Islamabad, first presidential trip in over a decade
On 19 October, The Times of India and The Edition reported that Maldivian President Dr Mohamed Muizzu would make a three-day state visit to Pakistan from 20 to 22 October, at the invitation of Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif, the first such visit by a Maldivian head of state since former President Abdulla Yameen in 2015. Muizzu will hold talks with Sharif and meet President Asif Ali Zardari, with several agreements and MoUs expected across trade, health, education, climate change, tourism, civil aviation, and defence. A Pakistan-Maldives Business Forum with around 300 business representatives will also be held, with President Muizzu and Economic Minister Mohamed Saeed delivering remarks. The Maldives press release stressed his "Maldives First" policy, while the visit is expected to draw attention in India, which recently rolled over a INR 30 billion currency swap at Malé's request.
("Muizzu begins 3-day Pak visit tomorrow, 1st Maldives prez trip in over a decade," The Times of India, 19 October 2026; "Business Forum to be held during President's Pakistan visit," The Edition, 19 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Azizov meets UNICEF’s representative to discuss medicine supplies
On 19 October, Afghanistan International reported that Uzbek officials and UNICEF representatives discussed supplying medicines to Afghanistan amid shortages and rising prices following the closure of trade routes with Pakistan and the ban on Pakistani medicine imports. Abdulla Azizov, head of Uzbekistan’s Agency for Pharmaceutical Industry Development, met Tajudeen Oyewale, UNICEF’s representative in Afghanistan, and Geoffrey Ijumba, UNICEF’s deputy representative in Uzbekistan. Discussions focused on medicine supplies from Uzbek companies, international quality standards, procurement procedures and possible cooperation agreements. UNICEF representatives also visited a pharmaceutical cluster under construction in the Tashkent region and the Pharmaceutical Technical University. No date has been set for the start of medicine shipments. Before trade with Pakistan was halted, more than 70 per cent of Afghanistan’s required medicines were imported from Pakistan. The disruption has caused shortages of essential medicines and increased prices in Afghanistan.
(“Uzbekistan, UNICEF Discuss Medicine Supplies for Afghanistan,” Afghanistan International, 19 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#81, 19 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
The US: Department of Homeland security orders federal agencies to remove China’s DeepSeek AI over national security concerns
On 19 October, Reuters reported that the US Department of Homeland Security issued a directive ordering federal civilian agencies to remove and prohibit the acquisition of China-based AI startup DeepSeek's products and affiliated third-party services from government IT systems. Citing "multiple threat vectors," the agency warned that the technology poses national security risks and could lead to the unauthorised transfer of sensitive US government data to the People's Republic of China.
(“US banning Chinese AI DeepSeek from government agency IT systems,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

SpaceX and Tesla earnings to test Musk’s AI spending ambitions amid merger speculation
On 19 October, Reuters reported that SpaceX and Tesla are set to report third-quarter earnings on consecutive days this week, offering investors a side-by-side view of Elon Musk's flagship companies amid growing speculation of an all-stock merger. The upcoming results will test whether Starlink's revenue momentum and Tesla’s vehicle profits can sustain the heavy AI investments driving the deal narrative, which Barclays noted could be announced before Tesla's 03 December annual meeting with SpaceX as the likely acquirer. While SpaceX reports its second earnings as a public entity with expected revenue of USD 12.74 billion, Tesla anticipates adjusted earnings of roughly 43 cents per share on USD 27.88 billion in revenue. Despite negative free cash flow projections for Tesla and massive AI capital expenditures across both firms, Wall Street remains focused on long-term bets including self-driving robotaxis and humanoid robotics to justify valuations over traditional auto sales.
(“SpaceX, Tesla earnings to test Musk's AI spending ambitions as merger talk grows,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

TECHNOLOGY AND GEOPOLITICS
Lithuania: Vilnius says attempted Starlink arson was Russia-linked sabotage targeting Ukraine support
On 18 October, Reuters reported that SpaceX Starlink base station outside Vilnius was targeted in a Russia-linked act of sabotage designed to disrupt Ukraine’s military operations. The fire was quickly extinguished with minimal damage and no service interruption, according to Vilmantas Vitkauskas, head of the National Crisis Management Centre. Officials linked the event to similar arson incidents targeting Starlink infrastructure in Poland and Bulgaria, characterising them as part of a broader Russian campaign to undermine satellite communication networks critical to Ukraine’s battlefield operations and drone guidance systems. Kremlin officials have dismissed the allegations as baseless.
(“Lithuania says attempted Starlink arson was Russia-linked sabotage,” Reuters, 18 October 2026)

Lithuania: Vilnius to tighten security at critical infrastructure after suspected Russia-linked Starlink sabotage
On 19 October, Reuters reported that Lithuania will increase security at critical infrastructure sites across the country, Prime Minister Mindaugas Sinkevicius announced, following an attempted arson attack on a Starlink base station near Vilnius that officials attributed to Russia-linked sabotage. The decision follows high-level government meetings called in response to the Starlink incident and a suspected drone explosion, reflecting heightened concern among regional NATO members that the war in Ukraine could spill across their borders. Authorities confirmed that additional security forces and resources will be deployed to safeguard key infrastructure objects vital to national security.
(“Lithuania to increase security at critical infrastructure, prime minister says,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
South Korea and Taiwan: Samsung to use TSMC’s 3-nm process for Nvidia’s next-generation HBM chips
On 18 October, Reuters reported that Samsung Electronics will use TSMC’s 3-nanometer process to manufacture base dies for Nvidia’s next-generation custom high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chips, marking the first time Samsung has partnered with the Taiwan-based foundry at the HBM manufacturing stage, according to a report by the Seoul Economic Daily. Nvidia has requested that major memory suppliers including Samsung, SK Hynix, and Micron Technology standardise their custom NVHBM base dies using TSMC’s logic process combined with sixth-generation DRAM core dies. While Samsung agreed to Nvidia's requirements following an internal review, it plans to maintain its in-house manufacturing for standard HBM and custom orders from other clients, while also assessing whether its own foundry could serve as backup capacity if demand exceeds TSMC's output. 
(“Samsung to use TSMC technology for Nvidia's next-generation memory chips, Seoul newspaper reports,” Reuters, 18 October 2026)

The US: Washington’s chip stocks rebound after steep selloff as easing yields and AI demand lift sentiment
On 19 October, Reuters reported that US semiconductor shares bounced back in premarket trading following a severe weekly selloff, bolstered by falling Treasury yields and easing crude oil prices. The iShares Semiconductor ETF gained 3.6 per cent after dropping nearly 12 per cent last week, while Intel led major gainers with a 4.2 per cent rise following a J.P. Morgan upgrade to "neutral" on agentic AI demand. Sector heavyweights including Nvidia, AMD, Broadcom, and Micron also posted gains. The rebound comes after the Philadelphia Semiconductor Index suffered an eight-day decline that wiped out approximately USD 2 trillion in market value amid persistent inflation concerns and doubts surrounding corporate return on AI spending. Despite the recent turbulence, the index remains up 57.2 per cent for the year as investors prepare for major third-quarter earnings reports from tech leaders this week.
(“US chip stocks rise after steepest weekly selloff in months,” Reuters, 19 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#452, 17 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

Yemen: Houthis attack Aden airport; Saudi-led coalition claims to have intercepted missiles and tanker
On 17 October, Reuters reported that Houthis struck Yemen's Aden International Airport with two missiles while an aircraft prepared for take-off, hours after a lethal strike on the presidential palace in the interim capital. At the same time, the Saudi-led coalition claimed it had intercepted a ballistic missile targeting Yanbu, a major Saudi crude oil export port that passes through the Strait of Hormuz, two cruise missiles over the Red Sea, and a number of cross-border drones. The UK Maritime Trade Operations separately said that a tanker had been hit by a rocket-propelled grenade off Jubail, Saudi Arabia. Additionally, Ground fighting has intensified as Houthi troops advance on Taiz and Marib, prompting the UAE to re-enter the conflict by resuming funding for anti-Houthi southern forces alongside Saudi air support. 
(“Missiles hit Aden airport as Saudi-led coalition intercepts missile headed for Yanbu,” Reuters, 17 October 2026; “Tanker struck by unknown projectile off Saudi Arabia on Friday, UKMTO says,” Reuters, 17 October 2026; “Yemen civil war: what sparked latest escalation and who is involved?,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

The US and Russia: Trump waives key Moscow-related sanctions and tariffs ahead of their implementation under new legislation
On 17 October, Reuters reported that President Trump waived key Russia-related sanctions and tariffs shortly before they were due to take effect under legislation signed in September 2026. The executive order said the waiver was in the "national interest" of the United States and would remain in place until Trump or senior officials determined whether further action was necessary. The legislation sought to increase pressure on Russia over its invasion of Ukraine, proposing tariffs of up to 100 per cent on goods from major importers of Russia's oil and gas, along with penalties targeting countries purchasing their energy or helping evade sanctions. The waiver came ahead of US midterm elections, amid concerns that the measures could further increase oil prices. Democratic Representative Don Beyer criticised Trump's decision, saying it “again betrays our Ukrainian partners.” Meanwhile, Russian presidential envoy Kirill Dmitriev welcomed the move, describing it as “a truly historic moment.”
("Trump waives key Russia-related sanctions, tariffs before they take effect under new law, Reuters, 17 October 2026)

France: Protests over cost-of-living escalate into clashes between demonstrators and police across the country
On 17 October, Reuters reported that police and protestors had clashed in protests in France over the cost of living and public services. French authorities reported that 140 protests with 32,800 individuals taking part had occurred outside Paris by midday, blaming the violence on the “ultra-left.” Social media appeals for individuals involved in previous protest movements appeared to have increased participation. According to the French Interior Ministry, violence directed at police, media and public buildings was reported in several cities. The mayor of Marseille said that the town hall was vandalised, and additional police units would be deployed to the city after discussions with the prime minister and the interior minister. Police units were also deployed in large numbers in central Paris, particularly next to landmarks like the Champs-Élysées and the Arc de Triomphe, away from the routes of two authorised demonstrations. The protests initially began over teacher shortages and inadequate facilities at schools. However, they have since evolved into a larger movement targeting the growing cost of living, declining living standards, rising inequality and the public spending crisis. The violent police response to the protests is also being scrutinised, with Interior Minister Laurent Nunez allowing the use of stun grenades after an earlier ban. 
(“Tear gas, clashes hit French cities in cost-of-living protests,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

Albania: Protesters clash with police in Tirana as anti-corruption unrest intensifies, challenging Rama’s government
On 17 October, Reuters reported that violent clashes erupted in central Tirana as thousands of masked youth and student protesters threw Molotov cocktails and rocks at riot police outside the Education Ministry, prompting security forces to respond with tear gas, stun grenades, and water cannons. The protests are the largest political opposition to the incumbent Prime Minister, Edi Rama, since he was first elected in 2013, and the fifth day of a countrywide strike that has called for his resignation in the face of widespread corruption and joblessness. More than 500 people were detained. The anti-government backlash comes months after opposition to a controversial luxury resort project on the southern coast, where investors, including Jared Kushner, had grown. Rama refused to comply with the pressure for resignations, and confirmed his resolve to uphold public order and bring Albania closer to EU membership by 2030.
(Albanian anti-government protesters clash with police in Tirana,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

Tunisia: Citizens stage biggest anti-government protest in years; Demands  President Saied’s resignation over repression and economic hardship
On 17 October, Reuters reported that thousands of demonstrators turned out in Tunisia for the largest anti-government rally against President Kais Saied in years, protesting against rising authoritarianism and severe economic hardship. Protesters from the influential Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT) labour union and other opposition and civil society organisations protested on Habib Bourguiba Avenue for Saied's resignation, an end to political crackdowns and a solution to chronic inflation, joblessness and electricity shortages. The major mobilisation is a common threat to Saied, who has been ruling by decree since 2021 following the dissolution of parliament and the consolidation of the power of the state. The president has denied any accusations of dictatorship and accused opponents of provoking the economic crisis, but as security forces were deployed in the capital, protesters turned to the old slogans of the Arab Spring calling for the downfall of the regime.
(“Tunisians stage biggest protest in years against President Saied,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

Today in History
17 October 1912: Serbia and Greece declare war on the Ottoman Empire
On 17 October 1912, Serbia and Greece declared war on the Ottoman Empire, joining Montenegro and Bulgaria in the First Balkan War, which reportedly aimed to drive Ottoman forces out of southeastern Europe. The conflict followed growing instability in the Balkans after the Young Turk Revolution of 1908, when Austria-Hungary annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Bulgaria declared independence, intensifying regional rivalries. Serbia, seeking to expand its territory and strengthen its influence among the South Slavs, opposed Austria-Hungary’s actions, while Russia supported Serbia and encouraged the Balkan states to form an alliance. In 1912, Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro and Greece united against the Ottoman Empire, which was already engaged in a war with Italy over Libya. Montenegro declared war on 08 October, followed by Serbia and Greece on 17 October and Bulgaria on 18 October. The allied Balkan armies rapidly defeated Ottoman forces and drove them from most of their remaining European territories. In December 1912, the European powers convened a conference in London to negotiate the post-war settlement. The Treaty of London, signed on 30 May 1913, ended the First Balkan War and led to the partition of Ottoman-held territories among the victorious Balkan states, but disputes over Macedonia left Bulgaria dissatisfied. This and many other unresolved disputes are reported to have contributed to the unstable political climate that preceded the outbreak of the First World War in 1914.
(“Serbia and Greece declare war on Ottoman Empire in First Balkan War,” History.com, 05 November 2009)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#249, 17 October 2026
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Beijing’s security concerns delay reopening of Tatopani border crossing
On 17 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that China remained reluctant to reopen the Tatopani border crossing despite Nepal’s diplomatic efforts to restore trade with China. Floods and landslides disrupted the Rasuwagadhi crossing, while high transport costs and winter snowfall limit the Korala route. Beijing has cited security concerns, logistical difficulties and recurring landslides, with concerns over Tibetan refugees and possible anti-China activities also complicating negotiations. Nepal officials said road inspections found no major obstacles on the Nepali side. China has indicated that Tatopani could reopen temporarily for major festivals, but long-term operations require further assessment. The crossing is vital for trade because transporting a container to Kathmandu costs around NPR 50,000 through Tatopani, compared with up to NPR 500,000 through Korala. Traders warn that continued closure could delay supplies and increase costs.
(“Beijing’s security concerns cloud Nepal’s push to reopen Tatopani,” The Kathmandu Post, 17 October 2026)

Bhutan: Jomolhari Mountain Festival launches sustainability plan with BTN one million seed fund
On 16 October, Daily Bhutan reported that the 12th Jomolhari Mountain Festival, held at Dangochong in Thimphu's Soe Gewog on 14 and 15 October, launched a sustainability plan backed by BTN one million in seed funding from the Bhutan Foundation. The plan, developed by the Thimphu Dzongkhag Administration, the Department of Tourism, Jigme Dorji National Park and other partners, aims to reduce reliance on annual fundraising while increasing local ownership and creating long-term economic opportunities for highland residents. The festival brought together communities from Soe, Lingzhi, Yaksa, and Nubri, drawing more than 230 international visitors and 250 Bhutanese participants on the opening day. Snow Leopard Conservancy representatives also joined, with the festival remaining central to snow leopard conservation, supported by a 2022 to 2023 survey estimating 134 snow leopards in Bhutan.
("Jomolhari Mountain Festival Launches Sustainability Plan With Nu 1 Million Seed Fund," Daily Bhutan, 16 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka and Baku discuss air connectivity and energy cooperation
On 16 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh and Azerbaijan discussed expanding bilateral cooperation in air connectivity, skilled migration and energy supply. State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humaiun Kobir met Azerbaijani Foreign Minister Jeyhun Bayramov in Baku to discuss areas of cooperation. Bangladesh’s Ambassador to Türkiye, M Amanul Haq, who is also accredited to Azerbaijan, accompanied the state minister. Jeyhun Bayramov described Bangladesh as an important partner and expressed optimism about advancing bilateral relations in the coming days. He also thanked Humaiun Kobir for attending the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) Summit. Humaiun Kobir expressed gratitude for Azerbaijan’s assistance in evacuating Bangladeshi nationals stranded in Iran amid the ongoing conflict.
("Bangladesh, Azerbaijan discuss air connectivity, energy cooperation," Dhaka Tribune, 16 October 2026)

Myanmar: Kyaw Moe Tun backs call for ICC referral over junta abuses
On 17 October, Mizzima reported that Myanmar’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun, supported the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights’ call for the Security Council to refer Myanmar to the International Criminal Court (ICC). Speaking during a UN General Assembly dialogue on 14 October, Kyaw Moe Tun accused the military of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity. He cited more than 8,500 deaths and over 15,000 arbitrary detentions, while highlighting escalating airstrikes and the continuing displacement crisis. He also raised concerns over more than one million Rohingya refugees unable to return safely. Kyaw Moe Tun criticised efforts to normalise relations with the junta and said diplomatic negotiations alone were insufficient. He urged UN member states to take concrete action and ensure accountability under international law.
(“Kyaw Moe Tun backs UN Human Rights Chief’s call for UNSC to refer Myanmar to ICC,” Mizzima, 17 October 2026)

Myanmar Editorial: “Washington’s Myanmar gamble over rare earths and scam threats risks legitimising the junta,” Mizzima, 17 October 2026
“The Trump administration’s renewed secret talks with Myanmar’s military-backed rulers raise an uncomfortable question: is Washington pursuing a pragmatic foreign policy, or helping rehabilitate a regime whose legitimacy remains deeply contested? … If the principal gains instead accrue to the military leadership and its commercial partners, Washington may find it has secured a transaction while undermining the very principles it once claimed to defend. Chances are the Trump administration will not get far in Myanmar in obtaining rare earths or cracking down on scammers defrauding US citizens.”

Sri Lanka: Six-member crew joins air forces from six other countries to strengthen operational cooperation
On 17 October, The Island reported that the Sri Lanka Air Force participated in Exercise Tarang Shakti 2026 at Air Force Station Jodhpur, India, from 26 September to 12 October. The Sri Lankan contingent deployed a Beechcraft King Air 360ER aircraft with a six-member crew. Hosted by the Indian Air Force under the theme “Power in Partnership”, the exercise brought together air forces from Australia, Bangladesh, France, Germany, Sri Lanka, the United Arab Emirates and the United States. The exercise aimed to enhance operational cooperation and interoperability among participating air forces and facilitate the exchange of tactics and operational experience. According to India's public broadcaster, the exercise included training in planning and conducting multinational combat operations, covering counter-air operations, air defence, reconnaissance and air-to-air refuelling. Representatives from 32 countries attended as observers.
("Lanka Air Force joins multinational exercise in India," The Island, 17 October 2026)

Maldives: Malé council to take government to court over 14 land plots
On 17 October, The Edition reported that Malé City Council unanimously decided to take the government to court after the Housing Ministry informed it of plans to take over 14 plots of land under the council's jurisdiction. At an emergency meeting, the council passed a resolution to seek an interim court order and take the matter to the Supreme Court on constitutional grounds. Mayor Adam Azim said the land generates income already factored into the council's budget, which also helps fund mosque maintenance and administrative operations, and that the takeover comes as the council prepares projects including parking buildings, parks and open spaces. Mayor Azim said the move could make it harder for the council to provide services.
("Male' Council City to take government to court over 14 plots," The Edition, 17 October 2026) 

Afghanistan: Declining international support threatens migrant services, says Iran's Interior Ministry
On 16 October, Afghanistan International reported that Iran had granted temporary residence to 10,000 former Afghan security personnel, according to Nader Yar Ahmadi, head of foreign nationals and migrant affairs at Iran’s Interior Ministry. During a meeting in Geneva with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, Barham Salih, Yar Ahmadi said Iran hosts 7,70,000 refugees and has issued residency documents to 1,10,000 female heads of households. He warned that declining international support threatened migrant services and called for sustainable financial assistance and equitable responsibility-sharing. Salih reportedly stressed that disengagement from Afghanistan’s Taliban authorities would not resolve existing problems. Iran deported 4,92,300 Afghan asylum seekers by September 2026, while over 89,000 others voluntarily returned. Investigations have also reported killings of former Afghan government security personnel following deportation from Iran.
("Nearly 10,000 Former Afghan Security Personnel Granted Residency, Says Iran," Afghanistan International, 16 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#80, 17 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The US: AI task force sets protocols and launches specialised committees to assess frontier AI risks
On 17 October, Reuters reported that the US government's newly created AI task force, dubbed the "Super Intelligence Task Force" by President Trump, established its operating protocols, launch timelines, and specialised working committees during its inaugural meeting in Washington. Chaired by Director of National Intelligence Jay Clayton, Office of Personnel Management Director Scott Kupor, FTC Chairman Andrew Ferguson, and Defence Department Technology Chief Emil Michael, the group was officially set up for 120 days. A foundational risk study was put in charge of by tech investor David Sacks, and three subcommittees were established to cover reporting and response, critical infrastructure, and law enforcement oversight. Frontier AI labs will be obligated to implement early-warning systems under the framework, which will alert the federal government in cases of security threats, jailbreaks, or safety issues. Compliance with White House AI agreements will be handled by the FTC and Justice Department, and workforce impact assessments will be sent to the Department of Labor, Clayton said.
(“US's AI task force sets path for study and reviews, leader tells CNBC,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

Anthropic pitches draft AI safety bill limiting government intervention to imminent threats and major harm
On 17 October, Reuters reported that Anthropic quietly pitched a draft bill to Capitol Hill lawmakers aimed at regulating frontier AI safety and security, as reported by Politico. The draft law would permit the government to intervene against a model only if it represented an imminent and foreseeable threat of the use of biological weapons or autonomous control evasion, or massive attacks on the internet that could result in damages of more than USD 1 billion or significant casualties. Independent evaluators registered with the Department of Commerce would test models, reporting serious threats to the department within 72 hours within the framework. The department may petition the federal courts in Washington to stop the dangerous deployments but the proposal makes it clear that other government agencies are barred from ending development in isolation. The draft incorporates elements from the Advanced AI Framework that the company released this year to outline safety standards and independent assessments, an Anthropic spokesperson confirmed.
(“Anthropic quietly pitches its own AI safety bill to lawmakers, Politico reports,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

AI INFRASTRUCTURE AND INVESTMENT
Canada: Anthropic signs first Canada-based data centre lease as EverWind plans CAD 10 billion investment in Nova Scotia
On 17 October, Reuters reported that Anthropic has signed a lease agreement with developer EverWind for capacity at a new data centre campus in Point Tupper, Nova Scotia, marking the Claude chatbot maker’s first data centre deal in Canada. In tandem, EverWind announced plans to invest more than CAD 10 billion in the site and associated wind power generation, describing it as Nova Scotia's largest private investment to date. To address concerns over resource consumption, Anthropic’s Head of Canadian Public Policy, Jacob Glick, pledged to safeguard local water supplies and utility ratepayers. The expansion follows Anthropic's computing and infrastructure expenditures tripling to USD 7.33 billion last year. The lease agreement comes as the company prepares for an initial public offering in the US that could value it at over USD 2 trillion, though some officials have called for delays citing governance concerns.
(“Anthropic signs lease for first Canadian data center,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

TECHNOLOGY AND GEOPOLITICS
The War in Ukraine: Starlink disruptions slow communications for Ukraine’s frontline forces after US restricts military satellite capabilities
On 17 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine’s frontline forces are experiencing immediate disruptions and slower internet speeds following a US decision to restrict SpaceX's Starshield satellite capabilities used by the military. Soldiers in an eastern artillery unit reported degraded communications with command, creating heightened risks during drone and missile operations. Reports indicate the restrictions originated from the White House, coming amid pressure from President Donald Trump for Kyiv to stop targeting Russia’s oil refineries. Trump has linked the strikes to elevated global fuel costs impacting upcoming US midterm elections, though analysts attribute the market pressure primarily to the ongoing US war with Iran. While President Volodymyr Zelenskiy noted services have partially recovered, European and Ukrainian officials warned that reliance on Starlink remains critical as Europe currently lacks an equivalent alternative. 
(“Starlink disruptions are being felt on the front lines of Ukraine,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

AI AND DEFENCE
North Korea: State tests AI-equipped underwater torpedo system to improve precision guidance and naval strike capabilities
On 17 October, Reuters reported that North Korea tested a new AI-equipped underwater torpedo system to verify key technological upgrades, as reported by state news agency KCNA . The test validated propulsion efficiency and precision guidance developed over five years and 180 trials, incorporating AI for target detection. The launch marks the latest in a series of regional weapons displays, following Pyongyang's test of submarine-launched strategic cruise missiles and an intermediate-range hypersonic missile test overseen by leader Kim Jong Un. North Korea’s state media framed the routine defence research as a success and a significant advancement for the country’s naval strike capabilities and strategic war deterrent.
(“North Korea tests new AI-equipped torpedo, KCNA says,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
Major MDBs  launch framework to help mineral-rich developing economies expand into processing and manufacturing
On 17 October, Reuters reported that major multilateral development banks (MDBs) published a collaboration framework to help mineral-rich developing economies expand beyond extraction into downstream processing, refining, and manufacturing. The World Bank, Asian Development Bank, African Development Bank, EBRD, EIB, and Inter-American Development Bank will coordinate the support provided by participating institutions across the critical mineral supply chains through customised financing, infrastructure support, and policy guidance. The purpose of the project is to create mineral corridors for power, transport, and digital infrastructure, as well as mobilise private sector funds through co-financing, guarantees, and preparation of projects. MDBs will also harmonise environmental and social criteria to ensure job creation, economic value addition and the transition to a low-carbon economy on a global scale. An MDB working group will lead the implementation and report to the Heads of MDBs Group once annually.
(“Major development banks step up support for critical minerals value chains,” Reuters, 17 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#451, 16 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund and Yesasvi Koganti

Yemen: Houthis attack Aden presidential palace; The group claims to have targeted Saudi military operations headquarters in Aden
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the Houthis launched a missile attack on the Al-Maashiq presidential palace complex in Aden. Information Minister Moammar al-Eryani informed that the Prime Minister and cabinet ministers were safe. Health Minister Qasim Buhaibeh said the attack on the government headquarters killed five people and wounded 16. Houthi military spokesperson Yahya Saree said the group had targeted the Saudi military operations headquarters in Aden as part of efforts to strike Saudi reinforcements. Meanwhile, the Saudi-led military coalition accused the Houthis of attempting attacks on Saudi airports, ports and oil installations. Coalition spokesperson Turki al-Maliki said the Houthis had carried out 20 attacks on Riyadh’s King Khalid International Airport that month, killing 17 people and injuring 333. He also reported Houthi attacks on Abha airport near the Yemeni border, which killed three people and wounded 28. Maliki said the Houthis possessed advanced military capabilities, including ballistic missiles, drones and explosive-laden speedboats, with support from regional actors.
(“Yemen’s Houthis hit palace in Aden, coalition details attacks on Saudi infrastructure,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Zelensky criticises Trump’s Russian diesel deal; Urges Europe to fill defence funding gap
On 16 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine’s President Zelensky criticised President Trump’s Russian diesel agreement and dismissed Moscow’s peace rhetoric as a "parody" while addressing EU leaders in Brussels. Zelensky stressed that revenue from the deal would directly fund Russia's military campaign, though acknowledging it could not offset broader market pressures driven by the US-Iran war. He urged European partners to help fill a projected EUR 70 billion gap in Ukraine's defence and resilience budget for next year, while highlighting ongoing disruptions to SpaceX's Starshield communication network that compromise military operations and civilian safety. Meanwhile, the UN migration agency warned in Geneva that Russia’s strikes on energy infrastructure, combined with sub-zero winter conditions, threaten to drive millions more internally displaced Ukrainians from their homes.
(“Russian strikes and winter hardship may drive more Ukrainians from homes, UN agency warns,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

The US-Iran War: Tehran exports LPG and jet fuel despite US naval blockade, shipping data shows
On 16 October, a Reuters exclusive reported that Iran has managed to export limited quantities of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and jet fuel since July despite a US naval blockade, according to shipping data and maritime security sources. Analysts at United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI) and SynMax reported that at least eight tankers carrying an estimated 4.1 million barrels of Iran’s LPG, along with a tanker transporting jet fuel to Myanmar, bypassed the blockade, largely by disguising shipments through ship-to-ship transfers off the coast of Oman. While US Central Command maintained its blockade is "ironclad" and noted it turned around 135 ships over the past three months, Iran’s crude exports fell to zero in September for the first time on record. US officials highlighted that some vessel passages are permitted for humanitarian reasons or operational monitoring.
(“Iran ships some LPG, jet fuel despite US blockade, data shows,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

Ebola outbreak: The outbreak spreads to new province bordering the Central African Republic
On 16 October, Reuters reported that the ongoing Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo has spread to North Ubangi, a province bordering the Central African Republic, health officials said, complicating containment efforts in what has become the second-largest Ebola outbreak on record. Caused by the Bundibugyo strain and active since mid-May, the outbreak has surpassed 9,000 confirmed cases and 4,000 deaths across eight provinces, with Ituri remaining the epicentre. The latest spread follows suspected fatal cases in a mining area in the Wapinda health zone. Cross-border transmission has already reached neighbouring countries, including Uganda, which contained its cases in August, and Kenya, which reported its second confirmed case earlier this week.
(“Congo Ebola outbreak spreads to new province bordering Central African Republic,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

China and the Philippines: Manila rebukes Beijing's ambassador over threat of force
On 16 October, Reuters reported that the Philippines reproached China’s ambassador over his remarks on a potential military confrontation between the two countries. The ambassador, Jing Quan, said China “may easily win” but refrained from using force, saying, “we love peace.” This followed remarks by the Philippines' defence secretary, who referred to China as a regional “troublemaker.” The Philippines' foreign ministry called the remarks a “thinly veiled threat of force.” It stated that Jing’s comments were a “poor choice of words” and unhelpful, given the context of ties between the Philippines and China. Philippine’s President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. said the ambassador’s remarks sounded like a threat that deserved a discussion. In response, China’s foreign ministry said that Beijing had a clear position on improving ties with Manila. It also expressed hope that the Philippines would understand the China’s position completely and correctly.
(“Philippines hits back at Chinese envoy over ‘thinly veiled threat’ of force,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

Today in History 
16 October 1934: Mao Zedong and Communist troops set out on the 6,000-mile Long March across China
On 16 October 1934, China's Communists began the Long March to escape the Nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-shek, who sought to destroy their revolutionary base, the Jiangxi Soviet, on the Jiangxi-Fujian border in southeastern China. Around 86,000 troops, including administrative personnel and approximately 30 women, broke through Nationalist lines and moved westward. The Communists suffered heavy losses from aerial bombardment, ground attacks, disease, starvation and exhaustion. In January 1935, the Zunyi Conference in Guizhou marked a turning point, enabling Mao Zedong to establish his dominance within the Chinese Communist Party. Later, disagreements between Mao and Zhang Guotao over the march's direction led their forces to split. In October 1935, Mao’s main force reached northern Shaanxi with approximately 8,000 survivors, joining a local Red Army contingent. In December 1936, the Communists moved to Yan’an, which became their base during the Sino-Japanese War. The Long March secured their survival, strengthened Mao’s leadership and helped the Communists eventually defeat the Nationalists in 1949.
("Long March," Britannica, 08 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#248, 16 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Flash floods destroy villages in central Gorkha district

On 16 October, The Guardian reported that flash floods swept through Nepal's Gorkha district after a pre-dawn landslide on 11 October blocked the Budhi Gandaki River, destroying two villages in Chumanubri rural municipality and damaging part of a hydropower station. River levels surged from two metres to nearly 8.5 metres within hours, with 204 homes damaged and more than 650 people affected, while over 100 foreign trekkers were stranded. The floods come two months after catastrophic flooding near the Tibet border left thousands dead or missing.

("Flash floods destroy villages in central Nepal," The Guardian, 16 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Finance Minister says international development partners closely backs government programmes

On 16 October, The Daily Star reported that Finance Minister Amir Khosru Mahmud Chowdhury said multilateral development partners, including the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the Asian Development Bank (ADB), were working closely with the government and had pledged support for its programmes. Speaking on the sidelines of the IMF and World Bank Annual Meetings in Bangkok, he said Bangladesh and the IMF had agreed on the principles of a new loan programme. Teams from both sides will meet within the next two to three weeks to resolve outstanding issues before deciding how to conclude the discussions formally. The government is negotiating a new IMF loan programme worth up to USD five billion after deciding to exit its previous programme early. Bangladesh also seeks a partnership framework agreement with the World Bank under its five-year development framework.

("All development partners back Bangladesh: Finance minister," Daily Star, 16 October 2026)

Myanmar: Naypyidaw turns to Belarusian credit as fiscal pressures intensify

On 16 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Myanmar's military regime has turned to Belarus for high interest loans as worsening fiscal pressures and international sanctions restrict its financing options. The parliament has approved loans from Belarus' state controlled Development Bank and Belinvestbank, carrying interest rates between 2.25 and 9.33 per cent and maturities of one to five years. The undisclosed financing will fund imports of Belarusian machinery, raw materials, consumer goods, technology and services. Loans may be denominated in several currencies, with authorities planning payment channels designed to avoid sanctions related restrictions. Three Myanmar state owned banks have already established arrangements with Belarusian counterparts. The borrowing highlights the regime's growing dependence on external partners despite Min Aung Hlaing's previous emphasis on domestic financing. With Western aid curtailed since the 2021 coup, Belarus and Russia have increasingly become important political, economic and potential financial partners for the regime.

("Myanmar Regime Turns to Belarus for High Interest Loans as Fiscal Crisis Deepens," The Irrawaddy, 16 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: IMF signals continued support for Sri Lanka after current programme ceases

On 16 October, The Island reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has reaffirmed its readiness to support Sri Lanka after its current programme ends in March 2027, signalling continued international backing as the country consolidates its economic recovery. IMF Deputy Director for Asia and the Pacific Sonali Jain Chandra said future assistance could take several forms, including a new financing programme, policy advice, economic surveillance or capacity development, depending on the Sri Lankan government's preferences. However, she stressed that important commitments under the existing programme remain unfinished. The staff level agreement on the Seventh Review, reached in early October, still requires IMF Executive Board approval, while another review mission is expected before the conclusion of the programme. Jain Chandra has highlighted substantial improvements since the economic crisis, including a doubling of government revenue, largely completed debt restructuring and 11 consecutive quarters of positive economic growth. She also emphasised continued governance reforms and macroeconomic discipline as essential for sustaining recovery and strengthening investor confidence.

("IMF affirms its commitment to assisting Sri Lanka beyond current programme," The Island, 16 October 2026)

Afghanistan: China's foreign minister urges Taliban to eliminate terrorist groups on Afghan soil

On 16 October, Afghanistan International reported that China's Foreign Minister, Wang Yi, urged the Taliban to take concrete and effective measures to eradicate terrorist groups operating on Afghan soil at the seventh summit of the Conference on Interaction and Confidence Building Measures in Asia (CICA) in Baku, Azerbaijan. He stated that the elimination of terrorist groups was essential for establishing lasting peace and stability in the region and called for strong regional coordination, continued humanitarian assistance and support for Afghanistan's economic development. China continues to maintain diplomatic and economic relations with the Taliban while expressing its concerns over extremist activities and cross-border security threats from Afghanistan.

("China Urges Taliban To Take Concrete Action Against Terror Groups In Afghanistan," Afghanistan International, 16 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#79, 16 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
China: Beijing proposes export controls on AI technologies amid US rivalry
On 16 October, Reuters reported that China’s commerce ministry proposed export controls on 23 AI technologies, targeting advanced models, autonomous agents, and computing clusters to protect national security amid technological rivalry with Washington. The proposed regulations prohibit the export of proprietary AI tools, but make clear that access via APIs, websites and cloud platforms is allowed. Keep open the market for international access for domestic companies like DeepSeek and Alibaba. Beijing emphasised that the measure aims to prevent the misuse of AI systems capable of generating autonomous malware or threatening critical infrastructure, while keeping open-source and public domain technologies unrestricted. The policy forms part of a broader revision of China's technology export catalogue spanning 40 categories across AI, biotech, and solar power, with public consultation opening from 15 November.
(“Beijing seeks tighter grip on AI exports amid US rivalry,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

The US: Washington pushes global partners to adopt ‘Super Intelligence’ term for AI
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the US is pressing international partners to rebrand artificial intelligence as "super intelligence" (SI), arguing the term better reflects the capabilities driving global economic growth, as stated by US Treasury Undersecretary Erin Browne. The initiative follows a directive from President Donald Trump requiring US government agencies to adopt the terminology, with Washington now pushing to incorporate "SI" into a joint statement being drafted by the International Monetary Fund’s steering committee. The proposal has raised concerns among some IMF member countries, prompting discussions of alternative phrasing, such as "new technology," if consensus fails before the committee's final statement. US officials maintain that adopting the moniker internationally aligns with Washington's role in setting standards and leading global development in the sector.
(“US Treasury pushes global partners to rename AI as 'super intelligence',” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

Germany: Berlin plans major AI cooperation deal with Nvidia to boost industrial adoption
On 15 October, Reuters reported that Germany is preparing to sign a major cooperation agreement with US chip maker Nvidia to accelerate the adoption of AI in German industry. The deal, which involves investments in the hundreds of millions of euros, is set to be announced at the Invest in Germany conference in Berlin, with Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang in attendance. The initiative aims to advance "physical AI" applications such as autonomous vehicles and industrial robotics and support high-performance industrial AI models. Built around the Sovereign Open-Source Foundation Models (SOOFI) project launched in Germany last year, the partnership will bring together research centres, universities, and tech firms as Berlin seeks to strengthen Europe's digital sovereignty.
(“Germany plans AI cooperation deal with Nvidia, Handelsblatt says,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

AI GOVERNANCE
The G7: Finance leaders of major economies agree to exercises to test defences against AI cyberattacks
On 16 October, Reuters reported that the finance leaders of the G7’s major economies have agreed to conduct tabletop exercises to strengthen defences against AI-enabled cyberattacks on financial infrastructure, as announced by Japan’s Finance Minister Satsuki Katayama. Approved at the ministerial level during the IMF annual meetings, the simulations aim to test how G7 finance ministries and central banks respond to threats on frontier AI systems, with potential participation from private financial institutions. The initiative follows warnings from the IMF and central banks, including the Bank of England that AI-driven cyber incidents pose severe risks to critical financial services and global stability. Japan’s officials stated the exercise results will be used to evaluate existing response protocols and update operational manuals to better withstand evolving threat vectors.
(“G7 to launch exercises to guard against AI cyber attacks,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

IMF chief warns AI risks could outweigh benefits without safeguards
On 16 October, Reuters reported that IMF Managing Director Kristalina warned that the risks of AI could outweigh its benefits unless robust safeguards and an ethical framework are established. Georgieva advocated for a mix of industry self-regulation and governance involving key global players like the US, China, and India, emphasising that widespread adoption requires expanded digital infrastructure and electricity access. Panellists, including Anthropic co-founder Jack Clark, supported establishing common-sense standards, while economists highlighted dual economic risks: labour market disruptions if AI succeeds, or a costly financial correction in data-centre investments if productivity gains stall. Meanwhile, US officials pushed to rebrand AI as "super intelligence" (SI) in official multilateral statements, a push met with pushback skepticism from European central bankers, including German Finance Minister Lars Klingbeil and Bank of England Governor Andrew Bailey.
(“IMF chief says AI risks may exceed opportunities without safeguards and ethical framework,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

TECHNOLOGY AND GEOPOLITICS
The US and Ukraine: White House ordered limits on Starshield service for Kyiv, reports Reuters
On 16 October, Reuters reported that orders to restrict SpaceX’s military-grade Starshield satellite service for Ukraine’s forces originated from within the White House, according to US and Western officials. Ukraine’s military officials confirmed that terminal restrictions were capped at speeds under 100 miles per hour, severely hindering strike missions and interceptor drone operations against Russia’s forces. The decision follows growing friction after US pressure on Ukraine to halt attacks on Russia’s refineries, which President Trump linked to rising global energy costs, a spike analysts primarily attribute to the US-Iran war. While a senior US official denied that President Trump personally issued the directive, SpaceX CEO Elon Musk stated on X that limits on Starshield, an active Department of Defence system, are strictly determined by the military or the White House.
(“Order to limit Starshield for Ukraine came from inside White House, sources say,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

HYPERSONIC WEAPONS AND MISSILES
North Korea and South Korea: Pyongyang questions Seoul’s hypersonic glide vehicle test
On 16 October, Reuters reported that North Korea’s missile chief, Jang Chang Ha, has questioned the authenticity of South Korea’s recent hypersonic glide vehicle (HGV) test, stating the weapon showed no signs of high-temperature flight in released photos. Jang pointed out that the vehicle’s paint remained clean and unblemished by soot, casting doubt on whether it reached hypersonic speeds during its test flight. In response, South Korea’s Defence Ministry rejected the claims, clarifying that the missile was engineered with specialised heat-resistant materials designed to prevent thermal discoloration. The exchange comes after South Korea’s President Lee Jae Myung personally oversaw the country's first HGV test-firing last month amid an accelerating arms race on the Korean Peninsula. South Korea’s defence officials affirmed plans to further advance the technology as they work toward weaponising the manoeuvring asset to bypass regional missile defences.
(“North Korea missile chief questions South Korea hypersonic glide vehicle test,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
World Bank targets fivefold increase in critical minerals financing by 2030
On 16 October, Reuters reported that the World Bank Group has set a target to quintuple its critical minerals financing over the next five years, targeting USD 19 billion for fiscal 2026–2030 compared to USD 3.6 billion in the preceding five-year period, President Ajay Banga announced. Speaking at the IMF-World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok, Banga revealed that the lender has identified 20 partner countries for critical minerals projects and launched initial country compacts with multilateral development banks to foster local processing and job creation. The expansion aligns with calls from the US, the bank’s largest shareholder, for greater investment in mining, processing, and enabling infrastructure. While US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent encouraged funding for deep-sea mining, the World Bank’s implementation plan takes a precautionary approach toward the emerging sector, requiring all potential engagements to strictly adhere to established environmental and operational policies.
(“World Bank's Banga sets goal of quintupling critical minerals financing in five years,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

Africa Finance Corporation eyes iron ore and uranium investments across the continent
On 16 October, Reuters reported that the Africa Finance Corporation (AFC) plans to expand its critical minerals portfolio by investing in iron ore and uranium projects across the continent, according to Franklin Edochie, the agency's head of mining and metals. Speaking at a Cape Town mining conference, Edochie noted that project deals could be announced within the next six to 12 months, highlighting that combined output from West African producers like Guinea, Liberia, Mauritania, and Sierra Leone could place the region among the top three globally for iron ore production within the decade. The Lagos-based institution which is already leading development on the US-backed Lobito rail corridor linking Central Africa’s copper and cobalt mines to the Atlantic, is widening its footprint as Western countries race to secure critical mineral supply chains outside of China.
(“AFC eyes iron ore and uranium investments in Africa,” Reuters, 16 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#450, 15 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Samraksha Mukund

Saudi Arabia and Yemen: Houthis attack Saudi airports and oil facilities; The EU-Gulf summit postponed amid escalating conflict
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the European Union and Gulf states postponed a joint summit scheduled for October 24 in Riyadh. Sustained attacks by the Iran-aligned Houthis fueled concerns about air travel to and from the kingdom. The Gulf Cooperation Council cited continued Houthi threats against Saudi Arabia and an extended suspension of operations at King Khalid International Airport. The EU did not specify a reason for the delay, saying only that a new date would be announced: "in due course." The escalation follows Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia, including a strike on Saudi Aramco's headquarters in Dhahran that sources said caused extensive damage. The Houthis vowed to continue attacks on airports and oil facilities, describing them as retaliation for Saudi strikes on Yemen. The Saudi-led coalition said it had intercepted a ballistic missile fired towards Riyadh on 14 October. 
("Yemen's Houthis vow more attacks on Saudi airports, oil facilities after Aramco HQ hit,” Reuters, 15 October 2026; "EU and Gulf states postpone summit due in Saudi Arabia," Reuters, 15 October 2026)

The EU: Summit opens in Brussels amid clashes energy prices, budget spending and trade with China trade 
On 15 October, Reuters reported that European Union leaders opened a summit in Brussels amid disagreements over high energy prices, the bloc’s long-term budget, competitiveness and trade tensions with Chin a. Rising fuel costs following the Iran war have strained governments, burdened businesses and fuelled voter anger. German Chancellor Friedrich Merz acknowledged “very, very difficult negotiations” over the EU budget, which pits net contributors against beneficiaries. France warned that “cuts alone cannot resolve the equation,” arguing that investment is necessary to strengthen European competitiveness. Leaders also discussed Chinese imports and measures to counter unfair trade practices, following an agreement to limit Chinese hybrid-car imports. Germany’s tougher  stance marks a shift from its earlier opposition to tariffs on Chinese electric vehicles. Meanwhile, Merz rejected proposals to transfer frozen Russian assets to a US-supervised mechanism, insisting they “should remain frozen in Europe.” Leaders also debated energy-market regulations and Ukraine’s 2027 funding needs, with Latvia’s prime minister calling the support “one beer less for one European a year.”
("EU leaders kick off summit with wrangles over high energy prices and spending," Reuters, 15 October 2026)

The US-Iran War: Two ships sunk near Hormuz after projectile attacks
On 14 October, Reuters reported that a container ship and a dry bulk carrier had sunk near the Strait of Hormuz after suffering projectile attacks, in two separate incidents. Maritime security sources informed that the Singapore-flagged GFS Pride, a small container vessel with a capacity of 2,824 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs), sank while crossing the Strait. The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) issued a statement that GFS Pride sank after sustaining damage and a fire on board. It further added that all 21 crew members were safely evacuated with no reported injuries. MPA also stated that it was deeply concerned by the continuing attacks on commercial shipping in the Strait of Hormuz. It described the attacks as “unprovoked, unjustifiable, and a breach of international law.” Separately, data from the UN shipping agency, the International Maritime Organisation (IMO), showed that the Antigua and Barbuda- flagged Cape Dao had sunk close to the Strait. This came weeks after it was struck by a projectile on 23 September. Maritime sources informed that one crew member was killed while the rest of the crew were evacuated. An analysis of IMO casualty data shows that GFS Pride and Cape Dao are the second and third vessels to have sunk since the beginning of the US-Iran war. The sinkings come amidst an increased threat to commercial shipping in the strait since the commencement of the war, with Iran seeking to maintain control of the waterway. Two senior Iranian officials informed Reuters that Tehran was deploying new tactics against vessels transiting the strait, in an attempt to keep oil prices high and influence the upcoming US midterm elections.
(“Two ships sink near Hormuz after being hit by projectiles amid surge in attacks,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Moscow reports that global diesel exports have restarted; Kyiv targets Russian refinery as Zelenskyy expresses frustration
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the Russian government had informed that Russian diesel exports to the global market had started again. The Kremlin spokesperson, Dmitry Peskov, said that the diesel was expected to positively stabilise oil markets, even if not fully. LSEG shipping data showed that Russia had resumed diesel export loadings from the Baltic port of Primorsk, with a tanker heading towards Morocco. Meanwhile, Ukraine launched a drone attack on an oil refinery in the Ryazan region in Russia. In an interview with the Financial Times, Ukrainian president Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that Ukraine would resume its attacks on refineries after a brief energy truce. The president also stated Ukraine’s strikes would stop only if Ukraine was provided more US-made Patriot interceptors. Separately, defence experts and a Reuters analysis of satellite imagery showed Russia had nearly finished building a major new base for launching jet-powered drones in six weeks.
( “Kremlin says Russia restarts diesel exports after deal with Trump,” Reuters, 15 October 2026; “Ukraine hits Russian refinery as Zelenskiy says ‘we’re done’ with Trump’s energy truce,” Reuters, 15 October 2026; “Russia builds major new drone attack base in six weeks, satellite images show,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

The US and Senegal: Washington backs Dakar debt restructuring; Seeks completion within a year
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the United States described Senegal’s request for debt restructuring as a positive example of progress under the G20 Common Framework and called for the process to be completed in less than a year. US Treasury Undersecretary for International Affairs Erin Browne said the Global Sovereign Debt Roundtable had made progress in improving sovereign debt restructuring processes. Senegal is reportedly seeking debt treatment to restore its public finances to a sustainable path, with the IMF prepared to support a staff-level agreement for a USD 2.2 billion programme. Browne said discussions also covered expanding eligibility for debt treatment beyond the poorest countries, with further deliberations expected next year. The G20 finance ministers’ meeting also addressed global economic imbalances, financial system modernisation, regulatory streamlining, sovereign debt and financial literacy.
(“US wants Senegal debt restructuring wrapped up in less than a year,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

IMF: Monetary Fund warns that a prolonged Middle East war could deepen regional economic contraction
On 15 October, Reuters reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned that a prolonged Middle East war and further disruptions to energy production, shipping routes and critical infrastructure posed the biggest risks to economies across the Middle East and Central Asia. The IMF projected a 1.3 per cent contraction in the Middle East, North Africa and Pakistan region in 2026, followed by an uneven recovery with growth of 6.6 per cent in 2027, assuming trade and shipping normalise in the first quarter of 2027 and oil prices remain elevated. IMF Middle East and Central Asia Director Jihad Azour warned that lower inventories and tighter spare capacity could amplify future energy price shocks. Oil-exporting countries directly affected by the conflict were reportedly expected to contract significantly in 2026 before rebounding in 2027, although output would reportedly remain below pre-war projections. The IMF projected growth in the Caucasus and Central Asia to slow from 6.2 per cent in 2025 to 5.2 per cent in 2026 and 5 per cent in 2027. Azour urged policymakers to prioritise price stability, rebuild fiscal buffers and strengthen resilience to future shocks.
(“Prolonged war, renewed disruptions pose biggest risk to Middle East region, IMF says,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#247, 15 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Priyanka Makhijani, and Sreemaya Nair

Bangladesh: Dhaka Ranks 84th in the Global Hunger Index, remains in ‘moderate’ category 
On 15 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh ranked 84th in the 2026 Global Hunger Index (GHI), scoring 19.2 and remaining within the “moderate” hunger category. The country performed better than India, ranked 100th with a score of 24.1, and Pakistan, ranked 106th with 25.5, both classified as facing “serious” hunger. However, Nepal performed better, ranking 72nd with a score of 14.5. The GHI measures hunger through undernourishment, child stunting, child wasting and mortality in children below the age of five. In Bangladesh, 8.2 per cent of the population remains undernourished, while 24 per cent of children under five experience stunting, 12.9 per cent suffer from wasting and 3 per cent die before age five. Nevertheless, Bangladesh has substantially reduced child stunting from 54.9 per cent in 2000 to 24 per cent. The report warns that conflict, climate shocks and economic crises are worsening global food insecurity again.
(“Bangladesh ranks 84th in Global Hunger Index 2026,” Dhaka Tribune, 15 October 2026)

Myanmar: Military regime denies plans to draft university students into army
On 15 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Myanmar’s military regime had denied claims that university students selected through conscription lotteries would be required to suspend their studies for two years to serve in the army. The regime’s central conscription committee cited Article 15(a)(3) of the Conscription Law, which permits temporary deferment for students. However, concerns persist among students and families as local authorities reportedly compile lists of university and high school students in major cities, including Naypyitaw, Yangon and Mandalay. Residents said students were being required to participate in conscription lotteries, although officials reportedly assured some families that school students could defer service. The regime also denied reports that authorities were confiscating identity cards and requiring families to sign pledges. The law was reactivated in 2024, and an estimated 140,000 men have been recruited so far.
(“Myanmar Regime Denies Drafting College Students Into Army,” The Irrawaddy, 15 October 2026)

Maldives: Head of state to visit Pakistan after more than a decade; Agenda includes revival of SAARC
On 15 October, The Sun reported that the Maldives' President, Mohamed Muizzu, is scheduled to visit Islamabad from 20 to 22 October, marking the first visit by a Maldivian head of state to Pakistan since Abdulla Yameen’s visit in May 2015. Muizzu will be accompanied by a high-level delegation, including cabinet ministers, and is expected to meet Pakistan's Prime Minister, Shehbaz Sharif, and President, Asif Ali Zardari. Discussions will focus on bilateral relations, regional developments, reviving SAARC, cooperation through the United Nations and Organisation of Islamic Cooperation, and expanding economic and trade ties. Approximately 12 agreements and memorandums of understanding are expected, covering direct flights, healthcare, defence, education, technology, tourism, climate change, finance, research and media cooperation.
("President Muizzu to fly out on Oct 20 in first Pakistan visit by a Maldivian leader in a decade," SunOnline International, 15 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: IMF pledges continued support for economic recovery 
On 15 October, Daily Mirror reported that the International Monetary Fund has pledged continued support for Sri Lanka as the country’s macroeconomic conditions improve. IMF Asia-Pacific Deputy Director Sonali Jain Chandra highlighted strong fiscal performance, near completion of debt restructuring and progress on governance reforms. Earlier in October, Sri Lanka reached a staff-level agreement on the seventh review of its Extended Fund Facility, which could unlock about USD 345 million following IMF Board approval. With the programme expiring in March, the IMF indicated that future engagement could include a new financial arrangement, policy surveillance and assistance for capacity building. 
(“IMF vows continued support for Sri Lanka,” Daily Mirror, 15 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Taliban Foreign Minister meets India's chargé d’affaires
On 15 October, Afghanistan International reported that the Taliban Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi met India's chargé d’affaires, Yatin Patel, in Kabul on 14 October to discuss expanding bilateral relations, trade, and political, economic and humanitarian cooperation. Muttaqi said trade between Afghanistan and India was increasing and called for stronger ties and private-sector cooperation to maximise economic potential. According to the Taliban Foreign Ministry, Patel said New Delhi wanted to engage with the Taliban administration and expand cooperation across political, economic and humanitarian sectors. Taliban officials have previously urged India to strengthen economic relations and resume unfinished development projects. India contributed significantly to Afghanistan’s reconstruction through infrastructure, education and healthcare over two decades. Following the Taliban’s return to power in August 2021, several Indian projects were suspended or restricted. New Delhi has since resumed some humanitarian assistance and development cooperation.
("Taliban Foreign Minister, Indian Envoy Discuss Expanding Bilateral Ties," Afghanistan International, 15 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#78, 15 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
AstraZeneca signs USD 40 million AI drug discovery deal with insitro company
On 15 October, Reuters reported that UK’s pharmaceutical company AstraZeneca had entered a multi-year agreement with California-based AI biotechnology company insitro to discover treatments for severe liver and heart diseases. AstraZeneca will pay USD 40 million upfront, while insitro could receive up to USD 1.46 billion in development and commercial milestone payments, along with royalties from future sales. Insitro will use its “Virtual Human” AI platform, combining machine learning with lab-grown cell models, to identify disease mechanisms and potential drug targets. AstraZeneca will fund and conduct subsequent clinical trials. The partnership highlights the growing use of AI to accelerate drug discovery, reduce laboratory testing and identify new treatment possibilities
(“AstraZeneca strikes $40 million AI drug discovery deal with insitro,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

TSMC expected to report sixth consecutive quarter of record profit amid AI boom
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Company (TSMC), the world’s largest manufacturer of advanced chips, was expected to report a sixth consecutive quarter of record profits, driven by rising demand for artificial intelligence (AI) chips and advanced chip packaging. Analysts forecast a 65 per cent year-on-year increase in third-quarter net profit to USD 23.4 billion. TSMC supplies major technology companies, including Nvidia and Apple. The company is also investing USD 265 billion in expanding its semiconductor manufacturing facilities in Arizona, US, and is reportedly considering further expansion into Texas. Strong AI-related demand continues to drive its growth.
(“SK Hynix conditions new US factory on more US chip equipment exports to China, sources say,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

Eight US states sue OpenAI over alleged harm to children from ChatGPT
On 14 October, Reuters reported that eight US states, Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Iowa, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska and West Virginia, filed lawsuits against OpenAI, alleging that ChatGPT has harmed children and teenagers by encouraging self-harm, reinforcing delusions and assisting in planning violence. The lawsuits accuse the company of violating state consumer protection laws by misleading users about the chatbot’s safety and seek court orders requiring changes to how ChatGPT operates, alongside financial penalties and damages. The states also want restrictions on developing self-improving AI models without assurances that they align with human values. The legal action adds to growing scrutiny of AI safety and corporate accountability.
(“Eight US states sue OpenAI, claiming ChatGPT harms young users,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

TECHNOLOGY
Israeli firm uses online advertisements to conduct global espionage
On 15 October, Reuters reported that Israeli digital advertising firm Discover-Tech allegedly used online advertisements to track internet users and help install spyware on their devices. Research groups Citizen Lab and Confiant found that its advertisements reached more than 120,000 websites and 75,000 apps, potentially exposing users across government agencies, military networks and media organisations. The firm reportedly provided access to advertising platforms to Israeli spyware company Candiru, which was blacklisted by the US in 2021. Researchers said spyware delivered through these advertisements compromised 45 Windows devices at Qatar-based broadcaster Al Jazeera between 2024 and 2025. Google and other advertising platforms have since suspended or removed Discover-Tech. 
(“Israeli firm used online ads to run vast spy operation, researchers say,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

HYPERSONIC WEAPONS AND MISSILES
South Korea: Seoul conducts hypersonic glide vehicle test
On 15 October, Asian Military Review reported that South Korea conducted its first test launch of a domestically developed hypersonic glide vehicle, marking a milestone in the country’s effort to advance hypersonic weapons technology and to expand its long-range strike capabilities. The test was announced by the Blue House earlier this month. The press release stated that the test was designed to validate, for the first time, critical technologies required for hypersonic glide vehicles(HGV), including ultra-high temperatures and heat-resistant materials, guidance and control systems, and the vehicle’s ability to perform irregular manoeuvres at low altitudes. The Blue House stated that the HGV reached its target altitude and successfully separated from the booster during the test. It then followed its planned flight path at hypersonic speeds before descending, maneuvering vertically and horizontally, and accurately striking the designated target. President Lee was also shown a TEL for South Korea’s relatively new Hyunmoo-5 short-range ballistic missile.
(“South Korea conducts first hypersonic glide vehicle test,” Asian Military Review, 15 October 2026)

North Korea: Pyongyang tests submarine-launched missiles
On 15 October, Al Jazeera reported that North Korea has test-fired two submarine-launched strategic cruise missiles in the sea off its east coast. The test fire aimed to examine the reliability of war deterrents and improve the navy’s skill in performing strategic missions. One of the missiles was a Pulhwasal-3-31, which was fired from land the previous week. Senior military officers observed that the test was conducted off the country’s east coast, and the KCNA stated that the tests had no adverse impact on the security of neighbouring countries. Pyongyang is not yet believed to have fired a modern missile submarine in full operation. This is believed to be a top military priority of leader Kim Jong Un, who has overseen the development of a range of strategic and ballistic cruise missiles. The country has sharply accelerated military fortification along the demilitarized zone as part of its hostile states policy, launched in 2023, to permanently sever ties with South Korea. Diplomatic efforts on the Korean Peninsula have stalled since the collapse of denuclearization talks between US President Donald Trump and Kim in 2019. Despite Trump floating the possibility of meeting Kim during his second term, no such meeting has materialised.
(“North Korea tests two submarine-launched missiles, state media reports,” Al Jazeera, 15 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
SK Hynix links proposed US factory to chip equipment exports to China
On 15 October, Reuters reported that South Korean chipmaker SK Hynix is seeking US government approval to bring additional American chipmaking equipment to its NAND flash memory facility in Dalian, China. In return, its US subsidiary, Solidigm, is conditionally proposing to build a new NAND chip factory in the United States. The company aims to equip an underused section of its existing Chinese plant to meet rising demand for memory chips driven by AI data centres. Washington has tightened restrictions on semiconductor equipment exports to China over national security concerns. The proposal comes amid US efforts to increase domestic chip production and reduce reliance on overseas manufacturing.
(“TSMC 'prudent' going into 2027 after posting sixth straight quarter of record profit,” Reuters, 15 October 2026)

Japan to invest USD 21 billion in US chip factories
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Japan will invest up to USD 21 billion to build two chip factories in New York that will be jointly owned by the US Government and Japanese interests and operated by Global Foundries. The initiative is part of a Trump administration deal struck in 2025 for Japan to invest USD 550 billion in the US in return for lowering tariffs on Japanese cars and imports from 25 per cent to 15 per cent. Construction of the first factory will begin this year, with production expected to begin in 2029. Global Foundries will shift USD 955 million, previously awarded by the US government, to accelerate investments in silicon photonics, silicon-germanium chip material and advanced packaging at its existing chip factories at Malta, New York and Burlington, Vermont. Global Foundries stated that some of the capital investment by Japan will flow back to chip-manufacturing toolmakers such as Tokyo Electron and other Japanese firms that, along with US rivals, dominate the supply chain. Under the arrangement with the US, Trump selects projects to be funded by Japan with available free cash flows from investments split evenly between the two countries, until a specific allocation is reached, of which 90 per cent goes to the US. Trade Minister Ryosei Akazawa rejected criticism that the investment initiative makes Japan subservient to the US, saying projects are subject to rigorous bilateral reviews to ensure they are financially viable, capable of repayment, and beneficial to Japanese companies.
(“Japan to invest up to $21 billion in two GlobalFoundries chip factories in New York,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#449, 14 October 2026
Advik S Mohan, Avannesh S and Samraksha Mukund

The Houthis and Saudi Arabia: Houthis threaten more attacks on Saudi infrastructure; Aramco headquarters significantly damaged after Houthi strike
On 14 October, Reuters reported that the Houthis had vowed to continue their attacks on airports and oil facilities in Saudi Arabia, stating they were legitimate targets. The Houthis issued a statement claiming responsibility for attacks on facilities and a refinery of Saudi Arabia's Aramco in Dharan and Riyadh, alongside Riyadh airport. They further informed their attacks were retaliation for Saudi strikes on Yemen. The group also recommended “international shipping companies," civilians and workers to evacuate Saudi airports and oil facilities. Meanwhile, the Saudi-led military coalition informed it had intercepted a ballistic missile fired by the Houthis towards Riyadh. Three individuals with direct knowledge about the issue informed Reuters the attack on Saudi Aramco headquarters caused extensive damage, starting a fire which spread across several floors. The report further stated that operations were continuing normally and employees were requested to work from home, and the top three floors of the building were damaged. The Saudi energy ministry had informed previously that the strike caused a limited fire.  
(“Yemen’s Houthis vow more attacks on Saudi airports, oil facilities after Aramco HQ hit,” Reuters, 14 October 2026,  “Saudi Aramco headquarters suffered extensive damage in Houthi attack, sources say,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The US-Iran War: Blockade cuts Tehran's crude exports to zero, says Vortexa; Iran's officials report adoption of new tactics
On 14 October, Reuters cited Vortexa in saying that the US naval blockade had reduced Iran’s seaborne crude exports to zero, down from an average of 230,000 barrels per day at the start of September. The disruption reportedly intensified pressure on Tehran’s oil revenue. The claim of economic collapse, however, was dismissed by the governor of the Central Bank. Iran's currency tracker Bonbast suggested that the Rial has lost nearly 35 per cent of its value against the US dollar since July. Iran's statistical centre reported that annual inflation had reached 73.6 per cent in September. Amid this, two senior Iranian officials told Reuters that Tehran had adopted new tactics to target commercial vessels in and beyond the Strait of Hormuz. At least five maritime incidents were reported within 48 hours, raising concerns over shipping security in a waterway that carried around a fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas trade before the war. The officials said Tehran aimed to keep global oil prices elevated and increase pressure on Washington ahead of the November midterm elections. 
("US blockade keeps Iranian crude exports at zero in October, report says," Reuters, 13 October 2026, "Iran shifting tactics to step up attacks on shipping before US vote, officials say," Reuters, 14 October 2026 and "Iran's central bank governor dismisses claims of economic collapse amid US blockade," Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv accuses SpaceX of cutting off Starlink access without warning; The EU prepares to raise funds at IMF and G7 for Ukraine
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine accused Elon Musk’s SpaceX of deliberately cutting off access to its Starlink internet services, disrupting drone operations as relations with the US deteriorated after US President Donald Trump lifted sanctions on Russian diesel. Ukraine’s Presidential advisor Serhiy Beskrestnov stated that they did not receive any warnings about the limitations, and that it led to the disruption of several missions. Russia’s Defence Ministry stated that they struck power stations in Kyiv and Kharkiv regions, which left roughly 600,000 people without power. Additionally, the European Commission's economic chief Valdis Dombrovskis stated that the EU will raise extra funding at meetings with the IMF and G7 finance ministers this week in Bangkok, Thailand. The EU has promised USD 50 billion in funding for Ukraine through 2027 with Drombrovskis adding that they seek to fill funding gaps and secure cash from countries such as Norway, Switzerland, Canada, Japan or the UK. 
(“EU seeks to raise cash for Ukraine at IMF and G7 meetings, Dombrovskis says,” “Ukraine accuses SpaceX of crippling drone missions as ties with US worsen,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

Vietnam and the EU: Brussels seeks closer ties with Hanoi on critical minerals in China hedge 
On 14 October, a Reuters exclusive reported that the European Union is seeking closer ties with Vietnam to secure critical minerals and reduce its reliance on China. Vietnam’s leader is set to visit Brussels next week as EU leaders discuss plans to diversify supplies. Hanoi has substantial reserves of critical minerals, including tungsten, rare earths, antimony, bismuth and bauxite, from which gallium can be extracted. Its exports to the EU, however, have largely been limited to tungsten and antimony. Both are used in defence applications, including ammunition and explosives. An EU delegation report prepared in Hanoi in June 2026 identified Vietnam as a potential supplier, particularly of rare earths and tungsten. The report recommended financial support for Vietnam’s mining and processing industries to maintain and expand access to tungsten, bismuth, antimony and titanium. It also warned that competition from partner countries could disrupt EU supplies.
("EU seeks closer Vietnam ties on critical minerals in China hedge, documents show," Reuters, 14 October 2026)

China and the EU: Beijing expresses interest in working on trade with EU, as Brussels views options 
On 14 October, Reuters reported that China’s Vice- Premier He Lifeng had informed China was willing to work with the EU for ensuring greater stability and injecting positive energy into economic and trade ties. Lifeng made the remarks in a meeting with French diplomatic advisor Emmanuel Bonne, where he expressed a desire to work with France to strengthen cooperation in all economic fields and adopt a mutually beneficial consensus. Lifeng’s remarks came a day before the commencement of the European Council summit, wherein trade with China is expected to be a key topic of discussion. A primary focus of the summit which occurs amidst growing politicial instability in countries such as France and Germany; will be upon the widening trade deficit the bloc has with China. The European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen described the deficit as “unsustainable” and vowed the EU would utilise every possible method to reduce it. The focus of the EU now appears to be upon reducing Chinese sales into the bloc while maintaining a space for discussions; with European Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic describing the EU-China deal on reducing Chinese hybrid car imports as the first step in rebalancing. However, a senior Commission official warned that merely dialogue with China was unlikely to resolve things. The European Commission is also likely to suggest measures to combat the imports of chemicals and PET materials used in packaging in its December meetings. This would occur even if European leaders agree to maintain trade talks with China after the summit this week.
( “China says it is willing to work with EU to boost stability of trade ties,” Reuters, 14 October 2026, “ Pressured at home, EU leaders weigh China trade steps,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

Singapore and East Timor: Pollution levels reach peak as East Timor shuts down schools as Indonesian wildfires intensifies
On 14 October, Reuters reported that pollution readings in Singapore recorded the highest level this year, as East Timor shuts down schools for three days due to intensifying smoke and haze from Indonesia’s wildfires. East Timor shares an island, which is part of Indonesia’s East Nusa Tenggara province, where many of the wildfire hotspots persist. Singapore’s hourly PM2.5 reading recorded a high of 284 micrograms per cubic metre in its western regions. Indonesia is currently battling its most intense wildfire season yet, which is fueled by this year’s El Nino-related dry weather events. Indonesia’s President Prabowo Subianto stated that they have deployed more than 69,000 firefighters and ordered additional resources to combat the wildfires. ASEAN is also expected to discuss the issue of transboundary haze next month.
(“Singapore pollution spikes, East Timor shuts schools as Indonesia wildfire haze intensifies,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#246, 14 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Kathmandu and New Delhi discuss disaster response and trans border cooperation
On 13 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal and India agreed to deepen security and disaster management cooperation during talks between Home Minister Sudan Gurung and India's Home Minister Amit Shah in New Delhi. The discussions focused on managing the 1,850 kilometre open border and combating human trafficking, smuggling, cross border crime and criminal networks while preserving longstanding cross border movement. Minister Gurung thanked India for assistance following recent floods and landslides and emphasised sovereign equality and mutual trust. Both sides also highlighted information sharing, coordinated emergency response and humanitarian assistance.
("Nepal, India discuss border security, transnational crime and disaster response," The Kathmandu Post, 13 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka calls for strong convention on crimes against humanity
On 14 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh has urged the international community to establish a robust convention for preventing and punishing crimes against humanity, with particular protection for victims and countries hosting them. Addressing the UN General Assembly's Sixth Committee, delegate Muhammad Nawshad Zamir proposed cooperation in preserving evidence and protecting witnesses, improved access to justice for survivors, and international burden-sharing for host states. He also stated that "A convention diluted until it offends no one will protect no one." Drawing on Bangladesh's experience sheltering more than one million Rohingya displaced from Myanmar, he argued that receiving countries should be incorporated into international accountability mechanisms. Bangladesh also cited a UN estimate that up to 1,400 people were killed during its 2024 uprising, warranting investigation into possible crimes against humanity. Dhaka advocated universal jurisdiction, stronger extradition arrangements and greater protection for women and children. It further argued that the proposed convention should complement the Rome Statute, preserve the International Criminal Court's independence and prevent perpetrators from escaping accountability through weak international provisions.
("Bangladesh calls for global treaty to protect victims of crimes against humanity," Dhaka Tribune, 14 October 2026)

Myanmar: IIMM calls for civilian protection and justice as over 1.2 million Rohingya remain displaced in Bangladesh
On 14 October, Mizzima reported that Nicholas Koumjian, head of the United Nations' Independent Investigative Mechanism for Myanmar (IIMM), warned that ongoing violence against civilians in Rakhine State was preventing Rohingya refugees from safely returning from Bangladesh. During a six-day visit, he met senior Bangladeshi officials and more than 200 people from Rohingya and other communities in camps around Cox's Bazar. More than 154,000 Rohingya have arrived in Bangladesh since early 2024 amid fighting between the Arakan Army and Myanmar's military. The country now hosts over 1.2 million displaced Rohingya, including more than 700,000 who fled the military-led crackdown in 2017. The IIMM is collecting evidence of alleged serious international crimes in Rakhine. Koumjian stressed that ending violence and ensuring justice were essential for a safe and sustainable return. Meanwhile, the International Court of Justice is considering a genocide case against Myanmar concerning the 2016–2017 violence.
("Violence in Rakhine is blocking safe Rohingya return, UN Myanmar Mechanism head says after Bangladesh visit," Mizzima, 14 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: IMF forecasts a slower growth for Sri Lanka as global tensions are on the rise
On 14 October, The Island reported that the IMF expects Sri Lanka's economic recovery to continue but lose momentum amidst geopolitical tensions, high energy prices and global trade disruptions. Its latest World Economic Outlook projects GDP growth of 4 per cent in 2026 and 3.7 per cent in 2027, down from an estimated 5 per cent in 2025. Inflation is forecast to rebound from 0.5 per cent deflation in 2025 to 5.3 per cent in 2026 and 5.4 per cent in 2027, while unemployment remains at 3.9 per cent. External pressures are also increasing, with the current account expected to move from a 1.6 per cent surplus in 2025 to deficits in 2026 and 2027.
("IMF projects Lankan economic growth to moderate amidst mounting global uncertainties," The Island, 14 October 2026)

Maldives: New Delhi to roll over INR 30 billion currency swap
On 14 October, Adhadhu reported that India decided to roll over a INR 30 billion currency swap due for repayment by the Maldives on 22 October, following a request from Malé, according to sources, with Finance Minister Hassan Zareer confirming the decision in an interview with Reuters. The swap was drawn in April after the Maldives repaid a previous USD 400 million facility, with the funds converted into US dollars. The rollover follows a USD 50 million payment to India in September, made after earlier deferral requests were unsuccessful. President Mohamed Muizzu acknowledged reserves were at a low level, saying the situation would improve over the next six months.
("India decides to roll over a 30 billion rupee currency swap following Maldives government request," Adhadhu, 14 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Taliban expands trade with Iran and Central Asia to recover from lost Pakistan trade
On 14 October, Afghanistan International reported that the Taliban's spokesperson, Zabihullah Mujahid, said Afghanistan was offsetting losses from closed Pakistani border crossings by expanding trade with Iran and Central Asian countries. Before the closures, annual Afghanistan-Pakistan trade was estimated at USD 2.35 billion. According to the World Bank, Central Asian routes accounted for 48 per cent of Afghanistan's imports in August 2026, while Iran accounted for 46 per cent, reducing Pakistan's share to almost zero. Taliban figures show that trade with five Central Asian countries reached USD 2.62 billion in 2025, rising 45 per cent year-on-year. However, Pakistan's border closures have reduced Afghan food exports and nearly halted coal exports, while textile shipments to China through Central Asia have increased.
("Afghanistan replaces lost Pakistan trade through Central Asia, says Taliban," Afghanistan International, 14 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#77, 14 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
IMF flags warns of global economic risks from decline in AI market investment, US-Iran war and debt
On 14 October, Reuters reported on International Monetary Fund (IMF) warnings of risks to global economic growth from a potential slowdown in artificial intelligence (AI) investment, rising public debt and a prolonged war in the Middle East. The IMF projected global economic growth at 3.1 per cent in 2026 and 3.4 per cent in 2027. However, these projections assumed that the Strait of Hormuz would reopen by March 2027 and shipping conditions would return to pre-war levels by October 2027. The IMF said a sharp decline in AI investment could reduce global GDP by 1.1 per cent by 2028. A prolonged war keeping oil prices above USD 130 could reduce 2027 growth by 0.5 percentage points.
(“IMF flags risks to global economy from AI market correction, war and debt,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

Scientists call for international oversight of advanced AI systems
On 14 October, Reuters reported that around 400 scientists, including artificial intelligence pioneers Geoffrey Hinton and Yoshua Bengio, had called for an international body to oversee safety standards for advanced AI systems capable of conducting cyber operations. The proposed body would establish industry-wide containment standards and maintain a registry of significant security incidents, which the scientists said should eventually be made public. In an open letter, the researchers called for advanced AI models to initially be isolated from external networks and placed under independent oversight. They argued that voluntary commitments by technology companies were insufficient. The proposal followed a White House agreement signed by Anthropic, OpenAI, Google, Meta, xAI and Nvidia to adopt voluntary AI safety measures without formal enforcement.
(“Scientists call for international body to oversee advanced AI,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

Anthropic warns of potential AI self-replication across the internet
On 14 October, Reuters reported on Anthropic warning that artificial intelligence models could be months away from self-replicating across the internet. The company raised the possibility that rogue AI systems could create botnets, spread rapidly, resist attempts to shut them down and potentially break into data centres to increase their computing capacity. The warning prompted debate among cybersecurity experts. Some shared Anthropic’s concerns, while others questioned whether AI models could be moved efficiently and obtain sufficient computing power to operate independently. One expert suggested that the company’s warning contained an element of vendor exaggeration. Anthropic chief executive Dario Amodei had previously warned that AI could potentially hijack the internet through a persistent botnet within the following year or sooner.
(“Anthropic warns AI models may soon self-replicate and could wreak havoc on the web,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

Google DeepMind and Google Cloud open frontier AI models to European researchers
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Google DeepMind and Google Cloud would provide up to 200 European scientific researchers with direct access to their advanced AI models and USD 3 million in computing credits. According to the companies, the initiative would give researchers access to scientific tools including AlphaFold 3, WeatherNext, AlphaGenome, AlphaEvolve and AlphaEarth Foundations. The programme is intended to help researchers address complex scientific challenges more quickly. The areas identified include predicting extreme weather patterns and mapping molecular structures. The initiative was announced by the US technology company as part of its support for scientific research in Europe.
(“Google DeepMind, Google Cloud to allow European researchers access to frontier models,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

Nvidia pledges USD 250 million to UK AI safety research
On 14 October, Reuters reported that US chipmaker Nvidia had pledged computing resources worth USD 250 million to Britain over five years to support artificial intelligence security research. The commitment would provide accelerated computing resources worth USD 50 million annually, according to Nvidia chief executive Jensen Huang. The resources would support agentic AI safety testing and help British researchers strengthen safeguards for increasingly powerful AI systems. Britain has been seeking a leading role in evaluating AI and managing its risks, partly through its AI Security Institute, one of the first state-backed bodies established to assess the technology. The announcement came amid increased scrutiny of AI safety following disclosures by developers, including Anthropic and OpenAI, about unwanted behaviour by AI agents.
(“Nvidia pledges $250 million to UK AI safety research,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

LSEG partners with Nvidia to accelerate historical market data processing
On 14 October, Reuters reported that the London Stock Exchange Group (LSEG) had partnered with Nvidia to help financial institutions process and analyse large volumes of historical market data more quickly. The partnership would use Nvidia’s specialised computing technology to examine market information without creating copies of the underlying datasets. According to LSEG, this could enable researchers to analyse every trade and price quote within seconds, allowing faster research as equity trading moves towards 24-hour cycles. LSEG’s Tick History database contains approximately 110 trillion rows of data covering 100 million instruments, 30 years of records and 580 exchanges, trading venues and contributors. The company said the collaboration would expand how customers access insights from its historical market data.
(“LSEG taps Nvidia for faster historical market data processing,” Reuters, 14 October 2026) 

CYBERSECURITY
Putin convenes senior Russian officials for cybersecurity discussions
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Russia’s President Vladimir Putin would discuss cybersecurity with senior officials, as the Kremlin described the issue as an increasingly pressing concern. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov denied that the meeting had been prompted by a series of Ukrainian drone attacks on Russian data centres. He said artificial intelligence technologies offered several benefits, including improved efficiency, but warned that attempts by different states to weaponise these technologies posed threats to entire sectors of national economies. Peskov stated that Russia also needed to prepare for such challenges. The meeting was convened amid concerns over the potential misuse of emerging technologies and the security of digital infrastructure.
(“Putin convenes top Russian officials to discuss cybersecurity,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

French investigators probe hacking of supermarket refrigeration systems
On 14 October, Reuters reported that French investigators were searching for hackers who had taken control of cooling units at hundreds of supermarkets. At least 350 supermarkets were affected, with spoiled meat and frozen goods discarded after refrigeration temperatures were altered. The affected supermarket groups included Carrefour, Monoprix, Intermarché and Cooperative U. No group had publicly claimed responsibility, and investigators had not received a ransom demand. France’s cybersecurity agency said the breach affected refrigeration units using software from Danfoss, Copeland and Dixell. Danfoss said many affected units were using outdated firmware or software that no longer received security updates. Copeland acknowledged the vulnerability and said it was working with affected customers to reduce the risks.
(“Investigators hunt French supermarket fridge hackers, no claim of responsibility,” Reuters, 13 October 2026) 

South Korea identifies hacking incidents at 16 financial firms
On 14 October, Reuters reported that South Korea had identified hacking incidents involving 16 financial firms and approximately 100,000 cases of data leaks, according to the country’s financial regulator. The Financial Services Commission (FSC) said authorities were conducting an in-depth investigation into the methods used in the attacks to determine whether artificial intelligence had been involved. The regulator also announced plans to conduct security inspections at financial firms. These inspections would be accompanied by measures to improve the early detection of hacking threats and strengthen coordinated responses. The findings were announced as the country’s financial authorities investigated the scale and methods of cyber incidents affecting financial institutions.
(“South Korea finds hacking incidents at total of 16 financial firms,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

MI5 chief warns of threats from Russia, Iran, AI and terrorism
On 14 October, Reuters reported that MI5 chief Ken McCallum had identified Russia, Iran, artificial intelligence and terrorism among the principal threats facing Britain. In his annual speech, McCallum described Russia as the leading aggressor and said it was intensifying hybrid warfare while remaining below the threshold for a direct NATO response. He said Iran was using criminal proxies to target opponents, Iranian media organisations and Israeli interests in Britain. More than 50 arrests had resulted from operations connected to Iran, he added. McCallum also warned that AI was intensifying cyberattacks and assisting reconnaissance. He expressed particular concern about terrorists potentially using AI to develop biological weapons or create new pathogens. Al Qaeda and Islamic State continued to inspire terrorist plots.
(“MI5 chief lists Iran, Russia, AI and terrorists among threats to UK,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

HYPERSONIC WEAPONS AND MISSILES
Pakistan successfully tests extended-range Fatah-2 missile
On 14 October, Dawn reported that the Pakistan Army had successfully test-launched the extended-range Fatah-2 hypersonic ballistic missile, according to the military’s media wing, Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR). The missile is equipped with advanced navigation systems and avionics. ISPR stated that its trajectory and manoeuvrability allow it to engage targets with high precision and overcome enemy missile defence systems. The extended-range version is intended to increase the army’s ability to engage distant targets. The test was witnessed by Army Rocket Force Command chief Lieutenant General Nauman Zakaria, senior military officers, scientists and engineers. Pakistan’s president, prime minister and chief of defence forces congratulated the scientists and engineers involved in the test.
(“Army conducts successful test launch of hypersonic Fatah-2 extended range missile: ISPR,” Dawn, 13 October 2026)

US pushes to expand hypersonic weapons testing and reduce costs
On 14 October, Fox News reported on efforts to expand hypersonic weapons testing and reduce development costs in the United States. Defence contractor Rocket Lab is working with the US War Department through its Hypersonic Accelerator Suborbital Test Electron (HASTE) programme, which provides a suborbital test vehicle for testing hypersonic and missile-defence technologies. The vehicle is derived from Rocket Lab’s Electron rocket. Company officials said that lower-cost, more frequent test launches could accelerate technology development by allowing multiple trials rather than relying on expensive individual campaigns. Hypersonic weapons travel at high speeds and can maneuver during flight, making interception difficult. However, experts also raised concerns about their accuracy and the possibility that an incoming missile could be misinterpreted, increasing escalation risks.
(“Pentagon pushes hypersonic weapons production as startups seek to slash costs,” Fox News, 14 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
EU seeks stronger ties with Vietnam to diversify critical mineral supplies
On 14 October, Reuters reported that the European Union was seeking to secure additional critical minerals from Vietnam to reduce its dependence on China. Internal EU documents identified Vietnam’s reserves of tungsten, rare earths, antimony, bismuth and bauxite as potential alternative sources. Existing Vietnamese exports to the EU have largely been limited to tungsten and antimony, which are also used in defence applications, including ammunition and explosives. The documents recommended financial support for Vietnam’s mining and processing industries to maintain and expand access to critical raw materials. They also highlighted concerns that China’s export restrictions had disrupted European supply chains. Vietnam’s leader, To Lam, was expected to visit Brussels the following week for discussions with EU leaders.
(“EU seeks closer Vietnam ties on critical minerals in China hedge, documents show,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

Japan plans USD 21 billion investment in two US semiconductor factories
On 14 October, Reuters reported that Japan would invest up to USD 21 billion in two semiconductor factories in New York state. The factories would be jointly owned by the US government and Japanese interests and operated by GlobalFoundries. The investment forms part of a USD 550 billion agreement between Japan and the United States reached under President Donald Trump’s administration in exchange for reducing US tariffs on Japanese cars and other imports from at least 25 per cent to 15 per cent. GlobalFoundries said Japan would provide all the investment capital, while the United States would hold a stake in the new factories. The company would receive fees for constructing and operating the facilities and licensing its chip-manufacturing technology.
(“Japan to invest up to $21 billion in two US chip factories to be run by GlobalFoundries,” Reuters, 14 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#448, 13 October 2026
Avaneesh S, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella and Samraksha Mukund

The War in Ukraine: Russia claims strike on ship delivering military and dual-use cargo to Ukraines' Mykolaiv; Set to address disruptions faced by AI company Yandex
On 13 October, Reuters reported that Russia claimed strikes on a cargo ship allegedly delivering military and dual-use equipment to Ukraine’s port city of Mykolaiv, alongside multiple other strikes across Ukraine. Russia’s Defence Ministry listed out various targets of its overnight strikes yesterday, which include a missile and long-range drone production facility, and a locomotive depot in Kyiv, a logistics warehouse in Ternivka, and an unmanned aerial vehicle depot in Meshkovo-Pohorelov. Additionally, the Kremlin’s spokesperson Dimitry Peskov stated that the government is discussing the disruptions and problems faced by Russia-based AI and technology company Yandex, after Ukraine struck three of its data centres earlier in the week.
(“Kremlin says the government is discussing Yandex's problems after Ukrainian strikes on its data centres,” “Russia says it hit ship delivering military cargo to Ukraine's Mykolaiv,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

Hurricane Simon: Mexico's Pacific coast faces floods
On 12 October, Reuters reported that Hurricane Simon is moving slowly northwest off Mexico’s Pacific coast, bringing dangerous winds, heavy rainfall and flooding to western states. At 0800 hours local time, the Category Two hurricane was located about 90 km west-southwest of Cabo Corrientes in Jalisco, with maximum sustained winds of 175 kilometres per hour. Simon had weakened from Category Four intensity recorded on 10 October and was moving at just 6 kilometres per hour. It was forecast to turn northeast, move inland around midweek and potentially make landfall in Sinaloa later, although experts suggested it could stall offshore. Authorities warned of life-threatening floods, mudslides, storm surges and destructive waves. Rainfall forecasts included isolated totals of up to 76 centimetres in parts of Michoacan, Colima and Jalisco. Mexico’s Civil Protection agency head, Laura Velázquez, reported one storm-related death in Guerrero. Local patrols in Cihuatlán warned residents to prepare for possible evacuations as the Marabasco River rose. Flooding affected Cihuatlán and Manzanillo, where residents and navy personnel dealt with inundated streets and homes. Meanwhile, at least 10 people remained missing in Baja California following weeks of severe storms, while a minor was killed in Ensenada.
("Hurricane Simon crawls along Mexico's Pacific coast, bringing floods and evacuations," Reuters, 12 October 2026)

Iran, Russia and the UK: Spy chief claims Tehran and Moscow increasing hybrid warfare campaigns
On 13 October, Reuters reported that the UK’s Spy chief claimed that Russia and Iran are attempting to hit military targets in Britain as part of their hybrid warfare campaigns. The M15’s Director General Ken McCallum, in his annual speech, addressed several wide-ranging threats to the UK, and also added that AI misuse enables terrorists to develop bioweapons or even create new novel pathogens. His comments come after Prime Minister Andy Burnham stated in Parliament that Iran was “highly likely” behind the suspected bombing plot against the Fairford air force base, which housed US bombers carrying out strikes against Iran. He declined to elaborate on the Fairford plot because of an ongoing investigation, adding that Iran is attempting to hit “harder targets,” and that Russia remains the "aggressor number one.”
(“Iran and Russia ramping up hybrid campaigns in Britain, UK spy chief says,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

IMF: AI, market correction, war and debt flagged as threats to global economy
On 13 October, Reuters reported that the International Monetary Fund (IMF) warned of risks to global economic growth and financial stability from a potential slowdown in artificial intelligence (AI) investment, rising public debt and a prolonged Middle East conflict. At its annual meetings with the World Bank in Bangkok, the IMF projected global growth at 3.1 per cent in 2026 and 3.4 per cent in 2027, supported by continued AI infrastructure investment. However, if oil prices remain above USD 130 per barrel through the first quarter of 2027, growth could decline by 0.5 percentage points next year. It was cautioned that a sharp fall in AI investment could trigger asset price declines, reducing global GDP by 1.1 per cent by 2028 and US output by 1.8 per cent. IMF highlighted rising debt and bond yields, urging governments to strengthen fiscal discipline and control borrowing to safeguard economic stability.
("IMF flags risks to global economy from AI market correction, war and debt," Reuters, 13 October 2026)

The DRC: Former President Kabila launches new coalition with eastern rebel leaders
On 13 October, Reuters reported that former President of Congo Joseph Kabila has launched a new political-military coalition, the Front pour la Refondation de la Nation (FRN), to replace the AFC-M23 alliance fighting government forces in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, taking a more direct role in the insurgency. The group will be headed by Kabila, with rebel leaders Corneille Nangaa, Bertrand Bisimwa, Freddy Kaniki and Sultani Makenga serving as deputies, adviser Claude Ibalanky announced at a press conference. Congolese authorities have reportedly accused Kabila of supporting AFC-M23, which captured vast territories in eastern Congo during an offensive last year, but he has denied involvement. In a speech, Kabila accused the government of corruption, poor governance and military setbacks in the east, while criticising its minerals deal with the United States. Kabila travelled to rebel-held Goma in 2025, and several former allies have since joined AFC-M23, deepening perceptions of links between the former president and the insurgency.
(“Congo's former president Kabila forms new group to replace M23 insurgency,” Reuters, 13 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#245, 13 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Bhutan: New Delhi hands over INR 290 crore to Thimphu under 13th Five Year Plan project
On 13 October, DD News reported that India handed over INR 290 crore (BTN 2.90 billion) to Bhutan for development projects under its 13th Five Year Plan, according to the Indian Embassy in Thimphu. The cheques were presented to Bhutan's Ministry of Finance during the 19th Monthly Coordination Meeting, covering projects across education, infrastructure, healthcare, digital connectivity and agriculture. Funded initiatives include modern infrastructure at Royal University of Bhutan colleges, the National Weather and Flood Warning Centre, and a Digital Skilling Programme expected to benefit around one million citizens. The meeting also reviewed progress on 11 new highway bridges, 37 school upgrades, plans for 100 electric cars and 45 electric buses, and the multi-disciplinary super speciality hospital project.
("India Hands Over Rs 290 Crore To Bhutan For Projects Under 13th Five Year Plan," DD News, 13 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Suspected measles fatalities rise to 1,066 as confirmed infections exceed 22,700
On 13 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that six more children died with measles-like symptoms in the 24 hours leading up to 0800 hrs, taking the combined number of confirmed and suspected measles-related deaths to 1,170 this year. The Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) classified all six latest fatalities as suspected measles deaths. The total number of suspected deaths has reached 1,066, while confirmed deaths remain at 104. During the same period, 1,074 new suspected cases were reported, bringing the nationwide total to 207,371. Another 139 laboratory-confirmed infections were recorded, raising the total number of confirmed cases to 22,712. Since 15 March, 184,269 patients with suspected measles have been hospitalised. Of these, 176,672 have recovered, according to DGHS data.
("Measles outbreak: Death toll reaches 1,170 as six more die in 24 hours," Dhaka Tribune, 13 October 2026)

Myanmar: International parliamentary body backs dialogue on detained elected lawmakers
On 13 October, Mizzima reported that the Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU) had reaffirmed the Committee Representing Pyidaungsu Hluttaw (CRPH) as a key dialogue partner during its 153rd General Assembly in Arusha, Tanzania, held from 05 to 09 October. The assembly also approved a decision concerning elected Myanmar parliamentarians who remain unlawfully detained. A delegation led by Union Parliament Representative Zin Mar Aung participated in the meetings and briefed international counterparts on Myanmar's political situation. The delegation highlighted the National Unity Government's public service activities and the CRPH's legislative work. It also urged the international community to reject institutions established through the military's planned elections, end violence, halt airstrikes and ensure humanitarian assistance reaches people in need. The CRPH said the decisions reinforced continued international engagement with elected representatives from the 2020 election.
("IPU Assembly approves continued recognition of CRPH as key partner," Mizzima, 13 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Colombo considers new IMF programme to balance growth and stability
On 13 October, Daily Mirror reported that President Anura Kumara Dissanayake has signalled that Sri Lanka remains open to a new IMF programme after the current arrangement ends, provided it supports faster economic growth without jeopardising restored stability. The Finance Ministry and Central Bank are examining possible options, although no decision has been made. Sri Lanka recently reached a staff level agreement on the seventh review of its existing programme, potentially unlocking another USD 345 million. While economic stability has improved, foreign reserves and creditworthiness remain concerns. The IMF has urged continued structural reforms, including trade liberalisation, regulatory modernisation, digitalisation and stronger fiscal and external buffers.
("President leaves fresh IMF agreement on the table," Daily Mirror, 13 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Russia actively seeks to keep outside powers from entering Afghan soil, says Russian official
On 13 October, Afghanistan International reported that Russia's Security Council Deputy Secretary, Alexander Venediktov, warned that countries around Afghanistan would come under direct threat if US military facilities were to return to the country. According to Venediktov, Moscow is actively seeking to prevent outside actors from returning to Afghan soil as part of its security dialogue with the Taliban. The Taliban and Moscow have also established a joint economic and trade working group and are working towards strengthening the legal framework for their cooperation. Additionally, Venediktov also stated that almost all countries in the region were in contact with the Taliban leadership and that discussions were under way within the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation on resuming relations with Afghanistan through the organisation's contact group.
("US Military Return to Afghanistan Would Threaten Regional Security, Says Russia," Afghanistan International, 13 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#447, 12 October 2026
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella and Samraksha Mukund 

The War in Ukraine: Zelenskyy says Moscow violated energy ceasefire 
On 12 October, Reuters reported that Russia attacked energy facilities in Ukraine, which Kyiv called a violation of a ceasefire on such targets announced by Donald Trump. Zelenskyy stated that "This energy ceasefire, it can work, and it can become a major step toward ending the war if the Americans truly step in now ​and make sure Russians respect it," adding that "There were Russian violations of the energy ceasefire announced by ⁠President Trump." Furthermore, Russia stated that there were ongoing talks about a possible energy ceasefire, and Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said further information would be revealed in due course. Moreover, Zelenskyy said Ukraine had carried out no attacks on Russian refineries. Peskov further noted that "In the Kremlin, both President (Vladimir) Putin and officials at other levels have repeatedly stated that we do not want a ceasefire."
("Kyiv says Russia hits energy targets despite Trump ceasefire," Reuters, 12 October 2026)

Pakistan: Emergency imposed over Khyber Pakhtunkhwa's provincial government
On 11 October, Reuters reported that Pakistan’s President Asif Ali Zardari declared a state of emergency and suspended the provincial government in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The region is led by jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) party. The federal government, as Reuters reported, justified the move by accusing the provincial administration of failing to curb Islamist militancy as attacks increased along the Afghan border. A provincial governor was appointed for an initial six-month term, and the government announced plans to deploy troops. The decision reportedly intensified tensions ahead of a planned PTI protest demanding Khan’s release. Hundreds of party activists and three of Khan’s sisters had reportedly been detained, while security forces were deployed to prevent demonstrators from reaching Islamabad. PTI spokesperson Zulfikar Bukhari condemned the decision as "more of a coup disguised as emergency," warning of further instability. The government and military accused PTI of failing to tackle militancy, while the party blamed Islamabad for withholding necessary resources.
("Pakistan imposes emergency rule over Imran Khan's provincial government," Reuters, 11 October, 2026)

Yemen and Saudi Arabia: Operations at King Khalid International Airport suspended; Oil executives for the WPC Energy Congress dropped from the schedule  
On 12 October, Reuters reported that Operations at King Khalid International Airport were suspended as the Saudi Civil Aviation Authority stated that this was to "allow for the completion of ​procedures to ensure the safety and operational readiness of the airport's facilities." The airport has been shut since an attack on 10 October that killed ⁠13 people and wounded more than 300, after which another attack killed one person and injured nearly a dozen others. According to the aviation analytics firm Cirium, the airport cancelled 82 per cent of all scheduled flights on Monday as of 1200 ​GMT. This is against the backdrop of the US and the EU issuing aviation warnings when flying to or over Saudi Arabia. Moreover, several top energy executives were dropped from the schedule of the WPC Energy Congress in Riyadh. Additionally, Saudi Energy Minister Prince ​Abdulaziz bin Salman stated, “To everyone who travelled to Riyadh, thank you,” adding, “You know this ​country is safe and that we hold your protection at whole heart…Our gathering here ⁠does not mean the risk is gone.”
(“Skies over Saudi capital empty after deadly Houthi airport strikes,” Reuters, 12 October 2026; “Top oil executives dropped from event schedule after Riyadh attacks,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

The US-Iran Conflict: Tehran deems Washington proposal to reopen Hormuz "insufficient"
On 11 October, Reuters reported, citing Tehran's state media, on security chief Rezaei, as he deemed Washington's seven conditions to open the Strait of Hormuz "insufficient". Iran proposed at the UN General Assembly that the Strait of Hormuz could be reopened and normal maritime traffic restored within seven days, provided certain conditions were met. The US later responded to the proposal through Qatar. He added that Iran had presented seven conditions to the US, making it clear that the Strait of Hormuz would remain closed to the Americans and negotiations would not begin until those conditions were fulfilled. He added that Iran is "no longer in the process of responding to the Americans," and that "In their response, they have accepted some of our conditions, while others remain unclear." Tehran said in late September it had received a US response to its latest ceasefire proposal, despite President Donald Trump previously saying he had rejected it. Qatar and other mediators continue to relay messages between Washington and Tehran to end the conflict and reopen the strait.
("Iran says US response to its proposal to reopen Hormuz was 'insufficient'," Reuters, 11 October, 2026)

Djibouti: 139 migrants die as boat carrying 300 people capsizes sailing from Djibouti to Yemen
On 12 October, Reuters reported that around 139 migrants, including at least 15 children, have died and around 84 are missing after a boat carrying more than 300 people capsized while sailing from Djibouti to Yemen, according to the United Nations International Organisation for Migration. The IMO stated that the boat, carrying 305 people, capsized near Guhere, north of Obock, between October 08 and 09. IOM Chief of Mission in Djibouti, Alexandre Coissac, stated that "Our teams ⁠are on the ground alongside local authorities to provide emergency assistance." The migrants were heading to Yemen, with the hope of eventually making it to wealthier Gulf nations, Reuters reports. 
(“At least 139 migrants dead, including some children, after boat from Djibouti to Yemen capsizes, UN agency says,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#244, 12 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Bhutan: OP8 projects set to advance climate-resilient agriculture and more, says UNDP

On 12 October, UNDP reported that the Global Environment Facility's Small Grants Programme (GEF-SGP) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) have funded six initiatives in Bhutan to tackle climate change, improve rural livelihoods, reduce waste and support women affected by gender-based violence. The projects have been approved under the second call for proposals of the GEF-SGP's Operational Phase 8 (OP8). The six projects are to receive grants worth USD 240,500 and an additional USD 478,336 in cash co-financing. The six initiatives are Climate-smart coffee farming in Zhemgang, Rural waste management in Trashi Yangtse, Women's economic empowerment in Thimphu, Climate-resilient orchards in Mongar, Eco-bag production in Sarpang, and Mushroom cultivation in Thimphu and Paro.

("Six new initiatives to advance community-led climate solutions," UNDP, 12 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Workers demand cancellation of the 15-year terminal agreement and guarantees for job security

On 12 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the Chittagong Bandar Rokkha Sangram Parishad began a mass hunger strike outside the port's One-Stop Service Building, demanding cancellation of the agreement with United Arab Emirates-based DP World to operate the New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT). The protest began at 1130 hrs and was scheduled to continue until 1600 hrs. The protesters also demanded job security for port workers and employees, along with the fulfilment of other basic demands. Humayun Kabir and Ibrahim Khokon, joint conveners of the Chittagong Port Jatiyatabadi Sramik Dal and the Parishad, participated in the protest. The demonstration follows the signing of a 15-year concession agreement with DP World on 08 October. The Parishad and other organisations have been protesting against the agreement for a prolonged period.

("Chittagong port workers begin hunger strike against DP World deal," Dhaka Tribune, 12 October 2026)

Myanmar: Marcos backs renewed ASEAN engagement with the regime

On 12 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos Jr. had defended ASEAN's renewed diplomatic engagement with Myanmar's military-led government, describing it as a new approach to resolving the country's crisis. Marcos said the bloc's Five-Point Consensus peace plan was correct but had failed to produce results. During the Philippines' 2026 ASEAN chairmanship, he proposed a different approach at the May summit in Cebu. He cited Myanmar leader Min Aung Hlaing's visits to Malaysia and Cambodia as signs of progress, suggesting that engagement could eventually help resolve the conflict. However, the renewed diplomacy has not reduced violence, with a military airstrike on a market in Rakhine State killing 50 people on 28 September. Critics warned that engagement could legitimise the regime without securing accountability or meaningful progress towards peace.

("Philippine President Hails Diplomatic Engagement with Myanmar's Regime," The Irrawaddy, 12 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Youth unemployment rises to 17.8 per cent; reaches 22.4 per cent amongst women
On 12 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka’s youth unemployment rate reached 17.8 per cent in the second quarter of 2026, with 150,684 people aged 15–24 unemployed. The gender disparity remained substantial, with unemployment among young women at 22.4 per cent compared with 15.5 per cent amongst men. Among those aged 25–29, unemployment stood at 12.1 per cent rising to 19.1 per cent for women. Educated job seekers also faced difficulties, with unemployment among those holding GCE Advanced Level qualifications or higher at 6.7 per cent. Overall unemployment was 4 per cent while female labour-force participation remained particularly low at 32.7 per cent compared with 70.3 per cent for men.
(“Youth unemployment hits 17.8%, rises to 22.4% among women,” Daily Mirror, 12 October 2026)

Maldives: Former President warns middle powers could carve up spheres of influence

On 12 October, First Post reported that former President Mohamed Nasheed voiced concern among smaller countries over the growing alignment of middle powers, speaking at the Sagarmanthan conference organised by the Observer Research Foundation and India's Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways. Former President Nasheed said such powers could carve out spheres of influence much as European powers divided Africa at the 1884-85 Berlin Conference, as the Atlantic alliance weakens following US President Donald Trump's break with European allies. He warned that small countries could be left with no say, saying "the United Nations must survive," and expressed concern that the world was moving toward an 18th and 19th-century order.

("'God help us if they carve spheres of influence': Ex-Maldives President Nasheed on middle powers," First Post, 12 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Dar warns Taliban to stop arms support for TTP and others

On 12 October, Afghanistan International reported that Pakistan's Foreign Minister, Ishaq Dar, warned the Taliban of consequences if it failed to act against terrorism originating from Afghanistan. Dar urged the Taliban to stop providing weapons and assistance to militant groups, including Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). At the Islamabad Strategic Studies Institute's international conference held on 12 October, Dar said that Pakistan's primary demand was that Afghan territory not be used for terrorism. Taliban's spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid rejected Islamabad's criticism, urging Pakistan to address its internal crises instead of blaming Afghanistan. Meanwhile, Pakistan's Information and Broadcasting Minister, Attaullah Tarar, claimed that over 20,000 militants, including 6,000 TTP members, were present in Afghanistan. Additionally, on 29 September 2026, Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, also warned that regional security threats, specifically terrorist groups in Afghanistan, posed a threat to countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States.

("Pakistan Warns Taliban Of Consequences Over Failure To Combat Terrorism," Afghanistan International, 12 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#75, 12 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
IMF-World Bank Annual Meeting: AI fuels 3 per cent global economic growth amid job disruption; Singapore warns of fewer graduate jobs
On 12 October, Reuters reported on International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva stating that a massive investment in AI infrastructure is maintaining global economic growth at roughly 3 per cent, even as it threatens a "slow-moving tsunami" of labour market disruption. Speaking at the IMF-World Bank annual meetings in Bangkok, Georgieva noted that AI investments could boost growth in advanced Asian economies by up to a percentage point, effectively offsetting demographic pressures from shrinking workforces in countries like China, Japan, and South Korea. However, IMF research indicates AI will impact 40 per cent of global jobs, rising to 60 per cent in advanced economies disrupting labour markets, taxation, and education systems. While World Bank President Ajay Banga expressed optimism for "small AI" productivity tools in emerging markets, Singapore President Tharman Shanmugaratnam warned that declining demand for entry-level graduate jobs risks widening the divide between advanced and developing economies. Meanwhile, top finance officials from the US, India, and Spain skipped the gathering to address domestic priorities, while Saudi Arabia's minister attended despite drone attacks disrupting flights in Riyadh.
(“IMF says AI investment keeps global growth around 3% but brings massive disruption,” Reuters, 12 October 2026; “Productivity gains from AI could help offset Asia's ageing population problem, IMF says,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

The UK: AI Minister warns of inevitable cyber breaches; calls for stronger defences and safety regulation
On 12 October, Reuters reported that the UK’s AI Minister, Kanishka Narayan, warned that it is "likely, if not inevitable" that the country's cyber defences will eventually be breached, citing a recent incident where a rogue OpenAI agent hacked an Australian government website. Speaking at a press conference, Narayan outlined plans to deploy advanced AI models to bolster national defences, expanding on pilot programs that have already patched over 1,000 government system vulnerabilities. He urged major AI developers to heed safety warnings and refrain from releasing systems with unmanageable risks. Narayan also confirmed that the UK’s AI Security Institute is conducting pre-release evaluations of frontier models in coordination with the US government, while new protections may be introduced under the upcoming Cyber Security and Resilience Bill. The announcement comes amid growing global anxiety over autonomous AI agents operating outside human control, underscored by top safety experts warning of catastrophic risks without strict regulatory oversight.
(“AI minister warns 'likely' UK's cyber defences will be breached,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

AI AND DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN WARFARE
The War in Ukraine: drone strikes force shutdown of Yandex data centres, disrupting Russia’s digital services and AI infrastructure
On 12 October, Reuters reported that Russia’s tech giant Yandex said that a drone attack damaged its infrastructure, forcing the complete shutdown of its data centre in the Vladimir region east of Moscow. The company reported no injuries from the strike, though several user services experienced disruption as a result of the outage. The attack marks the third Yandex facility crippled by Ukraine’s drone strikes in consecutive days, following damage to its Kaluga region facility on 09 October and a shutdown at its Sasovo hub, which houses two primary supercomputers driving the firm's artificial intelligence models. Often dubbed "Russia's Google," Yandex plays a critical role in the country’s digital infrastructure and AI development, but recent coordinated strikes against its key data hubs have severely compromised its operational capabilities.
(“Russia's Yandex says data centre in Vladimir area shut down after drone attack,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

AI SAFETY AND REGULATION
Microsoft calls for global AI safety regulation, independent testing and emergency controls for advanced AI systems
On 12 October, Reuters reported on Microsoft President Brad Smith warning that AI urgently requires global safety regulation and independent evaluation, noting that advanced AI technology currently faces fewer safety requirements than a carton of milk or a household washing machine. Speaking to the BBC, Smith advocated for mandatory incident reporting, built-in "emergency brakes" for uncontrollable platforms, and formal notifications to victims of breaches caused by rogue AI agents. He identified the UK as uniquely positioned to lead international regulatory efforts due to its AI Security Institute, which tests frontier models prior to deployment under voluntary agreements with leading tech developers. Smith’s remarks arrive amid a growing global debate over the existential risks of unmonitored AI agents, as UK officials evaluate potential legal frameworks to regulate advanced models if current self-regulatory measures prove insufficient. 
(“Microsoft president says milk faces more regulation than AI,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS 
China and EU: Beijing and Brussels reach preliminary deal to halve China’s hybrid vehicle exports and ease trade tensions
On 12 October, Reuters reported that China and the EU have reached a landmark understanding to reduce China’s exports of hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles to the “27-nation bloc” by more than half over four years, as stated by European Trade Commissioner Maros Sefcovic. The deal, struck after months of intense negotiations, aims to address a ballooning trade deficit that exceeds EUR 1 billion daily and has severely pressured European automakers like Volkswagen. Under the agreement, Beijing will also lower import duties on roughly EUR 4 billion worth of Europe-based goods including car parts, olive oil, and footwear, while streamlining export licensing for critical rare earths and permanent magnets via a fast-track "green channel." European Commission leaders will review the preliminary accord in Brussels next week to determine if it sufficiently rebalances bilateral trade relations following years of escalating disputes over state-subsidised exports.
(“China, EU strike deal to halve Chinese hybrid exports,” Reuters, 12 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#446, 10 October 2026
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti 

The War in Ukraine: Russia strikes Zaporizhzhia as US lifts sanctions on Russian diesel and talks continue with Europe
On 10 October, Reuters reported that UKraine's city of Zaporizhzhia was attacked by Russia, killing 12 people. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy stated "Today, Russia said thank you ​[the US] for the lifting of sanctions on diesel exports by dropping five glide bombs on residential buildings in Zaporizhzhia." This statement comes as the US lifted sanctions on Russian diesel exports and as Russia's President Vladimir Putin said after a call with Trump that an immediate resumption of ‌peace ⁠talks was unlikely. Moreover, this further comes as negotiators from the US, Europe, and Ukraine met in Miami to discuss a post-war package to Ukraine, security guarantees, and an end to the war. 
("Russian attack on Ukrainian city kills 12, a day after Trump eases diesel sanctions on Moscow," Reuters, 10 October 2026; "US-Ukraine-European negotiators meet in Miami as Trump announces diesel deal with Russia," Reuters, 10 October 2026)

Ethiopia: Fores regain control of Adigrat after reported Eritrean incursion
On 10 October, Reuters reported that Ethiopia's government forces and allied militia fighters entered Adigrat in the northern Tigray region days after Eritrea's troops reportedly withdrew from positions near the strategic city. Residents reported seeing and military vehicles patrolling the city, about 30 kilometers from Eritrea's border. Reuters could not independently confirm whether Ethiopia's forces had taken control of Adigrat. Ethiopia told the United Nations Security Council this week that Eritrea's troops had advanced up to 60 kilometers into Tigray. Eritrea denied the incursion, accusing Ethiopia of seeking to justify a war of aggression. Tensions have intensified over Ethiopia's push for sovereign access to the Red Sea and mutual accusations of supporting armed groups. This reportedly marks the biggest escalation since the 2020-2022 civil war in Tigray which killed hundreds of thousands.
("Ethiopian forces regain control of border city after reported Eritrean incursion," Reuters, 10 October 2026)

Belgium: Thousands march in Brussels against austerity as clashes erupt between protesters and police
On 10 October, Reuters reported that thousands of union members and students marched through Brussels in a nationwide strike against Belgium’s planned austerity measures and budget cuts, which labour leaders argue unfairly target workers, pensioners, and low-income households. While the main demonstration of roughly 30,000 people was largely peaceful, isolated clashes erupted near Brussels Central Station, where masked protesters threw rocks, bricks, and fireworks at police and damaged public property. Authorities responded with water cannons and tear gas, detaining or arresting 21 individuals, including 13 minors, while firefighters extinguished several blazes. Prime Minister Bart De Wever defended the fiscal reforms as necessary to prevent a crippling debt spiral, even as demonstrators decried rising education costs, overcrowded classrooms, and the heavy burden of the deficit reduction efforts.
(“Protesters clash with police in Brussels as unions and students march,” Reuters, 10 October 2026)

Taiwan: President Lai vows to defend freedom and deter aggression as Beijing condemns National Day speech
On 10 October, Reuters reported that Taiwan’s President Lai Ching-te, during his National Day address, declared that Taiwan cherishes peace but will not surrender its freedom, stressing that building up defence capabilities aims to deter aggression rather than provoke conflict. Speaking at the crowd in Taipei, Lai said that Taiwan should not be subordinate to Beijing and advocated for equal and dignified exchanges and regional democratic unification to ensure stability. The Taiwan Affairs Office of China immediately condemned the speech for its distortion of facts, separatist agenda and mainland threats. The political meeting comes amid worsening military tensions between Taiwan and China, with the US State Department calling regular China Coast Guard visits to Taiwan's strategic eastern coast and the presence of maritime militia vessels off the island's coast as "deeply destabilising". Beijing faces Washington's request that it stop pressuring Taiwan, which is also modernizing its military in the face of pending approval of a USD 14 billion US arms package.
(“Taiwan won't give up freedom, Lai says; Beijing slams 'ulterior motives',” Reuters, 10 October 2026)

Mexico: Major tourist sites threatened as Hurricane Simon intensifies
On 09 October, Reuters reported the rapid intensification of Hurricane Simon off Mexico's Pacific coast. It packed sustained winds of 177 kilometers per hour ​churning toward the coastline dotted with beach resorts and fishing towns, said the ​US National Hurricane Center. Bordering Category three strength, the hurricane is forecast ⁠to become a dangerous Category four as it approaches Mexico's southwestern and west-central Pacific coast, some of the country's most popular tourist regions, said the NHS. Hurricane Simon is expected to make landfall on 11 October between Manzanillo, Mexico’s largest port and main gateway for trade with Asia, and Puerto Vallarta, a popular beach destination with nearly 300,000 residents. In Manzanillo, fishermen moved boats ashore as authorities closed beaches. The Mexican Navy activated emergency response personnel in Colima and restricted maritime traffic, closing ports to smaller vessels and barring larger ships from operating in Michoacan. 
("Hurricane Simon strengthens off Mexico's Pacific coast, threatens tourist region," Reuters, 09 October 2026)

Today in History 
10 October 1954: Viet Minh take control of Hanoi as Vietnam's division deepens after French defeat
On 10 October 1954, the communist Viet Minh formally took control of Hanoi and North Vietnam following their decisive victory over French colonial forces at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu earlier that year. Power was transferred as a result of the Geneva Conference agreements, which provisionally divided Vietnam into two parts: a communist North and a non-communist South, led by Ngo Dinh Diem. The supposed reunification elections that were to be held throughout the country were never authorized by Diem, despite the agreements that called for them by 1956; his power was concentrated in the South with Western support. This political deadlock added to the growing insurgency in the South and led to direct North Vietnam’s military involvement that would culminate in the fall of Saigon in April 1975, the Second Indochina War.
(“Viet Minh take control of North Vietnam,” History.com, 16 November 2009)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#243, 10 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Bhutan: Official bank of Gelephu Mindfulness City wins preliminary approval for presence in Abu Dhabi Global Market
On 09 October, Crypto News, citing Bitcoin.com News, reported that DK Bank received in-principle approval on 08 October from Abu Dhabi’s Financial Services Regulatory Authority to establish a presence in Abu Dhabi Global Market. Final authorisation is still required before it can offer custody, brokerage, payment and advisory services. The bank serves as the financial backbone of Gelephu Mindfulness City and sees Abu Dhabi as a gateway linking the Middle East, Asia, and global markets, aiming to attract foreign investment. The country’s state-run Druk Holdings holds about 518 BTC, down from over 13,000 BTC in 2024 and just under 7,000 BTC at the start of 2026, with proceeds from sales funding public services, health initiatives, and Gelephu.

(“From Bitcoin Mining to Global Banking, Bhutan Eyes Abu Dhabi,” Crypto News, 09 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka is positively considering the Makkah Defence Agreement, says the State Minister for Foreign Affairs
On 10 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humaiun Kobir said Bangladesh was positively considering the Makkah Defence Agreement. He said any decision would depend on national interests and whether Bangladesh’s peacekeeping expertise could contribute to regional peace and stability. Speaking at a seminar in Dhaka, Minister Kobir said the agreement could support peace in the Middle East and benefit Muslim nations. He also said Prime Minister Tarique Rahman had accepted an invitation from Saudi Arabia’s Crown Prince to visit the Kingdom. The Crown Prince had also expressed interest in visiting Bangladesh. Minister Humaiun Kobir described Bangladesh as a strong partner of Saudi Arabia in maritime security. He called for expanding bilateral cooperation beyond labour migration and remittances, including investment in renewable energy, infrastructure, healthcare, technology and agriculture. He also highlighted the need to send more highly skilled professionals to Saudi Arabia.
(“Humaiun: Bangladesh views Makkah Defence Agreement positively,” Dhaka Tribune, 10 October 2026)

Myanmar: Malaysia agrees to return 3,000 detainees but rules out recognising the junta government
On 10 October, Mizzima reported that Myanmar junta leader Min Aung Hlaing concluded a two-day official visit to Malaysia on 08 October. Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim pledged to facilitate the return of around 3,000 more Myanmar detainees after both countries verify their records. Myanmar navy ships are expected to collect them during the coming good-weather season. Anwar said 10,493 Myanmar nationals had already returned by air and sea this year. The two sides discussed cooperation in trade, investment, agriculture, education, healthcare, digital economy and security. However, no signed agreements were mentioned in the government statements. Malaysia’s Communications Minister Fahmi Fadzil said the talks did not constitute recognition of Myanmar’s government. Malaysia’s Foreign Ministry said the visit remained consistent with ASEAN’s Five-Point Consensus on Myanmar. ASEAN continues to exclude Myanmar’s leadership from its summits.
(“Min Aung Hlaing gets official welcome and a deal on 3,000 detainees in Malaysia, but Kuala Lumpur stops short of recognition,” Mizzima, 10 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Colombo avoids assisting stranded Iranian ships; weighs humanitarian assistance against strategic risks
On 09 October, The Hindu reported that Sri Lanka has no immediate plans to assist 19 Iranian oil tankers stranded in international waters near its coast, citing national interests and the risk of potential US secondary sanctions. The vessels, facing shortages of food, water and fuel, have reportedly been stranded following the resumption of the US naval blockade of the Strait of Hormuz. Despite acknowledging a moral obligation to assist ships in distress, Colombo is balancing humanitarian responsibilities against its dependence on both the United States and Iran as trading partners. The situation is largely reflective of Sri Lanka’s diplomatic and economic constraints amidst escalating tensions.
(“Sri Lanka says no immediate plan to help Iranian ships near its waters with depleting food, fuel,” The Hindu, 09 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Colombo and Beijing prepare to commemorate key milestones including their 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations and the 75th anniversary of the Rubber-Rice Pact
On 10 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka and China have begun preparations to commemorate two significant milestones in 2027. The 70th anniversary of diplomatic relations and the 75th anniversary of the Rubber-Rice Pact. Foreign Affairs Minister Vijitha Herath met China’s Ambassador Wei Huaxiang to discuss bilateral cooperation and anniversary arrangements. Signed in 1952, the Rubber-Rice Pact established an early foundation for economic cooperation, preceding formal diplomatic relations in 1957. The commemorations offer both countries an opportunity to celebrate their longstanding partnership and to further strengthen their economic and diplomatic ties. 
(“Sri Lanka, China to mark key diplomatic milestones in 2027,” Daily Mirror, 10 October 2026)

Maldives: One in five people experience symptoms of depression, reports Health Ministry 
On 10 October, Adhadhu reported that one in five people experience symptoms of depression, according to the Health Ministry, citing the STEPwise approach to Surveillance survey (STEP) conducted between 2020 and 2021. The ministry said mental health had become one of the most significant public health concerns, with activities planned to mark World Mental Health Day under the theme “Lived experiences heard: real voices, real change.” The government is expanding psychiatric services in atolls and regional hospitals and working to establish a 50-bed psychiatric hospital in Hulhumalé for long-term treatment and rehabilitation. Main events, including a community colour run and a resilient family fair, were scheduled for 09 to 10 October in Kaafu Kaashidhoo. Authorities noted that many people remain hesitant to seek help due to stigma.

(“One in five Maldivians suffer from depression symptoms,” Adhadhu, 10 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Turkey's head of Foreign Relations Commission urges Afghan students to return home and rebuild their country upon completion of education
On 10 October, Afghanistan International reported that Turkey's head of the Foreign Relations Commission of the Turkish Parliament, Fuat Oktay, urged Afghan students studying in Turkey to return home after completing their education and contribute to Afghanistan’s development. According to a statement from the Afghan Students Council made on 09 October, Oktay said about 10,000 Afghan students were studying in Turkey. He described Afghanistan as a country rich in natural resources, with capable human resources and a young population, whose potential could accelerate national development. Drawing on his own experience of studying abroad, Oktay encouraged students to apply their knowledge and expertise to rebuilding their country. Afghan Students Council representative Sayed Sulaiman Nabil said students were considering Afghanistan’s future and ways to strengthen its foreign policy and international engagement.
("Turkish official urges Afghan students to return to build their country," Afghanistan International, 10 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#445, 09 October 2026
Avaneesh S, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Samraksha Mukund 

Ethiopia and Eritrea: Ethiopian troops to be mobilized after Eritrean forces advance into Tigray region
On 09 October, Reuters reported that Ethiopia’s Foreign Minister Gedion Timothewos stated that Eritrea has launched an “all-out invasion,” and that they have no option but to defend itself in a letter addressing the UN. He further stated that Eritrean forces have advanced up to 60 kilometers in the Tigray region, with the Ethiopian military carrying out drone strikes against the advancing troops. In a social media post, Eritrea’s Information Minister Yemane Gebremeskel stated that Ethiopia has “been pursuing, in effect, an unprovoked war of aggression against Eritrea for more than three ​years,” but did not address the ongoing troop deployment into Ethiopia. Moreover, Ethiopia has also accused Eritrea of supporting rebel groups which have been engaging the government since September in the regions of Tigray, Amhara and Afar.
(“Ethiopia says it must defend itself against Eritrea's 'all-out invasion',” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

France: Students vow to keep fighting following first win
On 09 October, Reuters reported that France's student unions vowed to continue protests following their first win. This comes after the government pledged to deploy 3,000 qualified teachers to address staffing shortages, with 141 schools still shut across the country. The protests, now in their third week, have gained support from elite universities amid growing anger over poor school conditions and spending cuts linked to France's budget crunch. In response, Education Minister Geffray said that the ministry was urgently contacting teachers who could be sent to schools with the most pressing needs. This comes as nearly 10 per cent of teaching hours remain unstaffed at France's state high schools, raising concerns about growing social inequality. Student and teacher unions have called for another round of nationwide school strikes on Tuesday. The movement has also reportedly spread to Belgium.
("French student protesters vow to keep up their fight after scoring first win," Reuters, 09 October 2026)

Yemen and Saudi Arabia: Three Saudis killed in Houthi attack on Riyadh, as war escalates
On 09 October, Reuters reported that Saudi authorities stated that three citizens were killed in Houthi missile attacks on the Riyadh airport. The kingdom is reported to have tried to shut down its airspace due to the escalating conflict. The strikes that took place damaged aircrafts, sending smoke billowing over the airport. This led to many airlines cancelling flights just days before the it was due to host a major meeting of oil chiefs. Saudi Arabia launched overnight airstrikes against Houthi targets in Sanaa. The Saudi-led coalition reported the destruction of three missile launch platforms, while the Houthis continued parading Saudi airspace, oil facilities, and international shipping. Fighting has intensified along Yemen’s Red Sea coast, particularly near the strategic Bab el-Mandeb Strait, as government forces attempt to reverse Houthi territorial gains. Moreover, Saudi Arabia is seeking assistance from Pakistan and Turkey. Attacks have disrupted Riyadh airport operations, prompting flight cancellations and aviation safety warnings amid concerns over global energy supplies.
("Houthi strikes on Riyadh airport killed three Saudis as war escalates," Reuters, 09 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: President Zelenskyy accuses the US of inaction as Russia's strikes kill over 70
On 08 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky accused the US of being unwilling to help Kyiv after Russian strikes killed over 70 and wounded 215 in the past two days. Speaking to reporters at a bombed apartment complex in Kramatorsk, Zelensky alleged that the US is intending to develop economic ties with Russia alongside mediation efforts. He also requested the US to expand SpaceX’s Starlink satellite service to help target Russian ballistic-missile launchers. This comes in the backdrop of Russia striking several regions and cities in the past two days, with the heaviest death toll of 35 being at Kramatorsk, followed by 22 in Pryluky and several others in Dnipropetrovsk, Ivano-Frankivsk and Kyiv.
(“Zelenskiy accuses US of inaction as Russian strikes kill over 70 in two days,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The US-Iran Conflict: President Trump rules out US attacks on Iran before midterm elections
On 08 October, Reuters reported that President Trump stated that the US would "not [be] attacking Iran anytime prior" to the midterm congressional elections. He asserted that the US was having "productive talks with the Islamic Republic of Iran" about ending the six-month-old war in a post on Truth Social. Reuters reported that the war contributed to the downward trend of the President's domestic approval ratings, and that it was weighing heavily on his party members.  Moreover, Trump rejected Iran’s latest proposal to end the conflict and reopen the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz. Iran’s state media said that Tehran would not abandon uranium enrichment or surrender its uranium stockpile, after US Vice President JD Vance demanded "meaningful" reductions in its enrichment capacity. The US and its allies continue to accuse Iran of pursuing nuclear weapons, a claim Tehran denies.
("Trump says US will not attack Iran before midterm elections in November," Reuters, 08 October 2026)

Today in History
09 October 1962: Uganda gains independence from British rule
On 09 October 1962, Uganda gained independence from British rule. Their path to independence was reportedly shaped by political reforms under British Governor Sir Andrew Cohen, including efforts to expand African representation in the Legislative Council, promote cooperative farming and establish the Uganda Development Corporation. Moreover, the political landscape was characterized by rivalries between the Democratic Party (DP) and the Uganda People's Congress (UPC), alongside tensions over the traditional authority of the Buganda kingdom. Despite initial attempts at political cooperation, disagreements among political leaders contributed to instability following independence. Uganda subsequently experienced military coups and prolonged periods of political turmoil, eventually gaining independence.
("Uganda Gains Independence," EBSCO)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#242, 09 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Recent UNICEF report cautions that Nepal is unlikely to eliminate child marriage by 2030 
On 09 October, The Himalayan reported that a new UNICEF report, “Ending Child Marriage in Nepal: A Decade of Data and a Call to Action,” warns that Nepal is unlikely to eliminate child marriage by 2030 without accelerated intervention. The proportion of women aged 20-24 married before 18 declined from 37 per cent in 2014 to 28 per cent in 2024-25, while marriage before 15 fell from 10 per cent to 05 per cent. However, progress remains unequal, with girls from the poorest households 4.4 times more likely to marry before 18 than those from the wealthiest families. Education is crucial to prevention, as completing secondary school significantly reduces girls’ vulnerability. However, poverty and barriers to schooling increase risks, particularly among marginalised communities. UNICEF also warns that climate related disasters, including floods, disrupt education and household incomes, potentially increased child marriage and violence. It urges targeted assistance, stronger child protection systems, continued schooling, action against harmful social norms and greater investment in programmes empowering girls and supporting families.
(“Nepal off track to end child marriage by 2030, UNICEF says,” The Himalayan, 09 October 2026)

Bhutan: Gelephu braces for 100,000 visitors as 108 stupas are constructed in a single day
On 09 October, Daily Bhutan reported that Gelephu was preparing to host an estimated 100,000 people on 01 November, when 108 Buddhist stupas are scheduled to be completed together in a single day as part of Project 108 within Gelephu Mindfulness City. Around 84,000 people had registered by 08 October, with hotels nearing capacity, more than 30,000 vehicles registered for travel, and visitors from around 20 countries expected to attend. Authorities have announced traffic and parking restrictions, including a ban on private vehicles entering the town from 01 to 04 November, with around 100 buses and 1,500 taxis arranged for transport. Trained construction teams, rather than visitors, will complete the 15-metre Jangchub Chorten structures, with the Je Khenpo expected to arrive on 21 October to lead prayers.
(“Gelephu Prepares for 100,000 Visitors as 108 Stupas Rise in a Single Day,” Daily Bhutan, 09 October 2026)

Bangladesh: US pledges increased aid for Rohingya refugees
On 08 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the United States has decided to increase its financial assistance for Rohingya refugees sheltered in Bangladesh. US Charge d’Affaires ad interim Eric Geelan conveyed the decision during a meeting with State Minister for Foreign Affairs Shama Obaed Islam in Dhaka. Minister Shama Obaed Islam welcomed the decision and thanked the US government for its commitment to humanitarian assistance. The meeting also covered bilateral cooperation on human trafficking, energy, and educational and training opportunities through the Fulbright programme. Both sides discussed the US State Department’s annual Trafficking in Persons Report and further cooperation to combat trafficking. Eric Geelan also sought Bangladesh’s support for US candidates in upcoming elections to the United Nations and affiliated bodies. Minister Shama assured him that Dhaka would give due consideration to the requests. They also discussed opportunities to expand cooperation in emerging technologies following a recent Bangladeshi delegation’s visit to Silicon Valley.
(“US decides to increase Rohingya humanitarian assistance,” Dhaka Tribune, 08 October 2026)

Myanmar: More than two-thirds of population face poverty or risk of falling into it, says UN
On 09 October, The Irrawaddy reported that more than 37 million people, or 68 per cent of Myanmar’s population, are experiencing or at risk of multidimensional poverty, according to a new United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) report. Based on a nationwide household survey of nearly 7,500 people in 2025, the report found that around 18 million people were multidimensionally poor, while over 19 million were vulnerable to poverty. Rural communities faced greater deprivation than urban populations. Rakhine State recorded the most severe poverty, affecting approximately 1.66 million people, while Sagaing Region had around 2.38 million people experiencing less severe poverty. Low education levels, insecure employment, rising prices, natural disasters and armed conflict were identified as major drivers. The UNDP called for targeted assistance to conflict-affected areas and vulnerable communities.
(“Over Two-Thirds of Myanmar’s Population Poor or at Risk of Poverty: UN,” The Irrawaddy, 09 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Domestic spending patterns and consumer behaviour changes post the crisis 
On 09 October, The Island reported that as per a Boston Consulting Group report, developed with the Ceylon Chamber of Commerce, found that Sri Lanka’s household consumption has reached approximately LKR 09 trillion in real terms, but consumer behaviour has changed following the economic crisis. The middle class accounts for 70 per cent of spending, with rural households representing 56 per cent of this group. Although 77 per cent expect higher expenditure, only 38 per cent anticipate rising incomes. Consumers are now prioritising essentials, relying on word of mouth, increasingly using digital platforms, exploring generative AI, and adopting digital banking for routine transactions.
(“Sri Lanka’s household consumption has recovered, but the consumer has changed,” The Island, 09 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Qosh Tepa Canal construction progresses; Uzbek government stresses need for talks with Taliban over water management
On 09 October, Afghanistan International reported that on 08 October, during the eighth Consultative Meeting of the Heads of State of Central Asia and Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan’s President Shavkat Mirziyoyev stressed the need for continuous, structured talks with the Taliban on water management and comprehensive regional cooperation to tackle water scarcity and climate pressures across Central Asia. The meeting was held in the Awaza region in Turkmenistan. Uzbekistan has called on Afghanistan to take part in regional water management mechanisms in the past. The Taliban’s construction of the Qosh Tepa Canal in northern Afghanistan, which will divert water from the Amu Darya and could potentially reduce the river’s flow, affecting Uzbekistan’s and Turkmenistan’s water supplies and agriculture, has been one of Uzbekistan’s main concerns. The Uzbek government has even offered technical assistance to reduce water losses from the project.
(“Uzbek President calls for regular water talks with Taliban,” Afghanistan International, 09 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Due to tensions with Pakistan, Iran offers part of Chabahar port for alternate trade route
On 09 October, Afghanistan International reported that Iran and Afghanistan have reached a preliminary agreement to allocate more than 110 hectares of land of Chabahar port for Afghan commercial activities and investment. On 08 October, Iranian MP Mohsen Zangeneh told Sahar TV that discussions with the Taliban’s industry minister had covered establishing an Afghan area within the Chabahar Free Zone. He said Afghanistan’s request for additional coastal land remained unresolved due to limited availability. Talks also addressed industrial cooperation, a joint industrial park and increasing bilateral trade to USD 10 billion. Zangeneh described the understanding as a continuation of the 2016 trilateral agreement between Iran, India and Afghanistan. Amid tensions with Pakistan and border closures, Chabahar offers Afghanistan an alternative trade route and strengthens regional economic cooperation.
(“More than 110 hectares in Chabahar to be allocated to Afghanistan, says Iranian MP,” Afghanistan International, 09 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#74, 09 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

South Korea and Japan: Seoul, Tokyo step up cyber defences as AI lowers barrier for hackers
On 09 October, Reuters reported that companies in South Korea and Japan are rushing to bolster their cyber defences following a wave of attacks that cybersecurity experts say demonstrates how AI is lowering technical barriers for less-skilled hackers. Nine South Korea-based banks and major Japan-based firms, including Daiwa Securities and SoftBank, were recently targeted in incidents where AI tools helped automate vulnerability scanning and bypass language barriers. According to TrendAI data, Japan recorded more cybersecurity incidents in the first nine months of 2026 than in all of 2025, while South Korea saw ransomware and DDoS attacks jump over 50 per cent in the first half of the year. In response, regulators in both countries have ordered industry-wide security assessments and emergency inter-agency reviews to upgrade defences against AI-assisted threats.
(“South Korea, Japan buffeted by hacks as AI lowers bar for cybercriminals,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

China: Beijing moves to curb tech investment bubbles and tighten AI risk controls
On 08 October, Reuters reported that China issued new policy guidelines aimed at curbing tech investment bubbles while ensuring artificial intelligence remains "safe, reliable and controllable." As Beijing accelerates its push for technological self-reliance, the Communist Party and cabinet warned local officials against blind investments, redundant expansions, and "swarm-like" rushes into emerging tech sectors, cautioning that officials will be held accountable for major losses. The guidelines call for strengthening core AI breakthroughs, expanding computing supply, establishing monitoring and risk-warning systems, and fully implementing the "AI Plus" initiative across traditional manufacturing and autonomous systems. Additionally, the mandate seeks to foster orderly development in the low-altitude economy, emphasising disruptive innovation anchored strictly to the real economy.
(“China vows to curb tech bubbles, keep AI risks in check,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

AI AND DIGITAL INFRASTRUCTURE IN WARFARE
The War in Ukraine: Kyiv strikes Yandex data centres for the second day, disrupting key AI infrastructure
On 09 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine struck and partly disabled Yandex’s Kaluga data centre in a drone attack, marking the second consecutive day Kyiv targeted Russia’s tech giant’s critical infrastructure in a response to Moscow’s strikes on Ukraine’s data hubs. The strike follows an attack that shut down Yandex’s Sasovo hub in the Ryazan region, home to two of the three supercomputers used to train its YandexGPT AI model. Yandex, whose shares fell 4.5 per cent on the Moscow exchange, warned the strikes hit the core of its operations and threatened services for millions of consumers and B2B clients. President Zelenskiy confirmed the mirror-like response, while FP-1 drone maker Firepoint claimed multiple modules at Yandex’s largest facility were knocked out. As the conflict broadens into digital and e-commerce infrastructure, Yandex has partnered with external cloud providers to help clients rapidly migrate data and maintain business continuity.
(“Ukraine expands drone strikes on data centres owned by Russia's Yandex,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

HYPERSONIC WEAPONS
South Korea: Seoul tests first hypersonic glide vehicle, as President Lee pushes advanced weapons development
On 08 October, Reuters reported that South Korea has successfully tested its first national hypersonic glide vehicle, a mission that was personally supervised by President Lee Jae Myung. The test comes after North Korea's recent hypersonic missile launch and follows a recent increase in tensions on the peninsula after three South Korean soldiers were injured by a landmine explosion. Lee emphasised the strategic asset, stating that hypersonic propulsion, artificial intelligence weapons and lasers must be developed and deployed immediately, arguing that they will be "self-reliant defence" for Seoul, a stark warning to Pyongyang and a push for the city's bid to get back to the wartime operational control from the US.
(“South Korea's Lee oversees first test of a hypersonic missile,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

US IMMIGRATION AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY
The US: Trump administration freezes green-card processing for major tech firms, probes nine universities
On 09 October, Reuters reported that the Trump administration suspended green-card processing under the Permanent Labor Certification (PERM) program for major tech firms, including Microsoft, Adobe, and top IT outsourcers, while launching probes into nine prominent research universities, citing efforts to combat fraud and protect domestic jobs. US Labor Department officials confirmed that new and pending permanent labour certifications will be halted indefinitely for named companies, including Cognizant, Infosys, and TCS. Vice President JD Vance condemned Microsoft for hiring foreign visa holders over Americans, but Microsoft argued most were extensions of existing employees. At the same time, federal officials sent subpoenas to elite colleges such as Harvard, Yale and Stanford regarding the "misuse" of exchange-visitor visas, financial relationships with foreign institutions, and foreign influences on research.
(“Trump administration freezes green cards for Microsoft, IT firms, probes universities,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

The US: Super Intelligence Task Force leaders to meet next week, as administration prepares security charter
On 08 October, Reuters reported that the four leaders of President Trump’s AI task force, also known as the "Super Intelligence Task Force," are scheduled to meet on 15 October, with a full committee session expected next week amid growing public pressure for AI regulation. Vice Chair Scott Kupor stated that the administration intends to demonstrate serious commitment to AI security and plans to release a formal charter outlining the group's responsibilities. Led by Intelligence Director Jay Clayton, alongside Kupor, FTC Chair Andrew Ferguson, and Defence Department official Emil Michael, the task force will deploy dedicated full-time staff to engage non-tech sectors including banking, healthcare, and utilities on AI-related cyber vulnerabilities while maintaining direct lines to AI developers.
(“Trump AI task force leaders to meet on Thursday, vice chair says,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
The EU:  European Commission selects 46 strategic critical raw material projects to cut reliance on China
On 09 October, Reuters reported that the European Commission selected 46 new strategic raw material projects to streamline permitting processes and assist in securing capital, aiming to diversify supply chains and reduce reliance on China. Requiring an estimated EUR 21.1 billion in total investment across 16 EU countries, the projects focus on key minerals like lithium, copper, nickel, and rare earths essential for defence, automotive, and renewable energy sectors. The initiative supports the EU's 2024 Critical Raw Materials Act targets to mine 10 per cent, process 40 per cent, and recycle 25 per cent of the bloc's annual needs by 2030. While strategic status does not automatically grant EU funding, Brussels will assist in connecting developers with public and private lenders to prevent project delays.
(“European Commission picks 46 new strategic critical mineral projects,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

CYBERSECURITY AND CYBERATTACKS
Italy: Foreign ministry says cyberattack thwarted without service disruption
On 09 October, Reuters reported that Italy’s foreign ministry announced that its official website had been targeted in a cyberattack, though security systems successfully neutralised the threat without experiencing any service disruption. In a statement, the ministry said the situation remains under continuous monitoring and that officials have not yet identified any suspects behind the incident. Authorities are currently conducting security checks to ascertain whether Italian diplomatic and consular missions abroad were targeted in similar cyberattacks.
(“Italy foreign ministry says it has come under cyber attack,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

The US: Washington seizes seven domains linked to China's Integrity Tech Group in hacking crackdown
On 09 October, Reuters reported that US authorities seized seven internet domains operated by China-based IT firm Integrity Technology Group in a fresh operation to dismantle hacking infrastructure used to scan and target critical global infrastructure. The US Department of Justice confirmed the action marks its second major disruption of the firm, following a September 2024 operation that dismantled an Integrity Tech botnet comprising over 250,000 compromised devices worldwide. According to US officials, the firm operates behind the state-linked cyber group "Flax Typhoon," conducting reconnaissance and intelligence gathering for Beijing's security apparatus. China's foreign ministry firmly rejected the allegations, stating Beijing opposes all hacking activity and calling for mutual respect and cooperation with Washington to address cyber risks.
(“US announces effort to disrupt hacking infrastructure run by China's Integrity Tech Group,” Reuters, 09 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#444, 08 October 2026
Avaneesh S and Yesasvi Koganti

Yemen: Government forces say 1,860 Houthis killed in its "Dawn of Yemen"  counteroffensive
On 08 October, Al Jazeera reported that Yemen killed 1,860 Houthis across 2,103 operations in its "Dawn of Yemen" counteroffensive, as stated by the government. Similarly, the group claimed responsibility for launching a ballistic missile at King Khalid International Airport near Riyadh to disrupt Saudi airspace. Escalating military engagements include intense rural fighting in Taiz and reported explosions near Hodeidah airport. This comes amid the broader regional instability, as Iran prepares a formal response to a US peace proposal while maintaining backchannel talks. 
(“Yemen war live: Gov’t forces say 1,860 Houthis killed in counteroffensive,” Al Jazeera, 08 October 2026)

France: Students protest intensifies in major cities entering the third week; Spreads into neighbouring Belgium   
On 08 October, Reuters reported that high school students in France blocked hundreds of campuses and marched across major cities for a third consecutive week, protesting overcrowded classrooms, dilapidated facilities, and severe teacher shortages in a growing crisis that has triggered police clashes and spread into neighbouring Belgium. The demonstrations, spurred by frustration over underfunded public services and falling national academic standing, have intensified financial and political pressure on Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's administration as rising sovereign debt and surging bond yields restrict government spending ahead of upcoming elections. Though Lecornu promised a rapid, fully funded emergency response by late October, political opponents remain sharply divided, with far-left leaders joining marches to support students while far-right figures demand stricter penalties and deeper budget cuts.
(“France protests live: High school students rally over conditions, tensions flare in Belgium,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The US and Russia: Washington, Moscow explore potential Nord Stream gas deal to revive European energy supplies
On 08 October, Reuters reported that US and Russia's officials, including US Special Envoy Jared Kushner and Kremlin Adviser Kirill Dmitriev, had preliminary talks to revive a US investor's role in the sanctioned Nord Stream gas pipelines to resume energy supplies to Europe after the war in Ukraine concludes. The plan, presented by Kushner as a commercial incentive to promote peace, calls for Washington to provide financial support through a new organization, possibly the United States International Development Finance Corporation (DFC), and possible purchases of Lukoil assets in the future. The plan is fraught with legal and political challenges, however, such as tough US and EU sanctions, objections from the White House and other European partners, such as Germany and Poland.
(“US, Russia explore gas sale to Europe amid Ukraine war, say sources,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

China and Taiwan: China’s militia boat spotted for the first time east of Taiwan island
On 08 October, Reuters reported that a China’s militia boat was spotted alongside two vessels off Taiwan’s eastern coastline, marking the first known sighting in the eastern region. The militia boat, identified by Apex Aviation as the Minfudingyu 07902, was spotted alongside a China’s coast guard vessel and a research vessel. The Minfudingyu is part of the People’s Liberation Army’s maritime militia fleet. Taiwan’s Defence Ministry stated that the use of coast guard and scientific vessels acts “as cover for harassment, seeking to expand their scope of operations during a non-conflict scenario to create an illusion of de facto jurisdiction.” 
(“China militia boat spotted for first time off Taiwan's east coast, patrol finds,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The US and Greece: Secretary of State Rubio announces new counterterrorism initiative with Athens
On 07 October, Reuters reported that the US and Greece are launching a new counter-terrorism information sharing initiative between their law enforcement agencies. Announced by Secretary of State Marco Rubio alongside Greece’s Foreign Minister George Gerapertritis at Athens, he stated that they’ve signed a MoU with Greece, establishing the joint security program. He also characterized Greece as a “strong and model NATO ally.” Greece is also set to receive USD 4 billion in support for a long-term defence plan to increase interoperability between each other’s militaries.
(“Rubio says US, Greece to jointly combat security threats,” Reuters, 07 October 2026)

Denmark and Russia: Intelligence official claims Moscow has started sabotage operations on Denmark-based companies supplying Ukraine
On 07 October, Reuters reported that a Denmark’s intelligence official stated that Russia has begun sabotage operations on Danish companies supplying Ukraine as part of its hybrid warfare campaign. An anonymous official from Denmark’s National Security and Intelligence Service (PET), further added that Russia’s operational boldness is growing and that they are trying to hit targets which have a direct impact on the frontlines in Ukraine. The official cited a Russia’s defence ministry document, which listed alleged European drone and drone component manufacturers as potential military targets. Russia’s embassy in Copenhagen denied the allegations and accused Denmark’s authorities of making unfounded accusations against Russia. The PET official further alleged that Russia uses untrained individuals, usually homeless and drug addicted persons, to carry out reconnaissance and sabotage operations in exchange for cash.
(“Denmark says Russia has conducted sabotage attacks against its defense firms,” Reuters, 07 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#241, 08 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Bagmati province allocates NPR 25 million in grant to flood-affected local units
On 08 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that the Bagmati provincial government announced a grant of NPR 25 million for the 12 local units affected by the 26 August Bhotekoshi River floods and has sought an additional NPR one billion from the federal government for reconstruction of affected areas. The floods destroyed 2,300 homes and displaced as many families, and damaged roads, bridges, schools, health facilities, drinking-water and irrigation systems. Infrastructure damage was estimated at NPR 5.69 billion, while businesses and livelihoods suffered losses exceeding NPR 2.97 billion. The disaster also affected 973 hectares of farmland and severely affected the agricultural sector, as thousands of livestock and poultry were also killed. The provincial government recommended safe shelter, verified damage assessments, integrated reconstruction planning and prioritised resource mobilisation in response to the floods.
("Bagmati province seeks Rs1 billion for Bhotekoshi flood reconstruction," The Kathmandu Post, 08 October 2026)


Bangladesh: UAE based DP World to modernise NCT under 15 year concession
On 08 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Shipping Minister Shaikh Rabiul Alam said the 15-year concession agreement between the Chittagong Port Authority and UAE based DP World protects Bangladesh's financial and economic interests. DP World will operate and modernise the New Mooring Container Terminal (NCT). The agreement provides Bangladesh with USD 50 million in upfront signing money and includes USD 150 million in fresh investment for equipment upgrades, automation and digital integration. Bangladesh will retain ownership and sovereign control of the port. The NCT's capacity is expected to increase from around 1.23 million to 1.6 - 1.8 million twenty-foot equivalent units annually. Truck waiting time is targeted to fall from around 24 hours to one hour by the third year. Shipping Minister Shaikh Rabiul Alam said existing port workers would not lose their jobs because of the concession. The initial takeover and modernisation process is expected to be completed within six months.
(“Rabiul: NCT deal safeguards Bangladesh's interests,” Dhaka Tribune, 08 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Gas supply constraints push load shedding to 2,500 megawatts
On 08 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that 35 power plants remain shut amid fuel shortages, causing increased load shedding across Bangladesh. The shutdowns are mainly linked to inadequate gas supplies, while some plants are offline for maintenance, expired contracts or mechanical problems. Bangladesh Power Development Board officials said gas-fired plants are unable to operate at full capacity because of limited supplies. On 07 October, gas-fired plants required 2,524 million cubic feet per day, while available supply was only 895 million cubic feet. Liquid-fuelled plants are also facing difficulties because of their high operating costs. Load shedding reached 2,500 megawatts during peak demand. The Power Grid Company of Bangladesh recorded 2,040 megawatts of load shedding at 0100 hrs on 07 October. It declined to 859 megawatts at 0800 hrs before rising again to 1,161 megawatts at 1600 hrs. The situation has increased pressure on the country's power supply as several plants remain unavailable. 
(“Thirty five power plants shut, load shedding hits 2,500MW,” Dhaka Tribune, 08 October 2026)


Myanmar: Malaysia seeks return of 5,000 migrants
On 08 October, Mizzima, citing AFP, reported that Myanmar's leader Min Aung Hlaing arrived in Malaysia for his first visit since the 2021 coup. Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim invited him for talks on returning 5,000 Myanmar migrants from Malaysia. Leader Min Aung Hlaing arrived at Kuala Lumpur International Airport at 04:30 GMT. His spokeswoman said the agenda would include the “voluntary, dignified and safe” repatriation of Myanmar nationals in Malaysia. Nearly 1,500 migrants returned to Myanmar by ship on 04 October. Kuala Lumpur is preparing to return around 3,500 more people held in detention centres. Malaysia's Foreign Ministry said the talks would cover the safe repatriation of Myanmar nationals of all ethnic groups. The plan has raised concerns among rights monitors over the possible return of Rohingya to Myanmar. Rohingya account for around two-thirds of the 190,000 Myanmar refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia, according to UN data. Malaysia is the fifth ASEAN country to host Min Aung Hlaing since he became nominally civilian President.
(“Myanmar junta leader in Malaysia for migrant return talks,” Mizzima, 08 October 2026)


Afghanistan: Iran and Taliban meet over electricity expansion
On 08 October, Afghanistan International reported that on 07 October Iran and the Taliban discussed increasing Iranian electricity exports to Afghanistan to about 2,000 megawatts, alongside equipment supplies and joint investment in the energy sector. Iranian Energy Minister Abbas Aliabadi met Taliban Industry and Commerce Minister Nooruddin Azizi in Kabul following the Imam Abu Hanifa International Exhibition. The talks covered electricity exports, power-generation equipment, desalination facilities and broader economic cooperation. Iran currently supplies around 100-150 megawatts of electricity to Afghanistan, mainly serving western provinces, while higher exports would require additional infrastructure and capacity. Aliabadi also met Taliban Water and Energy Minister Mohammad Younus Akhundzada to discuss energy production, transmission and distribution. The discussions come as Tehran and the Taliban expand economic engagement, despite Iran itself facing electricity shortages and efforts to increase domestic generation capacity.
("Iran, Taliban Discuss Major Expansion Of Electricity Supplies To Afghanistan," Afghanistan International, 08 October 2026)

Maldives: Moody's upgrades Malés’ sovereign credit rating to Caa1
On 08 October, SunOnline International reported that Moody's upgraded the Maldives' sovereign credit rating from Caa2 to Caa1 with a stable outlook, citing a material reduction in near-term default risk following the repayment of major debt obligations this year. These included the USD 500 million sukuk in April, the USD 400 million Reserve Bank of India currency swap, USD 100 million in State Bank of India securities, and the rollover of a USD 100 million Eurobond until 2031. The Finance Ministry said the upgrade reflected stronger foreign exchange inflows, sustained access to bilateral and multilateral financing, and effective coordination between fiscal and monetary policy, with public debt falling to 122.6 per cent of GDP by July from 129.2 per cent at the end of 2025. Moody's warned the country still faced persistent fiscal, external, and liquidity risks, while the ministry noted the Middle East conflict continued to weigh on the economy through higher energy prices.

("Moody's upgrades Maldives' credit rating to Caa1," SunOnline International, 08 October 2026)


Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#74, 08 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

Zambia and the US: Lusaka negotiates Washington’s critical minerals deal after separating talks from USD 1.5 billion health pact
On 08 October, Reuters reported that Zambia is in negotiations with the US government over a critical minerals agreement after successfully "decoupling" those talks from a separate USD 1.5 billion healthcare funding pact signed, Foreign Minister Mulambo Haimbe announced. Zambia ranks as Africa's second-largest copper producer, had previously resisted US proposals that directly linked health sector assistance to expanded Washingtong’s access to its mineral reserves. Haimbe confirmed that while the health memorandum of understanding has been finalised, negotiations regarding mineral access remain ongoing, though he declined to specify which critical minerals are currently under consideration.
(‘Zambia says it is negotiating US minerals deal after 'decoupling' from health pact,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

South Korea: Banks across the country are likely targeted by China-based hacker using AI agent, CrowdStrike says
On 08 October, Reuters reported that recent cyberattacks targeting at least nine South Korea-based financial institutions were likely carried out by a financially motivated, China-based hacker using AI tools, as reported by cybersecurity firm CrowdStrike. Analysts traced the campaign to a 26-year-old suspect in Guangdong province after uncovering personal details leaked during interaction logs with Anthropic's Claude Code and ARTEX, an open-source China-based AI penetration testing tool. The breach, which compromised customer data at major institutions including Shinhan Bank and KB Kookmin Bank, underscores growing security concerns over malicious actors using autonomous AI agents to scale complex attacks rapidly.
(“South Korean banks were likely hacked by a China-based actor with an AI agent, CrowdStrike says,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

Netherlands and Ukraine: Netherlands’ firm deploys AI platform to integrate Ukraine's drone defences against Russian’s attacks
On 08 October, Reuters reported that Netherlands’ software startup Intelic is deploying its AI-powered command-and-control platform, Nexus, to help Ukraine’s forces coordinate disparate drone defence systems against escalating Russia’s missile and drone attacks. Supported by a EUR 30-million contract from the Netherlands’ Defence Ministry, the software acts as an integrative layer across various radars, sensors, and drone models from hundreds of European vendors, enabling field commanders to execute high-speed, automated interceptions. Netherlands military support for Ukraine’s drone capabilities has reached about EUR 1.4 billion since 2022, forming part of a broader European defence surge as rapidly evolving drone technology transforms modern aerial combat.
(“Dutch firm uses AI to help drone systems 'talk' on Ukraine's battlefield,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The US: FCC to vote on ban of China-based labs testing electronics for American market
On 08 October, Reuters reported that the US Federal Communications Commission will vote on 29 October to ban all China-based laboratories and certification bodies from testing electronic devices for the US market, expanding previous security restrictions on foreign testing facilities. Effective in December 2028, the rule targets countries that deny reciprocal access to US test labs, addressing concerns that over 80 per cent of US electronics were previously tested in China despite a lack of reciprocal agreements. To offset supply chain friction, the FCC plans a streamlined approval pathway for electronics tested within the US or allied countries posing no national security risks. The decision marks Washington's latest technological crackdown, following recent import bans on China’s drones, consumer routers, and telecom hardware from firms like Huawei and ZTE.
(“US FCC to vote to ban all Chinese labs from testing US electronics,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

Anthropic launches Claude Haiku 5.5 as AI startup expands model lineup ahead of IPO
On 08 October, Reuters reported that Anthropic released Claude Haiku 5.5, marking the third addition to its Claude 5.5 model family within a month as the AI startup expands its product line ahead of an expected initial public offering. Designed for high-speed tasks like text summarisation, data extraction, and live virtual assistant support, the lightweight model costs 75 per cent less than its predecessor, with pricing starting at USD 0.10 per million input tokens and USD 0.50 per million output tokens for standard prompts. The launch also introduces Anthropic's first built-in Haiku safeguards aimed at preventing high-risk cybersecurity misuse without affecting standard user workflows.
(“Anthropic launches third Claude 5.5 model, expanding AI lineup before planned IPO,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The US: US government, Google and Meta back USD 1.8 billion Biohub push to build AI biology datasets
On 07 October, Reuters reported that the US government and tech giants Meta Platforms and Alphabet are partnering with the nonprofit Biohub in a USD 1.8 billion initiative to build massive open datasets for training AI models in biological research. Meta, Google DeepMind, and Isomorphic Labs are jointly contributing USD 300 million, while the Department of Energy will invest over USD 500 million and the National Institutes of Health will coordinate USD 500 million in existing federal data repositories. The funding powers the Virtual Biology Initiative, aiming to standardise cellular response data into predictive AI models over five years to dramatically accelerate drug discovery. Participating commercial funders receive temporary embargo access to datasets before public release. The project joins broader industry pushes into AI biology, including recent wet-lab and funding expansions by Anthropic and OpenAI.
(“US government, Google join Zuckerberg-backed Biohub in S1.8 billion push for AI biology data,” Reuters, 08 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#443, 07 October 2026
Avaneesh S, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

France and Russia: Kremlin calls Paris's test nuclear launch part of "dead-end" anti-Moscow strategy 
On 07 October, Reuters reported that the Kremlin stated that France's test launch of a nuclear-capable ballistic missile off the coast of Brittany was Europe's attempt at building its defence identity around confrontation with the Russian Federation, describing the strategy as a "dead-end." This launch came amid active tensions over the war in Ukraine, where renewed warnings regarding the potential use of nuclear weapons to defend Russia and the exclave of Kaliningrad were observed. This comes as, on 06 October, President Macron ​hailed the test as ⁠a message "sent loud and clear for wherever it ​must be received," with no direct mention of Moscow. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov, when asked about the launch, ⁠told reporters that Russia had received France's message, calling it an example of what he called Europe's obsession with militarisation. He added that Moscow believed that "any problems should be resolved not through demonstrative missile launches, but through dialogue."
("Kremlin says France's test nuclear launch is part of 'dead end' anti-Russia strategy," Reuters, 07 October 2026)

Brazil: Ex-President Bolsonaro wins big without his name on the Ballot
On 06 October, Reuters reported that the former President Jair Bolsonaro emerged as the biggest winner of Brazil’s "blockbuster" election despite being banned from public office. His eldest son, Senator Flavio Bolsonaro, scored a victory over President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in the first round of the presidential election. Candidates from Bolsonaro’s right-wing Liberal Party won in large numbers, and four more members of his family won public office. His Liberal Party nearly doubled its bloc in the 81-seat Senate to 28 seats, its strongest result for a party since Brazil’s constitution was enacted in the 1980s. Bolsonaro and Lula, who received 47 per cent and 45 per cent of the vote respectively, will face each other in a second-round vote.
("Brazil ex-President Bolsonaro wins big without his name on the ballot," Reuters, 6 October 2026)

Yemen: Over 200,000 displaced as Houthis intensify attacks on Aden governorate
On 07 October, Reuters reported that the Houthis had attacked Aden’s international airport with ballistic missiles and drones amidst a Saudi-led offensive in the region around the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. The rapid advancement of the Houthis into Aden could reportedly threaten global shipping and oil flows from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait. The government of Yemen attempted to reclaim the city of Taiz and Dhubab, and advance to the mountains to its east, giving access to the rest of the coastline. Furthermore, the conflict has reportedly displaced over 200,000 people according to the  International Organisation for Migration. IOM Director Amy Pope stated that people have been displaced from over 10 governorates, and that they have nowhere else safe to go.
(“More than 200,000 people displaced since fighting in Yemen began, says UN agency,” Reuters, 07 October 2026; “Houthis attack Aden airport as fighting intensifies in Yemen,” 07 October 2026)

Saudi Arabia: Turkey provides defensive and technical support to Riyadh amid Houthi attacks
On 07 October, Reuters reported that Turkey is providing defensive and technical support, including air defence systems, drone operators, strategic planning, and intelligence sharing to assist Saudi Arabia against attacks by the Houthis. The support comes as part of the implementation of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement, signed in August by Turkey, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. The alliance agreed to a quick response to mobilisation, though officials said Ankara's assistance is currently "broadly defensive and bilateral" and that it needs to be formally ratified by Turkey's parliament.
(“Turkey sending technical, defensive support to Saudi Arabia to help fight Houthis, officials say,” Reuters, 07 October 2026)

Kenya: Nairobi confirms first Ebola case, raising concerns over cross-border spread from DRC
On 06 October, Al Jazeera reported that Kenya confirmed its first-ever Ebola case following the death of a Kenyan national in Nairobi who returned after living in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) for seven years. Kenya’s authorities have quarantined family members and healthcare workers, while tracing passengers and crew from his flight to contain potential local transmission. Ongoing armed conflict, mistrust and cuts to international aid in the DRC are significant response challenges for the disease, driven by the Bundibugyo strain, for which there is currently no specific vaccine or treatment. The World Health Organisation made no comment on whether the outbreak has ended, but noted that it is far from over, while not recommending any travel or trade restrictions at present in the affected East African countries.
(“Kenya confirms first Ebola case as man dies in Nairobi after DRC return,” Al Jazeera, 06 October 2026; “Kenya confirms first Ebola case as virus ‘surges’ in DR Congo province,” The Guardian, 06 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Russia unleashes heavy strikes on Pryluky, Kyiv with several killed
On 07 October, Reuters reported that Russia had launched a fresh wave of strikes on multiple cities including Kyiv, Pryluky, Oleksandria and Kremenchuk, killing at least 20 people and damaging industrial and energy facilities. President Volodymyr Zelenskyy characterised the attacks as one of the most “vile strikes” undertaken by Russia. The heaviest death toll comes from Pryluky, where a Russian ballistic missile struck an apartment complex, killing 14, including 4 children. Russia’s Defence Ministry stated that it carried out a “massive strike” on Ukraine’s military-industrial facilities across various cities. They further added that the target of the strikes was Ukraine’s Fire Point manufacturers and storage units, which produce Ukraine’s domestically developed Flamingo ballistic missiles. Ukraine’s Air Force stated that they downed 80 per cent of Russia’s jet-powered drones; however, they were unable to strike ballistic missiles. Zelensky further stated that they struck four targets in Russia, hitting two oil facilities and training facilities in the Perm, Samara, and Astrakhan regions.
(“Russia launches heavy strikes at Ukraine, killing at least 20,” Reuters, 07 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#240, 07 October 2026
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Bangladesh: Dhaka leads UNHRC resolution on AI and human rights
On 07 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that the United Nations Human Rights Council adopted by consensus its first-ever resolution on artificial intelligence, titled “Implications of Artificial Intelligence for the Promotion and Protection of Human Rights,” where Bangladesh served as the penholder and played a leading role in advancing the initiative. During the 63rd session of the UN Human Rights Council, Bangladesh joined Algeria, Austria, Egypt, Greece, Guyana, Kuwait and Nepal in steering the move. The resolution places human dignity, development, inclusion and international cooperation at the centre of discussions on AI and human rights. Bangladesh said continued engagement and cooperation among Member States and stakeholders would remain important as the initiative moves forward.
(“UNHRC adopts first-ever resolution on AI; Bangladesh acts as penholder,” Dhaka Tribune, 07 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Measles-related death toll reaches 1,140
On 07 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that six more children died from measles and measles-like symptoms in the last 24 hours, taking the overall death toll from the ongoing outbreak to 1,140. The Directorate General of Health Services classified four of the latest deaths as suspected and two as confirmed measles deaths. The number of suspected measles deaths has reached 1,036, while confirmed deaths stand at 104. Dhaka recorded the highest concentration of the latest fatalities, with two suspected and two confirmed deaths reported in both the Dhaka division and district. A total of 1,280 suspected measles cases were recorded during the 24 hour period, taking the overall suspected case tally to 200,293. Another 110 confirmed cases were reported, bringing the total number of confirmed infections to 22,020. Since 15 March, 177,676 suspected measles patients have been hospitalised across the country. Of these, 170,473 have recovered and been discharged.
(“Measles outbreak: Death toll reaches 1,140 as six die in 24 hours,” Dhaka Tribune, 07 October 2026)


Myanmar: President Min Aung Hlaing visits Malaysia for migrant return talks
On 07 October, The Irrawaddy reported that Myanmar President Min Aung Hlaing arrived in Malaysia for his first visit since the 2021 coup, at the invitation of Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. The two-day visit focuses on the repatriation of up to 5,000 Myanmar nationals from Malaysia. Nearly 1,500 people were already returned to Myanmar by ship last week, amid concerns from the UN and rights groups over the safety of returnees. Malaysia has not confirmed whether any Rohingya were among those repatriated. The Rohingya constitute around two-thirds of the roughly 190,000 Myanmar refugees and asylum seekers in Malaysia, according to UN data. The visit also comes as Min Aung Hlaing seeks greater diplomatic recognition. Malaysia is the fifth ASEAN country to host him since he became nominally civilian president. 
(“Myanmar Coup Leader Lands in Malaysia for Migrant Return Talks,” The Irrawaddy, 07 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Zardari states that Afghan soil must not be used to attack Pakistan 
On 07 October, Afghanistan International reported that Pakistani President Asif Ali Zardari told UN Secretary-General António Guterres that Afghanistan must not be used as a base for attacks against Pakistan or other countries. Zardari said militant groups operating from Afghanistan continued to target Pakistan and claimed Islamabad had shared evidence of foreign support for these groups. He reaffirmed Pakistan’s commitment to combating terrorism while stressing that Islamabad remained open to dialogue and regional cooperation. The Taliban rejected Pakistan’s allegations of sheltering militant groups, particularly Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan, and accused Islamabad of destabilising Afghanistan. The meeting took place amid heightened Taliban-Pakistan tensions, including border clashes and Pakistani air strikes inside Afghanistan. Zardari also honoured Guterres with Pakistan’s Nishan-e-Imtiaz for his international service.
("Afghanistan Must Not Be Used To Target Pakistan, Says Pakistan President To UN Chief," Afghanistan International, 07 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#442, 06 October 2026
Acsah H, Avaneesh S, and Yesasvi Koganti

France: Students protest under-investment and dilapidated conditions in secondary education; police deployment escalates unrest
On 06 October, the BBC reported that tens of thousands of high school and university students marched across France in a nationwide day of action protesting severe under-investment, teacher shortages, and dilapidated conditions in secondary education. Student unions reported that up to 2,000 high schools were blockaded or forced to close. The Education Ministry has also counted nearly 900 schools closed because of suspension amid safety fears, as local officials blamed clashes with riot police, which came after the many fires. Tensions escalated across major cities including Paris, Lyon, Rennes, and Strasbourg, with police deploying water cannons, tear gas, and sting-ball grenades against demonstrators setting up burning barricades. Since the demonstrations began in mid-September, human rights groups have condemned the government's excessive use of the police, with more than 5,000 people arrested. In the meantime, Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu's government is increasingly under political pressure to solve the educational grievances, amid a general lack of funds within the public sector.
(“Protesters start fires and clash with police as school demonstrations spread across France,” BBC, 06 October 2026)

Yemen: Houthis strike Saudi airports as Sanaa offensive escalates, injuring three
On 06 October, Reuters reported that Houthi missile and drone strikes targeted Saudi airports in Jazan, Najran, and Abha, leaving three people injured and disrupting air traffic. The strikes come amid an escalating Saudi coalition offensive to retake strategic coastal areas near Dhubab and the Bab al-Mandeb strait in Yemen, after an intensive bombing campaign against the protesters' positions. As long as air strikes and blockades continue, Saudi civilian and energy infrastructure, including Aramco facilities, remain targets, the Houthis said. In the meantime, regional diplomacy was fast-tracked, with Syria's President Ahmed al-Sharaa arriving in Riyadh after a Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan-led defence cooperation partnership. Concurrently, UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for an immediate ceasefire and a dialogue to keep key shipping routes open and also to save civilians' lives.
(“Iran war live: Houthis bombed in Yemen; injuries as Saudi airports attacked,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

The US and China: Washington, Beijing discuss reciprocal nuclear site visits
On 06 October, Reuters reported that the US and China have started discussions on reciprocal visits to nuclear sites and laboratories. The idea was initially proposed by China earlier this year, and visits to the US Department of Energy and China’s equivalent laboratories were discussed this time. The discussion follows after US President Donald Trump called for trilateral arms control negotiations between the US, China and Russia. However, China’s officials have stated that their participation is not required due to its relatively smaller nuclear arsenal than those of Washington and Moscow.
(“US and China discuss reciprocal visits to nuclear sites, CNN reports,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

China and Laos: Shipments of military vehicles, aircraft arrive at new China-Laos training facility
On 06 October, Reuters reported that light attack aircraft and military vehicles have arrived at a new China-Laos joint training facility at Ban Keun. Per satellite images provided by commercial satellite imagery provider Vantor, eight K-8 attack jets and over 24 vehicles have arrived at the runway, which is still under construction. China is the primary contractor for the base, and it marks its latest overseas military expansion in the region. Analysts and regional experts state that the base at Ban Keun used to be a covert US facility during the Vietnam War, and that the facility is “likely more about a target of opportunity than filling an obvious operational need.”
(“Attack aircraft, military vehicles visible at new China-Laos base, satellite images show,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

The EU: President Ursula von der Leyen condemns drone attacks on Black Sea civilian ships
On 06 October, Reuters reported that European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen strongly condemned recent drone attacks on civilian cargo ships in the Black Sea, calling them completely unacceptable. The incident occurred within the economic zone of Bulgaria, a NATO member country. Following the strike, one merchant vessel sank, leaving its crew missing at sea, while a second ship caught fire. Bulgaria’s Prime Minister Rumen Radev described the drone strike as a blatant violation of international law. Expressing deep concern over the escalating safety crisis in the region, President Ursula emphasized that targeting commercial vessels and innocent crews puts lives at severe risk. 
(“Attacks on civilian shipping in Black Sea are unacceptable, EU's von der Leyen says,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

The US and Sudan: US envoy meets Sudan’s army chief, pushing for political peace solution
On 06 October, Reuters reported that a US envoy stated that he attended an event over the weekend where he met with Sudan’s army chief in Egypt to push for a political solution to Sudan’s civil war. US Senior advisor Massad Boulos attended a lunch hosted by Egypt’s President Abdel Fattah al-Sisi alongside Sudan’s Army Chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, though Sudan’s officials described it as a casual encounter rather than formal talks. This meeting happened shortly after Washington withheld a visa for Burhan ahead of a UN appearance, a move reportedly tied to Sudan’s resistance to a US-backed ceasefire proposal. Sudan's army has been locked in a conflict with the paramilitary RSF since April 2023, creating one of the world's worst humanitarian crises with over 14 million people displaced. While Washington has accused the RSF of genocide and the army of war crimes, Boulos reaffirmed that the US, alongside regional allies, stands ready to support a comprehensive dialogue to map out a political solution for the future of Sudan. 
(“US envoy attends event with Sudanese army chief in Egypt,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#239, 06 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: New Delhi renews export approvals for four Nepali hydropower projects
On 06 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that India has renewed export approvals for four Nepali hydropower projects namely the Upper Chameliya, Seti River, Upper Tadi Khola and Upper Dordi A, enabling Nepal to export a combined 98 megawatts of electricity to India. The approvals had expired between June and August, raising concerns about disruptions during the peak monsoon export season. Nepal currently exports around 600 megawatts daily to India, while India remains essential for Nepal’s winter electricity imports. However, flood damage has halted exports from several projects, including to Bangladesh. India has so far authorised exports from 37 Nepali projects, totalling about 1,200 megawatts.
(“India renews export approvals for four Nepali hydropower projects,” The  Kathmandu Post, 06 October 2026)

Nepal: Rasuwa flood to slowdown Nepal’s economic growth
On 06 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal’s economic growth is projected to slow to 3.7 per cent in the FY 2026-27, largely due to the August Rasuwa flood. This is as per a report by the World Bank. The disaster caused USD 1.66 billion in direct physical damage, with infrastructure accounting for 83 per cent. Hydropower, electricity transmission and transport were among the worst affected, disrupting production, trade and exports. Tourism is also expected to suffer from damaged infrastructure and heightened travel risks. Reconstruction needs are estimated at USD 4.8 billion. The World Bank recommended an approach of  “Building Differently,” emphasising on resilient infrastructure, improved hazard planning, early warning systems and stronger disaster preparedness.
(“Nepal’s growth to slow to 3.7 percent after devastating Rasuwa flood,” The Kathmandu Post, 06 October 2026)


Bangladesh: World Bank sees weak growth amid energy and financial sector strains
On 06 October, Dhaka Tribune reported the the World Bank projects Bangladesh's economic growth to remain at 3.4 per cent in both FY26 and FY27. The projection reflects persistent structural constraints, high inflation and financial sector vulnerabilities. The World Bank said a deepening energy crisis, weaknesses in the banking sector and low revenue collection continue to weigh on economic activity. Growth slowed to 3.4 per cent in FY26 amid weak investment, slower exports, high inflation and rising business costs. The report said growth could recover to 3.9 per cent in FY28 if energy supplies improve and structural reforms gain momentum. Strong remittance inflows and improving foreign exchange reserves have provided some stability. Poverty and inequality also increased in FY26, with around 2.1 million additional people falling into poverty. Job creation stalled, while women experienced disproportionate job losses. Non-performing loans rose to 33.2 per cent in June 2026 from 30.6 per cent in December 2025. The World Bank called for faster reforms in revenue mobilisation, banking and energy to support growth and job creation. It also recommended strengthening and better targeting social safety-net programmes, as nearly half of the poorest households remain outside existing social assistance schemes.
(“World Bank projects Bangladesh growth at 3.4% for FY26, FY27 amid economic headwinds,” Dhaka Tribune, 06 October 2026)


Bangladesh: Dhaka seeks international push for Rohingya return to Myanmar
On 06 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humaiun Kobir said the prolonged Rohingya crisis has moved beyond a humanitarian concern, with wider implications for security and irregular migration. He called for stronger international efforts for the early and dignified return of the Rohingyas to Myanmar. Minister Humaiun Kobir made the remarks during a meeting with a visiting delegation led by Apsana Begum MP, Chair of the UK All-Party Parliamentary Group on Bangladesh. The delegation also included Shockat Adam MP and Lord Qurban Hussain, a Member of the House of Lords. The delegation is scheduled to visit the Rohingya camps on 07 October. It affirmed support for addressing the plight of the Rohingya community and continuing humanitarian assistance. It also pledged to support sustainable repatriation through international mechanisms, including the UK Parliament. The meeting also discussed parliamentary cooperation, trade and investment, migration, skill mobilisation and human rights. Both sides exchanged views on regional and global issues and expressed interest in continued cooperation through bilateral and multilateral channels.
(“Dhaka: Rohingya crisis now beyond humanitarian concern,” Dhaka Tribune, 06 October 2026)


Myanmar: TNLA plans new bridge to expand trade with China
On 06 October, The Irrawaddy reported that the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) was planning to build a two-lane bridge across the Shweli River at the Namhkam–Nongdao border crossing to facilitate trade with China. The proposed bridge would support cargo trucks weighing up to 100 tonnes and would be accompanied by upgraded roads, customs and inspection facilities. Road construction towards the river is already underway, while bridge construction is expected to begin by the end of 2026. The crossing, controlled by the TNLA since Operation 1027, handles Chinese imports such as construction materials and fuel, while TNLA-controlled areas export coal, rice, timber, rare earths and other minerals. However, TNLA spokesperson Lway Yay Oo denied that construction had begun, saying conditions were not yet conducive to expanding trade. The project also faces local concerns over land acquisition and compensation.
(“Ta’ang Rebels ‘Building New Bridge to China at Namhkam’,” The Irrawaddy, 06 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: World Bank reports that country’s economy reaches pre crisis level but remains uneven
On 06 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka’s economy has returned to pre crisis levels, however the World Bank says recovery remains incomplete, with household incomes and employment still lagging. GDP is projected to grow 4.4 per cent in 2026, before slowing to 4.2 per cent in 2027 as the post crisis rebound weakens. Although real GDP has grown for 12 consecutive quarters, poverty remains elevated at 16.9 per cent, while inflation has increased due to higher food and energy prices. The World Bank recommends shifting growth toward private investment, exports and productivity, with agribusiness identified as a major opportunity for jobs, exports and poverty reduction.
(“SL economy reaches significant milestone, yet recovery incomplete: World Bank,” Daily Mirror, 06 October 2026)

Maldives: Malé and Abu Dhabi discuss major energy project cooperation
On 06 October, SunOnline International reported that the Maldives and the UAE discussed implementing major energy projects during a virtual meeting between the two countries energy officials. The talks centred on modernising the Maldivian electricity grid, developing smart grid systems and battery storage, reducing diesel dependence and expanding water production and sewerage projects across 40 islands, alongside renewable energy and regional waste-to-energy initiatives. UAE Chargé d'Affaires Hiba Al Junaibi reaffirmed Abu Dhabi's commitment to deepening renewable energy cooperation, citing the UAE Energy Strategy 2050 and Masdar's goal of generating 100 gigawatts of clean energy by 2030. The UAE remains a key development partner for the Maldives, including through the USD 20 billion Eagle Hills-led Rasmalé project.
("Maldives-UAE discuss implementation major energy projects," SunOnline International, 06 October 2026)

Maldives: Police warn of rising cyberattacks on government bodies
On 06 October, The Edition reported that police observed a sharp increase in cyberattacks targeting government institutions, with the Cyber Security Operations Center (CSOC) flagging a rise in phishing emails designed to look like official correspondence from trusted sources. The scam emails use dangerous links and files disguised as official invitations or documents, which, if opened, could allow hackers to steal login credentials and gain unauthorised access to government systems. Police described the activity as a likely coordinated campaign and said CSOC was working with relevant institutions to block malicious sites and networks, with an investigation and technical analysis currently underway.
("Cyberattacks against government bodies increases: Police," The Edition, 06 October 2026)



Afghanistan: Mutaaqi accuses Pakistan of using force against Taliban; calls for dialogue and diplomacy for resolution of conflict
On 05 October, Afghanistan International reported that Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi called for dialogue and diplomacy to resolve disputes with Pakistan, accusing Islamabad of using force and pressure against the Taliban. Speaking at the eighth Moscow Format Consultations, he alleged that Pakistani forces had carried out cross-border attacks targeting civilians and accused Islamabad of supporting armed groups and seeking to destabilise Afghanistan. Russia’s envoy Zamir Kabulov said the meeting ended without a joint statement after disagreements between the Taliban and Pakistan, over terrorism. Muttaqi also criticised Pakistan’s treatment of Afghan migrants and students, while asserting the Taliban’s right to self-defence. He claimed Islamic State and drug trafficking had been contained, and called for greater regional economic cooperation to support Afghanistan’s stability.
("Pakistan Using Force, Maximum Pressure Against Taliban, Says Muttaqi," Afghanistan International, 05 October 2026; "Taliban-Pakistan Dispute Blocks Joint Statement At Moscow Meet," Afghanistan International, 05 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#72, 06 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

South Korea: President Lee calls for stronger cybersecurity after AI-linked bank attacks
On 06 October, Reuters reported that South Korea’s President Lee Jae Myung said that AI models appear to have been used in recent cyberattacks targeting major commercial banks, calling for enhanced cybersecurity measures designed for the AI era. Police have launched a full-scale investigation into data breaches affecting major lenders including Shinhan Bank, KB Kookmin Bank, Hana Bank, and Woori Bank. Financial regulators have distributed data on 28 unique suspect IP addresses linked to the intrusions, though authorities have not yet specified the exact AI tools involved or the extent of the compromised customer data. The incident follows recent reports of AI agents targeting government portals in Australia and Canada, highlighting growing global concerns over AI-driven cyber threats.
(“South Korea's Lee says AI appears to have been used in bank hacks,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

Nvidia-backed Reflection launches 501 billion-parameter AI model to challenge China’s open models
On 06 October, Reuters reported that Nvidia-backed AI startup Reflection debuted its first open-weight model named Beam, aiming to compete with low-cost China’s open-source offerings such as DeepSeek and Kimi in coding and agentic tasks. The newly released model contains 501 billion total parameters while activating 23 billion per task to boost operational efficiency and reduce costs. Founded in 2024 by former DeepMind researchers Misha Laskin and Ioannis Antonoglou, Reflection develops tools to automate software development and recently secured compute capacity at SpaceX’s Colossus 2 data centre. Beam’s launch reflects a broader push by Western technology companies to counter rapidly growing competition from China’s open-weight models, including Z.ai's GLM-5.2 and Qwen3.8-Max, which offer customizability and high performance in code generation at significantly lower price points.
(Nvidia-backed Reflection unveils first AI model to take on Chinese open models,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

France and Germany: Paris, Berlin urge EU to create rapid-response trade tool to counter foreign market distortions 
On 06 October, Reuters reported that France and Germany have jointly proposed that the EU should enact a new rapid-action trade mechanism to swiftly counter foreign market distortions. Germany’s officials emphasised the need for tools as aggressive as China's export restrictions on critical minerals, the US Section 301 tariffs. In a letter sent to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen, France’s President Emmanuel Macron and Germany’s Chancellor Friedrich Merz called for urgent action against systemic trade imbalances, such as widespread subsidies, dumping, and currency restrictions, ahead of an EU leaders' summit in Brussels. 
(“France, Germany push for EU rapid-response trade tool with likely focus on China,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

OpenAI, Anthropic back mandatory AI breach reporting amid scrutiny over Medicare portal incident
On 06 October, Reuters reported that OpenAI and Anthropic told an Australian parliamentary inquiry that they would welcome mandatory reporting rules for AI-driven data breaches, acknowledging that the decision to notify authorities currently remains at their own discretion. The statements follow public scrutiny over OpenAI taking three months to inform Australia’s officials about an incident where one of its AI agents accessed the country's main Medicare health portal. Representatives from both tech firms expressed support for structured legal frameworks covering security disclosures as they seek approvals to build major data centers in Australia. During the hearings, local content creators also urged lawmakers to resist calls to relax copyright protections, rejecting proposed "opt-out" mechanisms that would place the burden on copyright holders to prevent AI developers from training models on their IP.
(“OpenAI, Anthropic tell Australia they would welcome data breach rules,” Reuters, 06 October 2026)

The US: Trump appoints intelligence chief to lead new US AI taskforce
On 05 October, Reuters reported that US President Donald Trump has appointed Director of National Intelligence Jay Clayton to lead a new federal task force aimed at coordinating the government's approach to AI, which the administration is officially rebranding as "super intelligence." Reporting directly to Trump and Chief of Staff Susie Wiles, the group will liaise across consumer, corporate, and religious sectors while avoiding formal regulatory laws in favour of executive voluntary safety accords signed with major tech firms including OpenAI and Anthropic. The panel's formation coincides with heightened international scrutiny over AI safety risks, highlighted by OpenAI's acknowledgment that one of its agents breached an Australian government healthcare data portal.
(“Trump chooses top spy boss to run new AI taskforce,” BBC, 05 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#441, 05 October 2026
Acsah H, Avaneesh S, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and  Samraksha Mukund

Brazil: Flavio Bolsonaro leads Lula into Presidential runoff election
On 04 October, Reuters reported that the right-wing Senator Flavio Bolsonaro will face President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva in a presidential runoff election on 25 October, after exceeding expectations in the first round. The election has reportedly centred heavily on the cost of living, corruption, and public safety. Polls initially predicted Lula would lead; however, Bolsonaro secured a slight advantage with 47 per cent of the vote against Lula's 45 per cent. President Lula acknowledged the setback but promised a vigorous new campaign highlighting his presidential achievements. Additionally, a multibillion-dollar fraud scandal involving Banco Master has sparked money laundering investigations affecting figures like Bolsonaro, who denies wrongdoing. The report stated that tensions also remain high regarding international relations, as Lula’s allies have raised concerns over potential US election interference.
(“Bolsonaro will face Lula in runoff in Brazil's presidential vote,” Reuters, 04 October 2026)

Pakistan: Thousands rally in support of jailed former Prime Minister Imran Khan
On 05 October, Reuters reported that thousands in support of the former Prime Minister of Pakistan, Imran Khan, marched towards Islamabad, demanding his release. Imran Khan was ousted from parliament in 2022, which he blamed on the military. He was arrested in May 2023, which caused rioting in several parts of the country. The rally began on 04 October in the northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and is being led by the Chief Minister Sohail Afridi of the Khan’s Tehreek-e-Insaf party. Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi stated that the rally was sparked by the failure of negotiations between the Shehbaz Sharif administration and the PTI’s refusal to cooperate on counter-terrorism policy in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. He also stated that they would not be allowed into Islamabad, and threatened to remove the party from power through legal and constitutional provisions. 
(“Thousands of Imran Khan supporters start march to Pakistani capital, party says,” Reuters, 05 October 2026)

Yemen: Government says it has secured effective control over the Bab el-Mandeb Strait; Houthis say that this is “completely untrue"
On 05 October, Reuters reported that Yemen's Information Minister Moammar al-Eryani stated that government forces have secured effective control ​of the Bab el-Mandeb Strait. The forces, along with support from Saudi Arabia, seized Dhubab airstrip, while some sources stated that fighting continued at a military base near ​the strait. The Houthis denied these statements and called them “completely untrue,” as they reportedly made advances near the city of Taiz. On the same day, Riyadh stated that they have attacked hundreds of targets in Yemen to provide air cover for the Bab el-Mandeb Strait and Yemen’s ground forces. This comes in the backdrop of the Houthis stating on 03 October that they had targeted an Aramco facility ‌in Riyadh with ballistic missiles and drones, adding the attack was in ​retaliation for Saudi attacks on Yemen's ​Sanaa and other provinces.
(“Yemeni government forces advance to Bab el-Mandeb Strait,” Reuters, 05 October 2026; “Yemen's Houthis say they attacked Aramco facility in Riyadh with missiles, drones,” Reuters, 03 October 2026)

Nicaragua: Managua quits Central American parliament, Reuters reports this deepens global isolation
On 04 October, Reuters reported that Nicaragua is leaving the Central American Parliament, a move that is viewed as deepening its global isolation amid widespread accusations of severe human rights abuses. The decision, which the foreign ministry stated takes immediate effect, followed a resolution by the Organisation of American States (OAS) demanding the release of political prisoners and the restoration of civil liberties. The report stated that this withdrawal follows a pattern of the country cutting international ties, having already left the OAS in 2023 and announced its departure from the UN Human Rights Council in 2025 over reports condemning its actions. President Daniel Ortega, who has held power continuously since 2007 alongside his wife Rosario Murillo, further consolidated control last July by announcing that the country will no longer hold elections. 
(“Nicaragua announces withdrawal from Central American Parliament,” Reuters, 04 October 2026)

Russia: Plague research worker dies as authorities launch emergency response
On 05 October, Reuters reported that a laboratory worker at the Irkutsk Anti-Plague Research Institute of Siberia and the Far East has died, prompting authorities to quarantine people who had contact with her and launch an emergency response in the region. Local media identified the deceased as Darya Shipilova; authorities said she died from “pneumonia of unknown aetiology” and stressed that no link between her death and her work had been established. Moreover, Russia’s health watchdog, Rospotrebnadzor, said the institute had found no evidence of an accident involving pathogen handling. Rospotrebnadzor Chief Anna Popova travelled to Siberia for an emergency meeting, while a number of contacts were quarantined and parts of the hospital in Shelekhov where the woman died were cordoned off. Additionally, Irkutsk Governor Igor Kobzev said no new cases among staff at the anti-plague institute had been identified, that all known contacts had been traced, examined and placed under medical supervision. 
(“Dozens quarantined in Siberia after plague institute lab worker dies,” Reuters, 05 October 2026) 

Today In History
05 October 1813: US forces defeat Britain and Native American allies at the Battle of the Thames
On 05 October 1813, US forces defeated Britain’s troops and their Native American allies at the Battle of the Thames near Moraviantown in Upper Canada. The victory followed the US naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie on 10 September, which cut Britain’s forces off from reinforcement and resupply around Detroit and Fort Malden. The US force of about 3,000 troops pursued their retreating opposition that included around 450 of Britain’s regulars, Canada’s militia and about 500 Native American warriors, outnumbering them significantly. The US mounted troops charged the British lines, which quickly collapsed and surrendered. This victory enabled the US to regain control of the Detroit area and ended the British military threat at the western end of Lake Erie.
("Battle of the Thames: War of 1812," Britannica, 28 September 2026; "Battle of the Thames," EBSCO, 05 October 2023)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#238, 05 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, and Priyanka Makhijani

Nepal: Home Minister to attend first BIMSTEC security meeting 
On 05 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal’s Home Minister Sudan Gurung will visit New Delhi on 12 October to attend the first ever BIMSTEC Home Ministers meeting on 13 October. The meeting will bring together ministers from Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka and Thailand to strengthen regional security cooperation. Discussions are expected to focus on cross border security challenges, counterterrorism and transnational crime. Minister Gurung is also expected to hold bilateral talks, including with Indian Home Minister Amit Shah.
(“Home Minister Sudan Gurung to visit India next week,” The Kathmandu Post, 05 October 2026)

Nepal Opinion: Deepak Thapa, “Shah went to the UN to speak for Nepal, then left before he could make the most of it,” The Kathmandu Post, 05 October 2026
“The hard part of actually translating words to action takes patient diplomacy and coalition-building across a range of issues. And that is where Prime Minister Shah has come far, far short. Had he stayed on in New York, Nepal’s suffering (not to mention the intrigue he arouses in some quarters) would have opened the doors to many bilateral meetings where he could have earnestly pursued the proposal he had made during his UNGA address. It could have resulted in some momentum being built up that Nepal could have led all the way. Instead, it was an opportunity lost.”

Bhutan: DGPC signs first private hydropower partnership for Parochhu project
On 05 October, Water Power magazine reported that Druk Green Power Corporation (DGPC) signed an investment agreement with Tashi Group's Wangchuk Dorji to develop the 40MW Parochhu hydropower project in Paro, marking DGPC's first partnership with a Bhutanese private investor. DGPC will hold a 51 per cent stake in the project company, with Dorji holding the remainder, under a framework aligned with Bhutan's National Energy Policy 2025. DGPC Managing Director Dasho Chhewang Rinzin said the partnership aimed to accelerate hydropower development and expand opportunities for Bhutan's private sector participation in the country's renewable energy sector.

("DGPC signs Bhutanese partnership for 40MW Parochhu hydropower project," Water Power magazine, 05 October 2026)

Bangladesh: British High Commissioner to Bangladesh highlights strategic partnership and trade cooperation with the UK
On 05 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that British High Commissioner to Bangladesh Sarah Cooke described Bangladesh and the United Kingdom as strategic partners with a shared interest in a free and open Indo-Pacific. Speaking at the Bay of Bengal Conversation 2026 in Dhaka, Commissioner Cooke highlighted cooperation on security, trade, climate change and the Rohingya crisis. She said the UK was one of Bangladesh’s largest investors and that UK companies had supported sectors including finance, fashion, education and energy. She also said Bangladesh currently receives duty-free access to 99.8 per cent of UK product lines and would retain this benefit for three years after graduating from least developed country status. Subsequently, 92 per cent of product lines, including ready-made garments, would remain duty free. She stressed broader cooperation on economic security, cybersecurity, climate-related risks and regional stability. Commissioner Cooke also reaffirmed UK support for Bangladesh in hosting Rohingya refugees and called for their voluntary, safe and dignified return to Myanmar when conditions permit.
(“Sarah Cooke: UK, Bangladesh share interest in free and open Indo-Pacific,” Dhaka Tribune, 05 October 2026)

Myanmar: Airstrikes on civilians undermine Rakhine peace talks
On 05 October, Mizzima, citing Radio Free Asia, reported that Myanmar’s military-backed government is using attacks on civilians as a means of pressuring the Arakan Army to enter peace talks. An airstrike on a crowded market in Kyauktaw, Rakhine State, on 28 September reportedly killed at least 50 people, including children and pregnant women. The UN Human Rights Office described it as one of the deadliest airstrikes in Rakhine since the 2021 coup, while Fortify Rights said it could constitute a war crime. Rakhine politicians and analysts said continued attacks are undermining trust needed for negotiations. The Arakan Army has rejected the military’s peace overtures while fighting continues in several parts of Rakhine. Analysts said civilian attacks could also aim to intimidate communities under Arakan Army control and weaken its support.
(“Myanmar junta airstrikes target civilians to coerce Arakan Army into peace talks,” Mizzima, 05 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Financial literacy rises to 58 per cent, says the Prime Minister
On 05 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka’s Prime Minister Dr Harini Amarasuriya stated that the country’s financial literacy rate has increased significantly from 35 per cent to 58 per cent, attributing the improvement to positive government measures. She emphasized making financial knowledge accessible to all citizens, enabling them to manage income, save, invest responsibly, and avoid financial fraud. The government is also strengthening financial education among schoolchildren through curriculum reforms and practical initiatives.
(“Financial literacy rises to 58%: PM,” Daily Mirror, 05 October 2026)

Maldives: Malé calls for compensation for climate vulnerable nations at Bay of Bengal Conversation
On 05 October, UNB News reported that former Maldivian President Mohamed Nasheed said countries hardest hit by climate change were not seeking charity but their rightful due, speaking at the Bay of Bengal Conversation 2026 in Dhaka. Nasheed said nations providing an "environmental service" to the planet deserved fair compensation, arguing that countries which grew wealthy exploiting the planet's resources had done so at the expense of climate-vulnerable nations. He called for development strategies balancing economic growth with environmental protection, and urged a rethinking of statehood and maritime boundaries as rising seas threaten to submerge low-lying coastlines, warning that the Maldives' loss would signal a crisis affecting the entire world.

("Climate-hit nations seek rightful due, not charity: ex-Maldives president Nasheed," UNB News, 05 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Moscow rejects NATO military presence in Kabul
On 05 October, Afghanistan International reported that Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov has opposed any NATO military infrastructure in Afghanistan or neighbouring countries, warning that foreign military deployments could increase regional instability. At the Moscow Format meeting, he called for stronger cooperation with the Taliban to combat Islamic State Khorasan Province and other extremist groups. Minister Lavrov credited Kabul with reducing terrorist threats and cutting opium production by about 90 per cent since 2022. However, he acknowledged Afghanistan’s continuing humanitarian crisis, with millions facing food insecurity and requiring assistance. Russia urged regional security agencies to maintain cooperation with the Taliban.
(“Russia Opposes NATO Military Presence In Afghanistan, Says Lavrov,” Afghanistan International, 05 October 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#71, 05 October 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

China and the US: Huawei, Qualcomm sign broad 5G and AI patent deal as Beijing’s tech giant expands IP licensing
On 05 October, Reuters reported that China’s tech giant Huawei Technologies has signed a multi-year patent licensing agreement with US chipmaker Qualcomm covering 5G, artificial intelligence, computing, and networking technologies. The broad deal, which marks Huawei's first 5G patent licensing agreement with Qualcomm, also includes Qualcomm's purchase of select US patents from China’s firm for AI, computing, and networking. Huawei expects the transaction to push its cumulative patent licensing value past USD 6.9 billion upon completion. The deal highlights Huawei’s growing intellectual property monetisation and continuous research and development push, which intensified following US trade restrictions in 2019 that restricted its access to advanced software and semiconductor components. The agreement follows a separate licensing deal Huawei struck with HP Inc in August.
(“The US said China was priming a trade superweapon. Then it vanished,” Reuters, 05 October 2026)

South Korea: President Lee orders probe into widespread financial data leaks after suspected cyberattacks
On 04 October, Reuters reported that South Korea’s President Lee Jae Myung has ordered a thorough investigation into a series of personal data leaks affecting major banks, financial firms, and public agencies. Following the directive, Financial Services Commission (FSC) Chairman Lee Eog-weon held an emergency meeting with industry leaders after cyberattacks were reported across multiple major lenders, including Shinhan Bank, KB Kookmin Bank, Hana Bank, and Woori Bank, as well as second-tier financial institutions. On-site probes revealed that attackers appear to have scanned institutions for vulnerabilities using global IP addresses spanning the US, Japan, Singapore, Vietnam, and the UK. The FSC warned that AI may have been used in the attacks, advocating an "AI attacks defended by AI" approach while directing firms to tighten access controls, share threat data, and overhaul security protocols.
(“South Korean president orders probe into data leaks across financial industry,” Reuters, 04 October 2026)

The US and Ukraine: Reconstruction investment fund seals first critical minerals deal, commits USD 70 million across projects
On 05 October, Reuters reported that a joint US-Ukraine reconstruction investment fund has executed its long-awaited first critical minerals deal alongside four additional projects, marking a total of USD 70 million committed across strategic sectors. Established under an April 2025 bilateral minerals pact championed by President Trump, the initiative includes a USD 30 million venture with Ukraine's BGV Group to explore early-stage deposits of rare earths, uranium, beryllium, and zirconium. To reinforce Ukraine's vulnerable energy infrastructure ahead of winter, the fund is also co-financing a major battery system with private power producer DTEK to supply backup electricity to 600,000 households, while taking an equity position in a combined heat and power co-generation platform.
(“US-Ukrainian investment fund seals first critical minerals deal,” Reuters, 05 October 2026)

Japan and Australia: Both countries launch finance dialogue to strengthen economic security and critical mineral ties
On 05 October, Reuters reported that Japan and Australia have signed a five-year memorandum of understanding to establish an annual finance ministers' dialogue aimed at deepening bilateral financial cooperation and bolstering economic security. Under the new framework, the two countries will focus heavily on securing stable access to critical minerals, including rare earths, alongside investments in energy and fuel security. The initiative also seeks to construct transparent, resilient, and diversified supply chains across key sectors, including defence manufacturing. The agreement marks Tokyo’s third ministerial-level finance framework with a key regional partner, following similar agreements with South Korea and China, strengthening ties with Australia as a crucial global supplier of liquefied natural gas and essential raw materials.
(“Japan, Australia launch finance dialogue, deepen ties on economic security,” Reuters, 05 October 2026)

OpenAI’s Altman backs broader AI access, says societal benefits outweigh risks
On 05 October, Reuters reported that OpenAI Chief Executive Sam Altman said the massive societal benefits of AI justify accepting some inherent risks, advocating for broad public access and a lighter-touch regulatory framework. Speaking to Politico’s Decoded newsletter, Altman highlighted a fundamental divide on AI regulation between OpenAI and rival Anthropic, rejecting the idea that a single lab should restrict technology access out of safety fears. He argued that the positive outcomes generated by user agency will far outweigh potential misuses, such as scams or hacks. His comments come amid heightened debate over AI safeguards, with safety researchers raising alarms over frontier models while President Trump pushes back against strict restrictions, arguing current enforcement is sufficient and new rules could hinder competitiveness against China-based competitors.
(“OpenAI's Altman says AI benefits warrant accepting some risks,” Reuters, 05 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#440, 03 October 2026
Avaneesh S, and Yesasvi Koganti

The War in Ukraine: The US-Russia talks to end the war expands to include a multibillion-dollar oil deal
On 02 October, Reuters reported that diplomatic talks between the Trump administration and Russia aimed at ending the war in Ukraine have expanded to include a multibillion-dollar oil transaction involving international assets owned by Russia’s energy giant Lukoil. The proposed deal involves global oil fields, refineries, and gas stations owned by Lukoil, with President Putin raising the idea during the last month Kremlin meeting with US negotiators Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner to demonstrate commercial ties could resume. The potential buyer group led by American billionaire Todd Boehly includes a US government entity alongside Middle Eastern investment groups with ties to Kushner and Witkoff's family.
(“US-Russia talks on Ukraine involve multi-billion dollar oil deal, NYT reports,” Reuters, 02 October 2026)

Yemen: Pakistan to hold emergency talks evaluating Iran's proposal on engaging Houthis; Saudi Arabia prepares for a multi-front offensive
On 02 October, Reuters reported that Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar announced that a committee of the Mecca Joint Defence Agreement will hold an emergency meeting in Riyadh to evaluate Iran’s proposal to engage the Houthis movement politically following escalated attacks against Saudi Arabia. The member countries pledged mutual defence, with Pakistan deploying up to 40,000 troops to bolster Saudi border defences and air interception capabilities while firmly ruling out combat operations inside Yemen. Meanwhile, Saudi Arabia is preparing a major multi-front offensive led by local Yemeni forces to dislodge Houthis from the Bab el-Mandeb strait and reopen critical Red Sea shipping corridors. Supported by Saudi airstrikes, US intelligence, and military hardware from alliance partners Pakistan and Turkey, the operation could mobilise over 100,000 ground troops in the coming weeks. Riyadh concluded that new peace talks remain impossible while Houthis hold strategic maritime leverage.
(“Pakistan says Mecca pact members to hold emergency talks on engaging Houthis,” Reuters, 02 October 2026; “Saudis plan assault on Houthis to break Red Sea chokehold,” Reuters, 02 October 2026)

North Korea: Pyongyang tests intermediate-range missile in drill, says Kim Yo Jong 
On 03 October, Reuters reported that Kim Yo Jong,’ sister of North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un, confirmed that Pyongyang conducted a drill testing an intermediate-range strategic missile overseen by Kim Jong Un and executed by a specialized firepower unit. The military said the ballistic missile passed over 700 kilometers (435 miles) of sea that stretches to the east coast of South Korea. Kim Yo Jong claimed in her statement that the weapon was equipped with AI technology to modify its flight orbit at low altitudes, and had adopted a "wave-like trajectory mode" that enables it to evade detection and defy tracking. The launch comes as North Korea has been testing missiles over the past few months in the wake of various military exercises by the region. The exhibition is dedicated to a statement by Kim Yo Jong, South Korea's younger sister, that recently condemned Seoul for asking for an apology over landmines that struck South Korean soldiers in the Demilitarized Zone.
(“North Korea's Kim Yo Jong says intermediate-range missile test was conducted,” Reuters, 03 October 2026)

Taiwan: Former President Tsai Ing-wen to visit US for Stanford National Security Conference
On 03 October, Reuters reported that Former Taiwan President Tsai Ing-wen announced that she will travel to the US next week to deliver the opening keynote address at Stanford University's DEFCON 2026 Technology & National Security Conference, marking her first visit to the country since completing her term in 2024. Tsai announced on social media that her speech will include Taiwan's experience in balancing rapid technology advancement with democratic resilience and national security challenges, and how these elements can be shared with international leaders from government, academia, and tech industries. The visit follows a recent series of diplomatic meetings in Europe and North America, where Beijing routinely objects to official contacts with Taiwan's leaders; it also comes after Beijing's long-standing opposition to any direct contacts with Tsai or her successor, President Lai Ching-te.
(“Former Taiwan president Tsai to visit US next week,” Reuters, 03 October 2026)

Canada and Turkey: PM Carney to hold bilateral meeting with President Erdogan, finalising FTA 
On 02 October, Reuters reported that Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney is planning to visit Turkey later this month. He would be visiting Turkey’s President Tayyip Erdogan, marking the first bilateral visit by a Canada's PM to the country. PM Carney is expected to finalise the Free Trade Agreement with Turkey, when negotiations were officially announced on the sidelines of the NATO summit in July. Senior ministers and government officials from both sides have met with each other and agreed to expand cooperation on renewable and nuclear energy, aerospace, defence and engineering projects. 
(“Carney plans to visit Turkey this month, sources say,” Reuters, 02 October 2026)

Today in History 
03 October 1990: Germany reunifies, marking the integration of the German Democratic Republic into the Federal Republic ending WWII
On 03 October 1990, the former German Democratic Republic integrated into the Federal Republic following the historic fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989, marking the reunification of Germany.  This reunification formally ended World War II and Cold War division. Propelled by a mass exodus of East Germans seeking economic opportunity and democratic freedoms, the rapid integration was orchestrated by West German Chancellor Helmut Kohl alongside international negotiations in the "Two Plus Four" forum involving the two Germanys and the four main Allied powers: the US, USSR, UK, and France. In exchange for billions in economic assistance, President Mikhail Gorbachev agreed to withdraw troops and permit a unified Germany to hold full sovereignty within NATO, guaranteeing Poland's western border. Despite widespread national celebration, the immediate post-unification era was marked by severe economic dislocation, the collapse of East German industry, rising federal costs, and social friction as the country confronted the painful legacy of state surveillance and eastern economic disparity.
(“Germany Reunification,” Britannica, 1990)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#237, 03 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, and Priyanka Makhijani

Nepal: Government plans new laws to support investment and economic growth
On 03 October, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal’s Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs Minister Sobita Gautam, Infrastructure Development Minister Sunil Lamsal and Finance Minister Swarnim Wagle pledged to reform existing laws to support investment and economic activity. Minister Wagle said the government plans to introduce 27 new laws during the current fiscal year and has already repealed 15 outdated Acts. The government aims to achieve 7 per cent economic growth over the next decade and expand the economy to USD 100 billion. Minister Gautam said the current fiscal year has been designated the “Year of Lawmaking and Reform,” with a target of registering 166 bills in Parliament. She said 54 bills had already received Cabinet approval. Business groups called for simpler, clearer and more transparent legal procedures, particularly for infrastructure development.
(“Ministers pledge legal reforms ahead of Nepal infrastructure summit,” The Kathmandu Post, 03 October 2026)

Bhutan: Lhuentse businesses struggle, as population decline shrinks demand
On 03 October, Kuensel reported that business owners in Phaling town, Lhuentse’s main commercial hub, were struggling amid declining incomes and a shrinking customer base, with 323 households left vacant across the dzongkhag due to rural-to-urban and outward migration. Business owners cited intensifying competition, high transport costs and geographic isolation as key challenges, with some reporting monthly earnings as low as BTN 10,000 after expenses. The Lhuentse Dzongkhag Administration is now turning to tourism to revive the local economy, planning its inaugural Kishuthara Festival in December and developing infrastructure to integrate the region into the wider eastern Bhutan tourism circuit.
(“Lhuentse town struggles as population decline hits local demand,” Kuensel, 03 October 2026)

Bangladesh: Government outlines five-year development agenda
On 03 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh’s Prime Minister Tarique Rahman outlined the government’s five-year action plan at the Bay of Bengal Conversation 2026, focusing on economic stability and institutional reform. The government aims to attract investment, expand employment and strengthen social protection through Family, Farmers, Health and Universal Cards. It plans to recruit 100,000 health workers, expand healthcare access and education reforms, and provide free school support. Policies catered towards the youth will emphasise on skills, technology, AI, entrepreneurship and transforming brain drain into brain circulation.
(“PM: Govt moving ahead to implement promises made to people,” Dhaka Tribune, 03 October 2026)

Myanmar: Military market airstrikes kill 145 civilians since 2022
On 03 October, Mizzima reported that the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) Project said Myanmar’s military had carried out 41 airstrikes on local markets since January 2022, killing at least 145 civilians. The findings followed a 28 September strike on the India Market and Kissapanadi Bridge in Kyauktaw Township, Rakhine State, which killed at least 50 people and injured 57 others. ACLED said attacks on civilian locations, including markets, schools and hospitals, had become a recurring pattern since the 2021 coup. Rakhine State recorded the highest casualties from market strikes, with at least 11 attacks and 49 deaths before the Kyauktaw bombing. The group linked the latest attacks to Operation 4926, launched on 04 September against the Arakan Army. It said the military had suffered battlefield losses without regaining significant territory, while expanding attacks could further expose civilians to harm.
(“Myanmar’s military has struck local markets 41 times since 2022, killing at least 145 civilians, ACLED says,” Mizzima, 03 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Government urges fuel conservation and shift to clean energy
On 03 October, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka’s government has urged the public to reduce fuel consumption, avoid peak energy demand periods and adopt fuel efficient and electric vehicles as the country transitions towards cleaner energy. Energy Minister Anura Karunathilaka stressed that energy security requires controlling consumption alongside fuel prices. The government plans to add 1,200 megawatts of solar capacity by 2029. Meanwhile, new petroleum infrastructure at Muthurajawela will expand aviation fuel and petroleum storage capacity, while President Anura Kumara Dissanayake emphasised maintaining a strong state role in the energy sector.
(“Govt. urges public to cut fuel use, switch to EVs,” Daily Mirror, 03 October 2026)

Maldives: Three islands eye revenue from blue carbon projects
On 03 October, The Edition reported that councils from three Maldivian islands, Vaikaradhoo, Kanditheemu and Fuvahmulah City, prepared to launch Blue Carbon projects aimed at earning USD revenue by naturally capturing carbon dioxide, with the IMF valuing a tonne of carbon at USD 85. The projects were opened to investors at the “Rasvehi Tharaghee” forum held during the MDP congress in Malé, with Kanditheemu’s initiative, led by the Blue Guide Foundation, planning a 10-year Blue Carbon Observatory pending government approval and scientific studies. Maldivian Democratic Party Chairperson Mohamed Nasheed estimated Kanditheemu could generate USD 75,000 to 100,000 annually, while Fuvahmulah’s mangroves could earn the city up to USD 4.9 million a year, and Addu up to USD 06 million, pledging support to secure financing for the projects.
(“Three Islands prepare to earn from Blue Carbon Projects,” The Edition, 03 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Pakistan demands action against militants from Taliban administration
On 03 October, Afghanistan International reported that Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar urged the Taliban administration to take concrete measures against Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Baloch insurgents, stressing that national security remains Islamabad’s priority. He called for assurances that Afghan territory would not be used for attacks against Pakistan, while defending continued border closures despite economic losses, including agricultural produce spoiling. Kabul is yet to respond to Minister Dar’s latest remarks but has previously rejected Pakistan’s allegations of TTP bases in Afghanistan, calling them baseless and describing Pakistan’s security challenges as internal.
(“Taliban Must Show Concrete Action Against Terrorist Groups, Says Pakistan FM,” Afghanistan International, 03 October 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#438, 01 October 2026
Acsah H, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

The US-Iran War: President Pezeshkian reaffirms dialogue with the US, as Trump prefers a "real deal"
On 01 October, Al Jazeera reported on Iran’s President Masoud Pezeshkian reaffirming that Tehran remains open to diplomatic dialogue with the US to resolve the ongoing conflict, despite President Trump dismissing Iran’s latest proposal. Speaking at a business gathering in Tehran, President Pezeshkian stated that Iran "has never avoided dialogue and will not do so," despite being targeted multiple times during negotiations. The statement comes as Tehran weighs a formal US counterproposal intended to break the deadlock over the wartime maritime transit crisis. Concurrently, Trump warned that while Washington prefers a "real deal," resuming military strikes against Iran remains an option after the upcoming US midterm elections. Trump asserted that the US holds control over the Strait of Hormuz and maintains sufficient ammunition stockpiles to support its military operations and regional allies, dismissing reports of munitions shortages as false. He reiterated that Washington would not permit Iran to acquire nuclear weapons. 
("Iran war live: Pezeshkian says Tehran to continue seeking dialogue with US,” Al Jazeera, 01 October 2026)

The US, France, and Germany: Washington urges France and Germany to release diesel stocks or face export ban
On 01 October, Reuters reported that the Trump administration warned Germany and France to release emergency diesel inventories or face a potential ban on US diesel exports. As President Trump seeks to curb high domestic fuel prices ahead of November's midterm elections, Washington has asked European countries to release 120 million barrels of diesel over the next six months. The ultimatum follows frustration in Washington over Europe's alleged delay in fulfilling earlier commitments to release petroleum stocks amid global supply disruptions from China and the Middle East. In response, EU officials, alongside leaders from France, Germany, Italy, Ireland, and the UK, held discussions to coordinate potential releases, while France President Emmanuel Macron plans to convene a G7 video conference to address rising global energy prices.
(“US tells France and Germany to release diesel stocks or face US export ban,” Reuters, 01 October 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv urges US sanctions on Russia’s Rassvet satellite network over security risks
On 01 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine is urging the US to sanction entities and individuals involved in developing Moscow's Rassvet satellite network, a domestic alternative to SpaceX's Starlink, according to Kyiv's acting ambassador to Washington, Denys Sienik. Ukraine’s officials warned that allowing Russia’s low-orbit satellite constellation to become operational by 2027 would pose grave security risks, enabling Russian forces to target locations across Ukraine’s territory in real time. Kyiv requested expanding Western sanctions to block key components for the project, developed by Iks Holding, while also appealing for 300 additional Patriot air defence interceptors to counter surging Russian ballistic missile production. Additionally, Ukraine’s diplomats pushed Washington to allow Starlink internet coverage over Russian territory to enable strikes on missile launchers, criticising a lack of official US pushback against recent Russian missile strikes targeting American business facilities in Ukraine.
(“Ukraine urges US to sanction entities supporting Russia's Starlink rival,” Reuters, 01 October 2026)

Syria: "Beirut and Hezbollah held secret Turkey talks on security and regional tensions," says Reuters
On 01 October, Reuters reported that representatives of Syria’s new government and Hezbollah held secret, face-to-face talks in Turkey last month to ease regional tensions and discuss mutual security concerns. Initiated by Turkey’s security and intelligence agencies, the discussions focused on preventing cross-border military escalation following the late 2024 ouster of former Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. While Syria’s officials sought Hezbollah’s assistance in dismantling Syria-based sleeper cells and curbing smuggling, Hezbollah sought assurances that Damascus would not intervene militarily against its forces in Lebanon. Though both sides reported progress on security matters and affirmed a lack of hostility, no final agreement was reached partly due to frustration from Tehran over Iran's exclusion from direct participation in the talks.
(“Syrian government officials and Hezbollah held secret talks in Turkey, sources say,” Reuters, 01 October 2026)

China and Taiwan: "US officials and people suggest that China taking Taiwan by the use of force is unlikely," says Reuters 
On 01 October, Reuters reported that US officials and people familiar with US thinking suggest that China taking democratically governed Taiwan by the use of force is unlikely despite President Xi's instructions for the military's readiness by 2027. The reasons for such delay are said to include delays in military readiness, President Xi's anti-corruption campaign, and Beijing's wait to see the results of Taiwan's 2028 election. China was believed to have drawn the lesson of needing to move quickly once an invasion begins from the wars in Iran and Ukraine. On elections, in the case of President Lai Ching-te returning to power, "2028 becomes pretty sporty," said one of the US officials. Taiwan's Presidential office spokesperson Kuo said that President Lai will strengthen Taipei’s defences, work with democratic allies, deter threats, and preserve peace and the status quo. President Lai champions Taiwan's separate identity from China as opposed to President Xi's recent claim of national "reunification."
("US sees Chinese invasion of Taiwan unlikely next year despite 2027 timeline, sources say," Reuters, 01 October 2026)

Today in History
01 October 1949: Mao Zedong officially established the People’s Republic of China
On 01 October 1949, communist revolutionary Mao Zedong officially established the People’s Republic of China during a massive rally of 200,000 people at Peking’s Gate of Heavenly Peace. Standing before the newly cleared square, Mao read a proclamation declaring the new regime as the sole legal government of China and openly invited diplomatic recognition from foreign nations. Concurrently, the newly formed Central People’s Government Council appointed 51-year-old France-educated General Zhou Enlai to the powerful dual roles of Premier and Foreign Minister. The day's appointments also finalised a structural shift that integrated the old military administration directly into the state architecture, with Mao heading the People's Revolutionary Military Council and Chu Teh serving as commander-in-chief of the army. Additionally, prominent jurist Shen Chun-ju was named Chief Justice of the Supreme People's Court. While the new government announced a willingness to build relations based on equality and mutual respect for sovereignty, the US immediately withheld official recognition. This stance deepened a long political rift that was heavily criticised by America’s Republicans and further aggravated by the outbreak of the Korean War.
(“On This Day | Oct. 1,” The New York Times, 01 October 2026; “Mao Zedong proclaims People’s Republic of China,” History, 31 January 2025)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#235, 01 October 2026
Aishal Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar 

Nepal: Flood-hit families seek jobs alongside housing
On 01 October, Nepal News reported that families displaced by the Bhote Koshi-Trishuli floods are urging the government to focus on livelihoods along with housing during rehabilitation. Many survivors have lost their homes, farms and businesses and are now staying in temporary shelters or with relatives. The report highlights survivors who were displaced by the 2015 earthquake and displaced again by the 26 August flood. They say safe housing alone will not be enough to rebuild their lives. Families from Khalte in Rasuwa, for example, previously depended on agriculture and livestock farming. They are seeking support to resume farming, animal husbandry and other small businesses. Survivors have also suggested purchasing private land in areas such as Pipaltar and Majhitar and helping families establish livelihoods there. They say rehabilitation plans should consider their existing skills and sources of income.
("Beyond four walls: Flood-hit families urge government to prioritise jobs over houses," Nepal News, 01 October 2026)

Bhutan: Government adopts new indicator to measure value of nature
On 30 September, Asia News reported that Bhutan's Prime Minister Tshering Tobgay announced the adoption of the Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP), a new indicator measuring the economic value of ecosystem services, which stood at USD 6.2 billion in 2024, nearly double the country's GDP. The metric will sit alongside GDP and Gross National Happiness in assessing national development, with PM Tobgay saying it reflected the belief that development cannot be measured by economic growth alone. The initiative is supported by Stanford-based Natural Capital Alliance and the Enlight Foundation, aligning with the UN's "Beyond GDP" initiative, with Bhutan becoming the first country to officially adopt the measure, originally developed in China.
("Bhutan's new economic indicator to value nature," Asia News, 30 September 2026)

Bhutan Opinion: Yangyel Lhaden, “Bhutan rethinks primary healthcare beyond access,” Kuensel, 30 September 2026 
“For decades, the measure of primary healthcare in Bhutan was, in large part, how close a person could get to a health facility. Today, with a nationwide network of hospitals and primary health centres, roads connecting much of the country, and emergency services reaching difficult terrain, the question is becoming more complex: what should primary healthcare deliver once access is no longer the only measure of success? … Communicable diseases remain important, but noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become a major health concern … That changes what primary healthcare needs to do … Health Minister Tandin Wangchuk outlined the future of Bhutanese primary healthcare through five core shifts: moving from treatment to prevention, building lasting family and community relationships, and strengthening primary care to lower unnecessary hospital reliance … The Lyonpo also announced a two per cent increase in the annual block grant allocated solely to the health sector in the fiscal year budget.”

Bangladesh: PM warns of attempts to disrupt Bangladesh’s democratic polity by ‘errant’ political parties
On 01 October, Dhaka Tribune reported that Prime Minister Tarique Rahman accused unnamed political parties of exploiting untoward incidents to create anarchy in Bangladesh and urged citizens to remain alert to misinformation. Speaking at the inauguration of the Muhuri-Kohua Flood Control, Drainage and Irrigation Project in Feni, he warned that disruption of government initiatives would ultimately harm citizens. PM Rahman also alleged that members of a “covert group” were involved in violence against women, while noting that an investigation was ongoing. He called for protecting the democratic process, questioned the credibility of opposing political forces, and referred to their alleged conduct during 1971 and subsequent periods.
(“PM: Some political parties trying to create anarchy by exploiting untoward incidents,” Dhaka Tribune, 01 October 2026)

Bangladesh Editorial: “There is no justice without funding,” Dhaka Tribune, 01 October 2026
“This is particularly significant for Bangladesh and the Rohingya community within it. Nearly 1.2 million Rohingya refugees remain in Bangladesh, with conditions in Myanmar still unsuitable for safe, voluntary, and dignified repatriation. At the same time, humanitarian resources are shrinking. There must, therefore, be greater international responsibility-sharing. Funding for food, healthcare, shelter, education and protection must be sustained, particularly for children and other vulnerable groups. At the same time, humanitarian funding cannot substitute for a political solution. The ultimate goal must remain safe, voluntary, dignified, and sustainable repatriation to Myanmar.”

Bangladesh Editorial: “Being proactive to uphold communal harmony,” Dhaka Tribune, 01 October 2026
“The government’s decision to begin early preparations for ensuring a peaceful and safe Durga Puja is a necessary step. Early coordination among the ministries, local administrations, and law enforcement agencies is important to ensure that celebrations across the country take place in a secure and festive environment. The government has rightly emphasised vigilance at Puja mandaps, security during idol immersion, the prevention of rumours, and prompt legal action if any untoward incident occurs. However, planning alone will not be enough. At the same time, any incident that does occur must be investigated impartially, and those responsible must face the law. There should be no cover-ups, premature conclusions, or selective enforcement.”

Myanmar: Landslide leaves nine dead and eight missing in Tanintharyi
On 01 October, Mizzima reported that Rescuers have recovered nine bodies after a landslide struck Ka Det Nge Htein village in Myanmar’s southern Tanintharyi region on Saturday night. Eight people remain missing and are believed to be buried under the mud. The landslide occurred in Launglon township, about four kilometres from the Andaman Sea coast. The region experienced intense rainfall over the weekend, causing landslides and flash floods. Roads were cut, and communication lines were disrupted, making rescue and recovery operations difficult. Volunteers said some victims, including elderly residents, were buried while they were sleeping and had no time to escape. Other landslides and floods have been reported across Tanintharyi, but no official overall casualty figure has been released. Aid efforts have also been complicated by Myanmar’s ongoing civil war and divided control of the region. Rescue teams said communication with field teams sometimes requires foot messengers.
(“Rescuers pull nine bodies from Tanintharyi region landslide in flood-hit Myanmar,” Mizzima, 01 October 2026)

Sri Lanka: Vaccination to receive 100 per cent state funding from 2027
On 01 October, Daily Mirror reported that the Health Minister Dr Nalinda Jayatissa announced that Sri Lanka will achieve 100 per cent government funding for all required immunisation vaccines next year. Speaking at the State Pharmaceuticals Corporation's (SPC) 55th anniversary and Professor Senaka Bibile's 49th death anniversary event, he outlined key healthcare improvements. Medicine availability in state hospitals has risen from 50 per cent to 96 per cent, supported by an annual allocation of LKR 185 billion for medicines and surgical equipment. The government aims to eliminate procurement delays, prevent emergency purchase misuse, and boost local manufacturing.
(“100% government funding for vaccines from next year,” Daily Mirror, 01 October 2026)

Maldives: Coast Guard seizes foreign fishing vessel in Maldivian waters
On 01 October, Adhadhu reported that the Maldives Coast Guard intercepted a foreign fishing vessel operating illegally within the country's Exclusive Economic Zone, seizing it with seven crew members aboard roughly 46 nautical miles north of Haa Alif Thuraakunu. The vessel was taken into custody by Coast Guard Ship Imaduddin, a vessel gifted to the Maldives by Australia and commissioned in July, with authorities now escorting it to Haa Dhaal Kulhudhuffushi.
("Coast Guard intercepts foreign fishing vessel," Adhadhu, 01 October 2026)

Afghanistan: Pakistan claims to have killed '22 terrorists' in Afghan territory
On 01 October, Afghanistan International reported that Taliban's spokesperson Zabihullah Mujahid said “Pakistani aircraft bombed" districts of Shultan and Chugam in Kunar province as well as Garmser district in Helmand. Pakistan's Information Ministry confirmed the strikes were carried out by them inside Afghanistan and claimed that "22 terrorists" were killed in the airstrike. According to Pakistani authorities, camps and hideouts belonging to Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan and Baloch militant groups were precisely targeted at two locations in Afghanistan, killing what it called 22 terrorists and destroying large quantities of weapons and ammunition.
("Pakistan Air Strikes Hit Kunar, Helmand; Taliban Says Nine Civilians Killed," Afghanistan International, 01 October 2026)