06 SEPTEMBER, SATURDAY
The World Today #98

US: President Trump signs an executive order to rename the Department of Defence as the 'Department of War'
On 06 September, US President Trump signed an executive order to rename the Department of Defence as the Department of War. At the signing ceremony, Trump said "It's a very important change, because it's an attitude," and "It's really about winning." Having required congressional approval, this order will change the title, update signage and letterheads used by the Pentagon officials and military installations across the world. The government's now 'Secretary of War' Pete Hegseth said "We're going to go on the offence, not just on defence. Maximum lethality, not tepid legality." Critics argue that this change would not only be costly but also an unnecessary distraction for the Pentagon.

The War in Gaza: Israel prompts Palestinians to leave Gaza and bombs Hamas’ high-rise tower; Egypt says calling the displacement voluntary is “nonsense”
On 06 September, Israel’s military asked the Palestinians in Gaza City to move south before bombing a high-rise tower which was used by Hamas. Israel’s military has been carrying out strikes on the suburbs of the northern city and has now penetrated into the largest urban area. Israel’s PM Netanyahu has ordered the capture of the northern city in order to bring Gaza City out of Hamas’ stronghold and to defeat the Palestinian Islamist militants. Earlier on 05 September, the military said it had gained control of around 75 per cent of Gaza. This offensive might displace hundreds of thousands of Palestinians and Israel’s military spokesperson has stated that the residents shall flee to a designated coastal area in Southern Gaza where they would be provided food, shelter and medical care. Netanyahu stated that every individual should choose the place they live, especially during war. Likewise, Palestinians should be allowed to voluntarily leave. Egypt’s Foreign Minister responded that calling this displacement pattern of Palestinians as voluntary was “nonsense.” He added that if a manmade famine is orchestrated in Gaza, the displacement is inevitable and should not be termed as voluntary displacement.

The War in Ukraine: President Zelensky meets PM Fico in Slovakia and says Kyiv will continue responding to strikes on energy facilities amid Russian disruptions 
On 06 September, developments surrounding the war in Ukraine highlighted both military and diplomatic moves. Earlier on 05 September, President Volodymyr Zelensky met Slovakia's PM Robert Fico in Uzhhorod. President Zelensky stated that Ukraine would persist in responding to Russian attacks on its energy facilities despite criticism from Slovakia and Hungary, which have faced disrupted oil supplies as a result. The attack on the Druzhba pipeline, which channels Russian oil through Ukraine to Slovakia, triggered recent disruptions in energy supplies. President Zelensky emphasised Ukraine’s right to defend its energy infrastructure. He also indicated that Kyiv remained open to supplying oil and gas to Slovakia, provided it was not sourced from Russia. PM Fico described military attacks on “legitimate” targets as harmful to Slovakia and called for consideration of the interests of nations integrated into the regional energy network.

Lebanon: Hezbollah chief welcomes army’s plan to dismantle the group if Israel scales down operations in Southern Lebanon
On 06 September, Hezbollah official Mahmoud Qmati stated that the group welcomed the Lebanese army’s plan to dismantle the group and establish a state monopoly on arms. He stated that the plan was “an opportunity to return to wisdom and reason, preventing the country from slipping into the unknown.” On 05 September, the Lebanese cabinet had approved the army’s plan without establishing a stipulated timeframe. Earlier in August, the cabinet had tasked the army with developing a plan on establishing a state monopoly over arms trade and approved a US roadmap that demanded the dismantling of Hezbollah in exchange for a halt in Israeli military operations. Israel had also signaled agreement to the same. However, Hezbollah had “unequivocally rejected” both the demands. Qamati stated that the implementation of the new plan would not be effective without Israel halting strikes and withdrawing forces from Southern Lebanon, and that the plan should remain “suspended until further notice.”

06 September
Today in History
06 September 1991, the Soviet Union recognises Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
On 06 September 1991, the Soviet Union granted independence to the three Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. They are known as the Baltic states. In 1939, the Soviet Union occupied the three Baltic states following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. It made them Soviet Socialist Republics (SSRs). This action was not widely accepted, even though the US hosted diplomats from Baltic countries, providing them with their support. In 1941, Germany occupied them, which were recovered by the Soviet Union back in 1945. From 1987 to 1991, the Singing Revolution took place. They fought for the independence of the Baltic states, restoration of civil rights, economic reform and the end of communist rule. In 1991, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) dissolved, granting independence to all the Soviet republics, including the Baltic states - Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.

Who says what
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
Stephen S Roach, "Who’s winning the U.S.-China artificial intelligence race?," The Japan Times, 4 September 2025
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/09/04/world/china-europe-climate-connection/

Choo Jae-woo, "What lies ahead for China-NK-Russia coalition after Victory Day gathering," The Korea Times, 4 September 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/opinion/columns/columnists/choojaewoo/20250904/what-lies-ahead-for-china-nk-russia-coalition-after-victory-day-gathering

Anthony Rowley, "Shanghai spirit for new world order needs to be matched by the West," SCMP, 6 September 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3324344/shanghai-spirit-new-world-order-needs-be-matched-west?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Joseph Chinyong LiowandKhong Yuen Foong, "Anatomy of choice: why Southeast Asia is aligning with China," SCMP, 6 September 2025
https://www.scmp.com/week-asia/opinion/article/3324548/anatomy-choice-why-southeast-asia-aligning-china?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Robin Hu, "China’s multipolar ambition is making the US sit up and fire back," SCMP, 6 September 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3324312/chinas-multipolar-ambition-making-us-sit-and-fire-back?module=top_story&pgtype=section

"How Europe’s hard right threatens the economy," Economist, 6 September 2025
https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/09/04/how-europes-hard-right-threatens-the-economy

Shashi Tharoor, "India’s strategic autonomy in a multipolar world," The Hindu, 6 September 2025
https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/indias-strategic-autonomy-in-a-multipolar-world/article70016666.ece

Kanti Bajpai, "So this is what multipolarity looks like," The Indian Express, 6 September 2025
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/so-this-is-what-multipolarity-looks-like-10232941/

Timur Tarkhanov, "No, Russia isn’t ‘lost to China’ – it simply refuses to be owned," Russia Times, 5 September 2025
https://www.rt.com/news/624171-russia-not-lost-china/

Editorial, "Can Trump’s ‘War Department’ Win a War?," Wall Street Journal, 5 September 2025
https://www.wsj.com/opinion/department-of-war-donald-trump-pete-hegseth-military-eaaef539?mod=hp_opin_pos_2

Editorial, "Putin Sends Trump Two More Bad Signals," Wall Street Journal, 5 September 2025
https://www.wsj.com/opinion/russia-vladimir-putin-plane-gps-jamming-ursula-von-der-leyen-donald-trump-ukraine-05a2595d?mod=hp_opin_pos_3
 

05 SEPTEMBER, FRIDAY
The World Today #97

Thailand: Anutin Charnvirakul becomes the third Prime Minister in two years following the Constitutional Court’s removal of Paetongtarn Shinawatra
On 05 September, Thailand’s parliament elected Anutin Charnvirakul as prime minister, third in two years, following the Constitutional Court’s removal of Paetongtarn Shinawatra last week for ethical violations related to a border dispute with Cambodia. Anutin, from the Bhumjaithai party (69 of 500 seats), secured the premiership by breaking from the Pheu Thai-led coalition and gaining support from the People’s Party, the largest in the parliament, although its reformist stance conflict with Anutin’s royalist views. Bhumjaithai, known for transactional politics, previously allied with both conservative and Pheu Thai. Paetongtarn’s dismissal marks the fifth court-ordered removal of a Thaksin Shinawatra-backed prime minister. The People’s Party, barred from forming a government, agreed to support Anutin’s premiership on conditions of an election within four months and constitutional amendments. In the recent past, Thailand has seen multiple administrations deposed by court interventions and military coups.

The War in Ukraine: 26 nations at the Paris summit vow postwar security guarantees for Kyiv; President Putin warns western troops are ‘legitimate targets’ 
On 05 September, at a Paris summit, France's President Emmanuel Macron announced that 26 countries pledged to provide security guarantees for Ukraine once the war ends, including deploying troops on land, sea, and air or offering training and equipment support. President Volodymyr Zelensky said today that once security guarantees are finalised, “thousands” of Western troops could be deployed to Ukraine. Russia's President Vladimir Putin declared that any Western troops sent to Ukraine would be considered “legitimate targets” by Moscow during ongoing hostilities, rejecting the idea that such forces could bring stability to the region.

US and Europe: Lithuania says the US informed Europe of a reduction in military aid
On 05 September, Lithuania's Defence Ministry Policy Director, Vaidotas Urbelis, stated that the US Department of Defense informed European countries last week that military support under a programme known as Section 333 "will be set at zero for all European countries" from the next fiscal year. Section 333 is an authority under the US Code in which the US can provide training and equipment to enhance the capabilities of foreign security forces of partner states or ally countries. Urbelis stated that Lithuania suggested it take control of funding of the Baltic Security Initiative programme, which is focused on the three Baltic states comprising Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. Further, Urbelis clarified that Section 333 funding being discontinued to Europe does not affect the deployment of US troops nor the support provided through the separate US programme called Foreign Military Financing, which is administered by the US Department of State. This development is part of a larger agenda of the Trump administration to phase out security assistance for European countries bordering Russia. It is reported that on the first day of his second term, President Trump will reevaluate and review security assistance provided to the Baltic states.

The War in Gaza: Forty per cent of Gaza under IDF control as military chief threatens military rule over the enclave; Egypt condemns mass displacement of Palestinians, vows that “we will not let that happen”
On 05 September,  Israeli military spokesperson Brigadier General Effie Defrin stated that 40 per cent of Gaza City is under IDF control and that “the operation will continue to expand and intensify in the coming days." He also confirmed that army Chief of Staff Eyal Zamir told cabinet ministers military rule would be imposed on Gaza. On the same day, Egypt staunchly condemned the mass displacement of Palestinians, referring to Israel’s offensive on Gaza as ‘genocide’. Egyptian Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty stated that displacement is a “red line for Egypt and we will not allow it to happen.” He also added that "displacement means liquidation and the end of the Palestinian cause and there is no legal or moral or ethical ground to evict people from their homeland."  Finland has also joined the Saudi-Arabia and France-led declaration on a peaceful resolution of the Palestinian conflict and the implementation of the two-state solution.

DRC: UN Human Rights Office report states war crimes and human rights violations by M23 rebel group, Congolese armed forces and other affiliated armed groups
On 05 September, the UN Human Rights office stated that the M23 rebel group and Congolese armed forces had committed grave violations of human rights in eastern DRC that may count as war crimes. This is the first UN report to scrutinise whether the abuses may amount to crimes against humanity and war crimes. The report by the UN Human Rights Office’s Fact-Finding Mission probed the gross violations of international humanitarian law due to fighting in North and South Kivu that resulted in the killing of thousands and the displacement of hundreds of thousands this year. The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Türk, has commented, saying, "The atrocities described in this report are horrific." The report exemplified systematic sexual violence against women with instances of gang rape that "degrade, punish, and break the dignity of victims." The M23 has previously denied such allegations. The report also stated that DRC armed forces and affiliated armed groups such as Wazalendo, which is known as a pro-government militia, have also committed such abuses. While the report probed into the recurrent rape cases, it could not determine that these acts were state policy.

Sudan: UN Human Rights Council-mandated mission says the Rapid Support Forces committed crimes against humanity in al-Fashir Siege
On 05 September, the UN-mandated mission stated multiple crimes were committed against humanity during the siege of al-Fashir by Sudan’s paramilitary Rapid Support Forces in the North Darfur region amid Sudan’s ongoing civil war. These crimes include large-scale killings, sexual and gender-based violence, the destruction of livelihoods, and starvation as a warfare tactic, depriving civilians of essentials like food and medicine. The 18-page UN report is based on more than 200 interviews with survivors of violence, as well as video material and submissions from civil organisations. The conflict, now in its third year, stems from a 2023 dispute over military integration. Neither side responded to the allegations, having previously dismissed similar accusations.

05 September
Today in History
05 September 2000: Tuvalu becomes the 189th member of the UN
On 05 September 2000, Tuvalu was declared as the 189th member of the UN. From 1892 to 1916, Tuvalu also known as the Ellice Islands, were administered under the British Western Pacific Territories (BWPT) as British protectorate. From 1916 to 1976, it became a part of the Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony. In 1974, the Ellice Islanders voted for separate British dependency status as Tuvalu, resulting in the separation of the Gilbert Islands and the Ellice Islands. On 1 October 1975, the Colony of Tuvalu gained independence. On 5 September 2000, Tuvalu became the 189th member of the United Nations. It aimed to tackle climate change and environmental issues of the state. In 2001, as one of the smallest UN states Tuvalu established its permanent membership in the UN aiming to develop its global identity and form diplomatic relations with foreign countries.

04 SEPTEMBER, THURSDAY
The World Today #96

China, North Korea and Russia: Beijing stands ready to strengthen traditional friendly cooperative relations with Pyongyang; Moscow and Pyongyang reaffirm "steadfast will" to elevate ties
On 04 September, China's President Xi and North Korea's President Kim held bilateral talks. China's foreign ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun said "China stands ready to strengthen strategic communication and enhance exchanges and cooperation with the DPRK, deepen the sharing of governance experience, and advance the respective socialist causes and the traditional friendly cooperative relations between China and the DPRK." Regarding the bilateral meeting between President Kim and President Putin held in Beijing, North Korea's state media KCNA reported that that President Kim said his country would "fully support" Russia's army as a "fraternal duty", and Russian President Vladimir Putin called the two countries' ties "special ones of trust, friendship and alliance" at the meeting held on the previous day. The report added that both presidents deliberated long-term plans for partnership and reaffirmed their "steadfast will" to elevate bilateral relations to a high level.

The War in Ukraine: Paris meeting of allies pushes for security guarantees for Kyiv amid doubts over US backing 
On 04 September, about 30 Western leaders met in Paris with Ukraine's President Zelensky under the “Coalition of the Willing,” aiming to finalise security guarantee plans for Ukraine in the event of a peace deal with Russia. These “technical plans,” prepared by military staff, were supported by European leaders as a sign of readiness to ensure Ukraine’s security post-conflict. However, a clear US commitment remains temporary. European officials stressed that any deployment or military role must be backed by American support as a “backstop,” yet President Trump has not made an explicit pledge . In parallel, France and Britain signaled readiness to contribute troops to a reassurance force pending a ceasefire, while allies discussed extending NATO style air and intelligence support to Ukraine. NATO Secretary-General Mark Rutte stated that clarity on the guarantees is expected soon, emphasising the greater coordination, especially coordination with the US will be essential.

The War in Gaza: Israeli President meets Pope Leo XIV; 70,000 Palestinians flee from Gaza; Hamas announces to strike a deal and end the war
On 04 September, Israeli President Isaac Herzog met Pope Leo XIV. Even though details of the meeting and the time duration was not disclosed, it is evident that Pope Leo expressed his concerns towards Israel. He called to end the war with a “strong appeal”. Rueters reported that Israel attacked Gaza City's Zeitoun, Sabra, Tuffah, and Shejaia districts. 53 residents were killed during the attack. 70,000 Palestinians evacuated from Gaza following Israel's orders. Head of the Palestinian NGOs Network, Amjad al-Shawa said that this was going to be the most dangerous displacement since the war started. The residents were the targets in the attack and even the humanitarian zones weren't safe anymore. Hamas announced it's readiness for a deal that would release all 20 Israeli hostages in exchange for the release of an agreed number of Palestinian prisoners. This was criticised by Israel Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. He said it was yet another notion by Hamas and there wasn't anything new in it. This announcement came right after US President Donald Trump called on Hamas to release all hostages.

Iran-Australia: Tehran reduces diplomatic presence following Canberra's suspension of Iran's ambassador
On 04 September, Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Esmaeil Baghaei, stated that Iran has reduced the level of diplomatic presence in Australia after Canberra suspended Iran’s ambassador. This downgrade in diplomatic ties occurred after Australia accused Iran of directing two antisemitic arson attacks in Sydney and Melbourne. Australia’s Prime Minister, Anthony Albanese, stated that the country's embassy in Iran was suspended and Canberra’s diplomats are being made safe in a third country. Baghaei has addressed the issue of arson attacks by stating that "The accusation of antisemitism against Iran is ridiculous and baseless." Iran’s embassy in Australia is still continuing to provide consular services.

Thailand: Pheu Thai Party to field candidate for the upcoming parliamentary vote on the premiership
On 04 September, Thailand’s ruling Pheu Thai Party announced it would nominate Chaikasem Nitisiri, a veteran lawyer with limited cabinet experience, for this week's parliamentary vote on the premiership. This follows Paetongtarn Shinawatra’s exit from the position of Prime minister to a court ruling last week. Pheu Thai Party's announcement seeks to challenge candidate Anutin Charnvirakul of the Bhumjaithai Party. Pheu Thai stated it is prepared to dissolve parliament and call a snap election should Chaikasem secure the necessary votes, according to Secretary-General Sorawong Thienthong. The decision could challenge a pact between Bhumjaithai and the People’s Party, which agreed to back Anutin in exchange for his commitment to dissolve the house within four months. The People’s Party, holding nearly one-third of parliamentary seats and favouring a new election, confirmed it will honour the agreement. "We have already signed a contract with Bhumijaithai. We stand by the original resolution," stated the People’s Party deputy leader.  Pheu Thai has also petitioned the King for dissolution, with acting premier Phumtham Wechayachai stating, “We will immediately dissolve parliament so that the democratic system can continue," if Chaikasem is elected.

Indonesia: Students prepare to stage protests in Jakarta over police violence
On 04 September, an Indonesian student group said that students are preparing to stage protests at the parliament building in Jakarta. These student groups have also proposed to hold a meeting with the government on the ongoing protests that have resulted in over 10 people being killed. The coalition of student bodies, known locally as BEM SI, cited “corruption and the politicisation of the law” behind “people's anxiety.” It is reported that the deputy house speaker, Sufmi Dasco Ahmad, invited protesters to meet with the government on 04 September. However, BEM SI leader Muzammil Ihsan said that there had been no follow-up on the invitation. This development comes after ten student unions met with parliamentarians on 03 September, calling for an independent investigation into police violence. Demonstrations in the country have turned violent because of alleged police brutality against protestors, with the death of a motorcycle taxi driver due to a collision with a police vehicle being the immediate trigger. Initially, anti-government protests began in various cities of Indonesia due to citizens’ concerns about state spending priorities, including benefits for lawmakers.

Afghanistan: Kunar and Nangarhar provinces hit hard by quakes; death toll tops 2,200; survivors face aid shortage
On 04 September, according to Taliban officials, Afghanistan's earthquakes as the confirmed death toll topped 2,200, and injured more than 3,600. In parts of Kunar, all structures were 98 per cent damaged, and the earthquakes demolished over 6,700 homes, displacing thousands and impacting around 84,000 people. The United Nations highlights an escalating crisis, with the critical scarcity of food and medical resources.  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies said that “Humanitarian needs are vast and growing rapidly." The World Food Programme has supplies for just four more weeks, and the World Health Organization faces a USD 3 million shortfall, saying it was critical to keep medicines, trauma kits, and essential commodities flowing amid rising demand.

03 SEPTEMBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #95

China: Presidents of China, North Korea and Russia meet on the sidelines of Beijing's largest military parade; "The great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation is unstoppable," says President Xi 
On 03 September, China's President Xi, Russia's President Putin and North Korea's President Kim were seen together for the first time presiding over the 'Victory parade' from atop the Gate of Heavenly Peace. US President Trump wrote on his social media “May President Xi and the wonderful people of China have a great and lasting day of celebration. Please give my warmest regards to Vladimir Putin and Kim Jong Un, as you conspire against the United States of America.” On sidelines of the parade, Putin invited Kim to Russia and thanked Pyongyang for the assistance to fight against Ukraine during their two and a half hour long bilateral talks. Xi said "Chinese-style modernisation is modernisation along the path of peaceful development. China will always be a force for peace, stability and progress in the world," and "We sincerely hope that all countries will draw lessons from history, value peace and work together to... create a brighter future for humanity." On sidelines of the parade, Putin invited Kim to Russia and thanked Pyongyang for the assistance to fight against Ukraine during their two and a half hour long bilateral talks. China's largest military parade took place as part of 'Victory Day' celebrations, which commemorated the 80th anniversary of the country's victory against Japan in World War II.

US and Venezuela: President Trump says the US military killed 11 people in a strike on an alleged drug vessel from Venezuela
On 02 September, US President Donald Trump announced that the US military conducted a strike on a vessel from Venezuela allegedly carrying illegal narcotics, which “resulted in 11 terrorists killed in action.” Trump confirmed that “no US Forces were harmed in this strike.” Trump said that “there's more where that came from,” asserting that “a lot of drugs” have been pouring into the US from Venezuela "for a long time.” Further, Trump said that the US military had identified the crew as members of a Venezuelan cartel called Tren de Aragua. Tren de Aragua was designated by the US as a terrorist group in February this year. Trump reiterated that Tren de Aragua is controlled by Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro. Additionally, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said that these drugs “were probably headed to Trinidad or some other country in the Caribbean.” This development comes after the US deployed multiple warships in the Southern Caribbean in the past few weeks, intending to counter drug cartels.

Thailand: Bhumjaithai party claims majority support; Ruling party petitions for a snap election
On 03 September, the leader of the Bhumjaithai Party stated that he had gathered enough votes to become the prime minister. The ruling party has sought a snap election by petitioning the king. This comes after the court dismissed Prime Minister Paetongtarn Shinawatra of the Pheu Thai Party on grounds of ethics. Bhumjaithai was once part of the ruling coalition and quit the alliance in June. It has been gathering support in parliament ever since. People’s Party, which has nearly a third of the lower house seats, has promised to support Bhumjaithai on condition of dissolving parliament and holding fresh elections within four months. Pheu Thai has urged the monarch to dissolve parliament immediately by arguing that it will restore stability and end the deadlock.

US and Mexico: The US Secretary of State to visit Mexico and Ecuador amidst the US crackdown on illegal migrants and cartels
On 03 September, the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio flies to Mexico and Ecuador for the first time since taking office. The visit comes in the midst of the US crackdown on illegal immigration and drug cartels. The Trump administration had recently deployed several  warships in the southern Caribbean to crack down on drug cartels. A statement from the US Department of State highlighted that the visit aims to advance key US interests in the region, including “swift and decisive action to dismantle cartels, halt fentanyl trafficking, end illegal immigration, reduce the trade deficit, and promote economic prosperity and counter malign extra continental actors.” Several Latin American leaders, including Mexican President Claudia Sheinbaum, had condemned recent immigration raids in the United States.

The War in Gaza: Israeli forces enter Sheikh Radwan, a day after nearly 40,000 reservists began reporting for duty ahead of planned offensive in Gaza
On 03 September, Israeli forces advanced further into Gaza City, with soldiers and tanks entering Sheikh Radwan, one of its largest and densely populated neighborhoods. The push came a day after 40,000 reservists began reporting for duty in preparation for a planned offensive in Gaza city. Residents reported that the military dropped grenades on three schools in the Sheikh Radwan area, which had been serving as shelters for displaced Palestinians. At least 24 Palestinians including children were killed by the military, according to local health officials.

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches over 500 drones and missiles across Ukraine; Zelenskyy heads for a summit with Nordic and Baltic states ahead of the 'coalition of the willing' meeting
On 03 September, Reuters reported that Russia launched more than 500 drones and dozens of missiles overnight, striking infrastructure at 14 sites across Ukraine and injuring four railway workers, according to Ukrainian regional and military officials.  Zelenskyy stated that he would attend a summit with Nordic and Baltic states on 03 September before traveling to France to meet EU and US allies to discuss next steps in "the coalition of the willing" grouping countries that have pledged to support Ukraine.  "We will be discussing the need for strong pressure measures with our partners in the coming days,” stated Zelenskyy.

Australia: Nauru to receive USD 1.62 billion to host deported non-citizens
On 03 September, Australia agreed to pay Nauru AUD 2.5 billion (USD 1.62 billion) over 30 years to host non-citizens deported under a new law expected to pass on 04 September, streamlining third-country deportations. This law has received criticism from human rights groups that it was "dumping" refugees in small island nations. Nauru will receive AUD 400 million upfront and AUD 70 million annually, funds that could be reclaimed if fewer deportees are accepted. The new scheme targets non-citizens with criminal records or visa rejections, unable to return to countries like Iran, Myanmar, or Iraq because of the risk of being oppressed. Critics, including the Asylum Seeker Resource Centre, call it “Trump-like,” warning of inadequate healthcare and rushed legislation lacking public scrutiny.

03 September
Today in History
03 September 1783: The Treaty of Paris brings an end to the American Revolutionary Wars and lays the foundation to the United States of America 
On 03 September, Great Britain and the United States of America signed the Treaty of Paris, formally ending the American Revolutionary War. The treaty recognised the independence of the thirteen American colonies and established the United States as a sovereign nation. It also defined territorial boundaries, granting the US land from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River, while returning Florida to Spain and recognising French interests in the Caribbean and Africa. Negotiated in Paris by American envoys Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams, the treaty reflected both diplomatic skill and the geopolitical realities following Britain’s defeat. Though it secured independence, the treaty left unresolved issues, including debts owed to British creditors and the treatment of Loyalists who supported the Crown. Despite these challenges, the Treaty of Paris marked a turning point in world history, setting the stage for America’s growth as a new republic.

02 SEPTEMBER, TUESDAY
The World Today #94

China, Russia and North Korea: Beijing, Moscow ties are at an "unprecedentedly high level," says Putin; Kim Jong Un reaches Beijing for the 'Victory Day' Parade
On 02 September, in the background of the upcoming 'Victory Day' parade in China, Russia's President Putin and China's President Xi held bilateral talks. The talk resulted in increased supplies of Russia's gas to China, and Beijing offered free travel to Russians during a year-long trial. Putin stated that the ties are at an "unprecedentedly high level," and said "We were always together then, and we remain together now." Xi said "China-Russia relations have withstood the test of international changes" and Beijing will stand with Moscow to "promote the construction of a more just and reasonable global governance system." Shortly after the talks, North Korea's President Kim Jong Un arrived in Beijing in his armoured train. The upcoming military parade will mark his first multilateral-level talks.

Afghanistan: Eastern region hit by devastating earthquake; death toll tops 1400 
On 02 September, the death toll in Afghanistan rose sharply following the devastating earthquake that struck on 01 September. A powerful 6.0 magnitude earthquake struck the mountainous eastern provinces of Kunar and Nangarhar, killing at least 1,411 people and injuring over 3,100, according to Taliban authorities and the Afghan Red Crescent Society. More than 5,400 homes were destroyed and over 12,000 people were affected. The shallow quake hit near midnight, catching many residents off guard in their sleep. Rescue operations are underway, but mountainous terrain, blocked roads, and unfavourable weather have severely hampered access to isolated villages. Helicopters and commandos have been deployed, while humanitarian agencies like UNICEF deliver shelter, medical supplies, and hygiene kits. International actors including the UK, India, China, the EU, and the UAE have pledged aid. Many deliveries remain pending amid concerns over funding shortfalls and the Taliban government’s isolation.

The War in Gaza: Thousands of Israeli reservists report for duty ahead of planned offensive in Gaza; Military chief pushes for ceasefire; Belgium to recognise Palestine in UNGA; 86 killed across Gaza in last 24 hours
On 02 September 2025, around 40,000 Israeli reservists began reporting for duty, said Israeli Army Radio, ahead of a planned offensive in Gaza City. This comes despite warnings from military leadership. PM Benjamin Netanyahu, backed by his security cabinet, has pushed to accelerate the campaign to seize Gaza City, with Israel already controlling about 75 per cent of the Strip. In a cabinet meeting on 31 August, difficult exchanges took place between ministers pressing for escalation and the military chief pushing for a ceasefire. Military chief Eyal Zamir said the campaign risks hostages, highlighted overstretched forces, and humanitarian needs. Some reservists have openly criticised the government’s lack of a coherent strategy, post-war plan, or clear victory goals, reported Reuters. "I don't feel like I'm doing anything that really applies significant pressure to have Hamas release the hostages," a combat reservist told Reuters. Meanwhile, Belgium’s Foreign Minister stated the country will recognise a Palestinian state at the UN General Assembly. On the same day, Local health authorities reported at least 86 killed and dozens wounded across Gaza in Israeli strikes in the last 24 hours.

Thailand: Ruling Pheu Thai party prepares to dissolve parliament, People’s Party emerges as kingmaker
On 02 September, Secretary General of Thailand’s Pheu Thai party, Sorawong Thienthong, said that the party was evaluating its options between nominating its own candidate Chaikasem Nitisiri for Thailand’s premiership or calling for a general election. This development comes ahead of the parliament’s special session, scheduled to be held on 03 September. Sorawong asserted that the party “will submit Chaikasem Nitisiri” if there is a vote determined for prime minister selection. However, Sorawong clarified that Pheu Thai will “proceed with the process” 
If “the People's Party have the decision to vote for Anutin” refers to Bhumjaithai's leader Anutin Charnvirakul. The People's Party, which is the single largest party in the country’s parliament, reiterated that it will not join any government and supports house dissolution. However, it is reported that the party convened a meeting to decide whether it should lend support to Pheu Thai or Bhumjaithai to form the next government. 
Uncertainty and chaos have continued to prevail over Thailand’s politics ever since the Pheu Thai party’s leader, Paetongtarn Shinawatra, was suspended as Prime Minister by Thailand’s Constitutional Court in July this year. On 29 August, the Constitutional Court ruled 6–3 against Paetongtarn over an ethics violation, formally removing her from office.

Burkina Faso: Parliament passes law; criminalises LGBTQ+ expressions; introduces fines, prison sentences, and sanctions 
On 02 September, Burkina Faso’s parliament passed a new law banning activities associated with LGBTQ+ practices. The Justice Minister stated that they are introducing fines, prison sentences, and sanctions for persons convicted. The legislation, part of the updated Persons and Family Code, imposes prison terms of two to five years and fines for those found guilty. It also allows for the deportation of non-citizens who repeatedly violate the law. Additionally, the law revises regulations concerning nationality and statelessness. The legislation was approved unanimously by the 71-member unelected parliament and is awaiting the signature of military junta leader Ibrahim Traore. The government presents the law as a modernisation of family and nationality laws, but it has raised concerns among rights advocates for curbing freedoms. This move follows a trend in conservative African nations, while others, such as South Africa, have adopted more inclusive policies.

02 September
Today in History
02 September 1945: The End of World War II
On 02 September 1945, World War II formally concluded after six years of global conflict. The collapse of Nazi Germany led to the conclusion of the war in Europe. The Allied invasion of Normandy on 06 June 1944 and the series of advances into German territory from both the western and eastern fronts marked the trigger to the event. In April 1945, Soviet forces captured Berlin, and shortly afterwards, Adolf Hitler died by suicide. Germany surrendered unconditionally on 07 May 1945 and it led to the official end of the war in Europe on 08 May, known as Victory in Europe Day. In the Pacific, Japan refused to surrender despite heavy losses. In response, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 06 and 09 August. Alongside the Soviet Union's declaration of war against Japan and the invasion of Manchuria, which marked the official end of World War II. Japan announced its surrender on August 15. The formal surrender ceremony was held aboard the USS Missouri on 02 September 1945.

02 September 1945: Ho Chi Minh announces the declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam
On 02 September, the declaration of independence of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was announced at Ba Dinh Square in Hanoi. It was written by President Ho Chi Minh. The proclamation led to the formation of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, also known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. In 1887, France formed French Indochina, and Vietnam became a protectorate of France. In 1940, French Indochina was occupied by Japan. In 1941, Ho Chi Minh, a communist, formed the Viet Minh to fight against the French colonial authorities and the Japanese occupying forces. On 13 August 1945, he led the August Revolution that took place till 28 August. On 25 August 1945, the Vietnamese monarchy was abolished, and on 28 August 1945, the Provisional Government of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was established. On 01 September 1945, the Vietnamese Provisional National Government by the Vietnam Revolutionary League (Việt Cách) in Móng Cái was established, which resulted in the declaration of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. That proclamation laid the foundation for the formation of the state of Vietnam.

01 SEPTEMBER, MONDAY
The World Today #92-93

SCO Summit: The summit kickstarts in Tianjin; Discusses framework for the new development bank and global governance
On 01 September, the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation's (SCO) 25th summit began in Tianjin, China. More than 20 leaders from around the world attended the meeting. President Xi said "We must continue to take a clear stand against hegemonism and power politics, and practise true multilateralism," and added that "Global governance has reached a new crossroads." Further, he put forward aspirations for the SCO development bank and a new framework for global governance. He said " SCO had become a “proactive force for world peace and development”, including tackling the “three evils” of terrorism, separatism and extremism." President Putin commented on China and India for their efforts to "facilitate the resolution of the Ukrainian crisis," and said the SCO had revived "genuine multilateralism," and "This, in turn, lays the political and socio-economic groundwork for the formation of a new system of stability and security in Eurasia." He held bilateral talks with India's Prime Minister Modi. "India has played a very positive role as a member of the SCO. India’s vision and policy for the SCO is based on three important pillars. S - Security, C- Connectivity and O - Opportunity,” stated PM Modi. He suggested Civilizational Dialogue Forum, and quoting the Pahalgam attack, he said “Any kind of double standard is not acceptable on the issue of terrorism.”

Yemen: Israeli airstrike kills the Prime Minister of Yemen’s Houthi-led government; Houthis vow revenge
On 30 August, an Israeli airstrike in the capital Sanaa killed Ahmad Ghaleb al-Rahwi, the prime minister of Yemen’s Houthi-led government, and several ministers. This is the first attack to target such a high-ranking official, striking a group gathered to view a speech by Houthi leader Abdul Malik al-Houthi. Israel stated it aimed at the Houthis’ chief of staff, defence minister, and other senior officials. On 1 September, thousands mourned at the largest mosque in Yemen's capital, Sanaa, chanting anti-American and anti-Israeli slogans while vowing revenge. Mohammed Miftah, now interim leader, promised retribution and a crackdown on spies, declaring the group faces an alarming the global intelligence network.

The War in Gaza: Israel’s campaign in Gaza classified as genocide by the International Association of Genocide Scholars; Passes resolution urging Israel to “immediately cease all acts that constitute genocide....against Palestinians in Gaza.”
On 01 September, the International Association of Genocide Scholars passed a resolution declaring that Israel's actions in Gaza have “met the legal definition of genocide in Article II of the United Nations Convention for the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (1948).” Eighty-six per cent of voters among the 500 scholars backed the three-page resolution calling for Israel to "immediately cease all acts that constitute genocide, war crimes and crimes against humanity against Palestinians in Gaza.” The Genocide Convention was adopted by the UN in 1948 in the wake of the Nazi holocaust against the Jews and defines genocide as crimes committed "with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such". The association highlighted several of Israel’s actions as acts of genocide, including deliberate violence against and killing of civilians, including children, starvation, deprivation of human aid, sexual and reproductive violence, and forced displacement of the population. The resolution also classifies the Hamas attack on Israel as an international crime. Ismail Al-Thawabta, director of the Hamas-run Gaza government media office, responded that the resolution “places a legal and moral obligation on the international community to take urgent action to stop the crime, protect civilians, and hold the leaders of the occupation accountable." Israeli authorities are yet to respond to the resolution.

Indonesia: President says parliamentarian benefits were cut down to abate anti-government protests; says Reuters
On 31 August, Indonesian President Prabowo Subianto said that political parties decided to cut parliamentary benefits to abate the anti-government protests. It included the size of allowances for members of parliament and a moratorium on overseas work trips. He deployed police and armed forces to take action against protestors. The officers said that “some bore the sign of terrorism and treason”. On 31 August, a local disaster management agency stated that five people were killed during the protests. The protests were initiated by student associations. They demonstrated against excessive pay and housing allowance for lawmakers. They criticised the President's announcements saying they were “excessive” for using the terms “terrorism and treason”. Chairman of a smaller student group, Indonesian Student League for Democracy said that the core problems, “political oligarchy and an unequal economic structure" weren't addressed. Further demonstrations were also planned as removing lawmakers perks was “not enough.”

01 September
Today in History 
01 September 1939: World War II begins as Germany invades Poland 
On 01 September, Germany invaded Poland, triggering the start of World War II. The invasion was a direct result of Adolf Hitler’s aggressive expansionist policies and his disregard for the Treaty of Versailles. Using the tactic of Blitzkrieg, German forces advanced into Polish territory. In response, Britain and France declared war on Germany on 03 September, formally beginning the war. The war soon spread across Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Pacific, eventually drawing in major powers including the Soviet Union, the United States, and Japan. Over the next six years, World War II became the deadliest war in human history, leading to the deaths of an estimated 70-85 million people, including civilians and soldiers. It led to the creation of the United Nations and set the stage for the Cold War.

01 September 1969: Muammar Gaddafi leads coup in Libya
On 01 September 1969, Libyan army captain Muammar Gaddafi led a coup that ended the monarchy of King Idris I. The coup was driven by growing dissatisfaction over allegations of corruption, reliance on Western powers, and uneven distribution of oil wealth. Influenced by Arab nationalism, Gaddafi and the Free Unionist Officers Movement, composed of junior officers, seized power while Idris was in Turkey. The coup secured Tripoli and Benghazi, deposed the monarchy, and proclaimed the Libyan Arab Republic, with Gaddafi emerging as its leader. Qaddafi pursued a blend of Arab nationalist, Islamic, and socialist policies. He expelled foreign military bases, nationalised oil, reinstated Islamic laws, and launched welfare and education programs that improved living standards. However, his anti-Western stance and opposition to peace initiatives with Israel increasingly isolated Libya. During the 1980s, his regime was accused of supporting terrorism. From the late 1990s, Qaddafi sought rapprochement with the West and Africa. His 42-year rule ended in 2011 during the Arab Spring, with his capture and death in Sirte.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
Editorial, "SCO Tianjin Summit showcases the charm of genuine multilateralism," Global Times, 1 September 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202508/1342236.shtml

"Xi, Putin and Modi are grinning and smiling, but at whom?," SCMP, 1 September 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3323934/xi-putin-and-modi-are-grinning-and-smiling-whom?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

Tenzin Dorjee and Gyal Lo, "Beijing’s Dangerous Game in Tibet: How Controlling the Dalai Lama’s Succession Could Backfire," Foreign Affairs, 1 September 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/beijings-dangerous-game-tibet

Vitaly Ryumshin, "Could Russia have joined NATO?," RT, 30 August 2025
https://www.rt.com/russia/623716-could-russia-have-joined-nato/

"India Was the Economic Alternative to China. Trump Ended That," New York Times, 1 September 2025
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/09/01/business/india-china-trump-tariffs.html