31 OCTOBER, Friday
The World Today #152
The War in Gaza: Hamas hands over the bodies of two deceased hostages to Israel
On 30 October, Hamas handed over the bodies of two deceased Israeli hostages to Israel, a day after the US-backed fragile Gaza ceasefire was disrupted by Israeli airstrikes. The Israeli military confirmed late on 30 October that the bodies were identified and returned for burial. Under the ceasefire, Hamas agreed to release all living hostages in exchange for nearly 2,000 Palestinian prisoners and detainees. The agreement also required Hamas to transfer the remains of 28 deceased hostages in return for 360 Palestinian militants killed during the conflict. As of 30 October, 15 bodies had been returned. Israel has accused Hamas of delaying the remaining transfers, while Hamas maintains that locating and recovering all remains requires time. The disagreement over the recovery and handover of bodies remains a key challenge in implementing the broader 20-point peace plan aimed at ending the war. The hostages' handover follows Israel's retaliatory airstrikes on 28-29 October after a Palestinian attack that killed one Israeli soldier. According to Gaza's health ministry, the bombardments killed 104 people, including 46 children and 20 women. Israel stated that the strikes targeted dozens of militants.

The War in Ukraine: The Financial Times reports that the US cancelled a planned Budapest summit between President Trump and President Putin
On 31 October, the Financial Times reported that the United States cancelled a planned Budapest summit between President Trump and President Putin due to Moscow's strong stance on hardline demands concerning Ukraine. The decision followed a call between Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov and US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, after which Rubio informed Trump that Russia showed no willingness to negotiate, the FT report stated. Moscow had demanded Ukrainian territorial concessions, a steep reduction of its armed forces, and guarantees against NATO membership as preconditions for a ceasefire. The Financial Times noted that these terms were reiterated in a Russian memo sent to Washington days after the two leaders had agreed to meet in Budapest. The White House and Russian officials have not confirmed this news, says Reuters. Earlier this month, President Zelenskyy stated that Kyiv is open to peace talks but will not withdraw troops from additional territory first to meet Russian demands.

China and Canada: President Xi and PM Carney discuss trade and the advancement of bilateral relations on the sidelines of APEC
On 31 October, on the sidelines of APEC in South Korea, China's President Xi Jinping held talks with Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney. They discussed solutions for trade issues, including agricultural and agri-food products, as well as electric vehicles. According to a statement from PM Carney's office, it has also been decided to deepen cooperation in energy, agriculture, manufacturing, climate change, and international finance. China's state broadcaster CCTV reported that President XI stated that China values Canada's stated readiness to improve bilateral relations and China was willing to work with Canada to put ties back on track. Additionally, both sides agreed to promote the China–Canada strategic partnership.

India and the US: Washington and New Delhi sign a 10-year defence framework agreement
On 31 October, India's Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth signed a 10-year Defence Framework Agreement between the two countries at the ASEAN Defence Summit in Malaysia. Rajnath Singh described it as a "signal" of our growing strategic convergence, stating that it would "usher in a new era in our already strong defence partnership." Pete Hegseth described the framework as "a cornerstone for regional stability and deterrence," emphasising enhanced coordination, information sharing, and technological cooperation. The pact provides long-term policy direction across the full spectrum of defence collaboration and reinforces the commitment to a "free, open, and rules-based Indo-Pacific." The agreement comes in the backdrop of efforts to repair strained relations after Washington imposed 50 per cent tariffs on Indian goods over New Delhi's Russian oil imports, which had led India to pause US defence purchases. The meeting between Singh and Hegseth marked the first since the tariffs, reflecting a mutual intent to revitalise defence engagement.

US and the Philippines: Pentagon announces joint task force to strengthen operations in South China Sea and beyond
On 31 October, the US and Philippines launched Task Force-Philippines to bolster military readiness and interoperability, the Pentagon announced. Unveiled after US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth's fourth meeting with Philippine counterpart Gilberto Teodoro at an ASEAN defence forum in Kuala Lumpur, the task force aims to strengthen operational cooperation and joint planning in contested waters. Pentagon spokesman Sean Parnell stated, "This will increase operational cooperation, improve combined planning, and enhance interoperability, particularly in the South China Sea." Backed by their mutual defence treaty, the allies pledged to "re-establish deterrence" against China's aggressive postures, including clashes with Manila and strains near Taiwan. They also finalised a two-year modernisation roadmap to fast-track defence priorities, signalling a deeper US commitment to Indo-Pacific stability amid Beijing's encroachments.

Who says What
Opinions and views from around the world
Editorial, "China and the US can work together to accomplish more great and concrete things," Global Times, 31 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1347017.shtml

"Xi puts forward five-point proposal for building Asia-Pacific community," Global Times, 31 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1347032.shtml

Editorial, "A new dawn for alliance," The Korea Times, 31 October 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/opinion/editorial/20251030/ed-a-new-dawn-for-alliance

"Xi-Carney talks open door for Canada to ‘make up for lost time’ with China," South China Morning Post, 31 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3331119/xi-carney-talks-open-door-canada-make-lost-time-china?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"Beyond a trade deal: are more Xi-Trump summits the pathway to a new era of stability?," South China Morning Post, 31 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3331101/beyond-trade-deal-are-more-xi-trump-summits-pathway-new-era-stability?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"Caribbean Crisis 2.0: Inside the cancellation of the Putin-Trump summit," RT, 31 October 2025
https://www.rt.com/news/627164-new-caribbean-crisis-2025/

"China emerges as US ‘peer rival’ at Xi Jinping-Donald Trump summit," Financial Times, 31 October 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/b505bd49-66bf-4848-9f6d-642c83a1c9b5

"The Trump doctrine: don’t rely on America," Financial Times, 31 October 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/28f0ea53-c4ec-4376-9e22-ff087d71ac86

"America and China have only holstered their trade weapons," The Economist, 25 October 2025
https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/10/30/america-and-china-have-only-holstered-their-trade-weapons

Editorial, "Lessons From Trump’s China Trade War," The Wall Street Journal, 31 October 2025
https://www.wsj.com/opinion/china-trade-deal-donald-trump-xi-jinping-tariffs-4f86d4f1?mod=hp_opin_pos_5

30 OCTOBER, Thursday
The World Today #151
US and China: President Trump and President Xi have an "amazing" meeting; the US agree to reduce the fentanyl-related tariffs on China; Beijing agrees to buy large amounts of soybeans from the US and relax some control over rare-earth elements
On 30 October, President Trump met with President Xi for the first time since becoming the President for a second term. Trump called the much-expected meeting "amazing" and said, "On a scale of 0-10, with 10 being the best, the meeting was a 12." He agreed to reduce the fentanyl-related tariffs on China from 20 per cent to 10 per cent, because, according to Trump, President Xi had pledged "to work very hard" on the subject. President Xi Jinping said, "China's development and rejuvenation are not incompatible with President Trump's goal of 'Making America Great Again." According to the US media reports, China had agreed to relax "some of the controls it imposed on exports of processed rare-earth minerals for one year" and agreed to buy large amounts of soybeans from the US. (Wall Street Journal). 

The US: President Trump orders testing of nuclear weapons; Moscow says it will act "accordingly"
On 30 October, US President Donald Trump said he has instructed the Pentagon to "start testing our Nuclear Weapons on an equal basis with Russia and China." He added that it was "because of other countries' testing programs, that process will begin immediately." In a post on social media, Trump wrote, "Because of the tremendous destructive power, I HATED to do it, but had no choice! Russia is second, and China is a distant third, but will be even within 5 years." When speaking to reporters after a meeting with China's President Xi Jinping, Trump declined to specify whether he referred to underground nuclear explosions or delivery system tests. When asked if the move was related to China, he replied, "It had to do with others. They seem to all be nuclear testing." The announcement comes despite the US maintaining a testing moratorium since 1992 alongside Russia and China and without ratifying the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT). In Moscow, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov cautioned that Russia would respond "accordingly" if Washington abandons the moratorium. Referring to President Vladimir Putin's consistent position, Peskov said, "If someone abandons the moratorium, then Russia will act accordingly." Peskov also clarified on the nuclear testing by saying, "We are so far not aware of this. If it is about Burevestnik, then it is not a nuclear test." The Burevestnik, a nuclear-capable cruise missile powered by a small reactor, was successfully tested last week but, according to Moscow, does not violate the moratorium.

South Korea and Japan: President Lee and PM Takaichi express interest in strengthening bilateral relations on the sidelines of the APEC summit
On 30 October, South Korea's President Lee Jae-myung told Japan's Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi that strengthening bilateral ties was more important than ever amid shifting trade dynamics. This happened on the sidelines of the APEC summit in Gyeongju and is the first in-person meeting of both leaders since Takaichi became Japan's PM. They underscored a "future-oriented" approach to relations and growing trilateral cooperation with Washington. While contentious historical issues were left unspoken, President Lee remarked that the two countries sometimes hurt each other like family. President Lee also gifted Korean seaweed and cosmetics to PM Takaichi during the meeting.

The War in Gaza: Israel continues airstrikes and tank shelling in eastern Gaza
On 30 October, Israeli forces carried out airstrikes and tank shelling in eastern Gaza, targeting "terrorist infrastructure" in areas still under their control, a day after reaffirming commitment to a fragile US-backed truce. There were no casualties reported, but the raids heightened fears among displaced residents of a ceasefire collapse after two years of war. The strikes followed deadly bombardments earlier in the week that killed 104 Palestinians, including 46 children, in retaliation for an Israeli soldier's death, a claim attributed to Hamas gunmen, but the group denied. Israel named 26 militants targeted, including a Hamas commander linked to the 2023 attack that ignited the conflict. US President Donald Trump, who brokered the 10 October pact, insisted the truce holds, affirming Israel's right to "hit back" while urging restraint. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu echoed support for disarming Hamas as a core goal. Hamas announced it would hand over two more hostage bodies later Thursday.

The War in Ukraine: Russia continues attacks on gas and energy infrastructure in Ukraine
On 30 October, Reuters reported that Russia launched a drone and missile attack on Ukraine's energy infrastructure. Ukraine's Prime Minister Yulia Svyrydenko said, "Its goal is to plunge Ukraine into darkness. Ours is to preserve the light," and "To stop the terror, we need more air defence systems, tougher sanctions, and maximum pressure on the aggressor." The latest attack with 650 drones and 50 missiles has struck the energy facilities in central, western and southeastern regions. According to the latest literature, these attacks badly affect Ukraine's effort to preserve energy during winter. Owing to this reason, the government have announced nationwide limits on electricity supplies to retail and industrial consumers. Moreover, to tackle this crisis, Ukraine will resume gas imports from Greece via the Transbalkan pipeline in November.

Who says What
Opinions and Views from around the world
Editorial, "Why this APEC meeting is drawing so much attention," Global Times, 30 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1346894.shtml

Kuni Miyake, "Takaichi earns kudos for following Trump manual," Japan Times, 30 October 2025
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/10/30/japan/takaichi-praised-for-handling-trump/

"After Trump-Xi summit, Seoul faces real test of balance," Korea Times, 30 October 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/foreignaffairs/20251030/after-trump-xi-summit-seoul-faces-real-test-of-balance

"The Art of Letting Trump Claim a Win, While Walking Away Stronger," The New York Times, 30 October 2025
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/30/world/asia/china-trump-xi-trade.html

"5 takeaways from the Xi-Trump summit in South Korea," South China Morning Post, 30 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3330879/5-takeaways-xi-trump-summit-south-korea?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"‘Amazing’ Trump-Xi summit brings tactical truce, not major reset," Strait Times, 30 October 2025
https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/trump-xi-amazing-summit-brings-tactical-truce-not-major-reset

Peiman Salehi, "Gone are the days of unlimited US power in Southeast Asia," South China Morning Post, 30 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3330749/gone-are-days-unlimited-us-power-southeast-asia?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Nicholas Spiro, "Asia’s trading powerhouses are more Trump-proof than many feared," South China Morning Post, 30 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3330849/asias-trading-powerhouses-are-more-trump-proof-many-feared?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Da Wei, "America and China Can Have a Normal Relationship," Foreign Affairs, 30 October 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/america-and-china-can-have-normal-relationship?utm_medium=newsletters&utm_source=fatoday&utm_campaign=America%20and%20China%20Can%20Have%20a%20Normal%20Relationship&utm_content=20251030&utm_term=A

Jonathan Panikoff, "How to Solve Gaza’s Hamas Problem: Disarming the Group Will Require Arab and Muslim Forces—and Strong American Leadership," Foreign Affairs, 30 October 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/palestinian-territories/how-solve-gazas-hamas-problem?utm_medium=newsletters&utm_source=fatoday&utm_campaign=America%20and%20China%20Can%20Have%20a%20Normal%20Relationship&utm_content=20251030&utm_term=A

29 OCTOBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #150

The War in Gaza: New Israeli strikes in Gaza kill 105; "Nothing is going to jeopardize the ceasefire," says US President Trump
On 29 October, Reuters reported that Israel struck Gaza and killed 105 people in response to a Palestinian militant attack against Israeli forces. The Israeli military stated in a statement that it would continue to uphold the ceasefire agreement and would respond firmly to "any violation". In this context, US President Trump said, "Nothing is going to jeopardize the ceasefire," and "You have to understand Hamas is a very small part of peace in the Middle East, and they have to behave." Moreover, citing Israel's ceasefire violation, Hamas's armed wing, Al-Qassam Brigades, postponed the planned handover of a recovered missing hostage body.

The War in Ukraine: Russia's President Putin announces successful test of "Poseidon" nuclear-powered super torpedo; Heavy fighting continues near Pokrovsk; Ukraine launches drone strikes on Russia's energy infrastructure
On 29 October, Russia's President Vladimir Putin announced the successful test of the nuclear-powered Poseidon super torpedo. He stated that it is "impossible to intercept" and highlighted its unmatched destructive capability. Military analysts warned that the test could trigger radioactive ocean swells and that it reflects Moscow's push to reaffirm its military dominance amid Western pressure. Meanwhile, Ukraine is struggling to hold the eastern city of Pokrovsk. Ukraine's open-source group DeepState described the situation as "on the verge of critical and continues to deteriorate to the point that fixing everything may be too late" as Russia's forces attempt to encircle the area. At the same time, Kyiv intensified drone strikes on Russia's energy infrastructure by targeting refineries and gas plants in Mari El, Ulyanovsk, and Stavropol. Russia said its air defences destroyed 100 Ukrainian drones overnight.

US and South Korea: President Trump finalizes a trade deal and details of USD 350 billion investments with South Korea 
On 29 October, US President Donald Trump finalised a trade deal with South Korean President Lee Jae Myung, including USD 350 billion in investments into the US. The South Korean government would split its promised USD 350 billion investment fund into USD 200 billion in cash to be paid in instalments and capped at USD 20 billion per year. The other USD 150 billion is to be spent on shipbuilding investments led by Korean firms and including both direct investments and government-backed guarantees. Even though the US had not yet confirmed the details, the latter agreed to split profits 50/50 and to pursue only commercially viable projects. For this, US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick would head an investment committee to assess potential projects. Additional market openings in rice and beef areas were strictly limited. Apart from trade, President Lee had asked President Trump to permit the country to reprocess nuclear fuel to power submarines that could track North Korean and Chinese vessels for longer periods. President Trump promised to "straighten out" South Korea's problems with its nuclear-armed northern neighbour. The summit was held on the sidelines of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meetings. On 30 October, President Trump would meet China's President Xi Jinping to discuss decreasing US tariffs in exchange for curbing the exports of fentanyl precursor chemicals.

Pakistan and Afghanistan: Islamabad warns of deep strikes into Afghanistan, as the talks with the Taliban fail in Istanbul; the two sides blame each other for the failure
On 29 October, Pakistan's defence minister warned the Taliban of deep strikes in Afghanistan. He was quoted to have stated: "If their territory is used and they violate our territory, then, if we need to go deep into Afghanistan to retaliate, we surely will." Earlier, the talks between Pakistan and Afghanistan, held since 25 October, broke down. According to the defence minister, "Kabul was not sincere at any level for any arrangement. On the directives of India and by becoming its proxy, Fitna al-Hindustan wants to leverage its position over Pakistan through Afghanistan." Al Jazeera quoted an Afghan source saying:  Kabul had "made every effort to hold constructive talks", but that the "Pakistani side does not seem to have this intention".

Who Says What
Opinions and views from around the world
Editorial, "Is there really a 'rare-earth crisis' between China and Europe?" Global Times, 29 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1346804.shtml

Jesse Johnson and Gabriel Dominguez, "Takaichi buys time and builds trust with 'near-perfect' Trump summit," Japan Times, 29 October 2025
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/29/japan/politics/trump-takaichi-summit-analysis/

Editorial, "Trump courts Kim," 29 October 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/opinion/editorial/20251029/ed-trump-courts-kim

"China's 5-year plan charts rise to global sea power while countering US," South China Morning Post, 29 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3330802/china-eyes-rise-global-sea-power-while-countering-us-five-year-plan-shows?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"Rare earth diplomacy: how Trump is using his Asia tour to secure critical mineral supplies," South China Morning Post, 29 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3330773/rare-earth-diplomacy-how-trump-using-his-asia-tour-secure-critical-mineral-supplies?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"What pain points are likely to be on the table at Xi-Trump meeting in South Korea?" South China Morning Post, 29 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3330739/what-pain-points-are-likely-be-table-xi-trump-meeting-south-korea?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

"Putin reveals details about Burevestnik missile's nuclear engine," RT, 29 October 2025
https://www.rt.com/russia/627105-burevestnik-nuclear-technology-putin/

"What the Trump-Xi meeting can and can't solve," Economist, 29 October 2025
https://www.economist.com/china/2025/10/28/what-the-trump-xi-meeting-can-and-cant-solve

Editorial, "Will Hamas Sink Trump's Gaza Deal?," Wall Street Journal, 29 October 2025
https://www.wsj.com/opinion/hamas-gaza-deal-donald-trump-israel-hostages-67571871?mod=hp_opin_pos_3

28 OCTOBER, TUESDAY
The World Today #149
The War in Gaza: Israeli PM Netanyahu states ceasefire violation by Hamas; Israeli forces kill three Palestinian militants
On 28 October, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu stated that Israel would respond to Hamas' ceasefire violation. He added that  human remains handed over by Hamas belonged to a hostage whose body had already been recovered by Israeli forces earlier in the war, and he would consult with the defence chiefs to decide on "Israel's next steps."  In response, Hamas spokesperson Hazem Qassem said, "Hamas will continue to exert every effort possible to hand over the remaining bodies until this issue is fully concluded and as soon as possible," and mentioned the lack of equipment to identify bodies. On the same day, Reuters reported that Israel killed three Palestinian militants in the West Bank.

The War in Ukraine: "If there will be results, then God bless - let the talks take place anywhere," says President Zelensky; Russia's defence ministry reports drone attacks
On 28 October, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelenskiy expressed readiness for peace talks and stated that Ukraine will not withdraw its troops from additional territory as Moscow demanded. He added that he is ready for a summit anywhere except in Moscow and its allied regions, such as Belarus. He said, "It's absolutely clear that we're approaching diplomacy only from the position where we currently stand. We will not take any steps back and leave one part of our state or another." He further requested that US lawmakers pass tougher restrictions on Russia. In a statement, the Russian defence ministry reported a Ukrainian drone attack for the second night in a row and Russia's air defence units destroyed 17 Ukrainian drones overnight, including one flying towards Moscow and 13 over the Kaluga region, which borders the Moscow region to its northeast. Furthermore, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said, "Our military hears foreign speech, they constantly hear foreign languages at the front," and "these foreigners are there, we are destroying them. Our military will continue to do their job."

US-Japan: Takaichi summit yields pact on critical minerals and atomic energy as Trump gears up for Xi Talks
On 28 October, US President Donald Trump met Japan's new Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi, a hawkish conservative evoking Shinzo Abe's vision. Trump praised her as a "formidable partner" in strengthening the alliance amid rising tensions in the Indo-Pacific. Key outcomes tackled trade imbalances and Beijing's aggression. Japan pledged to elevate defence outlays to 2 per cent of GDP by 2027, enhancing joint exercises and missile interoperability. A pivotal deal secured diversified rare-earth and critical-mineral supply chains essential for semiconductors, batteries, and weaponry, reducing China's 90 per cent processing monopoly through joint ventures and US stockpiles. Japan announced USD 550 billion in US investments, including SoftBank's USD 200 billion AI push, Toyota's USD 10 billion EV factories, and nuclear ties via Mitsubishi's AP1000 reactors and Toshiba's SMRs. Takaichi suggested nominating Trump for the Nobel Peace Prize; he reciprocated by teasing a swift China trade thaw. This pact signals a strategic pivot, bolstering supply security and deterrence.

China and ASEAN: China signs the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) 3.0 Upgrade Protocol
On 28 October, China signed an upgrade to the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) at the 28th ASEAN-China Summit, expanding towards the digital and green economy. It covered product quality, environmental protection of product financing, research, development and consumption of goods, and the upgraded agreement would set certain “standards” in developing technical regulations and prioritise standards for electronic appliances and new-energy vehicles. It not only supports the least developed countries through “technical assistance” but also promotes e-commerce and intellectual property rights awareness among smaller businesses to strengthen multilateral economic ties for China. Chinese Premier Li Qiang said that this agreement would facilitate both sides to withstand risks “when many countries are facing greater development challenges after being unfairly subjected to steep tariffs.” China’s Ministry of Commerce said that this version holds great significance in addressing the severe challenges to the rules-based international trading system by demonstrating its shared commitment to multilateralism and free trade, and by resisting protectionism and unilateralism. China aims to diversify its economic and trade relations and counter hefty import tariffs from the US.

27 OCTOBER, MONDAY
The World Today #148
The US and Asia: After the ASEAN Summit, President Trump arrives in Tokyo; the US secures a USD 550 billion investment
On 27 October, the US President Donald Trump arrived in Tokyo and received a royal welcome from Emperor Naruhito and Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi. His visit to Japan follows his announcement of multiple trade and mineral cooperation deals with four Southeast Asian countries during his earlier stop in Malaysia. In Japan, Trump secured a USD 550 billion investment pledge from Tokyo in exchange for tariff relief and is set to finalise a memorandum of understanding on shipbuilding cooperation. PM Takaichi reiterated Japan's commitment to strengthening defence ties with the US and announced plans to accelerate the country's largest military build-up since World War II and raise defence spending to two per cent of GDP. According to US officials, negotiators from Washington and Beijing have reached a preliminary framework for a deal to pause further American tariffs and Chinese export controls on rare earths. Trump expressed optimism about an agreement, saying, "I've got a lot of respect for President Xi and I think we're going to come away with a deal." He is expected to meet President Xi Jinping later this week in South Korea to discuss the truce. On 29 October, Trump will proceed to South Korea to meet President Lee Jae Myung and on 30 October, he will conclude his trip with talks with Xi.

Argentina: President Milei's party wins the crucial mid-term elections
On 26 October, in the mid-term elections held in Argentina, according to preliminary reports, President Javier Milei's party - La Libertad Avanza (LLA) has performed well. The mid-term elections featured contests for 127 seats in the lower house (the Chamber of Deputies of the Argentine Nation, which has 257 seats) and 24 seats in the upper house (the Senate of the Argentine Nation, which has 72 seats). The mid-term election was considered a referendum on President Milei's policies. According to preliminary reports, LLA has won 64 seats in the House of Deputies (from 37), giving the President crucial support in the legislature. The current numbers would enable President Milei to secure the support he would need in the legislature and avoid vetoes. 
President Trump, who is considered a friend to President Milei, posted on the latter's victory: "Congratulations to President Javier Milei on his Landslide Victory in Argentina. He is doing a wonderful job! Our confidence in him was justified by the People of Argentina." According to a New York Times report, "It was also a victory for President Trump, who had endorsed Mr. Milei and said that a bailout from the United States, in the form of a $20 billion currency swap, was contingent on his success in the midterm elections. Mr. Milei is an enthusiastic supporter of Mr. Trump and the MAGA movement, and his fortunes are seen by the Trump administration as a way to bolster American influence in South America and counter China's push into the region."

Canada at APEC: Prime Minister Carney to meet President Xi as Ottawa strives to expand trade with Indo-Pacific region; President Trump declines talks with PM Carney
On 27 October, Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney is to meet China's President Xi Jinping this week and is also willing to conduct trade discussions with US President Donald Trump. PM Carney stated that "We stand ready to sit down with the United States, myself, with the President, my colleagues, with their colleagues, when the US is ready to sit down." He also said, "We are going to fight for Canadians." While both President Trump and PM Carney will be at the APEC summit, President Trump stated, "I don't want to meet with him (Carney). No, I'm not going to be meeting with him for a while." President Carney is to meet President Xi on the sidelines of the APEC meeting. Previously, President Trump announced the suspension of trade talks with Canada, and on 25 October, he also announced an additional 10 per cent tariff on Canada's goods. This is President Carney's first official visit to Asia, and he expressed the intent to double non-US exports and strike a series of new trade deals, including in the Indo-Pacific region. He added that Canada will start discussions on a new free trade deal with the Philippines and is gearing up for a broader agreement with ASEAN by next year.

The War in Gaza: Israel sets limits on foreign forces; US Secretary of State defends Israeli strike; Red Cross and Egyptian teams enter Gaza to recover hostage bodies 
On 27 October, Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Israel alone would determine which international forces are acceptable in Gaza, asserting its right to control post-conflict security arrangements. Israel's Foreign Minister Gideon Saar confirmed that Turkiye's armed forces would not be allowed to take part in any mission, citing national security concerns. Meanwhile, Israel allowed the Red Cross and Egyptian technical teams to enter parts of Gaza to assist in the recovery of hostage bodies, expanding humanitarian coordination. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio defended Israel's recent strike in Gaza, saying it did not violate the ceasefire agreement, arguing that it targeted "active militant threats."

The War in Ukraine: President Trump urges Putin to end the war; President Zelensky pushes a ceasefire plan
On 27 October, US President Donald Trump urged Russian President Vladimir Putin to "end the war, not test missiles," after Moscow confirmed the successful launch of its nuclear-powered Burevestnik cruise missile. The test drew strong Western concern as it came amid intensifying fighting in eastern Ukraine and renewed airstrikes near Kyiv. Ukrainian forces have deployed reinforcements to the city of Pokrovsk, where Russian troops continue to press forward. Meanwhile, President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that Ukraine and its allies are drafting a comprehensive ceasefire plan expected within the next ten days, signalling a diplomatic push to de-escalate the conflict. The Kremlin has not responded to President Trump's comments, but Russian officials maintain that missile testing is part of "strategic deterrence."

Editorials/Opinions
Editorial, "The world looks forward to hearing more good news from China and the US," The Global Times, 27 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1346605.shtml

Jesse Johnson, "Takaichi's 'Trump card' for meeting US leader? Her relationship with Abe," The Japan Times, 26 October 2025
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2025/10/26/japan/politics/trump-takaichi-abe-focus/

Editorial, "Seoul's diplomatic test," Korea Herald, 27 October 2025
https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10601468

Andy Xie, "Don't expect China to compromise on rare earth controls at Apec," South China Morning Post, 27 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3330255/dont-expect-china-compromise-rare-earth-controls-apec?module=top_story&pgtype=section

"Javier Milei has won a fresh mandate to remake Argentina," The Economist, 27 October 2025
https://www.economist.com/the-americas/2025/10/27/javier-milei-has-won-a-fresh-mandate-to-remake-argentina

Richard Fontaine and Gibbs McKinley, "Losing the Swing States: Washington Is Driving the BRICS to Become an Anti-American Bloc," Foreign Affairs, 27 October 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/losing-swing-states

Michael Beckley, "The Stagnant Order And the End of Rising Powers," Foreign Affairs, November/December 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/united-states/stagnant-order-michael-beckley

26 OCTOBER, SUNDAY
The World Today #147
Cambodia and Thailand: Leaders sign “Kuala Lumpur Peace Accords” with the presence of US President Trump and pledge to withdraw heavy weapons and the release of prisoners
On 26 October, Cambodia’s Prime Minister Hun Manet and Thailand’s Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul signed a joint declaration at the 47th ASEAN Summit in Kuala Lumpur. Both leaders committed to the withdrawal of heavy weapons from their shared border and the release of 18 detained Cambodian soldiers by Thailand. The signing was witnessed by US President Donald Trump and ASEAN Chair Malaysia’s Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. Before signing the declaration, President Trump said that “Now these gentlemen are about to sign what we’re calling the Kuala Lumpur Peace Accords, good name. Both countries are agreeing to cease all hostilities and work to build good, neighbourly relationships, which have already started.” PM Hun Manet said that this signing marked a historic moment and added that “As we speak, I think our two commanders are discussing the possibility of the start of withdrawal, partial withdrawal, of the first phase of heavy weapons.” Although President Trump called the declaration a “peace deal,” Thailand’s Foreign Ministry clarified on 25 October that the joint declaration was not a formal peace treaty but rather a statement to normalise relations and advance prior agreements on de-mining, anti-scam operations and border surveys. PM Anutin also reassured via Facebook that the deal involved no territorial concessions.

US and China: Preliminary framework ready, leading to Trump-Xi Summit
On 26 October, after two days of talks in Malaysia, China and the US agreed on a preliminary framework for the descalation of trade tensions. While stating "preliminary consensus reached," China's trade negotiator Li Chenggang mentioned the US position as "tough," and added that China "firmly" defended its own interests and rights. China's Vice-Premier He Lifeng said, "The US and China bilateral trade relationship is win-win in nature, fundamentally,” and "Stabilising the relationship between both countries is in line with the interests of the people and matches the world’s expectations.” He added that the topics of discussion included export controls, reciprocal tariffs, fentanyl tariffs, the US Section 301 probe into Chinese shipbuilders, and a possible “expansion of bilateral trade”.  US Trade Representative Jamieson Greer said, "We talked about extending the truce. We talked about rare earths, of course. ... And I think we’re even to the spot where the leaders will have a productive meeting.” After this fifth in person discussion since May on the sidelines of ASEAN summit, US President Trump said," “I think we’re going to have a deal with China," while hinting possible meeting with China's President Xi in China and the US.

Europe: Russia tests a nuclear-capable cruise missile amid tensions with the West 
On 26 October, Russia confirmed it had successfully tested its new nuclear-powered cruise missile, the Burevestnik, capable of carrying a nuclear warhead and flying for extended ranges. Top Russian military officials hailed the test as a milestone in advancing Moscow’s strategic deterrence capabilities. President Vladimir Putin, addressing the development, declared that Russia “will never bow to US pressure,” stressing the nation’s commitment to maintaining parity with Western powers. The Burevestnik, also known by its NATO designation “Skyfall,” uses a nuclear propulsion system that allows it to evade traditional missile defence systems. The announcement has sparked alarm across Europe and within NATO.

President Trump’s Southeast Asia Visit: Signs a series of deals on day one
On 26  October, on the sidelines of the 47th Asean Summit, US President Trump inked deals on trade and critical minerals with four Southeast Asia countries- Thailand, Malaysia, Cambodia and Vietnam. With Malaysian and Cambodian counterparts, he signed reciprocal trade deals. Malaysia brought down the initial tariff of 25 per cent to 19 per cent in return for recognising American halal certification and the supply of rare earths, a critical mineral used in advanced technological applications. Vietnam will now face a 20 per cent tariff on its exports to the US. A joint statement stated that the agreement "will provide both countries' exporters unprecedented access to each other's markets." In the upcoming week, both countries "will work to finalise the Agreement on Reciprocal, Fair, and Balanced Trade, prepare the Agreement for signature, and undertake domestic formalities in advance of the Agreement entering into force." In a joint statement, Thailand stated that it would eliminate tariff barriers on approximately 99 per cent of goods and relax foreign ownership restrictions for US investment in its telecommunications sector. It added that it will purchase 80 US aircraft totalling USD 18.8 billion and energy goods, including liquefied natural gas and crude oil, of around USD 5.4 billion annually. These deals remove trade barriers and enhance preferential market access to various US goods.

25 OCTOBER, SATURDAY
The World Today #146
The War in Ukraine: The US mulls new sanctions on Russia, urges Europe to act first; UK pushes "stronger actions" during President Zelensky's visit; Russia's envoy claims talks are "quite close to a diplomatic solution" 
On 25 October, according to media reports, the United States is preparing a new round of sanctions against Russia, targeting its banks and energy infrastructure to pressure Moscow into ending the war in Ukraine. Washington has urged European allies to coordinate these measures for greater impact. Meanwhile, in London, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer called for "strong measures" against Russia during Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky's visit, including using frozen Russian assets to fund Ukraine's defence and reconstruction. Amid these developments, Russia's envoy, Kirill Dmitriev, said that Moscow, Washington, and Kyiv were "quite close to a diplomatic solution."

The War in Gaza: The US appoints Ambassador Steven Fagin as the civilian lead for the Civil-Military Coordination Centre under Trump's peace plan
On 24 October, the US State Department announced the appointment of Steven Fagin, a Career Foreign Service Officer and the US Ambassador to Yemen, as the civilian lead for the Civil-Military Coordination Centre. The department stated, "Ambassador Steven Fagin will serve as the civilian lead of the Civil-Military Coordination Centre, which is supporting the implementation of the President's 20 Point Peace Plan for Gaza." It added that he will be working to implement the peace deal and facilitate the flow of humanitarian aid. This announcement came after Secretary of State Marc Rubio visited the centre and said more US diplomats would join the 200 US military personnel already deployed. One of the central missions of Trump's peace plan is to create an international force. The troops will be drawn from Egypt, Indonesia and Gulf countries as the US will not deploy its own troops inside Gaza. This has received criticism from sceptics who say that countries may be reluctant to commit troops unless Hamas disarms and progress toward a Palestinian state becomes viable. On the creation of the international force, Itamar Rabinovich, a former Israeli ambassador to the US, says, "It is going to be indispensable to prevent the conflict continuing," and adds that "It is doable, but it is going to be very difficult."

US-Canada trade negotiations: Ottawa stands ready to resume trade negotiations with the US, says PM Mark Carney
On 25 October, responding to US President Trump's statement that put trade negotiations with Canada on hold because of the Ontario political ad, Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney stated that Canada is willing to continue trade negotiations with the US when it's ready. He said, "My colleagues have been working with their American colleagues on detailed constructive negotiations, discussions on specific sectors -- steel, aluminium and energy," and "We stand ready to pick up on that progress."

The US and China: USTR office initiates a new trade investigation on the "Phase One" Economic and Trade Agreement 
On 25 October, the US Trade Representative (USTR) launched a new investigation into the "Phase One" deal signed by US President Donald Trump and China's President Xi Jinping. The probe would investigate the implementation of China's commitments, inviting public opinion from 31 October to 1 December with a public hearing to collect full testimony on 16 December. USTR Jamieson Greer said this investigation would help the President Trump Administration fulfil its resolve to hold China to its commitments, protect American farmers, ranchers, workers, and innovators, and establish a more reciprocal trade relationship with China for the benefit of the American people. China replied, calling the accusations "false accusations" and saying the US was escalating economic pressure on China. China's embassy spokesperson said on X that China had conscientiously fulfilled its obligations under the Phase One Economic and Trade Agreement, benefiting investors from all countries, including US firms. The Phase One Deal was intended to rebalance trade between the US and China by increasing Chinese purchases of US farm, manufactured goods, energy, and services by $200 billion annually for at least 2 years. Not only did China fulfil the commitments, but it also blamed the COVID-19 pandemic that was spreading in 2020. China never met its purchasing targets and did not change its intellectual property protections, forced technology transfer, agriculture and financial services practices that were at the heart of Trump's first-term tariffs on Chinese imports. The investigation would help the Trump administration obtain additional legal backing to reinstate tariffs on Chinese imports if the US Supreme Court annulled Trump's duties under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act. On 05 November, the court would hear arguments on a challenge to the IEEPA-based tariffs at about 30 per cent for Chinese goods.

Thailand-Cambodia border dispute: Thailand PM to hold talks with US President Trump before signing ceasefire deal with Cambodia on the sidelines of the ASEAN summit
On 25 October, Reuters reported that Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul said a meeting would be held with US President Trump before signing the ceasefire deal with Cambodia in Malaysia. In the meeting, they'll discuss economic issues, security and regional development. PM Anutin said, "Thailand has recently received several requests for bilateral meetings at the leadership level, which will lead to the development of cooperation in various areas, including the economy, security, and trade." In the intense border dispute, dozens were killed and  300,000 were temporarily displaced.

24 OCTOBER, FRIDAY
The World Today #145
The War in Gaza: 200 US troops stationed in Southern Israel to organise an international force and oversee the Gaza ceasefire and aid flow
On 24 October, Reuters reported that 200 US troops with expertise in transport, planning, security, and engineering had begun monitoring the Gaza ceasefire and organising the international force at the Civil-Military Coordination Centre, a cargo hub in Southern Israel. The US military stated that it would also organise the flow of aid and security assistance to Gaza. The hub also hosts forces from Israel, Britain and Canada. On the same day, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that the international security force will have to be made up of countries that Israel is "comfortable with." Ruling out Hamas, he added that future governance of Gaza needs to be out among Israel and partner nations, and any potential role for the Palestinian Authority is yet to be determined.

The War in Ukraine: The US impose sanctions on major Russian oil companies; President Zelensky visits the UK for talks on missiles
On 24 October, the United States announced sanctions on major Russian oil companies, including Rosneft and Lukoil, citing their continued role in funding Moscow's war operations. The move raised global oil prices and prompted concern among energy-dependent countries such as India. Meanwhile, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky visited the United Kingdom and met Prime Minister Keir Starmer to discuss missile systems and defence cooperation. The visit comes as Kyiv seeks to strengthen military support ahead of winter offensives. However, North Korean leader Kim Jong Un declared that Pyongyang's military cooperation with Russia would "advance non-stop," highlighting the growing alignment between the two countries amid Western sanctions. Meanwhile, Russia claimed its forces had captured three more villages in eastern Ukraine, consolidating positions near the Donetsk front.

China and the US: President Trump to meet President Xi at the APEC Summit in South Korea
On 24 October, the White House announced that US President Donald Trump and Chinese President Xi Jinping would meet in South Korea. President Trump was scheduled to travel to Asia, visiting three countries - Malaysia, Japan, and South Korea - where he would meet with President Xi Jinping. The White House didn't announce all the details of the meeting, and China hadn't confirmed it either. Reuters reported that the interim agreement could address tariffs on soybeans, fentanyl, Boeing aircraft, high-end computer chips, and rare earths, as well as trade in these areas. The US President planned to meet the Chinese President ahead of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC).

Brazil and the US: President Lula expresses willingness for talks with President Trump on tariffs and tensions with Venezuela
On 24 October, Brazil's President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva stated he is open to discussing a wide range of issues with US President Donald Trump, including the 50 per cent tariffs Washington recently imposed on Brazilian goods and tensions involving Venezuela. Lula said, "There are no forbidden topics," and added, "We can talk about Gaza, Ukraine, Russia, Venezuela, critical materials, rare earths — anything." He also stated plans to argue that the 50 per cent tariffs were a "mistake" and highlighted the USD 410 billion US trade surplus with Brazil over 15 years. He also criticised US sanctions on Brazilian officials, including Supreme Court Justice Alexandre de Moraes, who oversaw the trial of Bolsonaro's coup attempt. He welcomed talks with Trump on tensions with Venezuela while urging respect for international law. The White House has not yet confirmed a meeting between the two leaders.

US-Canada: President Trump halts trade talks with Ottawa over Reagan Ad controversy
On 24 October, US President Donald Trump abruptly ended all trade talks with Canada, citing a provocative Ontario government ad as the breaking point. The ad repurposed audio from former President Ronald Reagan criticising tariffs, which Trump called deceptive on social media. "Based on their outrageous conduct, all trade negotiations with Canada are hereby terminated," he posted on Truth Social. This followed months of tension, including US tariffs on Canadian steel, aluminium, and vehicles. Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, who recently lifted most counter-tariffs and met with Trump twice, vowed to protect domestic markets if deals collapse. Ontario Premier Doug Ford said the ad stung, while the Reagan Foundation condemned the edits as misleading and is considering legal action. With the USMCA up for review in 2026, economists warn of deepening rifts and job losses. Trump's claim of Canadian meddling in a looming Supreme Court tariff case further sours relations.

Today in History
24 October 1648: The Treaty of Westphalia comes into existence 
On 24 October 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, ending the Eighty Years' War between Spain and the Dutch and the German phase of the Thirty Years' War. The treaty agreed on the demarcation of territories and the confirmation of sovereignty over those occupied territories. The treaty confirmed the independent republic status of the United Provinces of the Netherlands and the Swiss Confederation. The treaty granted religious tolerance to Lutherans within the Holy Roman Empire, extending it to the Reformed (Calvinist) church and to Roman Catholics, Lutherans, and Calvinists. The treaty established the concept of territorial sovereignty and the modern state system with religious tolerance in the history of Europe.

Who Says What
Opinions and views from around the world
Editorial, "What key messages does the communique of fourth plenary session send to the world?," Global Times, 24 October 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1346403.shtml

Wang Son-taek, "The promise of connectivity from Gyeongju APEC summit," The Korea Herald, 24 October 2025
https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10599176

Ren Yan, "How strategic planning is powering China's green energy transition," South China Morning Post, 24 October 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3329944/how-strategic-planning-powering-chinas-green-energy-transition?module=top_story&pgtype=section

"America's risky gunboat diplomacy around Venezuela," Financial Times, 24 October 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/27e42ee6-c7d5-46a6-b68c-34506d54a1e9

"Why China is winning the trade war," The Economist, 24 October 2025
https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/10/23/why-china-is-winning-the-trade-war

Amaka Anku, "The New African Order," Foreign Affairs, November/December 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/south-africa/new-african-order

23 OCTOBER, THURSDAY
The World Today #144
The War in Ukraine: The US to impose sanctions on Russian oil majors; EU vows long-term support for Kyiv at Brussels summit 
On 23 October, the United States imposed extensive sanctions on Russian oil majors Rosneft and Lukoil, triggering a nearly 5 per cent surge in global oil prices. The move, part of Washington's broader pressure campaign over the Ukraine war, also sparked anxiety in India, one of Russia's biggest crude buyers, as it weighs the impact on discounted imports. Moscow dismissed the measures as ineffective but warned of "serious consequences" for global energy stability. Meanwhile, at the Brussels summit, European Union leaders reaffirmed their political and financial backing for Ukraine, approving a multiyear aid plan financed in part by profits from frozen Russian assets. They also endorsed a phase-out of Russian LNG imports by 2027, underscoring Europe's determination to reduce energy dependence on Moscow. Russia criticised the EU's decisions as "hostile acts" aimed at prolonging the conflict.

The War in Gaza: The US Vice President JD Vance criticises Israeli West Bank vote 
On 23 October, Israel's parliament gave preliminary approval to a bill applying Israeli law to the occupied West Bank, effectively advancing annexation, a move decried by Palestinians as illegitimate and illegal under international law. A second bill targeting the Maale Adumim settlement also passed narrowly, despite opposition from Prime Minister Netanyahu's Likud party. The votes coincided with US Vice President JD Vance's visit. The US Secretary of State Marco Rubio warned that such annexation efforts endanger President Trump's 20-point Gaza ceasefire plan, urging restraint to preserve fragile peace prospects. UAE officials echoed concerns, calling it a "red line" for Arab states. Simultaneously, the International Court of Justice ruled on 22 October that Israel, as an occupying power, must ensure the Gaza civilians' basic needs, food, water, shelter and facilitate UN aid, rejecting claims of Hamas infiltration in relief efforts. Israel dismissed the non-binding opinion. UN Secretary-General Guterres hailed it as vital for alleviating Gaza's humanitarian crisis.

Thailand and Cambodia: Thailand's Defence Minister says "meaningful progress" in discussions ahead of ceasefire deal
On 23 October, Thailand's Defence Minister Natthaphon Narkphanit stated that discussions between Thailand and Cambodia have made "meaningful progress" ahead of the broader ceasefire agreement scheduled for 26 October. Malaysia's Foreign Minister added that US President Donald Trump is expected to witness the signing on the sidelines of the ASEAN summit in Kuala Lumpur. The discussions follow deadly border clashes in July that killed at least 48 people and displaced hundreds of thousands. Agreements already reached include the withdrawal of heavy weapons from border areas, joint demining operations, coordinated cybercrime countermeasures, a border survey between Thailand's Sa Kaeo province and Cambodia's Bantheay Meanchey, and the construction of fences in non-disputed areas. Cambodia's Deputy Prime Minister and Defence Minister Tea Seiha noted that the deal reflects "a shared spirit of building mutual trust and confidence" and will enable the release of 18 Cambodian soldiers detained after the July fighting.

China and the US: China's Vice Premier and the US officials to hold discussions on the sidelines of the ASEAN summit
On 23 October, China's Ministry of Commerce announced that Vice-Premier He Lifeng would meet with US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent and Trade Representative Jamieson Greer to discuss "important issues". The meeting would take place during the Association of Southeast Asian Nations summit from 24 October to 27 October. The Ministry of Commerce said in an official statement that the two countries would discuss important issues while keeping in mind the consensus reached during the leaders' previous phone calls. Previously, Reuters reported that US President Donald Trump expected to reach an agreement with Chinese President XI Jinping on soybean trade, nuclear weapons and discuss with China on purchasing Russian oil and the Russia-Ukraine war. The meeting would be followed by the scheduled US-China Summit in South Korea between the US President and China's President.

East Timor: To join ASEAN as the 11th  member
On 23 October, Reuters reported that East Timor will gain accession as the 11th ASEAN member at the 26-28 October ASEAN leaders summit. The membership of this Southeast Asia's poorest country, with 1.4 million people, was confirmed by Malaysia's Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim last week. ASEAN Secretary General Kao Kim Hourn said: "This platform will amplify East Timor's voice in international forums while securing its strategic interests through an established network of diplomatic and economic support." Stating that membership was a long-held dream, East Timor's President Jose Ramos-Horta said, "The road to ASEAN is more difficult than the road to heaven." According to the latest literature, this move will accelerate East Timor's economic integration and political legitimacy.

22 OCTOBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #143
The War in Ukraine: Russia holds nuclear drills and prepares for the Trump summit; President Zelensky backs Trump's frontline freeze, as Ukraine questions EU loan conditions tied to frozen Russian assets 
On 22 October, according to media reports, Russia conducted overnight missile and drone strikes on Ukraine, launching 28 missiles and 405 drones, while holding nuclear readiness drills, targeting energy and military infrastructure. Ukraine intercepted most attacks, but some caused civilian casualties and power outages. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky called US President Donald Trump's call to freeze the current frontlines a "good compromise" to reduce hostilities. Meanwhile, Ukraine resisted European Union conditions on a planned loan backed by frozen Russian assets, arguing the terms are unfavourable and could hinder recovery. Despite the ongoing conflict and delays, Russia says preparations for the Trump-Putin summit continue, maintaining that the meeting is still being planned and negotiated.

The War in Gaza: PM Netanyahu expresses reservations on Turkish role, as US Vice President advances Trump peace plan 
On 22 October, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signalled strong reservations about deploying Turkish security personnel to oversee the truce, jokingly remarking to US Vice President JD Vance that his views were predictably firm during discussions on post-war arrangements. Vice President Vance, touring a US-monitored military site, voiced cautious optimism for President Trump's 20-point plan, warning that Hamas disarmament could take years and threatening swift retaliation if obstructed, while noting Turkey's potential supportive role. The 12-day-old truce faces strains from aid shortages, border disputes, and sporadic violence, with over 87 Palestinians killed since its start.  In solidarity, Britain dispatched a handful of officers to a US-led stabilisation task force in Israel, leveraging expertise without assuming command, per the US appeal. 

US-South Korea Trade talks: To finalise a tariff deal 
On 22 October, Reuters reported that South Korea's Presidential Policy Secretary Kim Yong-beom and Industry Minister Kim Jung-kwan will reconvene a meeting with US Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick. The talks will aim to finalise a tariff deal which includes a USD 350 billion investment in the US. Secretary Kim stated that he seeks to reach an agreement that advances the interests of both countries and would not sign any partial deal to meet the deadline. As a result of previous negotiations, South Korea's officials have stated that the US don't insist on an upfront payment of the investment in the form of equity as it may destabilise the foreign exchange market.

Today in History 
22 October 1962: The outbreak of the Cuban Missile Crisis 
On 22 October 1962, the US discovered that Soviet nuclear missiles were being installed in Cuba, which is just 90 miles from the shore. The former US President John F Kennedy demanded the removal of missiles and imposed a naval blockade on Cuba. This led to a 13-day confrontation between the US and the Soviet Union, and it ended when Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev agreed to withdraw the missiles in exchange for a US pledge not to invade Cuba and the secret removal of American missiles from Turkey.

21 OCTOBER, TUESDAY
The World Today #142
The War in Ukraine: European leaders back President Trump’s ceasefire call; Poland warns President Putin against airspace violation; Kremlin denies Trump-Putin summit date 
On 21 October, European leaders voiced support for US President Donald Trump’s proposed ceasefire in Ukraine, while reaffirming their commitment to Kyiv’s sovereignty and defensive support. The move highlights Europe’s attempt to balance diplomacy with deterrence amid the ongoing conflict. Meanwhile, Poland issued a strong warning to Russia, cautioning President Vladimir Putin against any violation of Polish airspace ahead of the expected Trump-Putin summit. The Kremlin, however, stated that no official dates have been set for the meeting. Meanwhile, Russian missile strikes severely damaged power infrastructure across northern Ukraine, cutting electricity and worsening humanitarian conditions as winter nears.

The War in Gaza: Mediators step up diplomacy; PM Netanyahu to meet Egyptian intelligence head; WFP says Gaza food deliveries far below target; US Vice President arrives in Israel 
On 21 October, reports said that mediators are intensifying the diplomatic efforts after the Gaza truce is shaken by renewed hostilities. Israel and Hamas recommit to the ceasefire following attacks that killed 28 in Gaza and two soldiers of Israel. US Vice President JD Vance arrives in Israel to support stabilisation and advance President Trump’s 20-point peace plan, which includes Hamas disarmament and a technocratic Palestinian committee. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu meets the head of Egyptian intelligence to discuss bilateral cooperation and reinforce the US-led peace initiative. Meanwhile, food flows into Gaza remain far below targets, with only 750 metric tons delivered daily against the World Food Programme’s target of 2,000 tons. Limited operational crossings, including Kerem Shalom and Kissufim, restrict aid, leaving northern Gaza under severe shortages. Mediators, including Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey, continue negotiations, while civilians face ongoing uncertainty, rationing, and the threat of renewed violence.

Japan: Sanea Takaichi wins the Japan election, becomes the country's first woman prime minister
On 21 October, Japan elected Sanae Takaichi as its first female prime minister. She garnered 237 votes in the election in Parliament's 465-seat lower house and a similar vote in the upper house. The Liberal Democratic Party's new coalition deal with the Japan Innovation Party (also known as Ishin) stands pivotal to vote gain. Her win marked a shift to the right in Japan. In her opening remarks, she stated her aspiration to strengthen Japan's economy and defend Japan's national interest. She also stated her expected attendance in ASEAN-related summits in Malaysia and APEC in South Korea. On relations with the US, she said," The alliance with the United States is the cornerstone of Japan’s foreign and security policy," and is planning "to meet President Trump at an early date to elevate the Japan-U.S. relationship to new heights."

Syria: Minister of Economy and Industry expresses hope to Reuters on relief of US sanctions
On 21 October, Minister of Economy and Industry Mohammad Nidal al-Shaar told Reuters that US sanctions against Syria could be formally lifted in the coming months. While US President Donald Trump ordered most sanctions lifted in May after meeting with Syrian President Ahmed al-Sharaa, the Caesar Syria Civil Protection Act of 2019 remains in effect under US law. Al-Shaar said on the sidelines of a London conference that Syria is lobbying to ensure the bill reaches the president for approval after which the country would be “sanctions-free.” He also indicated plans to introduce a new currency likely early next year after consultations with international experts and organisations

15 OCTOBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #136

The War in Gaza: Hamas hands over more bodies of deceased hostages after Israel threatens aid blockage and closing of the Rafah border; President Trump warns of “violent” disarmament if Hamas refuses to disarm
On 15 October, Reuters reported that Hamas handed over additional bodies of deceased Israeli hostages. This follows Israel’s threats to close the Rafah border crossing and halve the humanitarian aid if Hamas does not hand over more bodies of deceased hostages. Israel’s military confirmed receipt of four coffins, but one body did not match the DNA of any known hostage. This further strains the fragile truce. Reuters also reported that Hamas has deployed security forces to reassert control in Gaza after Israel’s partial military withdrawal and execute people who were suspected of collaborating with Israel. US President Donald Trump warned that “If they don't disarm, we will disarm them. And it will happen quickly and perhaps violently.” According to the latest literature, Hamas’s show of force aims to suppress rival clans and restore order amid internal fragmentation. Israel’s military announced it would allow the Rafah crossing with Egypt to reopen and permit up to 600 trucks carrying food, fuel and medical supplies into Gaza. However, COGAT, the Israeli defence body that oversees aid, limited access to 300 trucks daily, which is only half the amount stipulated in the ceasefire deal.

IMF on growth outlook: Raises global projections to 3.2 per cent; India remains fastest-growing major economy despite tariff strains 
On 15 October, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) increased its global growth forecast for 2025 to 3.2 per cent, up from 3.0 per cent in July, citing more moderate tariff impacts and improved financial conditions. The revision followed trade deals that mitigated the worst effects of US President Donald Trump's tariffs, with limited retaliation from other countries. Factors such as fast and flexible supply chains, a weaker US dollar, fiscal stimulus in Europe and China, and a surge in artificial intelligence investments contributed to the positive outlook. However, the IMF cautioned that escalating US-China trade tensions, including potential 100 per cent tariffs on Chinese goods, posed significant risks to global growth, potentially reducing output by up to 1.8 percentage points by 2027. Meanwhile, for India, the IMF raised its growth forecast for the 2025/26 fiscal year to 6.6 per cent, citing strong private consumption that offset the impact of higher US tariffs on Indian goods. India’s GDP grew by 7.8 per cent in the April-June quarter, maintaining its position as the fastest-growing major economy. The IMF noted that the upward revision was due to robust first-quarter performance, which outweighed the negative effects of increased US tariffs. However, it slightly lowered the growth forecast for the subsequent fiscal year to 6.2 per cent, reflecting concerns over export challenges and trade policy uncertainties.

Afghanistan and Pakistan: New violence breaks out along the border; Multiple civilians and troops killed, says Kabul
On 15 October, fresh fighting erupted along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The Afghan Taliban claims Pakistani forces launched attacks in the Spin Boldak district, resulting in the death of more than a dozen Afghan civilians, leaving over a hundred people wounded. Further, it is also reported that the Afghan Taliban forces and factions of the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) attacked Pakistani troops in the Kurram sector of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. This development follows the onset of military clashes between the forces of both countries last week.

UN: World Food Programme reports 13.7 million people at severe hunger due to cuts in development and humanitarian assistance
On 15 October, the United Nations World Food Programme report titled "A Lifeline at Risk" reported that due to cuts in global humanitarian aid, 13.7 million people in Afghanistan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Haiti, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan are at risk of severe hunger. The report also stated that cuts to its food assistance could push 13.7 million people from "crisis" to "emergency" levels of hunger. According to this international hunger scale, the affected people are one step away from famine. The agency said, "WFP's funding has never been more challenged. The agency expects to receive 40% less funding for 2025, resulting in a projected budget of $6.4 billion, down from $10 billion in 2024."

Today in History 
15 October 2003:China launches its first human spaceflight, Shenzhou 5 
On 15 October 2003, China successfully launched its first crewed space mission, Shenzhou 5, marking its entry into the elite group of nations capable of sending humans into space, after the United States and the former Soviet Union. The spacecraft carried astronaut Yang Liwei, a former fighter pilot, who orbited Earth 14 times during a 21-hour mission. The launch took place from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre in the Gobi Desert, propelled by a Long March 2F rocket. Yang’s safe return to Inner Mongolia the next day was celebrated as a major technological and national milestone. The mission demonstrated China’s growing capabilities in space science and engineering and laid the foundation for future projects, including the Tiangong space station and lunar exploration programs. Shenzhou 5 became a symbol of China’s ambitions to become a major power in space exploration.

14 OCTOBER, TUESDAY
The World Today #135

US and China: Washington and Beijing begin collection of special port fees on each other's vessels
On 14 October, China began imposition of a port fees on US-owned, operated, built, or flagged vessels, exempting Chinese-built ships. China describes this decision as a retaliation against US port fees on China-linked ships. China’s Commerce Ministry warned that if the US chooses confrontation, “China will see it through to the end.” However, it clarified that “China's door remains open” if the US chooses to pursue dialogue. Further, China imposed sanctions against five US subsidiaries of Hanwha Ocean, a South Korean shipbuilder, citing assistance and support to a US investigation into Chinese trade practices. This development comes after China expanded its export restrictions on domestic rare earth elements and US President Donald Trump threatened to impose 100 per cent additional tariffs on Chinese goods. Previously, President Trump signed an executive order in April this year, suggesting the imposition of tariffs on Chinese-linked maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors.

The War in Ukraine: Kremlin welcomes President Trump’s peace focus; President Zelensky to seek new arms; Russia reports seizing eastern village 
On 14 October, the Kremlin welcomed US President Donald Trump’s renewed focus on pursuing peace in Ukraine following the Gaza ceasefire, saying Moscow supported any initiative aimed at ending hostilities. Meanwhile, Ukrainian President Zelensky confirmed plans to meet President Trump in Washington on Friday to discuss air defence systems and advanced weapon deliveries, emphasising Ukraine’s urgent need for long-range capabilities. On the battlefield, Russia claimed to have seized control of Balahan village in Ukraine’s eastern Donetsk region, continuing its slow territorial push. Kyiv has not verified the claim.

The War in Gaza: Hamas tightens grip amid internal unrest; Israel kills six in new clashes 
On 14 October, Hamas intensified its control across Gaza, carrying out public executions of alleged collaborators and cracking down on rival armed factions and clans challenging its authority. Reuters reported that Hamas fighters have re-established their presence in key neighbourhoods as part of a wider show of power. Local sources said internal tensions and armed clashes have increased in recent days, clouding prospects for a long-term ceasefire. Meanwhile, Israel said its forces opened fire on suspects in northern Gaza, killing six Palestinians in two incidents. The United Nations expressed concern over the escalation and urged restraint. Israel said its forces targeted “armed operatives.” Hamas denounced the attack as “aggression against civilians,” while regional mediators called for de-escalation and resumption of peace talks.

India-US: Countries set to resume trade talks amid energy and tariff tensions
On 13 October, US President Donald Trump said that “India is a great country with a very good friend of mine at the top” in his address during the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit in Egypt. This follows the phone call between him and India’s PM Modi. Reuters also reported that India and the United States are set to begin high-level trade talks in New Delhi to reset ties after Washington imposed steep tariff hikes on India’s goods in August. The renewed engagement comes as New Delhi pledged to increase imports of US energy and gas to address concerns over the continued purchase of Russia’s oil despite Western sanctions. US ambassador-designate Sergio Gor said he met India’s PM Modi and Commerce Secretary Rajesh Agrawal on bilateral trade and investment. India’s officials described the recent talks as “constructive” and the progress towards finalising the first phase of a long-delayed trade deal next month. The negotiations, launched in February 2025, aim to double bilateral trade to USD 500 billion by 2030 and deepen cooperation in renewable energy, LNG and private-sector investment.

US-South Korea: Seoul and Washington make "huge progress" in USD 350 billion trade talks, says Finance Minister Koo 
On 14 October, South Korea's Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol said "huge progress" in US trade talks over a USD 350 billion investment package, promised in a trade deal in July. The breakthrough eases prior disputes, where Washington sought upfront cash infusions and Seoul pushed for loans and guarantees to shield the won from dollar demand pressures that could spark a financial crisis. Finance Minister Koo Yun-cheol stated that "That all of USD 350 billion will not be in cash itself is huge progress.” Working-level discussions now focus on structuring the funds, with Finance Minister Koo set to meet US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent in Washington this week, urging priority on project launches. The accord aims to be finalised by the end of this month, aligning with President Trump's planned visit to the Asia-Pacific summit in Seoul, which is expected to bolster bilateral ties.

14 October
Today in History
14 October 1933: Germany withdraws from the League of Nations
On 14 October 1933, then Germany's Chancellor Adolf Hitler formally announced Germany's withdrawal from the League of Nations and the World Disarmament Conference. The Treaty of Versailles incurred huge penalties and territorial loss for Germany which fueled German nationalism and resentment internally. Claiming the organisation's inability to address their grievances and protect their interest, Hitler initiated the formal withdrawal following a national plebiscite. The withdrawal marked its rejection of collective diplomacy and international cooperation. The withdrawal followed aggressive foreign policy, rapid militarisation and later paved the way for World War II.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
Nikola Mikovic
"How India’s purchases of Russian oil are reshaping global energy trade"
South China Morning Post, 14 October 2025, https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3328799/how-indias-purchases-russian-oil-are-reshaping-global-energy-trade?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Stanley Chao
"Why China still has the upper hand in US trade talks"
South China Morning Post, 15 October 2025, https://www.scmp.com/opinion/china-opinion/article/3328538/why-china-still-has-upper-hand-us-trade-talks?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Edward Luce
"US-China déjà vu all over again"
Financial Times, 14 October 2025, https://www.ft.com/content/73434f3d-6698-4e19-917d-94bb106907a9

Mathew Levitt
"Hamas Is Not Done Fighting"
Foreign Affairs, 14 October 2025, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/palestinian-territories/hamas-not-done-fighting

Andrew Dowell
"Trump’s Big Gamble on Tackling the Middle East’s Intractable Problems"
Wall Street Journal, 13 October 2025, https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/trump-middle-east-peace-plan-fc13d83e?mod=hp_lead_pos7

13 OCTOBER, MONDAY
The World Today #134

The War in Gaza: Hamas frees the hostages, Israel releases Palestinian prisoners, Trump lands in Egypt for a Peace Summit 
On 13 October, Israel and Hamas exchanged hostages and prisoners under the first phase of the ceasefire deal. Israel freed the first set of Palestinian prisoners after Hamas released the last 20 living hostages from Israel. Under the deal, Israel is set to release 250 Palestinians, as well as 1,700 Palestinians detained in Gaza since the war began, 22 Palestinian minors, and the bodies of 360 militants. President Trump, addressing the Israeli Parliament, stated that a "long nightmare" for both Israelis and Palestinians was over. He is set to attend the summit in Egypt with 20 world leaders to deliberate on the execution of the next steps under Trump's 20-point blueprint. Prime Minister Netanyahu’s office issued a statement clarifying that he will not be attending the summit "due to the timing's proximity to the beginning of (a Jewish) holiday." Additionally, President Trump stated that Hamas had been allowed to carry out internal security operations it is conducting in the Gaza Strip, saying the group wants "to stop the problems" and "we gave them approval for a period of time". The group has deployed forces in several parts of the Gaza Strip since a ceasefire came into effect, citing the aim of stopping lawlessness and looting and preventing a security vacuum. Reuters reported that Hamas forces have killed 32 members of "a gang" in Gaza City in a security campaign, suffering six fatalities in their own ranks. The operation had led to the arrest of 24 people and 30 others being wounded.

Nobel Economics Prize 2025: Economists Mokyr, Aghion, and Howitt win for their research on how innovation and technological change drive long-term economic growth, and for developing the “creative destruction” model 
On 13 October, the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for advancing understanding of how innovation and technological change fuel long-term economic growth. Mokyr, a professor at Northwestern University, was recognised for his historical analysis of how ideas and knowledge shaped industrial progress since the Enlightenment. Aghion, of Collège de France and Harvard University, and Howitt, from Brown University, were honoured for developing the Schumpeterian “creative destruction” model, explaining how new technologies replace outdated ones to sustain growth. The Academy said its combined work has deepened insight into productivity, inequality, and prosperity. The laureates will share the SEK 11 million prize, with Mokyr receiving half and Aghion and Howitt sharing the remainder.

India and Canada: Foreign ministers agree on a series of measures to restore bilateral ties
On 13 October, India and Canada agreed on several measures to restore bilateral relations following talks between External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and Canada’s Foreign Minister Anita Anand, who is on an official visit to India. Both sides decided to resume ministerial-level discussions on trade and investment, re-establish the Canada-India Ministerial Energy Dialogue for cooperation on renewables and critical minerals, and relaunch the Joint Science and Technology Cooperation Committee. They also encouraged Canadian AI firms and researchers to participate in India’s AI Impact Summit in February 2026. In agriculture, the two countries will work to develop stable supply chains, advance innovation in climate-resilient farming, and strengthen agri-value chains through technological collaboration. Cooperation in higher education and research, particularly in AI, cybersecurity, and fintech, will also be renewed. Ms Anand met Prime Minister Narendra Modi during her visit. “Building on the momentum of Prime Minister @MarkJCarney’s meeting with PM Modi this summer at the G7 Summit, Canada and India are elevating the relationship between our countries, while maintaining our law enforcement and security dialogue and expanding our economic relationship,” she stated on X. According to the joint statement “Reviving this partnership will......also help mitigate vulnerabilities arising from shifting global alliances.” Relations between New Delhi and Ottawa remained tense for over two years after then-PM Justin Trudeau in 2023 accused India of involvement in the killing of Canadian Sikh separatist Hardeep Singh Nijjar. India rejected the allegations and accused Canada of allowing separatist groups to operate from its territory. Ties began to improve in June 2025 when PM Mark Carney hosted PM Narendra Modi at the G7 Summit in Kananaskis, Alberta.

France: President Macron rejects opposition parties’ calls for his resignation amid political crisis 
On 13 October, France's President Emmanuel Macron rejected calls to resign, amid France’s worst political crisis in decades. His latest government faces two no-confidence motions from the far-left “France Unbowed” and the far-right National Rally, potentially dismissing it by the week’s end. President Macron, attending the Gaza Peace Summit in Egypt, blamed rivals for destabilising the country and affirmed he would serve until his term ends in 2027. He reappointed Sebastien Lecornu as Prime Minister, unveiling a largely unchanged cabinet, despite promises of “renewal and diversity.” The cabinet must present a budget by Wednesday to address France’s eurozone largest deficit. Socialists demand pension reform repeal and a billionaires’ tax for their support. PM Lecornu may resign again if unable to implement these measures, says Reuters.

Madagascar: President Rajoelina to address the country as paramilitary forces shift support to protesters and call to defy government orders
On 13 October, Madagascan President Andry Rajoelina’s office stated that he would address the public after the country’s security forces signalled their support for the youth-led protests and stated that they had taken control of the island's paramilitary gendarmerie, reports Reuters. He had previously hinted at an attempted power grab as soldiers increasingly aligned themselves with the protesters. On 12 October, a unit of the paramilitary forces, which had been jointly managing the protests with the police, had broken away from the government. Members of CAPSAT, an elite force that aided Rajoelina in seizing power during the 2009 coup, had also declared the same day that they had assumed control of Madagascar’s security operations and would oversee all branches of the military from their base on the outskirts of Antananarivo, the capital. The group announced the appointment of General Demosthene Pikulas, former head of the military academy, as the new army chief and called on fellow soldiers to defy government orders and support the protesters. General Nonos Mbina Mamelison took over as the head of the paramilitary force and stated that "Exceptional situation, exceptional measures. And all the orders come from the gendarmerie command."

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
"Only by upholding promises can China-US economic and trade ties stabilize"
Global Times, 13 October 2025, https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1345461.shtml

Francesco Canepa and Howard Schneider
"How the United States is eating Trump's tariffs"
Reuters, 13 October 2025, https://www.reuters.com/world/us/how-united-states-is-eating-trumps-tariffs-2025-10-13/

James Stavridis
"Putin is taking his hybrid warfare to the sea"
The Japan Times, 13 October 2025, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/10/13/world/putin-takes-hybrid-warfare-to-the-sea/

Lee Byung-jong
"A Korea–Japan economic tie-up"
The Korea Herald, 13 October 2025, https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10590499

Mohammed Ayoob
"Indicators of Israel’s unsustainable hegemony"
The Hindu, 13 October 2025, https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/lead/indicators-of-israels-unsustainable-hegemony/article70155827.ece

Gideon Rachman
"Why peace in the Middle East may still be elusive"
Financial Times, 13 October 2025, https://www.ft.com/content/374537af-69c8-4d7e-966d-fefbd630c3ba

"China tries shock-and-awe on Donald Trump"
The Economist, 13 October 2025, https://www.economist.com/international/2025/10/12/china-tries-shock-and-awe-on-donald-trump

Amr Hamzawy
"Why Gradualism Can Help in Gaza"
Foreign Affairs, 13 October 2025, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/middle-east/why-gradualism-can-help-gaza

11-12 OCTOBER, SATURDAY-SUNDAY
The World Today #132-133

The War in Gaza: Egypt to host an international summit on 13 October to finalise the agreement to end the war; 20 world leaders including President Trump expected 
On 11 October, a Presidential spokesperson of Egypt stated that it would host an international summit in Sharm el-Sheikh on 13 October to finalise the agreement to end the war in Gaza. Over 20 world leaders, including President Trump, are expected to attend. The ceasefire between Israel and Hamas held for a third day on 12 October, ahead of the planned release of hostages and prisoners and Trump’s address to Israel’s Knesset. Large crowds gathered in Tel Aviv, where US envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner addressed demonstrators, expressing optimism over the release of hostages. Witkoff stated that the hostages “are coming home” and credited Trump’s mediation efforts. Meanwhile, across Australia, tens of thousands joined pro-Palestinian rallies. In Sydney, the organiser, the Palestine Action Group, estimated a crowd of 30,000 people. Protestors expressed doubt about the ceasefire’s durability and criticised Israel’s continued military occupation of Gaza and the West Bank.

The War in Ukraine: Kremlin warns of “dramatic escalation” over Tomahawk missiles; Financial Times says, US intelligence aids Kyiv's energy attacks 
On 12 October, the Kremlin cautioned the West that supplying Ukraine with Tomahawk missiles would mark a “dramatic escalation” in the war, especially given some variants’ capability to carry nuclear payloads. Russia's spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said such a move could draw severe consequences and increase tensions across all fronts. Meanwhile, the Financial Times, citing US and Ukrainian sources, reported that US intelligence has been instrumental in aiding Ukraine to strike energy infrastructure deep inside Russia, providing data on route planning, timing, altitude, and vulnerabilities of targets. The assistance aimed to bypass Russian air defences and underscore US involvement in Kyiv’s long-range strike capabilities.

Pakistan and Afghanistan: Intense military clashes occur along the border; 58 Pakistani soldiers killed, says Kabul
On 11 October, military clashes took place along the Pakistan-Afghanistan border. A spokesman of Afghanistan’s Taliban government stated that Afghan troops conducted armed operations in various locations and captured multiple Pakistani border posts. Further, the spokesman said that 58 Pakistani soldiers were killed in “an act of retaliation” and over 30 soldiers were wounded. Additionally, the spokesman for the Afghan Ministry of Defence accused Pakistan of violating Afghan airspace and conducting airstrikes on Afghan territory, following an air strike over a market in Kabul. In response, Pakistan conducted counterattacks with artillery firing. It is reported that Pakistan has also captured numerous Afghan border posts. Pakistan’s Interior Ministry stated that Federal Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi strongly condemned “unprovoked firing” by Afghanistan on Pakistani territories, warning that his country's forces would respond “with a stone for every brick.” This development comes amidst Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi’s six-day visit to India.

US-China Trade Tensions: “China's export controls are not export bans," China’s Ministry of Commerce responds to Trump's 100 per cent tariffs on Chinese exports
On 12 October, China’s Ministry of Commerce issued a statement in its first direct response to President Trump's latest tariffs on Chinese exports and accusations of inciting new trade tensions. On 10 October, Trump announced additional 100 percent tariffs on Chinese exports, along with new export controls on critical software by 01 November. Previously, on 09 October, China had revealed a new set of export controls for five more rare-earth metals, raising the restrictions to 12 metals. Restrictions were also placed on the export of specialised technological equipment used to refine rare-earth metals, and foreign companies will now have to obtain special approvals from Beijing to export rare-earth magnets and certain semiconductor materials that have at least 0.1 per cent heavy rare-earth metals from China. Companies will be required to reveal the intended use of the product that the rare-earths will be used for, in order to obtain the license. Most of these restrictions will be implemented from 01 December. "Our relationship with China over the past six months has been a very good one, thereby making this move on Trade an even more surprising one," Trump said in response to restrictions. The ministry stated that the restrictions followed a series of US measures since bilateral trade talks in Madrid in September, stating that "The US actions have severely harmed China’s interests and undermined the atmosphere of bilateral economic and trade talks." It also defended the restrictions, stating concern about the usage of these minerals in military applications at a time of "frequent military conflicts.” The statement reassured that "China's export controls are not export bans," and that export applications for civilian use in compliance with the regulations will be approved.

China-North Korea: Beijing and Pyongyang pledge to strengthen strategic cooperation 
On 12 October, China and North Korea pledged to bolster their strategic ties amid global tensions, as reported by Pyongyang's state media KCNA. In a letter to North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un, China’s President Xi Jinping affirmed Beijing's commitment to deepening cooperation on international and regional issues, responding to Kim's congratulations on the 104th anniversary of China's Communist Party. Xi quoted the nations as "good neighbours, good friends" who share a destiny and mutual support, with their bond growing ever stronger. He referenced a "blueprint" for relations sketched during Kim's visit to Beijing in September. Meanwhile, North Korea's foreign minister and Indonesia's foreign minister met in Pyongyang, signing a memorandum on bilateral cooperation and shared concerns, ahead of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea’s 80th anniversary of its ruling party celebrations.

US and India: US Ambassador-designate Sergio Gor meets Prime Minister Modi
On 11 October, US Ambassador-designate to India and Special Envoy for South and Central Asian Affairs Sergio Gor visited New Delhi and met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In a statement on ‘X,’ Gor said that he was honoured to be with PM Modi, stating that the US-India relationship “will only strengthen over the months ahead.” Further, he also met India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, and Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri. These meetings covered a wide range of issues, including ongoing trade negotiations and collaboration in the domains of defence, technology, and critical minerals. Additionally, the US Embassy clarified that Gor will be taking charge as Ambassador “in the new year.”

10 OCTOBER, FRIDAY
The World Today #131

Nobel Peace Prize 2025: Maria Corina Machado, Venezuela's opposition leader, wins the award for her role in advancing the transition to democracy in her country
On 10 October, Venezuelan opposition leader Maria Corina Machado received the 2025 Nobel Peace Prize “for her tireless work promoting democratic rights for the people of Venezuela and for her struggle to achieve a just and peaceful transition from dictatorship to democracy,” the Norwegian Nobel Committee stated. Machado, a 58-year-old industrial engineer, won a decisive victory in Venezuela’s 2023 opposition primary election, drawing widespread public support. However, she was barred from running against President Nicolás Maduro in the 2024 election and subsequently went into hiding. The electoral authority declared Maduro the winner, though no detailed tallies were released, in the backdrop of stark economic and social crises. His 12-year rule is viewed by many nations as illegitimate, reported BBC. The elections were widely rejected internationally as neither free nor fair and led to nationwide protests. Despite being barred, Machado united the divided opposition behind Edmundo González. The government-controlled National Electoral Council declared Maduro the winner, despite polling data showing González’s landslide victory.

Who said what
“I thank you so much, but I hope you understand this is a movement, this is an achievement of a whole society. I am just one person. I certainly do not deserve it,” stated Machado. The UN human rights office called the award as reflecting “the clear aspirations of the people of Venezuela for free and fair elections.” The Nobel Committee noted, “When authoritarians seize power, it is crucial to recognise courageous defenders of freedom who rise and resist.” Human Rights Watch stated the award could increase global pressure on the Maduro administration.

The War in Gaza: Israel’s Parliament approves Gaza ceasefire and hostage release; IDF to withdraw to predetermined positions and 600 aid trucks permitted to enter the enclave
On 10 October, Israel’s Parliament approved the Gaza ceasefire and hostage release deal in the first phase of the 20-point peace plan. Within the next 24 hours, Israeli forces are to pull back to predetermined positions to reduce contact with Gaza’s civilian population. This redeployment moves troops away from several major urban centres while still keeping control over roughly half of the enclave. The military had stated that its forces were “adjusting their operational positions” inside Gaza. The agreement also says that within 72 hours of the military's redeployment, all 48 hostages are to be released from the Gaza Strip and handed over to Israeli security forces. Following the hostage release, Israel will release 250 Palestinians convicted or suspected of security crimes, as well as 1,700 adults and 22 minors detained in Gaza during the war, and the bodies of 360 fighters. Six hundred trucks of humanitarian aid, mostly food, medical equipment, shelter equipment, fuel and cooking gas, and equipment needed to fix damaged infrastructure, will be allowed to enter Gaza and permitted to travel freely between north and south. Residents of Gaza will also be allowed to leave Gaza to Egypt through the Rafah crossing in coordination with Egypt, subject to Israeli approval and under the supervision of an EU delegation, stated a security official. The return of residents through the crossing will also be carried out with Israel’s approval and after a mechanism is agreed upon between Israel and Egypt. The exiled Gaza chief of Hamas, Khalil Al-Hayya, said he had received guarantees from the United States and other mediators that the war was over. Following the commencement of the ceasefire, Israel’s military spokesperson, Brigadier General Effie Defrin stated that "Hamas is not the Hamas of two years ago. Hamas has been defeated every place we fought them.”

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches mass strike across Ukraine, targeting dwellings and energy facilities 
On 10 October, a large Russian missile and drone assault struck across Ukraine, damaging civilian dwellings and energy infrastructure. In Kyiv and multiple regions, power outages and water disruptions followed, with authorities reporting temporary electricity loss across nine regions. Many were injured as residential buildings, power lines, and fuel networks came under fire. Ukraine’s air defenses intercepted hundreds of drones and missiles, but the vast volume overwhelmed systems. These attacks, among the most intense on critical infrastructures, underline Moscow’s push to degrade civilian resilience ahead of winter. Ukraine's officials condemned the strikes as “terror against civilians,” urging stronger Western air defense support, while the European Union called the attacks a “violation of international humanitarian law.” Russia, however, stated it was targeting military and energy facilities.

Taiwan: President Lai unveils plans for “T-Dome” air defence system to counter Beijing’s threat  
On 10 October, Taiwan's President Lai Ching-te unveiled plans for the "T-Dome" air defence system during his National Day speech in Taipei. This dome aims to protect the island against escalating threats from China. The multi-layered "T-Dome" will integrate advanced detection and interception capabilities to create a robust safety net for citizens, countering Beijing's superior arsenal of stealth jets, carriers, and missiles. President Lia Ching-te emphasized the urgency, stating, "The increase in defence spending has a purpose; it is a clear necessity to counter enemy threats and a driving force for developing our defence industries." The Taiwanese government will propose a special military budget by year-end to accelerate construction, amid China's rejection of President Lai as a "separatist" and ongoing cross-strait tensions. Beijing is yet to respond to the statement from President Lai.

“China's tightening of control over the rare earths is an escalation, and threatens trade talks and the Global Economy," says The Wall Street Journal
On 9 October, one of the reports published by the Wall Street Journal said "China’s newest restrictions on rare-earth materials would mark a nearly unprecedented export control that stands to disrupt the global economy, giving Beijing more leverage in trade negotiations and ratcheting up pressure on the Trump administration to respond." On 9 October, China’s Commerce Ministry, according to media reports, restricted the foreign suppliers to obtain Beijing's approval to export select products containing rare-earth materials. According to another WSJ report, "The controls are the latest from Beijing to flex China’s global dominance of supply chains, especially for cutting-edge industries and defense systems."

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
"China's improvement of rare earth governance safeguards stability of global supply chain" 
Global Times, 10 October 2025, https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202510/1345270.shtml

Yasuto Watanabe and Hiro Ito
"How Asia can reduce its dollar dependence"
Japan Times, 10 October 2025, https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/10/10/world/asia-and-dollar-dependence/

Wang Son-taek
"Trump is not an enemy"
The Korea Herald, 10 October 2025, https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10588051

Zhou Xiaoming
"Trump is shaking down US trade partners – in a reverse Marshall Plan"
South China Morning Post, 10 October 2025, https://www.scmp.com/opinion/world-opinion/article/3328264/trump-shaking-down-us-trade-partners-reverse-marshall-plan?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Ronny P. Sasmita
"How Sanae Takaichi’s rise could reshape Japan and Asia’s future"
South China Morning Post, 10 October 2025, https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3328185/how-sanae-takaichis-rise-could-reshape-japan-and-asias-future?module=top_story&pgtype=section

A new beginning for the Middle East
"The breakthrough in Gaza could open up a new approach to peace"
Economist, https://www.economist.com/leaders/2025/10/09/a-new-beginning-for-the-middle-east

Thomas L. Friedman
"Give Trump the Nobel for Gaza, if He Does the Harder Parts to Come"
New York Times, 9 October 2025, https://www.nytimes.com/2025/10/09/opinion/trump-israel-nobel-gaza.html

Joost R. Hiltermann and Natasha Hall
"The Gaza Deal Is Not Too Big to Fail
How Israel’s Military Dominance Could Undermine America’s Quest for Regional Peace"
Foreign Affairs, 9 October 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/gaza-deal-not-too-big-fail

09 OCTOBER, THURSDAY
The World Today #130
The War in Gaza: Israel-Hamas sign a ceasefire and hostage exchange deal under the first phase of President Trump’s 20-point proposal
On 09 October, a ceasefire and hostage exchange deal was signed between Israel and Hamas under the first phase of President Trump’s 20-point proposal to end the war in Gaza. Officials from both sides confirmed that the agreement was signed following indirect negotiations held in Egypt. Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s office stated that the ceasefire would take effect only upon ratification by the Israeli government, following a security cabinet meeting scheduled for the day. The agreement provides for a cessation of hostilities, partial Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, and the release of hostages by Hamas in exchange for Palestinian prisoners. Israeli forces are expected to begin withdrawal within 24 hours of signing. Twenty Israeli hostages are expected to be released by 12–13 October. Next steps in Trump's 20-point plan is yet to be discussed by both sides including the post-war governance of Gaza, and disarmament of Hamas. Meanwhile, Israeli airstrikes on three Gaza City suburbs continued overnight and into the morning of 09 October. On the same day, Western and Arab states met in Paris to discuss an international peacekeeping force and post-conflict reconstruction for Gaza.

Who says what
Palestinians and families of Israeli hostages celebrated following the news of the agreement, reported Reuters. The agreement received broad support from Arab and Western countries and was viewed as a significant diplomatic achievement for President Trump, who described it as an initial step toward wider Middle East reconciliation. "All Parties will be treated fairly! This is a GREAT Day for the Arab and Muslim World, Israel, all surrounding Nations, and the United States of America, and we thank the mediators from Qatar, Egypt, and Turkey, who worked with us to make this Historic and Unprecedented Event happen," he stated on social media. “BLESSED ARE THE PEACEMAKERS!” Turkey’s President Erdogan stated that the country would assist in monitoring the ceasefire’s implementation. Prime Minister Netanyahu described the agreement as “a diplomatic success and a national and moral victory for the State of Israel.” Foreign Minister Gideon Saar expressed Israel’s interest in expanding peace and normalisation in the region.

India and Afghanistan: Taliban Foreign Minister arrives in India for a six-day visit
On 09 October, Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi arrived in New Delhi for the first high-level trip from Kabul since the Taliban seized power four years back. Mr Muttaqi is set to hold talks with External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval during his six-day visit from 9 to 16 October, reports The Hindu. India has not yet recognised the Taliban and has been the formation of a truly inclusive government in Kabul. The visit marks the highest level of interaction between New Delhi and the Taliban. "We look forward to engaging discussions with him on bilateral relations and regional issues," foreign ministry spokesperson Randhir Jaiswal said in a post welcoming the minister. The visit had been scheduled for September, but was called off due to travel bans imposed on Taliban leaders by the UN Security Council. The UN issued a statement allowing a temporary exemption that allowed Muttaqi’s visit to India.

India and the UK: PM Keir Starmer meets PM Narendra Modi; UK agrees to supply India with missile systems
On 09 October, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer met India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi. Both leaders expressed optimism about the India–UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed in July. PM Starmer said that the trade deal has resulted in a “6 billion pound boost in trade and investment,” highlighting that “it’s time to invest in the United Kingdom, invest in this relationship and invest in our shared future.” In response, PM Modi affirmed his confidence in both countries enhancing their trade in accordance with Vision 2035, emphasising that PM Starmer's visit, accompanied by the largest-ever trade mission, “reflects the new energy and broad vision” of the partnership between the UK and India. The joint statement released by both countries covered multiple areas of cooperation, including economic growth, technology and innovation, defence and security, climate and energy, education, culture, and people-to-people exchanges, as well as regional and multilateral cooperation. Further, it stated that the UK will provide India with an “initial supply of Lightweight Multirole Missile (LMM) systems."

India and Australia: Defence Minister Rajnath Singh visits Canberra; the two countries agree to boost maritime security and defence industry cooperation
On 09 October, during the two-day visit to Australia, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh held talks with his Australian counterpart Richard Marles on further expanding bilateral strategic ties. The two leaders reviewed cooperation across cyber defence, maritime domains, and regional challenges, reaffirming the Comprehensive Strategic Partnership. Both countries have signed a pact for mutual submarine rescue operations, enhancing maritime security amid Indo-Pacific tensions. The leaders also pledged deeper ties in defence technology and industry, with India proposing to service Australian naval vessels in its shipyards. Marles said, "All of that is taking our high-level strategic alignment and taking this to a much deeper operational level." He emphasised that two defence forces would increase information sharing. Rajnath Singh wrote on X, “Had a productive meeting with Australia’s Deputy PM & Defence Minister. We reviewed the full spectrum of India-Australia defence cooperation, including defence industry, cyber defence, maritime security, and regional challenges.”

The War in Ukraine: North Korea backs Russia; President Zelensky reports gains in Donetsk; EU questions US sanctions moves 
On 09 October, North Korea pledged full support for Russia’s military operation in Ukraine, signalling Pyongyang’s alignment with Moscow in its ongoing campaign. Meanwhile, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky said Ukrainian forces inflicted frontline losses on Russian troops in the Donetsk region, while Moscow mounted heavy defences. He added that Russian gasoline supplies may have fallen by one-fifth after strategic strikes on fuel infrastructure, increasing pressure on the Kremlin’s energy mobilisation. Amid these events, EU sanctions envoy David O’Sullivan reported that US President Donald Trump continues to keep Western allies uncertain about additional sanctions on Russia, complicating coordination among Kyiv’s supporters.

08 OCTOBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #129
The War in Gaza: Hamas submits list of hostages and Palestinian prisoners for an exchange; top US and regional mediators join the Egypt talks
On 08 October, Hamas submitted lists of hostages and Palestinian prisoners for a potential exchange, expressing optimism over ongoing negotiations to end the Gaza war. Indirect talks in Egypt, which began on 06 October, are centred on ceasefire mechanisms, Israeli withdrawal from Gaza, and the proposed swap deal under President Trump’s 20-point proposal. Key sticking points include pressure on Hamas to disarm, which the group has resisted. The timeline for implementing the plan’s first phase remains undecided as per sources, reported Reuters. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio will attend a ministerial meeting in Paris on 09 October with European, Arab, and other states to discuss Gaza’s post-war transition. US envoy Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner (President Trump’s Middle East advisor in his first term), alongside Qatar’s Prime Minister and Turkey’s intelligence chief, joined the Egypt talks. Israel’s Strategic Affairs Minister (PM Netanyahu’s close confidant) is expected to join. Meanwhile, Turkey’s President Erdogan stated that Trump requested him to “persuade” Hamas to accept the plan over a call.

India and UK: PM Keir Starmer arrives in India for a state visit; Wants trade deal to be implemented as soon as "humanly possible"
On 08 October, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer arrived in India for a two-day state visit. A trade delegation of 125 people is accompanying PM Starmer, comprising CEOs, entrepreneurs, and representatives from universities and cultural institutions. While addressing delegates of the trade mission upon his arrival in Mumbai, PM Starmer asserted that the trade deal signed between India and the UK provides “huge opportunities,” highlighting that he had asked his team to implement the deal as "quickly as humanly possible." Further, he said that “opportunities are already opening up,” acknowledging that it is the government’s job to make it easier for stakeholders to “seize opportunities.” PM Starmer is expected to meet India’s Prime Minister Narendra Modi tomorrow and will address the 6th edition of the Global Fintech Fest in Mumbai.

The War in Ukraine: Russia threatens to destroy Tomahawk missiles if supplied to Kyiv; President Putin claims capture of 5,000 square kilometres of territory 
On 08 October, Russia’s defense ministry warned it would destroy any US-made Tomahawk cruise missiles and their launchers if Washington supplied them to Ukraine. It also stated that such deliveries would be considered a direct threat to Russian security. Meanwhile, Russia's President Vladimir Putin said Russian forces had captured more than 5,000 square kilometres of Ukrainian territory so far this year. He described the gains as evidence of Moscow's effectiveness in its operations. These developments come amid ongoing debates in Washington over the supply of long-range weapons to Kyiv, underscoring Russia’s readiness to retaliate against such moves.

Russia: Duma approves withdrawal from key agreement on disposal of weapon-grade plutonium stockpiles 
On 08 October, Russia's lower house of parliament approved the decision to withdraw from the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement (PMDA), signed in 2000. A Russian note on the legislation withdrawing from the pact stated that “the United States has taken a number of new anti-Russian steps that fundamentally change the strategic balance that prevailed at the time of the Agreement and create additional threats to strategic stability." The act was enforced in 2011 and committed both the US and Russia to dispose of at least 34 tonnes of weapons-grade plutonium each, from the vast stockpiles leftover from the Cold War. The PMDA sought the safe disposal of weapons-grade plutonium by converting it into safer forms like mixed oxide (MOX) fuel or by irradiating plutonium in fast-neutron reactors for electricity production. Moscow had previously suspended the implementation of the agreement in 2016, citing US sanctions against Russia as unfriendly, NATO’s expansion, and the modifications in the US’s plutonium disposal mechanisms. Russia had highlighted that the US violated the agreement by unilaterally modifying the method by simply diluting the plutonium and disposing of it.

Myanmar: Military strike kills 20 civilians at anti-coup festival in Sagaing
On 08 October, in the twilight fields of Chaung-U township, Sagaing region, at least 20 civilians were killed on 06 October, when explosives were dropped by a motorised paraglider, also known as a paramotor. Local resistance groups, Amnesty International, and the shadow National Unity Government confirmed the toll, branding it "mass murder." According to Ko Thant, an information officer for the Chaung-U Township People's Defence Force, the military has used paramotors to bomb this area approximately six times before this latest incident. This marks the seventh such paramotor strike in the area since December 2024, amid escalating airstrikes, 1,134 in early 2025 alone, as the junta's civil war rages on.

07 OCTOBER, TUESDAY
The World Today #128
The War in Gaza: As the War enters its third year, Hamas and Israel discuss President Trump's peace plan in Egypt; in Gaza, Israeli forces launch air and ground strikes 
07 October, Israeli military forces launched air and ground strikes on Gaza, as indirect negotiations between Israel and Hamas commenced in Sharm el-Sheikh, Egypt, aiming to implement US President Donald Trump's peace plan. The plan includes provisions for a ceasefire, the release of hostages, and the delivery of humanitarian aid. While both parties have broadly approved the plan, significant disagreements persist, particularly concerning Israel's military presence and Hamas's disarmament. Mediators from Egypt, the US, and Qatar caution that progress may be slow due to deep divisions. Despite a partial reduction in Israeli airstrikes, attacks continue, with 19 Palestinians reported killed in the last 24 hours.

The War in Ukraine: President Trump wants clarity on Ukraine's Tomahawk plans; Moscow warns the move would escalate tensions
On 07 October, US President Donald Trump said he would want to know how Ukraine plans to use Tomahawk missiles before offering full support, emphasising caution over the deployment of long-range weapons. The Kremlin also said it was awaiting clarity from Washington on reports that the US could supply Tomahawk missiles to Kyiv. It also warned that such a move could further escalate tensions. Moscow questioned whether the US would provide targeting data or even operate the systems directly, reflecting rising unease. Meanwhile, Russia stated that a Ukrainian drone had crashed near a nuclear power plant in Voronezh, but caused no damage or casualties. 

US and Brazil: President Trump to meet President Lula in person after a "very good" call
On 06 October, US President Donald Trump, in a statement on Truth Social, agreed to meet Brazil's President Lula da Silva in person after a "very good" telephone call. President Trump stated that the discussion involved "many things" but was "mostly focused" on economic and trade matters, asserting that both countries will have "further discussions" and will "get together in the not too distant future, both in Brazil and the United States." According to the Brazilian government, during the call, President Trump designated Secretary of State Marco Rubio to continue tariff negotiations with Brazilian Vice President Geraldo Alckmin, Foreign Minister Mauro Vieira, and Finance Minister Fernando Haddad. This development comes after President Trump increased tariffs on Brazilian goods from 10 per cent to 50 per cent, citing the trial and conviction of Brazil's former President Jair Bolsonaro.

China and North Korea: Beijing boosts ties as Premier Li Qiang joins ruling party anniversary
On 07 October, Chinese Premier Li Qiang is set to head a delegation to North Korea during 09-11 October, participating in festivities for the 80th anniversary of the Workers' Party of Korea, according to KCNA. Beijing's foreign affairs office verified the trip, noting it as a chance to boost dialogue and enhance bilateral relations. A group from Russia, led by Dmitry Medvedev, will also join the Friday commemoration. The event follows a notable summit in Beijing last month, during which North Korean leader Kim Jong-un was joined by Chinese President Xi Jinping and Russian President Putin for a parade commemorating the end of Japan's role in World War II. In a recent message to Putin on his birthday, Kim highlighted the strong partnership between Moscow and Pyongyang, advocating for a fair and multipolar global framework. Leaders from Vietnam's Communist Party, and Laos' President Thongloun Sisoulith are expected to attend.

Canada and the US: PM Carney to meet President Trump; trade "will be a topic of discussion"
On 07 October, according to media reports, Canada's Prime Minister Mark Carney will visit the White House in Washington, DC, to meet US President Donald Trump. PM Carney is expected to discuss various issues, with a focus on US tariffs on Canadian goods in accordance with the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) exemptions. Previously, on 06 October, White House spokeswoman Karoline Leavitt said that "trade will be a topic of discussion" during PM Carney's visit, along with "all of the other issues that are facing both Canada and the United States." Further, President Trump speculated that PM Carney will "ask about tariffs," highlighting that "a lot of companies from Canada are moving into the United States." This development follows President Trump's imposition of significant sector-specific tariffs on Canadian goods. In response, PM Carney terminated a Digital Services Tax aimed at US tech companies and withdrew a majority of Canada's retaliatory tariffs on the US.

06 OCTOBER, MONDAY
The World Today #126-127
France: Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu resigns less than a day after announcing his cabinet
On 06 October, France's Prime Minister Sébastien Lecornu resigned less than a day after his cabinet was announced, stating the absence of political conditions necessary to govern effectively. His departure came just 26 days after his appointment following François Bayrou’s government collapse. Lecornu’s cabinet, largely unchanged from Bayrou’s, faced strong opposition in the National Assembly, where parties warned of voting it down. Critics, including Marine Le Pen of the National Rally, called for early elections. “Macron has put the country in an extremely difficult position," she added. Lecornu pointed to the “partisan appetites” of parties unwilling to compromise. France’s political instability has continued since President Macron’s July 2024 snap elections that produced a fragmented parliament. Previous governments under Michel Barnier and Bayrou also fell due to failed budgets and parliamentary deadlock. Ongoing fiscal challenges add to the turmoil, with France’s 2024 deficit at 5.8 per cent of GDP and national debt at 114 per cent, among the eurozone’s highest. Paris stock markets declined sharply following Lecornu’s unexpected resignation.

The War in Gaza: Israel and Hamas officials convene in Egypt for negotiations following President Trump’s 20-point plan proposal; “I am asking everyone to move fast,” says Trump 
On 06 October, Israel and Hamas officials convened in Egypt to begin negotiations aimed at ending the war in Gaza and securing the release of hostages. The talks, held in Sharm el-Sheikh following the 20-point plan proposed by President Trump, coincided with the second anniversary of the October 07 attack that triggered the war. The Israeli delegation included representatives from Mossad, Shin Bet, and Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s foreign policy adviser and  hostages coordinator, while Hamas was represented by its exiled leader Khalil Al-Hayya. "I am told the first phase should be completed this week, and I am asking everyone to move fast,” stated President Trump. "We don't need flexibility because everybody has pretty much agreed to it, but there will always be some changes,” he added. Palestinian officials expressed concern that Israel might abandon talks once hostages were released, reported Reuters. According to a statement by Hamas on 05 October, its negotiators aim to clarify the process for exchanging the remaining hostages, both alive and deceased, for Palestinian prisoners held in Israel, alongside securing an Israeli military withdrawal from Gaza and a ceasefire. A key obstacle remains Israel’s demand, consistent with President Trump’s proposal, that Hamas disarm, a condition the group rejects unless Israel ends its occupation and recognizes an independent Palestinian state.

India and the UK: PM Keir Starmer to visit India from 08 to 09 October to review the strategic partnership under Vision 2035
On 06 October, preparations are underway in India for the official visit of British Prime Minister Keir Starmer from 08 to 09 October. On 04 October, India’s Ministry of External Affairs released a statement confirming the visit. The two Prime Ministers will review progress under the India-UK Comprehensive Strategic Partnership in line with Vision 2035 focusing on different sectors like technology, defence, trade, climate, health, education and people-to-people ties. This visit follows the signing of the free trade agreement in July. The agreement aims to reduce tariffs on various goods, including textiles, cars, and more, to enable more businesses to flourish. In May, both countries hastened efforts to secure a deal due to the growing threat of tariffs imposed by US President Donald Trump.

Australia and Papua New Guinea: Sign a defence treaty that calls for aiding each other if attacked
On 06 October, Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese and Papua New Guinea's Prime Minister James Marape signed the Pukpuk defence treaty in Australia. According to this treaty, both parties are obliged to aid each other if attacked. Additionally, the treaty allows 10,000 Papua New Guineans to serve with the Australian Defence Force. Furthermore, Prime Minister Anthony Albanese stated that it is agreed "not to undertake any activities or enter into any agreements that would compromise the implementation of this Treaty." Calling this treaty a "historic agreement," he said, "By continuing to build our security relationships in the region, we safeguard our own security.” Stating the commitment to the relationship with China and other nations, Prime Minister James Marape said, "This Treaty was not conceived out of geopolitics or any other reason. But out of geography, history and the enduring reality of our shared neighbourhood.”

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv faces EU hurdles; Russian saboteurs active in Pokrovsk; Poland scrambles jets after strikes from Moscow 
On 06 October, Reuters reported that Ukraine’s bid for European Union membership remains complex, with Kyiv still required to implement judicial, economic, and anti-corruption reforms, even if Hungary lifts its objections. On the same day, a Ukraine's commander said Russian sabotage groups were operating inside Pokrovsk, launching surprise attacks and targeting key infrastructure. Ukrainian forces have tightened security and increased patrols in the region. On 05 October, Poland scrambled fighter jets after Russia launched missile and drone strikes across Ukraine, some approaching Polish airspace, prompting temporary airspace restrictions and heightened alert among NATO members.

04 OCTOBER, SATURDAY
The World Today #125
The War in Gaza: Hamas agrees to key terms on hostage release and ending the war; Trump instructs Israel to "immediately stop the bombing of Gaza”
On 03 October, Hamas issued a statement agreeing to key aspects of President Trump's 20-point peace plan, including ending the war, Israel's withdrawal, the release of Israeli hostages and Palestinian captives, aid and recovery efforts. Trump said he believed Hamas had shown it was "ready for a lasting PEACE" and he placed the responsibility on Israel. The group has been vague in its response to the provisions on post-war governance and  maintained that it sees itself as part of a "comprehensive Palestinian national framework, in which Hamas will be included and will contribute with full responsibility." Trump instructed Israel to immediately cease the bombardment of Gaza following the response from Hamas. "Israel must immediately stop the bombing of Gaza, so that we can get the Hostages out safely and quickly!" Trump stated. PM Netanyahu's office said Israel was preparing for an "immediate implementation" of the first stage of Trump's Gaza plan for the release of Israeli hostages following Hamas' response. The PM’s office also stated that Israel "will continue to work in full cooperation with the President and his team to end the war in accordance with the principles set out by Israel, which align with President Trump's vision." Reuters reported that despite Trump’s demands, several parts of the heart of Gaza City were bombed.

Japan: Ruling LDP elects Sanae Takaichi, who is likely to be Japan’s first woman Prime Minister
On 04 October, Japan's ruling party, the Liberal Democratic Party(LDP), elected Sanae Takaichi as the leader of the party. It follows the resignation of Shigeru Ishiba after the LDP and its coalition partners lost a majority in both houses in recent elections amid economic pressures and political stagnation. Takaichi is well known for her conservative views and advocacy of 'Abenomics.' As she becomes the first woman prime minister of Japan, she is expected to tackle problems related to the sluggish economy caused by inflation and stagnant wages and tariff negotiations with the US.

The War in Ukraine: Russia hits a passenger train; UN nuclear chief urges action to restore Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant
On 04 October, a Russian missile strike hit a passenger train and station in Ukraine’s Sumy region, causing casualties among passengers and railway workers, according to local officials. In recent days, Russian strikes on civilian targets in Ukraine have intensified, hitting transport facilities and raising concerns over civilian safety. Rescue operations were launched as authorities assessed damage and disruption to regional rail services. On 03 October, UN nuclear chief Rafael Grossi urged both Moscow and Kyiv to show “political will” to restore external power to the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant. The plant, Europe’s largest, has been disconnected from Ukraine’s grid and is currently relying on emergency diesel generators, a temporary measure that poses serious nuclear safety risks if not resolved quickly.

US: Trump freezes USD 2.1 billion in Chicago transit funding amid ongoing Government shutdown
On 04 October, Reuters reported that President Trump’s decision to freeze funds for Democratic-led states has led to concern among centrist Republicans in Congress, who caution that such measures may complicate efforts to resolve the ongoing government shutdown. On 03 October, Trump’s administration froze USD 2.1 billion in Chicago transit funding in the backdrop of an ongoing federal government shutdown that failed to end after a 54–44 Senate vote fell short of the required 60 votes. The freeze is part of a broader withholding of approximately USD 28 billion in federal funds to Democratic-led cities and states. The administration also signalled possible funding suspensions for Portland, Oregon. President Trump has indicated plans for further federal workforce reductions beyond the 300,000 employees already being dismissed this year. The administration’s funding freeze has primarily targeted transit and green-energy projects, both strongly supported by Democratic states.  Several Republicans have expressed limited concern over President Trump’s fiscal pressure tactics, “even though it undercuts Congress' constitutional authority over spending matters,” reported Reuters. Others point to the cuts challenging efforts to reach a middle ground that would resolve the government shutdown."If you do that, you're going to create a bad-faith environment here," said Republican Senator Thom Tillis, who is involved in informal discussions to end the standoff.

Who Says What
Opinions and views from around the world
Antonia Zimmermann and Camille Gijs
5 things to watch as EU-India trade talks enter home stretch 
Politico, https://www.politico.eu/article/eu-india-trade-talks-donald-trump-tariffs-agriculture-sustainability/

Nadezhda Romanenko
Putin offers peace to the West. Will it accept?
The Russian president has shown he values peaceful coexistence – but never at the cost of Russia’s national interests
RT, https://www.rt.com/news/625837-putin-russia-west-peace/

Hamas says “yes, but” to the Trump Gaza plan. That may not be enough
Economist, https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-africa/2025/10/04/hamas-says-yes-but-to-the-trump-gaza-plan-that-may-not-be-enough

How bad is America’s icebreaker gap with Russia?
Finland has something special that America wants
Economist, https://www.economist.com/europe/2025/10/02/how-bad-is-americas-icebreaker-gap-with-russia

Hanna Notte
Russia Isn’t Done With Syria
How Moscow Has Retained Influence in the Post-Assad Era
Foreign Affairs, 3 October 2025, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/russia/russia-isnt-done-syria

Hamas Is Still at War With Itself Over Terms of Trump’s Peace Plan
Political leaders in Qatar lean toward accepting President Trump’s plan, but military commanders in Gaza resist surrendering arms and giving up hostages
Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/world/middle-east/hamas-israel-trump-gaza-peace-deal-50643a6d?mod=hp_lead_pos1

03 OCTOBER, FRIDAY
The World Today #124

The War in Gaza: Israel’s interception of over 40 boats in flotilla carrying aid to Gaza prompts international protests across the World
On 02 October, International condemnation and protests erupted over Israel intercepting a flotilla of more than 40 civilian vessels attempting to deliver aid to Gaza, detaining over 450 foreign activists, including Swedish campaigner Greta Thunberg. The flotilla, which departed in late August, carried food, medicine, parliamentarians, lawyers, and activists in opposition to Israel’s blockade. It was stopped about 70 nautical miles off Gaza, within an area patrolled by Israel to prevent maritime access. Organisers reported disrupted communications and interference with live camera feeds. Israel repeatedly characterised the mission as a stunt, reported Reuters. The incident prompted international protests across European cities, Karachi, Buenos Aires, and Mexico City, while Italian unions called a general strike for 03 October. Turkey, Spain, and Italy deployed boats and drones to safeguard their nationals aboard the flotilla, despite repeated Israeli warnings for the ships to turn back.

Who said what
The Global Sumud Flotilla, organiser of the voyage, stated on X that over 450 volunteers had been detained, pointing that some were first transferred to a cargo vessel before being brought ashore. The Italian Foreign Minister stated that he expected the detainees to be expelled from Israel on 06–07 October and flown to European capitals on charter flights. The Israeli foreign ministry confirmed in a statement that they are all "safe and in good health." Turkish President Erdogan stated, "I condemn the thuggery directed at the Global Sumud Flotilla, which set out to draw attention to the barbarity of children dying of hunger in Gaza and to deliver humanitarian aid to the oppressed Palestinians.” An investigation into the detention of 24 Turkish citizens aboard the vessels has been opened, said the Istanbul chief prosecutor’s office.

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches largest strike on Naftogaz, the main gas producer in Ukraine
On 03 October, Russia attacked the facilities of Naftogaz in the Kharkiv and Poltava regions that function as Ukraine’s main gas production facilities. This happens to be the biggest attack on the gas and oil company since the war began. The CEO, Sergii Koretskyi, wrote that the attack has damaged the facilities and some of the damage has become critical. He added that "There was no military purpose or rationale. It was yet another display of Russian malice, aimed solely at disrupting the heating season and depriving Ukrainians of the ability to heat their homes this winter." Russia’s Defense Ministry has also confirmed the attack and said that it has also attacked military-industrial facilities. This prompted the top private energy provider, DTEK, to suspend operations in the Poltava region and left 8000 consumers without power. On the same day, Ukraine struck the Orsknefteorgsintez refinery in the Russian city of Orsk in retaliation.

Spain: Government plans to make the right to abortion a constitutional right
On 03 October, Spain's government stated that it plans to make abortion rights constitutional. A government statement said, “In a global context of attacks on sexual and reproductive rights, this step is needed to guarantee women’s freedom and autonomy,” and " The initiative follows a PP-Vox-backed measure passed by Madrid PP-ruled city council, obliging health centres to provide information on alleged 'post-abortion trauma.” This major move will also aim to tackle abortion law to prevent false information and would force medical authorities to only provide abortion-related information based on objective scientific evidence. This decision is in the context of the latest Madrid Council decision, compelling health services to inform women about "post-abortion syndrome," which allegedly leads to alcohol and drug use, suicidal thoughts, etc. The bill requires the support of three-fifths of the lower house for it to actualise.

India and Afghanistan: Afghan Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi to visit India next week, says India’s Ministry of External Affairs
On 03 September, India’s Ministry of External Affairs announced that Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi will visit India from 09 to 16 October. The spokesman of the Ministry of External Affairs stated that the UN Security Council Committee has granted exemption for “the travel of Afghanistan’s Foreign Minister to New Delhi from 9 to 16 October.” According to UN Security Council resolution 1988 (2011), individuals linked to the Taliban are subject to travel bans. However, the resolution permits the Council to provide exemptions. Previously, on 30 September, the Security Council Committee, established pursuant to resolution 1988 (2011), “approved an exemption to the travel ban for Amir Khan Motaqi (TAi.026) to visit New Delhi, India, from 9 to 16 October 2025.”

Nigeria: Boko Haram captures Kirawa with a violent attack; five thousand flee to Cameroon
On 03 October, Reuters reported that more than five thousand people had fled to Cameroon as Boko Haram militants seized Kirawa in Borno state. Borno state has been the epicentre of a 16-year conflict with the presence of Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP). The attack on the border town, Kirawa, came late on 02 October and forced the district head, Abdulrahman Abubakar, to abandon his palace. He told Reuters, “I was left with no option but to flee to Cameroon.” Later, his palace was burned along with other homes and military barracks. Boko haram released a video that showed the fighters torching the barracks while shouting “victory belongs to God.” This attack followed the attack on Banki, which is another border town, on 19 September. The head of the town’s development group has called for urgent military reinforcements.
 

02 OCTOBER, THURSDAY
The World Today #123

The War in Ukraine: Russia slams the EU frozen asset plan as "crazy"; US expands intelligence aid to Ukraine 
On 02 October, the Kremlin stated that the US and NATO already supply Ukraine with intelligence regularly, downplaying reports of a major shift. On the same day, Moscow called an EU proposal to use frozen Russian assets as loans for Kyiv “crazy,” warning of retaliation if it proceeds. On  01 October, Washington decided to expand its support by providing Ukraine with intelligence for missile strikes deep inside Russia, targeting energy infrastructure such as refineries, pipelines, and power plants.

The War in Gaza: Aid flotilla intercepted by the Israeli navy; Israel blocks the main road in Gaza City 
On 02 October, the Global Sumud Flotilla, over 40 civilian vessels with around 500 activists, including Greta Thunberg, reported that unidentified vessels approached and disrupted them as they moved toward Gaza, prompting heightened security.  Israel then intercepted the flotilla, boarding several boats and detaining participants in Ashdod for deportation. Israel blocked the main road out of Gaza City with tanks and set up barriers, telling remaining residents this was their final chance to evacuate south before a major offensive.

Rare Earth Deals: Talks on a joint venture on a Rare Earth refinery take place between China and Malaysia, says Reuters; The US offers to buy stakes from Australis's critical mineral companies
On October 02, Reuters reported that a joint venture on rare earth refinery is taking shape between China and Malaysia. According to government estimates, Malaysia possesses 16.1 million metric tons of rare earth deposits, but it lacks the technology to mine and process them. On the same day, Australia's executive returned from Washington, stating that the US government has offered to buy equity in Australia's critical mineral companies to expand its supply and cut its supply from China.  Australia's Prime Minister Anthony Albanese is set to meet US President Trump in Washington on October 20, and the Rare Earth talks are expected to aid the AUKUS defence pact.

Papua New Guinea and Australia: Port Moresby approves defence treaty with Canberra 
On 02 October, Papua New Guinea’s cabinet approved the Pukpuk defence treaty with Australia, committing each country to come to the other’s aid if attacked. Under the agreement, up to 10,000 Papua New Guineans will be able to serve with the Australian Defence Force under dual arrangements. Australia's Prime Minister James Marape said the treaty reflects “the depth of trust, history, and shared future” between the two nations. Australia’s Prime Minister Anthony Albanese welcomed the approval, calling it an elevation of the bilateral relationship into a formal alliance. The agreement still requires ratification by both countries’ parliaments. The treaty is part of Australia’s broader effort to counter China’s growing security presence in the Pacific and follows a US-PNG defence pact signed in 2023.

India and China: Delhi and Beijing will restart direct flights, says India’s Ministry of External Affairs
On 02 October, India’s Ministry of External Affairs stated that the civil aviation authorities of India and China have agreed to resume “direct air services connecting designated points in India and China” by October 2025, subject to “commercial decision of the designated carriers from the two countries and fulfilment of all operational criteria.” The Ministry stated that this decision is pursuant to the “Government's approach towards gradual normalisation of relations between India and China.” Further, the Ministry said that this agreement will “facilitate people-to-people contact” between both countries and lead to “gradual normalisation of bilateral exchanges.” Previously, civil aviation authorities of both countries have not only conducted discussions on resuming direct air services but also on a “revised Air Services Agreement.”

Morocco: First killings occur amidst anti-government protests across the country
On 01 October, two people were killed in Lqliaa, near Morocco’s Agadir, after police opened fire to prevent protesters from storming a police station. These are the first deaths reported since youth-led protests against the Moroccan government began last week. Further, violence spread to regions such as Salé, Tangier, and Souss-Massa, whereby people hurled stones at police, looted shops, vandalised banks, and burned police vehicles. It is reported that a group called “GenZ 212” is organising these protests. Demonstrations in the country have become violent, with the death of eight women in a public hospital due to poor hospital conditions in Agadir being the immediate trigger. Initially, protests began in various cities of Morocco due to public anger over the government's decision to invest in preparations for the 2030 FIFA World Cup, while neglecting widespread corruption and inadequate funding of education and healthcare.

01 OCTOBER, WEDNESDAY
The World Today #122

The War in Ukraine: EU strengthens with "drone wall" defences against Moscow's drone threats; Russia notes frozen assets for Ukraine loan 
On 01 October, European Union leaders convened in Copenhagen to discuss the establishment of a "drone wall" after recent airspace violations in Denmark and other EU nations. They debated deploying sensors, anti-drone systems, and troops to strengthen regional security. Several member states pledged support to Denmark, while some officials speculated on potential Russian involvement, which Moscow denied. The summit highlighted the EU’s concern over unmanned aircraft strikes that temporarily disrupted Danish airports and threatened civilian safety. Leaders assessed technical and strategic measures to detect, track, and neutralise drones effectively, aiming to prevent future violations. The discussions emphasised coordination among EU nations, intelligence sharing, and enhancing aerial surveillance systems. European leaders expressed general support for using frozen Russian assets to fund EUR 140 billion loans to Ukraine. They discussed legal constraints under international law, clarifying that Ukraine would repay only after Russia provided war reparations. Belgium and France urged strong EU guarantees, while the Kremlin condemned the proposal as theft. Leaders debated how the funds would support Ukraine’s military and civilian needs, ensuring compliance with international norms.

China: K Visa targeting young STEM professionals takes effect today
On 01 October, China's K Visa, announced in August by the State Council targeting young science and technology professionals, takes effect. Premier Li Qiang had signed a decree to amend the regulation for foreigners' entries and exits. According to the authorities, K visas will offer more convenience to holders in terms of the number of permitted entries, validity period and duration of stay.  Additionally, it does not require a sponsoring employer, and more data is yet to be streamlined.

US: Federal government shutdown begins after Senate fails to pass budget 
On 01 October, the US government shut down majority of its operations because the US Senate failed to pass a vote to grant federal funding for the new fiscal year. US President Donald Trump claimed that the federal government can do “a lot of things that are irreversible.” Further, he said that the government will be “laying off a lot of people.” It is expected that multiple workers of the federal government will be furloughed and non-essential government services will be discontinued for the duration of the shutdown. The previous government shutdown took place during President Donald Trump’s first term in 2018.

The War in Gaza: Italy and Greece request Israel to refrain from attacking flotilla carrying aid; Red Cross halts operations in Gaza
On 01 October, Italy and Greece on called on Israel not to harm activists aboard an international flotilla attempting to deliver aid to Gaza. 
In a joint statement issued by the Foreign Ministers, they stated that "(We) are calling on the Israeli authorities to ensure the safety and security of the participants and to allow for all consular protection measures." The activists had rejected a compromise proposal from Rome and Athens uto hand over aid to the Catholic Church to avoid direct confrontation with Israel. The flotilla members starethat a key part of their mission is to challenge and expose Israel's naval blockade on Gaza, reports Reuters. The International Committee of the Red Cross stated that it has been forced to temporarily suspend operations in Gaza City and relocate staff due to escalating hostilities. The organisation will continue it's activities from its offices in Deir al-Balah and Rafah, which remain fully operational, it said in a statement.

Madagascar: Protesters demand President Andry Rajoelina’s resignation over water shortages and power blackouts
On 01 October, hundreds of protesters across Madagascar demanded the resignation of President Andry Rajoelina on the fifth day of demonstrations that have shaken the government. Sparked last week by nationwide water shortages and power blackouts, the youth-led demonstrations echoed Gen Z movements in Kenya and Nepal. Thousands rallied in Antananarivo and Toliara, chanting "Rajoelina Out" and urging the dissolution of the election commission, senate, and supreme court. Rajoelina, a 2009 coup leader who secured a disputed third term in 2023, faces accusations of eroding democracy. The UN tallies at least 22 deaths and over 100 injuries from clashes, including rock-throwing at police near Antananarivo University, with reports of looting. Opposition figure Rivo Rakotovao praised the move as a "rescue" for the nation, while Pope Leo implored prayers for justice and harmony, decrying the violence. The president's office warned against any "coup d'état" that could shatter the future.

Myanmar: Rakhine state faces an alarming hunger crisis, says WFP
On 01 October, the UN World Food Programme (WFP) warned that Myanmar’s war-torn Rakhine state is facing an “alarming” hunger crisis as over 16 million people face acute food shortage. “This is obviously contributing to the spike in hunger that we are seeing… we know there are populations that require our support,” said Michael Dunford, WFP’s country representative. Aid workers report children surviving on grass and leaves and also reported more than 100,000 suffering acute malnutrition. A Rohingya father told UN officials, “If WFP can’t feed us and the authorities won’t support us, then please drop a bomb on us.” The crisis stems from a combination of conflict, military blockades and aid funding cuts. While the US and UK pledged USD 96 million in support for Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh at the UN conference in New York, aid convoys remain unable to move food beyond Sittwe, the capital of Rakhine state. This leaves hundreds of thousands trapped in worsening conditions.