22 December 2025, Monday
The World Today #204
The War in Ukraine: US intelligence says Putin’s war aims in Kyiv remain unchanged; Kremlin calls the assessment “wrong and misleading” 
On 22 December, US intelligence officials assessed that Russian President Vladimir Putin’s core war aims in Ukraine remain unchanged, including control over more territory than Moscow held before its full-scale invasion. The assessment underscores concerns in Washington that Russia seeks a permanent strategic advantage rather than a negotiated ceasefire. In response, the Kremlin denied the US perception, calling the intelligence characterisation “wrong’ and misleading,” and asserted that reports do not reflect Russia’s official position. Kremlin spokespersons maintained that Moscow’s objectives and actions are defensive in nature. Later statements from Russia indicated that it is prepared to legally confirm it has no intention of attacking NATO members or any of its territories, aiming to counter Western fears of broader conflict escalation. Russian officials framed this as a clarification of Russia’s strategic posture. Despite the clarification, skepticism remains among Western analysts about Moscow’s long-term intentions in Europe.

Pakistan and Libya: Islamabad signs a USD 4 billion defence deal with Libyan National Army
On 22 December. Pakistan reached one of the largest defence export agreements in its history and finalised a weapons deal worth over USD four billion with Libya. The agreement was concluded after Pakistan’s Army Chief, Field Marshal Asim Munir, met Saddam Khalifa Haftar,deputy commander-in-chief of the LNA, in Benghazi last week. Officials familiar with the deal said it will be implemented over two and a half years and covers equipment across air, land and sea domains. At the centre of the agreement are JF 17 fighter jets, jointly developed by Pakistan and China, along with Super Mushak trainer aircraft. The deal also includes provisions for training and defence cooperation. While Libya remains under a United Nations arms embargo, Pakistani officials insisted the agreement does not violate international restrictions. The deal shows Pakistan’s growing push to expand defence exports beyond South Asia as it portrays itself as a lower cost alternative outside Western supply chains. It also reflects intensifying competition among regional powers seeking influence in Libya’s fragmented security landscape and oil-rich economy.

Thailand and Cambodia border tensions: Both countries agree to convene a  meeting of defence officials on 24 December towards resuming ceasefire
On 22 December, Thailand and Cambodia agreed to convene a meeting of defence officials on 24 December towards resuming the ceasefire, as intense border fighting entered its third week and the death toll rose to at least 80. The decision followed a special meeting of Southeast Asian foreign ministers in Kuala Lumpur, aimed at restoring a truce earlier brokered by ASEAN chair Malaysia and President Trump after clashes in July. Since the collapse of the ceasefire, both sides have exchanged rockets and artillery fire along their 817-km shared border, with fighting reported across multiple locations from forested areas near Laos to coastal provinces along the Gulf of Thailand. ASEAN foreign ministers called on both governments to exercise restraint and welcomed the planned meeting of the General Border Committee, a long-standing bilateral mechanism. “The ASEAN foreign ministers expressed hope for de-escalation of hostilities as soon as possible,” Malaysia said, noting that talks would address ceasefire implementation and verification.

The War in Gaza:  Second phase of ceasefire early in 2026, says Turkey’s Foreign Minister
Following talks with officials from the US, Qatar and Egypt, Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan stated that Ankara expects the second phase of a Gaza ceasefire deal to begin early in 2026. Speaking at a press conference in Damascus, Fidan said the talks centred on hurdles to moving the agreement into its next phase, stressing that the priority was for Gaza’s governance to be transferred to a Palestinian-led body.

Israel: Government set to shut down Army Radio station claiming it is a tool to “attack the IDF”
On 22 December, Israel's cabinet voted to shut down  Army Radio, one of two state-funded news outlets in the country. The move is one in a series of measures by Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's right-wing coalition. Defence Minister Israel Katz stated that the station be shut down by 01 March 2026, in what he described as an attempt to preserve the military’s nonpartisan character. He stated that the original purpose of the station had been to broadcast for Israel's soldiers but that it has evolved into a platform for views that “attack the IDF (Israel Defence Forces) and the IDF soldiers themselves.” Katz said an army-run broadcaster aimed at civilians was an anomaly in any democracy. Netanyahu echoed the view at a cabinet meeting, saying such stations exist in North Korea and a handful of other countries, and that Israel should not be counted among them. The Israel Democracy Institute (IDI), a non-partisan think tank, said closing Army Radio would effectively eliminate half of Israel’s independent public news broadcasting and argued that such a far-reaching step must be approved by parliament. "The decision to shut down a public media organisation is not an isolated move. It is part of a broader and worrying pattern of ongoing harm to Israeli democracy," IDI said in a statement. The Movement for Quality Government in Israel, an independent anti-corruption watchdog, said it has petitioned the Supreme Court against the government's decision. Other initiatives by Netanyahu’s coalition include legislation to extend a temporary emergency provision allowing media outlets deemed a national security threat to be banned, alongside sweeping reforms of Israel’s media sector. The law has already been used to block the pan-Arab broadcaster Al Jazeera from operating in Israel during the Gaza war. A series of bills introduced by the nationalist-religious ruling coalition, many of which were put on hold during the two-year Gaza conflict also included a controversial judicial overhaul that triggered mass protests. Several measures have since been revived as Israel enters an election year, with Netanyahu seeking an unprecedented mid-trial pardon from corruption charges he denies.

21 December 2025, Sunday
The World Today #203
The US and Venezuela: The US Coast Guard pursues another oil tanker in international waters near Venezuela
On 21 December, Reuters reported that the US Coast Guard was pursuing an oil tanker in international waters near Venezuela, making it second such operation over the weekend and the third in less than two weeks if completed. A US official stated: “The United States Coast Guard is in active pursuit of a sanctioned ‘dark fleet’ vessel that is part of Venezuela’s illegal sanctions evasion.” The official added that the tanker was “flying a false flag and under a judicial seizure order.” British maritime risk firm Vanguard and a US maritime security source identified the tanker as Bella 1, a very large crude carrier sanctioned by the US Treasury for links to Iran and for previously transporting Venezuelan oil to China. This development follows President Trump’s last week announcement of a “blockade” of all sanctioned oil tankers entering or leaving Venezuela. This is part of a broader pressure campaign against President Nicolás Maduro, which includes an expanded military presence and more than two dozen strikes on vessels near Venezuela, reportedly killing at least 100 people in the attacks. According to White House National Economic Council Director Kevin Hassett, the seized tankers were black-market vessels supplying sanctioned states. He noted that domestic oil prices should not be affected. However, analysts caution that increased interdictions could escalate geopolitical risks, reduce Venezuela’s export capacity, and pressure global oil markets if disruptions continue.

The War in Ukraine: US and Russian officials’ meeting in Florida, talks described as “Constructive and Productive” 
On 21 December, senior US and Russian officials met on 20 December in Florida for another round of talks aimed at ending Russia’s war in Ukraine, with US envoy Steve Witkoff, Russia’s negotiator Kirill Dmitriev, and Jared Kushner participating. The discussions were described as constructive and productive, focusing on aligning US, European, and Ukrainian positions, including security guarantees, economic rebuilding, and sequencing of next steps in the negotiation process. Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky has expressed openness to a new format for talks that could involve the US, Russia, and Ukraine directly possibly also European envoys , as part of renewed diplomatic engagement. However, the Kremlin dismissed recent amendments made by European and Ukrainian negotiators to the US peace proposals, asserting that these changes do not improve the likelihood of achieving peace. Kremlin foreign policy aide Yuri Ushakov indicated that those revisions would not enhance prospects for a lasting settlement, even as envoys continue to consult. In related developments, British Prime Minister Keir Starmer spoke with US President Donald Trump on efforts toward a “just and lasting end” to the war, reinforcing allied coordination.

Thailand and Cambodia border tensions: Southeast Asian foreign ministers meet in Malaysia to revive the ceasefire between the two countries
On 22 December, Southeast Asian foreign ministers met in Malaysia to revive the ceasefire between Thailand and Cambodia after nearly two weeks of intense fighting that has killed at least 60 people and displaced over half a million. The meeting, held in Kuala Lumpur, brought together the two countries’ top diplomats for the first time since hostilities resumed on 8 December. ASEAN ministers sought to restore a truce earlier brokered by Malaysia and President Trump following severe clashes in July. In his opening remarks, Malaysia’s foreign minister said: “It is my hope that this special meeting will renew our efforts for a return to stability in the affected areas. ASEAN must do whatever is necessary to maintain regional peace and stability.” He added: “Our goal goes beyond de-escalating the tension. We must intensify trust-building among the conflicting parties and provide the horizons for dialogue despite the prevailing differences.” The diplomatic effort comes as the US and China pursue parallel mediation initiatives, with limited progress so far. Both Bangkok and Phnom Penh accuse each other of violating the October ceasefire, which included commitments to troop withdrawals and demining. Fighting has continued along multiple points of their 817-km border, involving artillery, rockets, drones and airstrikes.

Nigeria: Remaining 130 schoolchildren abducted from a Catholic school  have been released, says President's spokesperson 
On 21 December, Nigeria announced the release of the remaining 130 schoolchildren abducted in November from a Catholic boarding school in Niger state, making it one of the country’s largest mass kidnappings in recent years. President's spokesperson stated that “the remaining 130 schoolchildren abducted by terrorists…have now been released,” adding that they were expected to arrive in Minna and reunite with their families ahead of Christmas. He said, “The freedom of the schoolchildren followed a military-intelligence driven operation.” The children were among more than 300 pupils and 12 staff abducted from St Mary’s Catholic boarding school in Papiri village on 21 November. Fifty students escaped during the attack, while authorities earlier confirmed the rescue of 100 others, bringing the total number freed to 230. The abduction renewed public concern over consistent insecurity in northern Nigeria, where armed groups frequently target schools for ransom. Such attacks have increased since the 2014 kidnapping of 276 schoolgirls by Boko Haram in Chibok.

The US and Immigration: President Trump plans expanded immigration enforcement in 2026, says media reports 
On 21 December, media reported that the US President Donald Trump is preparing a significant expansion of immigration enforcement in 2026, backed by billions of dollars in new funding for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Border Patrol, despite growing political backlash ahead of next year’s midterm elections. Under the plan, ICE and Border Patrol would receive approximately USD 170 billion in additional funds through 2029, a massive increase from existing budgets. Administration officials say this will allow them to hire thousands more agents, open new detention centres, and expand immigration enforcement operations nationwide. Expanded workplace raids are also planned, with enforcement actions set to extend into local jails and private-sector compliance efforts. The crackdown aims to deport larger numbers of undocumented immigrants, support intensified border security, and target employers who hire individuals without legal status. Officials assert the measures are intended to address illegal immigration and criminality. However, critics and local leaders have voiced concern that the aggressive tactics may violate civil liberties and due process, and could strain relations with immigrant communities. Rising political opposition was evident in recent local elections where enforcement policies were cited as a factor influencing voter sentiment
 

20 December 2025, Saturday
The World Today #202
The US and Venezuela: Washington issues sanctions on family members and associates of President Nicolás Maduro 
On 19 December, the US imposed new sanctions on family members and close associates of Venezuela’s  President Nicolás Maduro, further escalating pressure on his government. In a statement, the US Treasury Department said it had sanctioned seven individuals linked to Maduro and his wife, accusing them of sustaining his rule. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated that those targeted were “propping up Nicolas Maduro’s rogue narcostate.” He added, “We will not allow Venezuela to continue flooding our nation with deadly drugs.” Bessent further added that “Maduro and his criminal accomplices threaten our hemisphere’s peace and stability,” and that the Trump administration would continue targeting networks that support what it described as his “illegitimate dictatorship.” Venezuela’s information ministry did not immediately respond.  Maduro and his government have consistently rejected allegations of criminal links, arguing that Washington’s actions are part of a broader effort to remove him from power and gain access to Venezuela’s oil resources. The sanctions come in the backdrop of an expanded US military presence in the southern Caribbean.

The War in Gaza: New governance body and deployment of forces to be in place soon, says the US Secretary of State
On 20 December, the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that a new governance structure for Gaza consisting of an international board and a group of Palestinian technocrats would be in place soon, followed by the deployment of foreign troops. Speaking at the US Central Command conference in Doha, Rubio said the status quo in Gaza was unsustainable, as Israel has continued to strike Hamas targets while the militant group has reasserted control since the October peace agreement brokered by President Donald Trump’s administration. "That's why we have a sense of urgency about bringing phase one to its full completion, which is the establishment of the Board of Peace, and the establishment of the Palestinian technocratic authority or organization that's going to be on the ground, and then the stabilization force comes closely thereafter," Rubio said. He added that recent progress had been made in identifying Palestinians for the technocratic group and that Washington aimed to establish the governance bodies “very soon,” though he did not provide a specific timeline. The conference was convened with partner nations to plan the International Stabilization Force (ISF) for Gaza, and two US officials added that international troops could be deployed in the enclave as early as next month, following the UN Security Council’s November vote authorising the force. Rubio did not say who would be tasked with disarming Hamas, acknowledging that potential troop-contributing countries want clarity on the ISF’s mandate and funding. "I think we owe them a few more answers before we can ask anybody to firmly commit, but I feel very confident that we have a number of nation states acceptable to all sides in this who are willing to step forward and be a part of that stabilization force," Rubio said, noting that Pakistan was among the countries who had expressed interest. Rubio also highlighted the possibility of a donor conference to raise reconstruction funds.

Syria: Washington launches major strikes against ISIS outfits in collaboration with the Syrian government
On 20 December, US officials stated that the US military launched large-scale strikes against several Islamic State targets in Syria in retaliation for an attack on American personnel. Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth said the strikes targeted "ISIS fighters, infrastructure, and weapons sites" and that the operation was "OPERATION HAWKEYE STRIKE." "This is not the beginning of a war — it is a declaration of vengeance," he stated, underscoring that the operations will continue. The US  Central Command revealed that the strikes hit more than 70 targets across central Syria with the support of  Jordanian fighter jets. The strikes were part of a series of air and ground strikes  that a US coalition  had been carrying out targeting Islamic State suspects in recent months, often with the involvement of Syria's security forces. Trump had vowed to “very serious retaliation” after a suspected ISIS attack killed US personnel in Syria, emphasising that the Syrian government fully supported the strikes. "We hit the ISIS thugs in Syria. … It was very successful," Trump said at a rally. Syria reiterated its commitment to fighting Islamic State and ensuring that it has "no safe havens on Syrian territory," in a statement by the foreign ministry.

Lebanon: Disarmament of Hezbollah south of the Litani River near completion, says PM Salam
On 20 December, Prime Minister Nawaf Salam stated that Lebanon is close to completing the disarmament of Hezbollah south of the Litani River in pursuit of fulfilling the ceasefire obligations with Israel from November 2024.  "Prime Minister Salam affirmed that the first phase of the weapons consolidation plan related to the area south of the Litani River is only days away from completion," a statement from his office said. "The state is ready to move on to the second phase - namely (confiscating weapons) north of the Litani River - based on the plan prepared by the Lebanese army pursuant to a mandate from the government," Salam added. The statement follows PM Salam’ talks with Simon Karam, Lebanon's top civilian negotiator on a committee overseeing the Hezbollah-Israel truce. Hezbollah continued to resist the efforts towards disarmament, stating that it would be a mistake while Israel continues its air strikes on the country. Israel has urged Lebanese authorities to fulfil the conditions of the truce, saying it will act "as necessary" if Lebanon fails to take steps against Hezbollah. 

Rwanda and the DRC: UNSC condemns Kigali's support for M23 offensive in Uvira
On 20 December, the UN Security Council condemned an offensive by M23 in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, demanded Rwanda stop supporting the rebels and withdraw its troops, and renewed the mandate for UN peacekeepers. In a unanimously adopted resolution, the 15-member council also demanded that Congolese forces cease support for groups such as the FDLR and that the DRC fulfil its commitment to “neutralise the group.” Rwanda, stated that its forces are deployed in eastern Congo for defensive purposes, and has denied backing M23, instead blaming Congolese and Burundian troops for the latest escalation in violence.

Pakistan: World Bank approves USD 700 million grant
On 20 December, the World Bank approved USD 700 million for Pakistan under a multi-year initiative aimed at supporting the country's macroeconomic stability and service delivery. The approval follows a USD 47.9  million grant in August to improve primary education in Pakistan's most populous Punjab province. The funds will be released under the bank's Public Resources for Inclusive Development - Multiphase Programmatic Approach (PRID-MPA), which could provide up to USD 1.35 billion in total financing. USD 600 million from the fund would be allocated for federal programs and USD 100 million will support a provincial program in southern Sindh.

19 December 2025, Friday
The World Today #201
Bangladesh: Protests spread over the killing of a resistance leader
On 19 December, the body of Inqilab Mancha leader Sharif Osman Hadi, a key figure at the July uprising that led to the ousting of former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, arrived in Dhaka. Hadi was shot by three unidentified assailants on 12 December and was airlifted to Singapore for advanced treatment, where he succumbed to death on 18 December. Interim leader Mohammed Yunus stated that “No leniency will be shown” to the perpetrators, and had announced a day of mourning, directing that the national flag be flown at half-mast. The Inquilab Mancha had emerged as an influential political group since its role in the ouster of the former prime minister, and the campaign to disband the Awami League. Hadi had also accused the Awami League of orchestrating secret killings of the students involved in the July uprising. The group also led a campaign to arrest “all terrorists” of the Awami League and ensure security of the “July warriors,” reported The Hindu. The attack took place a day after Bangladesh’s Election Commission announced that the 13th parliamentary election would be held on 12 February 2026. Hadi’s death had led to student protests across the country, with the Inqilab Mancha demanding that "If the killer flees to India, they must be arrested and brought back at any cost through discussions with the Indian government.”

The War in Gaza: US special envoy to the Middle East to host ceasefire talks with officials from Qatar, Turkiye, and Egypt
On 19 December, Al Jazeera reported that United States special envoy to the Middle East Steve Witkoff will meet officials from Qatar, Egypt, and Turkiye in Miami, Florida, ahead of the next phase of the Gaza ceasefire. Axios reported that the officials include Qatar’s Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammad bin Abdulrahman bin Jassim Al Thani, Turkey’s Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan, and Egypt’s Foreign Minister Badr Abdelatty. An Israeli official also announced that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu is holding a restricted security consultation to probe into the second phase of the ceasefire and the likely trajectories. The official also added that if US President Donald Trump disengages from the ceasefire process in Gaza, then Israel would launch a military campaign to disarm Hamas, while adding that President Trump is unlikely to withdraw. Despite the ceasefire, Israel has consistently violated the truce and blocked the flow of aid to the besieged Palestinian territory.

The War in Ukraine: EU approves EUR 90 billion loan for Kyiv without using frozen Russian assets; Putin says "the issue is closed” on territorial negotiations 
On 19 December, European Union leaders agreed to provide EUR 90 billion in loans to Ukraine over the next two years to stabilise its economy and support its war effort. The decision came after EU members failed to reach consensus on using EUR 210 billion in frozen Russian assets, most of which are held by Belgium-based financial services firm Euroclear. Belgium and a few other states raised legal and security concerns, fearing possible Russian retaliation. The loan will be raised from capital markets and backed by unused EU budget capacity. European Council President Antonio Costa said Ukraine would repay the loan only once Russia pays reparations for the war. Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky welcomed the move, calling it crucial for Ukraine’s resilience. Hungary and Slovakia opposed the deal, while the Czech Republic declined to guarantee the loan. As the decision was announced, Russia's President Vladimir Putin, speaking during an annual Q&A, reiterated that Russia would not negotiate over territories it controls, calling the issue “closed.” He also praised US President Donald Trump’s efforts to end the war, describing them as “serious,” while warning that using frozen Russian assets would amount to “theft” and violate international law.

Saudi Arabia: Riyadh to host 15th World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference in 2028 
On 17 December, the World Trade Organization reported that Saudi Arabia will host the 15th World Trade Organization (WTO) Ministerial Conference in 2028. This coincides with the 20th anniversary of Saudi Arabia's accession to the WTO. Saudi Arabia's Commerce Minister, who pioneered this idea said, "Hosting MC15 represents a strategic opportunity to demonstrate our deep commitment to the principles and objectives of the WTO and the Multilateral Trading System."

18 December 2025, Thursday
The World Today #200
Taiwan: The US approves USD 11.1 billion arms sale, including HIMARS rocket systems, howitzers, Javelin anti-tank missiles
On 18 December, the US approved USD 11.1 billion in arms sales to Taiwan, second under US President Trump. The arms sale includes HIMARS rocket systems, howitzers, Javelin anti-tank missiles, and Altius loitering munition drones. The Taiwan defence ministry said, "The United States continues to assist Taiwan in maintaining sufficient self‑defence capabilities and in rapidly building strong deterrent power and leveraging asymmetric warfare advantages, which form the foundation for maintaining regional peace and stability." Stating that the sale will help Taiwan modernise its armed forces and maintain a "credible defense capability," Pentagon added that arms sales serve US national, economic and security interests. Thanking US for the sale, Taiwan presidential office spokesperson said, "Our country will continue to promote defence reforms, strengthen whole‑of‑society defence resilience, demonstrate our determination to defend ourselves, and safeguard peace through strength." Demanding end to such deals that "severely undermines peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait," China's Ministry spokesperson said, "By aiding 'Taiwan independence' with weapons, the US side will only bring fire upon itself; using Taiwan to contain China is absolutely doomed to fail."

The War in Ukraine: Zelensky urges the EU to release frozen Russian assets to fund Kyiv as Brussels holds talks
On 18 December, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky urged European Union leaders to approve the use of frozen Russian assets during the meeting in Brussels. This was to support Ukraine’s military and economic needs. Around EUR 210 billion of Russian funds remain immobilised in the EU, mostly held by Belgium-based Euroclear. President Zelensky warned that without fresh financial support, Ukraine could face severe funding shortfalls within months. The European Commission has proposed loaning about EUR 90 billion from the frozen assets over the next two years, but divisions persist within the bloc. Belgium and a few other member states remain cautious, citing legal and financial risks, while some EU officials expressed guarded optimism about reaching a compromise. Meanwhile, Russia has warned against using its assets and has initiated legal action to reclaim the funds.

Venezuela: China calls the United States’ order to blockade sanctioned tankers entering and leaving Venezuela as "unilateral bullying"
On 18 December, Reuters reported that China opposed what it called “unilateral bullying” after the United States ordered a blockade of sanctioned oil tankers entering and leaving Venezuela, a move that has sharply escalated tensions around the oil-rich South American country. Early this week, President Trump ordered a full blockade of all sanctioned tankers attempting to depart from or arrive in Venezuelan waters, alongside a significant deployment of US troops and warships in the region. China, Venezuela’s largest crude buyer, imports roughly four per cent of its oil from the country. On 17 December, during a phone call with Venezuela’s Foreign Minister, his Chinese counterpart reiterated Beijing’s opposition to “unilateral bullying” and expressed support for countries defending their sovereignty and national dignity. However, China’s Foreign Minister did not specify how China might assist Venezuela. Despite previously describing the relationship with Caracas as an “ironclad friendship,” Beijing has remained cautious, reflecting its parallel effort to stabilise relations with Washington. Further, Venezuela has requested an urgent UN Security Council meeting on what it calls “ongoing U.S. aggression,” a move China has said it supports.

The War in Gaza: UNICEF warns that “horrendous” weather conditions would worsen the humanitarian crisis in the enclave
On 18 December, UNICEF spokesman Jonathan Crickx stated that intensifying rains have compounded the dire living conditions of the displaced Palestinians in the Gaza Strip. He stated that the overnight rains had been “horrendous,” with up to 15cm (6in) of water on the ground, and that “With temperatures about 7C, 8C (45-46F) at night, we are extremely concerned about children getting sick or even worse, dying from hypothermia.” Gaza’s health ministry has reported the death of an infant from hypothermia, and at least 11 other people have died in building collapses under heavy rains. The UN estimated that nearly 55,000 families have so far been affected by the rains, and over 40 designated emergency shelters have been severely flooded. The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) warned that the severe weather conditions were “deeply concerning,” and stressed the need for “increased and sustained humanitarian assistance to respond to urgent and long-term needs, including food, shelter, and equipment for the repair of critical infrastructure.”  “We are working relentlessly to bring in that aid and to distribute it, but the scale of the needs is so immense that we still have thousands of people and children who are really suffering every night,”  Crickx warned. Israel’s agencies denied the accusations of deliberate aid restrictions as “inconsistent with facts on the ground, and the ongoing co-ordination taking place daily.”

13 December 2025, Saturday
The World Today #195
Thailand and Cambodia: Phnom Penh shuts border with Thailand as deadly clashes escalate
On 13 December, border clashes between Thailand and Cambodia intensified, despite US President Donald Trump's announcement of an "immediate ceasefire." The violence has claimed at least 21 lives and forced 700,000 civilians to flee across six provinces in each country. Hostilities flared again last Sunday, when two Thai soldiers were injured in a skirmish. In response, Thailand launched F-16 air strikes deep into Cambodian territory. Cambodia retaliated with rocket barrages, while Thailand accused Phnom Penh of planting landmines, an allegation also made during an October truce brokered by President Trump and Malaysian Prime Minister Anwar Ibrahim. Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul demanded that Cambodia demonstrate withdrawals and mine clearance before any de-escalation, vowing to continue operations "until no more threats remain." President Trump, who mediated via phone, posted: "Both countries are ready for peace." Nevertheless, shelling continued into Saturday, highlighting the fragility of diplomatic efforts amid ongoing accusations from both sides.

DRC and the US: Washington accuses Kigali of steering the region “towards increased instability and war,” by backing M23’s takeover of Uvira
On 13 December, the US ambassador to the UN, Mike Waltz, accused Rwanda of violating the US-brokered peace agreement and backing an M23 offensive to take over the city of Uvira in eastern Congo’s South Kivu province. The take-over comes merely a week after Trump hailed the deal between DR Congo's President Félix Tshisekedi and Rwanda's President Paul Kagame as “historic” and “a great day for Africa, great day for the world.” Although the agreement did not include the rebel group, it obliges Rwanda to halt support for armed groups such as M23 and work to end hostilities. M23 stated that it seized Uvira on 09 December following a rapid offensive launched earlier, with regional officials reporting more than 400 deaths and the displacement of about 200,000 people. Uvira was the government’s last major stronghold in South Kivu after the provincial capital, Bukavu, fell in February. Its capture enables the rebels to consolidate a broad corridor of control across eastern Congo.  Addressing the UN Security Council on 12 December, Waltz stated that the US was “profoundly concerned and incredibly disappointed with the renewed outbreak of violence” by M23. He accused Rwanda of providing “logistics and training support to M23” and fighting alongside the rebels in eastern Congo, with “roughly 5,000 to 7,000 troops as of early December.”  Waltz emphasized that Kigali was “leading the region towards increased instability and war,” and warned that Washington “will use the tools at our disposal to hold to account spoilers to peace.” Congo’s foreign minister, Thérèse Kayikwamba Wagner, also accused Rwanda of trampling on the peace agreement, which she described as bringing “hope of a historic turning point.” She urged the security council to impose sanctions against military and political leaders responsible for the attacks, ban mineral exports from Rwanda and prohibit it from contributing troops to UN peacekeeping missions. He urged Rwanda to respect Congo’s right to defend its territory and invite friendly forces from neighbouring Burundi to fight alongside Congolese forces, and also highlighted that the US was engaging with all sides “to urge restraint and to avoid further escalation.”

The War in Ukraine: US envoy Witkoff to meet President Zelensky in Berlin for fresh peace talks 
On 13 December, media reported that the US President Donald Trump’s special envoy, Steve Witkoff, is set to travel to Germany this weekend to hold high-level talks with Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky and European leaders as part of renewed efforts to end the Ukraine war. The meeting in Berlin will focus on the latest version of a US-backed peace proposal, as Washington pushes to finalise a deal by Christmas. According to reports, the talks may involve leaders from the UK, France, and Germany, though it has not been officially confirmed. While Ukraine and its European partners have described recent negotiations as constructive, tensions remain. President Trump has criticised European leaders and urged Ukraine to consider elections, suspended since the declaration of martial law in 2022.

12 December 2025, Friday
The World Today #194
The War in Ukraine: Kyiv says it has retaken parts of the northeastern town of Kupiansk; the US offers “free economic zone” in the east if Ukraine cedes Donbas, says Zelenskyy
On 12 December, Ukrainian forces stated that they had retaken parts of the northeastern town of Kupiansk and encircled Russian troops, in the backdrop of President Zelenskyy’s visit to the area. Zelenskyy stated that the operation strengthened Ukraine’s diplomatic position. Moscow, however, maintains that it is advancing on all fronts and claims to have fully seized Kupiansk and the strategic city of Pokrovsk. Kyiv denies this assertions saying fighting remains ongoing. Ukraine’s Khartiia Corps reported liberating several northern districts of Kupiansk, cutting Russian supply routes and encircling Russian soldiers. Meanwhile, Russia said on 11 December that it had captured Siversk, a claim Ukraine rejects. On the diplomatic front, Ukraine has presented Washington with a revised 20-point framework to end the war. Zelenskyy said the major sticking point remains Moscow’s demand for territorial concessions. He noted that US is offering a compromise proposal that includes creating a “free economic zone’’ in Ukraine-controlled parts of Donbas. Discussions also include potential Russian withdrawals from limited areas in Kharkiv, Sumy, and Dnipropetrovsk, and freezing contact lines in Zaporizhzhia and Kherson.

France and India: Revamps 1992 tax treaty, says Reuters
On 12 December, Reuters reported that India and France have decided to revamp the 1992 tax treaty.  According to the treaty, dividends will be taxed to French parents of Indian units. India will revoke France's "most favoured nation" status, which grants it tax advantages. Additionally, India will be able to expand its power to tax share sales by French investors. According to the latest literature, "the new treaty will provide for full source-based taxation rights in respect of capital gains on equity shares (in India)," and "The proposed amending protocol will boost flow of investment, technology and personnel between India and France, and will provide tax certainty."

The US and Venezuela: Washington plans further ship interceptions following the recent seizure; Cuba could face major fuel shortages 
On 11 December, Reuters reported that the United States is preparing to intercept additional ships transporting Venezuelan oil following the recent seizure of a tanker, as Washington intensifies pressure on President Nicolás Maduro. The tanker seizure, the first interdiction of Venezuelan oil since sanctions were imposed in 2019, occurred in the backdrop of a major US military buildup in the southern Caribbean. According to Reuters, further US interventions targeting vessels carrying Venezuelan crude, including those that may have also transported sanctioned Iranian oil, are expected in the coming weeks. On the other hand, news reports highlight that these actions could sharply worsen an already severe crisis in Cuba. The island relies heavily on Venezuelan crude and refined products, delivered through small vessels and a shadow fleet of sanctioned tankers to meet domestic energy needs. This supply chain could be severely impacted if the recent seizure becomes a pattern, especially as Washington on 11 December imposed new sanctions on six Venezuela-linked vessels. Between January and November, Venezuela reportedly supplied about 27,000 barrels per day to Cuba, covering nearly half of the island’s oil deficit. Further disruptions, along with reduced Mexican supply, would leave Cuba in a difficult position. Reports also show that the increased US pressure has lead to vessel owners and operators to reconsider planned sailings from Venezuela.

The War in Gaza: Heavy rains threaten severe flooding in the enclave; Amnesty International report finds Hamas guilty of "crimes against humanity"
On 12 December, the UN’s International Organization for Migration (IOM) reported that the shelters of hundreds of thousands of displaced Gazans are under the threat of flooding by heavy rains, as essential materials for shelter reinforcement and sandbags continue to be blocked from entering the enclave. According to the agency, twelve people have been reported dead or missing due to the storm, at least 13 buildings have collapsed, and around 27,000 tents have been flooded. Nearly 795,000 displaced residents remain at acute risk of flooding in low-lying, debris-strewn zones. The IOM also warned that poor drainage and inadequate waste management exacerbate the risk of disease outbreaks. Materials essential for fortifying shelters and easing flooding have been delayed due to access restrictions. Israel stated that it is fulfilling its obligations and accused aid agencies of inefficiency and failing to curb theft by Hamas, an allegation the group denied. The IOM also noted that supplies that have reached Gaza, such as waterproof tents, thermal blankets, and tarpaulins, proved insufficient against the heavy flooding. “After this storm made landfall yesterday, families are trying to protect their children with whatever they have,” said IOM Director General Amy Pope. 

On 11 December, an Amnesty International report stated that Hamas had committed crimes against humanity during it attack on Israel on 07 October 2023. The report is based on accounts of survivors and victims' families, forensic and digital evidence,  analysis of patterns of the attack, communications between fighters during the assault and statements by Hamas and the leaders of other armed groups. Its investigation found that the crimes against humanity included murder, extermination, imprisonment, torture, rape and other forms of sexual abuse and inhumane acts.
"These crimes were committed as part of a widespread and systematic attack against a civilian population. The report found that fighters were instructed to carry out attacks targeting civilians,"  a statement highlighted. Hamas denied the accusations and urged Amnesty International to retract the report. Israel's Foreign Ministry said the report did not cover the full extent of what it called "Hamas' horrific atrocities."

Turkmenistan: President signals possible political reforms as his counterparts of Russia, Turkey, and Iran arrive for a rare international meeting
On 12 December, Turkmenistan’s President Serdar Berdymukhamedov hosted his counterparts from Russia, Turkey, and Iran. Ahead of this meeting, he hinted at possible political reforms as he commented in the state newspaper in honour of the 30th anniversary of the former Soviet nation’s declaration of neutrality. He said, "We are carrying out extensive work aimed at transforming our neutral country into a powerful, democratic, and rule-of-law state where citizens live happy lives." Since taking office in 2022 after his father, he has introduced limited changes. This includes the relaxation of social media restrictions, the rollout of electronic visas, the planning of new international flight routes, and the adoption of a legal framework for cryptocurrency. Officials have also voiced interest in WTO membership and reducing reliance on gas sales, almost all of which currently go to China.

Today in History
12 December 1963: Kenya gains independence and ends British colonial rule
On 12 December 1963, Kenya became independent from Britain. From 1952 to 1960, the Mau Mau rebellion, mainly Kikuyu fighters, attacked white settlers and fought British forces to demand land and freedom. Britain responded harshly and killed tens of thousands, detained over 100,000 Africans, and imprisoned future leader Jomo Kenyatta. The rebellion was crushed militarily, but it cost Britain too much money and international respect to keep ruling Kenya the old way. By 1961-1963, Britain held talks in London, agreed to hand over power, and allowed elections in which African parties won. Kenyatta was freed and became the prime minister. The British flag was lowered for the last time, and Kenya was finally free. A year later, it became a republic with Kenyatta as president. Independence ended colonial rule and gave Kenyans control of their country, but many problems, especially unequal land ownership and ethnic rivalries, remained and shaped Kenya’s future for decades.

10-11 December 2025, Thursday
The World Today #192-193
The War in Ukraine: NATO Chief warns 'We Are Russia’s Next Target' on Berlin Visit; Kyiv strikes Russian Caspian oil rig for the first time
On 11 December, US President Donald Trump engaged in a discussion with top European officials, including Germany's Friedrich Merz, France's Emmanuel Macron, and Britain's Keir Starmer, urging a pragmatic approach to peace amid minor disagreements. Trump stressed the need for rapid negotiations, declaring, “We don’t want to be wasting time.” At the same time, allies from a 30-nation support group resist his perceived tilt toward Moscow's interests, pushing for robust security pacts and reconstruction aid for Ukraine. A follow-up virtual session with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy is slated for later this week, alongside potential in-person talks. In a strike, Ukrainian forces targeted a key Russian energy platform in the Caspian Sea for the first time, using drones to disrupt operations at a major Lukoil site, crippling output of over 100,000 barrels daily and aiming to erode Moscow's funding for the war. NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte issued stark warnings that Vladimir Putin's expansionist moves could soon endanger Western borders directly, crediting Trump's pressure for jumpstarting dialogues yet demanding enhanced fortifications and solidarity to counter stealthy attacks on vital networks. Moscow proposed vague safeguard proposals to the US, which European partners dismissed as hollow posturing amid ongoing hostilities.

Bulgaria: Government resigns over protests against endemic graft and hike in social security contributions
On 11 December, Bulgaria's Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov handed in his government's resignation following weeks of street protests over its economic policies and perceived failure to tackle corruption. The resignation came amidst deliberations over Bulgaria joining the euro zone on 01 January. Zhelyazkov conveyed the resignation through a televised statement as the parliament was set to vote on a no-confidence motion. "Our coalition met, we discussed the current situation, the challenges we face and the decisions we must responsibly make," Zhelyazkov said, adding that "Our desire is to be at the level that society expects." President Rumen Radev had also called on the government earlier this week to resign, stating that "Between the voice of the people and the fear of the mafia. Listen to the public squares!" On 10 December, protesters had taken over the capital of city of Sofia in a series of demonstrations expressing discontent over endemic graft and the government's failure to curb it. The protests had also forced the government to withdraw the 2026 budget plan, the first drafted in euros. Opposition parties and other organisations stated that the protests were against plans to hike social security contributions and taxes on dividends to finance higher state spending.

The US and South Sudan: Washington signals possible cuts if Juba does not halt the “exorbitant fees” on humanitarian shipments
On 11 December, the US threatened to reduce foreign aid until South Sudan lifts fees on humanitarian shipments. The statement by the US Bureau of African Affairs said that it was “Time to Stop Taking Advantage of the United States” and that the “exorbitant fees” on humanitarian shipments obstruct UN peacekeeping operations. South Sudan has not responded to the statement yet. The US is the largest humanitarian donor to South Sudan and called the transitional government to halt the fees immediately, as it denotes “egregious violations of South Sudan's international obligations." The statement also stated that the US will initiate a “comprehensive review” of this matter if South Sudan fails to take immediate action, and also mentioned “the likelihood of making significant reductions.”

The US and Venezuela: The US seizes a sanctioned oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela
On 10 December, President Trump stated that the US had seized a sanctioned oil tanker off the coast of Venezuela, leading to a rise in global oil prices and sharply escalating  tensions between Washington and Caracas. “We’ve just seized a tanker on the coast of Venezuela… and other things are happening,” stated Trump. When asked about the crude onboard, he said: “We keep it, I guess.” The move comes in the backdrop of sustained US pressure on President Nicolás Maduro to step down. In response, Venezuela accused Washington of “blatant theft” and described the seizure as “an act of international piracy,” saying it would raise the matter before international bodies. This marks the first seizure of a Venezuelan oil cargo under US sanctions since 2019 and the first tanker-related action since President Trump ordered a major military buildup in the region. The US has already conducted multiple strikes on suspected drug-smuggling vessels, prompting concern among lawmakers and legal experts. A US Attorney stated that the FBI, Homeland Security, the Coast Guard and the military executed the seizure warrant for a tanker carrying sanctioned Venezuelan and Iranian oil. Iran’s embassy in Caracas condemned the action as a “grave violation of international laws and norms.” Maritime security firm Vanguard identified the vessel as the VLCC Skipper, previously sanctioned for involvement in Iranian oil trading.

Today in History
11 December 1941: Germany and Italy declare war on the US
On 11 December 1941, four days after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbour, Adolf Hitler appeared before the Reichstag in Berlin to announce that Germany and Italy were formally declaring war on the United States. Hitler accused President Franklin D. Roosevelt of provoking war and claimed the US had long been waging an undeclared naval war against Germany in the Atlantic. Benito Mussolini also addressed a crowd from Rome’s Palazzo Venezia to declare war on America. Hours later, the United States Congress responded with its own unanimous declaration of war against Germany and Italy, which marked America’s full entry into the Second World War on both fronts. The decision, widely seen by historians as one of Hitler’s greatest strategic blunders, brought the industrial and military capability of the United States decisively against the Axis powers and sealed the course of the global conflict.

11 December 1997: Adoption of Kyoto Protocol at COP3
On 11 December 1997, the Kyoto Protocol was formally adopted at the third Conference of the Parties (COP3) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in Kyoto, Japan. After two weeks of intense negotiations, representatives from over 150 countries agreed to the world’s first international treaty with legally binding targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Developed nations committed to cut their collective emissions by an average of 5.2 per cent below 1990 levels during the period 2008-2012. The landmark features include differentiated responsibilities with stronger obligations for industrialised countries, flexible mechanisms such as emissions trading and the Clean Development Mechanism, and the inclusion of six major greenhouse gases. UNFCCC Executive Secretary Michael Zammit Cutajar hailed the agreement as “a historic step forward,” while delegates applauded for several minutes in the plenary hall. The Protocol later entered into force on 16 February 2005 after Russia’s ratification met the required threshold. Later supplemented by the Paris Agreement, the Kyoto Protocol remains a cornerstone of global climate action and showed that binding international commitments to fight climate change are possible.

09 December 2025, Tuesday
The World Today #191
Democratic Republic of Congo: Fresh rebel advance displaces 200,000 despite the peace deal, says the UN
On 08 December, the United Nations released a statement saying that the conflict triggered the displacement of two hundred thousand civilians days after the peace pact hosted by US President Trump. The UN reported that at least 74 people have been killed and dozens more admitted to the hospital. This occurred as Rwanda-backed M23 rebels pushed rapidly towards the strategic lakeside town of Uvira. Local officials said the group had seized Luvungi and was fighting near Sange and Kiliba, which caused mass evacuations. The escalation came only days after President Trump declared “we are succeeding where so many others have failed” while hosting the Congolese and Rwandan leaders for a US and Qatari-brokered agreement to end the decades-long conflict. 

Lithuania: Declares state of emergency due to the disruption in airspace caused by smuggler balloons from Belarus
On 09 December, Reuters reported that Lithuania declared a state of emergency due to disruptions caused by weather balloons, which it says smugglers from Belarus use to transport cigarettes. Because of Belarus's close ally with Russia, the country adds that the act constitutes a "hybrid attack." The parliament is now asked to authorise military support for police and border guards after these incidents repeatedly disrupted air traffic. On the other hand, Belarus denied the claims and accused Lithuania of provocations. The Belarusian President stated that Lithuania was exaggerating and politicising the issue.

US: Congress advances nearly USD One trillion 2026 Defence Bill
On 09 December, Reuters reported that the National Defence Authorisation Act (NDAA) is due this week. The US House of Representatives is expected to vote on a USD 1 trillion annual defence policy bill. This year's NDAA includes USD 400 billion for the Ukraine Security Assistance Initiative and USD 175 million for the Baltic Security Initiative. It ensures the US European Commander retains the title of NATO Supreme Commander. The legislation establishes a process requiring US companies to report investments in sensitive Chinese technologies and empowers the Treasury Department to block such deals. It incorporates the Biosecure Act, limiting federal funding to certain Chinese biotech firms. It also allows for the USD 1 billion Taiwan Security Cooperation Initiative. Furthermore, the NDAA backs Israel's missile defence programs and repeals both the Caesar sanctions against Syria and the 1991/2002 Iraq war authorisations. Domestically, it provides a 4 per cent pay raise for service members and strengthens childcare and housing programs.

Thailand and Cambodia: Border fight spreads as both sides fight on the second day
On 09 December, clashes between Thailand and Cambodia intensified for a second day along their 817-km disputed border. The fighting escalated from forested hills near Laos to the coastal province of Trat. Both countries blamed each other for the violence, which endangered a fragile US-brokered ceasefire from July under President Donald Trump. Thai forces fired tank shells at a Cambodian border casino used as a military hub and deployed fighter jets for airstrikes on key targets, while denying civilian strikes. Cambodia responded that its troops acted defensively and accused Bangkok of ruthless artillery barrages on residential zones. Thai Prime Minister Anutin Charnvirakul dismissed talks and affirmed full backing for the missions. Cambodian elder statesman Hun Sen justified overnight reprisals, claiming superior bunkers and arms to repel "invaders," after a 24-hour ceasefire for evacuations. Hundreds of thousands fled border regions amid the worst fighting since July, which killed 48 and displaced 300,000. Casualties mounted: nine Cambodian civilians dead and 20 wounded; three Thai soldiers killed and 29 hurt. Refugees in Thailand's Buriram huddled in tents. Foreign Minister Sihasak Phuangketkeow urged Cambodia to halt aggression before any dialogue.

The War in Gaza: “Shockingly high” child malnutrition despite October ceasefire, says UNICEF
On 09 December, UNICEF said that Gaza continues to face a severe humanitarian emergency and reported that thousands of children remain acutely malnourished despite the October ceasefire intended to expand aid access. The agency said 9,300 children were treated for severe acute malnutrition in October. While the number was over fourteen thousand in August, it is still five times higher than during the February to March truce. UNICEF spokesperson Tess Ingram called the figures “a shockingly high number” and added that aid flows had improved but remained inadequate due to delays, route closures and security risks. Commercial supplies are still limited, with meat costing around USD twenty per kilogram, leaving most families unable to afford nutrition. The UN previously warned that famine-level conditions affected nearly half a million people, with children suffering the gravest long-term consequences.

08 December 2025, Monday
The World Today #190
Thailand and Cambodia: Thailand launches airstrikes into Cambodia following clashes along their disputed border
On 08 December, Thailand stated that it had launched airstrikes into Cambodia after clashes erupted along their disputed border, with both sides accusing the other of violating a ceasefire brokered earlier by US President Trump. A Thai army spokesperson confirmed that one Thai soldier was killed and eight wounded. Thailand’s Air Force stated that Cambodia had mobilised heavy weaponry and repositioned combat units, saying: “These developments prompted the use of air power to deter and reduce Cambodia's military capabilities.” More than 385,000 civilians in four Thai border districts were ordered to evacuate, with over 35,000 moved to temporary shelters. Cambodia’s defence ministry accused Thailand of launching dawn attacks at two locations after days of provocative actions, but said Cambodian troops had not retaliated. Former leader Hun Sen called Thailand the “aggressors” and urged restraint. Three Cambodian civilians were reportedly injured. This escalation comes despite a ceasefire reached in October, following a five-day conflict in July that killed at least 48 people and displaced 300,000. For over a century, the two neighbours have contested sovereignty at undemarcated points along their 817-km border. Tensions have been intensifying since May after the killing of a Cambodian soldier. Thailand suspended the ceasefire last month after a landmine blast injured one of its soldiers, alleging new mines had been planted, charges that Cambodia denies.

US and Greenland: Envoy Howery visits Nuuk as Washington renews interest in the island 
On 08 December, Kenneth Howery, the US Ambassador to Denmark, arrived in Greenland to meet officials from Greenland and Denmark. This was his first visit to the Arctic island, during the annual Joint Committee meeting between the three parties. The visit comes amid tensions renewed by President Donald Trump’s revived interest in acquiring Greenland, a semi-autonomous Danish territory rich in resources and strategic for US security. Greenland’s Foreign Minister Vivian Motzfeldt stressed the importance of “trust and dialogue,” acknowledging that relations had been strained during the past year. Despite Washington emphasising Greenland’s strategic value, including its role in early-warning defence systems, both Greenland and Denmark continue to reject any attempts to cede control of the territory.

The War in Ukraine: Russian drone strike injures seven in Ukraine's Sumy; Zelenskiy, European leaders convene in London amid US peace push
On 08 December, local governor Oleh Hryhorov reported that a Russian drone strike hit an apartment block in Okhtyrka in the Sumy region, injuring at least seven residents. Emergency crews rescued people from the damaged multi-storey building, with two hospitalised and others treated on-site; no deaths were confirmed. The border region has endured near-daily shelling since Moscow's 2022 invasion, underscoring the conflict's toll on civilians despite mutual denials of targeting them. As a diplomatic counterpoint, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy convened with British, French, and German leaders in London to bolster European unity against US-led peace overtures. The talks focused on air defences, long-term funding, and negotiating stances amid Washington's proposed ceasefire, which endorsed key Russian demands that stalled in recent Miami discussions, with no breakthrough. Zelenskiy called the US exchanges "constructive but not easy," as Trump voiced frustration over unread proposals, highlighting fragile hopes for resolution in the fourth year of war.

Sudan: RSF takes control of key oilfield in the south
On 08 December, Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) stated that it had taken control of the strategic Heglig oilfield in the South Kordofan province. Heglig, located near Sudan’s southern border, hosts the main processing facility for South Sudanese oil, a critical source of revenue for South Sudan’s government. Government forces and staff at the Heglig oil field withdrew from the area on Sunday to avoid clashes that might have damaged the installations, reports Reuters. Oil from the field is transported through the Greater Nile pipeline to Port Sudan on the Red Sea, making Heglig essential to Sudan’s foreign-currency earnings and to South Sudan, which is landlocked and depends almost entirely on Sudanese pipelines to export its crude.

Democratic Republic of Congo: The worst cholera outbreak in 25 years amid conflict and lack of basic amenities, says UNICEF
On 08 December, UNICEF announced that the DR Congo is facing the worst cholera outbreak in 25 years and has killed almost 2000 people since January this year. UNICEF spokesperson John Agbor said, “Congolese children should not be so gravely affected by what is a wholly preventable disease.” The agency added that conflict and a lack of access to clean water have worsened the crisis, affecting 26 provinces in DR Congo.  According to the statement, only 43 per cent of people have access to basic water services, the lowest in Africa. As the crisis looms, the government's USD 192 million cholera elimination plan remains underfunded. UNICEF is appealing for about USD 6 million to sustain the response work in 2026.

TODAY IN HISTORY
08 December 1941: The US declares war on Japan
On 08 December 1941, after the Empire of Japan's surprise attack on Pearl Harbour, the United States Congress formally declared war on Japan. The then-President Franklin D Roosevelt's famous 'Day of Infamy' speech, condemning the attack, called for national support. This day marked America's entry into World War II and the beginning of the intense Pacific campaign, which ended with the defeat of the Axis powers in 1945.

08 December 1991: The Belavezha Accords dissolve the Soviet Union establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States
On 08 December 1998, the presidents of three key Soviet republics, Boris Yeltsin of Russia, Leonid Kravchuk of Ukraine, and Stanislav Shushkevich Belarus signed the  Belavezha Accords, in the Belavezha Forest in Belarus, formally declaring that the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR, founded by the 1922 Union Treaty, had ceased to exist. In its place, they announced the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), an intergovernmental organization intended to coordinate cooperation on trade, security, and political dialogue among former Soviet republics. The accord highlighted that the dissolution was pursued due to the “economic, social and political crisis in the USSR,” including ethnic tensions, economic collapse, and demands for sovereignty from its constituent republics. The accords were reinforced by the Alma-Ata Protocol on 21 December 1991, which expanded CIS membership to 11 former Soviet republics, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Georgia joined later in 1993, while the Baltic states of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania opted out entirely, pursuing full independence and Western integration. Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991, marking the official end of the USSR. The accords were ratified by the parliaments of Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus shortly after, solidifying the dissolution. The Belavezha Accords triggered one of the most significant geopolitical transformations of the 20th century. The dissolution of the USSR led to the emergence of 15 independent states, the collapse of a bipolar global order, and the rise of the United States as the unchallenged superpower of the 1990s.

07 December 2025, Sunday
The World Today #189
Russia: The US security “largely consistent” with Moscow’s vision, says Dimitri Peskov
On 07 November, Russia’s spokesperson Dimitri Peskov stated that the new US security strategy is “largely consistent” with Moscow’s vision. "The adjustments we're seeing... are largely consistent with our vision," Peskov said in an interview published by Russia's state news agency TASS. He stated that Moscow considered it a “positive step,” and would continue to analyse the document before drawing strong conclusions, reported the BBC. The security strategy refrains from casting Russia as a threat to the US and hints that Europe is facing "civilisational erasure,” blaming the EU for blocking the US efforts towards ending the Russia-Ukraine war, emphasising that Washington must "re-establish strategic stability to Russia" which would "stabilise European economies.” Peskov added that the current U.S. administration was "fundamentally different from the previous ones." "President Trump is currently strong in terms of domestic political positions. And this gives him the opportunity to adjust the concept to suit his vision," he stated.

The War in Ukraine: US envoy says peace deal is “really close;" Key issues remain over Donbas and security guarantees 
On 07 December, US special envoy Keith Kellogg said a peace deal to end the war in Ukraine is “really close,” declaring that only two major issues remain unresolved. The issues stated were the future of the Donbas region and the status of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear power plant, currently under Russian occupation. Envoy Kellogg, speaking at the Reagan National Defence Forum, compared the negotiations to the “last 10 metres,” saying that once those two issues are settled, “the rest of the things will work out fairly well.” Moscow, however, continues to demand territorial concessions, especially over Donbas. Meanwhile, Ukraine's negotiators have prepared to revive diplomatic talks, reiterating that any agreement must respect Ukraine’s sovereignty and involve no forced concessions.

China and Japan: Tokyo says  that Chinese jets point radar on Japan's aircraft near Okinawa 
On 07 December, Japan reported that Chinese J-15 jets twice aimed the fire-control radar at Japan's military aircraft near Okinawa’s Miyako Strait. Tokyo called the acts “extremely dangerous” while China rejected the claims. Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi and Defense Minister Shinjiro Koizumi promised a firm but calm response. China stated that Japanese planes disrupted its announced carrier drills from the Liaoning and warned it would protect its rights. These are the most serious air incidents between the two nations in years. Tensions have spiked since Japan warned it may act if Chinese moves against Taiwan threaten Japanese security. Taiwan lies just 110 km from Japan’s Yonaguni island. Old disputes over the Senkaku/Diaoyu islands and China’s ban on Japanese seafood after the Fukushima water release add fuel. Similar radar incidents happened in 2013 and 2016.

Germany's FM visit to China: Key issues such as rare earth, electromobility and steel will be central to the discussion, says Foreign Minister Wadephul
On 07 December, Germany's Foreign Minister Johann Wadephul stated that his visit to Beijing will prioritise tackling critical issues such as rare earth, electromobility and steel as it concern Germany's economy and industry. Stressing that "direct, intensive exchange with China is necessary, indeed indispensable," he said, "It is clear that many questions are not easy to answer and that our perspectives sometimes differ greatly. But it is equally clear that freedom, security and prosperity in Germany and Europe are closely linked to China." He has also stated that efforts will be made to urge China to use its influence over Russia to bring peace to Ukraine.

Hong Kong’s legislative election: Voters head to the polls amid public anger over a recent fire incident; turnout remains the key focus of the election 
On 07 December, Hong Kong voters headed to the polls for the legislative council  wherein turnout is the central focus of the election. The vote comes as the city is still grieving from its deadliest fire in nearly 80 years, which killed at least 159 people. Public anger over the government’s handling of the disaster has increased pressure on authorities, who are working to prevent broader backlash during the election. The Legislative Council election features 161 candidates competing for 90 seats, but only those vetted as “patriots” by the China-backed Hong Kong government may run. The election is the second since 2021 when China made the above changes to Hong Kong's electoral system. Beijing has said the changes, which were adopted soon after the 2019 protests, were necessary to ensure stability. Critics argue the changes have sharply curtailed democracy. The 2021 polls saw a record-low turnout of 30 per cent, reflecting deep voter apathy. Pro-democracy voters, who traditionally made up over 60 per cent of the electorate have largely disengaged, and voter registration has fallen for the fourth consecutive year. This year, the government launched an extensive campaign, urging Hongkongers to head to the polls. Beijing’s national security office warned it would crack down on any “anti-China” protests and cautioned against using the fire to “disrupt Hong Kong.” Analysts note that higher turnout would be interpreted as public acceptance of the reshaped political system by the government, but following the recent disaster, mobilising pro-establishment voters remains a challenge.

TODAY IN HISTORY 
07 December 1941: Japan attacks Pearl Harbour, drawing the US into World War II 
‌On 07 December 1941, Japan launched a surprise military strike on the US naval base at Pearl Harbour, Hawaii. The strike aimed to cripple the US Pacific Fleet and secure dominance in Asia. The attack, which lasted less than two hours, destroyed battleships, aircraft and military facilities, killing more than 2,400 Americans. Japan attacked Pearl Harbour to neutralise US military power in the Pacific, as Tokyo sought to expand its influence across Southeast Asia and secure vital resources such as oil and rubber. Japanese leaders believed that a sudden, decisive blow would prevent the US from blocking their strategic expansion. ‌The strike marked a decisive turning point in world history. The next day, the United States declared war on Japan, formally entering World War II. The attack reshaped global geopolitics, leading to the Pacific War, the eventual defeat of Axis powers, and the emergence of the US as a leading military power in the post-war world.

06 December 2025, Saturday
The World Today #188
The US: Trump releases the US National Security Strategy; places the Western Hemisphere at the core; reduces emphasis on countering China and Russia, and takes a firm stance on Europe 
On 05 December, the newly released National Security Strategy, published by every new administration and guiding the work of various government agencies, outlined President Trump’s vision of “flexible realism.” The strategy places the Western Hemisphere at the core of US foreign policy priorities, describing the shift as a “‘Trump Corollary’ to the Monroe Doctrine.”

The 29-page document states that the United States will “restore American preeminence” in the region, strengthen its military posture in the Indo-Pacific, and potentially reassess relations with Europe. It seeks to redefine US global engagement through an “America First” framework, departing from the post–World War II alliance-based order, reported Reuters. The document notes: “President Trump's foreign policy is pragmatic without being 'pragmatist,' realistic without being 'realist,' principled without being 'idealistic,' muscular without being 'hawkish,' and restrained without being 'dovish.'” News reports highlight reduced emphasis on countering China and Russia, and a firm stance on Europe. According to the New York Times, the approach reflects a broader commitment to avoid military entanglements while prioritising economic interests.

Pakistan and Afghanistan: Border clashes kill five, less than a week after peace talks 
On 06 December, officials from Pakistan and Afghanistan said that border clashes between both countries that had erupted the previous day resulted in the death of at least five people. Afghan Taliban deputy spokesman Hamdullah Fitrat told Reuters that Pakistani shelling struck Kandahar province. Chief spokesman Zabihullah Mujahid accused Pakistan of launching unprovoked attacks. Islamabad rejected the allegations and added that Afghan forces opened fire first. "Pakistan remains fully alert and committed to defending its territorial integrity," Prime Minister's spokesman Mosharraf Zaidi said. The gunfire comes less than a week after Saudi Arabia-hosted peace talks ended without a breakthrough, despite both countries agreeing to uphold a ceasefire. This incident marks the worst violence since the October clashes that left dozens dead.

Honduras: Presidential candidate accuses the US President Donald Trump of election tampering 
On 06 November, Reuters reported that Salvador Nasralla, a three-time presidential candidate in Honduras, stated that last-minute interference from US President Donald Trump tampered with the election. Weeks before the election, President Trump wrote on social media, "I hope the people of Honduras vote for Freedom and Democracy, and elect Tito Asfura, President!" and called Nasralla a "borderline communist". The latest election result shows that with 87 per cent of the ballot count, Nasaralla trails Asfura by 39.38 per cent to Asfura's 40.27 per cent. Honduras's electoral authority has also reported that 17 per cent of ballots have inconsistencies and will be reviewed.

The War in Ukraine: Russia says it is "encouraged" by progress in talks with the US; IAEA warns of new damage to Chernobyl Nuclear Plant's protective shield 
On 06 December, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) warned that the protective steel shelter built over the reactors at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant in Ukraine was intended to contain radioactive material from the 1986 disaster. A drone strike has damaged it. The damage, assessed during an inspection last week, has reportedly compromised the shelter's "primary safety functions," including its ability to confine radiation. While no radiation leak has yet been detected, the IAEA stressed that full restoration is now essential to ensure long-term nuclear safety at the site. Meanwhile, the Kremlin announced that Russia is "encouraged" by recent talks with the United States over the war in Ukraine and signalled readiness to engage further. It is seen as a potential reopening of diplomatic channels after months of hostilities. The talks reportedly lasted five hours, during which Russia accepted some elements of a US-drafted peace proposal while continuing to insist on full control over Ukraine's Donbas region. Despite the optimistic tone from Moscow, Ukraine remains deeply sceptical about any deal that could compromise its sovereignty.

The War in Gaza: Peace negotiations are at a "critical moment," says Qatar's Prime Minister; Tel Aviv raises defence budget by 90 billion shekels 
On 06 December, Qatar's Prime Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman al-Thani stated that negotiations to reach the US-backed truce in Gaza are at a "critical moment." Speaking at a panel discussion at the Doha Forum conference in Qatar, al-Thani underscored that "We cannot consider it yet a ceasefire. A ceasefire cannot be completed unless there is a full withdrawal of the Israeli forces - (until) there is stability back in Gaza, people can go in and out - which is not the case today," he added that "What we have just done is a pause." Talks on implementing the second phase of President Trump's 20-point peace plan continue. On 05 December, an Israeli delegation held talks in Cairo with mediators on the return of the last hostage held in Gaza, which would complete an initial part of Trump's plan. Separately, Netanyahu announced that Israel's cabinet has approved the 2026 state budget, reserving 112 billion shekels (USD 35 billion) for defence, an increase from the 90 billion shekels budgeted in an earlier draft. "We will continue to act decisively to reinforce the IDF and to fully address the needs of the fighters and to reduce the burden on reservists - in order to ensure the security of the State of Israel on every front." Defence Minister Israel Katz's office quoted him as saying. Finance Minister Bezalel Smotrich stated that "We are allocating a huge budget to strengthen the army this year, but also one that allows us to return the State of Israel to a path of growth and relief for citizens."

DOCUMENT 
"National Security Strategy if the United States of America."
November 2025
https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/2025-National-Security-Strategy.pdf

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Editorial, "The China-Argentina direct flight means far more than just a new air route," Global Times, 6 December 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1349866.shtml

"U.S. Flips History by Casting Europe—Not Russia—as Villain in New Security Policy," The Wall Street Journal, 6 December 2025
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"Trump’s New National-Security Strategy Takes Aim at Europe," The Wall Street Journal, 6 December 2025
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EDITORIALS/OPINIONS 
Stephen R Nagy, "Why Takaichi must stand up to Beijing’s bullying," The Japan TImes, 4 December 2025
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"Is China changing tack and accepting North Korea as a nuclear-armed state?," SCMP, 6 December 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/military/article/3335406/china-shifting-its-policy-and-accepting-north-korea-nuclear-armed-state?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

Andre P Miller, "The End of the Israel Exception: A New Paradigm for American Policy," Foreign Affairs, 6 December 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/israel/end-israel-exception-andrew-miller

05 December 2025, Friday
The World Today #187
China and France: President Xi and President Macron visit Chengdu, and sign 12 cooperation agreements 
On 05 December, President Xi Jinping hosted Macron in Chengdu, a rare gesture of high-level diplomacy outside Beijing. The two leaders signed 12 cooperation agreements covering a range of issues, including population ageing, nuclear energy, and panda conservation. The visit included symbolic and cultural moments. During the trip, President Macron was seen jogging in a Chengdu park and later toured the historical Dujiangyan dam with President Xi. President Macron used the visit to call on China to help rebalance global trade and to encourage diplomatic progress on the war in Ukraine. President Xi reiterated China's commitment to multilateral cooperation and to expanding bilateral cooperation across traditional and emerging sectors, including aerospace, the green economy, and digital technology.

The US, Europe and NATO: Washington wants Europe to assume conventional defence responsibilities by 2027, reports Reuters 
On 05 December, Reuters reported that the United States has asked European NATO members to assume the majority of the alliance's conventional defence responsibilities by 2027, a timeline Pentagon officials outlined to European diplomats in Washington. Quoting multiple sources, according to the Reuters report, the above reflected Washington's view that Europe has not advanced sufficiently in strengthening defence capabilities since Russia's expanded invasion of Ukraine in 2022. US officials also indicated that failure to meet the 2027 target could lead to Washington's withdrawal from certain NATO defence coordination mechanisms. European officials, however, viewed the deadline as unrealistic. According to the news report, apart from political will and higher spending, Europe faces serious production bottlenecks, lengthy delivery timelines for key US-made systems, and structural limitations in replacing critical American defense capabilities. The US contribution includes "unique intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance" assets that "cannot simply be purchased" and have been central to Ukraine's defence, noted Reuters. There is also uncertainty over whether the 2027 benchmark reflects the Trump administration's formal position or the views of specific Pentagon officials. While European states have agreed to take greater responsibility for their own security and support higher defence spending, officials and analysts noted that even the EU's 2030 goal is highly ambitious. US Deputy Secretary of State Christopher Landau stated: "Successive US Administrations have been saying this… but our Administration means what it says."

The War in Ukraine: President Putin warns "Donbas must be yours or ours" as Kyiv readies for the next round of talks 
On 05 December, Russia's president Putin declared that Moscow intends to seize the entirety of Donbas, Ukraine's eastern industrial region, "by force of arms" unless Ukrainian troops withdraw. He made this statement ahead of a state visit to India, repeating a long-standing demand. Meanwhile, Ukraine confirmed that senior negotiators are preparing for new talks in the coming days amid mounting pressure from Russia. The renewed Russian ultimatum risks derailing any fragile progress. European countries and Western partners have expressed deep concern, noting that such demands heighten distrust and could undermine efforts to reach a negotiated settlement.

Rwanda and DRC: Violence continues a day after US President Trump hosting the two countries' Presidents 
On 05 December, fresh clashes erupted in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a day after US President Trump hosted Congolese President Felix Tshisekedi and Rwanda's President Paul Kagame to operationalise a Washington-brokered peace deal signed in June. Despite Trump expressing that "we're settling a war that's been going on for decades", violence intensified across South Kivu and North Kivu. The AFC/M23 rebels, who are not party to the agreement, accused government-backed forces of launching "widespread attacks." Congo's army alleged "blind" bombardment by Rwanda's Defence Force. Analysts noted that although US diplomacy briefly paused escalation, neither Congo nor Rwanda fulfilled key commitments. An AFC/M23 official said that they had recaptured Luberika and downed a Congolese drone. He added that "the war continues on the ground and has no connection with the signing of the agreement."

India and Russia: President Putin and Prime Minister Narendra Modi have pledged to broaden and diversify bilateral trade ties while deepening their enduring partnership 
On 05 December, Russian President Vladimir Putin and Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi vowed to deepen economic cooperation beyond energy and defence, despite Western pressure for India to sever ties with Moscow. As Russia's top buyer of arms and seaborne oil, India hosted Putin on his first visit since the 2022 Ukraine invasion, reinforcing ongoing collaboration. Meanwhile, the summit coincides with US tariff talks under President Trump, which penalise India's Russian fuel imports. In this context, Russia aims to boost Indian purchases to improve its trade balance. Modi praised the "enduring partnership of trust," unveiled a 2030 roadmap for balanced growth, and reiterated India's push for a peaceful resolution in Ukraine. Putin assured uninterrupted energy supplies despite sanctions and spotlighted the Kudankulam nuclear project. A joint statement affirmed resilience amid geopolitics. The summit also included a 21-gun salute, pacts on labour migration, a joint fertiliser plant, and expanded ties in agriculture, health, and maritime sectors. Defence deals shifted to co-production and local manufacturing for Indian self-reliance. President Putin criticised US double standards on energy, eyeing Trump dialogue, amid a minor 2025 downturn.

Israel and Lebanon: Ceasefire talks with Tel Aviv focus on ending Israeli hostilities on Lebanese territory; Beirut welcomes countries willing to deploy forces after UNIFIL's 2026 exit 
On 05 December, Lebanon's President Joseph Aoun clarified that ceasefire talks with Israel are primarily focused on stopping Israeli hostilities on Lebanese territory, after Netanyahu's office statement that Israel is seeking economic cooperation. On 03 December, Israel and Lebanon sent civilian envoys to the military committee that monitors their ceasefire, in an effort to broaden the scope of their negotiations.
"These negotiations are mainly aimed at stopping the hostile actions carried out by Israel on Lebanese territory, securing the return of the captives, scheduling the withdrawal from the occupied areas, and resolving the disputed points along the Blue Line," Aoun said in a statement. He also informed a visiting UN Security Council delegation that Lebanon is open to any country prepared to deploy forces in the south to back the army once the United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon (UNIFIL), the long-standing peacekeeping mission, departs at the end of 2026, noting that several states have already shown interest.

04 December 2025, Thursday
The World Today #186
France and China: President Macron meets President Xi and discusses geopolitics, trade and environment
On 04 December, French President Emmanuel Macron visited Beijing and met with Chinese President Xi. French President said, "The imbalances we see accumulating today are not sustainable, they carry the risk of triggering a financial crisis and threaten our ability to grow together." He urged President Xi to cooperate on geopolitics, trade and environment. In response, Xi said, "No matter how the external environment changes, our two countries should always demonstrate the independence and strategic vision of major powers." Furthermore, President Macron called for Beijing's support to end the war in Ukraine.

Iran and Lebanon: Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi invites Lebanon's Foreign Minister Youssef Raji to visit Tehran to discuss bilateral relations
On 04 December, Iran's foreign ministry stated that Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi had invited Lebanon's Foreign Minister Youssef Raji to visit Tehran to discuss bilateral relations. According to the statement: "Araqchi, inviting his Lebanese counterpart to discuss the development of bilateral relations and review regional and international developments, expressed confidence that the Lebanese people and government will successfully overcome existing threats and challenges."  This development came a day after a separate meeting on 03 December, in which Israel and Lebanon sent civilian envoys to the military committee overseeing their 2024 US-brokered ceasefire, suggesting a potential expansion of talks between the two countries. Lebanon's Prime Minister Nawaf Salam stated that the country was open to the committee directly verifying Israeli claims that the Iran-aligned Hezbollah group is re-arming and assessing the Lebanese army's efforts to dismantle Hezbollah infrastructure. Israel and Lebanon reached a US-brokered ceasefire in 2024 that ended over a year of fighting between Israel and Hezbollah. Since then, both sides have continued to accuse each other of violating the agreement.

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv insists on "real peace, not appeasement"; Talks continue amid ongoing uncertainty 
On 04 December, in a meeting of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), Ukraine's Foreign Minister Andrii Sybiha declared that Ukraine sought "real peace, not appeasement" with Russia, warning against repeating the mistakes of past diplomatic surrendering such as the 1938 Munich Agreement. Foreign Minister Sybiha thanked the United States for backing peace efforts and said Kyiv would pursue every opportunity to end the war under terms that respect its sovereignty. Meanwhile, diplomatic engagement continues: the US-proposed peace framework remains under review, and negotiators from Ukraine and allies are preparing next steps.

The UK and Russia: London imposes new sanctions on Moscow and the GRU over the "reckless" assassination attempt on a former Russian spy 
On 04 December, a UK public enquiry concluded that Russian President Vladimir Putin must have ordered the 2018 Novichok nerve agent attack on Russian double agent Sergei Skripal, in a "reckless" display of power that led to the death of an innocent woman. On 04 March 2018, former Russian military intelligence officer and British double agent Sergei Skripal and his daughter Yulia were poisoned in Salisbury, England, with the Russian-developed Novichok nerve agent A-234, a deadly chemical weapon. The highly persistent agent was smeared on the front-door handle of Skripal's home. Both victims collapsed on a public bench, were hospitalized in critical condition, and eventually recovered. The UK has responded with new sanctions against Russia, including the entire GRU military intelligence agency. The Russian ambassador was also summoned to provide an explanation for the inquiry's findings and to address what it described as Moscow's "ongoing campaign of hostile activity" against London. Russia has persistently denied the accusations as "anti-Russian propaganda," and has not responded to the latest developments.

Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda: US President Trump hosts foreign ministers of both countries to operationalise the peace deal signed in June
On 4 December, US President Donald Trump hosted the foreign ministers of Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo in Washington to stabilise eastern Congo. The meeting seeks to operationalise a US-brokered peace deal signed in June and to reinforce an economic integration compact agreed last month. Critics argue that Washington has so far only "put a pin in the conflict" without resolving its deeper political and ethnic drivers. Tensions remain acute as the Congolese army and the M23 rebel group traded accusations of violating the latest ceasefire. Congolese officials insist recent clashes are "proof that Rwanda doesn't want peace." Rwanda denies backing M23, while UN experts say Kigali maintains "command and control" over the rebels. Rwanda's Minister for Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation noted, "We hope that, after the signing, we will see improvement on the ground."

Iraq: Baghdad reverses decision after accidentally including Hezbollah and Houthis on asset seizure list
On 04 December, Iraq has decided to excise Lebanon's Hezbollah and Yemen's Houthis rebels from a financial sanctions roster following their erroneous addition to a government bulletin last month. The Justice Ministry's publication accidentally encompassed these Iran-supported factions among entities slated for takeover, sparking widespread confusion. Such an inclusion would have aligned with US aspirations to diminish Tehran's sway in the region, amplifying strains on the Islamic Republic.
In reality, the directive targeted solely assets tied to Islamic State and al Qaeda operatives, fulfilling a Malaysian appeal and adhering to UN Security Council Resolution 1373. Prime Minister Mohammed Shia al-Sudani has initiated a swift probe into the oversight, vowing to penalise culprits, while underscoring Baghdad's steadfast solidarity with Lebanese and Palestinian causes amid ongoing assaults. A legislator aligned with Iraq's Kataeb Hezbollah faction lambasted the administration for recklessness, deeming it a puppet regime undermining national autonomy. The Central Bank's interim deputy governor has directed the removal of the offending entries, with a revised gazette forthcoming. Neither Hezbollah nor the Houthis commented promptly.

ALSO READ
"Xi holds talks with Macron, calling for expanded cooperation in multiple areas," Global Times, 4 December 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1349754.shtml

"Emmanuel Macron warns of ‘disintegration’ risk to world order in Xi Jinping meeting," Financial Times, 4 December 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/06644ede-7690-479e-8bc9-fb469325ba78

"Steve Witkoff to meet Ukrainian officials after fruitless talks with Vladimir Putin," Financial Times, 4 December 2025

"Despite Starmer’s ‘China threat’ rhetoric, Britain seeks tighter ties with Beijing," SCMP, 4 December 2025
https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3335230/despite-starmers-china-threat-rhetoric-britain-seeks-tighter-ties-beijing?module=top_story&pgtype=homepage

EDITORIALS/OPINIONS
"Why the Taliban is coming in from the cold," The Financial Times, 4 December 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/ae886e91-c601-4019-a712-323fa94efbb4

Sergey Radchenko, "America’s Magical Thinking About Ukraine: A Bad Deal Is Worse Than No Deal," Foreign Affairs, 4 December 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/ukraine/americas-magical-thinking-about-ukraine

03 December 2025, Wednesday
The World Today #185
The War in Ukraine: President Putin accepts parts of the US peace proposal as Kyiv prepares for Brussels talks 
On 03 December, the Kremlin announced that President Vladimir Putin had accepted parts of the US proposals aimed at ending the war in Ukraine, while rejecting others, signalling that Moscow remains open to further negotiations. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov called the exchange a "normal working process," and said expert-level talks will continue before any high-level agreement. In response, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky announced that senior negotiator Rustem Umerov will travel to Brussels to brief European security advisers on the Moscow talks, and subsequently head to the United States for further discussions. Despite this development, Russia's refusal to compromise on core territorial demands, particularly control over occupied regions, remains a key obstacle for Kyiv and its Western partners.

Taiwan and the US: Taipei calls new law strengthening ties with Washington; China protests 
On 03 December, Reuters reported that a new US law requiring the State Department to review and update guidelines for official interactions with Taiwan every five years was signed by Donald Trump. It was a move welcomed by Taipei as an affirmation of US–Taiwan support and democratic values. Taiwan's government expressed gratitude, calling the measure a meaningful step towards closer engagement with Washington. The officials stated that the law may result in increased official contacts, even in the absence of official diplomatic relations. But Beijing reacted sharply. The law was denounced by the government of the People's Republic of China because it was considered to interfere with China's internal affairs, violate the principle of one China, and destabilise the region. The development has established a new point of conflict in the relationships among the US, China, and their neighbour, Taiwan, amplifying tension over its status and the broader strategic contest in East Asia.

Pakistan and Afghanistan: Fresh peace talks in Saudi Arabia amid a fragile ceasefire 
On 03 December, according to senior officials from both Afghanistan and Pakistan talking to Reuters, the military, intelligence, and foreign ministries of both nations held further discussions in Saudi Arabia to start a new phase of improving relations after the deadly border clashes that occurred in October. The delegations reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining the existing ceasefire, which has been in effect since prior negotiations facilitated by Qatar and Turkey ended without a comprehensive peace agreement. This Saudi-led mediation effort is the most recent attempt by the two countries to achieve more stable relations. In Pakistan, officials have stated that recent attacks, including a suicide bomber in Islamabad, have been carried out by militants based in Afghanistan, and that the Taliban has denied these allegations. The October border clashes were by far the most deadly fighting since the Taliban took control of the Afghan government in August 2021, with both sides suffering numerous fatalities. A ceasefire negotiated in Doha halted most hostilities. Still, another round of negotiations that occurred in Istanbul was derailed after Pakistan demanded a written commitment from the Taliban to stop providing support to anti-Pakistani militants, which Kabul claims it cannot provide.

The War in Gaza: Israel set to open the Rafah crossing in coordination with Egypt; Remains that Hamas returned found not to be those of Israeli captives, Israel confirms
On 03 December, the Coordinator of Government Activities in the Territories (COGAT), an Israeli military arm that oversees humanitarian matters, stated that the opening of the Rafah crossing will be coordinated with Egypt, under the supervision of the European Union mission. The opening of the Rafah crossing would allow thousands of Palestinians who need medical care to leave the enclave through Egypt. According to the UN, at least 16,500 patients in Gaza need medical care outside of the enclave. Before the war, the crossing was the sole exit point for most Gazans and was a key entry point for aid. Under Trump's 20-point plan, the Rafah crossing was meant to reopen both ways. However, since the October ceasefire, Israel has kept it closed, insisting Hamas must first comply with the deal to return all remaining hostages, alive or dead. Islamic Jihad, a Palestinian militant group allied with Hamas, has joined the search for the last remaining deceased Israeli hostages. The announcement came after forensic examinations revealed that the remains that Hamas handed over on 02 December did not belong to the previous two deceased captives, an Israeli police officer and a Thai agricultural worker.

US and Brazil: President Luiz expects further tariff cuts as he describes the call with President Trump as "extraordinary"
On 03 December, Brazil's President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva described his phone call with US President Donald Trump as "extraordinary" and said he expects further tariff cuts on Brazilian products. Following the conversation on 02 December, President Lula said, "We are close to hearing good news from the US" and added that they agreed to cooperate in combating organised crime. This comes after President Trump removed additional tariffs last month, which were initially imposed as a punitive measure against Brazil over the prosecution of former President Jair Bolsonaro.

ALSO READ 
"French President Emmanuel Macron arrives in Beijing for state visit," Global Times, 3 December 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1349654.shtml

"China's Xinjiang hosts regional forum to boost Central Asia links, trade," Global Times, 3 December 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1349627.shtml

"As America pushes peace, Russia's battlefield advances remain slow," Economist, 3 December 2025
https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2025/12/02/as-america-pushes-peace-russias-battlefield-advances-remain-slow

"European leaders welcome in Moscow for talks – Kremlin," RT, 3 December 2025
https://www.rt.com/russia/628873-european-leaders-welcome-moscow-talks/

"Russia and India to boost space cooperation – Roscosmos," RT, 3 December 2025
https://www.rt.com/india/628868-russia-and-india-to-boost/

"Marathon Russia-U.S. Meeting Yields No Ukraine Peace Deal," Wall Street Journal, 3 December 2025
https://www.wsj.com/world/russia/trump-envoys-to-meet-putin-to-push-u-s-peace-plan-for-ukraine-173ac10c?mod=hp_lead_pos3

"Brussels floats 'emergency' powers to raise €210bn from Russian assets," Financial Times, 3 December 2025
https://www.ft.com/content/3c23910f-795c-4151-a47c-db4f0137fb40

EDITORIALS/OPINIONS
Editorial, "China-France relations in next 60 years carry greater expectations," Global Times, 3 December 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202512/1349609.shtml

Editorial, "Japan will pay a heavy economic price if it pursues Takaichi's militant agenda," China Daily, 3 December 2025
https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/202512/03/WS69303043a310d6866eb2cbc8.html

"From pandas to nuclear power: what Macron wants from his trip to China," SCMP, 3 December 2025
https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3335036/pandas-nuclear-power-what-macron-wants-his-trip-china?module=flexi_unit-focus&pgtype=homepage

"Why Macron's China visit and Putin's India trip will show Europe no longer sets the agenda," The Straits Times, 3 December 2025
https://www.straitstimes.com/world/europe/why-macrons-china-visit-and-putins-india-trip-will-show-europe-no-longer-sets-the-agenda

James Crabtree and Rudra Chaudhuri, "The India Trump Made: Where American Bullying Is Leading New Delhi," Foreign Affairs, 3 December 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/india/india-trump-made

Alicia R. Chen, "Foreign Aid With Chinese Characteristics: Where Beijing Is—and Isn't—Seeking Influence," Foreign Affairs, 3 December 2025
Alicia R. Chen
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/foreign-aid-chinese-characteristics

02 December 2025, Tuesday
The World Today #184
The War in Ukraine: Peace talks underway, even as Russia reports new territorial gains 
On 02 December, Reuters reported that a United States delegation led by envoy Steve Witkoff and adviser Jared Kushner arrived in Moscow to meet with Vladimir Putin to discuss a possible end to the war in Ukraine. According to the report, the delegation is holding talks directly with the Russian President as part of an effort to explore whether conditions exist for a negotiated settlement. Meanwhile, according to another Reuters report on 01 December, the Russian military leaders briefed Putin on what they called the liberation of Pokrovsk in the Donetsk region and Vovchansk in the Kharkiv region, and portrayed the developments as significant battlefield victories. Ukraine has not confirmed the loss of either location.

Bulgaria: Thousands protest on 2026 euro-based budget, forcing the government to withdraw 
On 02 December, as a result of mounting public pressure, Prime Minister Rosen Zhelyazkov's minority government has decided to withdraw the draft budget it previously proposed. On 01 December, large numbers of Bulgarians participated in demonstrations across Sofia and other major cities against the government's proposed 2026 budget. It's the first budget prepared in euros, as Bulgaria plans to enter the Eurozone on 1 January. The opposition coalition PP-DB called the budget "a way to hide the large amounts of ongoing corruption" by proposing to raise social insurance rates and taxes on dividend income. This was one of the largest protests in Sofia in many years, and some protesters clashed with police and vandalized the offices of the ruling GERB and DPS parties. 

Germany and China: Foreign Minister to visit Beijing amid "de-risking"
On 02 December, Reuters reported that the German Foreign Minister will visit China from 08 to 09 December. This visit happens as the European Union aims to 'de-risk' from China's economy. The Foreign Minister's meeting was cancelled earlier due to a row over China's export curbs on Chips and rare earths. In its upcoming economic security doctrine, the European Commission stated that it will review its trade defence arsenal and decide whether it must do more to address China. With China as the central policy focus, the document expresses concern about increasing European reliance on critical minerals to drive the green and digital transitions and about unfair competition. Last week, Germany reactivated its "derisking push" with the establishment of an expert committee to advise parliament on "security-relevant trade relations" with China.

The War in Gaza: Hamas to hand over the remains of the last two hostages in Gaza
On 02 December, Hamas stated that it is set to hand over the remains of the last two hostages still in Gaza. Israel responded that it was preparing to receive the "findings," and that forensic testing would be done after a transfer via the Red Cross to Israeli forces in Gaza. The two remaining deceased hostages are Israeli police officer Ran Gvili and Thai national Sudthisak Rinthalak, both kidnapped on 7 October.

Sudan: RSF claims capturing key oil-producing town of Babanusa; Sudan's army rejects the claim 
On 01 December, Sudan's paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF) claimed to have seized full control of Babanusa, a key transport hub in oil-producing West Kordofan state. The RSF described the takeover as a defensive "liberation" after repelling an attack by Sudan's army, which it called a "violation of a humanitarian truce." The army immediately disputed the claim, stating that it still holds parts of the town. It also accused the RSF of continuous attacks despite RSF commander Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo's unilateral ceasefire declaration. The army dismissed the ceasefire declaration as a political ploy to mask troop movements and foreign support. Previously, the Quad (US, UAE, Egypt and Saudi Arabia) proposed a three-month truce, but it collapsed as the RSF launched drone strikes after accepting the plan.

Floods in Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia: Death toll passes 1,100 in Indonesia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Malaysia
On 01 December, The Guardian reported that Sri Lanka and Indonesia deployed military personnel to support relief operations after severe flooding killed more than 1,100 people across Sri Lanka, Indonesia's Sumatra, Thailand and Malaysia. Experts attribute the scale of flooding partly to prolonged La Niña cycles, which intensify rainfall and increase the frequency of heavy storms and monsoons. In Indonesia, at least 604 people have died, and 464 remain missing, according to the national disaster agency. Sri Lanka has reported 366 deaths and 366 missing, while Thailand has recorded 176 deaths and Malaysia has three. The event is Indonesia's deadliest since the 2018 earthquake and tsunami that killed more than 2,000 people in Sulawesi. Sri Lanka declared a state of emergency following Cyclone Ditwah, which displaced 148,000 people. President Anura Kumara Dissanayake stated: "We are facing the largest and most challenging natural disaster in our history." The losses and damage are the most severe Sri Lanka has faced since the 2004 tsunami, which killed about 31,000 people and displaced more than one million. Although rainfall has subsided, flooding continues in low-lying areas of the capital, and authorities are preparing for a large-scale relief operation.

TODAY IN HISTORY 
02 December 1823: President Monroe delivers foreign policy principles to Congress, later known as the Monroe Doctrine 
On 02 December 1823, US President James Monroe delivered his famous message to Congress that became the Monroe Doctrine, a defining pillar of American foreign policy. President Monroe announced the principles in his speech, which later became known as the Monroe Doctrine. Framed against the backdrop of European colonial ambitions in Latin America, the doctrine declared that the Western Hemisphere was no longer open to colonization. He also warned European powers against interfering in the affairs of newly independent states. President Monroe's statement was driven by two key concerns like protecting emerging Latin American republics from the return of Spanish or other European rule and preventing Europe from expanding its political influence in the Americas during a volatile post-Napoleonic era. Though initially symbolic, the Monroe Doctrine later evolved into a central principle shaping US engagement in the region. It invoked diplomacy, strategy, and debates on sovereignty.

02 December 1804: Napoleon Bonaparte crowns himself as the Emperor of France
On 02 December 1804, Napoleon Bonaparte seized the imperial crown from Pope Pius VII and crowned himself Emperor of the French, proclaiming, "I crown myself." This symbolized the Revolution's radical break with monarchy and its blending of republican ideals with autocratic ambition. Attended by 1,000 dignitaries, the lavish ceremony heralded the Napoleonic Empire and reshaped Europe amid ongoing wars. Exactly one year later, on 02 December 1805, Napoleon sealed his legend at the Battle of Austerlitz, the "Battle of the Three Emperors." This strategy not only avenged coronation sceptics but crowned Napoleon as Europe's master, igniting the Continental System and redrawing maps for a generation.