THE WORLD TODAY
#239, Vol 2, No 26, 26 January 2026
The India-EU FTA: India to cut tariffs on EU cars to 40 per cent; Potential role for New Delhi in the bloc’s defence initiatives, says the draft partnership document
On 26 January, as per media reports, India plans to reduce tariffs on cars imported from the European Union to 40 per cent from levels as high as 110 per cent, making a major opening of the country’s automobile market. The government has reportedly agreed to lower duties on a limited number of cars priced above 15,000 euros (USD 17,739), with tariffs gradually declining to 10 per cent over time. This is said to improve access for European manufacturers such as Volkswagen, Mercedes-Benz and BMW. India and the EU are expected to announce the conclusion of their long-running negotiations over the FTA on 27 January, after which the agreement details will be finalized and ratified. The pact could expand bilateral trade and support Indian exports such as textiles and jewellery, which have faced 50 per cent US tariffs since August. India is the world’s third-largest car market, following the US and China however, remains highly protected. The deal is expected to benefit European automakers by enabling cheaper imports and market testing, while allowing firms to check for demand before expanding local manufacturing operations in India.

China: Arrest of top military commander marks “profound shift” in China’s politics, observes Reuters; Taiwan will remain on guard and monitor the “abnormal changes” in China’s leadership, says Defence Minister
On 26 January, a Reuters special report observed that the arrest of Gen. Zhang Youxia, senior vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission and second in command under President Xi Jinping, marks a “profound shift” in Chinese politics. Gen Youxia was arrested on 24 January “for suspected serious violations of discipline and law.” Liu Zhenli, chief of staff of the CMC's Joint Staff Department, was also placed under investigation, shrinking the seven-member body into two, with Xi at the top. Citing leading China analysts, the report highlighted that the probe into the CCP’s top brass marks a scale-up in Xi’s long-running anti-corruption efforts, concentrating even more power with the president and further obscuring China’s already secretive military command. Based on the developments, the report suggests that a near-term attack on Taiwan is unlikely. 

On the same day, Taiwan’s Defence Minister Wellington Koo stated that Taipei will  “closely monitor abnormal changes among the top levels of China's party, government, and military leadership.” He added that Taiwan would employ a mix of joint intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities, along with intelligence sharing, to assess China’s possible intentions. “We won't let the downfall of any one person make us lower our guard or slacken the level of war preparedness we should maintain,” he stated, adding that the Chinese threat was clearly intensifying, citing war games, daily military activity and rising defence spending, and warned that Taiwan could not afford to lower its guard.

The War in Ukraine: Zelensky says US security guarantees document is “100% ready”; EU finalises a law banning Russian gas 
On 26 January, the media reported on Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky announcing the US-backed security guarantees document for Ukraine is “100% ready” and awaits confirmation of the date and place for signing, after the trilateral peace talks in Abu Dhabi. Once signed, the document will be sent for ratification to both the US Congress and the Ukrainian parliament. President Zelensky said the agreement underscores Ukraine’s need for US security guarantees as part of efforts to end the ongoing war, while reaffirming Kyiv’s stance on territorial integrity. Meanwhile, EU countries gave final approval to a law banning Russian gas imports by late 2027, fulfilling the bloc’s plan to cut energy ties with Russia. The ban covers LNG by the end of 2026 and pipeline gas by September 2027. Some members, including Hungary and Slovakia, opposed the move.

Canada and India: PM Carney to visit India in early March as Ottawa looks to diversify trade                                                                                  
On 26 January, Dinesh Patnaik, India's High Commissioner to Canada, said in an interview that Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney is likely to visit India in the first week of March. As Canada is increasing its efforts to diversify its trade relations outside the United States, this visit is expected to coincide with the initiation of formal negotiations for a Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) between India and Canada. During this visit, Carney is expected to sign agreements on sector-specific issues such as uranium, energy, critical minerals, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, the environment, education, and culture. A proposed 10-year uranium supply agreement worth CAD 2.8 billion is under discussion under the existing India-Canada nuclear cooperation agreement. The nuclear agreement is subject to international safeguards. Both sides have shown urgency in concluding the CEPA talks. Indian ministers and the National Security Advisor are also expected to visit Canada in the coming months. Reuters says the reset reflects shared concerns about the weakening global rules-based order and the need for more stable and reliable economic partnerships.

The US and South Korea: Washington and Seoul agree to deepen cooperation on nuclear-powered subs amid North Korea threats
On January 26, Reuters reported that US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy Elbridge Colby and South Korea’s Defence Minister Ahn Gyu-back agreed during the ongoing talks in Seoul to enhance collaboration on nuclear-powered submarines. The ministry views this as strengthening Seoul's peninsula defense leadership and the bilateral alliance of the country. This aligns with the Pentagon's new strategy of a "more limited" US role in deterring North Korea. While Defence Minister Ahn pressed for faster wartime operational control transfer , the US Under Secretary of Defense for Policy praised South Korea as a "model ally" after their promise last year to boost defensive spending to 3.5 per cent of the GDP. South Korea currently hosts 28,500 US troops.

Indonesia: Jakarta receives Rafale fighter jets from France in major defence upgrade 
On 26 January, Indonesia received three Rafale fighter jets built by the Dassault Aviation from France, marking a major upgrade to its ageing military hardware. It is the first delivery from a USD 8 billion defence deal with France, which also includes orders for up to 42 Rafales, frigates and submarines. Jakarta is France’s main arms client in Southeast Asia. The 3 aircraft are stationed at Roesmin Nurjadin Air Base in Pekanbaru, located on the western island of Sumatra, and are ready for use by the Indonesian Air Force. More jets are expected to arrive later this year as Indonesia looks to upgrade its aircraft. Alongside the Rafales, Indonesia has been considering options including China’s J-10 fighter jets and US-made F-15EX jets. It has also signed a contract to buy 48 KAAN fighter jets, a fifth-generation aircraft from Turkey. Reuters reported that Indonesia and Pakistan have discussed a potential defence deal to buy combat jets and drones.

The US: Second Minneapolis shooting fuels political debate over the use of ICE
On 26 January, Reuters reported that the second shooting by federal agents in Minneapolis had intensified national political attention on President Donald Trump’s aggressive immigration crackdown. The public unrest sparked due to the shootings of Alex Pretti, and Renee Good by the federal immigrant agents earlier this month has also evoked debate in Washington as Congress nears the deadline to fund the Department of Homeland Security, on 30 January, which oversees Immigration and Customs Enforcement. As Senate Democrats have reportedly warned that they might oppose funding legislation for ICE unless enforcement practices are reviewed, some Republican lawmakers have also broadly supported the crackdown, calling for greater transparency and accountability. The House Homeland Security Committee has requested that immigration officials testify, with several senators questioning the adequacy of training and the use-of-force powers. Gun rights groups have also weighed in, noting that Pretti was legally armed at the time of the incident. Public opinion polling cited by Reuters shows widespread concern across party lines about minimizing harm during immigration enforcement operations.

THE WORLD TODAY
#237, Vol 2, No 24, 24 January 2026
India-US tariff tensions: Treasury Secretary Bessent indicates possible US tariff relief for India as Russian oil imports reduce
On 24 January, Reuters reported that following the reduction in Russian oil imports by India, US Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent indicated the potential removal of an additional 25 per cent tariffs on India. Speaking to Politico at the World Economic Forum, Bessent stated Indian refiners had sharply reduced purchases of Russian oil, calling the outcome “a success.” He noted that the 25 per cent tariffs linked to Russian oil imports remain in place but suggested there could be a pathway to lifting them. I would imagine there is a path to take them off." On 23 January, Reuters said that in December, India imported the least Russian oil in two years, raising OPEC’s share of its crude imports to an 11-month high. Bessent’s comments come amid growing pressure from President Trump, who has warned that tariffs could be raised further if India does not further scale back its purchases of Russian oil.

The Pentagon National Security Strategy: Rebukes allies’ dependence on US security guarantees, urges greater defence responsibility; Terms Russia as a “persistent but manageable threat”
On 23 January, the Pentagon released a critical National Defense Strategy severely criticising Washington’s allies for relying on the previous US administration to subsidise their defence. The 34-page document is the first since 2022, and calls for "a sharp shift - in approach, focus, and tone,” highlighting that allies should take more responsibility in countering threats. The document highlights China as an Indo-Pacific force that only demands deterrence, stating that the goal "is not to dominate China; nor is it to strangle or humiliate them.” It identifies Russia as a “persistent but manageable threat,” and urges South Korea to take primary responsibility in countering North Korea “with critical but more limited US support.” The report also asserts that Washington will "actively and fearlessly defend America's interests throughout the Western Hemisphere," emphasising on the Panama Canal and Greenland.

The War in Ukraine: The trilateral peace talks end in Abu Dhabi without breakthrough as Russia strikes Kyiv 
On 24 January, Ukraine, Russia and the United States were holding peace talks in Abu Dhabi after previous negotiations in Moscow and Berlin. The meeting is part of an ongoing effort to find a way to end the ongoing war. The peace talks focused on reaching a ceasefire, agreeing on security guarantees, and discussing territorial issues such as control of parts of eastern Ukraine. President Zelensky noted that the war cannot be resolved without addressing territorial issues. Russia’s demand to withdraw Kyiv's forces from the Donbas remains a major sticking point, which Kyiv firmly rejects. There has been no sign of compromise on the territorial dispute. At the same time as the talks continued, Russian forces carried out air strikes on Kyiv and other areas. Ukraine’s air defence systems were activated to stop incoming missiles and drones. Ukraine’s Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba said that Russia launched attacks on Ukraine during the talks, calling the timing “cynical.” He said this showed that Russia was ignoring diplomatic efforts.

The UK and the US: PM Starmer condemns President Trump's comments on European troops in Afghanistan
On 24 January, the UK's Prime Minister Keir Starmer condemned President Trump's comments about European troops staying off the front lines in Afghanistan "insulting" and "appalling." Trump had stated in an interview that the US had "never needed" the transatlantic alliance and accused allies of staying "a little off the front lines" in Afghanistan. In response to the question of demanding an apology from Trump, Starmer stated that had it been him, he would certainly apologise. Netherland's Foreign Minister David van Weel had also condemned Trump's remarks on Afghanistan, calling them untrue and disrespectful.

China: Top Generals Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli Face Serious Violations Inquiry
On 24 January, Reuters reported that China's Ministry of National Defense announced an investigation into two top military officials namely, Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli, on suspicions of serious violations of discipline and the law. This marks a sharp escalation in Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption campaign within the PLA, launched in 2012 and intensified in 2023 amid graft concerns in units such as the Rocket Force. Zhang had maintained close ties to President Xi Jinping and had played a central role in the PLA’s modernisation and development, reports Reuters.

THE WORLD TODAY
#236, Vol 2, No 23, 23 January 2026
The War in Ukraine: Kyiv, Washington and Kremlin prepare for trilateral peace talks as Putin holds talks with US envoys 
On 23 January, media reported that Russia's President Vladimir Putin held talks with three US envoys, including Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner in Moscow ahead of planned trilateral peace talks involving the United States, Ukraine and Russia in Abu Dhabi. The Kremlin said the discussions were “substantive, constructive and very frank,” and agreed that security talks will be held in the UAE. It also emphasised that a lasting peace settlement is unlikely without resolving territorial issues first, notably Russia’s demand that Ukraine cede control of parts of eastern Donetsk. Kremlin aide Yuri Ushakov reiterated that Russia views territorial concessions as a core requirement for a long-term settlement. Meanwhile, Ukraine's President Volodymyr Zelensky also said the territorial issue, especially the fate of Donbas, would be discussed at the US-brokered trilateral talks in Abu Dhabi. President Zelensky noted that the question of Donbas is “key” to negotiations, and stressed Kyiv’s continued refusal to surrender territory Kyiv still holds. The Abu Dhabi talks represent the first trilateral meeting involving Russia, Ukraine and the United States.

The Davos Summit: Global finance leaders say the international order is changing and not rupturing
On 23 January, Reuters reported that global finance leaders argued that the international order is changing rather than rupturing, in contrast to PM Mark Carney’s statement that a new order driven by major-power coercion is emerging. Speaking at Davos, Carney said the rules-based system had ended and quoted Thucydides to argue that “the strong can do what they can and the weak must suffer what they must.” European Central Bank President Christine Lagarde disagreed, saying: “I'm not exactly on the same page as Mark,” and added that “I'm not sure that we should be talking about rupture.” She stated that countries should focus on alternatives by identifying “ the weaknesses, the sore points, the dependencies, the autonomy.” The WTO Director-General stated that uncertainty would not remain as high as in recent weeks, though the previous order would not return. She argued that countries should invest in resilience, adding: “If I was running a country, I'd be trying to strengthen myself and my region.” The IMF Managing Director shared a similar view, saying change was natural and ongoing, and that it was time to embrace these shocks.

Vietnam: To Lam re-elected as the general secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam; Xi lauds “shared future”
On 23 January, To Lam was re-elected for five years by all 180 members of the Communist Party's central committee at the end of a once every five-year Party congress aimed at setting priorities of leadership and policy. Considered a reformist, Lam vowed deeper economic and institutional reforms, including within the party, and promised annual economic growth above ten per cent through the decade, a target analysts have described as ambitious. The World Bank forecasts an average growth rate of 6.5 per cent in the near term. Reuters reported that China's President Xi Jinping congratulated To Lam, and said that the two communist neighbours formed a “community with a shared future of strategic importance.” In his message, President Xi praised the “remarkable results” of socialist construction and reform in Vietnam and stressed its growing international status and influence. He expressed his readiness to strengthen strategic communication, continue traditional friendship, and promote the common cause of socialism while contributing to regional and global stability. 

Gaza and the Board of Peace: Trump withdraws Canada’s invitation to join following PM Carney’s speech
On 23 January, President Trump revoked the invitation to Canada to join the Board of Peace in response to Canada’s Prime Minister Mark Carney's speech at the World Economic Forum in Davos. "Please let this Letter serve to represent that the Board of Peace is withdrawing its invitation to you regarding Canada’s joining, what will be, the most prestigious Board of Leaders ever assembled, at any time," Trump wrote in a Truth Social post. In his speech, Carney had criticised powerful countries for wielding “economic integration as coercion.” He had urged countries to accept the end of a rules-based global order, warning that “we are in the midst of a rupture, not a transition.” He asserted that "middle powers" must act together to prevent being victims of “American hegemony,” stating that “[middle powers] are not at the table, we are the menu.” Trump had sharply retorted Carney’s observations, claiming that Canada "lives because of the United States," and that Carney should be grateful for Washington's generosity. 

China: US control of Venezuelan oil revenues poses challenges for debt restructuring, reports Reuters
On 23 January, Reuters reported that US control over Venezuela’s oil export revenues, now redirected to a Qatar-based account under Washington’s oversight, has disrupted oil shipments used to repay Chinese loans. Roughly 10 per cent of Venezuela’s estimated USD 150 billion foreign debt is owed to China and was being repaid through oil cargoes, which are now blocked. Beijing condemned the decision, saying its legitimate interests must be protected, while US officials reportedly stated that China could continue buying Venezuelan oil at fair market prices, but not as repayment for debt.

THE WORLD TODAY
#235, Vol 2, No 22, 22 January 2026
The Davos Summit: President Trump takes a softer approach to Greenland in his address; NATO chief says allies must strengthen Arctic security under the deal with US; PM Carney calls for “middle powers” to act together
On 21 January, speaking at the World Economic Forum (WEF) annual meeting in Davos, President Trump made a shift in his approach to Greenland, stepping back from earlier tariff threats against European countries. He said the US and NATO had “formed the framework of a future deal with respect to Greenland” and stated that tariffs scheduled for February would not be imposed. President Trump also ruled out the use of force, stating: “I don’t want to use force. I won’t use force.” The change in tone helped reduce market concerns and led to a rally in US stocks, reported Reuters. Following the meeting with NATO Secretary General, Trump said: “It’s a deal that everybody’s very happy with." According to media reports, European diplomats said Trump’s softer tone did not immediately resolve the concerns but helped defuse tensions and create space for private negotiations to continue. On 22 January, NATO Secretary General said allies would need to strengthen their presence in the Arctic under the upcoming framework with the US. 

In his Davos address, Trump also criticised Britain, Switzerland, France, Canada, and NATO over a range of grievances. He pointed to Britain for insufficient oil extraction in the North Sea, Switzerland for its trade surplus with Washington, France over pharmaceutical regulations, described Canada as ingratitude, and NATO for failing to align with US priorities. On the other hand, Canada’s PM Mark Carney received a standing ovation for criticising powerful countries over the use of economic integration and tariffs as leverage. “When the rules no longer protect you, you must protect yourself,” Carney said, and added that “Middle powers must act together.”

The War in Gaza: Trump’s Board of Peace signals expansion beyond Gaza ceasefire
On 22 January, US President Donald Trump announced the establishment of the Board of Peace at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. The creation of the board was endorsed by a UN Security Council resolution linked to Trump’s Gaza peace plan, though the UN said its engagement would be limited to that context. US Secretary of State Marco Rubio said the board’s immediate focus would be on ensuring the Gaza ceasefire is implemented. “Once this board is completely formed, we can do pretty much whatever we want to do. And we'll do it in conjunction with the United Nations," Trump said. He denied that the board was meant to replace the UN, saying it would work in coordination with the UN and that the organisation's potential had not been fully utilised. Trump will chair the board; he has invited several world leaders to join the Board and stated that permanent members would be required to contribute USD one billion each. Thirty-five countries, including Israel, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Egypt, Qatar, Argentina, Indonesia, and Hungary, have accepted the invitation. France declined the invitation, while the UK said it was not participating at present.

The War in Ukraine: Putin to hold Ukraine talks with US envoys as Trump signals deal is reasonably close
On 22 January, Reuters reported that President Vladimir Putin is set to discuss a possible peace plan for Ukraine with US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner in Moscow, following President Donald Trump's statement that a deal to end the war was "reasonably close." Addressing the Russian Security Council, Putin also reportedly confirmed that discussions with the US envoys would focus on Trump’s proposed “Board of Peace,” and the possible use of frozen Russian assets. While the US engages separately with Russia, Kyiv, and European leaders on draft frameworks to end the conflict, a deal is yet to be reached, despite Trump’s repeated promises. The negotiations focused on ending the deadliest European conflict since World War II, Ukraine’s political and territorial future, assessing the durability of US-led peace, and the risk of Europe being sidelined. While Trump has expressed confidence that a deal is close, he has blamed both Putin and Zelenskiy for any failure and told Reuters last week that Zelenskiy is a key obstacle to reaching an agreement.

The US and the WHO: Washington set to officially withdraw from the World Health Organisation 
On 22 January, Reuters reported that the US is set to officially exit the World Health Organisation. A US State Department spokesperson said that the WHO’s failure to contain, manage, and share information had cost the US trillions of dollars, adding that “the American people have paid more than enough to this organisation,” prompting the president to pause all future funding and support to the WHO. President Trump had previously announced that the US would withdraw from the WHO on the first day of his presidency in 2025. The WHO Director-General, Ghebreyesus, stated that he hopes Washington will reconsider and rejoin the WHO and reiterated that withdrawal from the WHO is a loss for both the US and the rest of the world. The US has traditionally been by far the UN health agency’s biggest financial backer, and its departure had sparked a budgetary crisis, which led the WHO to cut its management team in half and shed around a quarter of its staff by the middle of 2026. The agency has said it has been working with the US and sharing information over the last year, but is unsure how the collaboration would work in the future.

Syria: State forces accuse the SDF of ceasefire violation that killed 11 soldiers
On 22 January, Syria's government accused the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF) of drone strikes that killed 11 soldiers. This is the first alleged violation since the four-day ceasefire between the government forces and the SDF was announced. The attack is reported to have occurred while the troops were securing a captured military base containing explosives. The SDF denied the accusations.

THE WORLD TODAY
#223, Vol 2, No 10, 10 January 2026
Iran: Washington reiterates support for protestors in Tehran; Pahlavi issues call to "seize city centres and hold them"
On 10 January, in response to the administrations efforts to curb the escalating protests, President Trump warned Tehran that "You better not start shooting because we'll start shooting too." "I just hope the protesters in Iran are going to be safe, because that's a very dangerous place right now," he added. The US Secretary of State Marco Rubio also expressed Washington's support for the "brave people of Iran," following the state-imposed communication black-out in the country. The crown prince in exile, Reza Pahlavi declared in a social media post that "Our goal is no longer merely to come into the streets; the goal is to prepare to seize city centres and hold them." He also urged "workers and employees in key sectors of the economy, especially transportation, and oil, and gas and energy", to begin a nationwide strike. Iran's Revolutionary Guards warned that safeguarding security was a "red line" and the military vowed to protect public property, accusing "terrorists" of attacking  military and law enforcement bases over the past two nights, killing several citizens and security personnel. The military, operating independently from the IRGC, announced it would "protect and safeguard national interests, the country’s strategic infrastructure, and public property."

Greenland: Denmark faces a defence dilemma over Greenland; Nuuk's Parliament prepares talks on US threats 
On 10 January, media reported that Denmark is grappling with how to defend Greenland, its vast Arctic territory. This came amid the renewed US interest and threats from President Donald Trump prompt strategic reassessment. Denmark's defence officials acknowledge that protecting Greenland poses challenges given its remote location, sparse population, and limited infrastructure, raising questions about how best to strengthen the territory’s security. Government efforts to increase military presence in the Arctic, including a multi-billion crown investment are ongoing, but Copenhagen recognises that effective defence will require coordination with NATO allies and broader strategic planning.

Meanwhile, Greenland’s Parliament said it will bring forward a meeting to discuss threats from the United States and other developments affecting its future. The move reflects growing local concern over sovereignty and external pressure following Trump’s renewed threat about acquiring Greenland. Greenland’s lawmakers plan  examine the implications of these threats and debate how best to respond, including possible diplomatic and legislative measures.

South Africa: China, Russia and Iran conduct 'WILL FOR PEACE 2026' naval exercise
On 10 January, China, Russia and Iran started a week-long joint naval exercise in South Africa. The statement from South Africa's military said, "Exercise WILL FOR PEACE 2026 brings together navies from BRICS Plus countries for ... joint maritime safety operations (and) interoperability drills." In the opening ceremony lead by China's military officials, BRICS plus countries, including Brazil, Egypt and Ethiopia participated as observers.

THE WORLD TODAY
#222, Vol 2, No 9, 09 January 2026
US: Washington discusses plans to pay Greenlanders to secede from Denmark and potentially join the US, says Reuters 
On 08 January, Reuters reported that US officials are planning to pay Greenlanders a sum ranging from USD 10,000 dollars to USD 100,000 per person to convince them to secede from Denmark or join the US. This development happens as the Copenhagen and Nuuk authorities made it explicit that Greenland is not for sale.

Iran: Authorities enforce communication blockade; Protests emerging as a “crisis of legitimacy,” Reuters reports
On 09 January, authorities cut off electricity, internet and communication services in Iran in an attempt to curb the protests spreading across the country. Several flights to Iran have also been cancelled and Iranian news sites only intermittently update. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei accused protesters of acting on behalf of US President  Trump, warning “mercenaries for foreigners” will not be tolerated. Khamenei alleged that “a bunch of vandals and rioters came and destroyed a building that belonged to the state, to the people themselves, just to please the heart of the president of the United States,” urging Trump to “manage your own country.”  Amidst escalating protests, Iran’s opposition factions, led by Reza Pahlavi, exiled son of the late ruling shah,  addressed the protestors in a social media post, stating that “The eyes of the world are upon you. Take to the streets.” Reuters reported that Iran’s anti-government protests have evolved into a “crisis of legitimacy.” The protests that began on 28 December over the sharp decline of the rial and has now overtaken all 31 provinces of the country. The US based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), has reported at least 34 protesters and four security personnel killed, and 2,200 arrested during the unrest, indicating “a deeper disillusionment with the Shi'ite status quo,” reports Reuters.

The War in Ukraine: Russia warns foreign troops in Kyiv would be targets; Moscow fires hypersonic missiles near EU border 
On 09 January, Russia stated that any foreign troops deployed to Ukraine as part of Western support would be considered legitimate military targets for the Russian armed forces. Russian officials made the warning after the UK and France pledged to station troops in Ukraine for training and security support, underscoring Moscow’s strong opposition to expanded Western military involvement. Russia's spokesperson said that foreign forces on Ukrainian soil would be integrated into the conflict and therefore subject to Russian military action. Meanwhile, Russia fired a hypersonic missile near Ukraine’s border with the European Union, according to defence sources. The missile launch occurred close to EU territory, raising concerns among NATO and EU members about potential escalation near alliance borders.

THE WORLD TODAY
#221, Vol 2, No 8, 08 January 2026
Venezuela: Oil seizures deepen Venezuela crisis amid US-led operation
On 08 January, Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello reported 100 fatalities, including 32 Cuban personnel, calling the operation a "cold-blooded" assault on Maduro's security detail. Maduro, who sustained a leg injury, has pleaded not guilty to US drug and arms charges. In response, the US Senate is preparing for a crucial vote on Thursday on a resolution to limit President Trump's unilateral actions, following accusations of misleading Congress regarding regime change plans. Senators Tim Kaine and Rand Paul have denounced the situation as an unconstitutional quagmire, though the resolution is likely to face a veto.
The US seized two Venezuela-linked oil tankers in the Atlantic Ocean, one of which was sailing under the Russian flag, as part of President Donald Trump's assertive efforts to control oil flows in the Americas. The Marinera and M. Sophia diverted USD 2 billion worth of oil to US refiners, and the selective easing of 2019 sanctions unlocked 50 million barrels, causing global crude prices to fall amid renewed supply concerns. Beijing criticised the move as "bullying" and a blatant resource grab, with spokesperson Mao Ning denouncing the "America First" redirection of its top supplier's exports. Trump envisions years of US oversight to manage and rebuild Venezuela profitably through its vast reserves, funneling revenues to buy American goods while lowering energy costs. He remains in constant communication with interim leader Delcy Rodriguez, who mourns the raid's toll but is open to cooperative energy ties.

US: President Trump announces withdrawal from 66 international organizations, including UNFCCC and UN Women, as they “operate contrary to US national interests”
On 08 January, US President Donald Trump announced the withdrawal from 66 international organizations and treaties because they “operate contrary to US national interests.” This includes treaties such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is foundational to the 2015 Paris climate deal, and UN Women, which promotes gender equality. The move, detailed in a presidential memorandum, targets entities deemed to go against US interests and promote "radical climate policies, global governance, and ideological programs that conflict with US sovereignty and economic strength," according to the White House. "The United States would be the first country to walk away from the UNFCCC," said Manish Bapna, President of the Natural Resources Defense Council, and highlighted the lost influence in global economic opportunities. This move reflects President Trump's ongoing skepticism of multilateral institutions during his second term.

Greenland: US senators push to curb Trump’s authority over Greenland 
On 08 January, the media reported that the US senators from both parties are preparing legislation that could limit President Donald Trump’s ability to pursue control of Greenland without congressional approval. It reflected growing concern in Washington about executive overreach and the debate over the Arctic. The proposed congressional action comes amid ongoing discussions among Trump advisers about options related to Greenland, but no formal acquisition plan has been put forward.

European governments have signalled coordinated readiness. France said it is working with allies on a response plan that would defend territorial integrity and uphold international law as part of broader NATO security cooperation in the Arctic. Separately, the leader of Greenland’s opposition urged Nuuk to engage in direct talks with Washington without Denmark as an intermediary, suggesting Greenland should assert its own diplomatic agency in discussions related to its future. The proposal, however, draws no consensus and highlights differing views within Greenland on how to manage relations with both Denmark and the United States.

Iran: The President takes economic measures to contain economic setback
On 08 January, amid nationwide protests, Iran's President asked his government to ensure adequate supplies of goods and to monitor prices across the country. He warned domestic suppliers not to hoard or overprice goods. Additionally, Iran will roll out subsidy reform that will give Iranians USD 7 a month to purchase selected goods. Furthermore, accusing Israel and the US, Iran's top judge stated that there would be no leniency for those who help the enemy against the Islamic Republic.
 

THE WORLD TODAY
#220, Vol 2, No 7, 07 January 2026
Venezuela: US seizes Russian-flagged tanker linked to Caracas as Trump pushes to control oil flows
On 07 January, the United States seized a Russian-flagged tanker linked to Venezuela. US officials said the Coast Guard and military boarded the tanker, Marinera, after it refused to be boarded last month and switched flags.  The seizure coincided with US efforts to finalise a deal to import up to 50 million barrels of Venezuelan crude, which could potentially divert shipments away from China. Beijing, being the main buyer of crude from Venezuela, denounced the move as “bullying,” while oil prices fell on expectations of increased supply. Trump has argued that revenues from Venezuelan oil, refined and sold under US oversight, would benefit both countries. Although negotiations with state oil firm PDVSA are reported to be progressing, Venezuela’s government has not released an official announcement.

Greenland: Discussions in the US over acquiring Greenland spurs European allies to prepare response
On 07 January, the media reported that the senior advisers to US President Donald Trump have been discussing options for acquiring Greenland. Some officials portrayed the idea as linked to long-term US national and military security interests. President Trump has revived a proposal first raised during his earlier presidency that the United States should gain control of the Danish territory. The renewed debate has prompted reactions in Europe. France said it was working with other European allies on a plan. France's officials emphasised that any move would need to respect territorial integrity and international law and that responses would be coordinated among NATO partners. The discussions underscored shared concern among European governments about sovereignty, defence cooperation, and Arctic security. Greenland has repeatedly expressed that it does not want to become part of the United States, and most Greenlanders oppose such a change. European allies reaffirmed support for Greenland’s autonomy and stressed collective defence through NATO rather than unilateral territorial shifts.

The War in Ukraine: Ukraine and the US to revisit territorial questions and Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant control in peace talks
On 7 January, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said US and Ukrainian negotiators would once again take up the issues of territory and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the most contentious issues in talks aimed at ending the war. Kyiv has firmly rejected Russian demands to cede the eastern Donetsk region or relinquish Europe’s largest nuclear facility, which was seized by Moscow back in 2022. While US officials like Steve Witkoff have indicated that possible land compromises were discussed, President Zelenskiy has insisted that any territorial concessions must be approved through a national referendum. Reuters reports recent opinion polls showing that while many Ukrainians are open to freezing current front lines, a large majority oppose formally giving up territory. President Zelenskiy said the US has floated a proposal for trilateral management of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, including an American chief manager, while Kyiv has countered with a joint Ukrainian-American arrangement that would allow Washington to determine the use of half of the facility’s power output.

China and Japan: Bejing imposes export ban on items which can be employed for military purposes on Japan; Tokyo protests and calls this move "absolutely unacceptable and deeply regrettable"
On 07 January, the Chinese Commerce Ministry announced an export ban of dual-use items, which can be used for military purposes, to Japan. It includes goods, software, or technologies that can be employed in both civilian and military applications. Stating protest and withdrawal of the ban, Japan called the move "absolutely unacceptable and deeply regrettable." This development is in the background of Japan's Prime Minister's statement on Taiwan, which had sparked tensions between Japan and China.
 

THE WORLD TODAY
#219, Vol 2, No 5, 06 January 2026
Venezuela: Maduro pleads not guilty at the US court and declares that he was "kidnapped" 
On 06 January, the deposed Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro pleaded not guilty in a Manhattan federal court on Monday to charges of narco-terrorism and cocaine trafficking, following a US military raid. Maduro declared that he had been "kidnapped" and remained the legitimate leader of the oil-rich country. In Caracas, the power vacuum has been filled by Vice President Delcy Rodríguez, who was sworn in as interim president. While Rodríguez officially demands Maduro's release, the Trump administration has indicated a preference for working with her over the traditional opposition to maintain stability. This stance has sidelined opposition leader María Corina Machado, who praised the US intervention and vowed to return from exile to lead a transition toward free elections. The seizure has sparked a diplomatic crisis at the United Nations, with China and Russia condemning the move as "state terrorism." Domestically, President Trump asserted the US is now "in charge" of Venezuela and expressed his plans to rebuild the country’s crippled oil infrastructure. However, with Maduro’s loyalists still patrolling the streets and the US declaring a total oil embargo, the country faces a volatile period.

Greenland: President Trump renews threat to take control, and claims Denmark has failed to adequately protect it; Europe issues joint statement saying “Greenland belongs to its people”
On 06 January, the media reported that the US President Donald Trump has renewed his threat to take control of Greenland, stating that the Arctic island is vital to US national and military security. President Trump, who first floated the idea during his earlier presidency, has again refused to rule out the use of force. He argued that Denmark has failed to adequately protect the strategically important territory. He blamed the insufficient military presence in the Arctic and growing security risks from increased Russian and Chinese activity in the region as reasons. The renewed threat comes amid US assertiveness following a recent US military operation in Venezuela that resulted in the seizure of President Maduro. US officials have cited Greenland’s location in the Arctic and its critical mineral resources as central to American security interests, particularly in the context of NATO and Arctic defence.

European leaders responded with France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Denmark issuing a joint statement affirming that “Greenland belongs to its people” and that decisions regarding its future rest solely with Denmark and Greenland. They stressed that Arctic security must be ensured collectively through NATO and in line with international law.
Poland's Prime Minister Donald Tusk warned that threats between NATO members would undermine the alliance. Greenland’s Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen welcomed European support and called for a “respectful dialogue” with the United States, emphasising territorial integrity. Denmark has pledged DKK 42 billion to strengthen its Arctic defence presence amid growing tensions.

Protests in Iran: Rights group reports 25 dead and 1000 arrested
On 06 January, an Iran-based rights group reported that the protest over high inflation and low value of currency claimed 25 lives and 1000 arrests. The group also reports that the protest has now expanded to 27 provinces, with slogans calling for economic reforms and criticising governance and the delivery of justice. In response to the rising unrest, Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian called for dialogue and assured reforms to stabilise the economy. Furthermore, the government has announced subsidy reforms, which will take effect on January 10.

The War in Ukraine: Macron hosts Kyiv allies in Paris to seal security pacts
On 06 January, French President Emmanuel Macron convened Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and delegates from over 30 "Coalition of the Willing" nations in Paris to secure robust security guarantees for Kyiv. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, NATO chief Mark Rutte, and US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner are taking part in this event. The summit targets a multinational force to safeguard Ukraine post-ceasefire, alongside economic and military aid, plus a US "backstop" against Russian violations. Zelensky, following the Trump talks, revealed a "90 per cent agreed" peace framework, with disputes over the territorial cessions in Donbas. Russia refused interim truces, ramping up energy strikes, while Washington pledges 15-year protections, though timelines lag. Talks undermined by US Venezuela raid, and Greenland grab threats, frustrating European leaders.
 

THE WORLD TODAY
#217 & 218, Vol 2, No 3 & 4, 04 & 05 January 2026
The US and Venezuela: Maduro faces New York court on drug-trafficking charges; Trump threatens Colombia over cocaine flows 
On 05 January, Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro appeared in a New York federal court to face drug-related charges brought by US prosecutors, following the US military operation that captured him and his wife in Caracas. President Maduro, long accused of involvement in narcotics trafficking and corruption, was flown to Manhattan where he is expected to contest the charges, including alleged ties to cartels and narco-terrorism conspiracies. US President Donald Trump said Washington is “in charge” of Venezuela and has not ruled out further action if Maduro’s government allies do not cooperate. President Trump also threatened possible military action against Colombia, accusing its President Gustavo Petro of failing to curb cocaine production, remarks that drew condemnation from Bogota as “unacceptable interference.” Meanwhile, Venezuela’s interim leader, Vice President Delcy Rodriguez, denounced the operation as a violation of international law and demanded Maduro’s release, while EU and other international actors criticised the US for escalating regional tensions.

Iran: Biggest protest in three years claims 16 lives and triggers high inflation
On 04 January, Reuters reported that the violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces claimed the lives of 16 people. Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian instructed the Interior Ministry to adopt a kind and responsible approach, stating that "society cannot be convinced or calmed by forceful approaches." Additionally, the inflation rises to 42 per cent as unrest is being reported in central areas and in southern Baluchistan province.

China and South Korea: President Lee Jae Myung visits Beijing
On 05 January, South Korea's President Lee Jae Myung visited China. He said, "This summit will be an important opportunity to make 2026 the first year of full-scale restoration of Korea-China relations, and I believe that efforts to develop the strategic cooperation and partnership between the two countries into an irreversible trend of the times will continue." China's President Xi said, "More than 80 years ago, China and South Korea made tremendous national sacrifices and won the victory against Japanese militarism," and he stated that the two countries should "safeguard peace and stability in Northeast Asia," citing an "increasingly chaotic and complicated international situation." The countries signed 15 agreements, including documents on technology, intellectual property and transportation cooperation.

The War in Ukraine: President Zelenskiy appoints a former deputy prime minister of Canada as economic development adviser
On 05 January, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskiy announced that he had appointed Chrystia Freeland, Canada’s Former Deputy Prime Minister from 2019 to 2024, as his economic development adviser because of her experience in gaining investments. On X, he wrote that Ukraine needed to strengthen its “internal resilience” to bring an end to the war. Freeland, who has Ukrainian ancestry, is currently serving as a legislator in Canada’s parliament and is Ottawa’s special envoy to Ukraine.
 

THE WORLD TODAY
#215, Vol 2, No 2, 02 January 2026
The War in Ukraine: Moscow hands alleged proof of attempted Ukrainian drone strike on Putin residence to US
On 01 January, Russia handed what it described as evidence of an attempted Ukrainian drone strike on a residence of President Vladimir Putin to a US military attaché. Moscow had earlier accused Kyiv of targeting a presidential complex in Russia’s Novgorod region using 91 long-range attack drones, warning that the incident could affect its negotiating position in ongoing US-Russia talks on ending the Ukraine war. In a video released by Russia’s defence ministry, Admiral Igor Kostyukov said data recovered from a drone’s navigation controller “confirms without question” that the residence was the intended target. Ukraine denied the accusation, calling it a disinformation effort aimed at dividing Kyiv and Washington.

Iran and USA: Trump warns US intervention if Iran kills protesters
On 02 January, Trump warned Tehran that if protesters are harmed, the United States was “locked and loaded” to “come to their rescue,” while stopping short of elaborating on concrete steps. Ali Larijani, adviser to Iran’s Supreme Leader, said that US involvement would inflame the Middle East. The comments come in the wake of protests over economic misery and the plunging value of the rial. There were reports of at least six people being killed on Thursday during confrontations with security forces in several cities, but those reports could not be verified. The protests have moved from Tehran to other areas, as chants against Iran's leadership were heard.

Gambia: Migrant boat capsizes off Gambia, leaving at least seven dead
On 02 January, a maritime tragedy occurred off the coast of The Gambia, leaving at least seven people dead and several others missing from a migrant vessel carrying about 200 people en route to Europe. The vessel capsized around midnight on Wednesday close to the village of Jinack in the North Bank Region and was later found grounded on a sandbank. To date, ninety-six passengers have been rescued, with ongoing search-and-rescue operations led by the Gambian Navy, in cooperation with local fishing vessels. Of those rescued, ten are in critical condition and receiving urgent medical treatment. The identities of the victims are yet to be verified, although it is suspected that a number of the dead are non-Gambians. Preliminary estimates suggest it was a large wooden canoe, which has often been used by migrants despite being far from ideal for the over 1,500-kilometer crossing across the Atlantic to Spain's Canary Islands. This route has increasingly been favored in recent years, though it remains very dangerous, with several thousand reported fatalities of migrants worldwide.

China: BYD overtakes Tesla 
On 01 January, BYD marked its first time that it has outpaced its American rival for annual sales by overtaking Tesla as the world’s biggest seller of electric vehicles. On Thursday, BYD said its sales rose to almost 28 per cent by last year to more than USD 2.28 million whereas Tesla sold around USD 1.65 million.

Japan: PM joins fight for more female toilets in the parliament 
On 01 January, an opposition lawmaker, Yasuko Komiyama, stated: "There were often long queues in front of the restroom before plenary sessions start," and quoted another MP who said she had "given up" going to the toilet before a session began. The Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, is among some 60 lawmakers petitioning for more female toilets in the parliamentary building, as there are 12 men's toilets with 67 stalls but only one female toilet with 27 stalls. Komiyama stated: "I want to raise my voice and prepare myself for the day when women hold more than 30 per cent of parliamentary seats in the future," and if the administration is serious about women's empowerment then they can count on their understanding and cooperation.
 

THE WORLD TODAY
#214, Vol.2, No.1, 01 January 2026
Protests in Iran: Media reports several killed in protests over soaring prices
On 01 January, Iranian media and rights groups reported that several people were killed during overnight unrest, marking the most serious protests in Iran in nearly three years. Anger over soaring prices was reported as the reason for the recent protests. Accoridng to Reuters, deaths were reported in Lordegan in western Iran, while authorities confirmed one death in Kuhdasht and a rights group reported another in Isfahan province. The clashes reflect an escalation of protests that began on 28 December, when shopkeepers demonstrated against the government’s handling of currency slide and rapidly rising prices. Demonstrations have since spread to merchants, bazaar traders, and students, with closures reported at major markets. The unrest comes at a sensitive moment for Iran’s leadership, as Western sanctions continue to strain an economy with 40 per cent inflation. This is compounded by regional tensions with Israel and US airstrikes in June, reported Reuters. Tehran has responded with an offer for dialogue along with its security measures. Government spokesperson said authorities would hold direct dialogue with trade unions and merchants, though details remain unclear. Iran’s economic situation has been deeply impacted for years due to US and western sanctions over its nuclear program. News reports highlight that authorities have repeatedly suppressed protests over prices, drought, women’s rights, and political freedoms in recent years.

China: Xi Jinping declares reunification of Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macao “Unstoppable” in New Year address 
On 01 January, the media reported that China's President Xi Jinping in his New Year’s Eve speech, emphasised on the reunification of Taiwan. He also referred to integrating Hong Kong and Macao into China’s overall development and maintaining long-term prosperity and stability. President Xi reiterated the One Country, Two Systems policy and stressed the “shared bond of blood and kinship” across the Taiwan Strait. He declared that the reunification of the motherland is unstoppable, calling it a “trend of the times.” Xi also highlighted China’s economic achievements under the 14th Five-Year Plan, noting that national output is projected to reach RMB 140 trillion yuan, with improvements in economic strength, scientific and technological capabilities, defence, and overall national power. He underlined China’s integration of science and technology with industry, citing breakthroughs in artificial intelligence and domestic chip development. President Xi framed these advancements as evidence of China’s rising global influence and technological self-reliance, signaling confidence in the country’s continued growth and development in 2026.

The US and Venezuela: Washington issues new sanctions on four companies; targets Caracas' oil sector
On 31 December, the US imposed sanctions on four companies operating in Venezuela’s oil sector and on associated oil tankers, as President Trump’s administration increases pressure on President Maduro. The measures follow Trump’s earlier announcement of a blockade on all sanctioned vessels entering or leaving Venezuelan waters, a move that has reportedly reduced Venezuela’s oil exports to about half of their November levels. In a statement, the US Treasury Department said the sanctions targeted oil traders and shipping assets involved in sanctions evasion on behalf of the Maduro government. The designations included four oil tankers, some of which were described as part of the “shadow fleet,” which are described as vessels that are old with opaque ownership, and limited insurance coverage that transport sanctioned oil outside formal markets. “Today’s action further signals that those involved in the Venezuelan oil trade continue to face significant sanctions risks,” the Treasury said. The new measures follow earlier sanctions this month on six Venezuela-related tankers. Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent stated that the administration would not allow “the illegitimate Maduro regime to profit from exporting oil while it floods the United States with deadly drugs.”

The War in Ukraine: Putin says that Russia will win the war; Zelensky says Ukraine's peace deal is “90 percent ready”
On 01 January, media reported that in New Year’s Eve address, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin asserted that Russia will win the war in Ukraine, calling on citizens to “support our heroes” amid nearly four years of  war. He emphasised national pride and historical resilience while reiterating Russia’s determination despite ongoing intensive fighting. Meanwhile, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelensky, stressed that Kyiv seeks peace but will not agree to a weak deal, stating, “We want an end to the war but not the end of Ukraine.” President Zelensky said a peace agreement is “90 percent ready,” with the remaining 10 per cent to determine the fate of peace, Ukraine, and Europe.

TODAY IN HISTORY
01 January 1999: The launch of Euro as the single currency for 11 European Union countries
On 01 January 1999, the euro was introduced as the official currency for 11 European Union member states, namely Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain. It was initially introduced for electronic transactions and accounting purposes, and later in 2002,  physical notes and coins were also issued. This marked a pivotal moment in European integration as it replaced national currencies with a unified monetary system to eliminate exchange rate fluctuations, simplify cross-border trade, and foster economic cohesion. It laid the foundation for the Eurozone, which has since expanded to 20 countries. It boosted intra-EU trade, enhanced the bloc's global financial influence, and sparked discussions of further fiscal union, though it also highlighted vulnerabilities during crises such as the 2009-2012 debt turmoil.