31 July 2025, Thursday
The World Today # 61

US concludes trade deal with South Korea: US agrees for 15 per cent; South Korea to invest in USD 350 billion
On 30 July, US President Donald J. Trump announced a trade deal with South Korea, stating that 15 per cent tariff rate would be applicable on South Korean commodities. This marks a reduction from the 25 per cent tariff rate previously announced by President Trump. The terms of the deal mandate South Korea to invest USD 350 billion in the United States and purchase USD 100 billion worth of liquefied natural gas. South Korean President Lee Jae Myung announced that USD 150 billion out of the USD 350 billion will be allocated to a dedicated shipbuilding cooperation fund to support South Korean companies venturing into the American shipbuilding industry. It is reported that the remaining USD 200 billion is pledged to be invested in different sectors in the United States such as semiconductors, rechargeable batteries, biotechnology, and energy. President Lee stressed that the deal is fair and balanced, stating that the agreement ensures that “US tariff rates on Korean goods are equal to or lower than those faced by Korea’s major export competitors.” Further, President Trump also announced that South Korean President Lee Jae Myung would visit Washington within two weeks for the announcement of South Korea’s investment of “a large sum of money.” The agreement follows other trade deals that have been concluded with the European Union and Japan.

US Tariff- Pakistan: Deal reaches to lower tariff and to develop oil reserves
On 31 July, the US and Pakistan reached a trade deal to lower tariff and increase investments. Pakistan's finance minister said "This deal marks the beginning of a new era of economic collaboration especially in energy, mines and minerals, IT, cryptocurrency and other sectors." Without revealing any numbers, he added that the agreement would lead to a "reduction of reciprocal tariffs, especially on Pakistani exports to the United States." US President said "We have just concluded a Deal with the Country of Pakistan, whereby Pakistan and the United States will work together on developing their massive Oil Reserves."

US and Canada: President Trump escalates trade tensions with Canada after the Palestine stance 
On 31 July, US President Donald Trump escalated the trade dispute with Canada by announcing a 20 per cent tariff on Canadian aluminum and steel imports. The move came shortly after Canada expressed support for Palestine at a recent United Nations session. Trump stated that the tariffs would take effect immediately and warned of additional measures if Canada did not alter its foreign policy. Canada's Prime Minister Justin Trudeau called for an emergency cabinet meeting and confirmed that retaliatory tariffs on US agricultural products and machinery were under consideration. Trade between the two countries totaled over USD 700 billion in 2024. The new tariffs were expected to affect key industries along the border. Both governments confirmed that diplomatic talks would continue despite the economic measures.

Brazil: Trump imposes 50 per cent tariffs on Brazilian goods to stop the “witch hunt” against Bolsonaro
On 30 July, US President Donald Trump signed an executive order imposing a 50 per cent tariff on Brazilian goods. It excluded key exports, civil aircraft, pig iron, precious metals, wood pulp, orange juice, energy and fertilizers. The new tariffs would come into effect from August 6. The tariffs were meant to stop the trial on former Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro, where he was charged for allegedly plotting a coup to stop  Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva from taking office in 2023. The Brazilian President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva had responded by saying that he needed to defend the “sovereignty of the Brazilian people” as the US imposed tariffs.

Myanmar: The Military lifts the emergency and announces a new government ahead of the elections in December
On 31 July, Myanmar’s military government lifted the state of emergency imposed after its 2021 coup, dissolving the State Administration Council. Coup leader Min Aung Hlaing said that "these upcoming six months are the time to prepare and host the election," according to state media. Senior General Min Aung Hlaing, the coup leader, continues to hold the positions of acting president and military chief, as well as serving as the head of the new State Security and Peace Commission. The election, criticized as an opposition group and a sham by Western governments, faces challenges amid civil war, with the military controlling less than half the country. The National Unity Government and ethnic armed groups declared to interrupt the polls, deemed neither free nor fair.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world

Zheng Yin, "China targeted, the West exempt: investigating global subsidy double standards," Global Times, 31 July 2025
https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202507/1339790.shtml

Editorial, "The worst has been avoided," Korea Times, 31 July 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/opinion/editorial/20250731/ed-the-worst-has-been-avoided

Stephen S Roach, "Who’s winning the US-China AI race?," Korea Times, 31 July 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/opinion/20250731/whos-winning-the-us-china-ai-race

Richard Harris, "Trump’s many victories will prove pyrrhic," South China Morning Post, 31 July 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/world-opinion/article/3320182/trumps-many-victories-will-prove-pyrrhic?module=top_story&pgtype=section

30 July 2025, Wednesday
The World Today # 60

US-India Tariff Tensions: President Trump announces 25 per cent tariff on Indian imports starting 01 August 
On 30 July, US President Donald Trump announced a 25 per cent tariff on all goods imported from India, effective 1 August. Trump stated that India imposes some of the highest tariffs in the world and continues to purchase oil and weapons from Russia, which he described as “unacceptable.” In his Truth Social post, Trump wrote: “While India is our friend, we have, over the years, done relatively little business with them because their tariffs are far too high… They have always bought a vast majority of their military equipment from Russia, and are Russia’s largest buyer of ENERGY… ALL THINGS NOT GOOD!” He emphasised that the deadline would not be extended. Trump’s tariff threat was first made in early July, when he warned of punitive measures unless India reduced its tariffs and distanced itself from Moscow. In the same post, Trump confirmed advancing trade discussions with other Asian countries, including Japan, Indonesia, and the Philippines. He referred to the tariff plan as part of his new “Liberation Day” economic policy.

Trans-Atlantic Tariff deal: Macron criticises the EU-US trade deal
On 30 July, the French President Emmanuel Macron criticised the EU-US trade deal. On 28 July, the tariffs on European import goods were reduced to 15 per cent from 30 per cent on 70 per cent of import tariffs. Even though the deal offers more benefits and exposure to French businesses, the President says it is only the first step, and further negotiation can be done. He said that European bloc wasn't feared enough by the US to be free and Europe should focus more on its agenda of sovereignty and competitiveness.

Thailand-Cambodia Conflict: Truce holds on the second day of truce, despite accusations of its violation
On 30 July, a fragile truce between Cambodia and Thailand was maintained for the second consecutive day, despite mutual accusations of violations. Thailand’s military accused Cambodia of breaching the ceasefire at three locations along the border. Following this, Cambodia denied the accusation and took its military officers and diplomats to the border checkpoint to verify if the ceasefire is intact. They reported that Thailand has illegally captured 20 soldiers of Cambodia. Although there have been no reports of armed fire since the ceasefire, both troops were still deployed in the frontier where fighting took place.

Russia: Earthquake in Russia’s Far East triggers tsunami and flood warnings across the Pacific
On 30 July, a magnitude 8.8 earthquake of a depth of about 19.3 kilometres (12 miles) struck the Kamchatka Peninsula, located in Russia’s Far Eastern coast, resulting in tsunami warnings in regions such as the United States, Canada, Japan, French Polynesia, and Chile. The earthquake was one of history’s strongest and took place at 8:25 a.m. Japan time and was followed by multiple aftershocks amounting to 6.9 magnitude. According to the United States Geological Survey, the earthquake was centred 119 km (74 miles) east-southeast of Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, a city of a population of over 165,000 people. The tremors damaged buildings and injured several people in the remote Russian region. Further, it is reported that in Severo-Kurilsk in the northern Kuril Islands, south of Kamchatka, tsunami waves exceeded 3 metres, with the largest measuring upto 5 metres. Chile remains to be under the highest level of alert, while Japan, Hawaii, and parts of Russia have downgraded their tsunami warnings. States falling under the West Coast in the United States and the Canadian province of British Columbia remain under an advisory. Russian scientists claimed that the earthquake in Kamchatka was the most powerful to hit the area since 1952.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world

Yasuto Watanabe, "ASEAN+3 in an age of global uncertainty," Japan Times, 30 July 2025
https://www.japantimes.co.jp/commentary/2025/07/30/world/asean3-in-an-uncertain-age/

Alex Lo, "Europe being run into the ground by amateurs and ideologues," South China Morning Post, 30 July 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/article/3320153/europe-being-run-ground-amateurs-and-ideologues?module=top_story&pgtype=section

C Raja Mohan, "The West vs the Rest, a fiction," The Indian Express, 30 July 2025
https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/c-raja-mohan-writes-the-west-vs-the-rest-a-fiction-10158197/

Marianna Karakoulaki, "Europe’s deadly border theatre is back," Al Jazeera, 30 July 2025
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2025/7/30/europes-deadly-border-theatre-is-back

Tarik Cyril Amar, "The art of the kneel: How Trump’s ‘deal’ brought Brussels to heel," Russia Times, 30 July 2025
https://www.rt.com/news/622231-trump-eu-tariff-deal/

Da Wei, "What Does China Want in Ukraine?" FOreign Affairs, 29 July 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/china/what-does-china-want-ukraine

Nirupama Rao; Dhruva Jaishankar; Lisa Curtis; Ashley J. Tellis, "What Kind of Great Power Will India Be?: Debating New Delhi’s Grand Strategy," Foreign Affairs, 30 July 2025
https://www.foreignaffairs.com/responses/what-kind-great-power-will-india-be

29 July 2025, Tuesday
The World Today # 59

IMF’s new World Economic Outlook report: Higher growth forecasts for emerging markets; cautions trade war risks
On 29 July, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) published its World Economic Outlook report, which provides analysis of the economic situation and short- to medium-term forecasts. It raised its 2025 GDP forecast for emerging and developing economies to 4.1 per cent from 3.7 per cent, and to 4.0 per cent for 2026 from 3.9 per cent. This was mainly due to China’s upgrade to 4.8% from 4.0%, driven by strong early growth and easing US-China tariffs. Global growth was revised to 3.0 per cent for 2025 and 3.1 per cent for 2026, but remains below pre-pandemic levels. Unlike most individual economies, which experienced an upgrade, Russia and South Korea were downgraded to 0.9 per cent and 0.8 per cent. The IMF warned that “the current pause in the imposition of new trade restrictions is welcome, but the concern is that it may not last.”

United States and China: Tariff negotiations resume in Stockholm
On 29 July, government officials from the United States and China began the second day of dialogue in Stockholm to resolve longstanding economic issues and prevent the escalation of a trade war between the two countries. The meeting did not result in major outcomes; however, both sides agreed to a 90-day extension of the preliminary tariff truce finalised in May this year. China seeks a reduction of US tariffs and technology export controls, directing its efforts towards reaching a ‘durable’ tariff agreement with the United States by 12 August. It is reported that China has a strong negotiating hand considering its dominance of global supply chains in terms of rare earth minerals and magnets, which are used in the production of most commercial goods. Chief economist at Hamburg Commercial Bank, Cyrus de la Rubia, highlighted that China’s non-dependence on the United States for security, unlike the European Union, has enabled it to drag tariff talks over a long time. This development comes after the United States finalised a trade deal with Japan and 15 per cent tariffs on most EU goods exports to the United States.

Thailand-Cambodia Conflict: Despite accusations, border tensions ease as commanders vow to uphold truce 
On 29 July, tensions started easing after five days of border clashes between Thailand and Cambodia. The clashes left at least 43 people dead and over 300,000 displaced. Military commanders from both sides met to uphold the truce, agreed to freeze troop movements, and began efforts to return the wounded and dead. The ceasefire was brokered with mediation by Malaysia, alongside involvement from the US and China. And it took effect at midnight on 28 July. Although Thailand initially accused Cambodia of violating the ceasefire, both nations committed to further discussions through the General Border Committee on 4 August. Thailand estimated economic damages at over THB 10 billion and announced relief for affected regions. Thousands of villagers remained displaced as authorities pushed for international monitoring to prevent renewed hostilities. Meanwhile, gunfire ceased, both sides reported calm overnight. Troops stayed in position without fresh clash as confidence-building talks continued.

The War in Ukraine: Despite Trump's new deadline for Russia to end the war, media reports indicate 19 being killed today
On 28 July, US President Trump shortened the deadline given to Russia to end the war in Ukraine. During the meeting with European leaders, he said "I'm going to make a new deadline of about ... 10 or 12 days from today," and "There's no reason in waiting... We just don't see any progress being made." He added that if Moscow fails to meet his demands, the answer "would be sanctions and maybe tariffs, secondary tariffs." In social media, former Russia's President Dmitry Medvedev said  "Each new ultimatum is a threat and a step towards war", involving the US. Ukraine's President Zelenskiy said "I thank President Trump for his focus on saving lives and stopping this horrible war." A while after, Russia struck the Zaporizhzhia region in Ukraine and killed 19.

Today in History
29 July 1958: US establishes National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
On 29 July 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established through legislation signed by US President Dwight D Eisenhower. Sputnik was the first artificial satellite launched by the Soviet Union in October 1957. The National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 created NASA for monitoring non-military space activities and to compete in missile technology with the Soviet Union. NASA replaced the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA). The legacy continues even today, where NASA is an independent agency that implements cutting-edge technologies in space research, studies Earth science, and conducts missions to send humans to space. During the last 65 years of its foundation, NASA has undertaken various missions such as the Apollo 8, Apollo 11, Apollo 13 spaceflight, Hubble Space Telescope, James Webb Space Telescope, NASA's Spirit and Opportunity Rovers, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 missions. The recent active mission of NASA is 3D Tissue Chips replicating human organ cells that help scientists to study the effect of radiation and other environmental factors on cells.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world
Anna J Park, "Can US-North Korea denuclearization talks be revived,?" Korea Times, 29 July 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/foreignaffairs/20250729/can-us-north-korea-denuclearization-talks-be-revived

Park Jae-hyuk, "How can Korea 'Make American Shipbuilding Great Again'?" Korea Times, 29 July 2025
https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/business/companies/20250729/how-can-korea-make-american-shipbuilding-great-again

Andrew FrankandJacob J. Puthenparambil, "Why Asian exporters can’t afford a passive approach to US politics," South China Morning Post, 29 July 2025
https://www.scmp.com/opinion/asia-opinion/article/3319227/why-asian-exporters-cant-afford-passive-approach-us-politics?module=top_story&pgtype=section

Nick Dearden and Melanie Foley, "Now that countries have capitulated on tariffs, Trump will be back for more," AL Jazeera, 29 July 2025
https://www.aljazeera.com/opinions/2025/7/29/now-that-countries-have-capitulated-on-tariffs-trump-will-be-back-for-more

Alexander Baunov, "Putin Is Obsessed With Something He Can’t Get," New York Times, 29 July 2025
https://www.nytimes.com/2025/07/29/opinion/putin-russia-negotiations-ukraine.html

Editorial, "Trump’s New Timeline for Putin," Wall Street Journal, 29 July 2025
https://www.wsj.com/opinion/donald-trump-vladimir-putin-cease-fire-keir-starmer-7cbce703?mod=opinion_lead_pos2
 

27-28 July 2025, Monday
The World Today # 57-58

Trans-Atlantic Trade Deal: The US and the EU conclude on 15 per cent import tariff 
On 27 July, the US and the EU agreed upon a trade agreement which imposes a 15 per cent import tariff on all EU goods. Upon discussion, it is also decided to increase EU purchase of US energy and military equipment and EU to invest USD 600 billion in the US.  A US official stated that if the EU doesn't keep up their investment commitments, Trump could increase the tariff in future. Tariff is expected from either side on aircraft and aircraft parts, semiconductor equipment, natural resources, critical raw materials and selected chemicals, generic drugs, and agricultural products.

Thailand-Cambodia Conflict: Both countries agree to a ceasefire; The US assists Malaysia in mediation efforts
On 28 July, Thailand and Cambodia agreed to an “immediate and unconditional ceasefire" after the mediation talks in Malaysia. Anwar Ibrahim, Malaysia’s Prime Minister, stated that the ceasefire would take effect from midnight local time. He added that this is the first step in de-escalating and restoring peace and security. On 28 July, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio stated that the US State Department officials are in Malaysia to facilitate the mediation. On 27 July, President Trump stated that he would not conclude any trade deals with either country unless they cease fighting.

Taiwan recall elections: Voters re-elect "China-friendly" lawmakers
On 26 July, Taiwanese voters re-elected over one-fifth of their lawmakers from the opposition Nationalist Party, also known as KMT, in a recall election. These lawmakers are considered to be China-friendly. The KMT currently has 52 seats, while the ruling Democratic Progressive Party (DPP) holds 51 seats. The KMT and the Taiwan People’s Party now have a legislative majority, enabling them to form an alliance. For the DPP to secure a majority, over six KMT lawmakers would have to lose their seats, and the ruling party would have to win the by-elections in those seats. President Lai stated that these results are “neither a victory for one side nor a defeat for another,” hoping that parties direct their efforts towards safeguarding Taiwan’s democratic system. Further, KMT Chairman Eric Chu claimed that the Taiwanese public has chosen stability and that the ruling government “should focus on getting things done, rather than engaging in bitter political fighting.” Additionally, China’s Taiwan Affairs Office spokesperson Chen Binhua stated the election results showed that the DPP’s “political manipulation” demonstrates the party’s pursuit of “one-party dominance.”  The recall elections will conclude in the next one month, with another seven KMT lawmakers facing a similar vote on 23 August.

The War in Gaza: Israel announces ceasefire pauses for humanitarian aid 
On 28 July, Israel announced a halt in military in military operations for 10 hours a day in parts of Gaza to enable humanitarian aid drops, as Jordan and the United Arab Emirates. Israeli officials stated, “These pauses are critical to ensure aid reaches those in desperate need.” Coordinated with international aid organizations. These pauses aim to create safe corridors to deliver aid for civilians.  The UN has reported that 80 per cent of Gaza’s population relies on aid. Due to this, the decision has been taken to address Gaza’s worsening conditions. The UN spokesperson has emphasised that the main challenge is to ensure that effective implementation is the key to saving lives.

Democratic Republic of Congo: ADF rebels attack a church and kill 38 people; says Reuters
On 27 July, Reuters reported that 38 people were killed in a Catholic Church in Komanda, mainly targeting Christians. On 26 July, the victims were attending a night mass when they were attacked by Allied Democratic Forces (ADF), an Ugandan Islamist rebel group who were wielding guns and machetes. 

Today in History
28 July 1914: Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, marking the start of World War-I 
On 28 July 1914, a month after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. This marked the beginning of World War I. The declaration followed Serbia’s rejection of parts of an ultimatum that Austria-Hungary had issued. Backed by Germany, Austria-Hungary sought to punish Serbia, whom it blamed for the assassination. Within days, a web of alliances dragged major powers into the conflict, including Russia, Germany, France, and Britain. The war began as a regional crisis, soon escalated into a full-scale global war.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world

Editorial, "Beef and barriers," (On South Korea-US Tariff Tensions) The Korea Herald, 28 July 2025

Editorial, ‘Promoting global solidarity’ provides a Chinese solution for AI governance, Global Times, 28 July 2025

Lucio Blanco Pitlo III, "Why US alliance didn’t save Philippines from Trump’s tariffs," South China Morning Post, 28 July 2025

Anthony W.D. Anastasi, "China could become a high-income country this year, but can it stay one?," South China Morning Post, 28 July 2025

Jafar Bedru Geletu, "The Nile cannot be governed by colonial-era treaties," Al Jazeera, 28 July 2025

Timur Tarkhanov, "Brussels’ Frankenstein: How the EU is building its next dictatorship," Russia Times, 28 July 2025

Stacie E. Goddard, Ronald R. Krebs, Christian Kreuder-Sonnen, and Berthold Rittberger
"Liberalism Doomed the Liberal International Order: A Less Legalistic System Would Help Protect Democracies," Foreign Affairs, 28 July 2025

Editorial, "Macron Embraces a Palestinian Mirage," Wall Street Journal, 28 July 2025

26 July 2025, Saturday
The World Today # 56

The War in Gaza: Netanyahu and Trump to stop ceasefire negotiations with Hamas; Threatens to “hunt down” Hamas’ leadership
On 25 July, Israel’s Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and US President Donald Trump announced that the negotiations with Hamas on Gaza had been abandoned. Trump said that Hamas' leader might be “hunted down” as he said that Hamas does not want a deal. Both Israel and the US have withdrawn their delegation from the ceasefire talks in Qatar. This happened hours after Hamas submitted its response to the ceasefire. The proposed ceasefire would stop fighting for 60 days, allow better aid flow to Gaza, and release some of the 50 hostages in return for Palestine’s prisoners in Israel.

Australia, Britain and the AUKUS: 50-year bilateral treaty to bolster AUKUS nuclear-submarine initiative signed by the two countries
On 26 July, Australia's Defence Minister Richard Marles stated that Australia and Britain signed a 50-year bilateral treaty to solidify the AUKUS nuclear submarine cooperation at Geelong, in the state of Victoria. The Geelong Treaty will  "enable comprehensive cooperation on the design, build, operation, sustainment, and disposal of our SSN-AUKUS submarines." Earlier in June, the 2021 AUKUS pact, aimed at providing nuclear powered attack submarines to Australia was brought under review by the US. The SSN-AUKUS aims to incorporate technical efforts from all three member states. AUKUS is Australia's biggest defence project, amounting to AUD 368 million and the submarine programme and Australia will pay nearly USD 4.6 billion to support Britain in the design and production of the submarines. Minister Marles highlighted that "it is a bilateral treaty which sits under the trilateral Aukus framework.”

China: Annual World Artificial Intelligence Conference convenes in Shanghai
On 26 July, three day World AI Conference & High-level Meeting on Global AI Governance kickstarted in Beijing under the theme "Global Solidarity in the AI Era."  In the backdrop of this event, China's Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a global action plan for artificial intelligence. In the conference, Premier Li Qiang stated that global AI governance is fragmented and called for "strengthened coordination to form a global AI governance framework" for broad consensus. He further stated China's willingness to openly share the development experience of AI with all countries' companies, especially in the "Global South." The event brought together industry leaders, policymakers with more than 3,000 AI-related exhibits. Earlier, on 23 July, the US had also released "Winning the AI Race: America's AI Action Plan" with over 90 federal policy plans.

Malaysia: Thousands of people rally in Kuala Lumpur calling for the resignation of PM Anwar
On 26 July, nearly 18,000 Malaysians took to the streets of Kuala Lumpur demanding the resignation of PM Anwar Ibrahim, due to dissatisfaction over rise in living costs and allegations of failing to deliver promised reforms. Most of the protesters wore black, carrying the slogan  "Turun Anwar,”  or "Step Down Anwar" throughout the capital. Critics expressed concerns over new taxes and subsidies, which will potentially increase consumer prices. Former PM Mahathir Mohamad, aged 100, has also joined the rally and accused Anwar of misusing his position to indict. He added, "Those who are innocent are charged, those who have done wrong are let go.” Anwar has repeatedly denied these claims as he recently announced increasing the aid for poor households and a pledge to lower fuel prices.

Thailand-Cambodia conflict: Malaysia proposes ceasefire as tensions escalate for the third day
On 26 July, Reuters reported that tensions between Bangkok and Phnom Penh have continued for the third day, with new escalation points. The clashes occurred in Thailand’s coastal province of Trat and Cambodia’s Pursat Province and also a new front of 100 kilometres along the contested border. Thailand reported the death of seven soldiers, while Cambodia reported the death of five soldiers due to the escalating tensions. Malaysia, as the Chair of ASEAN, has proposed a ceasefire. This proposal received support from Cambodia, and Thailand has agreed in principle. Earlier, Thailand’s ambassador to the United Nations addressed a private Security Council meeting and said that soldiers were injured by newly planted land mines in Thailand, a claim Cambodia has vehemently denied.

26 July: Today in History
26 July 1956: Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalizes the Suez Canal
On July 26, 1956, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Company, ending British and French control over the strategic waterway linking the Mediterranean and Red Seas. Built in 1869 by French engineers, the canal had long served as Europe’s main shipping route for Middle Eastern oil. Nasser’s move came after the US and Britain withdrew support for Egypt’s Aswan High Dam project, reacting to Egypt’s growing ties with the communist Czechoslovakia and Soviet Union. Nasser hoped canal tolls would fund the dam’s construction. In response, Britain, France, and Israel launched a military invasion in October, aiming to regain control and curtail Nasser’s growing influence. However, the US, USSR, and the UN pressure forced their withdrawal by March 1957. Egypt retained the canal, and Nasser emerged as a symbol of Arab nationalism, despite military losses. Israel failed to gain canal access but secured shipping rights in the Straits of Tīrān. Britain and France, lost most of their influence in the region as a result of the episode. A decade later, following the Six Day War and Israel’s occupation of the Sinai peninsula, Egypt again closed the canal, which remained shut for eight years. Reopened in 1975 by President Anwar Sadat, the canal now carries 12–15 per cent of trade worldwide and 30 per cent of global container traffic.

25 July 2025, Friday
The World Today # 55

The War in Gaza: France becomes the first major country in the West willing to recognize the state of Palestine, as China reiterates support towards the "two-state solution" while Israel and the US staunchly condemns it
On 23 July, French President Emmanuel Macron announced that France will officially recognize the state of Palestine at the UN General Assembly in September, set to become the first major Western country to move in the direction. He has also shared the letter sent to Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas on France's recognition of Palestine. Israel has strongly condemned the move, with Defence Minister Israel Katz calling it "a disgrace and surrender to terrorism," while Prime Minister Netanyahu stated that a Palestinian state would be "a launch pad to annihilate Israel." The US also stated that it "strongly rejects," France's plans to recognize Palestine. On 25 July, Chinese Foreign Ministry spokesperson Guo Jiakun stated that the "two-state solution" is the only viable path to resolve the Palestinian question. He stated that China supports the upcoming high-level meeting on implementing the two-state solution. He reiterated China's commitment to "achieve the comprehensive, just, and lasting settlement of the Palestinian question," by working towards a ceasefire and easing the humanitarian crisis in the region.

US-Myanmar Junta: In a surprise move, Washington lifts sanctions on junta allies
On 24 July, the US lifted sanctions on several Myanmar junta allies. The Treasury Department delisted KT Services & Logistics, MCM Group, Suntac Technologies, their owners, and another individual, Tin Latt Min, a close junta associate, without explanation. This comes weeks after Myanmar’s ruling military general, Min Aung Hlaing, praised President Trump’s “strong leadership” and requested lower tariffs and sanctions relief, Reuters reported. In his letter to Trump, Min Aung Hlaing urged tariff cuts from 40 per cent to 10–20 per cent and promised Myanmar would slash levies on US imports. He asked Trump to ease sanctions, stating they “hinder the shared interests and prosperity of both countries.” Myanmar remains a major source of rare earth minerals, strategically vital to the US in its competition with China, which dominates global processing. Human Rights Watch called the move “extremely worrying.” Its Asia advocacy director said in an emailed statement, "The action suggests a major shift is underway in US policy, which had centered on punitive action against Myanmar's military regime, which only four years ago carried out a coup d'etat against a democratically elected government and is implicated in crimes against humanity and genocide."

India and Maldives: Indian PM Narendra Modi meets Maldivian President Mohammed Muizzu, both countries resolve to formulate FTA roadmap
On 25 July, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi visited the Maldives and was received by Maldivian President Mohammed Muizzu and the Maldivian Foreign Minister, Defence Minister, Finance Minister, and the Minister of Homeland Security. Prime Minister Narendra Modi received a 21-gun salute at the ceremonial welcome at the Republic Square in Malé, the capital city of the Maldives. Both leaders held bilateral meetings, agreeing upon the Maldives’ position as an integral partner of India’s Neighbourhood First policy and the MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) vision. Further, both leaders inaugurated a new building of the Ministry of Defence of Maldives and released a stamp to commemorate 60 years of India-Maldives friendship. Additionally, President Muizzu announced that India and Maldives have initiated negotiations for a Free Trade Agreement (FTA), marking “a significant step forward” in strengthening the economic partnership between both countries. Prime Minister Modi is visiting the country at President Muizzu’s invitation and is expected to attend its 60th Independence Day celebrations as the Guest of Honour.

India-UK: PM Modi and PM Starmer sign landmark Free Trade Agreement, with Starmer saying it as a "Raise living standards on both sides"; Modi says it as "a blueprint for our shared responsibility"
On 24 July, calling it a “major win for Britain” that would create thousands of British jobs, UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer praised the India–UK Free Trade Agreement (CETA) in Parliament ahead of its signing. He welcomed Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi at Chequers, the UK Prime Minister’s country residence, where they formally signed the agreement. Under the deal, Britain agreed to grant duty-free access to 99 per cent of Indian exports, while India reduced tariffs on nearly 90 per cent of UK goods, including luxury items such as Scotch whisky, cars, textiles, and medical devices. The agreement is projected to boost bilateral trade by approximately GBP 25.5 billion (USD 34 billion) annually by 2040 and generate nearly GBP 6 billion in investments and new jobs across the UK. The two leaders also discussed deepening cooperation in defence, climate, technology, and education.

The War in Ukraine: Zelensky says Ukraine secures three Patriot systems;  Kremlin says Putin-Zelensky meeting only possible as the final step 
On 25 July, Ukrainian President Zelensky said that Ukraine has received confirmation that they agreed to fund three Patriot missile defence systems 2 from Germany and one from Norway, and seven more in the future, as discussions are underway. In addition to this, President Donald Trump announced that billion-dollar US weapons will go to Ukraine, which includes Patriot missiles. The Patriot systems have been very effective in destroying Russian ballistic missiles aimed at Ukraine’s cities. Zelensky said that production of interceptors has begun and put the "urgent cost" of this effort at USD 6 billion. He added that "They have more manpower, more pressure, greater mobilisation.” Meanwhile, on the diplomatic front, the Kremlin said that President Vladimir Putin and Zelensky could only meet as the final step to concluding a peace agreement, emphasising that groundwork must first be laid by negotiators. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov stated, “Such a meeting must be the final step in the process of developing and agreeing on a certain document.”
 

Today in History
25 July 1907: Korea comes under Japan’s control
On 25 July 1907, the Third Japan-Korea Agreement was published, severely eroding Korea's sovereignty and solidifying Korea as a Japanese colony until the end of World War I in 1945. Japan's colonization of Korea began with Japan's transformation as a modernized power under the Meiji Restoration of 1868, and Korea's simultaneous internal decline under the Joseon Dynasty in the late 19th century. In the 19th century, Chinese, Russian and Japanese forces competed to have Korea under their influence. Japan's victories in the First Sino-Japanese War in 1895, and the Russo-Japanese War facilitated its take over of Korea, eliminating both foreign threats. Earlier, the Elusa Treaty, or Japan-Korea Treaty of 1905 had established Korea as a Japanese protectorate. In 1907, Emperor Gojong of Korea sent three secret emissaries to the Second Hague Peace Conference to appeal the invalidity of the Japanese take over. The mission failed due to Western reluctance to challenge Japan. Japan seized this opportunity to escalate its control, claiming that Gojong’s move was a declaration of war against Japan. In July 1907, Japan forced Gojong to abdicate, installing his son, Sunjong, as a puppet emperor. Korea officially became a Japanese colony in 1910 and remained so until the end of WWI. The extreme acts of cultural erasure and violence suffered by the Korean population under the Japanese colonization left a deep rift between the countries that continue to reflect today.

24 July 2025, Thursday
The World Today # 54

China-EU 25th Summit:
Discussions on Ukraine War & China’s Support for Russia, Trade Imbalances and China’s Manufacturing Overcapacity
On 24 July, President of the European Council António Costa, President of the European Commission Ursula von der Leyen attended the 25th EU-China summit in Beijing. In two separate sessions, they met with China's President Xi Jinping and Premier Li Qiang. The event marked the 50th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations. President Costa said "We are committed to deepening our bilateral partnership and pursuing constructive and stable relations, anchored in respect for the rules-based international order, balanced engagement and reciprocity." Russia's war of aggression, bilateral trade, and cooperation on climate change were the main themes of discussion. The EU urged China not to provide any material support to Russia's military-industrial base and to use its influence for a just and lasting peace in Ukraine. The EU brought out trade imbalances, China's manufacturing overcapacity and subsequent systemic distortions. A joint press statement on Climate change was released. Furthermore, the EU stated its concerns about human rights violated and the state of minority rights in China. China’s President Xi has urged EU leaders to make “the right strategic choice” and enhance cooperation with China for “global stability.” He added that “In the face of accelerating changes not seen in a century and a turbulent international landscape, China and EU leaders must once again demonstrate strategic vision and responsibility, making the right strategic choices that meet the expectations of the people and stand the test of history.”

Thailand-Cambodia border conflict escalates:
Thailand F-16 jet bombs Cambodia's military targets
On 24 July, a Thai F-16 fighter jet bombed Cambodian military targets, as weeks of border disputes escalated into clashes. Both countries have accused each other of starting the clash. Cambodia’s defence ministry said that two bombs were dropped on a road, and it stated that "strongly condemns the reckless and brutal military aggression of the Kingdom of Thailand against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cambodia". The Thai health ministry said that 11 civilians, including a child, and one soldier were killed, and 24 civilians and seven military personnel were wounded. The military of Thailand said that "The Thai Army condemns Cambodia for using weapons to attack civilians in Thailand. Thailand is ready to protect sovereignty and our people from inhumane action." ASEAN chair Malaysia and China urged de-escalation, as Thailand closed its border and evacuated 40,000 civilians from 86 villages.

The War in Ukraine:
Russia and Ukraine launch attacks along the Black Sea coast hours after failed negotiations in Turkey
On 24 July, Russia and Ukraine launched air attacks along the Black Sea coast hours after failed negotiations. On 23 July, Istanbul had hosted direct negotiations between the leaders which considered further prisoner swaps, but no ceasefire agreements were reached. Ukraine's President Zelensky stated that Russia launched 103 drones and four missiles in an overnight strike on Ukraine's Black Sea port of Odesa, a UNESCO world heritage site and the central region of Cherkasy. Ukraine's counterstrikes targeted Russian energy and military sites, hitting an oil base in the resort city of Sochi and Russia's Krasnodar region on the Black Sea.

China, Russia and Ukraine War:
Reuters report says Beijing aids Russian drone production despite sanctions
On 24 July, Reuters revealed that Chinese-made L550E engines were covertly shipped to Russia’s IEMZ Kupol. They were exported under the label “industrial refrigeration units” to evade Western sanctions. These engines powered Russia’s Garpiya‑A1 attack drones used against Ukraine. Despite sanctions targeting drone supplies introduced by the US and EU, Russia boosted Garpiya production from 2,000 units in 2024 to a planned 6,000 in 2025, with over 1,500 delivered by April. The engines, control systems, and navigation components were sourced via a new Chinese firm, Beijing Xichao International Technology and Trade, following earlier sanctions on previous suppliers. Documents showed shipments were routed through front companies to bypass scrutiny. China denied knowledge of such exports and insisted it complies with international law.

Trump and Columbia University:
Columbia University to pay over USD 200 million to resolve Trump administration investigations over alleged antisemitism and DEI policies
On 23 July, Columbia University stated that it will pay over USD 200 million to the United States government under a settlement to resolve pending federal investigations and have a majority of its suspended federal funding restored. This development comes after the Trump administration suspended Columbia University’s funds in March 2025 and weaponised federal funding for other universities as well, arguing that the response of university authorities towards alleged antisemitism and targeting of Jewish and Israeli members of the university communities, in light of pro-Palestinian protests, was ‘insufficient.' It is reported that the agreement mandates Columbia to “undertake a comprehensive review of its international admissions processes and policies,” designate an administrator within 30 days for overseeing the university’s compliance with the agreement, and appoint an additional administrator to investigate acts of antisemitism and provide recommendations. Further, Columbia has also agreed to settle cases initiated by the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission for USD 21 million to preserve its freedom and autonomy “over faculty hiring, admissions, and academic decision-making." Additionally, US Education Secretary Linda McMahon stated that Columbia agreed to initiate disciplinary action against disruptive students and eliminate DEI (diversity, equity, and inclusion) programs.

Today in History
24 July 1911: An American explorer discovers Machu Picchu
Hiram Bingham III discovered Machu Picchu, an ancient Inca city in Peru’s Andes, while seeking Vilcabamba, the last Inca capital. Guided by a Quechua-speaking farmer to the site, named “Old Peak,” Bingham found the city perched above the Urubamba River valley. Likely a palace complex for an Inca ruler, Machu Picchu signifies the Inca Empire’s architectural and cultural peak. Its well-preserved temples, palaces, and agricultural terraces, part of a network of pucaras, tambos, and signal towers, highlight the Incas’ sophisticated engineering and societal organization. The Incas, dominant in South America from the 13th to 16th centuries, fell to Spanish conquest in the 1530s. Bingham’s writings in 1913 popularized the site. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983, it now attracts over a million tourists yearly. In 2008, Peru sued Yale University to recover nearly 40,000 artefacts, including mummies, pottery, and jewellery excavated by Bingham; some were returned, though disputes persist over others held privately. Even today, these pieces can be found in major European museums, such as the British Museum.

Who says what:
Editorials/Opinions from around the world

Editorial, "The threshold for Indian visas for Chinese citizens remains too high," Global Times, 24 July 2025

Liam Denning, "Japan trade deal offers U.S. automakers relief, not new markets," Japan Times, 24 July 2025

Editorial, "Korea–US ties require sincere and balanced engagement," The Korea Times, 24 July 2025

"Volodymyr Zelensky has made a strategic blunder," The Economist, 24 July 2025

Editorial, "The Price of Winning the Trade War," Wall Street Journal, 24 July 2025

Mark L Haas, "The Coming Pax Geriatrica: Ageing Societies and Depopulation Will Lead to Fewer Wars," Foreign Affairs, 24 July 2025

23 July 2025, Wednesday
The World Today # 53

US-Japan trade deal: Tariffs set at 15 per cent for imports from Japan
On 23 July, US President Trump and Japan’s Prime Minister Ishiba announced that both countries have struck a trade deal, which includes USD 550 billion of Japan’s investments in the US and better market access for US goods in Japan, says Trump on Truth Social. The “Japan Investment America Initiative” is expected to improve investment in semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, steel, shipbuilding, critical minerals, energy, autos and AI technologies. Japan will keep current tariffs on US farm goods and import more US rice within its existing tariff-free quota, says Ishiba. The tariffs have been reduced from 27.5 per cent to 15 per cent and Japan’s automobile industry would face the same without any more caps. This reflected in the stock market as the share average of Nikkei, a Japanese automaker, rose to 3.5 per cent, which is a one-year high. The shares of Toyota Motor Corp. went up by 14 per cent and Honda Motor Co.'s by more than 11 per cent.

Chinese automakers surge in Europe: Showcases record growth in market share despite 4.4 per cent decline in overall registrations; Tesla and Stellantis face most decline
On 23 July, data from Jato Dynamics revealed that Chinese automakers in Europe gained record market share despite a 4.4 per cent year-on-year drop to 1.25 million in car registrations. In the first half of 2025, Chinese brands nearly doubled their combined share of the European market to 5.1 per cent and Registrations of Chinese vehicles have increased by 91 per cent with Jaecoo, Omoda, Leapmotor and Xpeng leading the ranks. Tesla has recorded the second biggest decline, falling to 1.6 per cent in contrast to the 2.4 per cent last year. Stellantis experienced the sharpest fall at 15.3 per cent against the 16.7 per cent the previous year. The rapid expansion of Chinese automakers have sparked tensions between EU and China, including EU tariffs on Chinese-made EVs, reported Reuters.

Pakistan: Eight members from Imran Khan’s PTI convicted by anti-terror court for 9 May violence
On 22 July, a Pakistani anti-terrorism court in Lahore sentenced eight senior members of former Prime Minister Imran Khan’s party, Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI), to 10 years in prison over riots that targeted military installations post-Khan’s 2023 arrest. Junior law minister Aqeel Malik stated that the verdict was aligned “with the law and the constitution.” Defence lawyer Burhan Moazzam said they would appeal against this decision. Those sentenced include Yasmin Rashid, Ejaz Chaudhry, Mehmoodur Rashid, and Umar Sarfraz Cheema. However, the court acquitted PTI Vice-Chairman Shah Mehmood Qureshi. Former PM Imran Khan is undergoing judicial proceedings separately on similar charges. The sentences are among a series of trials whereby the government has accused Khan and other PTI leaders of inciting the 9 May 2023, protests during which rioters attacked key military and government buildings, including the General Headquarters (GHQ) of the Pakistan Army in Rawalpindi and the residence of Lahore’s Corps Commander. Former PM Imran Khan remains imprisoned facing multiple cases, including charges of corruption, contempt, and disclosure of official secrets. He was removed from power in a no-confidence vote in 2022.

IAEA and Iran: IAEA technical team to visit Tehran to discuss in Iran-IAEA relations; Nuclear sites remain out-of-bounds
On 23 July, Iran's Deputy Foreign Minister Kazem Gharibabadi stated that a technical team from IAEA will be allowed to visit Tehran in the upcoming weeks to discuss a "new modality" in Iran-IAEA relations. However, they will not be allowed to "go to the (nuclear) sites," he added.

US, Australia and AUKUS: Canberra makes AUD 800 million AUKUS payment amid US review
On 23 July, despite ongoing formal review of the agreement by US President Donald Trump, Australia paid AUD 800 million (USD 525 million) as the second instalment to the United States under the AUKUS nuclear submarine deal. This payment supports nuclear-powered submarine development and will enhance infrastructure and workforce training in Western Australia for submarine maintenance following a AUD 5 billion contribution last year. Defence Minister Richard Marles emphasizes its strategic value, saying, “AUKUS represents a significant increase in Australian capability through nuclear-powered submarines.”

Today in History
23 July 1952: A Coup in Egypt brings an end to monarchy
The Free Officers Movement, led by General Muhammad Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser, launched a military coup that overthrew King Farouk, ending the monarchy in Egypt. Mounting discontent over corruption, inequality, British influence, and Egypt’s humiliating defeat in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War weakened public confidence in the monarchy. The coup was swift and largely bloodless, gaining popular support. In 1953, Egypt was declared a republic with Naguib as president. However, Nasser soon emerged as the dominant leader. He steered Egypt toward Arab nationalism, non-alignment, and land reforms. The revolution became a model for anti-colonial struggles in the Arab world and Africa. It marked a decisive break from colonial-era structures and dynastic rule.

Who says what: Editorials/Opinions from around the world

Una Galani, "Japan trade deal breaks US tariff template," Reuters, 23 July 2025

"China and EU: Choosing cooperation over confrontation in a fragmented world," Global Times, 23 July 2025

"1+1+1>3 – It's time to restore China-Russia-India trilateral cooperation mechanism," Global Times, 23 July 2025

Mallie Prytherch, "US ‘lone wolf’ diplomacy helps China win Asean hearts and minds," South China Morning Post, 23 July 2025

Sun Chenghao, "Why I am hopeful about US-China ties despite Trump’s tariff tangle," South China Morning Post, 23 July 2025

"Xi Jinping is growing more elusive," Straits Times, 23 July 2025

Belén Fernández, "Yes, The New York Times is committing genocidal journalism," Al Jazeera, 23 July 2025

Editorial, "The U.S. Dumps Unesco Again: The U.N. agency is one international outfit the world doesn’t need," Wall Street Journal, 23 July 2025

Christopher S. Chivvis, "How U.S. Forces Should Leave Europe: And Why Trump Should Start the Process Now," Foreign Affairs, 23 July 2025
 

22 July 2025, Tuesday
The World Today # 52

Iran and the E-3: Iran says reimposing international sanctions would complicate nuclear confrontation
On 22 July, Iranian Deputy Foreign Minister, Kazem Gharibabadi, said that reimposing international sanctions on Iran would make the “situation” over its nuclear programme more complicated. This statement comes ahead of Iran’s scheduled meeting on 25 July with European states known as E-3, comprising Britain, France, and Germany. However, Gharibabadi stated that Iran’s effort is aimed at finding common, mutually acceptable solutions “to manage the situation." The three European countries, along with China and Russia, are the remaining parties to the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), from which the United States withdrew in 2018. Further, Gharibabadi questioned Europe and the United States, asking how these countries accuse Iran of not implementing the deal “when they themselves have not done so?”

The US: Golden Dome project expands partnership beyond SpaceX; Pentagon reaches out to Amazon, says Reuters
On 22 July, the Trump administration is expanding to new partners for the construction of the Golden Dome missile defence system following tensions with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk, reported Reuters. Amazon's Project Kuiper has been approached by the Pentagon to assist in the project,  Reuters stated. The "strategic pivot" from SpaceX was reportedly planned even before the fallout between President Trump and Musk, due to "over-reliance on a single partner." SpaceX would still be involved with major activities, includi