The World Today: Top stories of the day
#468, Vol. 2, Nos. 256, 07 November 2026, Saturday
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Konganti

The US-Iran War: Qatar sustains mediation efforts to prevent escalation; US strikes Iran's Qesham islands again
On 07 November, Reuters reported that Qatar Prime Minister Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani had stated Doha’s mediation efforts were continuing to prevent the war between the US and Iran from escalating. Al-Thani further said the US government remained amenable towards an agreement, even after the midterm elections. The PM also expressed confidence that there could be a settlement to the conflict. His remarks came amidst speculation that the US could restart attacks on Iran, following the conclusion of the midterms. Meanwhile, the semi-official Tasnim news agency from Iran informed that Qeshm Island was reportedly struck by two missiles. The report also stated that further details would be revealed once the information was confirmed, with no official information on potential damage. Earlier, the state news agency IRNA had reported that two projectiles struck Qeshm Island’s Suza area. Additionally, reports that the US and Iran had failed to reach an agreement on ending the war were labelled as false and misleading by Qatar’s International Media Office.
(“Qatar says its mediation efforts between US and Iran continue to prevent escalation,” Reuters, 07 November 2026; “Two missiles strike Iran’s Qeshm Island, Tasnim news agency says,” Reuters, 07 November 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Russia launches massive overnight strikes on Kyiv; Prepares delegation for trilateral Peace Talks in Abu Dhabi
On 07 November, Reuters reported that Russia carried out a massive overnight strike on Ukraine, quoting the Russia's Defence Ministry, which suggested that the attacks targeted military-industrial facilities and energy and transport infrastructure in Kyiv and the surrounding region. The ministry claimed that the strikes hit the Northern Bridge, allegedly used to transport military equipment, and the Meridian plant, which it said produces Flamingo cruise missiles, alongside power and industrial facilities. In another announcement, the Kremlin suggested that its delegation for the upcoming trilateral peace talks with the United States and Ukraine in Abu Dhabi on 10 and 11 November would include senior military officials and diplomats, including Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov, alongside chief negotiator Vladimir Medinsky, Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Galuzin and military intelligence chief Igor Kostyukov. The talks, the first such trilateral meeting since February, are aimed at discussing a possible end to the war in Ukraine.
("Russia says it hit targets in and around Kyiv in massive overnight strike," Reuters, 07 November 2026; "Russian diplomats and military officials to join talks with US and Ukraine, Kremlin says," Reuters, 07 November 2026)

Paraguay: President impeached and under house arrest amidst political and financial crisis
On 06 November, Reuters reported that Paraguaya's President Santiago Pena had been impeached and placed under house arrest, following a banking collapse engulfing the country. Vice-President Pedro Alliana was sworn in as the new President of Paraguay, after Pena was removed in a unanimous vote in the Senate. Previously, the Senate had rejected Pena’s resignation, opting to impeach him. The crisis started after the collapse of the digital bank Ueno, freezing out thousands of bank account holders. Several of Paraguaya's government officials were closely linked with the bank, including Pena, who served as a shareholder in Ueno’s holding company. The Paraguaya's interior minister, chief of staff and two advisors were amongst those who resigned. Additionally, an arrest warrant was issued by prosecutors against former central bank chief Carlos Carvallo, who used to head Ueno. Pena faces several impeachment charges, including conflicts of interest, diverted pension funds, participating in an institutional cover-up with the central bank and manipulated regulatory oversight. The former president has refuted the allegations and stated the affair was a regulatory issue. The banking crisis has sparked massive protests in Paraguay. 
(“Paraguay swears in new president as Pena is put under house arrest,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

Pakistan and China: Islamabad’s astronaut to join Beijing’s Shenzhou-24 mission to space station
On 07 November, Reuters reported that a Pakistan-based astronaut will become the first foreign national to visit China's space station, joining the upcoming Shenzhou-24 mission as a payload specialist under Beijing's Belt and Road Initiative cooperation. According to the China Manned Space Agency, the astronaut will perform a short-term in-orbit mission before returning to Earth aboard the Shenzhou-23 spacecraft. While China’s authorities have not officially identified the crew member, Pakistan’s officials confirmed that pilots Zeeshan Ali and Khurram Daud have undergone extensive training at the China Astronaut Research and Training Centre in Beijing. The joint mission marks a milestone for China's space diplomacy, representing the first international collaboration involving foreign astronauts in the history of its crewed space program.
(“Pakistani astronaut to join China space station's Shenzhou-24 mission,” Reuters, 07 November 2026)

The World Tomorrow
The G7: Rubio to visit Paris for G7 foreign ministers’ meeting from 08 to 10 November
On 07 November, Reuters reported that the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is set to travel to Paris from 08 to 10 November for the Group of Seven foreign ministers' meeting, as announced by the State Department. This marks his first international trip following the Republican Party's losses in midterm elections. The diplomatic summit, relocated by France’s authorities from Marseille to Paris at the last minute due to nationwide protests, comes as political shifts in Washington threaten to impose new constraints on the Trump administration's foreign policy. The trip also follows Rubio's dismissal of rumours suggesting he would resign to mount a 2028 presidential campaign, reaffirming his commitment to serve through the end of President Donald Trump's term while preparing to advance US priorities alongside G7 counterparts.
(“Rubio to travel to Paris to meet G7 foreign ministers next week,” Reuters, 07 November 2026)

Today in History
07 November 1917: The Bolsheviks storm the Winter Palace and the seize power in Russia
On 07 November 1917, Bolshevik forces stormed the Winter Palace in Petrograd, arresting members of the Provisional Government and bringing its rule to an end. The takeover marked the dramatic climax of the October Revolution, following months of political instability, economic hardship and growing public dissatisfaction with the government’s decision to continue Russia’s involvement in World War I. Led by Vladimir Lenin, the Bolsheviks, with Leon Trotsky playing a central role in organising the insurrection, seized key locations across the capital before moving against the palace. The largely unopposed takeover paved the way for the establishment of a new Bolshevik government under Lenin and eventually led to the creation of the Soviet Union, transforming Russia's political trajectory and shaping twentieth-century world history.
("Storming of the Winter Palace: A Detailed Summary," History Crunch, 17 August 2026; "The February Revolution," Britannica, 04 November 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#266, 07 November 2026, Saturday
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Priyanka Makhijani, and Sreemaya Nair

Bhutan: Country seeks BTN 1.84 billion in climate funding to address growing disaster-related losses

On 07 November, Kuensel Online reported that Bhutan has submitted a USD 19.48 million (approximately BTN 1.84 billion) proposal to the UNFCCC’s Fund for Responding to Loss and Damage to address the growing costs of climate-induced disasters. The proposal, planned for implementation between 2027 and 2031, focuses on strengthening institutional capacity, relocating 75 vulnerable households in Lunana Gewog and protecting critical infrastructure. Recent disasters include the October 2025 floods and landslides, which affected 29 bridges, while monsoon road restoration costs increased by 112 per cent between 2021-22 and 2024-25. Bhutan has also secured USD 750,000 in technical assistance through the Santiago Network. Ahead of COP31, the country is calling for predictable funding, grants instead of loans and dedicated support for landlocked developing countries. The funding proposal remains subject to approval.

(“Bhutan bears growing cost of climate crisis it did not create,” Kuensel Online, 07 November 2026)

Bangladesh: World Bank approves USD 300 million loan to strengthen Dhaka's primary education 
On 07 November, Dhaka Tribune reported that the World Bank has approved a USD 300 million concessional loan to Bangladesh under its Learning Enhancement and Acceleration in Primary Education (LEAP) programme, targeting 26 million children from pre-primary to Grade 5. The funding will support foundational literacy and numeracy, teacher training, improved school management and remedial instruction for students falling behind. The report highlighted that despite near universal primary school enrolment, around 50 per cent of Bangladeshi children aged 10 cannot read and understand age appropriate text. The programme will also strengthen school accountability and data driven decision making. It is expected to create 843,000 relatively well paid employment opportunities within the government primary education system.
(“World Bank approves $300m loan to improve primary education,” Dhaka Tribune, 07 November 2026)

Myanmar: Cross-border clashes in Karen State injure Thai civilians and heighten tensions along the Thailand border

On 07 November, Mizzima reported that clashes between Myanmar’s military and Karen armed groups near Min Let Pan village in Karen State spilled across the border into Thailand’s Tak province on 29 October, injuring Thai civilians and damaging homes in Mae Sot district. The fighting involved a military operation against the Karen National Union (KNU) and its armed wing, the Karen National Liberation Army (KNLA). Thailand responded by deploying additional troops, firing warning shots into Myanmar and conducting F-16 patrols along its airspace. Authorities also temporarily suspended trade through several informal border crossings. The incident followed a gathering of more than 200 Thai villagers demanding protection from cross-border attacks. According to the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data (ACLED) project, more than 50 spillover incidents from Myanmar have affected four neighbouring countries since the 2021 coup. Analysts warn that continued fighting near southern Myawaddy could lead to further border incidents and military tensions.

(“Thai border villagers sought bomb shelters two days before Myanmar fighting struck their homes,” Mizzima, 07 November 2026)

Afghanistan: Over 700 health facilities shut down in one year amid declining international funding, says UN
On 07 November, Afghanistan International reported that more than 700 health facilities, accounting for 40 per cent of Afghanistan’s primary healthcare centres, had closed between 2025 and 2026 due to cuts in international funding, according to Bruno Lemarquis, the UN Deputy Special Representative for Afghanistan. Speaking at a press briefing in New York on 06 November, Lemarquis stated that humanitarian assistance funding had declined from USD two billion in 2023 to USD 570 million in 2026. He warned that although the number of people requiring assistance was expected to decrease next year, the severity of humanitarian needs could increase by approximately 30 per cent. He also highlighted that 6.7 million Afghans had returned from neighbouring countries, particularly Iran and Pakistan, since 2023, placing additional pressure on public services and the economy. He also stated that restrictions on women, including the ban on Afghan female employees entering UN premises since September 2025, as worsening the humanitarian situation. 
(“700 Health Centres Closed In Afghanistan In One Year, Says UN,” Afghanistan International, 07 November 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#467, Vol. 2, Nos. 255, 06 November 2026, Friday
Advik S Mohan, Lekshmi MK, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

The War in Ukraine: President Putin’s envoy visits US after the midterm setback; "Putin will not attend 2027 G20 summit in UK,” says PM Burnham
On 06 November, Reuters reported that President Putin’s special envoy, Kirill Dmitriev visited Washington to meet US administration officials, marking the first in-person contact between Russian and US officials since the US midterm elections. The Democratic majority, which takes office in January, is expected to push for increased assistance to Ukraine and scrutinise the administration’s decisions on Russia, including sanctions relief and a proposed diesel deal. Dmitriev’s visit also included participation in a White House event hosted by First Lady Melania Trump. It was on a six-day local ceasefire in the Russian-held Ukrainian town of Oleshky, which she helped facilitate. The discussions come ahead of planned US-mediated talks involving Russian and Ukrainian officials in Abu Dhabi on 10-11 November. The Kremlin has also indicated preparations for a possible meeting between President Putin, Trump and Xi Jinping on the sidelines of the APEC summit in Shenzhen on 18-19 November. Meanwhile, Reuters reported on UK’s PM Andy Burnham saying President Putin would not be invited to the 2027 G20 Leaders’ Summit in Manchester, UK. PM Burnham stated that UK sanctions imposed on Putin and other senior Russian officials since 2022 would prevent his attendance. He acknowledged that Russia remains a G20 member and that the formal invitation process involves the wider grouping, but maintained that Putin would not be attending because of the outstanding sanctions. The position contrasts with that of the US, which had indicated in September that it invited Putin to the G20 meeting in Miami in December 2026, offering an opportunity to engage with Trump and other world leaders. Russia continues to retain its membership of the G20 despite Western efforts to isolate it following its 2022 invasion of Ukraine. Traditionally, host countries invite all G20 members to their annual summits. 
(“Trump says he met Putin envoy, sees Ukraine deal soon,” Reuters, 05 November 2026; “Putin will not attend Britain's G20 summit, UK PM Burnham says,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

The US-Iran War: Tehran sends nuclear proposal to Washington via Qatar; Tensions persist in Hormuz
On 06 November, Reuters reported that Iran transmitted a nuclear proposal to the US through Qatar’s mediators while maintaining pressure in the Gulf through ongoing tanker attacks, as diplomatic efforts intensify following the US midterm elections. Tehran declined negotiations or reopening of the Strait of Hormuz until Washington fulfils seven preconditions, including lifting sanctions, unfreezing assets, and paying war reparations. This is while Washington demands nuclear terms be included in baseline talks. The diplomatic manoeuvre comes amid domestic political fallout in Washington over the conflict, which Vice President JD Vance publicly blamed for Republican midterm losses, and warnings from Iran’s leaders, including Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei, against submission.
(“Tankers hit in Hormuz as Iran keeps up pressure after US vote, Reuters,” 06 November 2026; “Iran sent nuclear proposal to the US via Qatar, senior Iranian official tells Reuters,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

China and North Korea: Beijing urges closer strategic coordination in meeting with Pyongyang delegation
On 06 November, Reuters reported that China’s senior official Cai Qi met with a visiting North Korean delegation led by Kim Song Nam in Beijing, urging both countries to deepen strategic communication, enhance coordination, and promote regional peace and stability. Cai emphasised Beijing's commitment to implement the consensus reached by both countries' top leaders, strengthening party-to-party governance ties, and carrying forward traditional bilateral relations. The meeting follows the Chinese Communist Party conclave on internal party discipline and comes shortly after North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un visited the border city of Dandong in late October.
(“Senior Chinese, North Korean officials meet in Beijing, urge closer ties," Reuters, 06 Noveber 2026)

China: Beijing adopts new law regulating Antarctic activities and environmental protection
On 06 November, Reuters reported that China has adopted a new law to strengthen the regulation of its Antarctic research and exploration activities. The legislation aims to encourage scientific exploration while safeguarding China's national activities, assets and other interests in Antarctica. It introduces environmental and safety requirements for Chinese Antarctic research, tourism, shipping and other activities. These activities will require government permission and must comply with specified conditions. The law requires Chinese activities in Antarctica to protect wildlife and vegetation, ensure proper waste disposal, prevent marine pollution and minimise adverse environmental impacts. It also establishes requirements for environmental impact assessments, emergency plans and insurance for proposed Antarctic activities. The legislation will come into force on 01 January 2027. The development comes as China expands its presence in the polar regions, including through scientific research and atmospheric monitoring. China is a signatory to the 1959 Antarctic Treaty, which designates Antarctica as a region for peaceful purposes and scientific cooperation, and the 1991 Madrid Protocol, which prohibits mineral resource activities except scientific research. The new law reflects Beijing's efforts to strengthen its domestic legal framework for Antarctic operations while protecting its interests in the region. 
(“China adopts law on Antarctic activities and environmental protection,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

Nigeria: Military chief decries possibility of ceasefire with insurgent and armed groups
On 06 November, Reuters reported that Nigeria's military spokesperson Major-General Samaila Uba declined the possibility of a ceasefire with the Boko Haram and Islamic ‌ State West Africa Province, insisting that  the operations against insurgent and armed groups would continue. Speaking at an intelligence briefing in Abuja, recent operations were successful in gaining an edge against the armed group, and that considering the success, “we are not relenting.” 
(“Nigeria rules out ceasefire with Islamists, vows sustained military offensive,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#265, 06November 2026, Friday 
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Kathmandu seeks post-flood monetary aid and more from PM Shah’s visit to India, reports The Kathmandu Post

On 06 November, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal’s Prime Minister, Balendra Shah, is to visit India from 22 to 25 November. Shah is scheduled to have delegation-level talks with India’s Prime Minister, Narendra Modi, on 23 November, and an economic assistance package is expected to be announced for Nepal’s post-flood reconstruction. According to The Kathmandu Post, Nepal’s expectations from the trip are USD one billion in concessional loans, USD 500 million in grants, and USD 500 million for reconstruction and rehabilitation for the 26 August Bhotekoshi River flood, a final agreement from India on additional air-entry routes to facilitate international flights to Bhairahawa and Pokhara, the Pancheshwar Multipurpose Project under the 1996 Mahakali Treaty, the boundary disputes involving Kalapani, Limpiyadhura, and Susta and finally the launch of several India-backed projects. Cooperation in energy, roads, railways, transmission lines, and digital connectivity is also to be discussed by both countries.

(“Five key issues on the agenda during Prime Minister Shah’s India visit,” The Kathmandu Post, 06 November 2026) 

Bangladesh: External debt rises to 8.6 per cent to USD 113.4 billion 
On 06 November, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh’s external debt increased 8.6 per cent to USD 113.4 billion in 2025, according to the World Bank’s International Debt Report 2026, reflecting growing dependence on foreign financing. Public and publicly guaranteed debt accounted for USD 89.5 billion, with multilateral creditors, particularly the World Bank (USD 22.6 billion) and Asian Development Bank (USD 17.5 billion), being the largest lenders. Despite rising liabilities, debt remained relatively manageable at 24 per cent of the gross national income (GNI), while debt servicing declined to 16 per cent of exports. However, South Asia’s external debt reached USD 955 billion, amidst rising global borrowing costs. Developing countries collectively faced USD 1.4 trillion in debt service payments, constraining development spending.
(“Word Bank: Bangladesh’s foreign debt surges 8.6% to $113.4bn,” Dhaka Tribune, 06 November 2026)

Myanmar: UN envoy highlights rising displacement and humanitarian needs amid continuing conflict

On 06 November, Mizzima reported that Myanmar’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations, Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun, told an interactive dialogue at UN Headquarters on 04 November that more than four million people are displaced and 16.2 million need humanitarian assistance in the country. The UN’s latest estimates recorded nearly 3.8 million displaced people as of June 2026, while 16.2 million require assistance under its 2026 humanitarian plan. Kyaw Moe Tun attributed the worsening crisis to military airstrikes, violence against civilians and economic collapse. He also highlighted restrictions and blockades imposed by the military regime that obstruct humanitarian access to conflict-affected areas. He urged UN agencies and donors to improve aid delivery and increase funding for the Myanmar Humanitarian Needs and Response Plan, which requires USD 890 million. He further called for humanitarian, development and peace efforts to be addressed together.

(Ambassador Kyaw Moe Tun says more than 4 million are displaced and 16.2 million need aid in Myanmar,” Mizzima, 06 November 2026)

Afghanistan: France’s National Assembly President calls Taliban’s treatment of women “gender apartheid”

On 06 November, Afghanistan International reported that France’s National Assembly President, Yaël Braun-Pivet, took to the social media platform X, formerly Twitter, to state that the women in Taliban-controlled Afghanistan had been systematically excluded from public life and denied their fundamental rights. She has also called the treatment of women by the Taliban gender apartheid and discussed the same with former Afghan minister Nargis Nehan. Additionally, France’s Foreign Minister Jean-Noël Barrot warned that the Taliban’s policies were jeopardising the futures of millions of women and girls, as well as peace and stability and highlighted the restrictions placed on women’s access to education, employment, justice and public life.
(“French parliament speaker calls Taliban’s treatment of women gender apartheid, Afghanistan International, 06 November 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#91, 06 November 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
The US Midterms: Democrats plan wave of AI bills targeting data centres and tech firms
On 06 November, Reuters reported that incoming Democratic lawmakers plan to introduce a flurry of legislation targeting AI and data centres once they assume control of Congress in January. They prioritize consumer protection against skyrocketing data centre electricity tariffs, independent safety testing for new advanced AI products, and clarifying product liability for harmful AI. Democrats, led by presumed Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer and others such as Representative Lori Trahan, have planned to use committee leadership to issue a subpoena to tech executives, step up the oversight of companies such as OpenAI and Anthropic, and even override a presidential veto by including relevant provisions in mandatory spending bills. The push follows rising public anxiety over the risks of AI and declines in tech stocks amid growing capital costs for technology and anxiety over new regulatory obstacles. These were quite different from the Republican efforts to encourage speedy industrialization.
(“Democrats planning flood of AI bills when they take control of Congress,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

Netherlands: Activists breach Microsoft data centre site as protests spread across Europe
On 06 November, Reuters reported that climate activists breached a Microsoft data centre construction site in Amsterdam, marking the start of a two-day wave of international protests targeting the rapid expansion of AI infrastructure. Demonstrators, organised by the ‘Stop Dirty Data Centres' coalition, are scheduled in 16 countries, including Ireland, Denmark and Poland to halt large scale construction until tougher government legislation comes into place. They raised concerns about increased strain on regional power and water supply, increased electricity charges and the strain of any local climate goals. Site owner Pure Data Centres and Microsoft urged “peaceful dialogue,” while European Union Tech Chief Henna Virkkunen recognized the need to balance competitive AI capacity with public issues of grid stability and environmental impacts. The protests come as part of a global resistance to AI development, and are coming on the heels of an immediate stock sell-off of tech stocks due to the worry of closer regulation.
(“Activists breach Microsoft data centre construction site as protests spread in Europe,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

CYBERSECURITY
The US: Washington warns of ongoing cyber threat to industrial refrigeration systems
On 06 November, Reuters reported that federal cybersecurity agencies have issued a joint warning regarding an ongoing cyber threat targeting industrial refrigeration systems, cautioning that any facility reliant on commercial cold storage could be at risk. The alert is the latest among a range of commercial freezer hacks in recent months, including those at US military bases, France’s agricultural and health ministries, and more than a hundred retail stores in Europe. Vulnerabilities in internet-connected controllers for temperature and refrigeration systems are being targeted by hackers, which can introduce risks such as inventory loss, physical fire threats, and system damage. FEDs are advising the owners of industrial cooling control systems to: Disconnect controllers from the public Internet, disconnect them from corporate networks, apply software patches.
(“US warns of 'ongoing cyber threat' to industrial refrigeration systems,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

North Korea: Pyongyang’s elite hacker army emerges as key cyber weapon
On 06 November, Reuters reported that North Korea has built a formidable army of world-class hackers to serve as leader Kim Jong Un's "secret weapon", driving high-profile cyber heists including the record USD 6.3 billion Binance crypto theft. According to the defectors and security analysts Pyongyang has built a decades long talent pipeline with the program's goal of producing about 200 elite middle schoolers each year for their specialised computer science, military cyber and enhanced AI for over a decade. The regime, estimated to have about 8,400 employees for its state-sponsored cyber operations, offers enormous benefits such as having access to rooftops in Pyongyang, hard currency bonuses, excellent social status and more. Bolstered by government support, North Korea's cyber enterprises, such as TraderTraitor, can monitor and harass international giants with ease and automation helped them quickly extend their reach and sophistication despite critical working conditions, strict revenue quotas, and close scrutiny. 
(“North Korea's army of world-class hackers is secret weapon that took down Binance,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

AI & SEMICONDUCTORS
China: Nvidia H200 chips pile up in Hong Kong as Beijing restricts imports
On 06 November, Reuters reported that roughly 600,000 of Nvidia's advanced H200 AI chips are stranded in Hong Kong awaiting shipment to mainland China, as Beijing withholds bulk import approvals to reduce reliance on US technology. Although domestic internet giants including Alibaba, ByteDance, and Tencent require Nvidia's superior computing power to meet surging AI demands, China’s authorities have restricted large-scale entries, favouring indigenous processors for model inference, permitting only limited quantities for training. The bottleneck comes despite Washington easing export rules last year to allow sales to select China-based buyers, leaving major tech firms to secure smaller shipments through intermediaries. Consequently, acute supply constraints have inflated mainland black-market prices, with eight-card H200 servers fetching up to CNY 6 million, three times their value a year ago. However, China’s tech firms increasingly turn to lower-power, export-compliant alternatives.
(“Nvidia chips pile up in Hong Kong as China withholds import approval,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

AI boom makes advanced chip packaging the next semiconductor battleground
On 06 November, Reuters reported that the global AI boom is driving billions of dollars into advanced chip packaging, turning a once-overlooked phase of semiconductor manufacturing into a critical bottleneck for high-performance processors. Advanced packaging connects multiple specialised chips, such as processors and high-bandwidth memory into a single unit, overcoming the physical limitations and rising costs of traditional transistor miniaturisation. While Taiwan's TSMC dominates the high-end Chip-on-Wafer-on-Substrate (CoWoS) market, severe capacity constraints are pushing tech giants like Nvidia and AMD to diversify their supply chains. Nvidia is reportedly funding capacity expansion at ASE Technology's SPIL unit, while rivals like Powertech Technology develop panel-level packaging to reduce waste and boost output. Industry research projects advanced packaging revenue to surpass traditional methods by 2026, with capital spending nearing USD 28 billion, creating rapid growth opportunities for equipment makers like Tokyo Electron and Applied Materials.
(“AI boom turns chip packaging into the next battleground for semiconductors,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

CRITICAL MINERALS
Germany: Merz calls for EU strategic stockpiles of critical raw materials
On 06 November, Reuters reported that Germany’s Chancellor Friedrich Merz stated that Europe must build up strategic stockpiles of critical raw materials at the European Union level to curb its reliance on dominant foreign suppliers. Speaking at an economic conference in Berlin, Merz highlighted that essential components for batteries, electric motors, and advanced semiconductors depend heavily on these inputs. He called for Brussels to coordinate EU-wide reserves alongside efforts to diversify supply lines, boost recycling, and strengthen the circular economy in order to secure the bloc's industrial future. The proposal coincides with recent European Commission initiatives fast-tracking 46 strategic raw material projects to counter market dominance by countries like China.
(“Europe must stockpile critical raw materials, Germany's Merz says,” Reuters, 06 November 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#466, Vol. 2, Nos. 254, 05 November 2026, Thursday
Advik S Mohan, Lekshmi MK, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Samraksha Mukund, and Yesasvi Koganti

Israel: President Herzog proceeds with negotiations to determine next government
On 05 November, Al Jazeera reported that Israel's President Isaac Herzog had accepted the certified results of the parliamentary elections and initiated consultations with political parties to determine the next government. The results weakened Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s position, as his coalition secured 53 seats, while opposition leader Gadi Eisenkot’s bloc won 48 seats, with neither reaching the 61-seat majority required to govern. Arab-led parties achieved a historic gain of 19 seats, making their support crucial to the coalition negotiations. The Ra’am party backed Eisenkot, while the Joint List had yet to announce its position. Meanwhile, Prime Minister Netanyahu and his allies alleged electoral fraud, but Israel’s election commission stated that its investigation found no evidence of irregularities affecting the results. Herzog urged political leaders to accept the outcome, compromise and work towards forming a government, warning that failure to reach an agreement could lead to another election early next year.
("Israel’s Herzog accepts vote results, opens talks on forming a government," Al Jazeera, 05 November 2026)

South Korea: Seoul plans wider naval presence near the Strait of Hormuz 
On 05 November, Reuters reported that South Korea planned to expand the operations of its Cheonghae anti-piracy naval unit to waters near Oman’s Duqm port, approximately 650 km from the Strait of Hormuz. The move comes amid pressure from US President Donald Trump for Seoul to support the US-led war against Iran. The South Korean government will seek parliamentary approval to extend the unit’s Middle East deployment beyond December 2026. The expansion would include deploying a P-8A maritime patrol aircraft and increasing personnel by 75. Currently stationed in the Gulf of Aden, the unit has been operating since 2009 to ensure the safe passage of commercial vessels. South Korea, which sourced around 70 per cent of its oil imports from the Middle East in 2025, reportedly considers the security of regional shipping routes vital to its energy interests. However, President Lee Jae Myung has ruled out deployments that could draw Seoul directly into the conflict.
("South Korea to expand anti-piracy unit operations closer to Strait of Hormuz," Reuters, 05 November 2026)

France: Protestors scuffle with police in Lyon as France prepares for national strike 
On 05 November, Reuters reported that there had been clashes between riot police and protestors in the French city of Lyon. Riot police in Lyon reportedly fired tear gas and charged protestors, who were chanting anti-police slogans. The clashes occurred amidst escalating protests across France over the cost-of-living crisis. A nationwide strike called by trade unions and supported by student groups is to be held on 06 November. The head of the left-wing trade union CGT, Sophie Binet, stated that protests were planned in 260 towns and cities across France. The domestic intelligence service also expects between 500,000 and 700,000 citizens to join the demonstrations outside Paris. Meanwhile, French police have ramped up the security presence after riots and looting were reported at protests last month. Around 70,000 police are expected to be deployed nationwide. Additionally, the France's Education Ministry informed that over 15 per cent of France's teaching staff would join the strike.
(“Police clash with protestors in French city of Lyon,” Reuters, 05 November 2026)

Hong Kong: Pro-democracy activist handed decade-long prison sentence under security law
On 05 November, Reuters reported that Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong was sentenced to 10 years in prison after pleading guilty to colluding with foreign forces under the national security law imposed by Beijing in 2020. Wong, a prominent figure in Hong Kong’s pro-democracy movement, was accused of working with overseas activists and seeking foreign sanctions and other actions against China and Hong Kong authorities. The court described his activities as a serious threat to national security, while taking into account his guilty plea and expression of remorse during sentencing. Wong has been in detention since November 2020 over his involvement in unauthorised anti-government protests in 2019. 
("Hong Kong activist Joshua Wong gets 10 years in jail on national security charge," Reuters, 05 November 2026)

Sweden: Internal border control restored over security situation
On 05 November, Reuters reported that Sweden would reinstate border controls at its internal borders. The Swedish government issued a statement that the controls would be restored for a period of six months, owing to an assessment that there existed a serious threat to public order and internal security. The government further informed there were hostile actors and hybrid threats operating within the Schengen area due to the Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The controls will begin on 12 November and last until 11 May 2027.
(“Sweden reintroduces internal border control, citing security situation,” Reuters, 05 November 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#264, 05 November 2026, Thursday 
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: WTO highlights Kathmandu's weak manufacturing capacity and dependence on limited export markets

On 05 November, The Kathmandu Post reported that the World Trade Organisation’s (WTO) latest Trade Policy Review has identified weak manufacturing capacity, high trade costs and limited export diversification as major constraints on Nepal’s integration into global markets. Manufacturing contributes only 4.9 per cent of Nepal’s GDP, while around 68 per cent of merchandise exports go to India. Although merchandise exports increased from USD 860 million in 2018–19 to USD 1.5 billion in 2023, the country has made limited progress in diversifying its products and markets. The review also highlighted customs delays, infrastructure gaps and a trade deficit equivalent to 24.3 per cent of GDP. It recommended strengthening domestic production, improving trade logistics and expanding value-added exports to improve competitiveness.

(“WTO flags Nepal’s weak manufacturing base and narrow export markets,” The Kathmandu Post, 05 November 2026)

Bhutan: Thimphu's demographic dividend narrows and working age population is to peak in 2031, says the World Bank report
On 04 November, Kuensel reported that Bhutan has approximately five years to maximise the economic benefits of its working age population, which is projected to peak in 2031, before demographic ageing begins to constrain growth, according to a World Bank report. The country is expected to become an ageing society by 2028 and an aged society by 2048, increasing pressure on healthcare, pensions and social protection. Structural labour market challenges include the concentration of salaried employment in government, limited private sector job creation and inadequate financial inclusion. Additionally, one third of women aged 15–24 remain outside employment, education or training due largely to family responsibilities. The World Bank recommends expanding private sector employment, improving market relevant skills, increasing women's workforce participation and strengthening pension and elderly care systems to convert the remaining demographic dividend into sustainable economic growth. 
(“Bhutan's working-age population to peak in 2031, World Bank says,” Kuensel, 04 November 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka rules out issuing travel pass to former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina 
On 05 November, Dhaka Tribune reported that Bangladesh’s State Minister for Foreign Affairs Humaiun Kobir had ruled out issuing an ordinary passport or travel pass to former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, who has been sentenced to death. Speaking to reporters at Hazrat Shahjalal International Airport in Dhaka, Kobir stated that Bangladesh wanted India to hand over Hasina under the existing bilateral extradition treaty. He described her as a fugitive and maintained that she could not be treated as an ordinary traveller. He further stated that a passport was not required to bring her back, as the extradition process should follow established judicial procedures under the Bangladesh–India treaty. Reiterating Dhaka’s position, he said the government was seeking her formal handover by Indian authorities rather than facilitating her return through regular travel arrangements. 
(“Humaiun Kobir: Bangladesh wants Hasina extradited from India,” Dhaka Tribune, 05 November 2026)

Myanmar: Thailand plans diplomatic engagement with military leadership amid border tensions and ASEAN concerns

On 05 November, The Irrawaddy and other regional news agencies reported that Thailand’s Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister, Sihasak Phuangketkeow, is scheduled to visit Myanmar on 12 November, ahead of the ASEAN summit in Manila from 16 to 18 November. The visit aims to understand Myanmar’s position on regional peace efforts and discuss its possible reintegration into ASEAN meetings. Sihasak is expected to meet Myanmar’s Foreign Minister, Tin Maung Swe, with a possible meeting with junta leader Min Aung Hlaing also under consideration. The planned visit comes amid rising tensions along the Thailand-Myanmar border, where clashes between Myanmar’s military and ethnic armed groups have caused property damage and injured Thai civilians. Thailand has urged Myanmar to prevent military operations from affecting its territory and called for de-escalation. Sihasak stated that progress towards reducing violence and promoting dialogue would influence ASEAN’s future engagement with Myanmar.

(“Thai Foreign Minister to Visit Myanmar Ahead of ASEAN Summit,” The Irrawaddy, 05 November 2026)

Sri Lanka: Colombo to acquire four advanced drones from Israel to strengthen its Air Force capabilities 
On 05 November, Daily Mirror reported that Sri Lanka plans to procure four advanced unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) from Israel Aerospace Industries for the Sri Lanka Air Force through an inter governmental agreement. Deputy Minister of Defence Major General Aruna Jayasekara (Retd.) announced the initiative in Parliament, highlighting its role in strengthening the country's maritime surveillance capabilities. The drones are also expected to improve search and rescue operations and disaster response, expanding the Air Force's ability to monitor and respond to emergencies. Parliament is scheduled to approve a supplementary estimate of LKR 4.261 billion to finance the establishment of the UAV system.
(“Sri Lanka to procure four advanced drones from Israel for Air Force,” Daily Mirror, 05 November 2026)

Afghanistan: RSF exposes Taliban intelligence unit that suppresses journalists
On 05 November, Afghanistan International reported that Reporters Without Borders (RSF) had exposed the Taliban intelligence agency's Unit 015, established in 2021 to monitor, intimidate and suppress journalists in Afghanistan. The unit reportedly operates across Kabul and other provinces, conducting arrests, interrogations, torture, media censorship and online propaganda campaigns. Since 2021, 77 journalists have reportedly been arrested and imprisoned, with detention periods ranging from one week to two years. RSF documented more than 20 nationwide directives restricting independent reporting, particularly on women's rights, security incidents and poverty. The unit also reportedly operates anonymous social media accounts and records detainees' forced confessions. Taliban spokesperson Hamdullah Fitrat denied arbitrary detention and mistreatment.
("Taliban Intelligence Operates Special Unit To Suppress Journalists, Says Watchdog Group," Afghanistan International, 05 November 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#465, Vol. 2, Nos. 253, 04 November 2026, Wednesday
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Urja R Kudalkar

The US Midterms: Democrats secure sweeping victory; Wins control of the House of Representatives and the Senate
On 04 November, Reuters and other outlets reported that Democrats won control of both chambers of Congress, the House of Representatives and the Senate, in the decisive mid-term elections. The Democrat campaign focused on the growing cost of living, caused by Trump's tariff policies, the Iran war, and corruption. The party reportedly gained with voters across economic and educational statuses, especially Latino voters in the border counties of Texas and the agricultural towns of Kansas. In contrast, the Republican campaign of focusing on cultural issues such as transgender rights appears to have been ineffective, with polls indicating voters were more focused on economic issues. Trump accepted the election results and indicated a willingness to work with Democrats, although he claimed the elections would have been different if "he was on the ballot." SSRS exit polls conducted on behalf of US media networks stated that half of voters viewed the midterms as a way to rebuke Trump. Additionally, three-quarters of voters surveyed stated they were "angry” or "dissatisfied" with the trajectory of the US. Moreover, 70 per cent of surveyed voters also indicated they wanted Congress to provide greater checks and balances on the president.

The midterms provided several significant victories for Democrats, including in states which have been Republican strongholds for decades. A significant victory was in Texas, where Democrat candidate and State Representative James Talarico defeated his Republican opponent, Attorney General Ken Paxton. Talarico is the first Democrat to win a statewide election in Texas since 1994. Texas also saw a victory for Democrat Gina Hinojosa, who will be the first Latina governor of Texas. Republicans also suffered defeat in Kansas, where the Democrats won a Senate election for the first time in 94 years. Additionally, Democrats were victorious in the Senate election in South Carolina, a state Trump won by 18 points in the presidential election. Other significant victories included Democrat Abdul El- Sayed becoming the first Muslim elected to the Senate, and Democrat Keisha Lance Bottoms being the first Black woman elected governor with her win in Georgia. Additionally, House Minority Leader Hakeem Jeffries is expected to become the first Black Speaker of the House of Representatives. 
(“Democrats take US Congress in sweeping repudiation of Trump,” Reuters, 04 November 2026; “Top takeaways from the US midterm elections,” Reuters, 04 November 2026; “James Talarico becomes first Democrat to win statewide in Texas since 1994,” Reuters, 04 November 2026; “Hakeem Jeffries poised to become speaker of US House of Representatives,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Russia's strikes kill dozens at Ukraine's aid centre, cripple power grid ahead of Abu Dhabi peace talks
On 04 November, Reuters reported that a Russian aerial bombardment of an aid distribution point in Ukraine's southeastern Zaporizhzhia region has killed at least 37 people and left nearly 60 missing, as Moscow intensified nationwide strikes on Ukraine's energy infrastructure ahead of US-brokered peace talks in Abu Dhabi. Ukraine's officials said Russia's forces repeatedly bombed a former school serving as a humanitarian site in the village of Komyshuvakha, while a broader barrage of hundreds of drones and missiles targeted power plants, knocking out electricity across multiple regions, including Kyiv. Russia's Defence Ministry claimed the strikes targeted military units, denying deliberate attacks on civilians. The escalation comes just days after the expiration of a brief, US-facilitated humanitarian truce, prompting Western allies to convene emergency consultations in Europe to discuss security guarantees and urge Moscow to engage in serious ceasefire negotiations.
(“Dozens dead and missing after Russian strike on Ukrainian aid centre, officials say,” Reuters, 04 November 2026; “Russia bombards Ukraine power grid before Abu Dhabi talks; Merz urges Moscow to engage,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

North Korea: Pyongyang launches multiple missiles off east coast 
On 04 November, Reuters reported that North Korea had reportedly fired multiple missiles towards the sea off its east coast. The South Korea's defence ministry informed that the missiles fired from the Sondak coastal region were detected by the South Korean military. It further stated that both South Korean and US governments were monitoring the situation and were ready to respond to any potential provocation. The missile test was the fourth weapons launch by North Korea in a month, and the latest in a series of weapons tests carried out this year. 
(“North Korea fires multiple missiles in fourth weapons launch in a month, Seoul says,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#263, 04 November 2026, Wednesday
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar 

Nepal: India's Foreign Secretary visits Kathmandu on a two-day visit to discuss bilateral ties
 
On 04 November, The Kathmandu Post reported that India’s Foreign Secretary, Vikram Misri, met with his counterpart, Amrit Bahadur Rai, and discussed Nepal’s proposed economic package with India, preparations for Nepal’s Prime Minister Balendra Shah’s planned visit to India and a review of Indian-funded projects in Nepal and potential new areas of cooperation. This marks Misri’s second visit to Kathmandu since he took office as India’s Foreign Secretary in July of 2024. He is also scheduled to meet with Nepal’s Finance Minister Swarnim Wagle and will call on PM Shah on 05 November. Initially, Misri was set to visit Nepal in May, but the trip was postponed due to the reported differences over protocol and the renewed tensions over the Lipulekh boundary dispute and Nepal’s objection to India’s plans to facilitate the Kailash Mansarovar pilgrimage through Lipulekh.
 
(“Misri meets Khanal, discusses Nepal-India ties,” The Kathmandu Post, 04 November 2026)

Bangladesh: Rising global food and fuel prices raise concerns over inflation and food security
On 03 November, Dhaka Tribune reported that rising global food and energy prices could increase inflationary pressures in Bangladesh, an import-dependent economy. The World Bank’s Commodity Markets Outlook projects global commodity prices to rise 23 per cent in 2026, driven by a 32 per cent increase in energy prices, disrupted grain shipments and weather risks linked to El Niño. Food commodity prices are expected to rise by 10 per cent in 2026 and a further 07 per cent in 2027. Rice prices are forecast to increase by 10 per cent and 12 per cent respectively, while wheat prices could rise by 28 per cent in 2026. The report also warned that El Niño could affect Bangladesh’s tea production and quality. Higher fuel and fertiliser costs could further increase agricultural and transportation expenses.
(“Global food, fuel price hike poses concerns for Bangladesh,” Dhaka Tribune, 03 November 2026).

Myanmar: ICJ prepares to deliver judgment on Rohingya genocide allegations

On 04 November, The Irrawaddy reported that the International Court of Justice (ICJ), the United Nations’ highest court, will deliver its judgment on 19 November in the genocide case brought by The Gambia against Myanmar. The case, filed in 2019, concerns allegations that Myanmar’s military violated the 1948 Genocide Convention during its 2017 crackdown on the Rohingya minority in Rakhine State, which forced hundreds of thousands to flee to Bangladesh. Myanmar has denied committing genocide, maintaining that its operations targeted insurgents. In 2020, the ICJ ordered Myanmar to take measures to prevent genocidal acts against the Rohingya and preserve evidence. The forthcoming judgment will determine Myanmar’s legal responsibility under the convention.

(“Top UN Court to Rule November 19 on Myanmar Rohingya Genocide Case,” The Irrawaddy, 04 November 2026)

Sri Lanka: Colombo strengthens bilateral engagements with commonwealth countries 
On 04 November, Daily Mirror reported that Prime Minister Harini Amarasuriya held bilateral discussions with representatives of Rwanda, Jamaica, Uganda and the Maldives, on the sidelines of the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) in Antigua and Barbuda. Talks with Rwanda’s President Paul Kagame focused on expanding economic cooperation, trade and investment. Discussions with Jamaica’s Prime Minister Andrew Holness emphasised people to people ties, with invitations extended to Jamaica for Expo Sri Lanka in January 2027 and the 2028 Commonwealth Women’s Affairs Ministers Meeting. Engagements with Uganda explored technical education, agriculture and investment, while talks with the Maldives focused on strengthening bilateral relations.
(“Harini holds bilateral talks with Rwanda, Jamaica, Uganda and Maldives,” Daily Mirror, 04 November 2026)

Maldives: Government seeks to combine referendum with local council elections
On 04 November, The Edition reported that the government intended to hold a referendum on simultaneous presidential and parliamentary elections alongside the Local Council Election scheduled for 04 April 2027. An official from the Attorney General’s Office said combining the votes would reduce the expenditure involved in conducting a separate referendum. The proposal follows Parliament’s consideration of a constitutional amendment to shorten the current parliamentary term and synchronise presidential and parliamentary elections. Under the Referendum Act, voting must take place between 45 and 90 days after the request is made, with public awareness campaigns conducted within the same period. The official noted that Parliament might only reach a decision when it reconvenes in February, raising concerns over the statutory timeframe. President Dr Mohamed Muizzu has previously said that holding both elections together could save MVR 120 million. Political leaders remain divided over the proposal, with former President Mohamed Nasheed supporting it while Abdulla Yameen and Fayyaz Ismail oppose it.
(“Govt wishes to hold referendum vote along with Local Council Election to combine two elections,” The Edition, 04 November 2026)

Afghanistan: Taliban to Attend UN Climate Summit for Second Time Since Returning to Power
On 03 November, Afghanistan International reported that Taliban representatives had been invited to attend the upcoming United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP31) in Antalya, Türkiye, as observers. Rohullah Amin, head of the climate change department at Afghanistan's National Environmental Protection Agency, confirmed that a Taliban official planned to participate. This marks the group's second attendance at a UN climate summit since returning to power in 2021, following its participation in the 2024 Baku summit. However, the Taliban will not represent Afghanistan in formal negotiations, as its government remains unrecognised by most UN member states. Afghanistan faces severe climate challenges, including droughts, water shortages, extreme heat and flooding. The International Organisation for Migration reported that over 1.6 million Afghans were displaced by climate-related impacts between March and December 2025. Afghanistan International
(“Taliban To Attend UN Climate Summit For Second Time Since Return To Power,” Afghanistan International, 03 November 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#90, 04 November 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti 

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Meta raises USD 15 billion through bond sale to fund AI expansion
On 04 November, Reuters reported Meta  announced that it is raising USD 15 billion through a five-part US dollar bond sale to fund expanding investments in artificial intelligence infrastructure, including data centres, cloud expansion, and computing capacity. The offering features USD 3.25 billion in notes due in 2031 at a 5.85 per cent coupon and USD 3.25 billion due in 2033 at 6.25 per cent. The transaction follows a USD 25 billion bond issue in April and coincides with Meta expanding plans for a potential USD 97.5 billion equity raise to support its projected USD 135 billion to USD 145 billion in capital expenditures this year. Assigned an Aa3 rating by Moody's, the company held total debt of USD 83.67 billion as of late September, reflecting an increasing reliance on corporate debt markets to fund its long-term AI strategy alongside traditional cash reserves.
(“Meta raises $15 billion in five-part US bond sale to fund AI expansion,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

The US: Democratic midterm victories threaten Washington’s data centre expansion boom
On 04 November, Reuters reported Landslide Democratic victories in the US midterm elections have signalled a significant public backlash against data centre expansion, threatening to slow the AI infrastructure boom that has powered domestic economic growth and global stock markets. Key Democratic gubernatorial wins in top data-centre hubs, including Gina Hinojosa in Texas and Keisha Lance Bottoms in Georgia, came after campaigns promising moratoriums on facility construction. Voters rejected the projects over rising utility costs, high energy and water consumption, and minimal local job creation. The political shift triggered a sell-off in semiconductor and AI-related stocks across Asian and European markets, as investors brace for heightened regulatory scrutiny, potential project delays, and financing hurdles. Analysts view the election results as a wake-up call for tech firms, emphasising an urgent need to justify the public utility and social value of data infrastructure to local communities.
(“Trump's midterm drubbing demonstrates the power of data-centre opponents,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

The US: Senate panel schedules hearing for Trump's FCC nominee
On 04 November, Reuters reported the US Senate Commerce Committee has scheduled a 10 November confirmation hearing for Danielle Thumann Severs, President Donald Trump's nominee to the Federal Communications Commission, amid heightened scrutiny over the agency's regulatory actions targeting broadcast networks. Severs, senior counsel to FCC Chair Brendan Carr, was nominated to fill one of two vacant seats on the five-member panel, which currently operates with two Republicans and one Democrat. The hearing comes as Disney sues the FCC to block an unprecedented early license review ordered by Carr for eight company-owned ABC television stations, five years ahead of their scheduled 2028 renewal. Lawmakers are expected to question Severs regarding political balance requirements on federal boards, First Amendment protections for broadcasters following Trump's calls to revoke ABC and NBC licenses, and pending spectrum allocation bids by SpaceX.
(“US Senate panel sets hearing for Trump's FCC pick; ABC TV licenses in focus,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

China: Baidu launches AI simulation platform to accelerate robotaxi development
On 04 November, Reuters reported China's Baidu has launched Apollo World, an AI simulation system designed to generate up to 100,000 kilometers of virtual driving daily to accelerate the training and deployment of its robotaxis. The platform produces real-time camera and lidar data streams, replicating approximately three years of real-world safety testing per day to allow self-driving systems to navigate complex environments without high physical fleet costs. Baidu is integrating the model into its Apollo Go unit, China's largest robotaxi operator as it competes globally against rivals including WeRide, Pony.ai, and Momenta, while traditional automakers like XPeng and Tesla also ramp up autonomous transport initiatives. The asset-light AI training approach comes as developers race to curb high capital expenditures associated with physical fleet expansion while adapting driverless software across varied international markets.
(“China's Baidu launches AI model simulating road environment for robotaxis,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

SEMICONDUCTORS
China: YMTC puts USD 4.6 billion IPO on hold amid market uncertainty
On 04 November, Reuters reported China’s flash-memory manufacturer Yangtze Memory Technologies Co (YMTC) has put its initial public offering on hold due to unfavourable market conditions and tightening regulatory oversight, according to an internal company memo and sources familiar with the matter. Parent entity CCSH Corporation filed in August for a CNY 33-billion listing on Shanghai’s STAR market to fund production expansion and compete against foreign rivals Samsung and SK Hynix. However, the China Securities Regulatory Commission recently issued informal guidance to investment banks to pause major tech listings following severe selloffs in domestic chip and AI stocks. The strategic share placement, originally slated for late October, is now expected to be delayed by several months, likely pushing the IPO into the first half of 2027.
(“Chinese chipmaker YMTC puts IPO on hold as weaker markets weigh, sources say,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

South Korea: SK Hynix's US chip expansion faces hurdle over China export curbs
On 04 November, Reuters reported South Korea’s chipmaker SK Hynix’s plans for a potential USD 45 billion-plus NAND memory plant in Marcy, New York, have hit a administrative stalemate as US officials hold up export licenses needed to expand its manufacturing facility in Dalian, China. SK Hynix and its California-based subsidiary, Solidigm, argue that equipping unused space at the China’s plant to boost revenue and develop advanced NAND technology is crucial to funding their multi-billion-dollar onshore expansion. However, the US Commerce Department has resisted approving American equipment shipments, citing national security policies aimed at curbing tech upgrades in China. The ongoing negotiations highlight a policy dilemma for the Trump administration, which is weighing strict China technology export guardrails against efforts to secure major foreign semiconductor investments in the US before federal tax credits expire at year's end.
(“SK Hynix's New York chip plans hit snag over US restrictions on China, sources say,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

CYBERSECURITY 
European supermarkets unplug fridges after wave of cyberattacks
On 04 November, Reuters reported European supermarkets were rushing to patch system vulnerabilities and disconnect refrigeration units from the internet following a second wave of cyberattacks that forced stores across eight countries to discard vast quantities of spoiled food. The attacks identical to a wave hitting French grocers three weeks prior tampered with thermostat controllers to raise temperatures in store fridges and freezers. Chains such as Sweden's Coop and ICA, Germany's Edeka, and France's Carrefour reported disruptions, primarily affecting decentralised or store-level equipment operating outside central security networks. Software vendor Danfoss and cybersecurity experts advised grocers to immediately isolate vulnerable controllers from public networks. The EU cybersecurity agency ENISA urged coordinated cross-border responses, while the UK's National Cyber Security Centre warned that legacy technology vulnerable to exploitation will drive increasingly frequent operational disruptions across the region's food supply chains.
(“European supermarkets rush to patch vulnerabilities after region-wide fridge hack,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

TECHNOLOGY AND GEOPOLITICS
North Korea: Pyongyang says US talks remain possible but sees no need for dialogue now
On 04 November, Reuters reported Kim Yo Jong, sister of North Korea’s leader Kim Jong Un, stated that while dialogue remains an option for peace, Pyongyang currently sees no need for talks with the US and denied involvement in the USD 6 billion cryptocurrency heist from Binance. In a statement carried by state agency KCNA, she condemned FBI accusations regarding the hack, ongoing US-South Korea’s military exercises, and US denuclearisation demands as evidence of Washington's persistent "hostile policy." The statement dimming prospects for a proposed summit between President Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un came hours before North Korea launched an unidentified projectile off its east coast, underscoring Pyongyang's stance that Washington must drop sanctions and confrontational policies before bilateral negotiations can resume.
(“North Korea says US talks remain an option, but Binance hack accusation shows "hostile policy,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

South Korea: Tesla faces Seoul’s complaint over FSD sales to ineligible vehicles
On 04 November, Reuters reported South Korea’s advocacy group Citizens United for Consumer Sovereignty plans to file a complaint with the Korea Fair Trade Commission accusing Tesla of misleading tens of thousands of local customers by promoting software that cannot legally operate on most of its vehicles sold in the country. The complaint alleges Tesla collected lump-sum payments of KRW 9.043 million for its Full Self-Driving (Supervised) software despite 99 per cent of new Teslas sold in South Korea last year being manufactured in China, where no bilateral vehicle safety agreement exists to permit FSD use. While US -built Teslas meet safety standards recognised under a bilateral free trade agreement, China-made imports lack certification, leaving over 170,000 owners since 2023 unable to utilise the software. The consumer group called on regulators to issue a cease-and-desist order on FSD marketing for incompatible models, impose administrative fines, and refer the matter for state investigation.
(“Tesla misled South Korean customers about automated-driving tech, consumer group alleges,” Reuters, 04 November 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#464, Vol. 2, Nos. 252, 03 November 2026, Tuesday
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Samraksha Mukund

The US-Iran War: US forces strike Iran's Qeshm Island in "defensive" operations
On 03 November, Reuters reported that the US had carried out strikes on Iran’s Qeshm Island in the Strait of Hormuz. US officials described the strikes as “defensive” measures targeting Iranian surface-to-air missile positions allegedly used against American assets, while another official said they “appeared limited” and did not indicate a resumption of major combat operations. Meanwhile, diplomatic efforts to end the conflict remained inconclusive, with Qatar mediating between Washington and Tehran through a revised proposal under review by both sides. Iran rejected Washington’s “excessive demands” and insisted that its conditions, particularly regarding the reopening of the Strait of Hormuz, be met before nuclear negotiations could begin. Tehran threatened forceful retaliation against further US strikes and claimed to have targeted an American MQ-9 drone and two Lucas drones. Regional tensions continued amid Houthi attacks on Saudi infrastructure, ongoing Saudi-Iranian security discussions and disruptions to global energy supplies, with oil prices rising approximately 1.3 per cent.
("Iran-US deal still out of reach despite diplomatic push, Iranian official says," Reuters, 03 November 2026 and "US carries out 'defensive' strikes on Iran's Qeshm Island, officials say," Reuters, 03 November 2026.)

The War in Ukraine: Russia informs of trilateral peace talks with Ukraine and US; Moscow targets energy infrastructure
On 03 November, Reuters reported that Russia's government had confirmed it would hold trilateral peace talks next week with Ukraine and the US on ending the war. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov said that Vladimir Medinsky, an aide to Russia's President Vladimir Putin, would serve as the chief Russia's negotiator at the meeting. Meanwhile, Russia launched a wave of airstrikes on Ukrainian energy infrastructure. Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy said that Moscow had launched 289 drones, 17 ballistic missiles and 59 cruise missiles, targeting power plants and substations. Zelenskyy stated that the Russian airstrikes were timed to coincide with the US midterm elections. It was informed by Ukraine's officials that power outages had occurred across Kyiv and six other regions. Additionally, three of the five thermal power plants operated by private energy generating company DTEK were knocked offline, and railways were also targeted. According to Russian officials, Ukraine had launched an overnight drone attack on the city of Yaroslavl, which set fire to an oil refinery. 
(“Kremlin confirms trilateral Ukraine peace talks in Abu Dhabi next week,” Reuters, 03 November 2026, “Russian strikes knock out power to swathes of Ukraine; Kyiv hits Russian refinery,” Reuters, 03 November 2026)

China and Russia: Beijing calls for stronger military ties and strategic trust
On 03 November, Reuters reported that China had called for closer military cooperation with Russia, with Zhang Shengmin, Vice Chair of China’s Central Military Commission, urging stronger strategic communication and mutual trust in the defence sector during talks with Russia's Defence Minister Andrei Belousov in Beijing. Vice Chair Zhang reportedly stressed the need to expand bilateral cooperation to protect both countries’ sovereignty, security and development interests, while contributing to regional and international stability. He also described China-Russia relations as entering a new phase of accelerated development and deeper cooperation. The meeting marked Zhang’s first publicly reported engagement with a foreign defence minister since his promotion to the Chinese Communist Party’s Politburo the previous week, reflecting the continued strengthening of military and strategic ties between Beijing and Moscow.
("China military vice chair meets Russian defence minister in Beijing," Reuters, 03 November 2026.)

Sudan and Ethiopia: Drone attack allegations from Khartoum worsen tense relationship
On 03 November, Al Jazeera reported that the recent allegation by Sudan that Ethiopia was responsible for drone attacks threatened to worsen already tense diplomatic ties. Sudan had officially lodged complaints with the UNSC and the African Union's Peace and Security Council that the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) paramilitary forces had carried out attacks on Ethiopia's civilian sites from Sudanese territory. The Sudanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs released a report alongside military intelligence which claimed that 70 attacks involving 187 one-way attack drones were launched from Ethiopia's territory between February and October. According to the Sudanese government, Ethiopia is actively aiding the RSF. On the other hand, the Ethiopia's government rejects the claim and has alleged that Sudan supports the Tigray People's Liberation Front. Another key point of contention is the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile River by Addis Ababa. The Sudanese perspective is that the GERD threatens its national security. However, a professor of African studies and conflict resolution expert, Badr Hassan Al-Shafei, provided his perspective that fears of a mutually harmful escalation would prevent a large- scale war.
(“Deadly RSF drone attacks reveal deep divisions between Sudan and Ethiopia,” Al Jazeera, 03 November 2026)

Today in History
03 November 1957: Soviets launch Sputnik 2 satellite, with the first living being to orbit Earth
On 03 November 1957, the Soviet spaceflight programme’s artificial satellite Sputnik 2 was launched. The satellite carries a canine names the Laika, the first living creature to be launched into Earth orbit. Before the launch, Laika was trained for life aboard the satellite by adjusting to smaller living spaces. Her food habits were changed to suit an environment of weightlessness, and she was taught to be accustomed to changes in gravity. It was implied through Soviet accounts that she was euthanised with poisoned food before her oxygen supply in the satellite ran out, sparking global sympathy. However, it was revealed decades afterwards by Russian scientist Dimitri Malashenkov that Laika actually died of overheating and panic.
(“Laika,” Britannica, 30 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#262, 03 November 2026, Tuesday
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar

Nepal: Kathmandu and New Delhi advance discussions to strengthen border-security and intelligence sharing
On 03 November, The Kathmandu Post reported that Nepal and India agreed to strengthen border security and intelligence-sharing during the 10th deputy inspector general-level coordination meeting between Nepal’s Armed Police Force (APF) and India’s Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB), held in Lumbini. Both sides agreed to coordinate efforts against human trafficking, drug trafficking, counterfeit currency and smuggling. They also discussed joint patrols along the no-man’s-land, preventing the illegal entry of third-country nationals and maintaining border pillars. The meeting further proposed greater information-sharing at the brigade level and the use of digital border management systems. Both countries also reviewed the implementation of decisions taken at their previous meeting and discussed future cooperation.

(“Nepal and India agree to step up cooperation on border security,” The Kathmandu Post, 03 November 2026)

Bangladesh: World Bank warns Dhaka to capitalise on its demographic dividend before population ages
On 03 November, Dhaka Tribune reported on a new World Bank report titled “Demographic Change in South Asia: From Tailwinds to Headwinds for Development” which warns that Bangladesh has approximately two decades to capitalise on its demographic dividend before its working age population share peaks in 2045. Across South Asia, the working age population of 1.17 billion is projected to peak within the next decade, with 14 per cent of the region’s population expected to be aged 65 and above by 2049. Bangladesh’s demographic advantage remains constrained by limited formal job creation, low female labour force participation and skills gaps. Around 84 per cent of its workforce, or 58 million people, is informally employed, including 44 per cent of university graduates. The World Bank recommends improving employment opportunities, expanding financing for small businesses, strengthening education and healthcare, and increasing women's workforce participation. It also urges governments to develop pension systems, long term care and social protection to prepare for ageing populations and sustain long term economic productivity.
(“World Bank: Bangladesh has two more decades to harness demographic dividend,” Dhaka Tribune, 03 November 2026)

Myanmar: China’s Belt and Road plans advance through border areas controlled by ethnic armed groups

On 03 November, The Irrawaddy reported that China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) projects in Myanmar’s northern Shan State were gaining momentum through infrastructure developments in territories controlled by ethnic armed organisations. The Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA) opened a new border trade gate at Chinshwehaw in early October, while the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) is upgrading the Nongdao crossing in Namkham Township. These developments are linked to China’s China–Myanmar Economic Corridor (CMEC), which aims to connect Yunnan Province with Myanmar’s Kyaukphyu Port on the Bay of Bengal. Planned infrastructure includes bridges, highways, industrial zones and trade facilities. The developments indicate that China may increasingly work with armed groups controlling strategic border areas to protect its trade and connectivity interests. This could reduce the Myanmar military government’s control over border trade and major infrastructure projects, while increasing China’s engagement with non-state authorities.

(“China’s BRI Plans Take Shape in Myanmar’s Rebel-Held Borderlands,” The Irrawaddy, 03 November 2026)

Sri Lanka: Debt vulnerabilities increase amidst shifting global financial order
On 03 November, The Island reported that Sri Lanka faces mounting external financing pressures as foreign reserves stood at USD 6.851 billion in September 2026, below the government’s December target of USD 8 billion. A negative current account, rising imports, annual foreign debt repayments exceeding USD 5 billion and insufficient remittance inflows are adding to the strain. The situation coincides with global financial uncertainty, rising US Treasury yields, de-dollarisation efforts by BRICS economies and energy market volatility. Sri Lanka’s decision to remain outside the BRICS summit has also raised questions about its external economic engagement and continued reliance on dollar denominated financing.
(“Sri Lanka’s debt trap and shifting global order,” The Island, 03 November 2026)

Afghanistan: French government accused of normalising diplomatic engagement with Taliban
On 03 November, Afghanistan International reported that France's talks with the Taliban government over returning some Afghan migrants without legal residency have drawn criticism from several members of parliament. The French government has been accused of taking the first steps towards normalising diplomatic engagement with the Taliban. France's foreign ministry said that the return of these individuals would be carried out in accordance with France's international obligations and was of great importance to ensure the safety of French citizens. The ministry also reiterated that asylum seekers and women are not to be returned to Afghanistan. France is one of the many European countries that have begun talks to arrange the deportation of Afghan nationals without valid documents and those deemed a threat to public security.
("France In Talks With Taliban Over Deporting Afghans, Says Interior Minister," Afghanistan International, 03 November 2026)

The World Today: Top stories of the day
#463, Vol. 2, Nos. 251, 02 November 2026, Monday
Advik S Mohan, Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, and Samraksha Mukund

The US-Iran War: Iran not involved in mediations in Doha; Strait of Hormuz to be opened within two days of reaching a favourable agreement, states Araqchi
On 02 November, Reuters reported that Iran’s negotiators were not involved in talks with Qatar’s mediators on ending the ongoing conflict with the US. The information was conveyed by an official with knowledge of the matter, who also stated a draft proposal was being circulated, with a follow-up meeting possible. According to the official, there were no difficulties involved in the negotiations, although no further details were provided. Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson Esmaeil Baghaei stated that the talks were based upon a seven-step plan by Iran which involved reopening the Strait of Hormuz and the US naval blockade on Iran. According to Baghaei, there could be no final agreement unless Iran’s demands and legitimate requirements were addressed. Earlier, Al Jazeera had quoted Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi as stating that the Strait of Hormuz could be reopened within two days if a deal was agreed upon. Further, China’s Foreign Minister Wang Yi insisted on finding a political solution to the conflict, rather than war. Wang made the remarks during a meeting with the deputy secretary of the Iran Supreme National Security Council, Ali Bagheri Kani. He further affirmed Chinese support for Iran in protecting its sovereignty and security.
(“Iranians have left Doha talks, draft proposal for US deal being circulated, official says,” Reuters, 02 November 2026; “Iran, Qatari mediators hold third day of talks to end US-Iran war,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Israel and Somalia: Israel's first ambassador to Somaliland assumes office
On 02 November, Africanews reported that Israel’s first ambassador to Somaliland, Michael Lotem, had officially presented his credentials to Somaliland President Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, who described the occasion as historic. This comes after Israel became the first UN member state to recognise Somaliland as an independent country in December last year. Lotem stated that the recognition was an acknowledgement of what Somaliland had built over the past 35 years since declaring independence. Somalia, the African Union, the Arab League and the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation had previously criticised Israel’s decision. Somali President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud had alleged Israel wished for a naval base in Somaliland to gain access to the Red Sea. 
(“Israel’s first ambassador presents credentials in Somaliland,” Africanews, 02 November 2026)

The US Midterms: Department of Justice's seeks to invalidate nearly 20,000 mail-in ballots over suspicions of non-citizenship
On 02 November, Reuters reported that President Trump’s Justice Department has taken a more direct role in election-related disputes ahead of the midterm elections. This is reportedly a departure from the longstanding practices intended to keep federal law enforcement separate from partisan political contests. In California, the department sought to invalidate mail-in ballots cast by approximately 20,000 voters suspected of being non-US citizens, while also requesting records as part of a related criminal investigation. In Alaska, it filed a lawsuit seeking to halt election certification if Republican Senator Dan Sullivan narrowly lost, citing possible voter confusion involving a rival candidate with the same name. Federal courts have dismissed the lawsuits involving both states, although the department has appealed the Alaska ruling. Reuters also reported that the department has reduced the size of its Public Integrity Section and removed requirements for prosecutors to consult the unit on election-related investigations. Attorney General Todd Blanche defended the actions, saying they were intended to enforce federal law and protect election integrity.
("Trump Justice Dept breaks with tradition to intervene in midterms," Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Uganda and Somalia: Kampala reportedly withdrawing troops from Mogadishu
On 02 November, Reuters reported that Uganda has begun withdrawing troops deployed in Somalia under a bilateral security arrangement, with the first group of soldiers already returning home. Uganda People’s Defence Forces spokesperson Chris Magezi said the withdrawal would take place immediately and gradually extend to all Ugandan forces in Somalia, including those serving under the African Union Support and Stabilisation Mission in Somalia (AUSSOM), by the end of 2027. Uganda currently has approximately 4,500 troops deployed under AUSSOM, although the number serving under the separate bilateral arrangement remains unclear. The mission has warned that the withdrawal could expose parts of the Lower Shabelle region to attacks by al-Shabaab. Somali State Minister for Foreign Affairs Ali Omar cautioned that a sudden departure could create security challenges. 
("Uganda says it has started withdrawing troops from Somalia," Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Afghanistan and the US: Kabul asks Washington to act responsibly on immigrant deportation 
On 02 November, Reuters reported that the Afghan Taliban government urged the United States to ensure the responsible deportation of Afghan immigrants to Afghanistan, while expressing willingness to engage constructively with Washington on the matter. The statement followed reports that the Trump administration planned to deport more than 150 Afghans. Reuters reported that operations were likely to take place via Pakistan due to the lack of diplomatic relations. Kabul also reportedly cautioned against using citizens of other countries as bargaining tools in exchange for temporary concessions or other considerations. The development comes amid strained relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan, with Islamabad accusing Kabul of harbouring militants responsible for cross-border attacks. The Taliban administration has denied the allegations. 
("Afghanistan asks US to act responsibly on deporting Afghan immigrants back home," Reuters, 02 November 2026)

The War in Ukraine: Kyiv and Moscow say ceasefire used for rearmament amidst hacking accusations
On 02 November, Reuters reported that the Ukrainian General Staff had stated Russia used the ceasefire in the town of Oleshky to bolster its military positions. The General Staff informed it recorded rotations of Russian units, fortification of positions, expansion of anti-drone measures along roads and increased logistics activities such as ammunition deliveries. Kremlin spokesperson Dmitry Peskov responded that Moscow was under the impression Ukrainian forces had regrouped during the ceasefire. He stated he was unaware of any specific details about Russian military activities. Both Ukraine and Russia also informed that their emergency alert apps had been hacked overnight. The Ukrainian public air raid app sent false alerts cautioning about radiation, chemical attacks and street combat occurring in Kyiv and other areas. Another false alarm warned that a nuclear alert had been declared across Ukraine. The Ukrainian air force issued a statement that the alerts were broadcast in Russian, indicating that Moscow was behind the hack. Meanwhile, the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations informed that its mobile app was targeted by a cyberattack which spread fake alarms. A pro-Ukrainian hacking group named Atesh posted a screenshot on its Telegram channel, informing about the hack. A false message stated nuclear warheads had been launched against all Russian regions, and advised citizens to stock up. The emergency ministry stated that the hack had only targeted a supplementary source of information. 
(“Ukraine says Russia used Oleshky ceasefire to rearm, Moscow assumes Kyiv did the same,” Reuters, 02 November 2026; “Ukraine and Russia say emergency alert apps were hit by hacks,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Today in History
02 November 1917: Balfour Declaration declaration proclaims British support for Jewish homeland in Palestine
On 02 November 1917, British Foreign Secretary Arthur Balfour wrote a letter to a prominent leader of the Anglo-Jewish community, Lionel Walter Rothschild, in which British support was expressed for the creation of a “homeland for the Jewish people” in Palestine. The declaration was driven by multiple causes, including genuine belief amongst the British government in the righteousness of establishing a Jewish homeland, and a wish to gain Jewish support for the Allies in World War I. The British government also held the view that the creation of a Jewish state would help in cementing post-war British control of Palestine. The Balfour Declaration helped Britain gain the mandate over Palestine after the end of the war. It also increased Arab resentment over being denied self-government in the region.
(“Balfour Declaration,” History.com, 14 December 2017; “Balfour Declaration,” Britannica, 26 October 2026)

The Indian Neighbourhood Today
#261, 02 November 2026, Monday
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Sreemaya Nair, and Urja R Kudalkar 

Nepal: Sharp decline in extreme poverty masks widespread economic vulnerability, notes the Kathmandu Post
On 02 November, The Kathmandu Post reported that extreme poverty in Nepal had fallen to 2.4 per cent of the population in 2022, compared with nearly three-quarters in 1995, according to the World Bank’s October 2026 Poverty and Equity Brief. However, 52.7 per cent of Nepalis still lived below the international poverty threshold of USD 8.30 per person per day, while the country’s national poverty measure placed around one in five people below the poverty line. The World Bank noted that political uncertainty, economic shocks and climate-related disasters could reverse some of the progress. The August 2026 Bhotekoshi floods, for instance, threaten livelihoods in areas where agriculture accounts for 63 per cent of economic activity. The report highlights the need to reduce inequality and strengthen resilience to sustain poverty reduction gains.
(“Extreme poverty has nearly disappeared in Nepal, but half remain economically vulnerable,” The Kathmandu Post, 02 November 2026)

Bhutan: Hundred-and-eight Buddhist stupas constructed in a single day at Gelephu
On 02 November, Bhutan Daily reported that more than 40,000 volunteers participated in constructing 108 Buddhist stupas in a single day at Gelephu. The 15 metre tall sacred structures were installed along 12 kilometres of riverbank near the Indian border, at the site of the proposed Gelephu Mindfulness City. Around 200,000 people attended the ceremony, which marked the completion of the project. The date coincided with Lhabab Duechhen, the Buddhist Descending Day, and the 18th anniversary of King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck’s coronation rites, with the King announcing the project on 21 February 2026. Bhutan’s King Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck expressed gratitude to the volunteers, noting that he had initially been concerned about whether all 108 stupas could be completed in a single day. The number 108 holds religious significance in Buddhism, which is widely practised in Bhutan. The construction forms part of the broader development of Gelephu Mindfulness City, an initiative intended to promote economic growth and encourage young Bhutanese to remain in the country.
(“Bhutan Successfully Raised 108 Chortens in Gelephu on a Single Day of Buddhist and Royal Significance,” Bhutan Daily, 02 November 2026)

Bangladesh: Dhaka and Islamabad discuss establishing parliamentary friendship groups, delegation exchanges and training opportunities
On 01 November, Dhaka Tribune reported that Pakistan’s High Commissioner to Bangladesh, Imran Haider, paid a courtesy call on Speaker Hafiz Uddin Ahmad at the National Parliament. During the meeting, the speaker thanked Pakistan for supporting Barrister Jahrat Adib Chowdhury, chairman of the Parliamentary Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, as a member of the Inter-Parliamentary Union’s Executive Committee at its 153rd Assembly in Tanzania. Both sides emphasised the importance of establishing parliamentary friendship groups between Bangladesh and Pakistan and exchanging visits by parliamentary delegations. They also discussed training opportunities for officials and employees of the Bangladesh Parliament Secretariat at Pakistan’s legislature, Majlis-e-Shoora. The Speaker invited the High Commissioner to observe the upcoming parliamentary session, scheduled to begin on 09 November. Hafiz Uddin Ahmad is also scheduled to visit Pakistan on 23 November at the invitation of the Speaker of the Pakistani Parliament.
("Pakistani High Commissioner meets Speaker Hafiz Uddin Ahmad," Dhaka Tribune, 01 November 2026)

Myanmar: China relaxes border trade restrictions in areas controlled by ethnic armed groups
On 02 November, The Irrawaddy reported that China had eased restrictions on the movement of essential goods into Myanmar’s border areas controlled by ethnic armed organisations, including the Myanmar National Democratic Alliance Army (MNDAA), the Ta’ang National Liberation Army (TNLA) and Kachin forces. The relaxation allows previously restricted goods such as fuel, construction materials, medicines and machinery to enter through selected crossings. At the Kyin San Kyawt border gate in Muse, traders can now import goods that were previously prohibited. However, trade through the TNLA-controlled Namhkam crossing remains limited to food and household items. The reopening could ease shortages and improve living conditions in border communities. Meanwhile, Myanmar’s military regime has expressed concern that armed groups are collecting taxes on these imports, generating revenue for their operations. Restrictions and checkpoints along routes further inland continue to increase transport costs and consumer prices.
(“China Reopens Trade Through Border Crossings Controlled by Armed Groups,” The Irrawaddy, 02 November 2026)

Sri Lanka Opinion: Ahilan Kadirgamar, “Caste Oppression and Struggles in Jaffna,” Daily Mirror, 02 November 2026
“Sixty years ago in October 1966, a tremendous movement in Jaffna defeated untouchability. That powerful anti-caste struggle and its legacy of mobilisation, and the eventual emergence of co-operatives for the oppressed caste toddy tappers, have many lessons for the role of youth and social change. Devastated by close to three decades of armed conflict, and a hopeless recovery spanning over a decade and a half, what are the possibilities for social transformation in Jaffna today? I return here to the conjuncture in the 1960s to think about how economic and political changes brought a major shift in caste relations, and consider strategies to address caste oppression and exclusion in Jaffna society today.”

Maldives: Delegation joins 53rd Universal Periodic Review session in Geneva
On 02 November, MMTV reported that the Maldives is taking part in the 53rd session of the UN Human Rights Council’s Universal Periodic Review Working Group in Geneva, where it will provide recommendations to 14 countries under review. The session runs from 02 to 13 November, with the delegation led by Ambassador Dr Salma Rasheed. The countries under review include Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Thailand, and the United States. The session forms part of the fourth UPR cycle, which began in November 2022 and concludes in 2027.
(“Maldives joins 53rd UPR Working Group in Geneva,” MMTV, 02 November 2026)

Afghanistan: RSF ranks Taliban leadership high in '2026 Press Freedom Predators List''; Kabul ranks 175th in Press Freedom Index
On 02 November, Afghanistan International reported that Reporters Without Borders (RSF) named Taliban Supreme Leader Hibatullah Akhundzada and US President Donald Trump among 33 individuals and organisations accused of restricting press freedom in 2026. RSF's '2026 Press Freedom Predators List' categorises alleged restrictions under political, security, judicial, economic and social factors. Other figures include Russia's President, Vladimir Putin, Israel's Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, China's President, Xi Jinping, and Argentina's President, Javier Milei. Organisations such as the Adani Group, Meta, Alphabet and OpIndia were also included. RSF highlighted journalist killings, imprisonment, censorship, legal harassment, economic pressure and attacks on media credibility. The report also noted that Afghanistan ranks 175th in the World Press Freedom Index, while China has the highest number of imprisoned journalists globally.
("RSF Names Trump & Taliban Leader Among Those Restricting Press Freedom," Afghanistan International, 02 November 2026)

Emerging Technologies and Critical Minerals
#89, 02 November 2026
Lekshmi MK and Yesasvi Koganti 

CRITICAL MINERALS
The Indo-Pacific Quad: Foreign ministers pledge resilient supply chains, condemn economic coercion
On 02 November, Reuters reported that foreign ministers from the Indo-Pacific Quad, comprising the US, Japan, India, and Australia, pledged to build secure, resilient global supply chains. They strongly condemned economic coercion and non-market export restrictions targeting critical industries. Meeting in Atlanta ahead of the G20 talks, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Japan’s Foreign Minister Toshimitsu Motegi, India’s External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar, and Australia’s Foreign Minister Penny Wong targeted arbitrary export curbs on critical minerals and rare earth elements without directly naming China. The ministers warned against non-market policies causing overcapacity and supply chain disruptions, while committing over USD 85 million to support trusted AI technologies in the Indo-Pacific and launching an initiative to map vulnerabilities in semiconductor supply networks. Additionally, the Quad emphasised the vital necessity of preserving freedom of navigation across key maritime choke points, including the Red Sea, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Bab el-Mandeb Strait, ahead of a planned Quad leaders' summit in Manila.
(“Indo-Pacific Quad ministers work on supply chains, denounce arbitrary export restrictions,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE 
Australia: Data centre project scraps 2028 start date after regulatory delays
On 02 November, Reuters reported that Australia-based startup Energy North has scrapped its targeted June 2028 start date for a proposed 1-gigawatt gas and solar-powered data centre in the Northern Territory following regulatory delays, marking a setback to the country's AI infrastructure ambitions. The Northern Territory Environment Protection Agency suspended its decision deadline to consult with federal policymakers who are framing national AI and data centre regulations. Environmental regulators expressed low confidence in proposed measures to mitigate risks to water systems and Indigenous sacred sites on the planned 191-square-kilometre site.
(“Australian outback data centre pulls timeline after regulator stalls,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Japan: Anthropic plans USD 3.5 billion share sale to Japanese investors in US IPO
On 02 November, Reuters reported that Anthropic plans to sell up to JPY 552.9 billion worth of shares to Japanese investors as part of its upcoming initial public offering in the US. The funds raised from Japan’s share tranche will be allocated towards working capital, operating expenses, and capital expenditure. While the filing did not disclose the total IPO size or final target valuation, previous reports indicate investors have discussed a potential valuation of around USD 1.5 trillion for the AI firm. Japan’s allocation highlights strong international demand, recalling SpaceX's record IPO in June, where investors in Japan secured USD 2.2 billion of the USD 75 billion raised.
(“Anthropic plans to sell $3.5 billion of shares to Japan investors in IPO, filing shows,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

CYBERSECURITY
Russia: Cyberattack disrupts emergencies ministry's mobile app
On 02 November, Reuters reported that a massive cyberattack hit the mobile application of Russia's emergencies ministry, causing the system to broadcast false information to the public, state news agency TASS reported. The ministry confirmed the security breach and stated that technical teams are actively working to restore normal operations for the app. No details were provided regarding the exact origin of the attack or the specific content of the dispatches sent to users.
(“Russian emergencies ministry's mobile app hit by cyberattack, TASS says,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

Europe: Cyberattack disrupts supermarket refrigeration systems across four countries
On 02 November, Reuters reported that a widespread cyberattack targeting commercial refrigeration systems led to overnight disruption of supermarket operations across Belgium, Luxembourg, Sweden, and Estonia, according to retailers and cybersecurity officials. Chains including Ahold Delhaize, Spar, ICA, and Coop reported temperature spikes in store fridges and freezers after remote cooling units were manipulated and forced into defrost mode, with some set as high as 50 degrees Celsius. The coordinated disruptions follow a similar incident in France last month that caused significant food losses and fires. National cybersecurity authorities are investigating the breaches, though no group has claimed responsibility.
(“European supermarkets hit by new fridge cyber attack,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

CRYPTOCURRENCY
Binance sees USD 4.7 billion in net outflows after USD 6.3 billion hack
On 02 November, Reuters reported that Binance customers have withdrawn a net USD 4.72 billion following the reopening of the world's largest cryptocurrency exchange after a North Korea-linked hack resulted in USD 6.3 billion stolen, in what may be the largest financial heist in history. The net outflows represent roughly 2.8 per cent of total platform assets, a figure analysts view as a sign of relative customer resilience compared to past industry shocks. Binance said it is covering the losses using USD 6 billion raised from its treasury, insurance fund, and security reserves, noting that withdrawal volumes are stabilising alongside USD 2.7 billion in fresh inflows. While crypto prices recovered over the weekend with bitcoin trading around USD 78,000, spot bitcoin ETFs recorded USD 643 million in outflows. Industry experts warn the unprecedented breach, blamed by the FBI on North Korean hacking group TraderTraitor, could dent institutional appetite and reshape risk management across digital asset markets.
(“Binance says customers pulled net $4.7 billion after hack as crypto world weighs risk,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)

TRADE & TECHNOLOGY
The US and Vietnam: Tesla, Samsung urge Washington to avoid new tariffs on Vietnamese imports
On 02 November, Reuters reported that major global corporations including Tesla and Samsung are urging the US government to refrain from imposing new tariffs on Vietnam’s imports as a 29 November deadline approaches for a trade investigation into Vietnam's intellectual property practices. In filings to the US Trade Representative, technology manufacturers, retailers, and apparel groups warned that additional duties would severely disrupt critical supply chains for essential electronics and components. Conversely, US steel, solar, and timber producers, alongside software and entertainment industry groups, have called for punitive measures and tariffs, citing rampant digital piracy and unfair competition. The trade probe comes as Vietnam's US export surplus surged 42 per cent in the first eight months of the year, cementing its position as the largest goods trade surplus partner with Washington.
(“Tesla, Samsung oppose new US tariffs on Vietnam as probe deadline nears,” Reuters, 02 November 2026)