The World This Week

The World This Week
Elections in Ireland, Political Crisis in France and the Busan Plastic Pollution Summit

GP Team
12 December 2024
Photo Source: BBC, PA Media

Abhiruchi Chowdhury, Prajwal T V and Kavithasri M
The World This Week #287-289 Vol. 6 Nos. 41-43, 9 December 2024

Elections in Ireland: Continuity and Change
Abhiruchi Chowdhury

What happened?
On 29 November, Irish citizens came out to vote for forming their new government. The outgoing government coalition consisted of three political parties - Fine Gael, Fianna Fáil and Green Party. Sinn Fein remained as the largest opposition party. It was already clear that the contesting parties would aim to form alliances after the elections as none of the them fought on enough number of seats to form government on their own. Out of the total 174 seats, Fianna Fáil won 48 seats, followed by Sinn Fein and Fine Gael which won 39 and 38 seats respectively. Green Party slipped from winning 12 seats in 2020 elections to retaining just one seat in 2024.

What is the background?
First, a brief recap of what happened in 2020 and 2016 elections. In 2020 elections, Fianna Fáil clinched maximum number of seats – 38. Sinn Fein and Fine Gael closely followed Fianna Fáil and won 37 seats and 35 seats respectively. The 2020 elections saw the resurrection of Sinn Fein which not only won the maximum number of first preference votes but also increased its share of votes by two times from 2016 elections. In 2016, Fine Gael won the maximum number of seats – 50. Fianna Fáil and Sinn Fein won 44 seats and 23 seats respectively.

Second, the dominance of three major political parties in Irish politics – Sinn Fein, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael. Sinn Fein has a history of being Irish Republic Army’s political wing. It is presently being spearheaded by the charismatic leadership of Mary Lou McDonald. Sinn Fein serves as a third left-leaning alternative to the centre-right parties- Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil. In the present election campaign, it promised to work towards United Ireland. In 2020, for the first time, the two rival center-right leaning parties, Fine Gael  and Fianna Fáil, which have 100 years of history of contention, came together to form the government to keep Sinn Fein out of power. The two parties have remained at the center stage in government formation since formation of the republic.

Third, major electoral issues. Housing crisis and dire state of health care system are the two major concerns of Irish voters. Renting a house in the Republic of Ireland is extremely expensive. The average rent for an accommodation in Ireland roughly comes around to EUR 2000. The Economic and Social Research institute in July 2024 had predicted that Ireland would need to build 53,000 houses every year to shrink the gap between demand and supply. Hospitals in Ireland do not have enough beds to accommodate all those seeking medical treatment. There is a serious shortage in the numbers of emergency beds. There is a significant surge in number of young people suffering from mental health disorders. However, the mental health services in Ireland are overburdened, with patients having to wait for long durations.
 
What does it mean?
First, Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael are likely to return to power. However, in addition to the 86 seats which they have, they still need two more seats to cross the threshold required to form the government. Their return to power means, there would be no containment of the surging rent in Ireland and it would rise to unprecedent levels, given their opposition to rent freeze and their soft corner towards landlords.

Second, with Green party losing its voice in the government, Fine Gael and Fianna Fáil have lost their punching bag whom they could accuse for rising fuel costs. In the absence of Green party from the government, pro-climate action policies would not receive much consideration in government decision making.

Third, it remains unlikely that Fine Gael and Fianna Fail would be able to address and make significant changes to turnaround the present state of housing, health and cost of living crises given its past record and proposed policy measures. Though, Immigration was not among the top concerns of Irish voters, the blame for not being able to manage the issue of housing or health would be put upon immigrants and asylum seekers.

Fourth, the far-right candidates and parties up till now have been unsuccessful in making inroads in Ireland’s political system. However, if the issue of housing and health remain unsolved, the day is not far when Ireland joins the infamous list of EU countries which are witnessing the rise of far-right ideological parties.


Global Politics Explainer
Political Crisis in France
Prajwal T V

On 4th December 2024, for the first time in over 60 years, France’s National Assembly ousted Prime Minister Michel Barnier's government through a historic no-confidence vote, after only three months in office, making him the shortest-serving Prime Minister. The motion came after Barnier forced an unpopular budget bill through parliament without a vote. The no-confidence motion passed with 331 votes in the 577-seat National Assembly. This political crisis was a result of a hung parliament following the summer snap elections, leaving no party with a majority and the far right holding significant influence. With no possibility of elections until 2025, France is grappling with a fragile democracy, economic uncertainty, and questions about its leadership under President Macron.

What triggered the No-Confidence Vote?
The no-confidence vote against Prime Minister Michel Barnier was triggered by his decision to invoke special constitutional powers under Article 49(3) to pass a controversial social security financing bill without parliamentary approval. This move united factions across the political spectrum, including the hard-left alliance and Marine Le Pen’s far-right National Rally, in opposition. The bill, part of a broader 2024 austerity budget aimed at reducing France’s rapidly growing public debt, proposed €60 billion ($63 billion) in tax increases and spending cuts to bring the fiscal deficit down to 5% by 2025. The no-confidence motion was led by the left-wing alliance, which criticised the government’s budgetary priorities for disproportionately impacting lower-income citizens. The far-right supported the motion, framing their opposition as a defence of national sovereignty against austerity measures allegedly imposed by the European Union.
 
How did France reach here?
After the snap parliamentary elections in the summer of 2024, called by President Emmanuel Macron following a series of governance challenges, France found itself with a hung parliament. No party secured a majority, leaving the legislative body fragmented. President Macron’s centrist Renaissance party faced significant losses, while the far-right National Rally and the hard-left alliance gained ground. Michel Barnier, Macron’s fifth prime minister since 2017, was appointed in an attempt to stabilize governance. However, his tenure was marked by contentious policy decisions and mounting opposition. The country faces significant fiscal pressures, with its budget deficit projected to reach 6% of GDP in 2024 and potentially rising to 7% in 2025 without corrective measures. While the European Union urged France to implement fiscal discipline, austerity measures have faced widespread public resistance. The inability of ideologically polarized parties to collaborate has further deepened instability, particularly on key policies such as the budget.
 
Where do the parties and leaders stand?
The hard-left alliance, which initiated the no-confidence vote, rejects austerity policies and advocates for greater social spending. Their opposition is rooted in a critique of Macron’s neoliberal economic agenda, which they argue exacerbates inequality. Marine Le Pen's National Rally has indicated that it would accept an emergency bill extending the 2024 budget’s tax-and-spend measures into 2025 to ensure temporary financing. However, the party has leveraged the crisis to strengthen its position as a formidable opposition force. Although ideologically opposed to the left, the far-right joined the no-confidence vote to challenge Macron’s leadership and present itself as the defender of French sovereignty. Le Pen framed her support for the no-confidence vote as a stand against the government’s “elitist” policies. President Macron has vowed to remain in office until the end of his term in 2027 and has emphasized the need for France to uphold its constitutional framework. However, Macron’s ability to govern effectively is severely constrained by the fractured parliament, which has made coalition-building exceedingly difficult.

What next for the Parliament?
The immediate challenge for the National Assembly is to support the appointment of a new government and pass critical legislation, including the 2025 budget. With no parliamentary elections permitted until 2025, the assembly must navigate a period of political deadlock over the next 10 months. The left-wing New Popular Front has already stated it will oppose any government that does not include a left-wing leader, while the far-right remains staunchly opposed to Macron’s leadership. François Baroin, a centrist leader, has been mentioned in French media as a potential successor to Barnier. While, President Macron has urged Barnier and his cabinet to stay on as care-taker government till the next Prime Minister is appointed. Without a parliamentary majority and unable to dissolve the National Assembly until mid-2025, France faces a fractured political landscape. The next government must pass legislation on a case-by-case basis, seeking issue-specific support from opposition parties.

What next for President Macron?
French President Emmanuel Macron is navigating a political crisis following the collapse of Michel Barnier’s government after a historic no-confidence vote. With no parliamentary majority, Macron must urgently appoint a new prime minister capable of uniting a fractured legislature and passing the 2025 budget. His options include reappointing a figure similar to Barnier, like François Baroin or Bruno Retailleau, or selecting a loyal ally such as Sébastien Lecornu. Another option is centrist veteran François Bayrou, who may bridge gaps between factions. However, Macron has ruled out appointing a left-leaning PM like Bernard Cazeneuve or Lucie Castets, fearing it would signal defeat to his opposition. Until June 2025, dissolving parliament is not an option, heightening the risk of prolonged stalemates. Macron has pledged a special finance law to avoid a shutdown and ensure public services continue. His next steps are critical for restoring political stability and economic confidence.


Global Politics Explainer
Busan Plastic Pollution Summit: What happened in Busan? And what didn't?
Kavithasri M 

On 25 November the Plastic Pollution Summit in Busan, formally known as the fifth session of the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee (INC-5), took place for six days. This summit brought together more than 3300 participants, including representatives from over 170 countries and more than 440 observer organizations, from 25 November to 1 December 2024, to finalize an international, legally binding treaty to tackle plastic pollution across its full life cycle from production to disposal. This summit follows earlier negotiations and aims to address the escalating environmental crisis. With over 400 million metric tons of plastic produced annually and nearly 11 million tons entering oceans each year, the urgency to curb plastic pollution has never been greater. The treaty seeks to ensure sustainable alternatives, reduce reliance on single-use plastics, and mitigate their impact on ecosystems and human health. With no resolution in sight and significant disagreements remaining, negotiators agreed to resume talks next year, leaving the timeline uncertain. This delay underscores the complexity of addressing the escalating environmental crisis and the need for stronger global cooperation.

What is the plastic pollution issue all about?
Plastic pollution is a significant global environmental crisis, primarily driven by the exponential increase in plastic production and waste. The issue has profound implications for ecosystems, human health, and economies, prompting international efforts. Over 400 million metric tons of plastic are produced annually, with approximately 40 per-cent used for single-use products. Of this, only nine per-cent is recycled, while annually, around 52 million tons of plastic are mismanaged globally, contributing to pollution through litter, uncollected waste, and improper disposal methods. Around 11 million metric tons of plastic enter the oceans each year, disrupting marine ecosystems. Without intervention, this figure could nearly triple by 2040. An estimated 358 trillion particles on ocean surfaces and larger waste, such as abandoned fishing gear, known as "ghost gear." The fishing industry, single-use plastics, and inadequate recycling systems exacerbate the issue. For instance, only about 1% of the estimated 5 trillion plastic bags used annually are recycled, while single-use plastics production continues to rise, projected to increase by 17 million tons by 2027. Geographically, countries in Asia produce 80% of ocean-bound plastic, driven by poor waste management infrastructures and significant waste exports from other regions like Europe. In contrast, high-income nations such as the U.S. generate large amounts of waste per capita, with limited recycling success.

What did the Busan Summit aimed to achieve?
The plastic pollution summit in Busan aimed to create the first-ever legally binding global treaty addressing the plastic pollution crisis. The primary objectives included Addressing the full life cycle of plastics, the treaty sought to tackle plastic pollution from production to disposal, including measures to reduce plastic production, improve recycling and waste management, and promote sustainable alternatives. Mitigating Environmental Impact: With plastic pollution increasingly affecting oceans, wildlife, and ecosystems, the treaty aimed to protect biodiversity by curbing the inflow of plastics into the natural environment. Establishing binding commitments, a key focus was on enforcing global, legally binding controls on harmful chemicals used in plastic manufacturing and setting clear rules to limit plastic waste generation and environmental leakage. Promoting Global Equity, the summit emphasized balancing the interests of developed and developing countries, ensuring equitable responsibilities and support for countries with limited resources to implement plastic reduction measures.

What went right/wrong at Busan?
This summit has both positive and negative outcomes. Things that went right in the summit are the global participation; the summit saw robust participation from over 170 countries and 600 observer organizations, highlighting widespread international commitment to addressing plastic pollution. Acknowledging the issue, most nations recognized the urgency of combating plastic pollution, emphasizing the need for a treaty that tackles the full life cycle of plastics, from production to waste management. Progress on the negotiation framework: delegates managed to streamline discussions by agreeing on a procedural approach, including using a "non-paper" document as the basis for further negotiations, marking a step forward in organizing dialogue. Although the summit concluded without a finalized treaty, it highlighted crucial areas of contention, including the scope of production cuts and the treatment of toxic chemicals.

Things that went wrong are failure to reach agreement; the summit ended without a finalized treaty, with significant disagreements on critical issues, such as reducing global plastic production and imposing legally binding controls on harmful chemicals. Polarized Positions: Oil-producing countries like Saudi Arabia and Russia resisted efforts to reduce plastic production, fearing economic consequences. Their stance contrasted sharply with the ambitions of developed countries and small island states advocating stringent production cuts. Delays and procedural challenges, prolonged debates over procedural rules and negotiation frameworks, consumed time, leaving substantive issues largely unresolved. There is some uncertainty in future steps; while talks are set to resume in 2025, there is no clear timeline or structure for achieving the treaty, which risks further delays in addressing the escalating plastic pollution crisis.

What’s next after the Busan summit?
Following the inconclusive outcome of the Busan Summit, negotiators plan to resume talks in 2025 to continue working towards a legally binding global treaty on plastic pollution. Negotiators will set a firm timeline and location for the next session in 2025 and will establish a clear agenda to prevent delays and procedural inefficiencies. Refinements to the "non-paper" document used in Busan will likely be made. The aim will be streamline proposals on contentious topics such as production limits, controls on toxic chemicals, and equitable responsibilities for countries. Some countries may introduce or strengthen domestic policies on plastic reduction, recycling, and alternative materials to demonstrate leadership and influence treaty discussions. Developing mechanisms to support lower-income countries in adopting treaty obligations, including funding and technology transfer, will be key discussion points leading up to the next session. Observer organizations and environmental advocacy groups will continue lobbying for an ambitious treaty. Their role in maintaining public and political pressure is critical to ensure progress. While the delay underscores the complexity of global policymaking, it also presents an opportunity for more thorough preparation and consensus-building. The success of the next round will hinge on the ability of countries to prioritize environmental and public health over short-term economic interests.


TWTW Regional Roundups

News from around the world
Rohini Reenum, Padmashree Anandhan, Anu Maria Joseph, Femy Francis, Nuha Amina, Sayeka Ghosh, Ayan Datta and Neha Tresa George

CHINA THIS WEEK
China: Establishes first Antarctic atmosphere monitoring research station
On 02 December, SCMP reported that China opened its first monitoring station in the Antarctic. The station is located in the Larsemann Hills of East Antarctica. The station will engage in long-term observation of concentration changes in the Antarctic’s atmosphere. This is China’s ninth atmospheric monitoring station and one of the first outside China.

China: Pakistan to open the Khunjerab port all year-round
On 01 December, the Khunjerab port border crossing between China and Pakistan situated in Xinjiang region kickstarted a full-year operation. The border crossing was closed owing to severe weather conditions. There was a 42.6 per cent and 72.7 per cent hike in transits of goods for 11,000 vehicles and 40,900 tons of goods respectively. Central Asia scholar at the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences Li Lifan said: “As China is somewhat marginalized by the West amid a stand-off with such nations, engaging with Central Asian countries would yield positive outcomes.”

China: Nepal Prime Minister urges for enhanced bilateral trade 
On 04 December, Nepal’s Prime Minister KP Sharma Oli addressing the Nepal-China Business Summit in Beijing urged enhanced collaboration. He said: “Trade, commerce, and economic relations between our two countries are now at a new level.”  He noted that the strong economic and trade cooperation has boosted overall bilateral cooperation. Chairman of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CCPIT) Zhang Shaogang expressed that there is no shortage of attractive products in Nepal that Chinese consumers could explore.  

China: Russia held the first sub-committee meeting on Arctic shipping routes
On 25 November, China and Russia held their first sub-committee meeting on Arctic shipping routes in Saint Petersburg. China’s Transport Minister Liu Wei attended the event at the invitation of Russia’s State Atomic Energy Corporation Rosatom. This is a significant diplomatic milestone on the 75th anniversary of China-Russia diplomatic relations. The new mechanism of cooperation will improve the safety of navigation in the Arctic, the technology of shipbuilding, and transportation capabilities. Rosatom’s director Alexey Likhachev called this partnership historic and expressed his enthusiasm for deepening cooperation in all areas. The meeting agreed on approved subcommittee regulations and key collaborative objectives for 2025. Both countries were committed to the joint development of Arctic shipping routes, sharing technological insights, and furthering mutual strategic interests through concrete, forward-looking initiatives.

China: CPC holds dialogue with Central and Eastern European political parties
On 25 November, CPC conducted a dialogue with political representatives from Central and Eastern European Countries, bringing together nearly 50 delegates from 19 parties across 12 nations. Those participating from abroad spoke highly of China’s unique model of development as the alternative global approach. They showed their eagerness to strengthen bilateral understanding. The theme of the event was “China's Modernization and New Opportunities for China-CEEC Relations: Contribution of Political Parties,” and highlighted the willingness and dedication to creating genuine political exchanges and ways of cooperation for mutual development and diplomatic involvement.

China: Paraguay’s Foreign Minister on a state visit to Taiwan
On 27 November, Paraguay’s Foreign Minister Ruben Ramirez Lezcano arrived in Taiwan for a four-day visit. On his arrival, he was greeted by Taiwan’s Deputy Foreign Minister Tien Chung-kwang. Foreign Minister Ruben spoke to reporters on his arrival where he expressed that he was happy to visit Taiwan again to further bilateral ties. He also sent regards from Paraguay’s President Santiago Pena as he affirmed Taiwan-Paraguay’s 67-year-old cooperation. Paraguay is one of the 12 countries that recognize ties with Taiwan officially. 

China: 40 cooperation agreements with Brazil
On 20 November, China’s President Xi Jinping and Brazil’s President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva raised their bilateral relations to a higher level, establishing a “Community with a Shared Future,” underlining a strategic partnership. 40 cooperation agreements were signed in agriculture, energy, and communications. With bilateral trade exceeding USD 150 billion, the two countries are positioning themselves as important players in the global south. The Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture projects USD 450 million in new exports, and companies such as BRF are expanding into Chinese markets. Xi declared the China-Brazil relationship to be “at its best moment ever,” marking a new era in their collaboration.

China: Emerges as the second-largest Pacific Islands donor, reports Lowy Institute
On 20 November, the 2024 Pacific Aid Map by the Lowy Institute claimed that China is now the second-largest donor to Pacific Island countries after Australia. China’s contribution came in at USD 1.5 billion. After a significant drop due to the pandemic, China boosted its financing by six per cent in 2022 and provided USD 256 million via a new “double-pronged approach,” focusing on grants rather than loans. It included community-level initiatives such as vehicle donations and support for agricultural equipment. However, concerns remain over debt financing from China to countries including the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu. The report indicates that geopolitics drove much of what Beijing was considering in pursuing its ‘One China’ policy. Taiwan lost a place in the donor list’s top ten after several countries switched diplomatic recognition to Beijing. Between 2008 and 2016, Chinese banks have provided the region with over USD 1.1 billion, fueling concerns over possible diplomatic pressure from Beijing. 

Taiwan: Lithuania an indispensable partner, claims foreign minister
On 20 November, Taiwan’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Lin Chia-lung expressed that Taiwan and Lithuania are “indispensable partners.” The statement was made during his visit to Lithuania’s capital Vilnius to celebrate the three years of establishment of the Taiwan Representative Office. Lin noted that both countries are on the front line of the democratic camp as they face direct threats from Russia and China. The event was co-hosted with the Taiwan Friendship Group of Lithuania’s parliament. Lin added that their relations established rapidly as they developed areas of investment and trade. He stressed that it is important for democratic countries like theirs to unite while authoritarian countries try to expand. 

EAST ASIA THIS WEEK
North Korea: To convene the 11th plenary meeting of the Workers’ Party 
On 03 December, KCNA reported that North Korea is preparing to convene the 11th plenary meeting of its ruling Workers’ Party of Korea (WPK) in December. This is a crucial gathering, traditionally used to outline national policy directions. Leader Kim Jong-un is expected to articulate his strategic stance on the new US administration. The meeting aims to review 2024’s policy execution and chart the course for 2025, with announcements on nuclear programs and international relations.

South Korea: President Yoon’s approval rating slides to 13 per cent, Gallup survey
On 06 December, South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol’s approval rating dipped to 13 per cent; an all-time low. Gallup conducted a survey of 1,001 adults over the age of 18. Yoon’s popularity fell by three per cent, which is the lowest since he took office in 2022. The negative assessment rose to a record high of 75 per cent, with 19 per cent of respondents citing economic concerns and the recent debacle by Yoon. The general support for the People Power Party fell by five per cent from the previous week, while the opposition Democratic Party of Korea received a positive hike of four per cent. This shift in mood is owed to South Korea’s President abruptly imposing Martial Law that was readily revoked in the span of a few hours. The move by Yoon was seen as a failed power-grabbing attempt.

South Korea: Opposition parties to impeach the President
On 05 December, South Korea’s main opposition party Democratic Party of Korea (DPK) announced that they would push for the impeachment of South Korean President Yoon Suk Yeol. This comes after Yoon called for an emergency Martial Law to be instated, which was readily retracted after hours of public and government outrage. DPK and other opposition parties moved a motion to impeach the President. The opposition argues that Yoon’s action violated the South Korean Constitution and other laws. DPK’s deputy spokesperson Chi Seung-rae informed that they will hold a vote on the impeachment motion, to give the ruling party more time to decide on Yoon’s actions. The motion was moved in South Korea’s National Assembly. According to the law, the impeachment motion must be put to vote within 72 hours of moving. To pass the motion a two-thirds majority is required. 

Japan: Tokyo-Beijing Forum calls to bolster people-to-people exchange
On 06 December, 100 Japanese and Chinese delegations called upon their governments to further dialogue and promote people-to-people exchange at the China-Japan Forum, attended by political and business leaders. The forum called to establish a “strategic framework of confidence-building.” The statement issued at the forum called for a “mutually beneficial relationship” based on common but strategic interests. The forum was hosted by Genron NPO and China International Communications group.

Solomon Island: Reform Commission reviews the marriage law
On 06 December, RNZ reported that the Solomon Island Reform Commission is reviewing the Islander and Divorce Act. The discussion aims to raise the minimum marriage age from 15 to 18 years. The Solomon Islands Endim Vaelens Agenstims Pikinini, a collation of charities in Solomon Island, found that one in five girls were married before 18 in urban areas and one in four girls in rural areas. Save the Children, an NGO claims that children marrying too young can lead to larger problems like domestic violence, illiteracy, being unqualified for jobs, and earning a livelihood. 

Vanuatu: Climate envoy contends Australia’s demand of holding legal obligation over climate change
On 05 December, RNZ reported that Vanuatu's Special Envoy for Climate and Environment Regenvanu opposed Australia’s demand to hold a legal obligation against the country over climate change. Australia argued that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC) and the Paris Agreement are the main sources of international obligation. Rengenvanu said: “These nations, some of the world's largest greenhouse gas emitters, have pointed to existing treaties and commitments that have regrettably failed to motivate substantial reductions in emissions.” He additionally stated that it is concerning that some of these countries do not acknowledge the severity of the crisis and responsibility. 

Japan: To release USD 89.7 billion stimulus package
On 21 November, Reuters reported that Japan plans to spend USD 89.7 billion for the new stimulus package. The package aims to deter the effect of inflating prices and its impact on households. It allocates JPY eight trillion in investments into local governments and private funding. The package will contribute USD 193 for low-income households, exempt residential taxes, and provide JPY 20,000 per child. The ruling coalition and the main opposition agreed on the package. 

Japan: LDP proposes reforms to enhance political transparency
On 20 November, The Japan News reported that the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) would scrap political activity funds for individual lawmakers by proposing to revise the Political Funds Control Law. It would ban foreign nationals and corporations from buying fundraising tickets for politicians, reinforcing restrictions that have already banned foreign donations to avoid external influences in Japanese politics. A third-party body to supervise political funds would be set up. LDP plans to seek passage of the bill in the extraordinary Diet session beginning on 28 November. 

Japan: UK to form an economic “two-plus-two” ministerial framework 
On 20 November, Asian News Network reported that Japan’s Prime Minister Shigeru Ishiba and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer have agreed to establish an economic “two-plus-two” ministerial framework. This marks Japan’s second such arrangement after its US partnership. The UK Prime Minister’s Office stated that the dialogue will strengthen bilateral collaboration on “international trade, economy and geopolitics issues.” The two leaders spoke on promoting cooperation in joint projects including next-generation fighter development with Italy. 

New Zealand: Samoan Citizenship Bill passed
On 21 November, RNZ reported that the Samoa Citizenship Bill was approved by New Zealand’s parliament with unanimous support. However, several concerns remain regarding the bill, such as whether international Samoans will be eligible for citizenship. 

SOUTH  AND SOUTHEAST ASIA THIS WEEK
Indonesia: Plans to introduce new tax reforms
On 23 November, The Straits Times reported on the new tax concession in Indonesia. The head of the parliamentary commission overseeing finance affairs, Mukhamad Misbakhun, said that discussions were ongoing with the government regarding tax reforms. The last tax concessions were introduced in 2016 and 2022 when Joko Widodo was president. Taxpayers were given lower than normal tax rates if their unreported assets were released. As a result of the two tax concessions, around USD 340 billion worth of assets were reported. 

Malaysia: Plans to extend the system of QR code to other forms of transport
On 18 November, The Straits Times reported on extending QR codes to other forms of transport at the Joho-Singapore border. Malaysian travellers crossing the border by bus or motorcycle were allowed to use QR codes. This move aimed to address the issue of causeway traffic congestion. Malaysian Home Minister Saifuddin Nasution Ismail said: “It was agreed in the meeting to finalise the procurement process for the QR code system this year following the proof-of-concept (POC) submission.” He believes that the Johor Causeway could manage 150 million travellers annually with the current data. Almost 80 per cent of the 4.00,000 crossings used this system. This proved to have reduced the traffic congestion at the border during peak hours.

Myanmar: Military leader promises free and fair elections
On 20 November, The Irrawaddy reported the statements by Myanmar military's leader Min Aung Hlaing on holding free and fair elections. During a recent visit to China, he promised  "free and fair elections" monitored by international observers. Chinese Premier Li Qiang confirmed his assistance in the elections and the census. Min confirmed that political parties could register for the polls with proportional representation in national and sub-national parliaments. 

Bangladesh: Indian Foreign Secretary to visit Dhaka amid protests 
On 7 December, a press release from the Chhatra Dal Office announced that a joint protest would be organized by the Bangladesh National Party. They have planned a protest at the Indian High Commission in Dhaka as a response to an attack on the Assistant High Commission of Bangladesh in Agartala by a group which was furious with the arrest of a Hindu monk in Bangladesh. This resulted in a halt in the provision of consulate services and visas for Indians travelling to Bangladesh. Separately, the retired armed forces members rallied against the attack on the High Commission in Bangladesh. They demonstrated against the “Indian aggression” in the protests titled “Against Indian Hegemony.” On 6 December, the Indian Ministry of External Affairs announced that Foreign Secretary Vikram Misri would be arriving in Dhaka on 9 December 2024 to carry out the ongoing “structured interactions with Bangladesh.”

Nepal: Renews BRI MoU with China
On 3 December, China and Nepal renewed their seven-year Memorandum of Understanding on the Belt and Road Initiative during Prime Minister KP Oli Sharma’s four-day visit to China. The MoU has a validity of three years which can be extended for another three years unless it is terminated by either party. Under the framework, Nepal will be granted involvement in the BRI. However, it would have limited powers of negotiation under the initiative. The main objective of this cooperation framework is to encourage financial and technical cooperation in connectivity, trade, economic development, logistics and investment.

India: Russian President Putin expresses interest in setting up manufacturing firms
On 4 December, while speaking at the 15th Vneshtorgbank (VTB) Investment Forum in Moscow, Russia’s President Vladimir Putin praised the ‘Make in India’ initiative. He stated how it has allowed the country to secure a position in the global economy as it emphasizes domestic production and attracts foreign investment. He expressed interest in establishing Russian manufacturing firms in India as the latter has created a favourable environment for small and medium-sized enterprises.

India: Adani group denies allegations of bribery
On 20 November, the US Department of Justice and US Securities and Exchange Commission indicted Adani Group head Gautam Adani for alleged involvement in bribery. He is accused of bribing USD 265 million to the Indian government to secure a solar power project in Asia. However, the Adani Group claimed the charges were “baseless.” Responding to the incident, Kenyan President William Ruto cancelled a USD two billion deal and a USD 736 million private-public partnership deal with the group. The deals were sought to upgrade the Jomo Kenyatta International Airport and energy sector. 

Nepal: Electricity exports to Bangladesh commence via cross-border grid
On 22 November, India’s Minister of Housing and Urban Affairs Manohar Lal, Nepal’s Minister of Energy, Water Resources and Irrigation Deepak Khadka, and Bangladesh’s Energy Advisor Muhammad Fouzul Kabir Khan inaugurated the energy export. On 3 October, an agreement was signed by three countries on the export of 40 megawatts (MW) of electricity to Bangladesh from Nepal’s hydroelectric plant through India. India’s Ministry of External Affairs highlighted: “The start of this power flow from Nepal to Bangladesh through India is expected to boost sub-regional connectivity in the power sector.” The power exports are set to be transmitted via the 400-kilovolt Dhalkebar Muzaffarpur line in India. 

Nepal: Repatriation of 47 Nepali nationals from Russia and Bulgaria 
On 19 November, 29 Nepali nationals returned to Kathmandu after facing deportation from Russia for not attending university and having a work permit. On 30 October, 34 Nepali nationals were arrested by the Russian authorities from a call centre. The remaining five are in the middle of deportation processes. According to the Non-Resident Nepali Association (NRNA) Russia, the students lacked proper documentation to seek legal assistance. He said: “We were prepared to hire a lawyer to pursue legal remedies, but they could not provide documents such as contracts with the employer or proof of university attendance.”

MIDDLE-EAST THIS WEEK
The UAE: Inaugurates ten maternity centres in Afghanistan
On 7 December, the United Arab Emirates inaugurated ten maternity centres in Afghanistan as part of its Comprehensive Development Programme (CDP) in the war-torn country. The CDP, overseen by the UAE’s Coordination Office for Humanitarian Aid in Afghanistan, aimed to improve basic healthcare infrastructure. The maternity centres are in Herat, Kandahar, Jalalabad, Helmand, Paktika and Mazar-i-Sharif.

United Arab Emirates: Signs USD 5 Billion worth MoU with Azerbaijan for demining
On 27 November, the UAE’s Ambassador to Azerbaijan signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Azerbaijan’s Board of Mine Action Agency (ANAMA), which would support the latter’s demining efforts in Azerbaijan’s disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region. The UAE Ministry of Foreign Affairs cited the MoU as an example of the UAE’s global humanitarian role of providing technical and financial support to alleviate civilian suffering in conflict zones and promote sustainable development

Saudi Arabia: Clean energy deal between Japan and Saudi Arabia firms
On 20 November, the Saudi Arabia-based ACWA Power signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Japan-based ITOCHU group at the COP 29 meeting in Azerbaijan’s Baku. The deal aimed to strengthen investments in environmental infrastructure in the Middle East, Central Asia and Africa. Highlighting ACWA Power’s status as the world’s largest water desalination firm, its CEO, Marco Arcelli, stated that the partnership “would benefit from our expertise in renewable energy sources, water desalination and green hydrogen.”

AFRICA THIS WEEK
Ghana: Presidential and legislative election concluded
On 7 December, Ghana concluded its presidential and legislative elections. President Nana Akufo-Addo will be stepping down after completing two terms. Vice President Mahamudu Bawumia of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) and opposition candidate John Mahama of the National Democratic Congress (NDC) are two major candidates among 12 others.

Namibia: Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah to become first woman president
On 3 December, Namibia’s electoral commission declared Netumbo Nandi-Ndaitwah as the winner of the presidential elections. Ndaitwah will be the country’s first female president. She secured 57 per cent of the vote. Her victory has ensured the continuity of the South West Africa People’s Organisation (SWAPO) party’s rule. Opposition parties have rejected the results after technical problems and delays marred the election process.

Burkina Faso: Military sacks prime minister and dissolves government
On 7 December, Burkina Faso’s ruling military leader Ibrahim Traoré dismissed Prime Minister, Apollinaire Joachim Kyelem de Tambela and dissolved the government. Tambela was appointed prime minister in October 2022 following the military coup. No official reason has been given for the removal and dissolution of the government. The presidential decree stated: "The prime minister’s official functions are terminated."

Angola: US President Joe Biden’s visit
On 2 December, US President, Joe Biden, began his three-day visit to Angola. According to BBC, the visit comes amidst uncertainty over US-Africa relations as President-elect Donald Trump assumes office in January. Joe Biden is the first US president to visit Angola. He discussed a USD 800 million US-backed railway project in the Lobito Corridor, connecting the Democratic Republic of Congo and Zambia to Angola. The visit also aims to deter increasing China and Russia’s engagements in the region. Angola is strategically important to many global actors for its oil, cobalt, and lithium reserves.

Chad: Plans to end military ties with France
On 29 November, Chad’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Abderaman Koulamallah announced that the country is ending its defence agreement with France, which will require French troops to leave the country. Koulamallah mentioned that France is “an essential partner” but “must now also consider that Chad has grown up, matured and is a sovereign state that is very jealous of its sovereignty.” The announcement was made following France’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Jean-Noel Barrot’s visit to Chad the previous week. 1,000 French troops are stationed in Chad, fighting the Islamist insurgency in the region.

Nigeria: President Tinubu visits France
On 28 November, Africanews reported on Nigerian President Bola Tinubu’s visit to France; the first time in 24 years. The visit was aimed at boosting economic ties and attracting foreign investment. Tinubu stated: "We've been working on stabilizing the security system in Nigeria, and we are getting closer and closer. We are doing better now in the area of security. I assure all the investors here that Nigeria is open for business and I thank you for your collaboration.” Tinubu and France’s President Emmanuel Macron held meetings at the “Franco-Nigerian Business Council” forum. Macron stated: "To us, economic partnerships place France as a partner in the long run to work, with you, on your country's food safety, the extraction and value maximization of the critical ore your country has, and as a partner, with our industries, in your defense and security strategy - that's three priorities we want to commit to.”

Somaliland: Opposition wins the presidential elections
On 19 November, the National Electoral Commission (NEC) of self-declared Somaliland announced the victory of opposition leader Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi in the presidential elections held on 16 November. Abdullahi from the Waddani Party received 64 per cent of votes against incumbent President Muse Bihi Abdi of the Kulmiye Party. Both parties have promised to tackle the economic crisis and push for the international recognition of Somaliland. Abdullahi stated: “We are all winners, the Somaliland state won.” He will be sworn in on 14 December.

Gabon: New constitution to stage civilian transition
On 18 November, the Gabonese people voted in favour of the new constitution. According to the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions (CTRI), the voter turnout was 54 per cent and 92 per cent voted in favour. The new constitution is expected to set the stage for a civilian transition with a probable election in August 2025. It establishes a seven-year term of presidency, renewable once and with no room for dynastic rule. Many critics claim that the new constitution was formulated in a way by coup leader Brice Oligui Nguema to stay in power. Nguema ousted former President Ali Bongo and his dynastic rule in 2023 through a military coup.

Senegal: Ruling Pastef wins snap election
On 21 November, Senegal’s vote-counting commission declared the victory of the ruling Pastef party in the snap elections. Pastef secured 130 of 165 seats in the parliament. President Bassirou Diomaye Faye conducted the snap elections to secure a mandate to carry out reforms promised during his campaign. It included fighting corruption, enhancing the fishing industry and maximising natural resources benefits. Faye dissolved the parliament and called for snap elections on 12 September. The Pastef representative Amadou Ba stated: “It is very important not only in terms of the legitimacy of the new authorities but also regarding our technical and financial partners that they know that there is a people standing behind this new government.”

Mali: Military institutes new prime minister
On 21 November, Mali’s military government appointed a new prime minister after Choguel Maïga was dismissed for criticising the junta for delaying the presidential elections. General Abdoulaye Maïga has previously served as minister of territorial administration, government spokesperson and deputy prime minister.

Mozambique: EU pledges EUR 20 million aid to RDF
On 19 November, the EU council pledged EUR 20 million in aid to Rwanda Defence Force’s (RSF) deployment in Mozambique, supporting IS-linked insurgency. The pledged amount is double the previous assistance in 2022. Vice-President of the EU Commission, Josep Borell, stated that the “presence of the Rwanda Defence Force troops has been instrumental to make progress and remains key.” He described the funding as a “testimony of the EU’s support to ‘African solutions for African problems’.”

EUROPE THIS WEEK
The EU: Deal with Latin America amid opposition from France
On 06 December, Ursula von der Leyen, the President of the European Parliament, signed a deal with Latin American countries. “Today marks a truly historic milestone,” von der Leyen said after summit talks with leaders of the Mercosur bloc in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. The agreement will create a free trade zone for more than 700 million citizens. The deal took 25 years to be completed and signed. France opposes it as it will affect the poultry and farming industry of the country. Meanwhile, German leaders are celebrating the deal. Siegfried Russwurmhe, head of the Federation of German Industry (BDI), stated: “This agreement will provide an urgently needed growth impulse for the German and European economy.” The deal aims to deepen ties between the EU and the Mercosur countries. However, the deal is yet to be ratified by the signatory countries.

France: Socialist party to discuss with Macron over forming the new government
On 07 December, Olivier Faure, leader of the Socialist party, told the media that he is eager to discuss the formation of the new government with President Emmanuel Macron. He said: “We need to find a solution because we can’t let the country grind to a halt for months.” Macron stated that he is looking for a Prime Minister to represent all blocs. However, leaders of the Greens party were not invited to the President's office for the formation of the government. Therefore, the Greens party called on the Socialist party to be careful when negotiating with President Macron.

Romania: Court cancels Presidential elections amid speculation of Russian security threats
On 06 December, the Supreme Court of Romania cancelled the upcoming presidential elections due to concerns over Russia’s potential “hybrid” attacks on the country. Russia’s involvement was already speculated with the rising popularity of pro-Russia candidate, Călin Georgescu, through TikTok. Meanwhile, the government of Romania will have to make adequate preparations for fresh presidential elections. The current presidential term is supposed to end on 21 December. However, it has been extended and the current president would continue to hold the office until a new president is sworn in. The Romanian government declassified intelligence reports which suggested that the TikTok algorithm was manipulated through paid promotions in favour of a pro-Russia narrative. Re-election has created further confusion, with more than 48,000 Romanians living abroad already casting their votes.

Germany: Olaf Scholz to be questioned over EUR 36 billion tax scandal
On 05 December, Politico reported on the challenges for Chancellor Olaf Scholz. Scholz will present himself on 06 December before Hamburg's parliamentary investigation committee over charges the scandal estimated to be around EUR 36. He will be questioned over his dealing with HSH Nordbank which has paid around EUR 126 million to the tax authorities in 2014. Chancellor Scholz is former Mayor of the Hamburg city-state. Julia Klöckner, a senior lawmaker from the center-right Christian Democratic Union, said: “Scholz is responsible for the fact that the state has lost millions of taxpayers’ money.” Germany’s snap elections are due in February 2025. Meanwhile, Chancellor Scholz is already struggling with political hold in the country. 

Germany: Expected to face a 10 per cent contraction in workforce, says a study
On 26 November, Deutsche Welle reported on a study conducted by the Bertelsmann Foundation on the shrinking workforce in Germany. The study said that Germany’s workforce would reduce by 10 per cent by 2040 without “substantial immigration.” It would drop from 46.4 million to 41.9 million in 2040 without at least 288000 skilled foreign workers per year. According to Germany’s migration experts, the demographic shift needed immigration. For this, they suggested better reforms and removal of restrictions for immigrants. Some of the migrants reported to have faced discrimination and rejection in their work environments. This reduction in workforce was expected to affect North Rhine-Westphalia, Thuringia and Saxony-Anhalt and the small state of Saarland on the French border.

Regional: EU states stall Serbia's accession process
On 25 November, Euronews reported that Serbia’s accession talks with the EU under the recommendation of Hungary were stopped. A group of EU countries Croatia, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands and Sweden refused the move proposed by Hungary. They highlighted Serbia’s track record on fundamental rights, problematic relations with neighbouring Kosovo and reluctance to impose sanctions on Russia. Hungary, being a strong supporter for Serbia’s accession to the EU tabled the proposal to bring it closer to the Cluster 3 of the accession process, covering eight chapters related to competitiveness and economic growth, such as taxation, monetary policy, employment, customs union and scientific research. Serbia’s free trade agreement with China was also one of the main points of contention. Although Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić expressed his commitment to join the EU, he confirmed to maintain good ties with Russia.

Poland: Law and Justice Party announces historian Nawrocki as presidential candidate
On 24 November, Euronews reported that Poland's conservative Law and Justice party chose Karol Nawrocki as its candidate for Presidential elections scheduled to be held in August 2025. Nawrocki is a 41-year-old historian who has led the Institute of National Remembrance since 2021, a state body that stores archives and researches the crimes of World War II and the communist era. He said: “I am ready to become your president. I am ready because I have been with you all my life. I am next to you I know Poles and I understand your needs. Yes, I am one of you.” The party chose him over popular politicians like former Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki. 

Germany: SPD confirms the nomination of Scholz for the 2025 federal elections
On 22 November, Deutsche Welle reported that the Social Democrats (SPD) had confirmed the nomination of Olaf Scholz as the lead Chancellor candidate in the 2025 federal elections. The party's co-leader Lars Klingbeil said: "We want to go into the next election campaign with Olaf Scholz.” This announcement came after Minister of Defence Boris Pistorius informed the SPD that he would not stand for the position of chancellor. He praised Scholz for being the Chancellor with “reason and prudence” and managing the coalition through the biggest crisis in decades. The other party members welcomed this decision and expressed their support for Scholz in the upcoming elections.

Germany: Scholz meets Chinese President Xi Jinping at the G20 summit
On 19 November, Deutsche Welle reported on the talks between Chancellor Scholz and China’s President Xi Jinping. At the sidelines of the G20 summit, they discussed trade, economic relations and the war in Ukraine. Scholz said: “It is important that we ensure that a level playing field accompanies the economic activities of companies on all sides, that is central to the conditions for future work.” In response, Xi stressed the development of a "strategic" and "long-term" relationship with Germany. The leaders hoped for a peaceful negotiation and dialogue with the EU over the “tit for tat tariffs on electric vehicles” as it has impacted the German economy. Scholz shared his disapproval of China’s delivery of weapons to Russia. 

The EU: Risk of economic slowdown and debt sustainability
On 20 November, Politico reported on the warnings issued by the European Central Bank (ECB) over the weak growth of the EU’s economy amidst tariffs imposed by the US. It has expressed its concern over “debt sustainability” and “policy uncertainty” in the light of current conditions. The major countries in the EU including France and Italy face low growth with their public finances already stretched. ECB noted that several business companies were going bankrupt with the low growth rates coupled with rising interest rates. Additionally, US President-elect Donald Trump has promised to impose 20 per cent tariffs on all the exported European goods. ECB fears that such a move would push the EU into a prolonged economic slowdown.


About the Authors
Abhiruchi Chowdhury is a Research Assistant at National Institute of Advanced Studies. Prajwal T V is an undergraduate student of Journalism, International Relations and Peace Studies at St Joseph’s University, Bengaluru. Kavithasri M is a postgraduate student at the Pondicherry University. Rohini Reenum is a PhD scholar at NIAS. Anu Maria Joseph and Padmashree Anandhan are Research Associates at NIAS. Femy Francis, Neha Tresa George, Sayeka Ghosh and Nuha Aamina are Research Assistants at NIAS. Ayan Datta is a postgraduate student at the University of Hyderabad.


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An Illegitimate Regime's Consolidation Game
April 2026 | CWA # 2056

Ashik J Bonofer

Southeast Asia (Jan-Mar 2026)
Deteriorating situation in Myanmar, Philippines as the ASEAN Chair, New government in Thailand, and Economic & Environmental challenges
April 2026 | CWA # 2055

Haans J Freddy

East Asia (Jan-Mar 2026)
Chinas military operations near Taiwan, Japan-China tensions and South Koreas security challenges
April 2026 | CWA # 2054

Amrita Jash

Chinas External Landscape (Jan-Mar 2026):
Regional assertion, Pragmatic recalibration with the West and Avoiding military entanglement in the Middle East
April 2026 | CWA # 2052

Shreya Upadhyay

The United States(Jan-Mar2026)
Tariffs, Ukraine, Iran and Operationalization of Trumps World Order
March 2026 | CWA # 2042

Preetha Renganarayanan

Five Takeaways of the US Annual Threat Assessment (ATA) Report for 2026
March 2026 | CWA # 2039

Femy Francis

Trump-Xi Meeting
Why did Trump reschedule it? What does that mean?
March 2026 | CWA # 2035

Akshath Kaimal

Pakistan-Afghanistan Conflict
Broken ceasefire, Expanding military strikes and Worsening humanitarian situation
March 2026 | CWA # 2033

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal after elections:
Five major challenges for the new government
March 2026 | CWA # 2024

Lekshmi MK

The UN and the Iran-US War
UNSC Resolution 2817 between Clear and Unified Message and Manifest Injustice
March 2026 | CWA # 2023

Femy Francis

Chinas Two Sessions 2026
New Five-Year Plan, Ethnic Unity Law, and an Enhanced Defence Budget
March 2026 | CWA # 2019

Akshath Kaimal

Rising Violence in Nigeria
Limited State Capacity, Multiple Actors, and a Complex Security Environment
March 2026 | CWA # 2012

Padmashree Anandhan

The War in Ukraine
Long-range strikes, Defence adaptation and the EUs energy dependence
March 2026 | CWA # 2010

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal Elections 2026
The Rise of the New and the Fall of the Old
March 2026 | CWA # 2009

Sreemaya Nair

Nepal Elections 2026
Rise of a new leadership and Reset in political landscape
March 2026 | CWA # 2004

Akshath Kaimal

The Forgotten South Sudan Conflict
Instability returns, with a fragile peace agreement, uptick in violence and limited international engagement
March 2026 | CWA # 2003

Yesasvi Koganti

PM Modis Visit to Israel
From bilateral ties to a special strategic partnership
March 2026 | CWA # 2001

Preetha Renganarayanan

Six major takeaways on the economy, border and internal security and Iran
February 2026 | CWA # 1998

Anu Maria Joseph

Instability in Sudan
Response to the genocide call and the threats of a regional spillover
February 2026 | CWA # 1986

Preetha Renganarayanan

Focus on Trade, Defense, Energy and Regional Connectivity
February 2026 | CWA # 1985

Abhimanyu Solanki

Basant in Pakistan
The return of Basant, and what it signifies
February 2026 | CWA # 1977

Anu Maria Joseph

Violence in Nigeria
US military deployment amidst worsening insurgency
February 2026 | CWA # 1976

Lekshmi MK

The War in Ukraine
The Geneva Talks and Growing Negotiation Asymmetry
December 2025 | CWA # 1971

Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi

Pakistan Budget 2025-26
Legislating stabilisation under IMF discipline and coalition constraints
December 2025 | CWA # 1970

Aparna A Nair

Pakistan & China
Ten Years of China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC)
November 2025 | CWA # 1968

Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi

Pakistan and the US
A New opening, or another cycle?
February 2026 | CWA # 1959

Yesasvi Koganti

UK and China
PM Keir Starmers visit and the Recalibration of Economic, Strategic, and Domestic ties
January 2026 | CWA # 1946

Preetha Renganarayanan

The Davos Summit 2026
Five Major Takeaways from The World Economic Forum
December 2025 | CWA # 1931

Padmashree Anandhan

NATO Summit 2025
December 2025 | CWA # 1924

Padmashree Anandhan

NATO Summit 2025
December 2025 | CWA # 1914

Preetha Renganarayanan

November 2025 | CWA # 1841

IPRI Team

October 2025 | CWA # 1828

Brighty Ann Sarah

October 2025 | CWA # 1827

GP Team

September 2025 | CWA # 1819

Ayan Datta

Africa
September 2025 | CWA # 1816

Brighty Ann Sarah

The Middle East
September 2025 | CWA # 1815

Anshuman Behera

South Asia
September 2025 | CWA # 1814

Anshuman Behera

South Asia
September 2025 | CWA # 1812

Kasvi Batra

China, East Asia and Southeast Asia
August 2025 | CWA # 1801

R Preetha

28 August 1963
Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech and the Civil Rights Movement in the US
August 2025 | CWA # 1796

Ditipriya Ghosh

August 2025 | CWA # 1795

Anu Maria Joseph

August 2025 | CWA # 1790

GP Team

The World This Week#323-324
The Trump-Putin meeting & the US-China tariff extension
August 2025 | CWA # 1787

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

What is the background? And what does it mean?
August 2025 | CWA # 1786

Astha Panda

Fewer births, Smaller families and Out-migration
August 2025 | CWA # 1780

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

Trump tariffs:
Weaponization of access to the US economy
August 2025 | CWA # 1779

GP Team

The World This Week#322
US tariffs on India, Brazil and Canada & the EU-US trade deal
August 2025 | CWA # 1778

Lekshmi MK

28 July 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, starting the First World War
July 2025 | CWA # 1773

Lekshmi MK

July 2025 | CWA # 1772

Kasvi Batra

Another setback for the ruling party
July 2025 | CWA # 1771

Swati Sood

Prioritizing Neighbors
July 2025 | CWA # 1770

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

Pakistan-Afghanistan relations:
Why the focus on terrorism, refugees, and Uzbekistan as the third partner?
July 2025 | CWA # 1769

GP Team

The World This Week#321
Indian PM Modi's visit to the Maldives I Elections to the Upper House in Japan
July 2025 | CWA # 1768

IPRI Team

July 2025 | CWA # 1767

Naomi Miriam Mathew

Minerals, Markets, and Military
July 2025 | CWA # 1765

Kasvi Batra

Balancing Economic Interests, Strategic Tensions and a Soft Power Recalibration
July 2025 | CWA # 1762

Lekshmi MK

What is the phenomenon? What are its effects? And who are more vulnerable?
July 2025 | CWA # 1760

NIAS Global Politics Team

July 2025 | CWA # 1759

Padmashree Anandhan

July 2025 | CWA # 1750

Swati Sood

July 2025 | CWA # 1749

R Preetha

Africa as the Hunger Epicenter
Of the 13 Global Hunger Hotspots, 8 are in Africa: Five reasons why
July 2025 | CWA # 1744

Chittrothu Vaihali

EU-Canada Summit 2025
What is security and defence partnership all about?
July 2025 | CWA # 1743

M Kejia

A Significant Visit for a Road to Strategic Partnership
July 2025 | CWA # 1742

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly # 287-88
The 12 Day War and the Congo-Rwanda Peace Deal
July 2025 | CWA # 1739

Swati Sood 

Why now, what next?
July 2025 | CWA # 1738

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Thailand and Cambodia
What was the phone call between PM Shinawatra and President of Senate Hun Sen? What is the border dispute between the two? Why has this become an issue?
June 2025 | CWA # 1735

Padmashree Anandhan

NATO Summit 2025:
Trump making Europe great again
June 2025 | CWA # 1734

GP Team

The World This Week #317
NATO Summit 2025 and Russia-Mali bilateral agreements
June 2025 | CWA # 1733

Ananya Dinesh

What was the recent China-PIC joint statement about? What it says, and what it means?
June 2025 | CWA # 1731

Farhaz Rashid Ahmed

Where does the Black Lives Matter Movement stand today?
June 2025 | CWA # 1728

M Kejia

G7 Summit 2025:
The Focus on the Middle East and Trade negotiations
June 2025 | CWA # 1726

GP Team

The World This Week #316
China-Central Asia Summit in Kazakhstan, and the G7 Summit in Canada
June 2025 | CWA # 1725

Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia

Operation Midnight Hammer: US bombs three nuclear sites in Iran
What were the three Iranian nuclear sites that were targeted? What are the B2 Bombers and Bunker Buster Bombs? What do these attacks mean? What Next?
June 2025 | CWA # 1724

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly #286
The Spiralling Israel-Iran Crisis, and the Dangerous Hunger Hotspots
June 2025 | CWA # 1722

Rizwana Banu S

Why is Diego Garcia important to the US?
June 2025 | CWA # 1721

Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M

Who are the Afrikaners?
Why is Trump interested in the Afrikaner question in South Africa?
June 2025 | CWA # 1720

Lekshmi MK

New WMO Report on Arctic Warming
What are the social, economic and environmental implications of Arctic warming
June 2025 | CWA # 1719

J Yamini  

What contributes to the rise of BYD
June 2025 | CWA # 1717

J Yamini

Gender Violence in Pakistan:
What are the larger issues in the Noor Mukadam case?
June 2025 | CWA # 1715

Femy Francis

The US-China:
On Tariffs, Rare Earths and Visas
June 2025 | CWA # 1713

GP Team

The World This Week #315
The UN Ocean Conference in France and the US-China Meeting in London
June 2025 | CWA # 1711

Gauri Gupta

June 2025 | CWA # 1709

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly #284-285
Cambodia-Thailand Border Tensions, Protests in the US, and the Indigenous Mori question in New Zealand
June 2025 | CWA # 1708

Santhiya M

The RPP and UML showcase their strength in the streets of Kathmandu
June 2025 | CWA # 1706

Merin Treesa Alex

Instability to possible stability
June 2025 | CWA # 1705

GP Team

The World This Week #314
Elections in South Korea and Poland I China and the Pacific Island Countries I Bangladesh Election Announcement 2026
June 2025 | CWA # 1702

Lekshmi MK

June 2025 | CWA # 1701

Santhiya M

June 2025 | CWA # 1700

R Preetha

Ethiopia bans the TPLF
What does the TPLF ban mean for the Pretoria agreement? What next for Ethiopia?
June 2025 | CWA # 1698

Gauri Gupta

June 2025 | CWA # 1694

Aashish Ganeshan

The US:
Harvard vs Trump Administration
June 2025 | CWA # 1693

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

The focus on Politics, Trade and Defence
June 2025 | CWA # 1691

GP Team

The World This Week #313
China-ASEAN-GCC Summit I President Macron's visit to South East Asia I Trump Vs Harvard
May 2025 | CWA # 1690

GP Team

The World This Week #312
Elections in Romania, Portugal & Poland I UK-EU Summit
May 2025 | CWA # 1689

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine
May 2025 | CWA # 1688

Ayan Datta

Gaza
May 2025 | CWA # 1685

Aparna A Nair

UK-EU Summit:
First step towards a reset
May 2025 | CWA # 1684

Farhaz Rashid Ahmed

No clear winners, yet
May 2025 | CWA # 1683

Aashish Ganeshan

Elections in Portugal:
The Rise of Chega Party and the Search for Political Stability
May 2025 | CWA # 1680

Padmashree Anandhan

May 2025 | CWA # 1678

Gauri Gupta

China in Latin America
China-CELAC forum: Strengthening ties with Latin America and Caribbean
May 2025 | CWA # 1677

GP Team

The World This Week #310-311
China in Latin America and the Carribbean I Trump's Middle East Visit I Denmark as the new Arctic Chair
May 2025 | CWA # 1675

Lekshmi MK

Turkey:
PKK disbands after 40 years of armed insurgency
May 2025 | CWA # 1674

Anu Maria Joseph

May 2025 | CWA # 1673

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine:
The Discussion in Turkiye and the Elusive Ceasefire
May 2025 | CWA # 1671

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

US, Ukraine and Russia:
Air attacks amidst a Minerals deal and Ceasefire Proposals
May 2025 | CWA # 1669

Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi

On Memory, Justice, Diplomacy, Strategy, and Narratives
May 2025 | CWA # 1667

R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah

East Asia:
Tough Tariff Negotiations with the US
May 2025 | CWA # 1666

Padmashree Anandhan

The US-Ukraine
The mineral deal with the US
May 2025 | CWA # 1665
Conflict Weekly # 280-81
India-Pakistan De-escalation I Ukraine Discussion in Istanbul I The Battle over Port Sudan I Disbanding of PKK in Turkiye I France-Algeria Diplomatic Tensions
May 2025 | CWA # 1663

R Preetha

Canada Elections 2025:
What do the results convey? What next for Mark Carney?
April 2025 | CWA # 1658

GP Team

April 2025 | CWA # 1657

Abhishiktha S Kumar

Who wants the King to return and who opposes it?
April 2025 | CWA # 1655

IPRI Team

April 2025 | CWA # 1642

Esther Gamako Zugwai

March 2025 | CWA # 1641

Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi

March 2025 | CWA # 1639

Anu Maria Joseph

March 2025 | CWA # 1634

Nuha Aamina

March 2025 | CWA # 1622

GP Team

March 2025 | CWA # 1621

Vaneeta

March 2025 | CWA # 1613

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

March 2025 | CWA # 1609

IPRI Team

January 2025 | CWA # 1594

Ayan Datta

February 2025 | CWA # 1592

South Asia Brief Team

February 2025 | CWA # 1591

GP Team

February 2025 | CWA # 1590

IPRI Team

December 2024 | CWA # 1579

Sayeka Ghosh

January 2025 | CWA # 1573

Vaneeta

January 2025 | CWA # 1570

Vaneeta

January 2025 | CWA # 1565

GP Team

January 2025 | CWA # 1563

IPRI Team

January 2025 | CWA # 1562

Ayan Datta

December 2024 | CWA # 1555

Nupur Priya

November 2024 | CWA # 1544

Ayan Datta

November 2024 | CWA # 1537

Rohini Reenum

October 2024 | CWA # 1522

Advik S Mohan

October 2024 | CWA # 1480

IPRI Team

October 2024 | CWA # 1479

GP Team

September 2024 | CWA # 1476

Advik S Mohan

September 2024 | CWA # 1472

IPRI Team

August 2024 | CWA # 1465

IPRI Team

August 2024 | CWA # 1458

Samruddhi Pathak

August 2024 | CWA # 1457

Padmashree Anandhan

August 2024 | CWA # 1448

IPRI Team

August 2024 | CWA # 1446

IPRI Team

August 2024 | CWA # 1445

Anu Maria Joseph

August 2024 | CWA # 1444

Ayan Datta

August 2024 | CWA # 1442

Vetriselvi Baskaran

August 2024 | CWA # 1437

Prajwal T V

August 2024 | CWA # 1427

Ken B Varghese

July 2024 | CWA # 1416

GP Team

July 2024 | CWA # 1413

Ramya B

July 2024 | CWA # 1404

Vetriselvi Baskaran

July 2024 | CWA # 1392

Ayan Datta

June 2024 | CWA # 1377

GP Team

June 2024 | CWA # 1368

Ayan Datta & Sayeka Ghosh

June 2024 | CWA # 1355

GP Team

June 2024 | CWA # 1349

Padmashree Anandhan

June 2024 | CWA # 1339

LS Hareesh

May 2024 | CWA # 1336

Femy Francis

May 2024 | CWA # 1330

Akhil Ajith

May 2024 | CWA # 1321

Akhil Ajith

May 2024 | CWA # 1320

Femy Francis

May 2024 | CWA # 1318

Akhil Ajith

May 2024 | CWA # 1311

Akhil Ajith

May 2024 | CWA # 1310

Dhriti Mukherjee

May 2024 | CWA # 1308

GP Team

May 2024 | CWA # 1307

IPRI Team

April 2024 | CWA # 1286

Karthik Manoharan

April 2024 | CWA # 1282

Femy Francis

April 2024 | CWA # 1275

Ramya B

April 2024 | CWA # 1273

GP Team

April 2024 | CWA # 1265

Devi Chandana M

March 2024 | CWA # 1251

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
March 2024 | CWA # 1246

Sivasubramanian K

March 2024 | CWA # 1243

GP Team

February 2024 | CWA # 1226

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
January 2024 | CWA # 1211

Bibhu Prasad Routray

January 2024 | CWA # 1199

GP Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1152

GP Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1150

NIAS Africa Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1149

Sneha Surendran

November 2023 | CWA # 1148

GP Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1146

IPRI Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1142

GP Team

November 2023 | CWA # 1140

GP Team

July 2023 | CWA # 1114

Prerana P

June 2023 | CWA # 1113

CR Team

October 2023 | CWA # 1091

Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri

Issues for Europe
October 2023 | CWA # 1090

Yogeswari S

October 2023 | CWA # 1087

PR Team

October 2023 | CWA # 1083

GP Team

September 2023 | CWA # 1076

IPRI Team

September 2023 | CWA # 1071

Dhriti Mukherjee

August 2023 | CWA # 1070

Ankit Singh

September 2023 | CWA # 1067

PR Team

September 2023 | CWA # 1062

Feben Itty

September 2023 | CWA # 1061

Genesy B

September 2023 | CWA # 1060

Sreeja JS

August 2023 | CWA # 1049

IPRI Team

August 2023 | CWA # 1045

NIAS Africa Team

August 2023 | CWA # 1043

Sneha Surendran

August 2023 | CWA # 1042

Nithyashree RB

August 2023 | CWA # 1038

Anu Maria Joseph

August 2023 | CWA # 1036

NIAS Africa Team

August 2023 | CWA # 1024

NIAS Africa Team

July 2023 | CWA # 1022

Ankita Dutta

July 2023 | CWA # 1019

Sneha Surendran

July 2023 | CWA # 1016

Medini Hegde

July 2023 | CWA # 1015

Ramya Balasubramanian

July 2023 | CWA # 1009

GP Team

July 2023 | CWA # 1008

IPRI Team

June 2023 | CWA # 985

GP Team

June 2023 | CWA # 977

NIAS Africa Team

June 2023 | CWA # 976

Jerry Franklin

June 2023 | CWA # 974

Akshaya S

June 2023 | CWA # 968

Rishika Yadav and Nityashree RB

May 2023 | CWA # 955

Amit Gupta

May 2023 | CWA # 953

GP Team

May 2023 | CWA # 952

Rishika Yadav

April 2023 | CWA # 943

NIAS Africa Team

April 2023 | CWA # 935

GP Team

March 2023 | CWA # 931

Himani Pant

March 2023 | CWA # 929

IPRI Team

March 2023 | CWA # 927

Indrani Talukdar

January 2023 | CWA # 922

Bhoomika Sesharaj

January 2023 | CWA # 921

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

March 2023 | CWA # 919

NIAS Africa Team

January 2023 | CWA # 901

Riya Itisha Ekka

January 2023 | CWA # 900

Apoorva Sudhakar

January 2023 | CWA # 899

Sayani Rana

January 2023 | CWA # 892

IPRI Team

January 2023 | CWA # 891

NIAS Africa Team

December 2022 | CWA # 886

Sethuraman Nadarajan

December 2022 | CWA # 879

Padmashree Anandhan

The Ukraine War
December 2022 | CWA # 872

Sapna Elsa Abraham

November 2022 | CWA # 848

Vignesh Ram

November 2022 | CWA # 838

Rishma Banerjee

Tracing Europe's droughts
November 2022 | CWA # 836

Padmashree Anandhan

November 2022 | CWA # 833

Rishma Banerjee

November 2022 | CWA # 814

IPRI Team

October 2022 | CWA # 809

Padmashree Anandhan

October 2022 | CWA # 808

Devjyoti Saha

October 2022 | CWA # 807

Dr Beena

October 2022 | CWA # 794

GP Team

September 2022 | CWA # 786

GP Team

July 2022 | CWA # 769

NIAS Africa Team

July 2022 | CWA # 762

Padmashree Anandhan

July 2022 | CWA # 760

GP Team

July 2022 | CWA # 759

IPRI Team

July 2022 | CWA # 757

IPRI Team

July 2022 | CWA # 756

NIAS Africa Team

June 2022 | CWA # 751

NIAS Africa Team

June 2022 | CWA # 743

NIAS Africa Team

April 2022 | CWA # 724

IPRI Team

April 2022 | CWA # 723

STIR Team

April 2022 | CWA # 720

GP Team

April 2022 | CWA # 719

IPRI Team

March 2022 | CWA # 707

GP Team

March 2022 | CWA # 706

IPRI Team

March 2022 | CWA # 705

NIAS Africa Team

In Focus: Libya
March 2022 | CWA # 703

IPRI Team

March 2022 | CWA # 701

GP Team

March 2022 | CWA # 697

Avishka Ashok

March 2022 | CWA # 696

Nireekshan Bollimpalli 

March 2022 | CWA # 695

IPRI Team

March 2022 | CWA # 693

PR Team

March 2022 | CWA # 692

GP Team

March 2022 | CWA # 691

IPRI Team

February 2022 | CWA # 689

GP Team

February 2022 | CWA # 688

Padmashree Anandhan

February 2022 | CWA # 685

IPRI Team

February 2022 | CWA # 683
February 2022 | CWA # 682

IPRI Team

February 2022 | CWA # 679

Porkkodi Ganeshpandian and Angkuran Dey

February 2022 | CWA # 678

Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan 

February 2022 | CWA # 668

Amit Gupta

January 2022 | CWA # 653

STIR Team

January 2022 | CWA # 645

Ankit Singh

January 2022 | CWA # 640

Ankit Singh

January 2022 | CWA # 639

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

January 2022 | CWA # 638

Sneha M

December 2021 | CWA # 630

GP Team

Europe in 2021
November 2021 | CWA # 613

GP Team

November 2021 | CWA # 610

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

November 2021 | CWA # 602

D. Suba Chandran

October 2021 | CWA # 595

Joeana Cera Matthews 

October 2021 | CWA # 593

Harini Madhusudhan

October 2021 | CWA # 590

Sneha M

October 2021 | CWA # 588

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

TLP is back again
October 2021 | CWA # 586

Apoorva Sudhakar

October 2021 | CWA # 584

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

September 2021 | CWA # 560

Apoorva Sudhakar

September 2021 | CWA # 550

Joeana Cera Matthews 

September 2021 | CWA # 547

Lokendra Sharma

August 2021 | CWA # 539

STIR Team

August 2021 | CWA # 533

Dincy Adlakha

August 2021 | CWA # 532

Sarthak Jain

August 2021 | CWA # 528

STIR Team

Space Tourism
July 2021 | CWA # 512

Mohamad Aseel Ummer

July 2021 | CWA # 503

GP Team

June 2021 | CWA # 498

Gurpreet Singh

May 2021 | CWA # 467

Lokendra Sharma

May 2021 | CWA # 464

GP Team

April 2021 | CWA # 456

GP Team

March 2021 | CWA # 440

IPRI Team

February 2021 | CWA # 436

IPRI Team

February 2021 | CWA # 434

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

February 2021 | CWA # 428

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

February 2021 | CWA # 427

Apoorva Sudhakar

February 2021 | CWA # 424

GP Team

January 2021 | CWA # 415

GP Team

January 2021 | CWA # 411

D Suba Chandran

December 2020 | CWA # 405

Mallika Devi

December 2020 | CWA # 404

Harini Madhusudan

December 2020 | CWA # 403

Kamna Tiwary

December 2020 | CWA # 400

Sourina Bej

November 2020 | CWA # 369

IPRI Team

September 2020 | CWA # 337

Anju Annie Mammen

September 2020 | CWA # 336

Harini Madhusudan

September 2020 | CWA # 335

Sourina Bej

August 2020 | CWA # 320

IPRI Team

June 2020 | CWA # 304

Padmashree A

May 2020 | CWA # 295

GP Team

May 2020 | CWA # 293

Boa Wang

May 2020 | CWA # 288

Adnan Aziz Chowdhury

May 2020 | CWA # 286

Boa Wang

May 2020 | CWA # 283

GP Team

April 2020 | CWA # 277

IPRI Team

April 2020 | CWA # 272

GP Team

April 2020 | CWA # 271

IPRI Team

April 2020 | CWA # 259

GP Team

April 2020 | CWA # 255

GP Team

April 2020 | CWA # 253

IPRI Team

March 2020 | CWA # 250

Rashmi Ramesh

March 2020 | CWA # 240

GP Team

March 2020 | CWA # 239

IPRI Team

February 2020 | CWA # 235

Lakshmi V Menon

February 2020 | CWA # 212

GP Team

January 2020 | CWA # 209

Boa Wang

January 2020 | CWA # 208

Vivek Mishra

December 2019 | CWA # 196

Harini Madhusudan

November 2019 | CWA # 179

Rashmi Ramesh

October 2019 | CWA # 178

Sourina Bej

September 2019 | CWA # 164

GP Team

September 2019 | CWA # 162

Lakshman Chakravarthy N

5G: A Primer
September 2019 | CWA # 161

Rashmi Ramesh

July 2019 | CWA # 147

Vivek Mishra

June 2019 | CWA # 134

Sourina Bej

June 2019 | CWA # 133

Harini Madhusudan

June 2019 | CWA # 126

Jerin George

June 2019 | CWA # 124

GP Team

May 2019 | CWA # 117

Sourina Bej

May 2019 | CWA # 114

GP Team

May 2019 | CWA # 113

GP Team

April 2019 | CWA # 111

GP Team

January 2019 | CWA # 80

Abhishrut Singh

January 2019 | CWA # 78

Kriti

January 2019 | CWA # 77

Komal Tiwary

December 2018 | CWA # 71

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal
December 2018 | CWA # 70

Nasima Khatoon

The Maldives
December 2018 | CWA # 69

Harini Madhusudan

India
December 2018 | CWA # 68

Sourina Bej

Bangladesh
December 2018 | CWA # 67

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Afghanistan
September 2018 | CWA # 58

Aparupa Bhattacherjee

August 2018 | CWA # 52

Oishee Majumdar

July 2018 | CWA # 47

Rahul Arockiaraj

July 2018 | CWA # 40

Rahul Arockiaraj

June 2018 | CWA # 26

Siddhatti Mehta

June 2018 | CWA # 21

Harini Madhusudan

May 2018 | CWA # 8

Samreen Wani

May 2018 | CWA # 1

Samreen Wani