The World This Quarter

CWA # 2232
The World This Quarter
Latin America (Apr-Jun 2026):
The 'Right' Electoral Tilt, Upswing in Venezuela-India relations, and Argentina's Energy Rise

Dattesh D Parulekar 
11 August 2026
Photo Source:

The second quarter in Latin America saw the electoral politics shifting towards the right, the visit of Venezuela’s acting president to India, and the focus on bilateral energy relations, rise in Argentina’s oil production, and the 17th Conference of Defence Ministers of the Americas, where the US emphasized the “Donroe Doctrine.” The quarter also witnessed Mercosur announcing the launch of negotiations, with Japan.

1. Electoral Politics Oscillating ‘Right’
If the political regime typology, spanning the epoch of the late 1990s into much of the 2000s, was epitomized by the proverbial “Pink Tide,” symbolizing a pivot to populist left-leaning dispensations across Latin America, then the trans-continent can currently, fairly be described, as having swung into a ‘Right-tilt’ in recent years, marked by the rising tide of conservative and far-right leaders helming key countries viz., Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, El Salvador, Honduras, Peru and more. 

The recent victories of President-elect Abelardo de la Espriella in Colombia in June and newly sworn-in President Keiko Fujimori in Peru (July), have reinforced this evolving entrenching trend. Riding the crest of iron-fisted pledges to alleviate surging crime, bolster weakening economic fundamentals, and arrest irregular migration has led to wringing electoral endorsements. This also translates into hitching their policy preferences to the Trump bandwagon, with both Espriella and Fujimori announcing their intentions to join the US-led “Shield of the Americas” initiative, besides, indicating a potential mirroring replication of Trump-minted policies, across socio-economic realms. 

With Trump doubling-down on recapturing ceded space across the Western hemisphere, with the penchant to avail every instrument in the tool-box, and Espriella in particular, underscoring his desire to see Washington return, to country shores with Plan Colombia 2.0, a throwback to when the US wielded military bases and deployed extra-judicial subversive actions, the regional politico-ideological fault-lines, point to greater internal rancour and dysfunction, amidst the trenchant US-China geostrategic contestation in the Americas. 
Colombia under former left-winger Gustavo Petro became the 22nd country in the LAC (Latin America and the Caribbean) region to sign on to the Chinese BRI in 2025. Peru, amidst a spate of political instability and witnessing a slew of short-stint Presidents, became the landing point to the Chinese constructed Chanqay port, whose dynamics seek to fundamentally shake-up seaborne Latin America–Asia Pacific trade logistics trajectories. How the newly saddled incumbents in Bogota and Lima given their predominantly extractive commoditized economic profiles, navigate this geopolitical minefield, is going to be intriguing to discern. 

Notwithstanding, all eyes are now on the big prize–the October Brazilian Presidential election, with tensions rising, as Lula’s regime proscribes specific US officials from sojourning, citing informed suspicions of electoral-interference and influence-peddling, in favour of challenger, Senator Flavio Bolsonaro. 

2. Venezuelan leader dials into Delhi
Long years ago, populist leftist President Hugo Chavez had sojourned to India, in a visit that was clothed in high symbolism, involving an open-top car parade through the streets of Kolkata, West Bengal, in a sign of kindred Communist solidarity and adulation. Since then, while no Presidential sojourn, either again by Chavez or his handpicked successor Maduro fructified, even though Venezuelan VPs and Foreign Ministers have been on periodic visits. 

The visit of Acting-President Ms. Delcy Rodriguez Gomez in early June 2026, though lacking substantive outcomes in terms of agreements, the five day working visit was calibrated, in terms of its political-import, policy-pertinence, and soft-power affinities, endeavouring to lay the foundation for cemented broad-ranging institutionalised equations. The Interim President’s five day working visit to India, having been announced by the US Secretary of State Marco Rubio is indicative of Venezuela’s current condition of sovereign-supplicance. 

With the Hormuz Straits crisis, strategic diversification, in favour of less restive geographic coordinates, remains New Delhi’s top-tier priority, in the context of import-destinations for fossil fuels. Venezuela, beholding more captive oil than Saudi Arabia, constitutes a major potential hub for regularised sourcing by India, Venezuela is the third largest oil importer and the fourth biggest exporter of refined crude products. With Venezuela enduring browbeating US sanctions and a pincer-like dependency on China for much of the 21st century, India often reckoned it prudent, to keep ties with Caracas narrowly focussed but markedly tepid, even as it progressively crafted a wider South American and broader regional strategic engagement. Now, with the US exerting a vice-like grip over Venezuelan crude flows and pressing countries like India to explore systematized energy relations with itself and Venezuela, and with India’s Russian sourcing coming under tangible prospect of hard-hitting wide-ranging US proscription, New Delhi is actively courting Caracas to underwrite its energy security; pivotal to domestic and global macroeconomic stability. 

Though speculative, PM Modi is expected to undertake a maiden visit to Venezuela. Notwithstanding, the energy commercials within the relationship, ties have the potential to blossom, coalesced around other viable complementarities in terms of Indian corporate investments into allied Venezuelan extractive sectors (minerals and metals), besides, leveraging Indian cost-effective and democratised offerings for Venezuelan nation-building and strategic capacitation, in the socially beneficent realms of agri-and-animal husbandry, healthcare-and-wellness infrastructure, education and capacity-building training, digitalisation ecosystem, civilian-space technologies, administrative and institutional support, etc. The publicised devotion of Madam Rodriguez to Sathya Sai Baba and frequent callings at his Ashram in years gone by, borne out by similar reverence from other ministers, adds further spiritual spunk.

4. Rise of Argentina as the Oil-Gas Loop of Latin America
Argentina’s oil production has soared on the back of the Vaca Muerta Shale Fields, breaking new records. Oil output is expected to clock 1.5 million bpd by 2030, with natural gas, expected to surge over 6 billion cubic feet, per day. The Vaca Muerta is regarded as one of the most promising unconventional oil and gas finds, reposed of an estimated 16 billion barrels of oil and a staggering 308 trillion cubic feet of natural gas. The Vaca Muerta shale formations, are regarded to be superior to their US counterparts, harbouring greater efficiency and enjoying longer productive lifespans, with breakeven costs pegged, at USD 36-45 a barrel. With sulphur content under 0.5 per cent, it’s considered more propitious for refining petroleum products, compared with other South American peers. India discovered Argentine LNG possibilities only more recently, but which has served as an important lifeline, since the breakout of hostilities in the Hormuz. 

In this regard, India’s Adani Ports securing the decadal contract to provide marine services for Argentina’s first LNG contract is instructive. With an investment to the tune of USD 70 million, the project in its first phase, envisages production of 2.45 MT of LNG annually, equivalent to approximately 28 cargoes per year, making it Argentina’s first operational LNG export project. The project comports with the bilateral deal with India, which envisions annualised LNG exports in the vicinity of 10 million tonnes, starting 2027. 

5. ‘Donroe’ Doctrine at Defence Summit
US Under Secretary of Defence for Policy Elbridge Colby, standing-in for his boss Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth at the 17th Conference of Defence Ministers of the Americas, courted controversy through inflammatory characterisation of drug cartels and allied terror outfits punctuating the Latin American landscape, as the “ISIS of the Western Hemisphere”, which reminisced George W. Bush’s phrase to unsavoury regime countries, as constituting the “Axis of Evil.” In language that was nothing short of condescension reeking of Monroe styled imperialism in Donroe mould, Colby sought to disabuse notions of US interests in Latin America, stemming from desire for geographic aggrandisement or resources corral, but instead, from security spaces and defence choices enabling “negative externalities spilling into the US.” Imposing the proverbial “three asks” of the regions’ sovereigns, Colby firstly emphasized the imperative for ramped-up national defence spending, beyond the meagre 1 per cent of GDP, and upwards in-ranges embraced by the Europeans, holding-up the Peruvian act of acquiring US F-16s, as a potential template to be replicated. Furthermore, he insisted upon Latin American countries taking greater ownership, over protecting critical infrastructure and strategic assets, viz., mineral and energy resources, and public utilities infrastructure, from being ensnared by non-hemispheric adversarial powers. Besides, he underscored the full latitude that Washington enjoyed and consequently arrogated to itself, to deploy any instrumentality, whether vide partner-led joint-kinetic operations with regional militaries or even unilaterally, if warranted. 

6. South American Strategic Autonomy rolls on
The influential South American trade grouping ‘Mercosur’ (Southern Common Market) has announced the formal launch of negotiations, with the world’s fourth largest economy Japan for an economic partnership agreement, that would eventually morph into a free trade area, hemming-in 400 million people and a composite USD 7 trillion GDP economy. This follows the successful conclusion of protracted negotiations with the EU, which wound down earlier this year and resulted in provisional operationalization of the deal, since 1 May 2026. With Mercosur announcing definitive plans, to close out an expansive economic arrangement with Canada, and proactively exploring one with China, not to mention continuing discussions on elevating the Preferential Trading Agreement with India, to a full-fledged FTA, it’s nothing short of a robust and resolute autonomous pushback against Trump tariffs, as also a cogent signal of a mutually beneficent shaping Global North-Global South cooperative compact across trade, investment, technology and higher-order migration regimes. 

About the author

Dr Dattesh D. Parulekar is an Assistant Professor at the School of International and Area Studies, Goa University.


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Brighty Ann Sarah

State of Peace and Conflict 2025
December 2025 | CWA # 1893

Lekshmi MK

State of Peace and Conflict 2025
December 2025 | CWA # 1889

Femy Francis

State of Peace and Conflict 2025
December 2025 | CWA # 1881

Sunidhi Sampige

China Reader
December 2025 | CWA # 1864

Femy Francis

Ten Takeaways of a SCMP Interview with a former PLA Colonel
TWTW Note
December 2025 | CWA # 1861

Femy Francis

China Reader
CW Column: The Conflicts in The Middle East
November 2025 | CWA # 1859

Brighty Ann Sarah

CW Column: The War in Ukraine
November 2025 | CWA # 1858

Padmashree Anandhan

This Week in History
August 2025 | CWA # 1801

R Preetha

28 August 1963
Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream" speech and the Civil Rights Movement in the US
The World This Week
August 2025 | CWA # 1790

GP Team

The World This Week#323-324
The Trump-Putin meeting & the US-China tariff extension
TWTW note
August 2025 | CWA # 1780

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

Trump tariffs:
Weaponization of access to the US economy
The World This Week
August 2025 | CWA # 1779

GP Team

The World This Week#322
US tariffs on India, Brazil and Canada & the EU-US trade deal
This Week in History
August 2025 | CWA # 1778

Lekshmi MK

28 July 1914
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia, starting the First World War
Global Politics Explainer
July 2025 | CWA # 1770

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

Pakistan-Afghanistan relations:
Why the focus on terrorism, refugees, and Uzbekistan as the third partner?
The World This Week
July 2025 | CWA # 1769

GP Team

The World This Week#321
Indian PM Modi's visit to the Maldives I Elections to the Upper House in Japan
Global Politics Explainer
July 2025 | CWA # 1762

Lekshmi MK

Ocean Darkening: 
What is the phenomenon? What are its effects? And who are more vulnerable?
Global Politics Explainer
July 2025 | CWA # 1749

R Preetha

Africa as the Hunger Epicenter
Of the 13 Global Hunger Hotspots, 8 are in Africa: Five reasons why
The World This Week
July 2025 | CWA # 1748

GP Team

The World This Week #318
PM Modi’s Visit to Trinidad and Tobago & Ghana, One big beautiful bill, and Quad Foreign Ministers Meeting
Global Politics Explainer
July 2025 | CWA # 1744

Chittrothu Vaihali

EU-Canada Summit 2025
What is security and defence partnership all about?
Conflict Weekly
July 2025 | CWA # 1742

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly # 287-88
The 12 Day War and the Congo-Rwanda Peace Deal
Global Politics Explainer
July 2025 | CWA # 1738

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Thailand and Cambodia
What was the phone call between PM Shinawatra and President of Senate Hun Sen? What is the border dispute between the two? Why has this become an issue?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1735

Padmashree Anandhan

NATO Summit 2025:
Trump making Europe great again
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1734

GP Team

The World This Week #317
NATO Summit 2025 and Russia-Mali bilateral agreements
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1733

Ananya Dinesh

China and the Pacific Islands 
What was the recent China-PIC joint statement about? What it says, and what it means?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1728

M Kejia

G7 Summit 2025:
The Focus on the Middle East and Trade negotiations
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1726

GP Team

The World This Week #316
China-Central Asia Summit in Kazakhstan, and the G7 Summit in Canada
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1725

Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia

Operation Midnight Hammer: US bombs three nuclear sites in Iran
What were the three Iranian nuclear sites that were targeted? What are the B2 Bombers and Bunker Buster Bombs? What do these attacks mean? What Next?
Conflict Weekly
June 2025 | CWA # 1724

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly #286
The Spiralling Israel-Iran Crisis, and the Dangerous Hunger Hotspots
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1721

Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M

Who are the Afrikaners?
Why is Trump interested in the Afrikaner question in South Africa?
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1720

Lekshmi MK

New WMO Report on Arctic Warming
What are the social, economic and environmental implications of Arctic warming
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1719

J Yamini  

China’s EV Surge
What contributes to the rise of BYD
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1717

J Yamini

Gender Violence in Pakistan:
What are the larger issues in the Noor Mukadam case?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1715

Femy Francis

The US-China:
On Tariffs, Rare Earths and Visas
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1713

GP Team

The World This Week #315
The UN Ocean Conference in France and the US-China Meeting in London
CW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1712

R Preetha

The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1705

GP Team

The World This Week #314
Elections in South Korea and Poland I China and the Pacific Island Countries I Bangladesh Election Announcement 2026
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1703

M Kejia 

Sagarmatha Sambaad in Nepal
Kathmandu’s Global Agenda for the Himalayas
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1700

R Preetha

Ethiopia bans the TPLF
What does the TPLF ban mean for the Pretoria agreement? What next for Ethiopia?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1694

Aashish Ganeshan

The US:
Harvard vs Trump Administration
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1691

GP Team

The World This Week #313
China-ASEAN-GCC Summit I President Macron's visit to South East Asia I Trump Vs Harvard
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1690

GP Team

The World This Week #312
Elections in Romania, Portugal & Poland I UK-EU Summit
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1689

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine
Continuing Russia’s Aerial Attacks, despite exchange of prisoners
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1688

Ayan Datta

Gaza
The Humanitarian Crisis and Israel’s Renewed Offensive
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1685

Aparna A Nair

UK-EU Summit:
First step towards a reset
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1683

Aashish Ganeshan

Elections in Portugal:
The Rise of Chega Party and the Search for Political Stability
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1679

Aashish Ganeshan

US in the Middle Easr
Trump’s visit to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1678

Gauri Gupta

China in Latin America
China-CELAC forum: Strengthening ties with Latin America and Caribbean
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1677

GP Team

The World This Week #310-311
China in Latin America and the Carribbean I Trump's Middle East Visit I Denmark as the new Arctic Chair
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1675

Lekshmi MK

Turkey:
PKK disbands after 40 years of armed insurgency
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1673

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine:
The Discussion in Turkiye and the Elusive Ceasefire
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1671

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

US, Ukraine and Russia:
Air attacks amidst a Minerals deal and Ceasefire Proposals
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1670

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Singapore Elections in 2025:
People’s Action Party (PAP) Wins, Again
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1667

R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah

East Asia:
Tough Tariff Negotiations with the US
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1666

Padmashree Anandhan

The US-Ukraine
The mineral deal with the US
Conflict Weekly
May 2025 | CWA # 1665
Conflict Weekly # 280-81
India-Pakistan De-escalation I Ukraine Discussion in Istanbul I The Battle over Port Sudan I Disbanding of PKK in Turkiye I France-Algeria Diplomatic Tensions
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1663

R Preetha

Canada Elections 2025:
What do the results convey? What next for Mark Carney?
Conflict Weekly 250th Issue
October 2024 | CWA # 1480

IPRI Team

This Week in History
July 2024 | CWA # 1413

Ramya B

Global Politics Early Bird
May 2024 | CWA # 1336

Femy Francis

This Week in History
April 2024 | CWA # 1275

Ramya B

NIAS Global Politics Database
March 2024 | CWA # 1251

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
This Week in History
March 2024 | CWA # 1246

Sivasubramanian K

NIAS Global Politics Database
February 2024 | CWA # 1226

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
The World This Week
November 2023 | CWA # 1148

GP Team

The War in Ukraine
October 2023 | CWA # 1091

Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri

Issues for Europe
NIAS Pakistan Weekly
October 2023 | CWA # 1087

PR Team

The World This Week
October 2023 | CWA # 1083

GP Team

Conflict Weekly
August 2023 | CWA # 1049

IPRI Team

IPRI Quarterly Forecasts I Triggers, Trends, and Trajectories
July 2023 | CWA # 1012

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar continues to burn
The World This Week
July 2023 | CWA # 1009

GP Team

2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 879

Padmashree Anandhan

The Ukraine War
2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 872

Sapna Elsa Abraham

Europe: Heatwaves, Wildfires, Droughts, and Ice Melt in Alps
November 2022 | CWA # 838

Rishma Banerjee

Tracing Europe's droughts
NIAS Africa Weekly
March 2022 | CWA # 705

NIAS Africa Team

In Focus: Libya
The World This Week: 150th Issue
December 2021 | CWA # 630

GP Team

Europe in 2021
Pakistan Reader
October 2021 | CWA # 588

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

TLP is back again
NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology & International Relations
August 2021 | CWA # 528

STIR Team

Space Tourism
GLOBAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS
September 2020 | CWA # 337

Anju Annie Mammen

The FATF Meeting, February 2020
February 2020 | CWA # 235

Lakshmi V Menon

Science, Technology and International Relations
September 2019 | CWA # 162

Lakshman Chakravarthy N

5G: A Primer
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 71

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 70

Nasima Khatoon

The Maldives
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 69

Harini Madhusudan

India
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 68

Sourina Bej

Bangladesh
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 67

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Afghanistan
United States
July 2018 | CWA # 47

Rahul Arockiaraj

East Asia
June 2018 | CWA # 26

Siddhatti Mehta