Global Politics Explainer

CWA # 1635
Global Politics Explainer
China Development Forum 2025: The Focus on AI, High Tech Investments, and Domestic Consumption

Nova Karun K
28 March 2025
Photo Source: China Britain Business Council

On 23 March, the China Development Forum 2025 was held at Diaoyutai State Guesthouse, Beijing, for two days. Chinese Premier Li Qiang attended the event's opening ceremony and delivered a keynote speech. Li said: “China will continue to welcome enterprises from around the world with open arms, further expand market access, actively address the concerns of businesses, and facilitate the deeper integration of foreign-funded enterprises into the Chinese market.” This year's forum theme was “Unleashing Development Momentum for Stable Growth of Global Economy.”

High-profile multinational executives from international organisations attended the meeting, including the CEO of Apple, Tim Cook, and the CEO of AstraZeneca, Pascal Soriot. Cook commented on DeepSeek’s models being “excellent.” Soriot said: "Looking ahead, China will not only serve as a global innovation hub but also a core arena for setting standards and reshaping industrial chains.”

Brief history: What is the China Development Forum?
What has been its focus so far?
The forum was launched in March 2000, as the China Development Forum (CDF) by China’s Premier, Zhu Ronji. Since then, it has served as an important platform for dialogue between the Chinese government, global businesses, academia, and international organisations. Initially, the forum focused on the discourse between Chinese leaders and foreign experts, but over the years, it has evolved to include international companies.

According to the official site of the CDF, the 2000-2005 forums had themes emphasizing structural reforms to the market, economic integration, and industrial upgrading, setting the stage for China’s gradual shift toward a modern, globally integrated economy. The themes for 2006-2011 forums explored technological advancement, digital transformation, and fiscal restructuring. The themes from 2012-2016 looked at the importance of open market principles and promoting high‑quality development to strengthen China’s economic resilience. In recent years (2017–2024), the CDF addressed the challenges of global economic integration, technological innovation, economic recovery, digitalization, resilience in supply chains, and the need to revive domestic consumption amid external trade pressures. The 2025 forum focuses on strategies to strengthen China’s economic resilience through innovation, sustainable growth, and comprehensive reforms.

Major Issues: What was the focus in 2025?
According to the China Development Research Foundation, the forum invited more than 750 foreign representatives from 21 countries and featured 12 symposiums and several closed-door sessions. These sessions aimed to focus on reforming macro policies and modernizing financial systems to boost domestic consumption, increase scientific and technological innovation to develop inclusive AI, promote high-quality development of big health, and drive sustainable, green, low-carbon development. It also emphasized addressing demographic challenges, promoting institutional opening-up for high-quality, inclusive global industrial and supply chain cooperation.

The forum took place in the US-China trade tensions background. According to Business Insider, despite the ensuing trade war and the previous Biden administration’s crackdown on chips, prominent businesses like Apple, Citadel, and Qualcomm continued to operate in Beijing. The CDF 2025, which aims to revive domestic consumption, advance high-quality high-tech innovation, and strengthen economic resilience, has been influenced by the trade uncertainties reflecting China’s shift in its strategic approach. The trade tension currently faced by China is one of the motivating factors for wooing major foreign investors back as it actively tries to build its domestic economy.

The pivot towards private enterprises
On 17 February, Xinhua reported on China’s President Xi Jinping holding a symposium with heads of private businesses at Beijing’s Great Hall of People. Xi’s visit was a rare sight where he actively pushed to further the growth of private enterprises. The Two Sessions meeting also focused on the need to invest in high-profit, critical private sectors. Where the government needs to support and have control over the growth of the entities. On 17 February, Xinhua reported that Chinese President Xi Jinping urged them to promote “high-quality development” of the private sector. He assured them that China would fully support the development of the public and non-public sectors and ensure that all ownership economies have “legal access to production factors, fair market competition, and equal legal protection.” Deputy China Research Director at Gavekal Dragonomics in Hong Kong Christopher Beddor said: “It's a tacit acknowledgement that the Chinese government needs private-sector firms for its tech rivalry with the US, the government has no choice but to support them if it wants to compete with the US.” The symposium reflected Xi’s goal in driving domestic innovation to boost demand, production and consumption.

The focus on AI and high-tech investments
National Committee on United States-China Relations (NCUSCR) Stephen Orlins, an attendee, emphasised cooperation in AI and the need for duplication of efforts to be avoided. Head of the National Data Administration Liu Liehong, said: “AI technology is promoting economic and social development at an unprecedented speed and has become an important driving force bolstering a new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation.” Finance Minister Lan Fo'an highlighted plans to "accelerate the development of new quality productive forces" through strategic investments in artificial intelligence (AI) and other cutting-edge technologies.

Emphasis on domestic consumption
China has pledged to double funding for the consumer goods trade-in scheme this year to USD 41 billion. China has also set its full-year growth target at around 5 per cent for 2025. Senior officials stressed that aligning domestic reforms with global economic strategies is essential for modernizing industries, fostering innovation, and ensuring sustainable growth. “Boosting consumption” domestically was discussed at the end of the agenda. President of the Asian Development Bank Masato Kanda, an attendee, remarked that China has been struggling with a dropping property sector, but the promise of high-quality development is set to stabilise the sector with demand-side and supply-side measures. He said, “High-quality development demands a careful rebalancing of the economy. It requires boosting domestic demand and household consumption through rising incomes.”

References:

“China, US need have cooperation in AI, says US‑China relations committee head,” Reuters, 24 March 2025

“Keynote speech at China Development Forum 2025,” China Development Forum, 2025

“China Development Forum 2025: Speech by Masato Kanda,” Asian Development Bank, 26 March 2025

Yasir Habib Khan, “Key economic priorities discussed at China Development Forum 2025,” China Economic Net, 26 March 2025

“Chinese Premier delivers keynote speech at China Development Forum 2025,” CGTN, 23 March 2025

“Highlights from China Development Forum 2025,” China Daily, 23 March 2025

Xinhua, “Chinese Premier delivers keynote address at China Development Forum 2025,” Government of China, 26 March 2025

Wency Chen, “Apple’s Cook meets top Chinese officials in charm offensive that offers no AI update,” SCMP, March 2025

“Leading initiatives at China Development Forum 2025,” China Development Forum, 2025

“Trump’s trade war: Here’s a timeline of how we got here,” 1 News, 27 March 2025

“What’s the significance of Xi’s meeting with private enterprises?,” Reuters, 17 February 2025

Fan Feifei, “New initiatives unveiled at China Development Forum 2025,” China Daily, 25 March 2025

Mo Jingxi, “China’s strategy for future growth discussed at China Development Forum,” China Daily, 17 February 2025

“The significance of China Xi's meet with private enterprises,” Reuters, 17 February 2025

Yin Yeping and Deng Xiaoci, “Xi urges healthy, high-quality development of private sector,” Global Times, 18 February 2025

“Coal and gas among US targets of China's retaliatory tariffs,” BBC, 04 February 2025

About the author
Nova Karun K is a postgraduate student at Pondicherry University.


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GP Team

The World This Week #317
NATO Summit 2025 and Russia-Mali bilateral agreements
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1733

Ananya Dinesh

China and the Pacific Islands 
What was the recent China-PIC joint statement about? What it says, and what it means?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1728

M Kejia

G7 Summit 2025:
The Focus on the Middle East and Trade negotiations
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1726

GP Team

The World This Week #316
China-Central Asia Summit in Kazakhstan, and the G7 Summit in Canada
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1725

Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia

Operation Midnight Hammer: US bombs three nuclear sites in Iran
What were the three Iranian nuclear sites that were targeted? What are the B2 Bombers and Bunker Buster Bombs? What do these attacks mean? What Next?
Conflict Weekly
June 2025 | CWA # 1724

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly #286
The Spiralling Israel-Iran Crisis, and the Dangerous Hunger Hotspots
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1721

Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M

Who are the Afrikaners?
Why is Trump interested in the Afrikaner question in South Africa?
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1720

Lekshmi MK

New WMO Report on Arctic Warming
What are the social, economic and environmental implications of Arctic warming
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1719

J Yamini  

China’s EV Surge
What contributes to the rise of BYD
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1717

J Yamini

Gender Violence in Pakistan:
What are the larger issues in the Noor Mukadam case?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1715

Femy Francis

The US-China:
On Tariffs, Rare Earths and Visas
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1713

GP Team

The World This Week #315
The UN Ocean Conference in France and the US-China Meeting in London
CW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1712

R Preetha

The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1705

GP Team

The World This Week #314
Elections in South Korea and Poland I China and the Pacific Island Countries I Bangladesh Election Announcement 2026
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1703

M Kejia 

Sagarmatha Sambaad in Nepal
Kathmandu’s Global Agenda for the Himalayas
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1700

R Preetha

Ethiopia bans the TPLF
What does the TPLF ban mean for the Pretoria agreement? What next for Ethiopia?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1694

Aashish Ganeshan

The US:
Harvard vs Trump Administration
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1691

GP Team

The World This Week #313
China-ASEAN-GCC Summit I President Macron's visit to South East Asia I Trump Vs Harvard
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1690

GP Team

The World This Week #312
Elections in Romania, Portugal & Poland I UK-EU Summit
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1689

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine
Continuing Russia’s Aerial Attacks, despite exchange of prisoners
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1688

Ayan Datta

Gaza
The Humanitarian Crisis and Israel’s Renewed Offensive
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1685

Aparna A Nair

UK-EU Summit:
First step towards a reset
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1683

Aashish Ganeshan

Elections in Portugal:
The Rise of Chega Party and the Search for Political Stability
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1679

Aashish Ganeshan

US in the Middle Easr
Trump’s visit to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1678

Gauri Gupta

China in Latin America
China-CELAC forum: Strengthening ties with Latin America and Caribbean
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1677

GP Team

The World This Week #310-311
China in Latin America and the Carribbean I Trump's Middle East Visit I Denmark as the new Arctic Chair
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1675

Lekshmi MK

Turkey:
PKK disbands after 40 years of armed insurgency
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1673

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine:
The Discussion in Turkiye and the Elusive Ceasefire
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1671

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

US, Ukraine and Russia:
Air attacks amidst a Minerals deal and Ceasefire Proposals
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1670

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Singapore Elections in 2025:
People’s Action Party (PAP) Wins, Again
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1667

R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah

East Asia:
Tough Tariff Negotiations with the US
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1666

Padmashree Anandhan

The US-Ukraine
The mineral deal with the US
Conflict Weekly
May 2025 | CWA # 1665
Conflict Weekly # 280-81
India-Pakistan De-escalation I Ukraine Discussion in Istanbul I The Battle over Port Sudan I Disbanding of PKK in Turkiye I France-Algeria Diplomatic Tensions
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1663

R Preetha

Canada Elections 2025:
What do the results convey? What next for Mark Carney?
Conflict Weekly 250th Issue
October 2024 | CWA # 1480

IPRI Team

This Week in History
July 2024 | CWA # 1413

Ramya B

Global Politics Early Bird
May 2024 | CWA # 1336

Femy Francis

This Week in History
April 2024 | CWA # 1275

Ramya B

NIAS Global Politics Database
March 2024 | CWA # 1251

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
This Week in History
March 2024 | CWA # 1246

Sivasubramanian K

NIAS Global Politics Database
February 2024 | CWA # 1226

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
The World This Week
November 2023 | CWA # 1148

GP Team

The War in Ukraine
October 2023 | CWA # 1091

Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri

Issues for Europe
NIAS Pakistan Weekly
October 2023 | CWA # 1087

PR Team

The World This Week
October 2023 | CWA # 1083

GP Team

Conflict Weekly
August 2023 | CWA # 1049

IPRI Team

IPRI Quarterly Forecasts I Triggers, Trends, and Trajectories
July 2023 | CWA # 1012

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar continues to burn
The World This Week
July 2023 | CWA # 1009

GP Team

2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 879

Padmashree Anandhan

The Ukraine War
2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 872

Sapna Elsa Abraham

Europe: Heatwaves, Wildfires, Droughts, and Ice Melt in Alps
November 2022 | CWA # 838

Rishma Banerjee

Tracing Europe's droughts
NIAS Africa Weekly
March 2022 | CWA # 705

NIAS Africa Team

In Focus: Libya
The World This Week: 150th Issue
December 2021 | CWA # 630

GP Team

Europe in 2021
Pakistan Reader
October 2021 | CWA # 588

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

TLP is back again
NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology & International Relations
August 2021 | CWA # 528

STIR Team

Space Tourism
GLOBAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS
September 2020 | CWA # 337

Anju Annie Mammen

The FATF Meeting, February 2020
February 2020 | CWA # 235

Lakshmi V Menon

Science, Technology and International Relations
September 2019 | CWA # 162

Lakshman Chakravarthy N

5G: A Primer
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 71

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 70

Nasima Khatoon

The Maldives
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 69

Harini Madhusudan

India
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 68

Sourina Bej

Bangladesh
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 67

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Afghanistan
United States
July 2018 | CWA # 47

Rahul Arockiaraj

East Asia
June 2018 | CWA # 26

Siddhatti Mehta