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Global Politics Team
11 January 2026 |
The US, Greenland and Trump's Claims
Lekshmi MK
What happened?
On 10 January, the media reported that Denmark is grappling with how to defend Greenland amid the renewed threats from President Donald Trump.
On 09 January, Reuters reported that US officials are planning to pay Greenlanders a sum ranging from USD 10,000 dollars to USD 100,000 per person to convince them to secede from Denmark or join the US. This development happens as the Copenhagen and Nuuk authorities stating that, “Greenland is not for sale.”
On 08 January, the media reported that the US senators from both parties are preparing legislation that could limit President Donald Trump’s ability to pursue control of Greenland without congressional approval.
On the same day, European governments have signalled coordinated readiness. France said it is working with allies on a response plan that would defend territorial integrity and uphold international law as part of broader NATO security cooperation in the Arctic.
On 07 January, the media reported that the senior advisers to US President Donald Trump have been discussing options for acquiring Greenland. The renewed debate has prompted reactions in Europe.
On 06 January, the media reported that the US President Donald Trump has renewed his threat to take control of Greenland, stating that the Arctic island is vital to US national and military security. He stated that, “Denmark has failed to adequately protect the strategically important territory.” This came amid US assertiveness following a recent US military operation in Venezuela.
What is the background?
First, Greenland and Denmark’s position. Greenland is central to Denmark’s national security and its role in the Arctic. Greenland gives Denmark a unique geopolitical position, allowing it to be part of major Arctic discussions and NATO’s northern defence. Its location near the North Atlantic and close to Russia makes it important for early-warning systems and military monitoring. Denmark also wants to keep the island stable because Greenland’s small population, limited infrastructure, and remote geography make it vulnerable to pressure from bigger powers. Protecting sovereignty is therefore important to prevent external countries from influencing Greenland’s politics or economic decisions. At the same time, Denmark aims to safeguard Greenland’s natural resources, environment, and autonomy arrangements.
Second, President Trump’s renewed push to acquire Greenland. Over the past year, he has brought back the idea several times, arguing that Greenland’s location is strategically important for missile monitoring, military bases, and countering Russia and China in the Arctic. Trump’s repeated interest is driven by Greenland’s huge deposits of rare earth elements and critical minerals, which are essential for defence industries, electronics and, renewable energy technologies. At a time when the US is trying to reduce dependence on China, Greenland becomes extremely valuable. President Trump also claims that Denmark has not done enough to protect the island and uses this argument to justify stronger US involvement. Alongside economic interests, Trump also sees Greenland as a security necessity for strengthening America’s Arctic posture.
Third, divergent positions within the US on Greenland. For the US defence planners, Greenland is central to Arctic strategy because of its location. The island also offers deep-water access for military operations and holds large deposits of critical minerals. Thus the Pentagon sees Greenland as a long-term strategic asset. The US Congress places limits on how far a president can act. Bipartisan lawmakers have raised concerns about unilateral territorial acquisition. They have also introduced proposals to curb presidential authority. This check exists to uphold international norms, protect US alliances especially with Denmark and avoid actions that could destabilise NATO unity.
Fourth, Europe’s counter responses to the US claims over Greenland. Individually, countries stating that any attempt to acquire Greenland must respect international law and that Europe will stand with Denmark. Other NATO members have also expressed concern, warning that unilateral US actions could damage trust within the alliance. Collectively, European capitals and Brussels have signalled readiness to coordinate diplomatic and security measures to support Denmark and prevent coercive pressure on Greenland. They added that territory cannot be traded or transferred under threat.
What does it mean?
First, for Denmark, the defence dilemma underscores the complexity of securing Greenland. Copenhagen faces the difficulty of protecting a remote, sparsely populated territory while maintaining sovereignty, stability, and indigenous rights. The situation also shows why Denmark relies on NATO coordination and long-term investments to strengthen its Arctic security.
Second, for the US, the threat reflects the friction between Trump’s ambitions and the legal limits set by Congress. While the island is seen as critical for military, geographic, and resource advantages, Trump’s repeated threats reveal US interest in asserting influence. Meanwhile, Congress seeks to curb unilateral actions and uphold international norms.
Third, for Europe, the US pressure over Greenland has become a test of transatlantic cohesion. Individually, few of the European countries stated that any acquisition attempt must respect international law. Other NATO members have echoed these concerns. Collectively, they have signalled readiness to coordinate diplomatic and security measures to uphold the region’s stability. The European response reflects both the strategic importance of Greenland in Arctic governance and a broader commitment to prevent coercive territorial claims.
TWTW Regional Roundups
News from around the world
Aksath Kaimal, Aparna A Nair, Brighty Ann Sarah, Lekshmi MK, M Kejia, Nirmiti Mhatre, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Sunidhi Sampige, Tanvi Harendra
CHINA & EAST ASIA THIS WEEK
China and Japan: Beijing imposes export ban on items which can be employed for military purposes on Japan; Tokyo protests and calls this move "absolutely unacceptable and deeply regrettable"
On 07 January, the Chinese Commerce Ministry announced an export ban of dual-use items, which can be used for military purposes, to Japan. It includes goods, software, or technologies that can be employed in both civilian and military applications. Stating protest and withdrawal of the ban, Japan called the move "absolutely unacceptable and deeply regrettable." This development is in the background of Japan's Prime Minister's statement on Taiwan, which had sparked tensions between Japan and China.
South Korea and China: President Lee Jae Myung visits Beijing
On 05 January, South Korea's President Lee Jae Myung visited China. He said, "This summit will be an important opportunity to make 2026 the first year of full-scale restoration of Korea-China relations, and I believe that efforts to develop the strategic cooperation and partnership between the two countries into an irreversible trend of the times will continue." China's President Xi said, "More than 80 years ago, China and South Korea made tremendous national sacrifices and won the victory against Japanese militarism," and he stated that the two countries should "safeguard peace and stability in Northeast Asia," citing an "increasingly chaotic and complicated international situation." The countries signed 15 agreements, including documents on technology, intellectual property, and transportation cooperation.
SOUTHEAST AND SOUTH ASIA THIS WEEK
Nepal: Nepali Congress and UML look for majority seats in the national assembly
On 08 January, as reported by The Kathmandu Post, a total of 44 candidates are contesting for 18 National Assembly seats for the upcoming elections, although some parties perceive it as a formality due to the Nepali Congress and CPN-UML alliance. Over seven parties have submitted their nominations, with one unopposed candidacy in Koshi Province. The voting will take place on 25 January for 17 seats whilst 19 upper house seats will remain vacated. The Congress and UML negotiated seat sharing, ultimately allocating nine to the Congress and eight to the UML, with the Loktantrik Samajbadi Party Nepal receiving one. The alliance is projected to maintain a two-thirds majority in the upper house, significantly impacting political dynamics ahead. Candidates have been selected across various provinces, with results expected shortly after the elections.
Bhutan: India hosts the second phase of specialised capacity building programme in cancer care for BIMSTEC countries
On 08 January, Kuensel reported that to strengthen cooperation in the Bay of Bengal region, the second phase of the specialised capacity building programme in cancer care was inaugurated on 8 January at Tata Memorial Centre’s Homi Bhaba Cancer Hospital and Research Centre in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh. Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced this at the 6th BIMSTEC Summit. It is a four-week-long training programme focused on critical domains of cancer care. A total of 35 cancer care experts from BIMSTEC countries are participating in the programme.
Bangladesh: Ex-Army Chief to testify in crimes against humanity case over enforced disappearances
On 08 January, The Daily Star reported that former army chief Gen (retd) Iqbal Karim Bhuiyan is set to testify against Maj Gen (relieved) Ziaul Ahsan in a crimes against humanity case involving allegations of more than a hundred enforced disappearances and extrajudicial killings during the Awami League regime. Prosecutor Shyikh Mahdi confirmed this after proceedings at the International Crimes Tribunal, which is scheduled on 14 January for its next hearing and order. Ziaul’s defence team sought his discharge, arguing that the prosecution failed to present credible evidence to support the three charges filed against him. Ziaul was produced before the tribunal from jail and was present during the hearing.
Pakistan and Bangladesh: Pakistan confirms defense talks with Bangladesh on JF-17 Jet sale
On 08 January, The Daily Star reported that Pakistan’s military confirmed that high-level defence talks were held with Bangladesh on a potential defence pact, including the sale of JF-17 Thunder fighter jets to Dhaka. According to Pakistan’s military, Air Chief Marshal Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu and his Bangladeshi counterpart Hasan Mahmood Khan discussed procurement of the China-Pakistan jointly developed JF-17, alongside broader defence cooperation. Islamabad also assured Dhaka of fast-tracked delivery of Super Mushshak trainer aircraft, including training and long-term support.
Myanmar: Military airstrike on Khin-U IDP camp kills three civilians
On 08 January, Mizzima reported that a Myanmar military airstrike on an internally displaced persons (IDP) camp in Konegyi Village, Khin-U Township, Sagaing Region, killed three civilians and injured ten others on the night of 5 January 2026. According to the Khin-U Township People’s Administration, junta aircraft struck an oil storage yard near a local school that was being used as temporary shelter by displaced families fleeing nearby conflict areas. The victims, two men and one woman, were IDPs from other townships, with several of the injured remaining in critical condition. Local authorities stressed that the area had no military significance and accused the junta of deliberately targeting civilians, subsequently issuing emergency air-raid precaution guidelines for residents amid continued aerial attacks.
Sri Lanka: The Opposition to file a complaint to IMF over AG’s appointment delay
On 08 January, as reported by the Daily Mirror, MP Dayasiri Jayasekara is planning to file a complaint over the government's failure to appoint an Auditor General and requests the IMF and World Bank to reconsider the release of funds to Sri Lanka in the absence of the AG.
Pakistan and Saudi Arabia in talks to convert Saudi loans into JF-17 fighter jet deal
On 07 January, as reported by Dawn, Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are in talks to convert around USD two billion in Saudi loans to a JF-17 fighter jet deal, a Reuters report found. This follows a mutual defence pact the two countries signed in September last year, further deepening military cooperation. Sources said the discussions were limited to the provision of the JF-17 Thunder fighter jets, which Pakistan and China jointly developed. One source stated that the total deal would be worth approximately USD four billion, with an additional USD two billion allocated for equipment. This continues Pakistan’s push to expand arms exports and build on its arms deal with Libya and negotiations with Bangladesh. Pakistan’s Air Chief Zaheer Ahmed Baber Sidhu was in Saudi Arabia for bilateral talks, including on military cooperation.
Pakistan to set up special unit to protect Chinese nationals
On 07 January, as reported by The Express Tribune, Federal Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi announced the establishment of a special unit in Islamabad to ensure the protection of Chinese citizens. He made the announcement during a visit to the headquarters of the Chinese Ministry of Public Security, where he met Chinese Interior Minister Wang Xiaohong. The two also spoke about counterterrorism cooperation, police training exchanges and Pakistan-China relations in general. They also decided to form a joint working group on internal security, which would meet every three months. The Chinese Interior Minister praised Pakistan’s efforts in counterterrorism and internal security, as well as measures taken to protect Chinese citizens. Additionally, the two also agreed to further strengthen the joint rapid response system against terrorism and crime. Other areas of discussion included cybercrime and AI. “Pakistan and China share an unbreakable bond of enduring cooperation, and no one can create a wedge between us,” Naqvi said.
Nepal: PM urges party-affiliated ministers to resign
On 07 January, as reported by The Kathmandu Post, the Prime Minister had once again told some cabinet ministers affiliated with political parties to leave the government in response to an initiative of a citizen-built government on the foundation of the Gen Z movement. Whilst over three of such ministers are yet to make a decision on quitting. PM Karki has stated that “we are entering a new phase. In this situation, some colleagues have clearly shown their desire to enter politics and contest elections. Therefore, it would be better for them to detach themselves from the government.”
Nepal: Private clinics driving female foeticide in Nepal
On 07 January, as reported by Kathmandu Post, it was observed that in big cities and semi-urban areas, sex-selective abortions are rampant in Nepal. Government officials and health experts acknowledged the seriousness of the problems and were adamant about intervening to prevent a looming gender imbalance in the country. The data retrieved from the Ministry of Health and Population state that over 83,205 babies were born in the fiscal year 2024-25. Of them, 206,374 were boys and 176,831 girls. The difference is 29,543. The figure shows the girls’ ratio is 16.71 per cent lower than that of boys, meaning boys outnumbered girls, markedly, sparking alarmingly high rates of abortions. The data indicate that Sudurpaschim has the lowest female birth rate, with an over 25 per cent gender gap, followed by Madesh with an over 24 per cent gap. The widening gender gap may lead to long-term social problems, including crime rates, and the ongoing practices concerning the issue must be condemned effectively immediately.
Bangladesh: Tarique Rahman urges continued EU support ahead of the elections
On 07 January, Dhaka Tribune reported that BNP Acting Chairman Tarique Rahman called on the European Union to continue supporting Bangladesh’s development in the post-election period during a meeting with an EU delegation led by Ambassador Michael Miller. The discussion, held at the BNP chairperson’s Gulshan office, focused on current political developments, the upcoming national election, and the overall democratic environment in the country. Senior BNP leaders, including Standing Committee member Nazrul Islam Khan, were present at the meeting. Speaking to the media afterwards, Khan said the BNP would actively participate in the forthcoming election and welcomed the EU’s decision to deploy a large number of election observers. He noted that the move reflected the EU’s commitment to promoting a credible and acceptable electoral process in Bangladesh, adding that international observation was important for strengthening public confidence in the polls.
Myanmar: Conflict escalates as junta pushes toward second phase of elections
On 07 January, Mizzima reported that Myanmar’s military junta plans to hold the second phase of its general election on 11 January 2026 in 100 townships, despite widespread fighting that makes voting unfeasible in many areas. Active clashes, airstrikes and resistance offensives are ongoing in key election-designated townships, including Hpapun (Karen State), Bilin (Mon State), Budalin (Sagaing) and several areas of Magway Region. In Hpapun, most of the township remains under KNLA control, with recent airstrikes hitting civilian shelters and schools. In Bilin, intensified military patrols and shelling have killed civilians and displaced villagers. Resistance forces have also attacked junta camps and administrative offices in Magway and Sagaing, leaving towns like Budalin surrounded and contested. Analysts and resistance groups say the junta can only conduct voting in areas under firm military control, making a nationwide election impossible and reinforcing claims that the process lacks credibility.
Sri Lanka: No-confidence motion signed against the Education Minister
On 07 January, as reported by the Daily Mirror, Today the opposition commenced signing of a Non-Confidence Motion against the Minister of Education, criticising the ignorance in quality education resulting in numerous errors in subject content and inclusion of inappropriate material in the government's education reforms, in addition to a failure to address such concerns in an adequate manner. The signing took place in the Opposition Leader’s Office in Parliament under the leadership of Sajith Premadasa.
Pakistan: ISPR says Afghanistan is involved in major terror incidents in 2025
On 07 January, Dawn reported that the Pakistan Army claimed that in 2025, Afghanistan was involved in major "high-impact" terror incidents in Pakistan. During a press conference, the Inter-Service Public Relations Director General maintained that Pakistan's fight against terrorism has been ongoing for more than two decades, and 2025 remains a landmark and consequential year in the fight against terrorism. He further highlighted that in 2025 World acknowledged Pakistan's stance, particularly that Afghanistan has become a "base for terrorist operations." "The hubs of Fitna al-Khawarij and Fitna-e-Hindustan are in Afghanistan," he said, alleging that all major terrorist organisations targeting Pakistan were based and being supported in Kabul. "This war against terrorism is the war of the entire nation."
Pakistan and China researchers collaborate on ocean study cruise
On 07 January, as reported by Dawn, the Pakistan Navy facilitated a Pakistan-China Joint Oceanographic Cruise through its National Hydrographic Office (NHO). The main goal was to promote maritime awareness and facilitate marine scientific research in Pakistan. The research outcomes are anticipated to increase coastal and offshore dynamics awareness for both countries, enabling enhanced assessment of patterns and supporting informed maritime planning and policymaking. According to the National Institute of Oceanography (NIO), the signing ceremony was held on 12 December 2025. The Pakistani researchers will get to test their samples using Chinese laboratory equipment and machines, and receive various training opportunities on ocean equipment innovation, equipment operation, data collection techniques on board, and post-cruise laboratory analysis.
Pakistan to privatise DISCOs following PIA sale
On 07 January, Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif reiterated that privatisation of loss-making state-owned enterprises remains a top priority, citing the sale of 75 per cent of Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) shares as the first step in a broader reform drive. Chairing a high-level meeting on the Privatisation Commission, he ordered faster reforms to ensure efficiency, transparency, and credibility in the privatisation process. The government announced that electricity distribution companies (DISCOs) will be privatised in two phases. The first batch includes IESCO, GEPCO, and FESCO, followed by HESCO and SEPCO in the second batch. Sharif directed that the Privatisation Commission be strengthened through transparent induction of private-sector talent, full digitisation, and mandatory third-party audits by internationally reputed firms. He also instructed officials to formulate a comprehensive five-year strategy to boost agricultural exports, which would focus on improving per-acre yields through timely access to quality seeds, fertilisers, and pesticides at affordable prices
MIDDLE EAST THIS WEEK
Iran: Washington reiterates support for protestors in Tehran; Pahlavi issues call to "seize city centres and hold them"
On 10 January, in response to the administrations efforts to curb the escalating protests, President Trump warned Tehran that "You better not start shooting because we'll start shooting too." "I just hope the protesters in Iran are going to be safe, because that's a very dangerous place right now," he added. The US Secretary of State Marco Rubio also expressed Washington's support for the "brave people of Iran," following the state-imposed communication black-out in the country. The crown prince in exile, Reza Pahlavi declared in a social media post that "Our goal is no longer merely to come into the streets; the goal is to prepare to seize city centres and hold them." He also urged "workers and employees in key sectors of the economy, especially transportation, and oil, and gas and energy", to begin a nationwide strike. Iran's Revolutionary Guards warned that safeguarding security was a "red line" and the military vowed to protect public property, accusing "terrorists" of attacking military and law enforcement bases over the past two nights, killing several citizens and security personnel. The military, operating independently from the IRGC, announced it would "protect and safeguard national interests, the country’s strategic infrastructure, and public property."
Iran: Authorities enforce communication blockade; Protests emerging as a “crisis of legitimacy,” Reuters reports
On 09 January, authorities cut off electricity, internet and communication services in Iran in an attempt to curb the protests spreading across the country. Several flights to Iran have also been cancelled and Iranian news sites only intermittently update. Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei accused protesters of acting on behalf of US President Trump, warning “mercenaries for foreigners” will not be tolerated. Khamenei alleged that “a bunch of vandals and rioters came and destroyed a building that belonged to the state, to the people themselves, just to please the heart of the president of the United States,” urging Trump to “manage your own country.” Amidst escalating protests, Iran’s opposition factions, led by Reza Pahlavi, exiled son of the late ruling shah, addressed the protestors in a social media post, stating that “The eyes of the world are upon you. Take to the streets.” Reuters reported that Iran’s anti-government protests have evolved into a “crisis of legitimacy.” The protests that began on 28 December over the sharp decline of the rial and has now overtaken all 31 provinces of the country. The US based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), has reported at least 34 protesters and four security personnel killed, and 2,200 arrested during the unrest, indicating “a deeper disillusionment with the Shi'ite status quo,” reports Reuters.
Iran: The President takes economic measures to contain economic setback
On 08 January, amid nationwide protests, Iran's President asked his government to ensure adequate supplies of goods and to monitor prices across the country. He warned domestic suppliers not to hoard or overprice goods. Additionally, Iran will roll out a subsidy reform that will give Iranians USD 7 a month to purchase selected goods. Furthermore, accusing Israel and the US, Iran's top judge stated that there would be no leniency for those who help the enemy against the Islamic Republic.
Protests in Iran: Rights group reports 25 dead and 1000 arrested
On 06 January, an Iran-based rights group reported that the protest over high inflation and low value of currency claimed 25 lives and 1000 arrests. The group also reports that the protest has now expanded to 27 provinces, with slogans calling for economic reforms and criticising governance and the delivery of justice. In response to the rising unrest, Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian called for dialogue and assured reforms to stabilise the economy. Furthermore, the government has announced subsidy reforms, which will take effect on January 10.
Iran: Biggest protest in three years claims 16 lives and triggers high inflation
On 04 January, Reuters reported that the violent clashes between demonstrators and security forces claimed the lives of 16 people. Iran's President Masoud Pezeshkian instructed the Interior Ministry to adopt a kind and responsible approach, stating, "Society cannot be convinced or calmed by forceful approaches." Additionally, inflation rises to 42 per cent amid unrest reported in central areas and southern Baluchistan province.
AFRICA THIS WEEK
South Africa: China, Russia and Iran conduct 'WILL FOR PEACE 2026' naval exercise
On 10 January, China, Russia and Iran started a week-long joint naval exercise in South Africa. The statement from South Africa's military said, "Exercise WILL FOR PEACE 2026 brings together navies from BRICS Plus countries for ... joint maritime safety operations (and) interoperability drills." In the opening ceremony lead by China's military officials, BRICS plus countries, including Brazil, Egypt and Ethiopia participated as observers.
EUROPE THIS WEEK
Greenland: Denmark faces a defence dilemma over Greenland; Nuuk's Parliament prepares talks on US threats
On 10 January, media reported that Denmark is grappling with how to defend Greenland, its vast Arctic territory. This came amid the renewed US interest and threats from President Donald Trump prompt strategic reassessment. Denmark's defence officials acknowledge that protecting Greenland poses challenges given its remote location, sparse population, and limited infrastructure, raising questions about how best to strengthen the territory’s security. Government efforts to increase military presence in the Arctic, including a multi-billion crown investment are ongoing, but Copenhagen recognises that effective defence will require coordination with NATO allies and broader strategic planning.
Meanwhile, Greenland’s Parliament said it will bring forward a meeting to discuss threats from the United States and other developments affecting its future. The move reflects growing local concern over sovereignty and external pressure following Trump’s renewed threat about acquiring Greenland. Greenland’s lawmakers plan to examine the implications of these threats and debate how best to respond, including possible diplomatic and legislative measures.
The War in Ukraine: Russia warns foreign troops in Kyiv would be targets; Moscow fires hypersonic missiles near EU border
On 09 January, Russia stated that any foreign troops deployed to Ukraine as part of Western support would be considered legitimate military targets for the Russian armed forces. Russian officials made the warning after the UK and France pledged to station troops in Ukraine for training and security support, underscoring Moscow’s strong opposition to expanded Western military involvement. Russia's spokesperson said that foreign forces on Ukrainian soil would be integrated into the conflict and therefore subject to Russian military action. Meanwhile, Russia fired a hypersonic missile near Ukraine’s border with the European Union, according to defence sources. The missile launch occurred close to EU territory, raising concerns among NATO and EU members about potential escalation near alliance borders.
US: Washington discusses plans to pay Greenlanders to secede from Denmark and potentially join the US, says Reuters
On 08 January, Reuters reported that US officials are planning to pay Greenlanders a sum ranging from USD 10,000 dollars to USD 100,000 per person to convince them to secede from Denmark or join the US. This development happens as the Copenhagen and Nuuk authorities made it explicit that Greenland is not for sale.
Greenland: US senators push to curb Trump’s authority over Greenland
On 08 January, the media reported that the US senators from both parties are preparing legislation that could limit President Donald Trump’s ability to pursue control of Greenland without congressional approval. It reflected growing concern in Washington about executive overreach and the debate over the Arctic. The proposed congressional action comes amid ongoing discussions among Trump advisers about options related to Greenland, but no formal acquisition plan has been put forward.
European governments have signalled coordinated readiness. France said it is working with allies on a response plan that would defend territorial integrity and uphold international law as part of broader NATO security cooperation in the Arctic. Separately, the leader of Greenland’s opposition urged Nuuk to engage in direct talks with Washington without Denmark as an intermediary, suggesting Greenland should assert its own diplomatic agency in discussions related to its future. The proposal, however, draws no consensus and highlights differing views within Greenland on how to manage relations with both Denmark and the United States.
The War in Ukraine: Ukraine and the US to revisit territorial questions and Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant control in peace talks
On 07 January, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskiy said US and Ukrainian negotiators would once again take up the issues of territory and the Zaporizhzhia Nuclear Power Plant, the most contentious issues in talks aimed at ending the war. Kyiv has firmly rejected Russian demands to cede the eastern Donetsk region or relinquish Europe’s largest nuclear facility, which was seized by Moscow back in 2022. While US officials like Steve Witkoff have indicated that possible land compromises were discussed, President Zelenskiy has insisted that any territorial concessions must be approved through a national referendum. Reuters reports recent opinion polls showing that while many Ukrainians are open to freezing current front lines, a large majority oppose formally giving up territory. President Zelenskiy said the US has floated a proposal for trilateral management of the Zaporizhzhia nuclear plant, including an American chief manager, while Kyiv has countered with a joint Ukrainian-American arrangement that would allow Washington to determine the use of half of the facility’s power output.
Greenland: Discussions in the US over acquiring Greenland spurs European allies to prepare response
On 07 January, the media reported that the senior advisers to US President Donald Trump have been discussing options for acquiring Greenland. Some officials portrayed the idea as linked to long-term US national and military security interests. President Trump has revived a proposal first raised during his earlier presidency that the United States should gain control of the Danish territory. The renewed debate has prompted reactions in Europe. France said it was working with other European allies on a plan. France's officials emphasised that any move would need to respect territorial integrity and international law and that responses would be coordinated among NATO partners. The discussions underscored shared concern among European governments about sovereignty, defence cooperation, and Arctic security. Greenland has repeatedly expressed that it does not want to become part of the United States, and most Greenlanders oppose such a change. European allies reaffirmed support for Greenland’s autonomy and stressed collective defence through NATO rather than unilateral territorial shifts.
The War in Ukraine: Macron hosts Kyiv allies in Paris to seal security pacts
On 06 January, French President Emmanuel Macron convened Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky and delegates from over 30 "Coalition of the Willing" nations in Paris to secure robust security guarantees for Kyiv. UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer, NATO chief Mark Rutte, and US envoys Steve Witkoff and Jared Kushner are taking part in this event. The summit targets a multinational force to safeguard Ukraine post-ceasefire, alongside economic and military aid, plus a US "backstop" against Russian violations. Zelensky, following the Trump talks, revealed a "90 per cent agreed" peace framework, with disputes over the territorial cessions in Donbas. Russia refused interim truces, ramping up energy strikes, while Washington pledges 15-year protections, though timelines lag. Talks undermined by US Venezuela raid, and Greenland grab threats, frustrating European leaders.
Greenland: President Trump renews threat to take control, and claims Denmark has failed to adequately protect it; Europe issues joint statement saying “Greenland belongs to its people”
On 06 January, the media reported that the US President Donald Trump has renewed his threat to take control of Greenland, stating that the Arctic island is vital to US national and military security. President Trump, who first floated the idea during his earlier presidency, has again refused to rule out the use of force. He argued that Denmark has failed to adequately protect the strategically important territory. He blamed the insufficient military presence in the Arctic and growing security risks from increased Russian and Chinese activity in the region as reasons. The renewed threat comes amid US assertiveness following a recent US military operation in Venezuela that resulted in the seizure of President Maduro. US officials have cited Greenland’s location in the Arctic and its critical mineral resources as central to American security interests, particularly in the context of NATO and Arctic defence.
European leaders responded with France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Poland, Spain and Denmark issuing a joint statement affirming that “Greenland belongs to its people” and that decisions regarding its future rest solely with Denmark and Greenland. They stressed that Arctic security must be ensured collectively through NATO and in line with international law. Poland's Prime Minister Donald Tusk warned that threats between NATO members would undermine the alliance. Greenland’s Prime Minister Jens-Frederik Nielsen welcomed European support and called for a “respectful dialogue” with the United States, emphasising territorial integrity. Denmark has pledged DKK 42 billion to strengthen its Arctic defence presence amid growing tensions.
The War in Ukraine: President Zelenskiy appoints a former deputy prime minister of Canada as economic development adviser
On 05 January, Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskiy announced that he had appointed Chrystia Freeland, Canada’s Former Deputy Prime Minister from 2019 to 2024, as his economic development adviser due to her experience attracting investment. On X, he wrote that Ukraine needed to strengthen its “internal resilience” to end the war. Freeland, who has Ukrainian ancestry, is currently serving as a member of Canada’s parliament and as Ottawa’s special envoy to Ukraine.
AMERICAS THIS WEEK
Venezuela: Oil seizures deepen Venezuela crisis amid US-led operation
On 08 January, Interior Minister Diosdado Cabello reported 100 fatalities, including 32 Cuban personnel, calling the operation a "cold-blooded" assault on Maduro's security detail. Maduro, who sustained a leg injury, has pleaded not guilty to US drug and arms charges. In response, the US Senate is preparing for a crucial vote on Thursday on a resolution to limit President Trump's unilateral actions, following accusations of misleading Congress regarding regime change plans. Senators Tim Kaine and Rand Paul have denounced the situation as an unconstitutional quagmire, though the resolution is likely to face a veto.
The US seized two Venezuela-linked oil tankers in the Atlantic Ocean, one of which was sailing under the Russian flag, as part of President Donald Trump's assertive efforts to control oil flows in the Americas. The Marinera and M. Sophia diverted USD 2 billion worth of oil to US refiners, and the selective easing of 2019 sanctions unlocked 50 million barrels, causing global crude prices to fall amid renewed supply concerns. Beijing criticised the move as "bullying" and a blatant resource grab, with spokesperson Mao Ning denouncing the "America First" redirection of its top supplier's exports. Trump envisions years of US oversight to manage and rebuild Venezuela profitably through its vast reserves, funneling revenues to buy American goods while lowering energy costs. He remains in constant communication with interim leader Delcy Rodriguez, who mourns the raid's toll but is open to cooperative energy ties.
US: President Trump announces withdrawal from 66 international organizations, including UNFCCC and UN Women, as they “operate contrary to US national interests”
On 08 January, US President Donald Trump announced the withdrawal from 66 international organizations and treaties because they “operate contrary to US national interests.” This includes treaties such as the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which is foundational to the 2015 Paris climate deal, and UN Women, which promotes gender equality. The move, detailed in a presidential memorandum, targets entities deemed to go against US interests and promote "radical climate policies, global governance, and ideological programs that conflict with US sovereignty and economic strength," according to the White House. "The United States would be the first country to walk away from the UNFCCC," said Manish Bapna, President of the Natural Resources Defense Council, and highlighted the lost influence in global economic opportunities. This move reflects President Trump's ongoing skepticism of multilateral institutions during his second term.
Venezuela: US seizes Russian-flagged tanker, as President Trump pushes to control oil flows
On 07 January, the United States seized a Russian-flagged tanker linked to Venezuela. US officials said the Coast Guard and military boarded the tanker, Marinera, after it refused to be boarded last month and switched flags. The seizure coincided with US efforts to finalise a deal to import up to 50 million barrels of Venezuelan crude, which could potentially divert shipments away from China. Beijing, being the main buyer of crude from Venezuela, denounced the move as “bullying,” while oil prices fell on expectations of increased supply. Trump has argued that revenues from Venezuelan oil, refined and sold under US oversight, would benefit both countries. Although negotiations with state oil firm PDVSA are reported to be progressing, Venezuela’s government has not released an official announcement.
Venezuela: Maduro pleads not guilty at the US court and declares that he was "kidnapped"
On 06 January, the deposed Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro pleaded not guilty in a Manhattan federal court on Monday to charges of narco-terrorism and cocaine trafficking, following a US military raid. Maduro declared that he had been "kidnapped" and remained the legitimate leader of the oil-rich country. In Caracas, the power vacuum has been filled by Vice President Delcy Rodríguez, who was sworn in as interim president. While Rodríguez officially demands Maduro's release, the Trump administration has indicated a preference for working with her over the traditional opposition to maintain stability. This stance has sidelined opposition leader María Corina Machado, who praised the US intervention and vowed to return from exile to lead a transition toward free elections. The seizure has sparked a diplomatic crisis at the United Nations, with China and Russia condemning the move as "state terrorism." Domestically, President Trump asserted the US is now "in charge" of Venezuela and expressed his plans to rebuild the country’s crippled oil infrastructure. However, with Maduro’s loyalists still patrolling the streets and the US declaring a total oil embargo, the country faces a volatile period.
The US and Venezuela: Trump says Washington is “in charge” of Venezuela; Maduro appears in New York court on drug-trafficking charges
On 05 January, Venezuela's President Nicolas Maduro appeared in a New York federal court to face drug-related charges brought by US prosecutors, following the US military operation that captured him and his wife in Caracas. President Maduro, long accused of involvement in narcotics trafficking and corruption, was flown to Manhattan, where he is expected to contest the charges, including alleged ties to cartels and narco-terrorism conspiracies. US President Donald Trump said Washington is “in charge” of Venezuela and has not ruled out further action if Maduro’s government allies do not cooperate. President Trump also threatened possible military action against Colombia, accusing its President Gustavo Petro of failing to curb cocaine production, remarks that drew condemnation from Bogota as “unacceptable interference.” Meanwhile, Venezuela’s interim leader, Vice President Delcy Rodriguez, denounced the operation as a violation of international law and demanded Maduro’s release, while EU and other international actors criticised the US for escalating regional tensions.
About the authors
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha are postgraduate students at the Department of International Studies, Stella Maris College, Chennai. Lekshmi MK is a postgraduate student at the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai. Santhiya M and Aparna A Nair are undergraduate students at the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai.
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha is an undergraduate student double majoring in BSc Clinical Psychology and BA Political Science at the School of Liberal Arts, Alliance University, Bengaluru. Sunidhi Sampige is a postgraduate student in MA Diplomacy, Law and Business at OP Jindal Global University, Sonipat. Nirmiti Mhatre is an undergraduate student majoring in BA Political Science at the School of Liberal Arts, Alliance University, Bengaluru. Akshath Kaimal is a Research Assistant at NIAS.
Lekshmi MK is pursuing postgraduation in the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai.
