Global Politics Explainer

CWA # 2226
Global Politics Explainer
Colombia's ban on Female Genital Mutilation:
What is the new legislation? What are the challenges? And what are the implications?

Nithin V
11 August 2026
Photo Source:

In June 2026, Colombia’s Congress approved Bill 440, making the country the first in Latin America to introduce a specific law banning Female Genital Mutilation (FGM). The new law ensures legal reform with education, healthcare, awareness programmes and community participation rather than just relying on punishment. The legislation also necessitates the government bring a national policy with an improved reporting system, besides strengthening preventive measures.

Female Genital Mutilation: Why is it persisting in parts of Colombia?
The practice is prevalent mainly among some Embera indigenous communities in the Choco and Risaralda regions. Despite many indigenous leaders' publicity rejecting the practice, it has been continued over the years due to cultural beliefs about femininity, purity, and preparation for adulthood. The leaders argued that the practice is not an essential aspect of their cultural identity and showed active participation in its elimination. Apart from the cultural beliefs, the remoteness of the region of the indigenous communities is also found to be the reason for the persistence of FGM due to the limited access to healthcare, education, and other related government services, besides the prevalence of poverty. In addition, the weak reporting system, combined with many unreported cases, has impacted the elimination of the practice over the years.

What is Bill 440, Colombia’s legislative response to FGM?
Although the rights of women and children have been protected by Colombia’s constitution, there was no specific legislation previously for addressing FGM. The Bill 440 has adopted a community-based public health approach instead of just relying on criminal penalties. The legislation has been made effective by combining legal protection with the provisions for education, healthcare services, and awareness campaigns, ensuring cooperation by the indigenous communities. 

What have been the responses?
Having witnessed the serious medical consequences of FGM, the doctors and healthcare workers strongly support the legislation on stressing that the practice creates lifelong physical and psychological harm without any medical benefits. However, considering the challenge of limited access to healthcare in remote indigenous areas, they demand greater investment in healthcare facilities and the positioning of required trained personnel in the FGM prevailing areas. 

Indigenous leaders and women's organisations have come out to extend support for the legislation. Many Embera leaders have expressed in the public domain that FGM is not an essential part of their cultural identity. Indigenous women have come forward to encourage the families to abandon the practice and have led awareness campaigns within their communities in this regard. 

Civil society organisations have welcomed the legislation but stated that passing a law is only the beginning. To achieve long-term success, they emphasise that the legal reform must be supported by wider social and institutional changes in terms of sustained funding, awareness campaigns, and improved healthcare services. They also insist on maintaining continuous dialogue between government institutions and indigenous communities for sustainable outcomes. 

What are the challenges ahead?
The implementation of the law in the remote interior regions poses obstacles due to insufficient healthcare services, geographical isolation, and limited institutional infrastructure. The ability of the government in monitoring the vulnerable communities and providing timely assistance in the region is constrained due to the shortages of trained personnel, and hence the implementation effectiveness may vary across various regions in the country.

The under-reporting of FGM, and hence the official statistics may not reflect the actual scale of the problem. The under-reporting is due to reasons like fear of legal consequences, social pressure, and limited trust in government institutions. 

Balancing human rights with indigenous cultural autonomy is a broader policy challenge since the country recognises the collective rights of indigenous people to preserve their traditions. On the enactment of the law, there is now a constitutional responsibility to protect the vulnerable from harmful FGM practice, and hence a situation of delicate balance between respecting cultural identity and ensuring the safety of girls at risk.

The success of the policy initiative depends on maintaining long-term trust between the indigenous communities and the government. 

What does Colombia’s ban mean?
The legislation has important regional significance beyond Colombia. Other countries in Latin America that have not widely documented FGM can learn from Colombia’s experience, which demonstrates that a government can address harmful traditional practices by ensuring cooperation among the stakeholders, with active community participation. The successful policy implementation in Colombia is essential as it will encourage other countries to strengthen child protection policies while respecting cultural diversity.

Colombia’s decision to ban FGM is a bold and significant step in protecting the rights, health, and dignity of women and girls. It demonstrated that harmful practices prevalent in the indigenous communities can be addressed through a multi-pronged approach through a combination of legal reform, education, public healthcare measures, and more importantly, with active community participation.

The success of Colombia’s initiative is crucial, as it could become a model for Latin America, showing how governments can safeguard vulnerable groups by promoting an inclusive approach with active community participation, leading to harmonious social change, besides safeguarding the cultural identities of the indigenous communities.    

References:
“Colombia Passes First Law in Latin America to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation,” Equality Now, 10 June 2026.
https://equalitynow.org/news/news-and-insights/colombia-passes-first-law-in-latin-america-to-eradicate-female-genital-mutilation/

“Inside the Fight to End Female Genital Mutilation in Colombia,” Al Jazeera, 14 June 2026.
https://www.aljazeera.com/features/longform/2026/6/14/making-history-the-fight-to-end-female-genital-mutilation-in-colombia

“Colombia Bans Female Genital Mutilation in Landmark Law,” Latin America Reports, 10 June 2026.
 https://latinamericareports.com/colombia-bans-female-genital-mutilation-with-landmark-law/14651/

“Colombia Becomes First Latin American Country to Ban Female Genital Mutilation,” Reuters, 10 June 2026.
https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/colombia-becomes-first-latin-american-country-ban-female-genital-mutilation-2026-06-10/ 

“International Day of Zero Tolerance for Female Genital Mutilation 2026,” UNICEF, 6 February 2026.
https://www.unicef.org/documents/international-day-zero-tolerance-female-genital-mutilation-2026 

“Female Genital Mutilation,” World Health Organization, 5 February 2024.
 https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation

“UNFPA–UNICEF Joint Programme on the Elimination of Female Genital Mutilation,” United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Updated 4 February 2026.
 https://www.unfpa.org/unfpa-unicef-joint-programme-elimination-female-genital-mutilation

“Eliminating Female Genital Mutilation: An Interagency Statement,” World Health Organization, 2008.
 https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241596442

About the author

Nithin V is a postgraduate student in International Relations, with an interest in geopolitics, international political economy, and climate governance. He is currently an intern at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bengaluru.


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Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1733

Ananya Dinesh

China and the Pacific Islands 
What was the recent China-PIC joint statement about? What it says, and what it means?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1728

M Kejia

G7 Summit 2025:
The Focus on the Middle East and Trade negotiations
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1726

GP Team

The World This Week #316
China-Central Asia Summit in Kazakhstan, and the G7 Summit in Canada
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1725

Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia

Operation Midnight Hammer: US bombs three nuclear sites in Iran
What were the three Iranian nuclear sites that were targeted? What are the B2 Bombers and Bunker Buster Bombs? What do these attacks mean? What Next?
Conflict Weekly
June 2025 | CWA # 1724

IPRI Team

Conflict Weekly #286
The Spiralling Israel-Iran Crisis, and the Dangerous Hunger Hotspots
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1721

Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M

Who are the Afrikaners?
Why is Trump interested in the Afrikaner question in South Africa?
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1720

Lekshmi MK

New WMO Report on Arctic Warming
What are the social, economic and environmental implications of Arctic warming
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1719

J Yamini  

China’s EV Surge
What contributes to the rise of BYD
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1717

J Yamini

Gender Violence in Pakistan:
What are the larger issues in the Noor Mukadam case?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1715

Femy Francis

The US-China:
On Tariffs, Rare Earths and Visas
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1713

GP Team

The World This Week #315
The UN Ocean Conference in France and the US-China Meeting in London
CW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1712

R Preetha

The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1705

GP Team

The World This Week #314
Elections in South Korea and Poland I China and the Pacific Island Countries I Bangladesh Election Announcement 2026
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1703

M Kejia 

Sagarmatha Sambaad in Nepal
Kathmandu’s Global Agenda for the Himalayas
Global Politics Explainer
June 2025 | CWA # 1700

R Preetha

Ethiopia bans the TPLF
What does the TPLF ban mean for the Pretoria agreement? What next for Ethiopia?
TWTW Note
June 2025 | CWA # 1694

Aashish Ganeshan

The US:
Harvard vs Trump Administration
The World This Week
June 2025 | CWA # 1691

GP Team

The World This Week #313
China-ASEAN-GCC Summit I President Macron's visit to South East Asia I Trump Vs Harvard
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1690

GP Team

The World This Week #312
Elections in Romania, Portugal & Poland I UK-EU Summit
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1689

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine
Continuing Russia’s Aerial Attacks, despite exchange of prisoners
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1688

Ayan Datta

Gaza
The Humanitarian Crisis and Israel’s Renewed Offensive
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1685

Aparna A Nair

UK-EU Summit:
First step towards a reset
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1683

Aashish Ganeshan

Elections in Portugal:
The Rise of Chega Party and the Search for Political Stability
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1679

Aashish Ganeshan

US in the Middle Easr
Trump’s visit to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1678

Gauri Gupta

China in Latin America
China-CELAC forum: Strengthening ties with Latin America and Caribbean
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1677

GP Team

The World This Week #310-311
China in Latin America and the Carribbean I Trump's Middle East Visit I Denmark as the new Arctic Chair
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1675

Lekshmi MK

Turkey:
PKK disbands after 40 years of armed insurgency
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1673

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine:
The Discussion in Turkiye and the Elusive Ceasefire
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1671

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

US, Ukraine and Russia:
Air attacks amidst a Minerals deal and Ceasefire Proposals
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1670

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Singapore Elections in 2025:
People’s Action Party (PAP) Wins, Again
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1667

R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah

East Asia:
Tough Tariff Negotiations with the US
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1666

Padmashree Anandhan

The US-Ukraine
The mineral deal with the US
Conflict Weekly
May 2025 | CWA # 1665
Conflict Weekly # 280-81
India-Pakistan De-escalation I Ukraine Discussion in Istanbul I The Battle over Port Sudan I Disbanding of PKK in Turkiye I France-Algeria Diplomatic Tensions
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1663

R Preetha

Canada Elections 2025:
What do the results convey? What next for Mark Carney?
Conflict Weekly 250th Issue
October 2024 | CWA # 1480

IPRI Team

This Week in History
July 2024 | CWA # 1413

Ramya B

Global Politics Early Bird
May 2024 | CWA # 1336

Femy Francis

This Week in History
April 2024 | CWA # 1275

Ramya B

NIAS Global Politics Database
March 2024 | CWA # 1251

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
This Week in History
March 2024 | CWA # 1246

Sivasubramanian K

NIAS Global Politics Database
February 2024 | CWA # 1226

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
The World This Week
November 2023 | CWA # 1148

GP Team

The War in Ukraine
October 2023 | CWA # 1091

Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri

Issues for Europe
NIAS Pakistan Weekly
October 2023 | CWA # 1087

PR Team

The World This Week
October 2023 | CWA # 1083

GP Team

Conflict Weekly
August 2023 | CWA # 1049

IPRI Team

IPRI Quarterly Forecasts I Triggers, Trends, and Trajectories
July 2023 | CWA # 1012

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar continues to burn
The World This Week
July 2023 | CWA # 1009

GP Team

2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 879

Padmashree Anandhan

The Ukraine War
2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 872

Sapna Elsa Abraham

Europe: Heatwaves, Wildfires, Droughts, and Ice Melt in Alps
November 2022 | CWA # 838

Rishma Banerjee

Tracing Europe's droughts
NIAS Africa Weekly
March 2022 | CWA # 705

NIAS Africa Team

In Focus: Libya
The World This Week: 150th Issue
December 2021 | CWA # 630

GP Team

Europe in 2021
Pakistan Reader
October 2021 | CWA # 588

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

TLP is back again
NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology & International Relations
August 2021 | CWA # 528

STIR Team

Space Tourism
GLOBAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS
September 2020 | CWA # 337

Anju Annie Mammen

The FATF Meeting, February 2020
February 2020 | CWA # 235

Lakshmi V Menon

Science, Technology and International Relations
September 2019 | CWA # 162

Lakshman Chakravarthy N

5G: A Primer
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 71

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 70

Nasima Khatoon

The Maldives
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 69

Harini Madhusudan

India
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 68

Sourina Bej

Bangladesh
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 67

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Afghanistan
United States
July 2018 | CWA # 47

Rahul Arockiaraj

East Asia
June 2018 | CWA # 26

Siddhatti Mehta