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NIAS Global Politics Team
9 October 2026 |
Students Protest in France:
Underfunded schools, Marginalised suburbs and an Increasing fiscal squeeze
Preetha Renganarayanan
In the news
On 03 October, Reuters reported that tens of thousands of students and supporters protested across France, continuing demonstrations that began on 21 September over dilapidated schools, overcrowding and teacher shortages.
On 06 October, Reuters reported that the protests spread nationwide, marking the largest mobilisation since the demonstrations began. Police used tear gas and water cannons in several cities; President Macron convened an emergency meeting. The Interior Ministry estimated that more than 250,000 people participated in the protests, while organisers put the figure at 450,000, reported France 24.
On the same day, PM Lecornu told lawmakers that 215 teenagers and 85 school staff had been injured, calling it “the heaviest toll in decades” for the school system, reported Reuters. Further, France’s Interior Ministry said 6,100 people had been arrested since the protests began, with most of them being minors.
Issues at large
1. A deepening crisis of underfunding, overcrowding and dilapidation of schools
The protests are rooted in growing concerns over deteriorating conditions in France’s lycées, where students generally spend their final three years of secondary education. Students have raised concerns over overcrowded classrooms, teacher shortages, ageing school buildings and demanding schedules. Successive heatwaves in June also exposed the poor condition of school infrastructure, with inadequate insulation and a lack of air conditioning making classrooms difficult to use. Despite France ranking around the OECD average in education spending, expenditure per secondary student has stood largely stagnant at EUR 11,660 in 2024 compared to EUR 11,910 in 2010, as per Education Ministry data. Though the nationwide high school protest movement on this scale in the 1990s secured increased funding, spending per student later stagnated despite growing demands on schools.
2. The education divide in France’s marginalised suburbs
The protests started in the deprived suburbs of Paris before spreading to the other cities. The situation in Seine-Saint-Denis, one of France’s poorest departments, shows how educational problems are disproportionately concentrated in poorer urban areas. According to an elected parent representative, classes in mathematics, humanities, English and sport at a school in Aubervilliers, a suburb north of Paris, had been cancelled since the start of the academic year due to teacher shortages. A CGT union survey found that two-thirds of schools in Seine-Saint-Denis had unfilled teacher positions. The concentration of these problems in deprived suburbs has therefore brought wider concerns over unequal access to public education and the marginalisation of poorer urban communities into focus.
3. The wider divide between the urban core and the periphery
The suburban frustration reflects deeper socioeconomic inequalities in France. In 2023, the median annual standard of living in Seine-Saint-Denis was EUR 21,250, compared to EUR 33,650 in Paris and EUR 25,840 nationally, according to the national statistics bureau of France. The department’s poverty rate stood at 29.5 per cent, almost twice the national rate of 16.2 per cent. In 2021, within Greater Paris, poverty ranged from below 7 per cent in affluent areas like Garches to over 40 per cent in areas like Aubervilliers in Seine-Saint-Denis. The protests therefore reflect not only grievances over schools, but also the wider socioeconomic disparities between France’s urban core and its periphery.
4. Growing fiscal squeeze with budget cuts and rising public debt
The protests are escalating in the backdrop of a wider fiscal squeeze that is limiting the government’s room for public spending. The government’s 2027 budget includes EUR 54 billion in cuts and savings which led to a nationwide public-sector strike on 29 September. It has also proposed freezing state employees’ base salaries in 2027 making it the fourth such annual freeze. Unions argue that repeated freezes have reduced their purchasing power. In addition, rising borrowing costs are adding pressure with the yield on France’s 10-year government bonds recently exceeding 5 per cent, its highest level in 24 years. This cumulation of high public debt, weak growth and higher borrowing costs have constrained the government’s fiscal space. The student protests therefore come at a time when the government faces competing demands to reduce expenditure while addressing gaps in public services.
In perspective
First, there is a two-layered deficit: stagnant funding and the urban-periphery divide. Short term measures such as replacing absent teachers and school repairs might quell the immediate frustration, but the stagnation in per-student education spending points to a deeper resource deficit that requires sustained investment. This challenge is also unevenly distributed among poorer suburbs. Thus, measures that do not address both the funding gap and its unequal geographical impact, may leave the underlying social disparity in public-service provision unresolved.
Second, France’s fiscal situation limits what the government can offer. Given the high borrowing costs and a major savings push, a significant increase in education spending may prove difficult. Therefore, the government’s ability to balance these parallel pressures will determine whether the public frustration will subside or develop into a wider challenge on public-services.
Third, the 2026 student protests could become a political test for the government. The demonstrations are unfolding at a politically sensitive moment with President Macron in the final phase of his presidency and unable to seek a third consecutive term in the 2027 presidential election. With limited political and fiscal room to respond, the government’s handling of the protests could serve as a test of its ability to respond to growing public grievances.
Preetha Renganarayanan is a Research Assistant at the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru.
The Houthi-Saudi Arabia Escalation:
A Revived civil war, Yemen's renewed posture, and Tipping regional power balances
Brighty Ann Sarah
In the news
On 02 October, Reuters reported that Pakistan’s Foreign Minister Ishaq Dar stated that Iran had proposed engaging Yemen’s Houthis through political channels following the group’s attacks. Dar noted that both Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian and Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi sought to bring the matter to a conclusion.
On 03 October, Reuters and other major outlets reported that the Houthis had targeted an Aramco facility in Riyadh using ballistic missiles and drones.
On 05 October, Al Jazeera and other sources reported that the Saudi-backed Yemeni government had claimed a rapid military advance under Operation Dawn of Yemen, aimed at dislodging the Iran-backed Houthis from much of the territory they had seized.
Yemen’s Presidential Leadership Council Chairman Rashad al-Alimi announced the launch of military operations to recapture the remaining territories held by the Houthis and restore “the authority of the state and its institutions over the entire national territory”.
On 07 October, the Houthis retaliated with ballistic missile and explosive-laden drone strikes on the Yemeni city of Aden. The group subsequently claimed responsibility for attacks targeting two civilian airports and the Royal Saudi Air Force’s King Khalid Air Base.
Issues at large
1. Revival of Yemen’s dormant civil war
Yemen’s civil war traces its roots to the aftermath of the 2011 Arab Spring, which forced long-time president Ali Abdullah Saleh from power. The Houthis, a Zaydi Shia movement from the northern Saada governorate that had already fought several rounds of conflict against the central government capitalised on this weakness. In 2014 they advanced from their heartland, and seized control of the capital Sanaa. Saudi Arabia entered the conflict in March 2015 at the head of a coalition, launching Operation Decisive Storm. Riyadh viewed the Houthis as an Iran-aligned threat on its southern border and a challenge to its regional influence.
The kingdom has remained both a key backer of the internationally recognised government and a primary target for Houthi attacks. The 2022 UN-brokered truce largely froze the fighting for several years. That calm ended in September when the Houthis seized control of the Bad el-Maneb strait in connection with the Iranian blockade of the Strait of Hormuz, snipping Saudi Arabia’s access to its major shipping artery. The escalation plunged Yemen back into an all-out war.
2. Yemen’s renewed posture
The latest offensive from the Yemeni government and the deceive victory had long remained an impossibility. The significant support from Saudi Arabia supplied the decisive military edge to Sanaa. The operation has reportedly destroyed Houthi positions, supply lines and high-value targets, securing key territory and pushing them to the highlands. Further, the operation marked the first time in years that Yemen’s government has been successful in consolidating the operational coordination among the multiple anti-Houthi factions in the country after years of internal rivalry. The main forces involved include the Southern Giants Brigades, southern tribal and Salafi fighters; Nation’s Shield Forces, formed under Saudi auspices around and placed under the direct authority of Presidential Leadership Council head Rashad al-Alimi; and the Popular Resistance / Tihama Resistance and National Resistance elements comprised of local tribal and residual Republican Guard units operating on the western coast and around Taiz. This level of coordination signals significant momentum for a government that has long been fragmented, under-resourced and consistently outshown by the more cohesive Houthi military structure.
3. The strategic geography of the conflict
With the revival of full-scale war, the government’s stated objectives have expanded well beyond temporarily securing the strait and restoring commercial traffic. The territories now being fought over carry outsized importance, with the Bab al-Mandeb Strait and the adjacent coastline of Mocha, Dhubab and the surrounding Tihama plain directly affecting the security of Red Sea shipping and Saudi oil export routes. The highlands and supply roads around Taiz further determine whether the government can maintain links between its southern base in Aden and the rest of the country. Operation Dawn of Yemen itself has been framed as a campaign to reassert control over Houthi strongholds, including the capital Sanaa.
4. The US-Iran restraint and a new challenge
Both the United States and Iran have largely remained outside the latest wave of direct fighting. Washington has declined Saudi requests for offensive military assistance beyond intelligence sharing, while Iran is publicly expressing willingness to mediate between Riyadh and the group. Beyond the initial strategic contest over the Bab al-Mandeb, the conflict in Yemen has taken on a dynamic of its own. What began as a secondary theatre linked to the broader US-Iran confrontation has grown into a self-sustaining war. The Houthis-Saudi confrontation now pose challenges well beyond Iran’s interest, and a resolution to the broader US-Iran conflict no longer guarantees a desescalation in Yemen.
In perspective
Yemen’s latest gains in its campaign against the Houthis mark a significant escalation in the government’s efforts to reclaim territory from the group. However, the advance has been made possible largely through Saudi Arabia’s support, and its sustainability remains uncertain. For the Houthis, the loss of strategic territory represents a significant setback, while their “escalation for escalation” response sustains the risk of a prolonged conflict, particularly as negotiations remain at a nascent stage. Tehran’s assistance also hangs on a balance as deeper involvement in the Houthi conflict risks further straining its already stretched capabilities.
Brighty Ann Sarah is a Research Assistant at the National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru.
Afghanistan, Pakistan and the Moscow Format Consultation:
Increasing Taliban legitimacy, Pakistan-Afghanistan tensions, and a Missing joint statement
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
In the news
On 05 October, officials from Russia, Afghanistan, China, India, Iran, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan met in Moscow for the eighth Moscow Format consultations on Afghanistan. Delegations from Belarus and Egypt also attended as guests. The Afghan delegation was led by Foreign Minister Amir Khan Muttaqi.
On the same day, Sergey Lavrov held a separate meeting with the Afghan Foreign Minister. The two sides reportedly discussed prospects for developing bilateral cooperation and interaction within international and regional forums. Lavrov stated: “Five years is a short time to overcome the consequences of many decades of occupation, yet your [the Taliban] government’s achievements are evident, and we welcome them,” further noting the Taliban’s successes in combating extremists and its efforts to eradicate drug trafficking.
Following the meeting, Russia’s special representative for Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, said that the delegations of Pakistan and Afghanistan “didn’t see eye to eye,” resulting in the lack of a joint statement. However, he added that while this was regrettable, the Moscow Format remained useful as a platform for regional cooperation.
Issues at large
1. The Moscow Format and the evolving legitimacy of the Taliban
The Moscow Format started as a trilateral between Russia, China, and Pakistan in December 2016, and was expanded to India, Iran, Afghanistan, and the Central Asian Republics (CARs) in 2017. The stated purpose and objective of this format was to help facilitate intra-Afghan talks, act as a reconciliation process in Afghanistan to establish peace, and to discuss the humanitarian, political, and security implications of the conflict. The Taliban first attended in 2018 as a stakeholder in the conflict. After Russia recognised the Taliban government in 2025, it joined as a formal member. This meeting in 2026 demonstrates regular participation by the Taliban alongside other countries at a high-level forum, increasingly establishing the legitimacy of the Taliban’s governing authority, while much of the international community refuses to recognise the Taliban government formally.
2. Continued Afghanistan-Pakistan tensions, despite negotiations and mediations
The meeting comes after repeated efforts internationally to mediate and discuss the Pakistan-Afghanistan Conflict. Qatar and Türkiye helped secure a ceasefire in October 2025, followed by Istanbul talks and a proposed monitoring mechanism. In 2026, China hosted talks in Urumqi after renewed fighting, while Saudi Arabia, Qatar and Türkiye also supported efforts to de-escalate the conflict. However, these initiatives have failed to produce a resolution to the dispute over cross-border militancy and Pakistan’s challenges with the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP). In addition, the lack of a joint statement further reflects the depth of their divide, as Pakistan continues to demand that Kabul take verifiable action against militants operating from Afghan territory, while the Taliban rejects Islamabad’s accusations and continues to condemn Pakistani military strikes.
3. Russia’s strategic stake and the Moscow Format as an instrument
Russia’s interest in Afghanistan has seemingly been security. Lavrov has argued that the Pakistan-Afghan tension is partly due to the Islamic State and outside interference. This suggests that Moscow possibly remains concerned about the Islamic State-Khorasan Province (ISIS-K), narcotics trafficking, and the potential spillover of instability into Central Asia. This is also in tandem with Russia's removal of the Taliban’s terrorist designation, recognition of its government later that year, and in May 2026 describing its relationship with Kabul as a “full-fledged partnership,” covering security, trade and humanitarian cooperation. The Moscow Format consequently serves as an instrument through which Russia maintains diplomatic relevance in Afghanistan and the wider Eurasian region, and advances Moscow's "regional solutions to regional problems" doctrine.
In perspective
First, the consultations demonstrate the Taliban’s growing legitimacy. Its participation as a formal member, engagement with Lavrov, bilateral meetings, and ability to influence the language of the final document reflect its growing capacity to shape regional discussions and be treated as Afghanistan’s government.
Second, the lack of a joint statement reflects the deepening divide between Kabul and Islamabad. With Pakistan's strikes continuing days before and after the meeting, the forum was unlikely to change the conflict's course. While the lack of a consensus this time demonstrated a setback, Moscow asserts that the format was made not for bilateral dispute resolution but for regional cooperation.
Third, Russia’s interest possibly stands between security concerns and relevance. Hosting these consultations lets Moscow keep an eye on the security situation of the region, while building regional consensus on security, humanitarian aid, and trade, and presenting itself as a continued convenor of diplomacy when it comes to Afghanistan.
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella is an undergraduate student from the Department of Political Science, School of Liberal Arts, Alliance University, Bengaluru. She is currently an intern at NIAS.
CW Newsmakers
Congo's Ebola crisis & Ethiopia's Tigray conflict
Namrata L Ghanghatkar and Urja R Kudalkar
Congo's Ebola crisis:
Over 4,000 dead and first fatality confirmed in Kenya
On 07 October, Reuters and other major sources reported that an Ebola outbreak in the Democratic Republic of Congo had infected more than 8,000 people and killed over 4,000, making it the second largest Ebola outbreak on record. Caused by the rare Bundibugyo strain, for which there is no approved vaccine or specific treatment, the outbreak was declared in May after starting in Ituri province and has since spread to seven provinces in the country's north and east. Uganda recorded 20 cases and two deaths before being declared Ebola-free, and a doctor who returned to France in June tested positive, with no further spread. Kenya became the fourth country linked to the outbreak after a Kenyan citizen who had lived in Congo for seven years died in Nairobi, exposing weaknesses in border screening. The Médecins Sans Frontières organisation warned of an "alarming surge" in North Kivu province, which now accounts for 40 per cent of new cases, likening the response to "fighting a megafire." Butembo, home to around two million people, has only four treatment centres. Armed conflict, mistrust of authorities, violence against health workers, strikes by unpaid health workers, misinformation, and aid cuts have hindered the response, while the UN reported that soldiers burned an Ebola-hit camp near Bunia, forcing 19,000 people to flee. The WHO recommended against travel restrictions and is supporting Kenya's contact tracing and surveillance.
Ethiopia's Tigray conflict escalates:
As government forces enter Mekelle and rebels withdraw
On 03 October 2026, Reuters and other major news reported that pro-government forces reportedly retook the airport in Mekelle, the regional capital of Tigray, amid renewed fighting with Tigrayan forces. The clashes marked a serious escalation of tensions following the civil war that lasted from 2020 to 2022. Government forces advanced towards the city as Tigrayan fighters reportedly abandoned their positions. Tigrayan rebels subsequently withdrew from Mekelle as government forces entered the city. The developments marked a significant shift in control of the regional capital. However, the withdrawal does not necessarily indicate that the wider conflict has ended. Concerns remain over further clashes, civilian safety and the disruption of essential services. The renewed violence highlights unresolved tensions following the November 2022 Pretoria peace agreement, which ended the previous large-scale war. Disputes over territories, the return of internally displaced people, political representation and the disarmament of Tigrayan forces remain significant challenges. Continued fighting could undermine the peace process and deepen the humanitarian crisis. It also raises concerns about stability across the Horn of Africa, where regional rivalries add to existing security challenges. The latest developments underline the fragility of the peace agreement and the need for renewed political engagement to prevent further escalation.
Namrata L Ghanghatkar and Urja R Kudalkar are postgraduate students at the Department of Public Policy, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences. They are currently Research interns at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bengaluru.
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar and Urja Kudalkar
Brighty Ann Sarah
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Preetha Renganarayanan
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Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Aashiyana Adhikari
GP Team
Shailesh Nayak
Lakshmi V Menon
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Sourina Bej
Rashmi Ramesh
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
D. Suba Chandran
Parikshith Pradeep
Nidhi Dalal
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
Lakshmi V Menon
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Raakhavee Ramesh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Sourina Bej
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Harini Madhusudan
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
Sourina Bej
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudhan
Druta Bhatt
Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
Divyabharathi E
Oishee Majumdar
D. Suba Chandran
Sourina Bej
Gayan Gowramma KC
Druta Bhatt
Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Hely Desai
Manushi Kapadia
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Divyabharathi E
Miti Shah
Hely Desai
Druta Bhatt
Manushi Kapadia
Miti Shah
Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lakshmi V Menon
Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E