|
GP Team
23 August 2020 |
The World This Week # 81, 23 August 2020, Vol 2 No 34
Vivek Mishra, Sourina Bej, Abigail Fernandez & Rashmi Ramesh
Democratic Convention in the US and the formal nominations of Kamala Harris and Joe Biden
What happened?
On 20 August, the Democratic party concluded its four-day Democratic National Convention (DNC). Former US Vice-President Joe Biden took the centre stage by formally accepting the Democratic Party's nomination for the post of President.
Kamala Harris made history with her formal nomination as the first black woman and person of Asian descent on a major party's national ticket. This sets a definite tone to the US Presidential election in November, later this year, pitting Joe Biden against the sitting US President, Donald Trump.
What is the background?
First, the purpose of party conventions. The Democratic National Convention (DNC) is a series of presidential nominating conventions held every four years since 1832 by the Democratic Party. The primary objective of the Convention is to officially nominate a candidate for the President and Vice President and turn the presumptive status on the nominee to a final one. The pre-election conventions are also a platform for the Presidential candidate to speak directly, and connect with voters.
The DNC this year was unique in many respects. First, it was largely online; it was originally planned to be hosted in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Convention's broadcasts drew 122 million views across digital platform live streams and attracted 85.1 million to television broadcasts. Second, it created history in nominating a black woman of mixed India descent to one of the highest offices in the country. Kamala Harris was once a top contender for the Presidency but decided to drop out of the race, owing to difficulties in fundraising and too many contenders at the Primaries stage.
Second, the highlights of 2020 DNC. In his acceptance speech, Biden said, "The current President has cloaked America in darkness for much too long — too much anger, too much fear, too much division. Here and now, I give you my word: If you entrust me with the Presidency, I will draw on the best of us, not the worst. I will be an ally of the light, not the darkness." Among the star speakers were: Andrew Cuomo, Governor of New York; Minnesota Senator Amy Klobuchar; former First Lady Michelle Obama; independent Senator from Vermont, Bernie Sanders; Jill Biden; former President Bill Clinton, former Secretary of State John Kerry; Representative Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez; 2016 Democratic nominee Hillary Clinton; former President Barack Obama; Kamala Harris, and Massachusetts Senator Elizabeth Warren. The speeches of Barack and Michelle Obama stood out.
The Convention served as a platform to target Trump as incompetent, corrupt and lacking empathy.
What does it mean?
The DNC has also put a nail in the coffin of other Presidential candidates by finalizing their presidential nominee. Several other candidates dropped out of the 2020 presidential race. This included former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, Senator Cory Booker from New Jersey, former Mayor of South Bend, Indiana Pete Buttigieg, and entrepreneur Andrew Yang.
The Republican Convention will follow later, and President Trump will be its nominee. This clears the path for a straight fight between Joe Biden and Donald Trump. Biden's support has surged in the recent past, and closely allied Democratic groups raised $70 million during their four-day Convention. However, Trump's campaign and closely allied groups pulled in $165 million during the political fundraising month of July.
The level of support for both candidates shows that the Presidential race is likely to go to the wire.
Amid protest, Belarus becomes a new sphere of contention between the EU and Russia
What happened?
On 20 August, the European Union (EU) leaders spoke out in solidarity with the Belarusians. The latter has been protesting for their democratic rights and demanding the resignation of President Alexander Lukashenko, who has been in power for the last 26 years and who was once referred to as 'Europe's last dictator.' The statement by the EU comes after its officials held a virtual emergency summit wherein it concluded that "we don't recognize the results presented by the Belarus authorities."
The EU also has threatened sanctions against "a substantial number" of Belarusian leaders linked to violence and election fraud. In addition, the German Chancellor Angela Merkel reiterated that the elections "were neither fair nor free," and condemned the "brutal violence" against peaceful protesters.
Simultaneously, on the eve of the meeting, in a telephonic conversation, the Russian President Vladimir Putin attempted to discuss ways to encourage talks between the Opposition and the President. As the EU and Russia engage on Belarus, the external actors have determined the progression of the protest.
What is the background?
First, Belarus as the next sphere of influence between the EU and Russia. Belarus remains in a constant political space of negotiation where it risks falling under the Russian influence. Some believe, causing unrest with Lukashenko could drive Belarus into the hands of Russia, which has offered military help to Lukashenko. Drawing parallels with the Orange Revolution in Ukraine, and the invasion in Crimea, it is believed that Russia could end up intervening during the unrest. In this backdrop, Belarus has emerged as the point of contention wherein the EU, in trying to support the Opposition, wants to sway the country's foreign policy dynamics with Russia. Even though the President of Belarus shares a close association with Russia, the Belarusians want only to secure a regime change and are not seeking a relationship with the EU, Moscow or NATO, even though these external actors have an influence in the outcome of the protest.
Second, the attempt by Russia to retain Belarus under its sphere of influence. With the EU seeking to take control of the narrative emerging from the Belarus protests, Russia has equally tried to engage with Belarus, offering support to the regime. While the Opposition receives support from the neighbourhood that includes the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia and the EU, Russia has extended support to the regime. The repeat of a Ukraine moment looms large in the region, but Russia has to take note - that unlike Crimea and Ukraine, the Belarusians share a common affinity with the Soviet culture. Anti-Moscow sentiment is not leading the protest movement within Belarus.
Third, the democracy deficit in Eastern Europe and the protests against strongmen. This is not the first instance where the proletariat has rose against a system inherited from the Cold War Soviet era in East Europe. In the post-Cold War era, even though democratization took place, the institutional transition is yet to gain ground leading to frequent protests like in Belarus and the rest of East Europe. Democracy from below, remains a challenge in the region, where autocratic rulers like in Hungary, Lavinia and Poland remain. The protest for regime change in Belarus has emerged in this backdrop and the strong leadership has been challenged as gaining legitimacy more from outside than from the people of the country.
What does it mean?
First, the presence of external support has strengthened the opposition voices to the protest movement. Ahead of the virtual EU meeting, opposition leader Tsikhanouskaya released a video calling on the EU to support the "awakening" and not recognize the "fraudulent elections" that have sparked the mass protests." Thus, one sees how internal protest is drawing on external validation to strengthen its voice against the President in this process of regime change.
Second, with equal and opposite support from Russia, the military clampdown to throttle the protest will remain contingent on how the neighbourhood reacts to the regime's relation with Russia. Poland being one of the NATO members has been strenthening troops on its borders with Belarus, but that could be interpreted by Belarus President and his alliance with Russia in the content of western Europes' effort to contain Russia's sphere of influence.
Coup in Mali: Plunging further into chaos
What happened?
On 19 August 2020, President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita announced his resignation, three years before his final term was due to end. It was reported that the soldiers detained him at gunpoint along with Prime Minister Boubou Cissé who was taken to a military camp near the capital Bamako. In a televised address he stated that he was also dissolving the government and the Parliament, adding: "I want no blood to be spilled to keep me in power."
Later, the soldiers behind the coup, calling themselves the National Committee for the Salvation of the People pledged on state television to stabilize the country and oversee a transition to elections within a "reasonable" period. Although the coup attracted global condemnation, the news of Keita's resignation was received with celebration with anti-government demonstrators extending their support to the military.
What is the background?
First, the political crisis in Mali. Political tensions have been brewing ever since the re-election of Keita in 2018. In March 2020, there were renewed tensions, after a dispute over the results of a parliamentary election, where Mali's constitutional court overturned the results of 30 seats, a move that was advantageous for ten candidates in President Keita's party. In June, the opposition, under the "5 June Movement" (M5-RFP) which is made up of religious leaders, politicians and civil society members, took to the streets demanding the resignation of Keita, accusing him of allowing the country's economy to collapse and mishandling of the already worse security situation especially the deadly violence associated with Islamic extremists and ethnic separatists. Due to this turmoil, the regional bloc, Economic Community of West African States (Ecowas) called for the creation of a "consensus government of national unity"; however, this was followed by massive protests from the Opposition.
Second, the anger against the President was not limited to civilians. The military had its own grievances which included lack of salary payment and complaints about the government indifference about soldier deaths. The inability of the government to resolve the crisis is likely to have pushed the military into action.
Third, Mali is no stranger to political unrest. The 2020 coup comes eight years after Mali's last coup in 2012 which saw Malian soldiers overthrow the then-president Amadou Toumani Toure after they revolted in the camp to protest against the government's inability to manage the rebel groups in the north and over elite corruption.
What does it mean?
A coup once again has resulted in destabilization of Mali, leaving the country's Presidency, and stability in a mess. As uncertainty looms large, with no clear agenda or solution, Mali will only be pushed further into chaos. The absence of a strong leader with a popular appeal could also have devastating consequences not only for stability in the country but for the wider region. Further, whether the military can be trusted to keep up to its claims remains a question to be answered.
As the insurgency in northern Mali has spread into the country's central regions and into Niger and Burkina Faso, which has become the epicentre of violence. There are major doubts about what happens now with the counter-insurgency efforts by international players such as France and the US in the region.
Most countries in North Africa face challenges due to the unstable status of democracy, economic inequality and religious and ethnic insurgency which persist across the region. Further, the region has a long history of strongmen who have spent decades in power. Some are still in power; it is the fight against these strongmen that often leads these coup attempts plunging the country into chaos.
Greenland: The ice sheet melts at a record rate
What happened?
According to a recent study, based on satellite data, the Greenland ice sheet melted at a record rate in 2019. The study shows that it melted the most in 2019, greater than any year previously recorded. The research also reveals that between 2003 and 2016, the ice sheet lost 255 billion tons of ice on an average annually, while 532 billion tons were lost in 2019 alone.
What is the background?
First, the concerns about the 'great Arctic melt'. Climate change debates across the world unwaveringly address the developments in the Arctic. Studies have shown that only two per cent of the Arctic's old and thick ice remains, and is being replaced by new and more fragile ice cover.
Second, the changing weather patterns and unpredictability. 2012 was one of the warmest years on record, and a similar pattern continued. However, 2017 and 2018 were colder years with abnormally cold temperatures during summers and stronger winters. 2019 was again unusually warm with recording-breaking temperatures in the Arctic. Scientists attribute this to the "blocking patterns" of weather that was responsible for warm air circulation over Greenland for longer periods. This also means that the winter was warmer and witnessed less snowfall and ice accumulation.
Third, the larger picture of Climate change as a global phenomenon. No event related to climate change can be viewed in isolation from the other. Unusually warm and dry summers across the globe, floods in India, Bangladesh and China, wildfires in the US and near-ice free Arctic, are minuscule pictures of the larger catastrophe in the making.
Fourth, the gap between awareness and action. There have been extensive studies on climate change and the dangers it is posing. Yet, there is a gap between awareness and the actions being taken to address the issue, both at the national and international levels. Countries and leaders either deny the existence of climate change or are unwilling to walk the talk even though they recognize the gravity of the problem. There are no serious international collaborations on climate change that have the backing of all the major powers together. The existing international mechanisms fail to make countries accountable for their actions. While protests by civil society do matter, not many changes can be expected at the governance level.
What does it mean?
First, reaching a point of no return. Until 2000, the ice sheet accumulated nearly the same amount of ice that it shed. But, in the past two decades, the rate of accumulation has been remarkably low. Greenland's ice sheet may now have reached a point from where the melt is irreversible. It implies that the ice sheet will continue to contract even if the average temperature of the planet does not increase, which is far from reality.
Second, the rise of sea level. The Greenland ice sheet holds the second-largest amount of ice, after Antarctica, therefore crucial for maintaining the sea level. In 2019, this was the single biggest cause for the rise in sea level, about 1.5 metres. If the sheet melts completely, the sea level will rise by seven metres, capable of subsuming island countries and major coastal cities. It has an impact on how we look at the borders, habitations, biodiversity and economy.
South Asia This Week
by Rashmi Ramesh & Abigail Miriam Fernandez
India and Bangladesh: Foreign Secretary's visit to Dhaka
Indian Foreign Secretary Harsh Vardhan Shringla visited Dhaka and held talks with his counterpart and also with the Prime Minsiter. COVID-19, border killings and infrastructural development were the focus of the talks. According to a media report, India and Bangladesh "discussed a two-year road map for bilateral ties."
India will supply vaccines for COVID-19 to Bangladesh on a priority basis. The two sides agreed to mutually address the issue of border killings that have increased recently. With regards to the infrastructural projects, India's MEA announced that a monitoring mechanism would be set up, to look into the joint projects being carried out by both countries. The mechanism will monitor the completion of rail links between Akhaura-Agartala, Khulna-Mongla, and Chilahati-Haldibari; Rampal Maitree Power Plant; and India-Bangladesh Friendship Pipeline.
Sri Lanka: Towards a new Constitution
President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, while addressing the inaugural session of the ninth Parliament announced that Sri Lanka would get a new constitution in the coming days. The constitution will be formulated on the principle of "one country, one law for all the people". The President said that repealing the 19th Amendment introduced by the previous government is the first step towards this. It curtailed Presidential powers, limited the Presidential terms for two times and gave more powers to independent agencies. The Rajapaksas who viewed this Amendment as an impediment to them coming to power, will now strengthen their iron grip over the Sri Lankan political scene.
India and Nepal: Talks over bilateral projects
Officials of the India-Nepal Oversight Mechanism held a virtual meeting over the progress and implementation of the bilateral projects. This was the first meeting since the border row between the two escalated. The focus of the meet was on Indian-funded projects, cross-border railway lines, and economic and development cooperation schemes. Nepal has proposed a meeting of the Boundary Working Group in September, with an aim to discuss technical issues and reduce the tension with regards to the border dispute.
Kanak Mani Dixit, a renowned scholar, opined that the border issue must be addressed before it trickles down to societal and economic aspects; and regardless of the possession, he has suggested Limpiudhara to be declared as a "zone of peace".
India and China: Talks over disengagement at LAC
The Working Mechanism for Consultation and Coordination on India-China Border Affairs (WMCC) met for the fourth time since the escalation of tensions between the two countries at the LAC. The talks aimed at breaking the impasse and facilitating the continuation of the dialogue at the military level. The disengagement process has been stalled for over a month, after making a slight progress in the first phase. China has not accepted India's demand for a return to the pre-May 2020 positions along the LAC.
Pakistan: Not to recognize Israel unless Palestinians are given their due, says PM Imran Khan
On 18 August 2020, Prime Minister Imran Khan made a strong statement on Israel and Palestinem in the context of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) establishing ties with Israel: "Whatever any country does, our position is very clear. And our position was made clear by [Pakistan's founder] Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah ... in 1948: that we cannot ever accept Israel as long as Palestinians are not given their rights and there is no just settlement," adding "My conscience will never allow me to accept Israel, which is responsible for so many atrocities against the Palestinian people." Palestine in response thanked him for his "strong response" on Israel and appreciated the government for extending support to the Palestinian cause.
COAS Bajwa meets his Saudi counterpart in Riyadh
On 17 August 2020, Chief of Army Staff General Qamar Javed Bajwa along with Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) Director General Lt Gen Faiz Hameed arrived in Saudi Arabia at the Pakistan embassy in Riyadh on an official visit. During their meeting with the Saudi leadership, they discussed prospects of military-to-military ties, including military cooperation and ways to boost it as well as other topics of common interest. Further, this meet took place amid a diplomatic spat that has threatened Riyadh's financial lifeline to the country and recent statement by Pakistan's Foreign Minister demanding Riyadh show leadership in the OIC, especially concerning the Kashmir issue.
Pakistan: Foreign minister visits China; both countries agree to safeguard common interests
On 21 August 2020, Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi met with his Chinese counterpart in the Chinese province of Hainan to hold the second round of the China-Pakistan Foreign Ministers' Strategic Dialogue. Both agreed to reach a consensus to collectively take measures to safeguard their common interests and promote peace, prosperity, commitment for enhancing mutual strategic trust, strengthening cooperation, maintaining the momentum of high-level exchanges, further advancing the construction of the Belt and Road Initiative, promoting bilateral relationship to a higher level, and delivering greater benefits to both countries and the two peoples.
Pakistan: The PTI completes two years
On 18 August 2020, Pakistan's Tehreek-e-Insaf (PTI) government led by Prime Minister Imran Khan presented its two-year performance report, reviewing its various achievements from different sectors including governance, economy and diplomatic affairs. The Federal Minister for Planning and Development, Asad Umar summed up the progress stating how the PTI government "stabilized economy after inheriting the worst external crises, faced down Indian threat after Balakot with courage" and managed the biggest global COVID threat by "successfully balancing lives and livelihoods." However, the PML-N and PPP criticized the government's performance with PML-N chief and Leader of the Opposition in the National Assembly Shehbaz Sharif terming it an "unmitigated disaster."
East Asia This Week
by D. Suba Chandran & Harini Madhusudan
Myanmar: Fourth Session of the Peace Conference comes to an end
On 21 August, Myanmar successfully concluded the fourth session of its Peace Conference; members from the military, government and ethnic armed organizations took part in the session. There was an expectation that the fourth session would provide a breakthrough. There was an internal frustration regarding the progress of the peace process since the "Nationwide Ceasefire Agreement" that was signed in 2015 between the government, and the ethnic armed organizations hit a roadblock in 2018. According to the Irrawaddy, the fourth session concluded with the members "agreeing on principles and a plan to move the country's stalled peace process forward under a new government beyond 2020." It also quoted Aung San Suu Kyi commenting: "a new plan for building a democratic federal union beyond 2020."
Thailand: The Three-Fingered Salute continues
The protests led by the students in Thailand continues; this week, they protested in front of the Ministry of Education in Bangkok. Much to the dismay of the Education minister, he was heckled and not allowed to talk, when he appeared in front of them. Since July 2020, the current round protests led by the students have intensified demanding elections, and reforms to the Monarchy and the constitution. The government continued its efforts to silence the protestors; on 20 August, it detained some key figures, including a member of "Rap Against Dictatorship" and a lawyer. They have been charged with sedition.
China: The US suspends the Extradition Treaty with Hong Kong
The US State Department suspended the extradition treaty with Hong Kong. This move comes after the US has imposed sanctions on political leaders and Carrie Lam, ended preferential economic treatment and targeted Hong Kong journalists based in the US with visa delays in the past month. Hong Kong hit back at the US by issuing a reprimand for taking a unilateral decision in withdrawing from the treaty and stated that the US action could be seen as an attempt of the US to try and use Hong Kong as a pawn in the troubled US-China relations.
China: Multiple floods devastate the Yangtze Basin
Floods in the southern parts of China have caused the water from Yangtze River to rise and hit the Three Gorges dam. The authorities have chosen to open several outlets of the dam to discharge the water, making it the largest release since its construction. Between June and early August, over 30 billion cubic metres of floodwater was intercepted by dams and reservoirs on the Yangtze. Millions of people are affected by the floods in China which have killed hundreds of people, led to mass evacuations, submerged roads and laid high economic costs on the Chinese economy.
North Korea: Kim Jong Un delegates power to sister Kim Yo Jong
An announcement on the power-sharing arrangement was made during the week where Kim Yo Jong has now been appointed to deal on the relations with the US and South Korea and report back to her brother. The reports suggest that the explosion at the Inter-Korean liaison office in June might have been under her authority. The handing over of power comes at a crucial time when floods, the coronavirus and the international sanctions have laid a strain on the country's economy.
South Korea: Religious centre at the centre of an increase in infections.
The latest figures on the COVID from South Korea point to the neighbourhood around the Sarang Jaeil Church. Twenty per cent of the traced 3,400 members of the church have tested positive with many other members missing. It is believed that the spread of the virus could be due to the mass anti-government rally arranged by the church's leadership to mark 75 years of Korean Liberation on 15 August 2020. The rise in cases has led to a ban on worship and entry into the church and its vicinity. 1,900 new cases were recorded in South Korea in the past week while the ministry continues to track down hundreds more.
The Middle East and Africa This Week
by Vibhav Kandlur
Sudan: The U-turn in formalizing ties with Israel
Sudan's foreign ministry spokesman Haidar Badawi was dismissed from his position after he made unauthorized statements on the government normalizing ties with Israel. "There is no reason to continue hostility between Sudan and Israel," Badawi was quoted as saying and added that there were communications in place. These developments come in a week after UAE and Israel formalized their ties. In February, Sudan's military general Lt Gen Abdel al-Burhan had secretly met Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu in Uganda raising speculations of a thaw in the relations. The decision being backtracked could be a result of disapproval from the civilian wing of the transitional government led by Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok. The secret meeting between al-Burhan of the military wing and Netanyahu was welcomed in the Sudanese social media, and there were no protests reported. Overall, it shows that there are differences within the transitional government over sensitive issues.
Iran: The US' push to punish Tehran finds resistance in the UNSC
The United States found resistance from the UNSC, including its closest allies, France and the United Kingdom after the Trump administration sought to extend the arms embargo against Iran. Barring one, the rest either rejected or abstained from voting against Iran. The European Union had particularly abstained on the ground that the US had unilaterally withdrawn from the JCPOA in May 2018 and as a result, cannot impose "snapback" sanctions. The EU was earlier unhappy with the US plan in the Middle East over the idea of a "Muslim NATO", a military alliance between the Arab states. Russia and China had vetoed against the decision in full support extended to Iran. These developments indicate that the Trump administration miscalculated on possible support being received from allied states like the European Union. The resistance can also be a result of an emerging new order in the Middle East with a thaw expected between Israel and the GCC nations.
The UAE: Possible sale of F-35 fighters invites mixed responses
The UAE has stated that the hurdles to purchase the F-35 lightning from the US have been removed following an agreement with Israel. But a sale of the advanced stealth fighters to an Arab state would require a deeper review because of the American policy for Israel. The move has been controversial as it has created some confusion among agencies and Congressional committees over President Trump's senior advisor, Jared Kushner's secret push to sell the aircraft to the Gulf country. Trump has also said that a potential sale was "under review" while addressing the press conference and added that the UAE has enough funds to purchase these aircraft. These developments have, however, raised concerns in Israel as it maintains a qualitative military edge over the Arab countries. Although the UAE had not openly stated about the intentions of purchasing the F-35, it has been widely speculated that the aircraft could give it a potential edge to counter Iran's threats.
Europe and the Americas This Week
by D. Suba Chandran
External Threat to Belarus: The NATO rejects the claims of the Belarusian President
Alexander Lukashenko, the President of Belarus, has accused the "foreign powers" referring to the NATO for building troops along the borders of Belarus. In particular, he has accused Poland and Lithuania of building troops, and also recently visited the border near Poland. The NATO, according to the BBC, has denied the statements and said: "no threat to Belarus or any other country and has no military build-up in the region. Our posture is strictly defensive."
Alexei Navalny, a Putin critic in Russia, who is feared to be poisoned, now reaches Berlin
A strong and open critic of the Russian President Putin, Alexei Navalny has been in a coma and is believed by his supporters to be poisoned. Early this week, he was returning to Moscow from Tomsk, a town in Siberia, and is believed to be poisoned in the airport while having tea. The flight had to make an emergency landing at Omsk, another town in Siberia, where he was getting treated. The hospital officials did not allow Navlany's doctor to attend to him. Initially, they stated that he was weak to be shifted when a German foundation sent a medical evacuation flight to bring him to Berlin. Finally, on Saturday morning, Navalny is brought to Berlin.
Voting by Mail: The US House takes action, with passing a Bill for USD 25 billion to augment the US Postal Service
On 23 August, the US House passed a bill with 257-150 majority to provide additional funding to the US Postal Services, so that there is no delay in voting by mail for the forthcoming Presidential Elections. The Democrats are afraid that the Trump administration is purposefully slowing down the vote by mail process; the latest removal of mailboxes and the decommissioning of mail sorting equipment are a part of a conspiracy. They also fear that the recently appointed Postmaster General - Louis DeJoy, is a donor to the Trump campaign and will go slow. Trump has already made his position clear on the issue – vote by mail; he is not in favour.
Tik Tok plans to file a lawsuit against Trump's Executive Order
One of the leading Chinese social media applications – Tik Tok, along with WeChat was banned in the US, by an Executive Order issued by President Trump in early August. The order was to take place within 45 days in those areas that are subject to the US jurisdiction. For the Trump administration, the Tik Tok and a few other Chinese social media applications pose an economic and security threat to the US. For Tik Tok, the US administration did not follow the due process in issuing the Executive Order. On 22 August, the Tik Tok has said that it would file a lawsuit challenging the Presidential Order issued on 6 August.
Sparked by 12,000 bolts of lightning, the wildfires return to California, to ravage in north and south
This week, there were multiple clusters of wildfires in the State of California, mainly north of San Francisco and in the east of San Jose. Ignited by a series of lightning, the wildfires are now reported to be raging across 300,000 acres of land. According to a WSJ report, "more than 13,700 firefighters drawn from state, local and federal agencies are battling the blazes, which have caused at least five deaths and forced more than 115,000 people to evacuate their homes."
About the Authors
Dr Vivek Mishra is a Research Fellow at the ICWA, New Delhi. Harini Madhusudan and Rashmi BR are PhD Scholars at NIAS, Sourina Bej and Abigail Miriam Fernandez are Project Associate and Research Assistant respectively, and Vibhav Kandlur is a Research Intern at NIAS. D. Suba Chandran is a Dean at NIAS and the Editor of TWTW.
NIAS Global Politics Team
Nithin V
Sreemaya Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Akshath Kaimal
Yesasvi Koganti
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Priyanka Makhijani
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Akshath Kaimal
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Adwaith Sankar
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Sreemaya Nair
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Arafaath Rahby
Athar Zafar
Adwaith Sankar
NIAS Global Politics Team
Urja R Kudalkar
Akshath Kaimal
Lekshmi MK
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Adwaith Sankar
Lakshmi Karlekar
Teshu Singh
Dattesh D Parulekar
Dhivya KM
Acsah H
Adwaith Sankar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Dhivya KM
Nithin V
Acsah H
Yesasvi Koganti
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Aarav Bhaskar
Dhivya KM
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Urja R Kudalkar
Manikranth Chakravarthula
Lekshmi MK
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
NIAS Global Politics Team
Priyanka Makhijani
Adwaith Sankar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Global Politics Team
Akshath Kaimal
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Brighty Ann Sarah
Special Issue
Akshath Kaimal
NIAS Global Politics Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Mahesh Bhatta
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Aparna A Nair
Lekshmi MK
Dhivya KM
Adwaith Sankar
Avaneesh S
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Avaneesh S
NIAS Global Politics Team
Yesasvi Koganti
Anwesha Ghosh
Adarsh Vijay
Ramya B
Himani Pant
Anand V
NIAS Global Politics Team
Radhika M Agarwal
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Aparna A Nair
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Global Politics Team
Akshath Kaimal
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab YousufÂ
Glynnis Winona B
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Nithin V
Siddhi Halyur
NIAS Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
NIAS Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Aparna A Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Akshath Kaimal
Radhika M Agarwal
Deb Dutta
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Nithin V
NIAS Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Ada Khan
NIAS Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Anu Maria Joseph
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Kirsten Wilfred Coelho
Sreemaya Nair
Kirsten Wilfred Coelho
Santhosh Guru PR
Rakshitha B
Glynnis Winona B
NIAS Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Brighty Ann Sarah
Global Politics Team
Nithin V
Siddhi Halyur
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Glynnis Winona B
NIAS IPRI
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Jenin Raj S
Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Mahesh Bhatta
Nithin V
Anu Maria Joseph
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Global Politics Team
NIAS Global Politics Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
Lakshmi Venugopal Menon
Anwesha Ghosh
Ramya B
Himani Pant
S Shaji
Nanda Kishor M S
Adarsh Vijay
Nishchal N Pandey & Mahesh Raj Bhatta
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Ashik J Bonofer
Haans J Freddy
Amrita Jash
Anand V
Shreya Upadhyay
TWTW Special Edition
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Aparna A Nair
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Rohini Reenum
Mahesh Bhatta
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Siddhi Halyur
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Jayasree
Rebecca Ann Oommen
Manik Dhawan
Santhosh Guru PR
Lekshmi MK
Femy Francis
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Rohini Reenum
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Mahesh Bhatta
Sreemaya Nair
Global Politics Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Akshath Kaimal
Yesasvi Koganti
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Abhimanyu Solanki
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Brighty Ann Sarah
Lekshmi MK
Yesasvi Koganti
Lekshmi MK
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Aparna A Nair
Lekshmi MK
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Lekshmi MK
Femy Francis
Yesasvi Koganti
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
Nishchal Nath Pandey
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Preetha Renganarayanan
Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Brighty Ann Sarah
IPRI Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Aparna A Nair
Sunidhi Sampige
Lekshmi MK
Lekshmi MK
Akriti Sharma
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Merin Treesa Alex
Preetha Renganarayanan
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Swati Sood
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Lekshmi MK
Emma Rose Boby
Abhimanyu Solanki
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Emma Rose
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Femy Francis
Mahesh Batt
Femy Francis
Rizwana S Banu
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
IPRI Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Harendra
NIAS Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Akriti Sharma
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
R Preetha
Akriti Sharma
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akriti Sharma
Femy Francis
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Brighty Ann Sarah and Preetha R
Anu Maria Joseph
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Neha Tresa George
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Rizwana S Banu
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
R Preetha
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Avishka Ashok
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Mahesh Batta
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Femy Francis
Femy FrancisÂ
R Preetha
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Naomi Miriam MathewÂ
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair and M Kejia
Anu Maria Joseph
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha
Merin Treesa Alex
Kasvi Batra
Chittrothu Vaihali
IPRI Team
Emma Rose Boby
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Merin Treesa Alex
Santhiya M
GP Team
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia
IPRI Team
Kumari Gargi, Naomi Miriam Matthew, & Fleur Elizabeth PhilipÂ
Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
J Yamini
Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
GP Team
R Preetha
Ananya Dinesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Emma Rose Boby
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Merin Treesa Alex
Aparna A Nair
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
GP Team
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Aashish Ganeshan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Femy Francis
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah
R Preetha
Nuha Aamina
Emma Rose Boby
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Aashiyana Adhikari
GP Team
Shailesh Nayak
Lakshmi V Menon
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Sourina Bej
Rashmi Ramesh
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
D. Suba Chandran
Parikshith Pradeep
Nidhi Dalal
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
Lakshmi V Menon
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Raakhavee Ramesh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Sourina Bej
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Harini Madhusudan
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
Sourina Bej
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudhan
Druta Bhatt
Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
Divyabharathi E
Oishee Majumdar
D. Suba Chandran
Sourina Bej
Gayan Gowramma KC
Druta Bhatt
Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Hely Desai
Manushi Kapadia
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Divyabharathi E
Miti Shah
Hely Desai
Druta Bhatt
Manushi Kapadia
Miti Shah
Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lakshmi V Menon
Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E