|
GP Team
4 October 2020 |
The World This Week # 87, 04 October 2020, Vol 2, No 40
Vivek Mishra, Shreya Sinha, Sourina Bej
The US: The First Presidential Debate
What happened?
On 29 September, President Trump and Democratic Party nominee Joe Biden had a heated exchange on the first of three Presidential Debates in Cleveland, Ohio where they squared off on several topics. The debate touched upon various issues which are igniting the Presidential race including the vacant Supreme Court seat, COVID-19, the ongoing protests against racial inequality, healthcare, climate change and mail-in ballots. This was the first of three debates scheduled ahead of the US elections on 3 November 2020. The debate was chaotic and was criticized world over. The moderator of the debate - Chris Wallace of the Fox News was seen struggling to control the debate which was largely filled by interruptions from President Trump. Joe Biden has asked the Commission on Presidential Debates to find a way to control the number of interruptions at future debates, and said the way Trump conducted himself at the debate was a "national embarrassment".
The most noticeable and discussed line coming out of the debate has been Joe Biden's rather frustrating retort to Trump's constant hectoring and interruptions, "Will you shut up, man?". An estimated 73 million viewers followed the first Presidential debate.
What is the background?
First, the US Presidential debates are a series of three moderated debates that follow the party conventions of the two political parties contesting US elections, where they declare their party's Presidential nominee. The debate is organized by the Commission on Presidential Debates, which sponsors televised debates for the benefit of the American electorate. The Commission on Presidential Debates (CPD) is a nonprofit corporation established in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Democratic and Republican political parties in the United States. The CPD sponsors and produces debates for U.S. presidential and vice-presidential candidates.
Second, the debates between the two running Presidential mates provides a good opportunity for the electorate to assess various factors which are decisive in the election as well as each candidate's record or political stand on those issues. In total, the CPD will sponsor four debates, three between the Presidential candidates Donald Trump and Joe Biden and one debate between Vice Presidential candidates, Mike Pence and Kamala Harris.
What does it mean?
The United States Commission on Presidential Debates has said it would make changes to the debate format after the first debate proved to be chaotic and full of interruptions. This has given rise to a debate within the United States Commission on Presidential Debates on the possible move to gag candidates. The Republican Party has criticized the prospective move, even as Trump has claimed to have won the first debate. However, Biden has been ahead of Trump in most national polls since the start of the year and is currently leading in major battleground states, including Michigan, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin, where the Republicans won in 2016.
The next Presidential debate is expected to take place on 15 October in Miami, followed by 22 October 2020. The next debate is a town hall format where real voters are going to have the chance to engage the candidate. Besides, the Vice Presidential debate between Vice President Mike Pence and Senator Kamala Harris will be held on 7 October 2020. However, uncertainties remain after the President tested positive for the Coronavirus.
France: New bill to prevent Islamic Separatism
What happened?
On 2 October 2020, President Emmanuel Macron introduced a bill to defend France's secular values against what he called Islamic separatism, with the view that the religion is under threat from across the globe. He proclaims that the bill intends to free Islam from any foreign influences in order to rein in the influence of radical Islam in the country and help develop what he called an 'Islam of France' compatible with the nation's republican values.
In a long-awaited speech on the subject, President Macron also said that the negative influence of Islamism must be eradicated from all public institutions, in a drive to push religion out of the public education and employment sector in France. The measures also include placing stringent limits on home-schooling and increasing the scrutiny of religious schools and at the same time, making all organizations that solicit public funds sign a 'Charter of Secularism'. While these measures would apply to all communities, they are intended to counter the extremist elements from those who identify themselves as Muslims. He further stated that these measures were important in the context of improving the ability of the French citizens to live together, while eradicating the ill-effects of Islamism, amid the fears of terrorist attacks the country has faced in the recent years.
What is the background?
First, the position of Islam and Muslims, as a religious community, within the French system is centrally conditioned by the French concept of secularism called the 'laÑ—cité'. This was determined in the law of 9 December 1905 concerning the separation of church and state. It rejects any references to national, racial, ethnic, religious or linguistic minorities. This model is based on the idea that the state should interact only with the individual and not communities or groups, in order to give equal treatment to everyone. "Absolute equality" is seen as the best way to ensure the integration of all citizens, to the benefit of both the state and the citizens themselves.
Second, the French model of identity with its rich cultural heritage and languages was not designed in a way to integrate a diverse range of groups in contemporary France. Instead, it serves to make the minorities and the difficulties they face in French society, invisible. As a result, French authorities have rejected any form of targeted measures for ethnic, religious or linguistic groups. In practice, this has rendered minorities invisible and brought systemic forms of discrimination. The French government intends to present a bill in December 2020 to strengthen this law of 1905, asserting that secularism is the cement of a United France, but indirectly targeting the Muslim minorities residing in France.
What does it mean?
Although the law permits people to belong to any faith of their choosing, it would prohibit the outward displays of religious affiliation in public affairs and places of education, in addition to the already banned practice of wearing a hijab. This has created a serious backlash among the Muslim activists as they believe that Macron's views come across as emboldening the far-right, anti-Muslim leftists and threatening the lives of Muslim students by calling for drastic limits on homeschooling despite a global pandemic.
While France is re-evaluating its relationship with its Muslim minority, the largest in Europe, the members of the Muslim community have consistently denounced these acts, describing them as going against the precepts of their religion. A wide majority of Muslims believe that such a law would take away their right to normality and practising their faith without pressure. Macron's speech addresses a deep-rooted problem of the French society: its enduring difficulty to integrate the minority communities at large, particularly the Muslim population of immigrants and their descendants. This is likely to further contribute to the existing inequalities and discrimination among the French public, also leading to radicalization and sociological as well as ideological depreciation at the extreme.
Turkey: New EU sanctions threat will do little, as Erdogan is on an offensive
What happened?
On 3 October, the EU issued a threat that it could impose sanctions on Turkey over "provocations and pressures" in a row with Greece over energy resources and maritime borders. The European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen called on Ankara to "abstain from unilateral actions" in the eastern Mediterranean and said that the bloc wanted "a positive and constructive relationship with Turkey and its relation will work only if the provocations and pressures stop."
The statement by the EU comes at a time when Turkey has not only been militarily engaged in the East Mediterranean Sea, into an area south of the Greek island of Kastellorizo, but also in the Caucasian region as a proxy in the ethnoreligious conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Turkey's assertive role in its neighbourhood has been increasing with President Recep Erdogan at its helm of power.
What is the background?
First, a militarily assertive Turkey. Turkey has increased its military footprint from Libya to Azerbaijan. Its relation with the US is already troubled by the US support for Syrian Kurds, the Turkish military backing the Libyan government in Tripoli, Ankara's tensions with Greece and its acquisition of Russia's S-400 anti-missile defence system. President Erdogan's ambitions are driven by his desire to expand Turkish influence across large parts of the globe. His focus on Africa to Eastern Europe began before he even became president.
Second, the Blue Homeland doctrine and Turkey's maritime ambitions. Turkey's recent engagement in the East Mediterranean is as part of its "Blue Homeland" (Mavi Vatan) doctrine, which stipulates that the country's security lies under the seabed of the Mediterranean. Turkey's Blue Homeland supports its search for gas reserves across a swath of the Mediterranean and has seen warships head to the region this week. This doctrine, championed by Erdogan, challenges Greek and Cypriot maritime claims and looks to expand Turkey's maritime adventurism in the form of energy excavations in the narrow strips of Aegean and Mediterranean coastal waters.
Third, winning the diplomatic and cultural heart of the Muslim World. The recent Abraham Accords and the Palestinian issue has become the immediate ground for Turkey to step in support for the cause when the rest of the countries in the region have diluted the issue. Turkish President did not miss a beat during his address to the United Nations General Assembly, insisting that he, unlike the United Arab Emirates and Bahrain, would not accept a solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict that is not endorsed by the Palestinians.
Fourth, Erdogan's revivalist Ottoman dream. Erdogan has controlled Turkey for 17 years, first as Prime Minister and second as a President. Erdogan has taken the country in the autocratic path with a calculated military rule of control. Even in its TV series, Ertugrul, Erdogan's "New Turkey" approach has been advocated. This 'New Turkey' replaces Mustafa Kemal Ataturk's secularism with an Islamist and nationalist agenda, that is quite evident from the domestic policies like conversion of Byzantine Christian Hagia Sophia church to a mosque. Turkey is increasingly looking eastward, away from its NATO, to its old sphere of influence during the Ottoman Empire and Erdogan's policies have facilitated such stance.
What does it mean?
Today's assertive Turkey is breaking away from the given peripheral identity and becoming more than just a geographical transit between the EU, Russia and the Middle East. An assertive Turkey would mean that it fills the leadership vacuum regionally and globally. But at the same time, Erdogan's foreign policy has a domestic sanctity where many views his strongman politics as a step towards restoring the glorious history of the Ottoman empire. Turkey has become more than the sick man of Europe, and through asserting politically and diplomatically, EU's sanctions will do little to offset the strategic ambitions Turkey has come to achieve.
Also in the News...
by Rashmi Ramesh and Harini Madhusudan
East Asia and South-East Asia This Week
Hong Kong: Protesters arrested to stop crowds from gathering
On 1 October, one year since the brutal clash with the police in Hong Kong and the 71 China's National Day, the police refused to permit a march, conducted stop-and-search operations along the expected routes, and arrested more than 50 people in Hong Kong. Carrie Lam, at an official National Day ceremony amid tight security, said: "Over the past few months, an indisputable fact in front of everyone is that our society has returned to peace."
China: Domestic spending during eight-day national holiday
1 October, marks the start to the Golden Week in China. This year, due to restriction on travel, millions of Chinese are expected to spend this week within the country. The eight-day holiday coincides with the Mid-Autumn Festival would be a litmus test for whether the Chinese economy, specifically the tourism industry. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism said that tourism revenue totalled $11.3 billion on the first day, close to 70 per cent of last year's.
Australia and New Zealand: To partially open their borders
On 2 October, Australia and New Zealand announced a partial opening of borders to allow travel between the two countries. Passengers will be able to fly to the Australian cities of Sydney and Darwin without going into quarantine from Oct. 16 if they have spent at least two weeks in parts of New Zealand that are not considered to be a COVID-19 hot spot, and New Zealand will continue to insist on travellers from Australia going into hotel quarantine for two weeks after arrival.
Thailand: Confiscated plaque becomes a symbol of protests
A brass plaque proclaiming Thailand belongs to the people and not the King that was swiftly removed by the authorities has rapidly become the symbol of the pro-democracy protest movement. The reproductions of the plaque, featuring the three-finger salute used by Thai anti-junta activists since a 2014 coup, is seen everywhere from t-shirts to key rings to tattoos. The plaque reads: "...this country belongs to the people and is not the property of the monarch as they have deceived us."
Malaysia: The US bans palm oil imports from FGV
On 30 September, following a probe into forced labour allegations, the US customs and Border Protection Agency has banned imports of palm oil from Malaysian company FGV Holdings. FGV, one of the world's largest crude palm oil producers, and some other suppliers of the oil used in everything from food and cosmetics to biodiesel have long faced allegations from rights groups over labour and human rights abuses. FGV in its response aid: "it is fully committed to respecting human rights and to upholding labour standards."
The Philippines: Duterte warns Facebook for taking down accounts
On 28 September, after taking down a fake network linked to the country's police and military, President Duterte said: "You cannot lay down a policy for my government. I allow you to operate here. You cannot bar or prevent me from espousing the objectives of the government." These networks are known to be a part of the government's propaganda campaign that included fake accounts used to evade enforcement, post content and manage pages, which were proven to have links with the military and the police of the Philippines.
South Asia This Week
India: Amnesty International closes its office
On 29 September, the Amnesty International closed its operations in India, following the government freezing its bank accounts, bringing its operations to a grounding halt. The Amnesty International has accused the government of scuffling its voice for raising concerns over Kashmir, treatment of minorities and the Citizenship Amendment Act. New Delhi issued a statement explaining the need for NGOs to adhere to laws of the host country, particularly with respect to foreign funding and their sources. However, the decision has been criticized by the human rights organizations across the world, the European Union, the US Congress, and the United Kingdom.
India: Naval exercise with Japan in the Arabian Sea
During 27-29 September, the two Navies of India and Japan participated in the fourth edition of the naval exercise - JIMEX-20. The primary focus of the exercise was ensuring a high degree of interoperability and joint operational skills through "multi-faceted tactical exercises involving weapon firings, cross-deck helicopter operations and complex surface, anti-submarine and air warfare drills." JIMEX-20 is the first naval exercise after both countries signed a mutual logistics support agreement in early September.
India: COVID-19 death toll crosses 100,000 mark
On 2 October, India crossed the one lakh mark in terms of fatalities due to COVID-19. The United States and Brazil are the two other countries that had witnessed a hundred thousand deaths. Deaths have been on the rise at a faster pace, though case fatality rate (CFR) stands at 1.52 per cent. Within the country, Maharashtra alone accounts for 40 per cent of fatalities, followed by Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh.
Pakistan: Abdullah Abdullah's visit
During 28-30 September, the Chairman of the High Council for National Reconciliation of Afghanistan, Abdullah Abdullah visited Pakistan. The HCNR delegation held meetings with Pakistan President Arif Alvi, PM Imran Khan, Foreign Minister Shah Mehmood Qureshi and Army Chief General Bajwa. The discussions focused on the Afghanistan peace process, Iran's role in it and bilateral relations of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Pakistan: The Foreign Office refutes claims of its troops fighting for Azerbaijan
On 2 October, the Foreign Office responded and refuted claims of Pakistan's Army fighting alongside Azerbaijan against Armenia over the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. It expressed concerns over the conflict, calling out Armenia's 'offensive' particularly targeting the civilians, and hoped for peace to prevail. Pakistan supports Azerbaijan's position on Nagorno-Karabakh.
The Middle East and Africa This Week
Mali: New interim Prime Minister appointed
On 27 September, Moctor Ouane, the former foreign minister was appointed as the interim Prime Minister of Mali. This move is likely to trigger a reduction or softening of sanctions that were imposed by the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS). The economy of Mali has been suffering massively since the ECOWAS sanctions reduced the imports by 30 per cent. The primary charge of the interim PM will be overseeing an 18-month transition to the civilian administration.
Algeria: Visit by US Secretary of Defence
On 1 October, Mark Esper, Pentagon Chief, visited Algeria. He is the first Defence Secretary to visit the country in 15 years, at a time when Algeria is attempting to mediate conflicts in Libya and Mali. A senior US military official said that the visit hopes to "deepen cooperation with Algeria on key regional security issues, such as the threat posed by extremist groups."
Europe and the Americas This Week
Nagorno-Karabakh: Armenia calls for a ceasefire, and ready for talks
On 2 October, Armenia stated that it was ready to engage with the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) to re-establish a ceasefire in Nagorno-Karabakh. Armenia said it was ready to engage with France, Russia, and the United States "to re-establish a ceasefire regime." The statement comes a day after the three countries called for an immediate ceasefire in Karabakh. The fierce fighting in the disputed region had been going on since last Sunday. According to reports, nearly 200 have been killed, including more than 30 civilians.
Nagorno-Karabakh: Erdogan announces unconditional support for Azerbaijan
On 2 October, Turkey's President Recep Tayyip Erdogan reiterated Turkey's support for Azerbaijan, with which it shares ethnic and cultural ties. He said: "As Turkey, with all our means and with all our heart, we stand with fellow and brother Azerbaijan and we will continue to stand with it...God willing, until Nagorno-Karabakh is liberated from invasion, this struggle will continue." The statement comes a day after President Macron criticized Turkey for deploying Syrian fighters in Azerbaijan to fight Armenia.
Europe: The EU launches legal action against Brexit Bill
On 1 October, the European Union launched legal proceedings for response against the British government's attempt to overturn parts of the Brexit withdrawal. The Commission sent a formal notice to the UK government as a first move in the infringement procedure and has invited the government to send its observations within one month. On 29 September, the British MPs backed a bill to regulate Britain's internal market from 1 January, which overwrites parts of the withdrawal treaty that Prime Minister Boris Johnson signed with EU leaders, that can be seen as a breach of international law.
The US: Pompeo demands harsher stance by the Vatican against China
On 1 October, Pompeo met Vatican's Secretary of State and the Foreign Minister, a visit that seems to have irritated the Vatican over the extension of the China accord. Pompeo was seen accusing the Holy See of putting its "moral authority" at risk if it renewed an agreement with China on the appointment of bishops. According to the Vatican Secretary of State, the Vatican "asserts (the right to move forward) with a choice that has been thought through, reflected on, prayed over, a choice the pope has made, therefore the freedom to move forward."
The US: The President test positive for COVID-19
On 2 October, President Trump tested positive for COVID-19. The White House stated that the President would continue to work, even as they go into quarantine. Due to his appearance alongside Trump, Democrat Presidential candidate Joe Biden was subjected to the COVID-19 test, and he tested negative. With elections in November, Trump's quarantine is set to pose further obstacles in the campaign plan.
About the authors
Dr Vivek Mishra is a Research Fellow at the ICWA, New Delhi. Shreya Sinha is a PhD Scholar at Jawaharlal Nehru University, and Sourina Bej is a project associate at NIAS.
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GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Aashiyana Adhikari
GP Team
Shailesh Nayak
Lakshmi V Menon
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Sourina Bej
Rashmi Ramesh
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
D. Suba Chandran
Parikshith Pradeep
Nidhi Dalal
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
Lakshmi V Menon
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Raakhavee Ramesh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Sourina Bej
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Harini Madhusudan
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
Sourina Bej
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudhan
Druta Bhatt
Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
Divyabharathi E
Oishee Majumdar
D. Suba Chandran
Sourina Bej
Gayan Gowramma KC
Druta Bhatt
Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Hely Desai
Manushi Kapadia
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Divyabharathi E
Miti Shah
Hely Desai
Druta Bhatt
Manushi Kapadia
Miti Shah
Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lakshmi V Menon
Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E