|
Padmashree Anandhan
10 January 2025 |
The NATO was formed in 1949 as a collective response to the soviet aggression. Out of the 12 founding members, the national interests of Canada, Norway, Denmark (Greenland), Iceland, and the US recognised the strategic significance of the Nordic and the Arctic.[1] The participation of these states laid the groundwork was seen as a crucial frontier. The key principle of the organisation is bound by Article 5 of the treaty, which states that an armed attack on one NATO member is considered an attack on all.[2] The ideas may have emerged from the Cold War and collective defence motto however it has grown in the past decades by several times in response to the geopolitical scenarios. In the 2000s, three major expansions brought East and Western Europe together. One was in 1999, when the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO, a major shift of Warsaw Pact members signing into NATO.[3] Next was in 2004, the largest ever with Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, Slovakia, and Slovenia, the former Soviet republics or Warsaw members joining NATO.[4] After this, Albania, Croatia, Montenegro, and North Macedonia joined, strengthening the presence of western Balkan states in NATO. The last two additions were Finland and Sweden which compromised on their neutral stance and joined in response to the Russian aggression in Ukraine. Initially, the NATO missions focused on defending Europe against the Soviet Union in the post-Cold War by conducting its military operations in the Balkans, Afghanistan and Libya and now it is back to the same with new actors in the security dynamics with the rise of China and Russia. The nature of operations has also expanded from countering terrorism to cyber threats.
Recent developments
On 01 October 2024, Mark Rutte became the 14th Secretary General of NATO after Jens Stoltenberg.[5] He was a former Prime Minister of the Netherlands with domestic and international accomplishments in security, defence, employment and social affairs, and economics.[6] He strongly supports global and transatlantic cooperation.
On 04 April 2024, NATO commemorated its 75th year with a steadfast commitment to a peaceful Arctic.[7] The High North has been woven into NATO's trajectory since its inception, with a nexus of geopolitical importance and strategic interests influencing its evolution. In April, the 75th year celebrations marked the membership of Finland and Sweden underlining the dynamic partnership, cooperation, and adaptation. Finland and Sweden joined NATO, marking seven Arctic states in NATO.
The 2023 Vilnius Summit Communiqué pledged to continue joint exercises and Arctic surveillance coordination.[8] These were partly enacted with recent exercises in the Norwegian Sea. However insufficient to secure NATO's northern flank.
In recent years, the Arctic has emerged as a focal point for geopolitical competition and security challenges. Rapid climate change has led to ice caps melting, opening new shipping routes, access to natural resources, and potential military activity. Russia's firm activities of military stockpile and exercises in the Arctic have elevated fears about security and stability in the region. Stalling of the operations in the Arctic Council have added challenges to NATO. It’s strategy in the Arctic emphasises the importance of addressing both traditional and emerging security threats, ensuring the region remains stable and secure.
In September 2023, NATO’s defence chiefs meeting in Oslo focused on Finland and Sweden's membership and how Nordic countries will be responsible for creating “NATO’s deterrence in the northern areas.”[9] In response, in March 2024, the Norwegian Arctic held a joint exercise with soldiers from 13 countries called Steadfast Defender with 90,000 troops from each NATO member state. It was the largest exercise since the Cold War.
Key issues
First, geographic proximity in the Baltic. Russia’s plan to prevent the expansion of NATO forfeited with Sweden and Finland's decision to join NATO. Although it still has a hold over eastern Ukraine in Europe, Russia’s access in the Finnish-Sweden Border around Bodo's shores, which extends to 70 to 90 kilometres, will be limited. Finland which shares 1,340 kilometres border with Russia has a strategic depth to proceed to Murmansk, and facilitate a naval base at Barents and White Sea.[10] This region holds more than half of Russia’s ballistic missile submarines, and upon its membership, Russia’s strategic position in the North Atlantic would require more troops to protect the flank. The issue here would be its ability to exercise anti-access/area denial (A2/AD) zones in Kaliningrad and the Arctic, which could be a combination of attacks. This would affect NATO, Finland, and Sweden’s operations in the Baltic Sea in terms of movement and deployment of troops. Similarly in the Kola Peninsula which holds Russia’s second-strike capability, can be expected to expand to create buffer zone around it Northern Fleet, impacting the mobility of Sweden and Finland.[11] While Sweden and Finland belong in the subarctic, the Baltic-Arctic will be the next contested area as NATO and Russia mark their presence.
Second, the transatlantic trouble. The president-elect, Donald Trump, had earlier threatened to withdraw support for NATO citing the allies failure to meet the defence expediture threshold. After the election result, he has also pledged to end the war in Ukraine within 24 hours of his presidency. Whereas NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte has called the present two per cent defence limit adequate while the future defence capacity is in gray zone. It is not the first time Trump has warned NATO’s trans-Atlantic members to increase their defence expenditure. During his presidential term (2017-2021),[12] he emphasised on reducing or withdrawing aid to NATO. At present, the 2024 budget has been met by the NATO members, however the US remains the prime contributor to indirect funding, with EUR 800 billion (68 per cent) out of the total EUR 1,173 billion.[13]
Third, increased military activity in the Nordic. In the face of EU security policy and defence, the Nordic Policymakers have always focused on ensuring that they should not become “militarised” and rather opt for “peaceful” solutions. On the other side, while the debate has existed since the 1990s over its institutional choices and Nordic balance questioning its neutral stance, the Nordic has maintained a secret military alliance with NATO. While Sweden maintains a straight line, Finland has increased its defence spending by exceeding two per cent of the GDP over two decades, and Denmark voted to join the EU’s Common Defence Policy 1999 to speed the process.[14] In terms of combined military expenditures, Sweden, Finland, and with the Baltic states have increased from USD 10 to 15 billion in 2021 especially in the Kola Peninsula which is considered sensitive, Finland may open door to NATO activities. The war and security risks have led to increased military exercises in northern Europe.
Fourth, the energy dilemma. In the Nordic countries, Denmark and Finland are most dependent on Russian fossil fuels, but in Europe, the Nordic region marks the least dependency on the energy mix. The scenario changed as Europe detached from Russia’s energy, increasing the value of energy resources on the Norwegian continental shelf, which is spread through the North Sea and Barents Sea. Another likely impact on energy is expected from the high energy prices due to Europe’s open market. In terms of economy, except Finland, due to its geographic location, none of the Nordic countries heavily depend on Russia or Ukraine. The economic fallout could be due to supply chain challenges and high food prices, which add to inflation. This could be worse if the inflation continues to increase and the government underperforms to protect the consumers, which is likely until the prices surge.
Fifth, strengthening NATO's presence in the Nordic. NATO has been more inclusive of Finland and Sweden in its exercises since the overturn of Finland and Sweden to join NATO after the war in Ukraine. It conducts annual and bi-annual political exercises, defence ministers meetings, and summits to manoeuvre its defence plan. Finland joining NATO in April allowed the longest deployment of US Marines in May to hold Freezing Winds 22 exercise joined by the Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, and Sweden naval forces.[15] In June, Sweden was invited to be part of NATO’s Unified Vision 2023 Joint Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (JISR) exercise. This involves intelligence experts from Europe and North US to respond to crisis triggered by natural disasters.[16] In September 2023, NATO conducted its first surveillance drone mission over Finland, which is only predominant in the Black Sea region, and the eastern flank was flown over Finland to familiarise the terrain.[17] Denmark and NATO announced their latest quantum strategy, which aims to make their allies “quantum ready” to integrate technologies with capabilities. An initiative with Denmark is to provide quantum-enabled solutions and innovate new technologies for security challenges.[18] Three defence exercises were held in Iceland, Baltic Sea, Estonia and Latvia coasts, and Nordic countries focused on problem-solving, high-end warfare and collective defence. [19] [20] In October, NATO, along with Sweden, proposed a “Digital Ocean Vision” to boost NATO’s maritime awareness and surveillance. Military exercises aside, the Vilnius Summit after the Madrid Summit in 2022 sealed down NATO’s deterrence and defence strategy in the north as the primary in agenda. Its focus on boosting ability, higher readiness, and reinforcement in all domains, whereas the second objective has been to integrate defence plans of the Nordic, especially air defence with Finland, Sweden, Norway, and Denmark.[21] Similarly, NATO Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg's address showcased NATO’s determination to engage in “deep cooperation” and establish its presence in the Nordic region in the recent 75th Nordic Council session held in Norway in October.
Sixth, U-turn from neutrality to militarily non-alignment to alliance. Norway and Denmark joined NATO during the Cold War, whereas Finland and Sweden continued to pursue neutral policies. Although neutrality was maintained, the reasons behind the stance were different. For Sweden, in 1809, in the war against the Russian Empire, the territory it was to cede was merged into Finland, and since then, it has opted not to join the conflict. In the case of Finland, during 1939-40 in the fight against the Soviet Union lost 10 per cent of its territory and post the 1948 agreement with the Soviet Union, turned neutral. Parting from the neutrality policy took place quickly after the dissolution of the Soviet Union into military nonalignment. While the partnership grew between Finland, Sweden and NATO through military partnerships, Russia’s 2014 Crimean annexation stirred back the risk of conflict. This triggered Finland and Sweden to reconsider their position and to upsize their military in 2017, and the start of war in Ukraine pushed them to join NATO.[22]
Seventh, modernisation post-World War II and concern over Soviet attack. Following World War II, the northern States realised the military and civilian significance of the Arctic, which led to the establishment of scientific and military bases. In the following decades, the region became one of the Cold War's most militarised spaces. The postwar innovation of military technology altered the province.[23] Meanwhile, the Soviet industrialisation policies directed by leaders Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin, made the Russian Arctic the most militarised. This includes warships, icebreakers, nuclear submarines, and ballistic weapons. NATO and the West considered this a direct threat. This build-up of forces effectively in NATO’s backyard, that is Norway, led the High North to become a central issue of NATO’s security strategy throughout the Cold War. A report released in 1950 called the Arctic Ocean and the zone around Norway, Iceland, Greenland, and the Northwest Territory of Canada as hostile for naval and submarine forces. Norway was becoming a key concern as the possibility of a soviet attack heightened.[24]
Eighth, Sweden and Finland as new points of escalation. In February 2022, when Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine led to the Arctic Council members' statement to pause work with Russia. At the same time, Sweden and Finland reversed the neutrality policy and joined in 2023 and 2024. Both being Arctic states affected the balance of power in the north. Why? Because NATO lacks an official Arctic policy and, discussions to have one have been fragmented. However, Russia’s belligerence has impacted Arctic affairs, making it clear that it is no longer at the periphery of the West, like it was twenty years ago, but at the centre of NATO.
Ninth, missing Arctic policy and warming problem. NATO currently has no official Arctic policy nor a command devoted to northern affairs, which some experts have called problematic due to the possibility that this will impede NATO’s ability to “adequately navigate revived strategic competition in the region.” Over the past 15 years, NATO officials have dismissed ideas of developing a dedicated body to oversee Arctic projects. In 2020, Camille Grand, NATO’s assistant secretary for defence investment, said: “A separate Joint Force Command (JFC) for the Arctic was unnecessary because the Organization did not have any other regional working groups.”[25] Experts arguing for a more significant NATO presence in the Arctic say it is necessary to clearly show Russia that NATO has its eye on the region and deter further Russian aggression. Despite NATO lacking an Arctic position, its members do seem to be invested in the Arctic since the Ukraine invasion. This could be evidenced by the often-held exercises and operation of warships in the Arctic.
Arctic warming began in 2006, and experts argue that Russia’s efforts to revitalize its northern areas have pushed Norway to increase its engagement with NATO.[26] Russia also began rapidly developing its Arctic regions primarily to exploit resources. As Arctic warming accelerated, retreating sea ice began to open access to Russia’s Northern Sea Route (NSR). This maritime corridor could reduce shipping times between Europe and Asia.
Challenges ahead
First, a stronger NORDEFCO. Finland and Sweden which have high level of interoperability with NATO’s structures, membership was the limitation, on attaining that will now be able to realise an integrated defence plan fully. The same was exhibited in the Vilnius Summit on integrated northern Europe defence. The NORDEFCO 2050 vision of “minimal restrictions on movement and storage of military units and equipment” would now be possible with new defence capabilities and increased military activities in the Russian side.
Second, a task ahead for Sweden. Sweden’s membership in NATO makes it a perfect base for deploying troops and sending of materials to Finland, Norway and the Baltic states. This will boost Sweden’s ability to put its defence policy into full practice, but it can no longer hold a balanced stance or stay away from US policies. In line with NATO’s security agreements may have to work its strategic priorities which might affect its interests in the Arctic, but will strengthen its position in Scandinavia.
Third, improved cooperation and defence. Efforts to improve cooperation and defence are also ongoing in the European Arctic. Even before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine and Finland and Sweden’s bids to join NATO, the Nordic states discussed forming a joint Nordic air force to improve communication and defence between Norway, Denmark, Sweden and Finland. According to journalists and military sources, the project has received even more support since 2022. One of the Nordic news, High North News observed that there was a high-level military presence of the US and NATO forces in Iceland and Norway pointed out in the summer of 2023 that there is a larger than normal military presence of both American and NATO forces in Iceland and that Norway is working on developing an air command centre in northern Norway in collaboration with the US and UK which called itself “The Arctic’s nearest neighbor” in 2013 and 2015 policy documents.
Fourth, NATO’s quandary. There has been much discussion about what NATO should do in the face of growing Arctic tension but NATO furthering its military presence in the Arctic is imprudent as it will aggravate Russia. However, Russia has proven not to consider the territorial integrity of sovereign states, and has been increasingly aggressive in the past. This can be applied to the Arctic and indicates the need for a swift response if serious tensions emerge in the north.
A new cold war in the Arctic. The tensions began to build in 2006 and have risen to the Cold War level in the last decade due to increasing military and derailing diplomacy or dialogue in the Arctic. Hard security is at the vanguard of Northern European policy agendas. While NATO does not have an official Arctic policy, it is well present in the region through its member states in the Arctic. Some scholars argue that the Cold War never came to an end in the Arctic as most of the military installations still remain.
Fifth, Arctic is no longer at NATO’s periphery. For a long time, the Arctic has been seen as remote and exterior for global courses, but this is changing now with more participation from middle and superpowers. With growing Russian aggression, climate change, expansion of NATO and flow of investments across the international countries, the Arctic is no longer poled away. Developments in the Arctic do create an impact outside and are expected to amplify in the coming decades. Therefore, political and geopolitical changes are quickly unfolding, putting NATO under pressure to make key decisions to secure the alliance members. The re-emergence of the Arctic on the centre stage would have far-reaching consequences, altering the security order of Europe as NATO engages more.
Conclusion
Increasing Russian aggression in eastern Donetsk and Ukraine’s aerial attacks into Russia has gone hand in hand with US President Joe Biden’s cooperation with NATO. Winning of Trump is predicted to have severe consequences for Ukraine and pressure on NATO members to rethink their contribution and transatlantic equation. If they are not able to meet the demands that could placed in future by Trump they not only risk the region’s security but its transatlantic relations. It would take decades to replace the US’s military contribution. It being the major shareholder of NATO’s defence. Although its GDP spending ranged between high and low tendencies, losing its support entirely would take decades for NATO to revive its military arsenal. And then comes questions of leadership for a Europe-led security bloc. NATO, which has doubled its geopolitical presence to 30+ members, needs to hold a united front. Ambiguity persists over who can lead NATO post the US or which group of countries (The nordic or the western) will stride high to establish a safe security landscape for Europe.
[1] “Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - Office of the Historian,” n.d. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1945-1952/nato.
[2] Brennan Center for Justice. “NATO’s Article 5 Collective Defense Obligations, Explained,” June 29, 2023. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/research-reports/natos-article-5-collective-defense-obligations-explained.
[3] “Milestones in the History of U.S. Foreign Relations - Office of the Historian,” n.d. https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/evolution-of-nato.
[4] U.S. Department of Defense. “NATO,” n.d. https://www.defense.gov/Spotlights/nato/.
[5] Afp, Le Monde With. “Mark Rutte Takes Over as NATO Chief.” Le Monde.Fr, October 1, 2024. https://www.lemonde.fr/en/international/article/2024/10/01/mark-rutte-takes-over-as-nato-chief_6727844_4.html.
[6] Ibid.
[7] Wilson Center. “No. 26 | NATO In the Arctic: 75 Years Of Security, Cooperation, and Adaptation,” January 14, 2001. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/blog-post/no-26-nato-arctic-75-years-security-cooperation-and-adaptation.
[8] Jouan, Nicolas. “How to Take Advantage of NATO Enlargement in the Arctic.” RAND, June 24, 2024. https://www.rand.org/pubs/commentary/2024/06/how-to-take-advantage-of-nato-enlargement-in-the-arctic.html.
[9] Regeringen och Regeringskansliet. “Swedish Contribution to NATO’s Deterrence and Defence in 2025.” Regeringskansliet, October 7, 2024. https://www.government.se/press-releases/2024/10/swedish-contribution-to-natos-deterrence-and-defence-in-2025/.
[10] International Peace Research Initiative (IPRI) - Europe: Ukraine War and the Nordic. “Europe: Ukraine War and the Nordic - Padmashree Anandhan,” n.d. https://conflictreader.org/view_ipri_articles.php?ArticleNo=332&url=Conflict%20Weekly%20Special%20Issue&recordNo=330.
[11] Ratiu, Andrea. “How Allied Sweden and Finland Can Secure Northern Europe - Atlantic Council.” Atlantic Council, August 23, 2023. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/how-allied-sweden-finland-can-secure-northern-europe/.
[12] Anandhan, Padmashree. “What Is the Latest Row Between Trump and NATO? | Explained.” The Hindu, February 27, 2024. https://www.thehindu.com/news/international/what-is-the-latest-row-between-trump-and-nato-explained/article67889557.ece.
[13] Ibid.
[14] Migliorati, Marta. “New Nordic Pathways? Explaining Nordic Countries’ Defence Policy Choices in the Wake of the Ukrainian War.” Journal of European Public Policy 31, no. 10 (February 9, 2024): 3249–74. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2024.2314247.
[15] Yle News. “Finland Leads ‘Freezing Winds 23’ Drills in Baltic Sea.” News, November 16, 2023. https://yle.fi/a/74-20060591.
[16] Wemer, David. “Six Reasons NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Disaster Response Coordination Centre Is Important for Our Future Security - Atlantic Council.” Atlantic Council, June 25, 2020. https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/six-reasons-natos-euro-atlantic-disaster-response-coordination-centre-is-important-for-our-future-security/.
[17] Null, Thomas Nilsen. “NATO Drone on First Time Mission Over Finland.” Thebarentsobserver, September 14, 2023. https://www.thebarentsobserver.com/security/nato-drone-on-first-time-mission-over-finland/163227.
[18] Ministry of Defence. “NATO and Denmark Are Opening a Center for Quantum Technologies in Copenhagen,” n.d. https://www.fmn.dk/en/news/2023/nato-and-denmark-are-opening-a-center-for-quantum-technologies-in-copenhagen/.
[19] ZÁJEDOVÁ, IIVI. “The Baltic States’ Security and NATO Enlargement.” Perspectives, no. 13 (1999): 79–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23615944.
[20] {"@type": “Person”,"name": “Minna Ålander”}. “Death by a Thousand Paper Cuts: Lessons From the Nordic-Baltic Region on Countering Russian Gray Zone Aggression.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, n.d. https://carnegieendowment.org/research/2024/11/russia-gray-zone-aggression-baltic-nordic?lang=en.
[21] Andrea Ratiu, “How Allied Sweden and Finland Can Secure Northern Europe - Atlantic Council,” Atlantic Council, August 23, 2023, https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/in-depth-research-reports/issue-brief/how-allied-sweden-finland-can-secure-northern-europe/.
[22] Chatterjee, Phelan. “How Sweden and Finland Went From Neutral to Nato,” July 11, 2023. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61397478.
[23] Bykova, Alina. “NATO Has Always Been an Arctic Alliance (Part I).” The Arctic Institute - Center for Circumpolar Security Studies (blog), September 27, 2024. https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/nato-arctic-alliance-part-i/.
[24] Dean, Ryan. “Military Threats in, to, and Through the Arctic East of Greenland and Implications for Canada,” 2023. https://www.naadsn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/East-of-Greenland-report-RD.pdf.
[25] Alina Bykova, “NATO Has Always Been an Arctic Alliance (Part II),” The Arctic Institute - Center for Circumpolar Security Studies (blog), September 27, 2024, https://www.thearcticinstitute.org/nato-arctic-alliance-part-ii/.
[26] https://www.e-ir.info/2024/08/14/between-myth-and-reality-soviet-legacies-in-the-russian-arctic/
About the author
Padmashree Anandhan is a Project Associate (NIAS Europe Studies and NIAS Polar and Ocean Studies) at NIAS.
NIAS Global Politics Team
Akshath Kaimal
Advik Sunanda Mohan
Samraksha Mukund
NIAS Global Politics Team
NIAS Global Politics Team
NIAS Global Politics Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R KudalkarÂ
Lekshmi MK
Glynnis Winona B
Aparna A Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar and Urja Kudalkar
Brighty Ann Sarah
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Preetha Renganarayanan
Abhimanyu Solanki
Radhika M Agarwal
NIAS Global Politics Team
Lekshmi MK
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Angelo Neil Augustine, Disha V, Yaazhini Thiruchelvi DD and Srishti HS
Preetha Renganarayanan
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Preetha Renganarayanan
Akshath Kaimal
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Urja R Kudalkar
Urja R Kudalkar
Urja R Kudalkar
Aparna A Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Nithin V
Sreemaya Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella, Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Akshath Kaimal
Yesasvi Koganti
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Priyanka Makhijani
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Akshath Kaimal
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Adwaith Sankar
NIAS Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Sreemaya Nair
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Arafaath Rahby
Athar Zafar
Adwaith Sankar
NIAS Global Politics Team
Urja R Kudalkar
Akshath Kaimal
Lekshmi MK
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Adwaith Sankar
Lakshmi Karlekar
Teshu Singh
Dattesh D Parulekar
Dhivya KM
Acsah H
Adwaith Sankar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Dhivya KM
Nithin V
Acsah H
Yesasvi Koganti
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani and Urja R Kudalkar
Aarav Bhaskar
Dhivya KM
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Global Politics Team
Namrata L Ghanghatkar, Priyanka Makhijani, Urja R Kudalkar
Manikranth Chakravarthula
Lekshmi MK
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
NIAS Global Politics Team
Priyanka Makhijani
Adwaith Sankar
Namrata L Ghanghatkar
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Global Politics Team
Akshath Kaimal
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Brighty Ann Sarah
Special Issue
Akshath Kaimal
NIAS Global Politics Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Mahesh Bhatta
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Aparna A Nair
Lekshmi MK
Dhivya KM
Adwaith Sankar
Avaneesh S
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Avaneesh S
NIAS Global Politics Team
Yesasvi Koganti
Anwesha Ghosh
Adarsh Vijay
Ramya B
Himani Pant
Anand V
NIAS Global Politics Team
Radhika M Agarwal
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Aparna A Nair
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Global Politics Team
Akshath Kaimal
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab YousufÂ
Glynnis Winona B
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Nithin V
Siddhi Halyur
NIAS Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
NIAS Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Madhura Meenakshi Tanikella
Aparna A Nair
NIAS Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Akshath Kaimal
Radhika M Agarwal
Deb Dutta
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Nithin V
NIAS Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Ada Khan
NIAS Global Politics Team
Glynnis Winona B
Anu Maria Joseph
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Kirsten Wilfred Coelho
Sreemaya Nair
Kirsten Wilfred Coelho
Santhosh Guru PR
Rakshitha B
Glynnis Winona B
NIAS Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Brighty Ann Sarah
Global Politics Team
Nithin V
Siddhi Halyur
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Glynnis Winona B
NIAS IPRI
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Jenin Raj S
Global Politics Team
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Mahesh Bhatta
Nithin V
Anu Maria Joseph
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Global Politics Team
NIAS Global Politics Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
Lakshmi Venugopal Menon
Anwesha Ghosh
Ramya B
Himani Pant
S Shaji
Nanda Kishor M S
Adarsh Vijay
Nishchal N Pandey & Mahesh Raj Bhatta
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Ashik J Bonofer
Haans J Freddy
Amrita Jash
Anand V
Shreya Upadhyay
TWTW Special Edition
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Aparna A Nair
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Rohini Reenum
Mahesh Bhatta
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Siddhi Halyur
Aishal Hab Yousuf
Jayasree
Rebecca Ann Oommen
Manik Dhawan
Santhosh Guru PR
Lekshmi MK
Femy Francis
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akshath Kaimal
Rohini Reenum
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Mahesh Bhatta
Sreemaya Nair
Global Politics Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Akshath Kaimal
Yesasvi Koganti
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Abhimanyu Solanki
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Brighty Ann Sarah
Lekshmi MK
Yesasvi Koganti
Lekshmi MK
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Aparna A Nair
Lekshmi MK
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Global Politics Team
Lekshmi MK
Femy Francis
Yesasvi Koganti
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Global Politics Team
Nishchal Nath Pandey
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Preetha Renganarayanan
Global Politics Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Brighty Ann Sarah
IPRI Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
IPRI Team
Global Politics Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Aparna A Nair
Sunidhi Sampige
Lekshmi MK
Lekshmi MK
Akriti Sharma
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Merin Treesa Alex
Preetha Renganarayanan
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Swati Sood
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Lekshmi MK
Emma Rose Boby
Abhimanyu Solanki
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Emma Rose
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Femy Francis
Mahesh Batt
Femy Francis
Rizwana S Banu
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
IPRI Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Harendra
NIAS Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Akriti Sharma
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
R Preetha
Akriti Sharma
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akriti Sharma
Femy Francis
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Brighty Ann Sarah and Preetha R
Anu Maria Joseph
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Neha Tresa George
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Rizwana S Banu
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
R Preetha
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Avishka Ashok
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Mahesh Batta
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Femy Francis
Femy FrancisÂ
R Preetha
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Naomi Miriam MathewÂ
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair and M Kejia
Anu Maria Joseph
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha
Merin Treesa Alex
Kasvi Batra
Chittrothu Vaihali
IPRI Team
Emma Rose Boby
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Merin Treesa Alex
Santhiya M
GP Team
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia
IPRI Team
Kumari Gargi, Naomi Miriam Matthew, & Fleur Elizabeth PhilipÂ
Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
J Yamini
Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
GP Team
R Preetha
Ananya Dinesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Emma Rose Boby
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Merin Treesa Alex
Aparna A Nair
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
GP Team
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Aashish Ganeshan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Femy Francis
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah
R Preetha
Nuha Aamina
Emma Rose Boby
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Aashiyana Adhikari
GP Team
Shailesh Nayak
Lakshmi V Menon
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Sourina Bej
Rashmi Ramesh
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
D. Suba Chandran
Parikshith Pradeep
Nidhi Dalal
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
Lakshmi V Menon
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Raakhavee Ramesh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Sourina Bej
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Harini Madhusudan
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
Sourina Bej
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudhan
Druta Bhatt
Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
Divyabharathi E
Oishee Majumdar
D. Suba Chandran
Sourina Bej
Gayan Gowramma KC
Druta Bhatt
Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Hely Desai
Manushi Kapadia
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Divyabharathi E
Miti Shah
Hely Desai
Druta Bhatt
Manushi Kapadia
Miti Shah
Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lakshmi V Menon
Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E