The World This Year

CWA # 193
The World This Year
Climate Change in 2019: Active Civil Society, Hesitant State

Rashmi Ramesh
31 December 2019
Photo Source: TIme

Climate change is no more a phenomenon of the future, it is a reality. The first decade of the 21st century experienced the effects in a way that reiterates the existence of this phenomenon. 

What happened?
2019 witnessed a series of events pertaining to the environment and climate change- destructive disasters on one hand and international conferences on climate change. 
Brazilian Amazon, Australia, Indonesia had suffered from distinct high temperatures and forest fires, resulting in damage of bio-diversity. High temperatures have also gradually melted the glaciers, Greenlandic ice sheet and Antarctic ice sheet in the polar regions. One of the immediate effects of melting is the rise in sea level, along with the rise, water bodies are also experiencing excessive heating and acidification. Such developments cause high-intensity cyclones and hurricanes. Dorian is noted as the most devastating hurricanes in the history of the Bahamas Islands. 

The United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres called for the Climate Action Summit to discuss climate action and enhance the nationally determined contributions. Conference of Parties-25 was held in Madrid, where the focus was on implementation of the Paris Agreement. 

Greta Thunberg, a Swedish teen was named the TIME Person of the Year for her contribution in raising awareness about climate change and inspiring the younger generation to voice their dissent over state apathy towards climate change. 

What is the background?
Science had warned about climate change long time ago when the existence of Ice Age was discovered in the 19th century. By the beginning of the 20th century, scientists foresaw the intensity in changes, particularly keeping the Industrial Revolution as the breaking point. It is now proved that the Industrial Revolution in Europe contributed to the increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. As a reason, the concept of ‘Common but Differentiated Responsibilities’ was put across. 

Climate change is a natural process that earth experiences and scientists have termed these periods as epochs. There have been references to Anthropocene (an epoch where human beings are capable of influencing the natural cycles of the planet) as a new geological epoch, succeeding the Holocene. Though there are differences of opinions over the term and the time period of the new epoch, scientists express consensus over the role of human beings in climate change. The focus is now on looking at climate change through this angle, rather than separating human actions and the environmental processes. The disasters that occurred in 2019 are also being perceived in a similar fashion.

What does it mean?
First, climate change is no more a phenomenon of the future, it is a reality. The first decade of the 21st century experienced the effects in a way that reiterates the existence of this phenomenon. 

Second, the question of whether ‘natural disasters’ are ‘natural’ anymore. The Amazon fires were caused by the burn and slash agriculture method. It was the case with Indonesian wildfires as well. The heat generated by Amazonian fire expedited the melting of glaciers in the Andes mountain range. The link between fire and melting glaciers is just an example. But, at the larger level, scientists opine that human actions act as an additive value to the already devastating disasters. 

Third, civil society has become more sensitive towards environmental issues and aware of climate change. European countries are leading in this front. Climate protests have ensured that the political leaders take this issue on a more serious note. For the first time, election campaigns focused on climate change at this scale. Democrats in the United States and the parties in the United Kingdom spoke about green deals and climate action. Bangladesh passed a resolution in the Parliament, declaring ‘planetary emergency’ where climate change and loss of biodiversity are included. Australia presents a contrary picture, where, the Conservative coalition won the polls in May 2019. Despite the deteriorating condition of the Great Barrier Reef and continuous droughts, Australians chose to vote for the coalition that has long resisted any action on carbon reduction.  

The role of youth has particularly been very encouraging. Sixteen children/teens including Greta Thunberg from Sweden complained to the UNICEF regarding states’ inaction towards climate change. Of these children, six of them were from the developing countries like India, Nigeria, Brazil, Tunisia, Argentina and the Marshall Islands. In the coming days, civil society in developing countries may don a more proactive role. 

Fourth, the nature of international negotiations over climate change has not seen much change. Countries continue to diverge over crucial issues that necessarily clash with their national interests. It was witnessed in both UN Climate Action Summit and COP 25. There were neither strong announcements in the Climate Action Summit, nor any consensus and agreement in the COP. With this, the negotiations over the framework for operationalizing the Paris Agreement is slated to happen in 2020.

Fifth, 2019 was another year of paradoxes. Governments promise for more action to deal with climate change, but are mostly non-committal. In some cases, countries talk about protection and conservation at the domestic level but contribute to activities outside, which increase global warming. Norway is a classic example- it talks about climate change, protection of the Arctic, and sustainable development; but exports hydrocarbons to a few EU countries, UK, US and China. The debate of economy vs environment has reached a peak, and it raises doubts over the possibility of sustainable development itself. 

Sixth, since climate change is a reality, the next question is whether mitigation is possible or is an adaptation, the way forward. As of 2019, mitigation has been the priority for the international community. 

Rashmi B R is a PhD scholar at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS. She can be contacted at rashmiramesh5@gmail.com.


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China-ASEAN-GCC Summit I President Macron's visit to South East Asia I Trump Vs Harvard
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1690

GP Team

The World This Week #312
Elections in Romania, Portugal & Poland I UK-EU Summit
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1689

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine
Continuing Russia’s Aerial Attacks, despite exchange of prisoners
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1688

Ayan Datta

Gaza
The Humanitarian Crisis and Israel’s Renewed Offensive
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1685

Aparna A Nair

UK-EU Summit:
First step towards a reset
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1683

Aashish Ganeshan

Elections in Portugal:
The Rise of Chega Party and the Search for Political Stability
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1679

Aashish Ganeshan

US in the Middle Easr
Trump’s visit to Saudi Arabia, Qatar and UAE
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1678

Gauri Gupta

China in Latin America
China-CELAC forum: Strengthening ties with Latin America and Caribbean
The World This Week
May 2025 | CWA # 1677

GP Team

The World This Week #310-311
China in Latin America and the Carribbean I Trump's Middle East Visit I Denmark as the new Arctic Chair
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1675

Lekshmi MK

Turkey:
PKK disbands after 40 years of armed insurgency
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1673

Padmashree Anandhan

Ukraine:
The Discussion in Turkiye and the Elusive Ceasefire
CW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1671

Abhiruchi Chowdhury

US, Ukraine and Russia:
Air attacks amidst a Minerals deal and Ceasefire Proposals
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1670

Fleur Elizabeth Philip

Singapore Elections in 2025:
People’s Action Party (PAP) Wins, Again
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1667

R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah

East Asia:
Tough Tariff Negotiations with the US
TWTW Note
May 2025 | CWA # 1666

Padmashree Anandhan

The US-Ukraine
The mineral deal with the US
Conflict Weekly
May 2025 | CWA # 1665
Conflict Weekly # 280-81
India-Pakistan De-escalation I Ukraine Discussion in Istanbul I The Battle over Port Sudan I Disbanding of PKK in Turkiye I France-Algeria Diplomatic Tensions
Global Politics Early Bird
May 2025 | CWA # 1663

R Preetha

Canada Elections 2025:
What do the results convey? What next for Mark Carney?
Conflict Weekly 250th Issue
October 2024 | CWA # 1480

IPRI Team

This Week in History
July 2024 | CWA # 1413

Ramya B

Global Politics Early Bird
May 2024 | CWA # 1336

Femy Francis

This Week in History
April 2024 | CWA # 1275

Ramya B

NIAS Global Politics Database
March 2024 | CWA # 1251

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
This Week in History
March 2024 | CWA # 1246

Sivasubramanian K

NIAS Global Politics Database
February 2024 | CWA # 1226

NIAS Africa Team

Africa This Week
The World This Week
November 2023 | CWA # 1148

GP Team

The War in Ukraine
October 2023 | CWA # 1091

Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri

Issues for Europe
NIAS Pakistan Weekly
October 2023 | CWA # 1087

PR Team

The World This Week
October 2023 | CWA # 1083

GP Team

Conflict Weekly
August 2023 | CWA # 1049

IPRI Team

IPRI Quarterly Forecasts I Triggers, Trends, and Trajectories
July 2023 | CWA # 1012

Bibhu Prasad Routray

Myanmar continues to burn
The World This Week
July 2023 | CWA # 1009

GP Team

2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 879

Padmashree Anandhan

The Ukraine War
2022: The World This Year
December 2022 | CWA # 872

Sapna Elsa Abraham

Europe: Heatwaves, Wildfires, Droughts, and Ice Melt in Alps
November 2022 | CWA # 838

Rishma Banerjee

Tracing Europe's droughts
NIAS Africa Weekly
March 2022 | CWA # 705

NIAS Africa Team

In Focus: Libya
The World This Week: 150th Issue
December 2021 | CWA # 630

GP Team

Europe in 2021
Pakistan Reader
October 2021 | CWA # 588

Abigail Miriam Fernandez

TLP is back again
NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology & International Relations
August 2021 | CWA # 528

STIR Team

Space Tourism
GLOBAL PROTEST MOVEMENTS
September 2020 | CWA # 337

Anju Annie Mammen

The FATF Meeting, February 2020
February 2020 | CWA # 235

Lakshmi V Menon

Science, Technology and International Relations
September 2019 | CWA # 162

Lakshman Chakravarthy N

5G: A Primer
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 71

Mahesh Bhatta

Nepal
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 70

Nasima Khatoon

The Maldives
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 69

Harini Madhusudan

India
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 68

Sourina Bej

Bangladesh
South Asia Monthly Brief (Nov 2018)
December 2018 | CWA # 67

Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer

Afghanistan
United States
July 2018 | CWA # 47

Rahul Arockiaraj

East Asia
June 2018 | CWA # 26

Siddhatti Mehta