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Global Politics Team
26 April 2026 |
TWTW Takeaways
Nepal’s New “National Commitment”:
Managing Consensus and Moving ahead towards a New Nepal
The National Commitment document represents an important attempt to align political priorities into a single, comprehensible national roadmap. The draft serves as a guide for the next five years
Mahesh Bhatta
On 14 April 2026, the new government of Nepal introduced a comprehensive “National Commitment” document. This serves as a strategic roadmap to transform Nepal into a middle-income country over the next five years. It also integrates the election manifestos and promises of six major political parties into a single plan for governance reform, economic development and social welfare over the next five years.
The draft has been shared with political parties for feedback, with a ten-day deadline. The document aims to incorporate their suggestions into national policies, with a view to preparing programmes, budgets, and priorities for the fiscal year 2026/27 and beyond. According to the draft, these commitments will be implemented through relevant ministries and agencies. Overall coordination and monitoring will be led by the Secretary at the Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers.
The 22-page document covers 18 different sectors. Key takeaways from the draft National Commitment document include:
1. Towards achieving macroeconomic goals aimed at the economic transformation of Nepal
On the economic front, the primary objective of the National Document is aimed at a national transformation. The document aims for an average economic growth rate of 7 per cent, increasing per capita income to USD 3,000 and expanding the total economy to nearly USD 100 billion within five years.
On job creation, the document aims to create 1.5 million jobs within the next five years, focusing on local employment and reducing youth emigration. The document also looks at poverty reduction. It sets a target to reduce multi-dimensional poverty to 10 per cent within five years.
2. Emphasis on Private Sector and Energy Self-Sufficiency
The document expects the Private Sector to play a significant role in this transformation. The government will act as a regulator and facilitator, encouraging the private sector as the primary engine of investment and job creation.
An important aspect of the document is its emphasis on energy self-sufficiency. The document has a 30,000 MW production target, modernizing agriculture and promoting tourism.
3. Focus on good governance, improve efficiency and administrative reforms
Administrative efficiency is a primary target of the new document. The introduction of a "timecard system" in public offices is expected to reduce delays and improve service delivery, as well as eliminate party-affiliated trade unions within the civil service and state institutions. On corruption, a major initiative is the audit and investigation of the wealth and assets of public officials since 1991 to restore public trust.
The document also has a focus on digitalization. It covers the implementation of paperless, electronic governance (digital signatures, 24-hour complaint systems) to ensure transparency and accountability.
The document plans to cap the number of federal ministries at 17 to enhance efficiency.
4. Focus on Social Justice
The document has a special focus on health and education. It pledges to allocate 8 per cent of the budget to health by 2031, alongside providing free treatment for burn victims and the deprived. Inclusion is another major focus of the new document. In a significant move towards equity, it promises of formal apologies to Dalit and historically marginalized communities.
5. Emphasis on Technology, Agriculture and Diaspora Engagement
An important aspect of the new document is IT as a strategic industry. It aims to elevate the IT sector to a national priority, turning Nepal into an exporter of AI and computational services, with mandatory digital literacy up to Grade 12. In agriculture, it focuses on self-reliance through initiatives such as farmer credit cards, insurance, a pension system, and high-value crop promotion.
Diaspora investment is another important aspect. Utilizing the skills and capital of Non-Resident Nepalese (NRNs) through sovereign diaspora bonds to encourage investment. The commitment strengthens NRNs' rights and advocates for the "Once a Nepali, Always a Nepali" principle.
6. Towards a Neutral Foreign Policy and Balanced Diplomacy
On external relations, Nepal calls for neutrality. The draft proposes maintaining a balanced, independent foreign policy with both neighbours and beyond, while avoiding any kind of military alliances.
The document aims to work towards regional stability by focusing on economic diplomacy and protecting national sovereignty while navigating geopolitical tensions.
7. Improving Nepal’s infrastructure
Upgrading the Mahendra (East-West) Highway to international standards within three years and establishing a public library in every district.
To Conclude: New government, New Consensus and New Nepal
Overall, the National Commitment document represents an important attempt to align political priorities into a single, comprehensible national roadmap. The draft serves as a guide for the next five years, which focuses on good governance, social justice and economic prosperity. By combining the agendas of major political parties, it signals a move toward greater policy continuity and shared ownership of key reforms. Its focus on economic growth, governance reform and social inclusion reflects both public expectations and long-standing structural challenges in Nepal.
ALSO READ
Mahesh Bhatta, "Nepal Elections 2026: The Rise of the New and the Fall of the Old," Global Politics Commentary, CWA # 2010, 09 March 2026.
Sreemaya Nair, "Nepal Elections 2026: Rise of a new leadership and Reset in political landscape," Global Politics Commentary, CWA # 2010, 08 March 2026
TWTW Note
Japan’s New Defence Posture:
From Post-War Pacifism to Strategic Recalibration and Autonomy
Increasing tensions with China, North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, along with increased aggression of the Russian military, have increased Japan’s threat perceptions. Besides, there is also a broad perception shift within Japan of the US security guarantees
Aishal Hab Yousuf
What happened?
On 21 April, Japan made significant changes to its defence export rules in decades, doing away with restrictions on overseas arms sales and opening the way for the export of warships, missiles, and other weapons. These measures include acquiring counter-strike capabilities and increasing military spending. Experts, civil society, and the public have interpreted these actions as ‘normalization’ towards Japan’s military role.
On 19 April, over 30,000 protesters composed of students, civil society groups, and organizations advocating for a pacifist society demonstrated outside the national Diet. They anticipate these changes may increase the potential of entanglement in foreign conflicts and undermine the historical culture of pacifism in Japanese society.
What is the background?
1. A brief background on Article 9 of Japan’s constitution
Article 9 of Japan’s constitution is one of its most defining features, an open declaration that Japan renounces war and will not maintain land, sea and air forces. Drafted under US occupation post World War II, these provisions reflect a two-fold agenda - accommodating the trauma of militarization during wartime and the US strategic interests during the early stages of the Cold War. Japan’s post-war peace constitution, in particular Article 9, was accepted not only as a legal framework but as a defining feature of a national identity, symbolizing a decisive break from militarism and as a wholehearted commitment to pacifism.
2. Gradual expansion of Japan’s Self-Defence Forces
Since 1954, Japan has gradually developed the Self-Defence Forces by interpreting Article 9 as being permissible towards defensive capabilities. In 2015, in a major shift, Japan legislated to engage in limited yet collective self-defence, and even enabled its forces to assist its allies under certain conditions. Shinzo Abe (2012-2020) pioneered a more proactive security policy, exemplified through Japan’s participation in security frameworks, including the QUAD. The new PM Sanae Takaichi appears to adopt a similar approach; she said: “Countries around the world are urgently preparing for new forms of warfare; no one will help a country that lacks the resolve to defend itself.”
3. Regional security pressures and Japan’s evolving threat perceptions
Increasing tensions with China, North Korea's nuclear and missile programs, along with increased aggression of the Russian military, have increased Japan’s threat perceptions. The recent China-Japan tensions, including economic retaliation and security disputes, have heightened these concerns. Besides, there is a broad perception in Japan of US security guarantees; today, Japanese policymakers are looking towards greater strategic autonomy.
What does it mean?
First, it is a transformational shift in Japan’s national identity. For decades, Japan’s image has been defined by pacifism. Even a symbolic reassessment of the ninth article’s principles would mean a departure from this identity towards a more Westphalian and/or Realist understanding of state sovereignty and military.
Second, a constitutionally recognised military would enable Japan to participate more intensively in collective defensive arrangements. The debate is divided; supporters argue that this would increase deterrence and contribute to regional stability vis-à-vis the two nuclear powers, China and North Korea. The critics recollect Japanese imperialism and wartime aggression.
Third, Japan’s new defence posture reflects a broader shift in alliance dynamics. An assertive Japan can complement Washington’s agenda. The US has long been encouraging Japan to assume greater defence responsibilities.
Fourth, the change may have significant implications for Japanese domestic politics. To implement this change as per Article 96, a two-thirds majority in both houses of the parliament, and public approval through a national referendum are required. A referendum makes it a de facto test of political legitimacy, likely to be highly contested.
To conclude, the debate highlights a reevaluation of the norms of post-Second World War Japan in light of contemporary challenges. Japan’s case is particularly symbolic because its constitution has long been seen as an ideal model of institutionalized pacifism.
TWTW Review
The Middle East Crisis and its Fallouts on Hunger and Global Food Supply Network:
Four Takeaways of the WFP's report on the fallouts of the Middle East crisis
The impact of the Middle East crisis is not confined to the region; it affects distant economies through price increases, supply disruptions, and trade pressures.
Nithin V
On 20 April, the World Food Programme (WFP) published a report titled “How the Mideast crisis is deepening hunger far beyond the front lines,” highlighting the fallouts of the ongoing crisis in the Middle East extending beyond the region and affecting distant economies.
The crisis is increasingly disrupting global food systems and pushing more people into hunger across the world. The conflict is affecting food, fuel, and supply networks that many countries depend on. The report highlights how the effects of the Middle East crisis is spreading across multiple regions from Africa to Southeast Asia and the Caribbean.
The following are four key takeaways from the WFP’s report.
1. Spread of hunger across regions due to supply and price disruptions
According to the WFP report, the crisis is creating a ripple effect far beyond the Middle East, spreading hunger across multiple regions. Countries already facing fragile economic and food security conditions are now experiencing worsening food insecurity. For example, places like Gaza are facing extreme shortages due to blockades and the disruption of supplies. Countries such as Yemen and Sudan, which were already dealing with humanitarian crises, are now under additional pressure.
Outside the immediate region, the impact is visible in countries like Nigeria, where rising fuel costs have doubled transport expenses and pushed up food prices, making it difficult for low-income households to cope. Similarly, in Laos, a landlocked country heavily dependent on imports, fuel prices have increased sharply, pushing food prices higher and forcing families to reduce consumption or shift to less nutritious food. These countries are particularly susceptible to such shocks because of their high dependence on food and fuel imports, weak domestic production capacity, and existing economic vulnerabilities. In many cases, limited fiscal capacity and ongoing political or humanitarian challenges reduce their ability to absorb price shocks or stabilise supply systems.
When conflict disrupts supply chains, prices rise quickly, and the impact is most severe on vulnerable populations. In simple terms, what began as a regional conflict is turning into a broader hunger crisis affecting multiple regions simultaneously.
2. Hunger is increasing at a speed that aid systems are struggling to match
According to the report, there is a growing gap between rising needs and limited humanitarian response. People requiring food assistance is increasing rapidly, but support systems are finding it difficult to keep up. In areas like Gaza and parts of Lebanon, families are facing severe food shortages and are increasingly dependent on aid. In countries such as Yemen and Sudan, where hunger levels were already high, the situation is becoming even more serious.
The rising costs reduce the ability of both households and governments to manage the crisis. Humanitarian organisations are also affected, as higher fuel and transport costs limit the aid delivery. As a result, aid agencies are sometimes forced to reduce food rations or limit the number of people they can support. This creates difficult choices and leaves many vulnerable populations at risk.
Hunger is not only increasing; it is increasing faster than the current response systems can handle.
3. Challenges in food delivery and distribution amid disrupted supply chains
An important but often overlooked aspect of the crisis is the challenge of delivering food.
The issue is no longer just about availability, but about access. The conflict has disrupted major transport routes, including ports and land corridors. This has made it harder to move food and essential supplies into affected areas. For example, getting aid into Gaza has become extremely difficult due to security and access restrictions. These disruptions are also affecting distant regions.
In the Caribbean, small island economies are facing rising freight costs and fuel prices, which are increasing the cost of importing food and other essential goods. Countries like Jamaica are also facing additional pressure due to rising construction and material costs after natural disasters, while tourism-dependent economies such as the Bahamas and Barbados are vulnerable to higher airline fuel costs.
To manage these challenges, humanitarian agencies are setting up logistics hubs and coordination centres to keep aid moving efficiently. However, these systems require strong planning, funding, and international cooperation. This shows that delivering aid in modern crises is just as challenging as sourcing it. Without effective logistics, even available food cannot reach those who need it most.
4. Global spillover effects and systemic vulnerabilities in food, energy, and trade systems
The Middle East crisis is affecting food, energy, and trade systems simultaneously, underscoring how closely these sectors interrelate. When conflict disrupts fuel supplies, it increases transportation costs, which, in turn, raises food prices. Similarly, disruptions in shipping routes reduce both the availability and affordability of essential goods. These effects are clearly visible across different regions.
Countries like Egypt highlight how import-dependent economies are highly exposed to rising food and fuel prices. Nigeria shows how increases in fuel costs directly translate into higher transport and food expenses. Laos reflects the challenges faced by landlocked countries that rely heavily on imports, while Caribbean states demonstrate how small island economies are affected by rising freight costs and pressures on tourism-linked sectors.
To conclude, the impact of the Middle East crisis is not confined to the region; it affects distant economies through price increases, supply disruptions, and trade pressures.
About the authors
Mahesh Raj Bhatta is a Research Officer at CSAS, Kathmandu, Nepal.
Aishal Hab Yousuf, Postgraduate student, Department of International Studies, Stella Maris College, Chennai. She is currently an intern at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bengaluru.
Nithin V is a postgraduate student in International Relations, with an interest in geopolitics, international political economy, and climate governance. He is currently an intern at the National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bengaluru.
TWTW Regional Roundups
From East Asia to the Americas: News from around the world
Aishal Yousuf, Akshath Kaimal, Aparna A Nair, Ashwin R, Brighty Ann Sarah, Femy Francis, Glynnis Winona Beschi, Kirsten Wilfred Coelho, Lekshmi MK, Manik Dhawan, Nishita Manoharan, Nithin V, R Preetha, Rakshitha B, Rebecca Ann Oomen, Santhiya M, Sreekanishkaa GK, Sreemaya Nair, Shrinidhi Senthivel, Shwetha R, Siddhi Halyur, Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha, Yesasvi Koganti
TWT Special
The US–Iran War, Week Eight: A Chronological Profile
20 April 2026: Day 52
US-Iran Peace Talks: Tehran rejects talks following Washington’s blockade of Hormuz and seizure of an Iranian vessel
On 20 April, Reuters reported that Tehran will abstain from the peace negotiations in Islamabad as the two-week ceasefire is set to expire. Iran’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs spokesman Esmaeil Baghaei stated that the US has “violated the ceasefire from the beginning of its implementation,” citing Washington's naval blockade of the Strait of Hormuz and the US’ capture of an Iranian vessel that attempted to breach the blockade. Security sources stated that chief negotiator Field Marshal Asim Munir had informed President Trump that the blockade would be a major obstacle to the talks. Baghaei also underscored that Tehran’s 10-point proposal, submitted prior to the first round of talks, will remain the basis for all negotiations and that Iran will “respond accordingly,” in the event of further aggression from the US or Israel. He accused Washington of showing a lack of seriousness toward diplomacy, stressing that Tehran would not change its stated demands and does not accept deadlines or ultimatums in matters concerning its national interests.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/world-weighs-fate-mideast-ceasefire-after-us-seizes-iranian-cargo-ship-2026-04-20/
Lebanon: Israel warns Lebanese citizens not to return to areas marked by new maps
On 20 April, Reuters reported that Israel told residents of Southern Lebanon not to enter the belt of territory running the length of the Israel-Lebanon border and to stay away from the Litani River. This announcement comes after a ten-day ceasefire took effect between Israel and Hezbollah. However, the ceasefire remains fragile due to the presence of Israeli troops in Southern Lebanon, which aims to create a buffer zone between Israel and Lebanon. The Israeli military published a map on social media which displayed a red line through twenty-one villages and said that no one should move into the area between the line and the border. This map also marked fifty other villages which civilians should avoid. The Israeli military published another map which marked its new deployment line in Lebanon. This line lies ten kilometres deep in Lebanese territory. Mahmoud Qmati, a senior Hezbollah official, told the residents of the Hezbollah-controlled southern suburbs of Beirut not to return to their homes because of risks of Israeli strikes.
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-entrenches-hold-south-lebanon-warns-residents-stay-out-2026-04-20/
21 April 2026: Day 53
The US: Washington seizes Iran-linked tanker in international waters as truce deadline nears
On 21 April, the US military stated that it had seized a tanker linked to Iran in international waters, reflecting continued enforcement of its blockade as the two-week truce was coming close to expiring. According to Reuters, Washington expressed confidence that peace talks with Iran may proceed in Pakistan, with Tehran reportedly considering participation. However, time was running out as the deadline neared. The US military confirmed that it boarded the tanker Tifani “without incident.” The vessel, capable of carrying two million barrels of crude, was located near Sri Lanka and had indicated Singapore as its destination. The US Central Command stated: “As we have made clear, we will pursue global maritime enforcement efforts to disrupt illicit networks and interdict sanctioned vessels providing material support to Iran — anywhere they operate.” Iran did not comment on the boarding; however, media reports suggest this could challenge peace talks arrangements. Tehran said that the blockade of its ports constitutes a US violation of the truce and that it will not negotiate while the blockade is in place. (“Trump says he does not want to extend truce as expiry nears, US seizes tanker,” Reuters, 21 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-positive-iran-deal-talks-still-uncertain-ceasefire-end-nears-2026-04-21/
The US-Iran Peace talks: President Trump says Tehran has "no choice but to send" delegates to Pakistan
On 21 April, the BBC reported that President Trump stated Iran has “no choice but to send” delegates to Pakistan for talks with the US. In an interview with CNBC, he reportedly expressed confidence that Washington would “end up with a great deal.” He described the naval blockade as a “tremendous success” and, when asked about extending the ceasefire, he stated: “I don't want to do that.” Trump later stated that: “I expect to be bombing 'cause that would be a better attitude.” According to Reuters, Tehran had not yet decided on its participation in the second round of peace talks in Islamabad. Pakistan officials noted that, if delegations attend, they are unlikely to arrive before 22 April, leaving only limited time to secure an agreement before the two-week truce expires. President Trump has warned of resuming hostilities, including potential attacks on Iran’s civilian infrastructure, if his terms are not accepted. An initial round of talks held ten days earlier failed to result in an agreement. Subsequently, Tehran showed reluctance to engage in a second round this week, referring to the US’ refusal to lift its blockade and its seizure of an Iranian cargo vessel. (“Trump says he 'expects to be bombing' if no progress made in Iran talks,” BBC, 21 April 2026. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/cx297218m9vt)
(“Trump says he does not want to extend truce as expiry nears, US seizes tanker,” Reuters, 21 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/us-positive-iran-deal-talks-still-uncertain-ceasefire-end-nears-2026-04-21/)
The War in Iran is generating the worst energy crisis in history, says IEA head
On 21 April, the head of the International Energy Agency (IEA) stated that the conflict between Iran, Israel, and the US is generating the worst energy crisis ever faced by the world. He noted that “the crisis is already huge, if you combine the effects of the petrol crisis and the gas crisis with Russia,” pointing to the overlapping pressures on global energy markets. The war has disrupted maritime traffic through the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for roughly one-fifth of global oil and liquefied natural gas flows. These disruptions compound earlier shocks from the War in Ukraine, which limited Russian gas supplies to Europe. The IEA chief had earlier assessed the situation as more severe than the crises of 1973, 1979, and 2022 combined. In March, the IEA authorised the release of 400 million barrels of oil from strategic stockpiles to stabilise rising oil prices. (“War in Iran is causing biggest energy crisis in history, IEA says,” Reuters, 21 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/war-iran-is-causing-biggest-energy-crisis-history-iea-says-2026-04-21/)
22 April 2026: Day 54
The US-Iran Ceasefire: Trump extends the ceasefire indefinitely ahead of the new round of negotiations; Tehran undecided on further talks
On 22 April, CNN reported that President Trump indefinitely extended the ceasefire with Iran on the eve of its expiry and that a new round of talks was on hold. Trump asserted that Iran wanted the Strait of Hormuz open “so they can make 500 million dollars a day.” He further claimed that “Iran is collapsing financially!,” and is “starving for cash.” Iran’s Foreign Ministry spokesperson, Esmaeil Baghaei, stated that Tehran is yet to decide whether to participate in the new round of talks, as Washington “has shown disregard and lack of good faith.”
(“Day 53 of Middle East conflict - Trump extends ceasefire,” 22 April 2026, CNN. https://edition.cnn.com/2026/04/21/world/live-news/iran-war-us-trump-israel)
Iran: Tehran seizes and redirects two vessels in the Strait of Hormuz after attacks are halted
On April 22, Reuters reported that Iran seized two ships in the Strait of Hormuz after President Trump extended the ceasefire indefinitely. The Hindu also reported that one of the vessels was headed to Gujarat’s Mudra port while the second ship was Liberia-flagged Epaminoda. Iran's semi-official news agency Tasnim said that the Revolutionary Guards had seized two vessels for maritime violations and escorted them to the Iranian shores. This marks the first time Iran has seized ships since the war began in the last week of February. The Revolutionary Guard Corps Navy also cautioned that any act that may be considered a disruption to the order and safety in the strait would be considered a "red line”. Despite this, shipping executives at the FT Commodities Global Summit said that Asian shipowners may begin sailing through the Strait of Hormuz soon, amid a fragile U.S.-Iran ceasefire, as they have a higher tolerance for risk. They can likely also pay the tolls. This is unlike the western firms that are more inclined to comply with the sanctions that are imposed.
(“Iran seizes ships in Strait of Hormuz after Trump halts attacks,” Reuters, 22 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/us-will-indefinitely-extend-ceasefire-unclear-if-iran-agrees-2026-04-22/)
(“Asian shipowners to cross Hormuz before Western firms, executives say,” Reuters, 22 April 2026.
https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/asian-shipowners-cross-hormuz-before-western-firms-executives-say-2026-04-22/)
The US: Washington adopts Ukrainian counter-drone technology after Iranian strikes
On 22 April, Reuters reported that the United States military had begun using Ukrainian counter-drone technology at Prince Sultan Air Base in Saudi Arabia following the repeated Iranian drone and missile attacks on regional targets. The system, known as Sky Map, is a Ukrainian command and control platform designed to detect incoming drones and coordinate counterattacks using the interceptor drones. Ukrainian military personnel have recently arrived at the base to train US troops in operating this system. This move reflects Ukraine’s rapid advances in drone and counter-drone technologies developed during its war with Russia, where such systems have been widely used against Iranian-designed Shahed drones. Analysts noted that the adoption of Ukrainian technology also highlights gaps in US air and missile defence coverage. The base, which is located at about 640 kilometres from Iran, has faced several drone and missile attacks that damaged aircraft and infrastructure and resulted in casualties among US personnel.
(“Exclusive: US turns to Ukrainian counter-drone tech after Iran attacks, sources say,” Reuters, 22 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/business/aerospace-defense/us-turns-ukrainian-counter-drone-tech-after-iran-attacks-sources-say-2026-04-22/)
23 April 2026: Day 55
The US and Iran: Iran tightens control over the Strait following the collapse of peace talks; US forces interdict a sanctioned vessel in the Indian Ocean; Trump orders the US Navy to “shoot and kill any boat”
On 23 April, Reuters reported that Iran showed tightened control over the Strait of Hormuz after the collapse of peace talks. It released footage of commandos boarding commercial vessels, including the MSC Francesca, after claiming their seizure on 22 April. Iranian officials stated that ships crossing without permits had "faced the law.” The vice speaker of parliament also stated that the first revenue from the newly imposed transit tolls had been transferred to the central bank. Reuters reported that Iran has effectively restricted passage through the strait, linking any reopening to the lifting of the US blockade on its shipping.
Meanwhile, the BBC reported that US forces have interdicted a sanctioned vessel that is transporting oil from Iran, reflecting the continued enforcement efforts. According to the defence department: "US forces carried out a maritime interdiction and right-of-visit boarding of the sanctioned stateless vessel M/T Majestic X transporting oil from Iran in the Indian Ocean.” Further, President Trump stated on Truth Social that "I have ordered the United States Navy to shoot and kill any boat, small boats though they may be... that is putting mines in the waters of the Strait of Hormuz.” "There is to be no hesitation,” he added. In this backdrop, negotiations remain stalled, with Iranian officials refraining from sending a delegation over the US blockade, alongside other reasons, as highlighted by media reports.
("Iran shows off its control over strait after collapse of peace talks,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/iran-tightens-control-hormuz-after-us-calls-off-renewed-attacks-2026-04-23/) (“US boards ship carrying Iranian oil, as Trump orders navy to shoot any boat laying mines in strait,” BBC, 23 April 2026. https://www.bbc.com/news/live/c0mjev4kn9jt)
Global Fallouts: Thirty million people pushed into poverty due to supply chain disruption, says UNDP chief
On 23 April, Reuters reported that over 30 million people would be thrust back into poverty by the impacts of the war, largely due to disruptions to fuel and fertiliser supplies. The report cites the UN Development Chief Alexander De Croo, who stated that "Food insecurity will be at its peak level in a few months – and there is not much that you can do about it.” He added that the crisis has already wiped out an estimated 0.5 per cent to 0.8 per cent of global GDP. In another report, Reuters also highlighted that the global economy is showing increasing strain from the Iran war's energy shock, with factories facing soaring production costs and even the services sector weakening. The euro zone has emerged as one of the hardest hit regions, with its headline PMI dropping from 50.7 in March to 48.6 in April, its input price index soaring to 76.9 from 68.9, and its dominant services sector plummeting to 47.4 from 50.2. The disruption stems largely from Iran's closure of the Strait of Hormuz, which has cut off roughly 20 per cent of global oil supplies and significant LNG volumes. Beyond energy, the near-total halt of tanker traffic has disrupted global supplies of sulfur, helium crucial for semiconductor manufacturing, and fertilizer inputs, threatening food production. The IMF has responded by cutting its global growth forecast for 2026 to 3.1 per cent from 3.4 per cent. Paradoxically, some economies, including Japan, India, the UK and France, have reported short-term output increases as companies accelerate production to get ahead of anticipated supply chain disruptions, with Japan recording its strongest factory output expansion since 2014, though analysts warn this effect will be temporary.
(“Iran war impact seeps ever deeper into global economy,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/iran-war-impact-seeps-ever-deeper-into-global-economy-2026-04-23/)
24 April 2026: Day 56
The US-Iran Peace Talks: Foreign Minister Araqchi to join peace negotiations in Islamabad; Washington “not anxious” for a deal, says Pete Hegseth; US blockade of the Strait of Hormuz strengthens
On 24 April, Reuters reported that Iran’s Foreign Minister Abbas Araqchi is expected to join the peace negotiations in Islamabad. US Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth stated that Washington was “not anxious” for a deal with Iran and that "the ball is in [Iran's] court.” He asserted that Tehran has the chance to make a “good deal” if they abandon their nuclear weapons programme “in meaningful and verifiable ways.” Hegseth added that Washington’s blockade of the Strait of Hormuz is “growing and going global," and that no vessels will be allowed passage without US permission. US General Dan Cain stated that the US Command will maintain a strict blockade on all ports in Iran and is “prepared and postured to intercept” any transgressors. Thirty-four ships had been turned around so far, he said.
(“Iran's foreign minister to head to Islamabad, venue of US talks,” Reuters, 24 April 2026; “Pentagon chief Hegseth says US blockade on Iran going global,” Reuters, 24 April 2026
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/israel-lebanon-extend-ceasefire-trump-seeks-best-deal-with-iran-2026-04-24/
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/pentagon-chief-hegseth-says-iran-has-chance-make-good-deal-2026-04-24/)
Lebanon: Hezbollah lawmaker says that the ceasefire with Israel is meaningless after a three-week extension is announced
On 24 April, Reuters reported that Hezbollah said the ceasefire between Israel and Hezbollah was meaningless as Israel continued to attack southern Lebanon. The group also added that it had the right to respond to such aggression. These comments came one day after US President Donald Trump announced a three-week extension on 23 April, following a meeting with Lebanese and Israeli ambassadors in Washington. The ceasefire agreement was previously set for 10 days and was scheduled to expire on 26 April. Ali Fayyad, a Lebanese Member of Parliament from Hezbollah, stated that "the ceasefire is meaningless in light of Israel's insistence on hostile acts." Despite the ceasefire, exchanges between Hezbollah and Israel persist in southern Lebanon, where Israel has established a military presence in order to secure a buffer zone. Fayyad added that any Israeli aggression against Lebanese figures gave Hezbollah "the right to respond proportionately."
(“Hezbollah says ceasefire 'meaningless' as fighting continues in south,” Reuters, 24 April 2026
https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/hezbollah-mp-ceasefire-meaningless-light-israeli-attacks-2026-04-24/)
CHINA & EAST ASIA THIS WEEK
China and Taiwan: Aircraft Carrier transit highlights Taiwan Strait tensions
On 20 April 2026, Reuters reported that Taiwan’s defence ministry stated that China's aircraft carrier Liaoning sailed through the Taiwan Strait, reflecting the continuing tensions in the region. Taiwan stated that its military closely monitored the carrier and the vessels accompanying it during the transit to ensure the island’s security. An image released by Taiwan showed the aircraft carrier carrying several fighter jets and helicopters on its deck. The Liaoning, which is China’s first operational aircraft carrier, had earlier conducted several naval exercises near Japan’s southwestern islands.China claims sovereignty over Taiwan Strait, while both Taiwan and the United States consider it an international waterway. The strait remains a strategically sensitive waterway, as the United States and several allies sail through it to underline that the strait is an international waterway. This incident reflects the continuing security concerns and military activities in the region.
(“Chinese aircraft carrier sailed through Taiwan Strait, Taipei says,” Reuters, 20 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinese-aircraft-carrier-sailed-through-taiwan-strait-taipei-says-2026-04-20/)
China and Taiwan: President of Taiwan, cancels African trip to Eswatini, placing blame on Beijing’s added pressure
On 22 April, Reuters reported that the Taiwanese President, Lai Ching te on 21 April said that he had to cancel his trip to Africa this week. This was followed by his government accusing Beijing of pressurising three other African nations to revoke permission for his aircraft to fly over their respective territories. Presidential Office Secretary General Pan Meng-an said that the nations of Seychelles, Mauritius, and Madagascar unilaterally revoked flight permits for the presidential aircraft to cross their countries on his journey arbitrarily, without any prior warning. He was quoted as saying "The actual reason was the intense pressure exerted by Chinese authorities, including economic coercion," to a hastily called news conference in ?Taipei.
(“Taiwan president cancels Africa trip blaming Chinese pressure, 22 April 2026, Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-president-cancels-eswatini-trip-blames-chinese-pressure-african-countries
South China Sea: Beijing aims to expand the disputed South China Sea outpost
On 24 April, New York Times reported that China is rapidly constructing a large artificial island at Antelope Reef in the South China Sea, an area claimed by Vietnam and others. Satellite imagery shows major infrastructure, suggesting a future military outpost to extend China’s naval and air reach. The move may respond to Vietnam’s own buildup and perceived reduced U.S. deterrence. While Beijing calls it development, critics see it as strengthening control over disputed waters and escalating regional tensions.
(“How China Is Building Its Next Outpost at Sea,” New York Times, 24 April 2026. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2026/04/22/world/asia/south-china-sea-island.html)
China and Africa: Xi Jinping expresses willingness to work with African nations amidst the Middle Eastern crisis
On 21 April, Reuters reported that Chinese President Xi Jinping expressed his willingness to work with African nation states to address the effects of the ongoing conflict in the Middle East. This was mentioned during Xi Jinping’s meeting with the President of Mozambique, Daniel Chapo, in Beijing on 21 April as indicated by the reports in state media. Xi was quoted as saying "The spillover effects of the Middle East conflict are affecting African countries, and China is willing to work with local (countries) to respond ?together, promote peace together, and pursue development together," as per the state owned broadcaster CCTV. He ?urged China and African nations to jointly appeal for a ceasefire to ?end the hostilities of the conflict and to encourage the international community to practice what he termed as ?”genuine multilateralism”.
(“Xi says China is willing to work with Africa on Middle East conflict impact,” 22 April 2026, Reuters)
https://www.reuters.com/business/media-telecom/xi-says-china-is-willing-work-with-africa-middle-east-conflict-impact-2026-04-21/
China and Africa: China and Mozambique plan to map critical minerals in conflict affected region
On 25 April, South China Morning Post reported that China and Mozambique have agreed to jointly map critical mineral deposits in the resource rich northern region of Cabo Delgado, which has been affected by ongoing insurgency. The plan was announced after talks between Chinese President Xi Jinping and Mozambican President Daniel Chapo in Beijing. The survey will focus on key minerals such as graphite, lithium and rare earth elements, which are important for clean energy technologies. Mozambique is seeking Chinese investment and technical support to develop these resources while also strengthening security cooperation to manage risks in the region. However, the ongoing violence and instability in Cabo Delgado have disrupted major projects and displaced large numbers of people.The development highlights growing China Africa cooperation in critical minerals and reflects increasing global competition for resources needed for energy transition and industrial growth. (“China and Mozambique to map critical minerals in insurgency-hit Cabo Delgado,” South China Morning Post, 25 April 2026). https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3351346/china-and-mozambique-map-critical-minerals-insurgency-hit-cabo-delgado
China: Humanoid robot sets a world record for marathon
On 19 April, The New York Times reported that a humanoid robot named Lightning ran a half marathon race in Beijing in 50 minutes and 26 seconds faster than the human world record for the same distance. Lightning was designed by a Chinese smartphone brand Honor. It is designed on the basis of elite human athletes, with legs that are approximately three feet long. During the race this year many of the robots like Lightning, ran autonomously while the rest were operated by remote control. Alan Fern, a professor of robotics at the Oregon State University, said the results depicted more about the state of robot hardware manufacturing in China than about any major scientific breakthrough. According to the International Federation of Robotics, a nonprofit trade group for the makers of industrial robots, there are already more robots at work in China alone than the rest of the world combined.
(“It Was No Sweat: A Humanoid Robot Races to a Record Finish,” 19 April 2026)
https://www.nytimes.com/2026/04/19/world/asia/running-robot-sets-record.html
China: Beijing discovers new lunar minerals from Chang’e 5 samples
On 24 April, Global Times reported that Chinese scientists have discovered two new lunar minerals from samples collected during the Chang’e 5 mission, marking a major step in space research. The minerals named magnesiochangesite (Y) and changesite (Ce) have been officially recognised by the International Mineralogical Association. They are rare earth phosphate minerals found in lunar dust and have unique structures not seen on Earth. Scientists said the discovery helps improve understanding of the Moon’s formation, geological history and its chemical composition. The minerals are extremely small and were identified using advanced scientific techniques after detailed analysis of thousands of particles. Researchers also noted the differences between these samples and earlier Apollo mission samples, especially in rare earth elements. Their findings suggested that the Moon may have valuable rare earth resources which could be important for future space exploration and possible resource use. (“Chinese scientists discover rare-earth-rich new lunar minerals in Chang’e-5 mission samples,” Global Times, 24 April 2026). https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202604/1359684.shtml
China: Beijing launches new test satellites for internet technology
On 24 April, Xinhua reported that China launched a new set of test satellites from the Xichang Satellite Launch Center in Sichuan using a Long March 2D rocket. The satellites were successfully sent into their planned orbits after the launch at 2:35 pm Beijing time.The satellites will be used to test new internet technologies including direct satellite to phone broadband connectivity and better links between space and ground networks. These tests aim to improve communication systems and expand internet access through satellite technology. The launch also marked the 639th mission of the Long March series rockets showing China’s continued progress in space launches and technology development. The development reflects China’s growing focus on improving its space based communication systems and strengthening its position in the global space sector. (“China launches new test satellites for internet technology,” Global Times, 24 April 2026). https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202604/1359705.shtml
China: Island development push and naval display mark 77th anniversary amid disputes
On 23 April, Reuters reported that China called for accelerated development and strengthening of its 11,000 islands as part of a broader effort to reinforce maritime claims and governance amid ongoing territorial disputes. The directive, issued by the natural resources ministry, emphasised improving infrastructure, connectivity, and protection measures across these islands, reflecting a long-term strategy to enhance administrative and strategic presence in contested waters. The announcement coincided with the 77th anniversary of the Chinese navy, marked by a display of naval capabilities, including the deployment of an aircraft carrier. A video released ahead of the anniversary, titled Into the Deep, depicted fictional naval personnel whose names were linked to China’s existing aircraft carriers Liaoning, Shandong, and Fujian. It also introduced a 19-year-old recruit named “He Jian,” a name that phonetically resembles the term for “nuclear-powered vessel” in Mandarin. China currently operates three conventionally powered aircraft carriers designated 16, 17, and 18, and the mention of “19” in the video follows this numbering sequence, suggesting the possibility of an additional carrier. China has continued to invest in island construction and related infrastructure, particularly in disputed areas such as the South China Sea, despite ongoing territorial disputes in the region.
("China teases new aircraft carrier in video, vows to build up islands," Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-urges-further-build-up-islands-amid-territorial-disputes-2026-04-23/)
China: Naval drills near the Philippines highlight rising regional tensions
On 24 April, Reuters reported that China’s military carried out live fire exercises in waters east of the Philippines’ Luzon Island as part of ongoing military activities in the region. The drills conducted by the Southern Theatre Command included live-fire shooting, sea and air coordination, rapid manoeuvres, and maritime support operations to test joint combat capabilities. The Chinese military did not provide specific details on the exact timing or location of the drills but described them as part of regular training to improve operational readiness. The exercises come amid rising regional tensions, especially as the United States and the Philippines are conducting large joint military exercises nearby. Experts say that such activities reflect growing competition and security concerns in the region, particularly in the South China Sea and surrounding areas. The drills highlight China’s continued focus on strengthening its military coordination and preparedness in strategically important waters. (“China holds live-fire drills in waters near Luzon as US, Philippines stage war games,” Reuters, 24 April 2026
https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-holds-live-fire-drills-waters-near-philippines-luzon-island-2026-04-24/)
Hong Kong: Government moves to take assets worth USD 16 million linked to Jimmy Lai
On 21 April, Reuters reported that the Hong Kong government is seeking to seize more than HKD 127 million (around USD 16 million) in assets linked to jailed media tycoon and pro-democracy activist Jimmy Lai. According to a High Court document, the assets include deposits in more than 50 bank accounts, several factory properties, and shareholdings in private companies connected to Lai. A major portion of the assets includes shares in two companies, Comitex Holdings and Dico Consultants, valued at over HKD 71.3 million. Authorities are also seeking to confiscate HKD 12 million in bail money provided by Lai. The request has been made under provisions of the national security law imposed by Beijing in 2020, which allows the government to freeze and seize assets related to national security offences. Lai, the founder of the now-closed Apple Daily newspaper and a prominent critic of Beijing, was sentenced to 20 years in prison in February for colluding with foreign forces and publishing seditious material. The court is scheduled to hear the asset seizure case on 8 July. (“Hong Kong government seeks to seize $16 million from jailed tycoon Jimmy Lai,” Reuters, 21 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/hong-kong-government-seeks-seize-16-million-jailed-tycoon-jimmy-lai-2026-04-21/
Japan: Tokyo revises defence export rules
On 21 April, Reuters reported that Japan had announced its biggest overhaul of defence export rules in decades, allowing Japanese companies to sell weapons such as warships, missiles, and other military equipment abroad. The policy change relaxes several long-standing restrictions and permits the export of defence equipment after individual government review. However, Japan will continue to prohibit arms transfers to countries directly involved in active conflicts, except when exports are considered necessary for its national security. The move is intended to strengthen Japan’s domestic defence industry and expand security cooperation with allies. Countries including the United States, Germany, and the Philippines have welcomed the decision, seeing new opportunities for defence cooperation and equipment transfers. The change also comes at a time when global demand for weapons has increased due to ongoing conflicts such as the war in Ukraine and instability in the Middle East, which have strained global arms supply chains. The policy change also reflects Japan’s efforts to boost domestic defence production and sustain its expanding military capacity by accessing overseas markets. (“Japan opens door to global arms market with biggest export rule change in decades,” Reuters, 21 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/world/china/japan-opens-door-global-arms-market-with-biggest-export-rule-change-decades-2026-04-21/
SOUTHEAST ASIA THIS WEEK
The Philippines and the US: Annual joint maritime exercise launched to test Manila’s readiness in “real-world conditions across all domains”
On 20 April, Philippine armed forces chief Romeo Brawner launched the annual 18-day maritime exercise, “Balikatan,” along with the US and other allies. The exercise is the largest to date in terms of participating countries, featuring Australia’s return along with the first-time active participation of Canada, France, New Zealand, and Japan. Philippine and US forces will carry out maritime strike exercises on a remote Philippine island close to Taiwan during annual joint drills, designed to assess Manila’s readiness in “real-world conditions across all domains.” The drills will feature precision strike and interdiction operations in Philippine coastal waters, as well as integrated air and missile defence exercises, multinational maritime operations and counter-landing live-fire drills. The exercise would also involve over 17,000 troops, including 10,000 US troops, and a display of Manila’s newly acquired Philippine hardware, such as the BrahMos missiles and allied capabilities, including Japan's Type 88 anti?ship missile, Reuters reported.
Myanmar and Thailand: Bangkok to engage diplomatically amid ongoing crisis
On 20 April, The Irrawaddy reported that Thailand’s Foreign Minister is scheduled to visit Myanmar, signalling continued regional diplomatic engagement despite the ongoing conflict. Reports indicate that the visit aims to address issues related to border stability, humanitarian concerns, and bilateral cooperation. Observers note that such engagement reflects the broader regional approach of maintaining dialogue with Myanmar’s military leadership while balancing concerns over the country’s political and humanitarian crisis. The development highlights the role of neighbouring countries in managing the conflict's spillover effects.
(“Thai foreign minister to visit Myanmar this week,” The Irrawaddy, 20 April 2026. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/asia/thai-foreign-minister-to-visit-myanmar-this-week-2.html)
Myanmar and Russia: Expands energy cooperation with Moscow in efforts to strengthen supply security
On 22 April, according to Mizzima, Myanmar’s military-led administration signed a long-term energy cooperation agreement with Russia to secure crude oil and petroleum supplies. The deal includes discounted imports such as LNG, LPG, and fertilisers, along with logistical and quality assurances. The report noted plans to expand cooperation in the electricity and energy sectors, including projects such as an oil refinery, an LNG terminal, and a coal-fired power plant. Officials also indicated ambitions to position Myanmar as a regional energy hub, with potential re-exports to China and Thailand. The agreement reflects Myanmar’s growing reliance on external partnerships to address energy needs amid economic and geopolitical pressures.
(“Myanmar and Russia sign long-term energy deal as Naypyidaw aims to become regional ‘energy hub’,” Mizzima, 22 April 2026. https://eng.mizzima.com/2026/04/22/33363)
Myanmar and China: Beijing increases diplomatic engagement with the military regime
On 23 April, according to Irrawaddy, China intensified diplomatic engagement with Myanmar’s military-led administration. Reports indicate that Beijing aims to safeguard its strategic and economic interests while maintaining influence amid ongoing conflict. Observers note that China’s approach reflects a pragmatic strategy focused on regional stability, infrastructure development, and connectivity. Continued engagement highlights the role of major powers in shaping Myanmar’s political trajectory despite persistent instability. The development also underscores how external actors prioritise strategic interests, even as the internal conflict remains unresolved and humanitarian conditions continue to deteriorate.
(“China launches diplomatic offensive to support new Myanmar regime,” The Irrawaddy, 23 April 2026. https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/myanmar-china-watch/china-launches-diplomatic-offensive-to-support-new-myanmar-regime.html)
Myanmar: Martial law imposed in 60 townships amid ongoing conflict
On 24 April, Reuters reported that Myanmar’s military-backed government has imposed martial law in 60 townships through new emergency orders issued by leader Min Aung Hlaing. This move aims to strengthen military control and improve security in areas still affected by conflict, even after the country’s recent political transition. The measures cover several regions and states, including Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Shan and Rakhine, as well as Sagaing, Magway and Mandalay, where fighting and instability have continued since the 2021 coup. Experts say that this decision highlights the government’s continued reliance on military power to manage unrest. It also reflects the ongoing challenges in restoring stability as the country remains affected by armed conflict and political tensions. The move signals that security concerns remain high despite efforts to present a shift toward civilian governance.
(“Myanmar’s military backed government imposes martial law in 60 townships,” Reuters, 24 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/myanmars-military-backed-government-imposes-martial-law-60-townships-2026-04-24/
SOUTH ASIA THIS WEEK
Nepal: Tourism sector takes a hit amid ongoing tensions in West Asia
On 21 April, Kathmandu Post reported that escalating tensions in West Asia have sharply impacted Nepal’s tourism industry, triggering widespread cancellations across major destinations like Pokhara, Chitwan, and Lumbini. Hotel occupancy in Pokhara has dropped to around 50 per cent from the usual 80 per cent, with 30 to 40 per cent of bookings from Europe and the US cancelled and new bookings nearly halted. In Lumbini, up to 60 per cent of foreign reservations were cancelled, while Chitwan reported 20 to 25 per cent cancellations along with significant no-shows. Travel disruptions through Gulf transit hubs, rising airfares, and safety concerns are the primary causes. Indian tourists now account for nearly half of hotel occupancy, supported by domestic travellers, while Chinese arrivals show slight growth. In Bardiya and Karnali, rising fuel costs have further reduced tourist movement and spending. Overall, stakeholders warn that if geopolitical instability continues, Nepal’s tourism sector may face a prolonged downturn similar to the Covid-19 period.
("West Asia tensions hit Nepal’s tourism hard as bookings tumble," The Kathmandu Post, 21 April 2026.
https://kathmandupost.com/money/2026/04/21/west-asia-tensions-hit-nepal-s-tourism-hard-as-bookings-tumble)
Nepal: Beijing flags concerns over Washington’s expectations from Kathmandu
On 23 April, according to The Kathmandu Post, the geopolitical rivalry between China and the United States played out as both sides held parallel diplomatic meetings in Kathmandu. US Assistant Secretary Samir Paul Kapur met Foreign Minister Shisir Khanal and Finance Minister Swarnim Wagle, while Chinese official Cao Jing met Foreign Secretary Amrit Bahadur Rai. Beijing raised concerns over the Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) Nepal Compact, the State Partnership Program, and Starlink. Kapur promoted US investment and urged Nepal to issue identity cards to Tibetan refugees, a request Nepal has not granted since 1995. China opposed such moves and warned against engagement with the Tibetan government-in-exile. China also proposed holding a bilateral consultative meeting in June. Meanwhile, no formal decision has been made on extending the MCC deadline beyond 2028.
("US, China push competing priorities in Kathmandu," The Kathmandu Post, 23 April 2026. https://kathmandupost.com/national/2026/04/23/us-china-push-competing-priorities-in-kathmandu)
Bhutan Opinion:
Ugyen Dorji, "The cost of opportunity: Children bear emotional toll of parental migration," Kuensel, 18 April 2026
"The steady outflow of Bhutanese parents seeking opportunities abroad, particularly in Australia, has opened new economic pathways for families. But for the children left behind, it is also creating a quieter, more complex crisis, marked by deep-seated feelings of abandonment, anxiety, and a fractured sense of identity. Across the country, a growing number of children are being raised by grandparents or extended family members, giving rise to what experts describe as a "transnational childhood". While remittances support household incomes, the psychological cost of prolonged parental absence is becoming increasingly evident."
https://kuenselonline.com/news/the-cost-of-opportunity-children-bear-emotional-toll-of-parental-migration
Bhutan: Cordyceps harvest season threatens community harmony
On 22 April, according to Kuensel, a conflict emerging in Bhutan’s highland regions over the lucrative harvest of cordyceps, a high-value fungus that serves as a major source of income for local communities. The short harvesting season and rising market value have intensified competition, leading to disputes over access to collection areas. Tensions have been reported between gewogs (village blocks) and among collectors, largely due to unclear boundaries and weak enforcement of regulations. Although the government issues permits and sets restrictions, monitoring remains difficult in remote regions. The growing economic dependence on cordyceps for household expenses and education has further raised the stakes. These conflicts threaten community harmony and raise concerns about overharvesting and sustainability. In response, local authorities are attempting negotiations and calling for clearer demarcation of harvesting zones, improved regulation, and stronger conflict management to ensure both livelihoods and long-term resource conservation are protected.
("Conflict brews in the highlands over lucrative cordyceps harvest," Kuensel, 22 April 2026. https://kuenselonline.com/news/conflict-brews-in-the-highlands-over-lucrative-cordyceps-harvest)
Bangladesh: Bangladeshi ship denied passage through the Strait of Hormuz again
On 18 April, The Dhaka Tribune reported that the Bangladesh Shipping Corporation vessel MV Banglar Joyjatra was again denied passage through the Strait of Hormuz after a second attempt was halted by Iranian authorities. The ship, carrying 31 crew members, had departed from near Sharjah port and entered the strait around 23:50 hours, but was stopped shortly after. At around 00:30 hours, Iranian naval forces instructed all vessels to shut down engines and halt movement, stating that no ship would be allowed to proceed without permission from the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Officials said the vessel had attempted to cross without explicit clearance, following other commercial ships, and is now awaiting further instructions.
("Bangladeshi ship denied passage through Hormuz Strait again," Dhaka Tribune, 18 April 2026)
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/power-energy/408019/bangladeshi-ship-denied-passage-through-hormuz
Bangladesh: Doctors urge measles outbreak to be declared an epidemic
On 18 April, The Dhaka Tribune reported that health experts have urged the government to officially declare the ongoing measles outbreak as an epidemic amid rising infections and deaths. Doctors warned that the continued spread of the disease and increasing pressure on healthcare facilities require urgent policy action. According to recent health data, thousands of suspected cases have been reported nationwide, with children being the most affected group. Experts highlighted that delays in vaccination, gaps in immunisation coverage, and high transmission rates have contributed to the surge. They emphasised that declaring an epidemic would enable stronger coordination, resource mobilisation, and faster response measures.
("Doctors urge measles outbreak be declared an epidemic," Dhaka Tribune, 18 April 2026)
https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/health/408051/doctors-urge-measles-outbreak-be-declared
Bangladesh: Dhaka sends emergency medical aid to Iran
On 23 April, according to the Dhaka Tribune, Bangladesh sent emergency medical assistance to Iran amid the ongoing conflict in the region. The aid was delivered through the Bangladesh Red Crescent Society as part of humanitarian support efforts. Officials stated that the initiative reflects Bangladesh’s commitment to international cooperation and assistance during crises. Iran acknowledged and appreciated the support, highlighting continued bilateral engagement between the two countries.
("Bangladesh sends emergency medical aid to Iran," Dhaka Tribune, 23 April 2026. https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/408461/bangladesh-sends-emergency-medical-aid-to-iran)
Bangladesh
Opinion: Aklakur Rahman Akash, "13 years after Rana Plaza, the dead are mourned and the living still suffer," The Daily Star, 24 April 2026
"Like her, hundreds of families and injured workers continue to live with loss, pain and uncertainty, as justice and proper compensation remain out of reach more than a decade after one of the country’s deadliest industrial disasters. Survivors and families of victims say none of their demands have been fully met. Despite a prolonged struggle seeking justice, compensation and rehabilitation, victims' families and survivors allege that their calls have gone largely unanswered."
https://www.thedailystar.net/news/bangladesh/news/13-years-after-rana-plaza-the-dead-are-mourned-and-the-living-still-suffer-4159476
Maldives: India clears new currency swap support to ease financial pressures
On 24 April, according to The Sun, India, the SAARC framework approved a new currency swap facility worth INR 30 billion (approximately USD 319 million) for the Maldives, aimed at supporting foreign exchange liquidity. The move follows the Maldives’ repayment of a previous USD 400 million swap, reflecting continued financial cooperation between the two countries.
(“India clears USD 319m swap for Maldives,” Sun Online, 23 April 2026. https://english.sun.mv/104855)
Pakistan and Sudan: Islamabad suspends USD 1.5 billion weapons agreement with Khartoum following Saudi objection
On 20 April, a Reuters exclusive report stated that Pakistan placed on hold a USD 1.5 billion agreement to supply weapons and aircraft to Sudan after Saudi Arabia withdrew its financial backing and requested that the deal be halted. The agreement, which had progressed significantly, supported by Saudi financing, was suspended after Riyadh decided not to proceed with funding the purchase. Saudi Arabia’s decision followed engagements with Sudanese military officials and came amid external pressure discouraging further involvement in the conflict. Saudi Arabia, a key ally and financial supporter of Pakistan, has reportedly been supporting Sudan’s army, while the United Arab Emirates has been accused of supporting opposing forces, a claim it denies. Additionally, another proposed defence agreement valued at USD 4 billion between Pakistan and Libya’s National Army is reportedly under review as Saudi Arabia reassesses its position. Neither Pakistani nor Saudi authorities have issued official statements regarding the suspension.
Pakistan and Egypt: Both sides conclude joint counter-terrorism exercise Thunder-II
On 20 April, Dawn reported that Pakistan and Egypt concluded a two-week joint military exercise, Thunder-II, at the Special Operations School in Cherat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, according to the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR). The exercise involved combat teams from Pakistan Army's Special Services Group (SSG) and Egyptian Special Forces, and was designed to enhance interoperability through joint training in counter-terrorism drills and techniques. The closing ceremony was attended by the General Officer Commanding SSG and Egyptian Paratroopers Commander Major General Mohamed Saad Abdel Razik. ISPR noted that the exercise further strengthened longstanding military-to-military relations between the two countries.
("Pakistan, Egypt conclude 2-week long counter-terrorism exercise: ISPR," Dawn, 20 April 2026)
Pakistan: Islamabad successfully tests indigenous air-launched missile
On 21 April, The News International and Dawn reported that the Pakistan Navy announced a successful test of the indigenously developed Taimoor air-launched cruise missile, with the Inter-Services Public Relations (ISPR) describing it as a “powerful demonstration of precision strike capability and operational readiness”. The anti-ship missile “executed its mission with exceptional precision,” validating the Pakistan Navy’s ability to detect and neutralise maritime threats at extended ranges, the statement said. It further added the test marked “a pivotal elevation of national defence capability,” strengthening a “multi-dimensional coordinated strike posture”. Interior Minister Mohsin Naqvi, President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif praised scientists and engineers for achieving a “significant milestone” in indigenous weapons development.
(“Pakistan Navy successfully tests Taimoor Missile in 'precision strike demonstration',” The News International, 21 April 2026)
Pakistan: Islamabad continues diplomatic push as Islamabad Talks still uncertain
On 24 April, according to the News International and the Express Tribune, uncertainty continues to cloud the anticipated second round of talks between the United States and Iran in Islamabad, with no formal confirmation from Tehran yet. A diplomatic source said progress was “still awaited”, though Islamabad remains cautiously optimistic, stressing that “worldly efforts” are ongoing behind the scenes. Pakistan continues to position itself as a facilitator, engaging both sides to encourage dialogue. Meanwhile, tensions in the Strait of Hormuz persist, with US President Donald Trump warning, “The clock is ticking!” even as conflicting signals emerge over timelines and negotiations.
(“US-Iran talks date still awaited as Pakistan’s push for dialogue continues,” The News International, 24 April 2026)
Pakistan and China: Beijing reaffirms support for Islamabad’s sovereignty at the 75th anniversary of bilateral ties
On 24 April, according to The News International, Chinese Consul General in Lahore, Sun Yan, addressed a certificate distribution ceremony at the Civil Services Academy and reaffirmed China's firm support for Pakistan's sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity, describing bilateral relations as an "All-weather Strategic Cooperative Partnership." Sun noted that 2026 marks the 75th anniversary of diplomatic relations, with Pakistan having been the first Islamic country to establish ties with the People's Republic of China. On CPEC, he highlighted over USD 25 billion in direct investment, adding 510 kilometres of highways, generating 8,200 megawatts of electricity, and laying 886 kilometres of transmission lines. ("China reaffirms firm support for Pak sovereignty, independence, territorial integrity," The News International, 24 April 2026)
Sri Lanka: Economic rebound will take a hit amidst geopolitical tensions, causing a surge in oil prices, says the World Bank
On 21 April, the Daily Mirror reported that, according to the World Bank’s findings, Sri Lanka’s post-crisis recovery is slowing, with growth projected to ease from 5 per cent in 2025 to 3.6 per cent in 2026, before a modest rise to 3.8 per cent in 2027. Earlier, the growth was driven by consumption and remittances, while future expansion will rely on investment and reconstruction after the Cyclone Ditwah. However, high energy costs, structural constraints, and external risks pose challenges exacerbated by the ongoing US-Iran war. Despite the fiscal improvements and stabilising banks, high debt, borrowing costs, and global uncertainties tend to leave the economy vulnerable to external shocks in a globalised world.
(“SL’s rebound fades into slower growth as energy costs, structural gaps weigh: WB,” 21 April 2026)
https://www.dailymirror.lk/business-main/SLs-rebound-fades-into-slower-growth-as-energy-costs-structural-gaps-weigh-WB/245-338241
Sri Lanka: UN urges Colombo to deliver concrete findings in the Easter Sunday bombing probe
On 22 April, according to The Island, the United Nations has urged Sri Lanka to deliver concrete results following the long-running investigations into the 2019 Eater Sunday suicide bombings that resulted in the demise of 279 people. UN’s top envoy to Sri Lanka, Marc-Andre Franche, said that the survivors and the families of victims are still awaiting answers. At the remembrance service in Colombo, he was quoted as saying, "Public commitments by the government to pursue justice are important and must be welcomed, but what matters now is results.”
(“UN wants Sri Lanka to deliver concrete results in Easter Sunday bombing probe,” 22 April 2026, The Island. http://island.lk/un-wants-sri-lanka-to-deliver-concrete-results-in-easter-sunday-bombing-probe/)
Sri Lanka: Hambantota Port records handling of the highest single vessel container
On 24 April, according to The Island,, the Hambantota International Port achieved its highest-ever single-vessel container volume with the MSC Marie Leslie, marking a major operational milestone. The port handled 13,260 TEUs and 7,968 container moves during the vessel’s stay, surpassing previous records set earlier in 2026. This development reinforces Hambantota Port’s growing role as an emerging regional hub for containerised cargo.
(Hambantota port sets new record,” The Island, 24 April 2026. http://island.lk/hambantora-port-sets-new-record/)
Afghanistan: EU plans technical talks with Taliban in Brussels on migrant deportations
On 21 April, Afghanistan International reported that the European Union is planning to invite a Taliban delegation to Brussels for discussions on the return of Afghan migrants, although no formal invitation has yet been issued. Diplomatic sources indicated that the proposed visit, involving a technical-level delegation, aims to address deportation mechanisms, including flight logistics, Kabul airport capacity and the treatment of returnees. The initiative, coordinated by the European Commission and member states, follows earlier engagements with the Taliban despite the bloc not formally recognising its administration. The EU is seeking to return rejected asylum seekers, with several countries already pursuing deportations, raising concerns among human rights organisations.
(“EU Plans Brussels Talks With Taliban On Deportation Of Afghan Migrants,” Afghanistan International, 21 April 2026)
https://www.afintl.com/en/202604211226
Afghanistan: Mass deportations from Pakistan raise rights concerns amid tightening refugee policies
On 22 April, according to Afghanistan International, the Human Rights Watch warned of a sharp escalation in deportations of Afghan refugees from Pakistan, with more than 146,000 returned in 2026 alone. The report detailed patterns of arbitrary arrests, detention during routine activities and alleged police abuses, including extortion and confiscation of belongings, even among individuals holding valid visas. It noted that the crackdown has intensified following border tensions with the Taliban and the suspension of residency document extensions, increasing insecurity among Afghan migrants. The organisation also highlighted risks faced by deportees, including journalists and activists, who may be exposed to persecution upon return.
(“Pakistan Increases Deportation Of Afghans, Says Human Rights Watch,” Afghanistan International, 22 April 2026. https://www.afintl.com/en/202604225429)
Afghanistan and Pakistan: Taliban offer conditional assurance on drone activity amid heightened regional tensions
On 22 April, according to Afghanistan International, Taliban sources indicated that the group has assured Pakistan it will not permit drone operations from Afghan territory that could threaten Islamabad’s security, with the message reportedly conveyed through China. The assurance comes amid heightened sensitivity in Pakistan’s internal security environment and preparations for diplomatic engagements, including possible US-Iran-related talks. Sources said Pakistan warned that its situation remains “highly sensitive” and that even minor miscalculations could trigger a strong response. The Taliban’s commitment was described as conditional, dependent on Pakistan halting airstrikes, shelling and cross-border attacks.
(“Taliban Assure Pakistan Afghan Territory Won’t Be Used For Drone Attacks,” Afghanistan International, 22 April 2026. https://www.afintl.com/en/202604229772 )
Afghanistan: Conflict between Taliban and Pakistan disrupts education
On 24 April, according to Afghanistan International, clashes between the Taliban and Pakistan disrupted schooling for around 12,000 Afghan students in border areas, according to the United Nations. Many children have been displaced or are unable to attend school, with some forced from their homes. In Kunar Province, villages have been emptied of children, and at least 22 schools have been damaged or destroyed, requiring reconstruction, as reported by Agence France-Presse. A local headteacher said students are now out of school after their building was destroyed. Thousands of residents have been displaced and are living in poor conditions along the Kunar River, with families in tents and children deprived of education. The United Nations Assistance Mission in Afghanistan reported hundreds of civilian deaths, while tensions between Pakistan and the Taliban continue.
("Taliban-Pakistan Conflict Disrupt Education Of 12,000 Afghan Students," Afghanistan International, 24 April 2026. https://www.afintl.com/en/202604244525)
MIDDLE EAST THIS WEEK
Turkey and the US: Ankara warns of 'destructive' potential withdrawal by Washington from the European security architecture
On 18 April, Reuters reported that Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan said discussions are underway on managing a potential withdrawal of the US from Europe’s security architecture. Further cautioning, it could be “destructive” if uncoordinated. Speaking at a forum in Antalya, he urged allies to prepare for reduced US involvement while using upcoming NATO talks to reset ties with Washington. Furthermore, Fidan also criticised divisions within NATO, accusing EU members of acting independently. Meanwhile, NATO chief Mark Rutte acknowledged US frustrations, as reports suggest Donald Trump has considered reducing US troop presence in Europe.
The War in Gaza: Board of Peace advances Gaza reconstruction discussions; Gaza municipal elections to test Hamas’ public support
On 22 April, Reuters reported that representatives of US President Donald Trump’s “Board of Peace” (BOP) had met with Dubai-based logistics company DP World to discuss potential involvement in Gaza’s reconstruction. The talks explored a possible partnership in which DP World would manage logistics and supply chains for goods entering Gaza, including humanitarian aid and commercial cargo through warehousing, cargo tracking and security systems. Discussions also examined proposals to build a new port either in Gaza or along Egypt’s Mediterranean coast and to establish a free-trade zone to support economic recovery. Meanwhile, BOP envoy Nickolay Mladenov stated that negotiations on the Gaza peace plan must move quickly despite challenges in talks with Hamas. The proposal, supported by the UN Security Council, includes the disarmament of militant groups, the withdrawal of Israeli troops and the launch of large-scale reconstruction efforts. Gaza’s rebuilding is estimated to cost more than USD 70 billion after two years of conflict severely damaged infrastructure.
Separately, Reuters reported that residents of Deir al-Balah are preparing to vote in municipal elections, marking one of the first local electoral exercises in Gaza in many years. The vote is seen as an indicator of public sentiment toward Hamas, which has governed the territory since 2007. Although Hamas has officially boycotted the election due to disagreements with the Palestinian Authority (PA) over the voting framework, several candidates perceived as pro-Hamas are contesting. Around 70,000 eligible voters are expected to participate. Analysts say the results may offer a rare indication of Hamas’s grassroots support after the devastating conflict that began with the group’s 2023 attack on Israel. The elections are also viewed as part of broader efforts by the PA to maintain political continuity and include Gaza in the wider Palestinian political process.
Turkey: Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan to visit London to discuss the wars in Iran and Ukraine
On 22 April, Reuters reported that Turkey’s foreign minister, Hakan Fidan, will visit London for a two-day visit starting on 23 April to discuss the wars in Ukraine and Iran. He will also discuss cooperation among NATO members. Turkey also hosted a diplomatic forum which was attended by delegations from Iran, Ukraine, and several other nations from the Middle East, Central Asia, South America and Europe. Mr Fidan's visit follows an announcement by the UK government which said that military planners from more than thirty countries will hold two-day talks in London to reopen the Strait of Hormuz. Mr Fidan has warned of several complexities with this mission, which was endorsed by over a dozen countries last week. During his visit, Mr Fidan is expected to repeat Turkey's commitment and readiness to contribute to efforts in ending the Ukraine war. He is also expected to request the UK to finalise its free trade agreement with Turkey, with an emphasis on advancing defence and energy cooperation.
Israel and Lebanon: Beirut seeks ceasefire extension and UN presence
On 23 April, Reuters reported that Lebanon will seek an extension of the ongoing ceasefire with Israel during US-hosted talks in Washington, as the current truce is set to expire. Lebanese officials stated that extending the ceasefire is necessary to reduce violence and create conditions for broader negotiations. The talks involving envoys from both sides are part of a rare direct engagement aimed at managing tensions between Israel and Hezbollah. Lebanon is expected to raise concerns over Israeli military actions in southern areas and push for issues such as Israeli withdrawal, detainee returns and border arrangements in future discussions. Hezbollah supports extending the ceasefire but opposes direct negotiations, while Israel aims to weaken Hezbollah and improve security. At the same time, the United Nations is considering maintaining a continued though smaller presence in Lebanon after the UNIFIL mission ends in December 2026. Ongoing consultations are expected to lead to recommendations to the UN Security Council by June. Renewed violence since March 2026 and rising instability have increased concerns about the fragile ceasefire. Lebanon has said it prefers the UN to remain, even in a smaller role, to avoid a possible security vacuum, despite financial challenges affecting UN peacekeeping operations.
(“Lebanon to seek ceasefire extension in US-hosted talks with Israel,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/lebanon-seek-ceasefire-extension-us-hosted-talks-with-israel-2026-04-23/; “UN weighs continued Lebanon presence after peacekeeping mission ends,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/middle-east/un-weighs-continued-lebanon-presence-after-peacekeeping-mission-ends-2026-04-23/)
AFRICA THIS WEEK
Tanzania: Tanzania’s President promises reform after deadly post-election violence
On 24 April, Africa News reported that Tanzania’s President Samia Suluhu Hassan pledged constitutional reforms following post-election violence in Tanzania that left 518 people dead and at least 2000 injured, according to a government commission. The opposition disputed the findings, calling them “an attempt to whitewash the regime’s crimes”. Hassan said the report would guide amendments and announced plans for a reconciliation commission and a criminal investigative body to probe unrest, including disappearances and alleged abductions, with over 200 people still unaccounted for. “Chaos erupted but did not solve our problems,” she said. The violence followed the disputed October 2025 election, which critics said fell short of being free and fair. (“Tanzania vows constitutional reform following post-election bloodshed,” Africa News, 24 April 2026)
The DRC and M23: Both sides agree on humanitarian measures
On 19 April, Al Jazeera reported that talks between the Democratic Republic of the Congo government and M23 rebels resulted in agreements to ease aid access, release prisoners within 10 days, and avoid targeting civilians, according to a joint statement shared by the United States Department of State. The measures, reached after five days of negotiations in Switzerland, also include the creation of a ceasefire monitoring mechanism to verify compliance and build confidence. Despite a US-brokered peace deal in December, fighting has continued in eastern DRC, particularly in South Kivu, where humanitarian conditions remain dire. Rights groups, including Human Rights Watch, have accused both sides of blocking aid and restricting civilian movement. Mediators, including Qatar, Switzerland, and the African Union, are pushing for sustained progress amid a conflict that has persisted for decades. (“DRC government, M23 rebels commit to protect civilians, aid deliveries,” Al Jazeera, 19 April 2026)
The DRC and the US: Washington considers sending 1000 Afghan allies to DR Congo, according to NYT
On 22 April, Africa News reported that the administration of Donald Trump is considering relocating more than 1,000 Afghan allies to the Democratic Republic of the Congo instead of the United States, according to the New York Times and to the AfghanEvac non-profit. The proposal involves up to 1,100 Afghans currently stranded in Qatar, many of whom worked with US forces during the Afghanistan war, including interpreters and their families. Over 400 are children, and many have already spent more than a year awaiting resettlement. The move follows the suspension of a programme that previously allowed their entry into the US. Advocacy groups argue that around 900 are already eligible for resettlement and urge Washington to admit them, warning that sending them to a conflict-affected country risks further instability and raises humanitarian concerns. (“US considers sending 1,100 Afghans to DR Congo amid resettlement halt,” Africa News, 22 April 2026)
The DRC: Hundreds of Congolese refugees repatriated from Burundi
On 24 April, Africa News reported that hundreds of refugees from the Democratic Republic of Congo were voluntarily repatriated from Burundi’s Busuma camp in Buhumuza Province, amid ongoing conflict in eastern Congo. Many cited harsh living conditions, with one returnee saying, “there are diseases…it’s hard to get water and food; it’s a real mess.” The repatriation, organised by the UNHCR, remains strictly voluntary, with officials stressing that only those able to return to relatively secure areas are eligible. The camp hosts tens of thousands displaced by fighting involving the M23, which has driven mass displacement across the region, with over 100,000 refugees in Burundi alone. (“Hundreds of Congolese refugees voluntarily repatriated from Burundi,” Africa News, 24 April 2026)
Equatorial Guinea: Pope Leo concludes Africa tour
On 24 April, Africa News reported that Pope Leo XIV concluded his first major international tour with an open-air mass in Equatorial Guinea, attended by around 30,000 people. Throughout his 11-day visit across four African nations, the pope called for social justice, respect for human dignity, and better treatment of prisoners, criticising inequality and the exploitation of resources by “tyrants.” His remarks drew criticism from US President Donald Trump, who labelled him “very weak” and “wrong” over his stance on the Iran conflict. The pope dismissed suggestions of a direct response, saying he had no interest in engaging politically. His visit included a stop at the notorious Bata prison, highlighting concerns over human rights and prison conditions in the country. (“Pope Leo departs Equatorial Guinea after wrapping up 11-day trip to Africa,” Africa News, 24 April 2026)
The Sahel: Rift deepens in Sahel as Mali & Niger accuse neighbours of backing militants
On 23 April, Africa News reported that tensions in West Africa escalated as Mali and Niger accused neighbouring states and foreign actors of supporting armed groups in the Sahel. Speaking at a forum in Senegal, Mali’s foreign minister alleged some states were “harbouring” militants, while Niger’s counterpart said certain partners were “fuelling and sustaining” violence, later pointing to France. The accusations come as Mali, Niger, and Burkina Faso deepen their break from ECOWAS after recent coups, forming a separate alliance. Despite rising rhetoric, Mali signalled that limited cooperation with ECOWAS remains possible, even as jihadist violence continues to destabilise the region. (“Mali and Niger accuse neighbours of backing terrorism in Sahel rift,” Africa News, 23 April 2026)
Sudan: Sudanese military chief meets Saudi Prince Salman in Jeddah
On 20 April, Africa News reported that Sudanese military chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan arrived in Jeddah for talks with Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman as Sudan’s civil war entered its fourth year. Discussions focused on ensuring Sudan’s “security and stability and preserving its sovereignty,” according to the Saudi Press Agency. Saudi Arabia has backed the Sudanese Armed Forces against the Rapid Support Forces and remains a key mediator alongside the US, Egypt and the United Arab Emirates - the latter is accused of supporting the RSF. Economic ties remain significant, with bilateral trade at USD eight billion and Saudi investments exceeding USD 35 billion, largely in agriculture, even as conflict continues to destabilise the country. (“Sudan's military chief meets Saudi Crown Prince in Jeddah,” Africa News, 20 April 2026)
Nigeria and Turkiye: Both sides sign defence cooperation pact
On 20 April, Africa News reported that Nigeria and Türkiye signed a defence cooperation agreement aimed at tackling Nigeria’s 17-year jihadist insurgency. Defence chief Christopher Musa said, “We have agreed to move into training, production, improving on our defence industry cooperation,” following talks with Ya?ar Güler at the Antalya Diplomacy Forum. The deal includes sending 200 Nigerian special forces to Turkey for training and establishing a military training facility in Nigeria, alongside cooperation in intelligence, surveillance, and technology transfer. Abuja is seeking to diversify security partnerships amid threats from Boko Haram, Islamic State West Africa Province, and armed bandits, while reducing reliance on Western allies. (“Turkey to train 200 Nigerian special forces soldiers under new defence deal,” Africa News, 20 April 2026)
Mozambique and China: Mozambique President visits China; signs agreements in green energy and biomedicine
On 20 April, Africa News reported that Mozambique President Daniel Chapo visited industrial hubs in Changsha during his first state visit to China, seeking to boost infrastructure and technology transfer. Touring advanced manufacturing facilities, Chapo highlighted Mozambique’s need to replicate such systems to modernise agriculture and expand large-scale infrastructure, including roads and ports. With nearly two-thirds of Mozambique’s population reliant on agriculture, he stressed that Chinese expertise could address productivity constraints. Agreements were signed in green energy and biomedicine, while Chapo underscored “South-South cooperation” as central to development. Hosted by Xi Jinping, the visit signals deepening bilateral ties and positions China as a key partner in Mozambique’s long-term economic transformation. (“Mozambique looks to China for industrial boost,” Africa News, 20 March 2026)
EUROPE THIS WEEK
Russia and the US: Foreign Minister Lavrov says the time has come for talks with Washington on future economic ties
On 18 April, at a summit in Turkey’s Antalya, Russia’s Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that the time has come to discuss future economic ties between the US and Russia. He remarked that NATO is “not in the best state” and added that Moscow will not intervene in the alliance's internal affairs. Reuters says this renewed economic cooperation with the US has become a central element of Russia’s pitch for a diplomatic detente with the Trump administration.
The War in Ukraine: Export disruptions and drone strikes hit Russia’s oil production
On 21 April, Reuters reported that Russia reduced oil production by about 300,000 to 400,000 barrels per day, marking the sharpest monthly drop since the COVID-19 pandemic. The decline was mainly due to Ukrainian drone attacks on key Russian oil infrastructure, including major export ports such as Ust-Luga, Primorsk, Novorossiysk and Vysotsk, which disrupted the country’s ability to ship crude oil. The shutdown of the Druzhba pipeline, one of the last remaining routes supplying Russian oil to parts of Europe, also contributed to the decline. In addition, seasonal refinery maintenance further limited the processing capacity. Despite the fall in output, rising global oil prices linked to geopolitical tensions, including the conflict involving Iran, could partly offset Russia’s revenue losses and help ease pressure on its budget. However, analysts noted that continued infrastructure damage and export disruptions could affect Russia’s ability to maintain production levels. The International Energy Agency has also lowered its forecast for Russia’s oil supply for the rest of the year. (“Russia cuts oil output in April, sources say,” Reuters, 21 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/russia-cuts-oil-output-april-sources-say-2026-04-21/
Russia: Moscow claims new territorial gains in Ukraine
On 21 April, Reuters reported that Russia’s top military commander said Russian forces had captured about 1,700 square kilometres of Ukrainian territory and around 80 settlements since the start of 2026. Valery Gerasimov, Chief of the General Staff of the Russian Armed Forces, stated that Russian troops are advancing towards key Ukrainian defensive positions in the Donbas region, often described as Ukraine’s “fortress belt.” These include the cities of Sloviansk, Kramatorsk, and Kostiantynivka. He said Russian forces are already fighting in parts of Kostiantynivka and are positioned about 7 to 12 kilometres from Sloviansk and Kramatorsk. Gerasimov also claimed that Russian troops are advancing in Ukraine’s northeastern Kharkiv region and the northern Sumy region to establish what Moscow calls a “security zone.” Moreover, Reuters noted that the claims could not be independently verified, and pro-Ukrainian maps suggest Russia’s territorial gains this year are closer to about 600 square kilometres. However, pro-Ukrainian maps show that Russia currently controls roughly 19.35 per cent of Ukraine’s territory. (“Russia has taken 1,700 square km of Ukraine this year, top general says,” Reuters, 21 April 2026).
https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/russia-has-taken-1700-square-km-ukraine-this-year-top-general-says-2026-04-21/
The War in Ukraine: EU approves EUR 90 billion loan to support Ukraine, however, funding gap remains high
On 23 April, Reuters reported that the European Union has approved a EUR 90 billion loan to support Ukraine’s economy and war efforts, offering critical financial relief as the conflict with Russia continues. The loan is expected to help Ukraine avoid major cuts to public services and sustain military spending, with funds disbursed in 2026 and the remainder in 2027. However, analysts note that Ukraine’s financial needs remain significantly higher than current estimates, with additional funding required for defence and infrastructure repairs. Despite support from the EU, the International Monetary Fund and other partners, Ukraine continues to face a funding shortfall, with the existing aid covering only part of its military and domestic needs. The loan approval followed the resolution of political disagreements within the EU, particularly after Hungary lifted its veto. Officials emphasised that while the loan provides short-term stability, sustained international assistance will be necessary to support Ukraine’s long-term recovery and war effort. (“EU loan throws Ukraine a lifeline but more help needed for war,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/business/eu-loan-throws-ukraine-lifeline-more-help-needed-war-2026-04-23/)
AMERICAS THIS WEEK
Spain and Mexico: Bilateral meeting held amid leftist summit and renewed ties
On 18 April, Spain's PM Pedro Sánchez met with Mexico's President Claudia Sheinbaum in Barcelona during a gathering of global leftist leaders. The meeting took place alongside the “In Defence of Democracy” summit, where leaders convened to discuss shared political priorities and strengthen cooperation. The engagement marked the first visit by a Mexican president to Spain in eight years and signalled an improvement in diplomatic relations following a period of strain linked to historical disagreements over Spain’s colonial past. Sheinbaum acknowledged recent conciliatory gestures from Spanish leadership, including recognition of colonial-era abuses, which helped ease tensions between the two countries. Discussions also focused on enhancing bilateral cooperation, particularly in the energy and infrastructure sectors. Spanish officials emphasised the importance of strengthening economic ties, while Sheinbaum highlighted the absence of any formal diplomatic crisis between the two nations. The meeting also reflected efforts to rebuild relations, with Mexico extending an invitation to Spain’s King Felipe VI to attend the 2026 World Cup opening ceremony. Additionally, Sheinbaum invited Sánchez to participate in a future summit in Mexico, underscoring continued diplomatic engagement.
Canada and the Arctic: Ottawa tests its ability to operate independently in the Arctic
On 21 April, Reuters reported that the Canadian military conducted a large Arctic exercise to demonstrate its ability to operate and defend its northern region more independently. Around 1,300 members of the Canadian Armed Forces participated in the operation, making it one of Canada’s largest Arctic exercises in recent years. As part of the training, soldiers completed a snowmobile patrol of more than 5,000 kilometres from Inuvik in the Northwest Territories to Churchill in Manitoba, facing harsh conditions including blizzards and temperatures as low as −60°C. Troops also practised landing aircraft on frozen sea ice, moving artillery equipment to remote areas of Nunavut, and conducting patrols using skis and snowmobiles. The exercise reflects Canada’s efforts to strengthen its presence in the Arctic as global interest in the region grows, particularly from Russia and China. However, analysts note that Canada still depends heavily on cooperation with the United States through the NORAD defence partnership for broader Arctic security. (“Canadian military aims to show it can go it alone in Arctic,” Reuters, 21 April 2026). https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/canadian-military-aims-show-it-can-go-it-alone-arctic-2026-04-21/
The US and Afghan Refugees: Washington to resettle 1,100 Afghan refugees in Congo
On 22 April, Reuters reported that the Trump administration and the Democratic Republic of Congo are considering the resettlement of 1,100 Afghans stranded in Qatar who fled the Taliban and are awaiting US visas. Shawn VanDiver, founder and president of the advocacy organisation #AfghanEvac, described the resettlement plan as unacceptable, given the persistent security crisis in Congo, and that he had been briefed about the plan by US officials. "I worry that this is just a way for the State to wash their hands of these folks, many of whom are women, children, and family of U.S. military, that will ultimately result in them becoming stateless or having to go back to ?certain death in Afghanistan," VanDiver said. “Why would you go from the world’s No. 1 refugee crisis to the world’s No. 2 refugee crisis?” he added. The Afghan nationals stranded at Camp As Sayliyah in Qatar are largely people who worked alongside US forces during Washington’s war in Afghanistan and fled Kabul after the Taliban takeover in 2021. The resettlement was halted following the Trump administration's 2025 executive order that placed a blanket ban in all refugee admissions.
The US and the Afrikaners: The Trump administration aims to expand the intake of Afrikaners under the refugee programme
On 23 April, Reuters reported that Donald Trump’s administration aims to double the annual refugee limit to bring in White South African refugees into the country. Trump’s policies have usually featured pausing refugee administration from around the world, as reflected since he took office in January 2025. However, in a few weeks of assuming office, the President issued an executive order to prioritise the resettlement of the Afrikaners of European descent. Trump has often claimed that they face prejudice and persecution on the basis of their race. The majority of reports that accommodated refugees in the US are returningBlack South Africa. According to 2022 census data, Blacks make up 81 per cent of South Africa's population. Afrikaners and other white South Africans constitute 7 per cent of the population. The South African government has strongly refuted the President’s claims. The US Refugee Admissions Program was formally established in 1980 due to refugees fleeing the wars in Vietnam and Cambodia. Trump has, however, used it almost exclusively to bring white South Africans into the US. Officials in the US have also planned to increase the refugee cap from 7500 to 10000 to accommodate more white S- are reports of accommodated refugees in the US going back to South Africa.
(“Exclusive: Trump poised to expand refugee program for white South Africans,” Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/africa/trump-poised-expand-refugee-program-white-south-africans-2026-04-23)
The US: Senate moves forward on USD 70 billion ICE and border funding proposal
On 23 April, Reuters reported that the United States Senate moved closer to advancing a USD 70 billion funding plan for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and Border Patrol, as part of efforts to address a partial shutdown of the Department of Homeland Security. The measure, backed by Republican lawmakers, is designed to provide funding for these agencies for the next three years. The proposal progressed following a narrow vote of 50–48 in the Senate. Republicans have sought to advance the plan using the budget reconciliation process, which allows passage with a simple majority, bypassing Democratic opposition. Democratic lawmakers opposed the measure, raising concerns over the absence of additional oversight and safeguards on immigration enforcement operations. During extended voting sessions, they introduced multiple amendments addressing broader issues such as healthcare, inflation, and social support, but these proposals did not pass. The funding plan now moves to the House of Representatives, where its final approval remains uncertain.
(US Senate votes to advance $70 billion funding plan for ICE, Border Patrol, Reuters, 23 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/legal/government/us-senate-edges-toward-advancing-ice-border-funding-plan-2026-04-23/)
President Trump and NATO: Trump administration weighs penalties for NATO allies; Considers Spain's suspension from NATO and reconsiders the UK's claims over the Falkland Islands, reports Reuters
On 24 April, Reuters reported on an internal Pentagon email that outlines options for the US to punish the NATO allies it believes failed to support Washington's operations in its war with Iran. The options reportedly include suspending Spain from the alliance and a review of the US position on the UK's claim to the Falkland Islands, reassessing its long-standing support for the “imperial possessions of Europe” due to the lack of support it received in the Iran war. The UK and Argentina fought a short war in 1982 over the islands after Argentina made a failed bid to take them. Eventually, Argentina surrendered, and the US has historically supported the British claim over the island. A spokesperson for the UK's Prime Minister’s office has strongly maintained that “Sovereignty rests with the UK and the islands' right to self-determination is paramount. It's been our consistent position and will remain the case.”
Washington has also expressed frustration with Spain, where the leadership said it would not allow its bases or airspace to be used to attack Iran. The US reportedly has two important military bases in Spain, the Naval Station Rota and the Morón Air Base. The Trump administration insists that suspending Spain from the NATO alliance would have only a limited impact on military operations but would have significant symbolic repercussions. Spanish Prime Minister Sanchez was quoted as saying, "We do not work off emails. We work off official documents and government positions, in this case of the United States.”
On 24 April, the BBC reported on NATO’s statement. A NATO official was quoted by the BBC as saying, “The organisation's founding treaty does not foresee any provision for suspension of Nato membership, or expulsion,” in response to the US proposal to suspend Spain from the NATO framework. Italian Prime Minister Meloni has also urged NATO to band together in the wake of the Pentagon email, claiming that the alliance is a “source of strength.”
(“Sovereignty of Falklands rests with the UK, Britain tells the US,” Reuters, 24 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/uk/sovereignty-falklands-rests-with-uk-britain-tells-us-2026-04-24/)
(“Exclusive: Pentagon email floats suspending Spain from NATO, other steps over Iran rift, source says,” Reuters, 24 April 2026. https://www.reuters.com/world/pentagon-email-floats-suspending-spain-nato-other-steps-over-iran-rift-source-2026-04-24/)
(“Nato says 'no provision' to expel members after report US could seek to suspend Spain,” BBC, 24 April 2026. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/cz78x703lrvo)
About the contributors
Brighty Ann Sarah, Aishal Yousuf and R Preetha are postgraduate students at the Department of International Studies, Stella Maris College, Chennai.
Lekshmi MK is a postgraduate student at the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai.
Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair, Kirsten Wilfred Coelho, Rebecca Ann Oomen and Yesasvi Koganti are undergraduate students at the Department of Political Science, Madras Christian College, Chennai.
Glynnis Winona Beschi and Siddhi Halyur are undergraduate students at the Department of International Relations, Public Policy, Peace Studies and Journalism, St Joseph's University.
Nithin V is a postgraduate student at the Department of International Relations, Loyola College, Chennai.
Sreemaya Nair is an undergraduate student from the Department of International Relations, Peace Studies and Public Policy, St Joseph’s University
Rakshitha B is an undergraduate student at the Department of Political Science and Economics, Mount Carmel College, Bengaluru.
Sreekanishkaa GK is a postgraduate student from the Department of Political Science, Kumaraguru College of liberal arts and Sciences, Coimbatore.
Ashwin R, Nishita Manoharan, Shrinidhi Senthivel and Shwetha R are undergraduate students from the Department of Political Science, Kumaraguru College of liberal arts and Sciences, Coimbatore.
Manik Dhawan is an undergraduate student from the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai.
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha is an undergraduate student double majoring in BSc Clinical Psychology and BA Political Science at the School of Liberal Arts, Alliance University, Bengaluru.
Akshath Kaimal is a Research Assistant at NIAS. Femy Francis is a Project Associate at NIAS.
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Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
R Preetha
Akriti Sharma
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akriti Sharma
Femy Francis
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and Preetha R
Anu Maria Joseph
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Neha Tresa George
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Rizwana S Banu
Brighty Ann Sarah
GP Team
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
R Preetha
Brighty Ann Sarah
Anshuman Behera
Anshuman Behera
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Kasvi Batra
Avishka Ashok
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Mahesh Batta
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Ditipriya Ghosh
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Astha Panda
Ayush Joshi
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Femy Francis
Femy FrancisÂ
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Kasvi Batra
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
IPRI Team
Naomi Miriam Mathew
Kasvi Batra
Lekshmi MK
Lekshmi MK
Naomi Miriam MathewÂ
NIAS Global Politics Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair and M Kejia
Anu Maria Joseph
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Swati Sood
R Preetha
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Merin Treesa Alex
Kasvi Batra
Chittrothu Vaihali
M Kejia
IPRI Team
Astha Panda
Emma Rose Boby
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Merin Treesa Alex
Santhiya M
GP Team
Ananya Dinesh
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Gauri Gupta
Aparna A Nair
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia
IPRI Team
Kumari Gargi, Naomi Miriam Matthew, & Fleur Elizabeth PhilipÂ
Rizwana Banu S
Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
J Yamini
Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
GP Team
R Preetha
Gauri Gupta
Ananya Dinesh
IPRI Team
Santhiya M
Merin Treesa Alex
GP Team
Emma Rose Boby
M KejiaÂ
Lekshmi MK
Santhiya M
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
Merin Treesa Alex
Aparna A Nair
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
GP Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Aashish Ganeshan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Femy Francis
Padmashree Anandhan
Aashish Ganeshan
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah
R Preetha
Nuha Aamina
GP Team
Abhishiktha S Kumar
Emma Rose Boby
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Esther Gamako Zugwai
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
GP Team
Vaneeta
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
South Asia Brief Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
Vaneeta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Nupur Priya
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Advik S Mohan
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Samruddhi Pathak
Padmashree Anandhan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Prajwal T V
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ken B Varghese
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ramya B
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Ayan Datta & Sayeka Ghosh
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
LS Hareesh
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
Akhil Ajith
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Akhil Ajith
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Ramya B
Alka Bala
GP Team
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
Sivasubramanian K
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
GP Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Prerana P
CR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Yogeswari S
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ankit Singh
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Feben Itty
Genesy B
Sreeja JS
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Nithyashree RB
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
NIAS Africa Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
NIAS Africa Team
Himani Pant
Ankita Dutta
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Sneha Surendran
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Medini Hegde
Ramya Balasubramanian
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshaya S
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Rishika Yadav and Nityashree RB
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
Amit Gupta
GP Team
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Himani Pant
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Riya Itisha Ekka
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sayani Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Sapna Elsa Abraham
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Padmashree Anandhan
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Devjyoti Saha
Dr Beena
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
Avishka Ashok
Nireekshan BollimpalliÂ
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
STIR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Porkkodi Ganeshpandian and Angkuran Dey
Ashwin Immanuel DhanabalanÂ
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
STIR Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Apoorva Sudhakar
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Lokendra Sharma
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
Dincy Adlakha
Sarthak Jain
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Gurpreet Singh
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
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