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STIR Team
21 September 2021 |
NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology and International Relations (STIR), Vol 1, Issue 9
Cover Story
By Lokendra Sharma and Akriti Sharma
When Science, Technology and Innovation meet Society
An Interview with Young Innovators João Pedro de Goes Novochadlo and Junyi Gao
In the recently concluded BRICS-Young Scientists Forum Conclave (13-16 September 2021) hosted by India, João Pedro de Goes Novochadlo and Junyi Gao bagged the first and second prize in the young innovators' category, respectively. João, who hails from Brazil and is currently associated with the University of Southern California, works on technological solutions for visually challenged people. Junyi, who hails from China and is currently associated with the Peking Union Medical College Hospital, contributes to the advancement of medical technologies. They respond to questions about their innovative projects, ensuing benefits for society, the significance of transboundary networks of scientists, and their message to young innovators.
Can you describe the innovative projects you are working on?
João Pedro de Goes Novochadlo: I have been dedicating my time to Veever, a project that I had the opportunity to present during the BRICS-YSF India Conclave 2021. Veever is a free mobile application that uses micro-location technology and artificial intelligence to facilitate the interaction and mobility of visually challenged and impaired people in indoor and outdoor spaces, all through a virtual voice assistant. We are a start-up that works with assistive technology for people with disabilities using four central technical pillars as a solution: micro-location systems, mobile applications, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence. Information is transmitted to the user's smartphone by placing Bluetooth devices (beacons) arranged indoors and outdoors. The mapping of these spaces is done by an artificial intelligence algorithm that predicts and corrects some inconsistencies in information spreading. This content is shared through a mobile application that uses an offline database and voice assistant or video recordings to locate, guide, and describe the user's surroundings. Other functionalities embedded in smartphones, such as gyroscope sensor and GPS, are also used to have a greater sense of what is in that space. Finally, cloud platform is used for data storage and management, allowing the infrastructure manager to control what is sent to the user. Alongside that, usage patterns can also be monitored for gathering insights.
Junyi Gao: As one of the major advances in the medical field, endoscopic technology has been widely and deeply applied in surgical operations, but at the same time it has brought several challenges, such as increasing hemostasis difficulty, changes in surgical approaches and poor field of vision resulting from smoke generated by energy equipment. Although several tentative inventions have been developed, such as anti-fog coated lenses, there were still few satisfactory solutions. In the past years, our group thoroughly analyzed various adverse events in the surgical video, and tried to use artificial intelligence technology to optimize the real-time surgical video, aiming to provide better vision to surgeons and help them make the best choice in surgeries.
To reduce the surgical risks caused by the disadvantages of endoscopic technology, we combined deep learning technology with a deductive reasoning algorithm and applied these techniques in video real-time digital processing. At present, our group has successfully developed a software package containing several functions, such as real-time bleeding area tracking, defogging, gauze recognition and recurrent laryngeal nerve recognition.
How will your work benefit society at large?
João: Veever is a start-up whose main objective is to promote accessibility and social inclusion through technology for people with visual disabilities. Through our solution, we can deliver a much more inclusive experience so that our users can better move around, guide and interact within internal and external environments. In addition, we also work to raise awareness of the cause of people with disabilities, creating informational content and developing community empowerment activities. It's noteworthy that the challenges of people with disabilities, in general, are identical in every part of the world: the lack of accessibility.
Junyi: Our project is designed to provide better surgical vision and more important information to surgeons during operations; we hope our product would benefit surgeons performing laparoscopic surgeries, especially the surgeons in populous and developing countries. With the development of the economy and society, people's demand for high-level medical services will gradually increase, and the pressure on the medical resources will also increase. A shorter training period for doctors and a higher level of medical care can help relieve the pressure of sharply increasing medical demand. Our product could provide surgeons with valuable information during surgical treatment to improve the operation safety, such as bleeding areas and key anatomical structures, resulting in reduction of medical resources loss due to surgical complications.
What factors led to choosing the area of research and innovation?
João: Between 2014 and 2015, I did volunteer work at an institute that served people with visual impairments in my hometown, Curitiba. There, I had the opportunity to get in touch and live with some people who introduced me to the challenges they had to face daily. At the end of 2015, I participated in a hackathon. I decided, with my team, that we would develop a project to minimize the problems arising from the lack of accessibility in urban spaces. Just because I don't face this challenge, it doesn't mean that I'm not responsible for helping solve it.
Junyi: In recent years, AI technology has become ubiquitous in our daily lives. In the medical area, AI technology also performed outstandingly in multiple fields, including interpretation of medical examination, cancer diagnosis and treatment decision. With the development of the economy and society, people's demand for high-level medical services will increase sharply and this problem will be more prominent in developing countries. Application of AI in healthcare might relieve this pressure in some ways. The endoscopic technology has been widely and deeply applied in surgical operations in the past decades, but has also brought some problems.
As a surgeon, I can deeply appreciate the convenience that medical advancement brings to the people, but at the same time, how to better apply advanced technology to benefit patients has become an area of importance. In recent years, our group tried to apply the deep learning technology to processing of surgical videos in the past years, providing surgeons with better real-time visual information during the operations and ensuring the safety of surgery.
Do you think building networks of scientists and innovators beyond national boundaries will lead to a better world - peaceful, prosperous and sustainable?
João: Yes; all knowledge, when shared, is essential for building a more just and socially egalitarian society. Contacting people from different countries, especially those who share our problems and challenges, helps us amplify our power to impact and our ability to execute. I am also delighted to shed light on such an important topic: social inclusion and technology as an engine of transformation, carrying forward connections and ideas that will make our world even better.
Junyi: Science and innovation are very important for the advancement of human society. We not only have the right to share the earth's resources, but also share the obligation to protect the earth and develop the future of mankind.
Breaking the national boundaries, scientists and innovators could make science and technology better benefit human society. In a quote often attributed to George Bernard Shaw, he said: "If you have an apple and I have an apple, and we exchange apples, we both still only have one apple. But if you have an idea and I have an idea, and we exchange ideas, we each now have two ideas". Forums like the BRICS-YSF provide a meeting platform for scientists and innovators. In the recent India Conclave 2021, scientists and innovators from different countries fully shared their ideas and technologies, and such exchanges and sharing marked the possibility of a better world.
What would be your message to young scientists and innovators?
João: Never give up; and whenever you can, act with purpose. Bringing real meaning to your projects will motivate you to work harder and harder, especially when you start to see the results of your work. We are a generation that has almost unlimited access to information. We can connect with any part of the world in a way never seen before in our society. We need to use this opportune moment to be agents of positive transformation, understanding that there is no competition when it comes to the future of our planet. There is just potentially unending scope for collaboration.
Junyi: First of all, as young scientists and innovators, we need to learn more about the needs of society, discern the problems, and try to apply our scientific achievements to improve people's lives. Secondly, scientific research is a difficult process: we not only need to learn to solve problems tactfully, but also need to constantly strengthen our confidence. Last but not least, young people need to create a research environment that respects and encourages science and innovation.
About the interviewers
Lokendra Sharma and Akriti Sharma are PhD Scholars at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS.
In Brief
By Avishka Ashok and Lokendra Sharma
China's success with Shenzhou-12 and upcoming space missions
On 17 September, Shenzhou-12, China's seventh crewed mission, landed back on earth after a successful outer space flight. The mission broke the record in China for spending the longest duration in space after the three-member crew spent three months in the Chinese Space Station. The spacecraft landed in the Gobi Desert after separating from its orbit on the same day.
The mission was launched on 17 June 2021 from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre and was entrusted with numerous tasks. Other than breaking records for being the longest Chinese mission in space, the mission is also credited for bringing the first group of astronauts to Tiangong. It is the Chinese Space Station which was launched in April 2021. The Shenzhou-12 installed a mechanical arm in the Tiangong which will help build the rest of the space station while the country prepares for the next spacewalk, scheduled to happen on 3 October 2021. The mission was also tasked with extravehicular operations, confirming the feasibility of long-duration missions and recycling resources in space.
The crew consisting of Mission Commander Nie Haisheng, Major General Liu Boming and Senior Colonel Tang Hongbo tested the latest space-suits and the abilities of the newly installed equipment and conducted a seven-hour long spacewalk, the longest in China's history of space missions. The Shenzhou-12 mission was different from other Chinese space missions because of its tricky landing conditions. Unlike most missions that land in Siziwang Banner Sit, the Shenzhou-12 landed in Dongfeng due to its topography, climatic conditions, rescue and search practicability and return options. The mountainous terrain posed a challenge to the rescue team but the astronauts were brought to the site soon after they landed.
On 20 September, China also launched the Long March-7 Y4 rocket which was accompanied by the Tianzhou-3 cargo spacecraft. The spacecraft was launched from the Wenchang Space Launch Centre in Hainan and is tasked with depositing the supplies, equipment and propellant for the upcoming Shenzhou-13 mission. The mission aims to double the longest-duration in space record by spending six months at the Tiangong Space Station. All activities related to Tiangong and the space missions are celebrated in China with enthusiasm as the country is not a part of the International Space Station. ("Shenzhou-12 crewed spaceship launch a complete success", China Manned Space, 17 June 2021; Rhea Mogul, "Chinese astronauts complete first space walk outside new Tiangong space station", CNBC, 4 July 2021; Deng Xiaoci and Fan Anqi, "Mission accomplished: China's Shenzhou-12 crew safely back on earth", Global Times, 17 September 2021; Deng Xiaoci, "China successfully launches Tianzhou-3 for second space station supply mission; to support upcoming six-month Shenzhou-13 manned mission", Global Times, 20 September 2021)
Australia to procure nuclear-powered submarines
On 15 September, a new security alliance called AUKUS was launched by the US, the UK and Australia for tackling shared challenges in the Indo-Pacific region. The main highlight of the alliance, however, was the commitment of the US and the UK to supply Australia with nuclear-powered submarines (SNN). While the delivery of the submarines, which are expected to be at least eight initially, may only happen in the 2040s, Australia is considering leasing SSN from the AUKUS partners as a stop-gap measure. Once put into operation, Australia will join a select list of countries — the US, Russia, the UK, France, China, and India. However, Australia would be the only country without nuclear weapons to have a SSN.
There are primarily two types of nuclear submarines: SSN and the nuclear-powered ballistic submarines (SSBN). While the former houses a nuclear reactor fuelled with highly enriched uranium (HEU), the latter has nuclear tipped ballistic missiles in addition to nuclear propulsion. Once fuelled, the mini-reactors in nuclear submarines can last for decades without the need to refuel. Even as Australia and other AUKUS members have made it clear that no submarine would be armed by nuclear weapons, it is hardly a move in consonance with larger arms control and disarmament goals. The sharing of sensitive nuclear technology and HEU has ignited proliferation concerns.
Operating a fleet of SSNs would confer multiple advantages to Australia as compared to the diesel-powered submarines they currently operate or the diesel-powered submarines they were planning (but cancelled in wake of this deal) to procure from France. First, a SSN can be in continuous operation for months at a stretch, giving Australia the capability to project power in the seas near China (especially the hotly contested South China Sea). Second, SSNs comparatively have better speed. Lastly, since they need to resurface only in many months, they are stealthier. (Raghav Bikhchandani, "What are nuclear-powered submarines that Australia will acquire under first AUKUS initiative", The Print, 19 September 2021; Andrew S. Erickson, "Australia Badly Needs Nuclear Submarines", Foreign Policy, 20 September 2021; AJ Mitchell, "How do nuclear-powered submarines work? A nuclear scientist explains", The Conversation, 16 September 2021)
S&T Nuggets
By Akriti Sharma and Lokendra Sharma
Climate and Environment
Japan: Research to address agricultural nitrous oxide emissions
On 7 September, NHK-World Japan reported that the Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences has collaborated with the researchers overseas to explore ways to reduce the agricultural emissions of a key greenhouse gas, nitrous oxide. The gas is produced when the nitrogen fertilizer is applied to the farm produce. It is considered to be 300 times more harmful than carbon dioxide. The researchers have developed a new type of wheat which can prevent the nitrogen fertilizer from emitting harmful gas. The tests have shown that the new wheat emits 25 per cent less nitrous oxide. Additionally, the new wheat can maintain the same productivity level while absorbing 60 per cent less fertilizer. Researchers at Tohoku University and the National Agriculture and Food Research Organization have developed bacteria that can convert nitrous oxide emissions from the soybean fields into a harmless gas. Reduction of emission of greenhouse gases from the agriculture sector is important and the scientists in Japan have been able to reduce the emissions by 30 per cent. ("New researches tackle nitrous oxide emissions", NHK-World Japan, 7 September 2021)
The UN: WMO report says COVID-19 has not slowed down the pace of climate change
On 16 September, the UN World Meteorological Organization (WMO) released a report titled "United in Science 2021: A multi-organization high-level compilation of the latest climate science information". The reduction in the carbon dioxide emissions due to the economic slowdown caused by the pandemic was temporary. The report says that emissions during January-July 2021 were at the same level as 2019 levels or the pre-pandemic level. While releasing the report, the UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres said: ​​"Unless there are immediate, rapid and large-scale reductions in greenhouse gas emissions, limiting warming to 1.5C will be impossible, with catastrophic consequences for people and the planet on which we depend". Secretary-General WMO said: "Throughout the pandemic we have heard that we must 'build back better' to set humanity on a more sustainable path, and to avoid the worst impacts of climate change on society and economies. This report shows that so far in 2021, we are not going in the right direction". ("United in Science 2021", World Meteorological Organization, 16 September 2021)
Iceland: Zurich-based carbon capture plant project opened
On 8 September, Zurich-based Climeworks opened its carbon capture plant — Orca in Iceland. The start-up claimed that it will build a much larger plant in future which would help in removing millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Orca will remove 4,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year and store it underground. The Orca plant sells the most expensive carbon offset in the world and has been sold out of credit several times in its lifespan of 12 years. According to the energy models, the world will require removal of tonnes of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to achieve net zero emissions. The disadvantages of carbon capture is that they require too much energy to operate at a meaningful scale. However, the US President Joe Biden's recent infrastructure bill includes USD 3.5 billion for four direct air capture hubs. (Leslie Hook, "World's biggest' direct air capture' plant starts pulling in CO2", Financial Times, 8 September 2021)
Health
COVID-19: Pfizer claims its COVID-19 vaccine works for kids
On 21 September, Pfizer claimed that its COVID-19 vaccine works for kids aged 5-11 and it will soon seek US authorization for the same. It is a key step towards vaccinating children. The vaccine jointly developed by Pfizer and BioNTech already is available for anyone 12 and older. After testing, it has been found out that a lower dose of the same vaccine is effective for elementary school kids. The dosage also proved safe with similar or fewer temporary side effects including sore arms, fever and achiness. Cuba has started immunizing children aged two with their homegrown vaccine and China has cleared two vaccines for the kids aged three and above. However, the western countries have not started vaccinating children younger than 12 years of age. (Lauren Neergaard, "Pfizer says COVID-19 vaccine works in kids ages 5 to 11", AP, 21 September 2021)
China: First of its kind treatment for spinal deformity combined with spinal herniation
On 8 September, the Department of Orthopedics at Tangdu Hospital of Air Force Military Medical University successfully performed world's first surgical treatment for "anterior and posterior scoliosis-correction of cervicothoracic spinal deformity, spinal hernia release, and dural hernia repair" for a patient with "congenital cervical thoracic spinal deformity combined with spinal cord herniation". The 40-year-old patient was diagnosed with a "congenital spinal deformity combined with spinal herniation". Prof Liao Bo's team successfully implemented the surgery with full cooperation with a multidisciplinary team. ("Professor Liao Bo's team at Tangdu Hospital Complete the World's First 'Postoperative Revision of Congenital Cervicothoracic Spinal Deformity Combined with Spinal Cord Herniation'", Global Times, 8 September 2021)
COVID-19: Scientists question the need for booster doses
On 13 September, an article titled "Consideration in boosting Covid-19 vaccine immune responses" was published in The Lancet which concluded that "booster doses for the general population are not appropriate at this stage in the pandemic". A group of 18 scientists suggested inoculation of the unvaccinated should be prioritized. Al Jazeera reported that the WHO chief, Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, had called "countries to avoid giving out extra COVID jabs until the end of the year". The UN health agency also urged "all nations to vaccinate at least 10 per cent of their populations by the end of this month, and at least 40 per cent by the end of this year". Although the authors also acknowledged that "some individuals, such as the immunocompromised, could benefit from an additional dose of the same vaccine or of a different vaccine that might complement the primary immune response". ("Covid-19 vaccine boosters not widely needed, say scientists," Al Jazeera, 13 September 2021; Philip R Krause et. al., "Considerations in boosting COVID-19 vaccine immune response," The Lancet, 13 September 2021)
Space
The US: SpaceX's civilian crew returns back to earth after three days in space
On 18 September, SpaceX successfully completed its Inspiration4 mission when the all-civilian crew landed in the Atlantic Ocean, off the coast of Florida. SpaceX's first space tourism flight was comparatively different from recent ones by Blue Origin and Virgin Galactic. While the latter two went around 100 kms above earth (sub-orbital), the SpaceX flight went up to 590 kms (orbital), which is even above the International Space Station and the Hubble Space Telescope. And unlike the previous flights which offered only a short period of weightlessness, the SpaceX Dragon capsule stayed encircled earth for three days. The four civilian crew included two persons selected through a contest, a cancer recovered health care worker and a billionaire, Jared Isaacman. Jared has now become the third billionaire to make a trip to space, after Richard Branson and Jeff Bezos. A highlight about the crew was that none of them were trained astronauts and thus had no professional experience. (Amy Thompson, "SpaceX's Private Inspiration4 Crew Is Back on Earth", Scientific American, 21 September 2021; Marcia Dunn, "SpaceX launches 4 amateurs on private Earth-circling trip", AP, 16 September 2021)
The UK: OneWeb launches 34 more satellites in its quest for global internet
On 15 September, London-based OneWeb reached a new milestone when its 34 satellites were successfully placed into earth's orbit by Arianespace's Soyuz rocket which lifted off from Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. With this launch, OneWeb will now have 322 satellites circling earth, which is nearly half of the total number of satellites it eventually wants to put in space — 648. OneWeb plans use a constellation of low earth orbit satellites to provide global internet, even in the remotest corners of earth. OneWeb has secured global funding, and the UK government and India's telecom major Bharti group acquired the company in 2020 as the OneWeb emerged from bankruptcy. The company is directly competing with SpaceX's Starlink to provide global internet. (Mike Wall, "Arianespace Soyuz rocket launches 34 more OneWeb internet satellites to orbit", Space, 14/15 September 2021)
China: Indigenous hydrogen liquefying system developed
On 21 September, the Global Times reported that China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation (CASC) has developed a hydrogen liquefying system with about 90 per cent of localization. Producing about two tons of liquified hydrogen, it will be a major boost for the country's domestic space industry. So far, China's main rockets in the Long March series have relied on liquid hydrogen produced by foreign equipment. Another positive fallout will be for the larger energy sector, which is vying to use hydrogen as a fuel. ("China's self-developed hydrogen liquefying system to power domestic carrier rockets", Global Times, 21 September 2021)
Technology
Europe: European Commission announces plans for self-reliance in semiconductors
On 15 September, the European Commission (EC) announced plans for building a regional ecosystem to ensure self-reliance in semiconductor chips. Reuters quoted EC President Ursula von der Leyen as saying during a speech at the European Parliament: "We will present a new European Chips Act. The aim is to jointly create a state-of-the-art European chip ecosystem, including production. That ensures our security of supply and will develop new markets for ground-breaking European tech". This comes in the wake of global chip shortage and a realisation among European policy makers that a reliance on Asian and North America based suppliers is not sustainable. (Foo Yun Chee, "EU plans' Chips Act' to promote semiconductor self-sufficiency", Reuters, 15 September 2021)
China: Machines being developed that can track data sent abroad by automobiles
On 14 September, Reuters reported that China Automotive Engineering Research Institute (CAERI) has been developing machines and systems that are capable of tracking the data generated by cars in China. High-end cars sold by foreign companies have a number of sensors that collect and transmit data back to the company's servers and this has been an issue of concern for the Chinese government. Regulators have mandated that any data being generated within China has to be stored locally. The company developing these communication detection systems, CAERI, has tested vehicles of various foreign companies, including Tesla, Audi, Mercedes-Benz, Daimler and Land Rover. It is however unclear when this system would be rolled out and at what scale. ("China develops machines that can track data sent abroad by cars", Reuters, 14 September 2021)
Israel: Citizen Lab finds another exploit developed by the NSO Group
On 13 September, the University of Toronto based Citizen Lab, which is an interdisciplinary group researching digital espionage on civil society, reported that it had found a "zero-day zero-click exploit against iMessage" called FORCEDENTRY. Found to be effective against the operating systems of Apple devices (iOS, MacOS, WatchOS), Citizen Lab "determined that the mercenary spyware company NSO Group used the vulnerability to remotely exploit and infect the latest Apple devices with the Pegasus spyware". On the same day, Apple released updates for its devices to patch this vulnerability after Citizen Lab shared the details with the former. The NSO Group, accused by Citizen Lab to be behind developing this exploit, has previously been embroiled in another controversy over targeting of civil society across many countries using a sophisticated attack through popular communications app WhatsApp. (Bill Marczak et. al., "FORCEDENTRY: NSO Group iMessage Zero-Click Exploit Captured in the Wild", The Citizen Lab, 13 September)
Lithuania: Defense Ministry flags cybersecurity risks of Chinese mobiles
On 21 September, the Lithuanian Ministry of National Defense warned citizens against using Chinese mobile phones. The Ministry's National Cyber Security Centre conducted a "cyber security assessment of 5G smartphones made by Chinese manufacturers and supplied in Lithuania: Huawei P40 5G , Xiaomi Mi 10T 5G, OnePlus 8T 5G", according to a press release by the Ministry. The investigation found multiple problems with the smartphones, including that relating to freedom of speech. The Xiaomi device in particular was found to censor "449 keywords and keyword combinations in Chinese characters, for example, free Tibet, America's voice, democratic movement, Long Live the Democratic Taiwan, etc". The report comes against the backdrop of tense relations between China and Lithuania after Taiwan announced establishing a 'Taiwanese' (and not 'Taipei' which China prefers) representative office in Lithuania. ("Things your smartphone does without your awareness: investigation into three China-made 5G devices", Ministry of National Defense of Lithuania, 21 September 2021).
About the authors
Lokendra Sharma and Akriti Sharma are PhD Scholars, Avishka Ashok is a Research Associate at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS.
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Merin Treesa Alex
Preetha Renganarayanan
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
Preetha Renganarayanan
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Swati Sood
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Lekshmi MK
Emma Rose Boby
Abhimanyu Solanki
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Emma Rose
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Femy Francis
Mahesh Batt
Femy Francis
Rizwana S Banu
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
IPRI Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Harendra
NIAS Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Akriti Sharma
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
R Preetha
Akriti Sharma
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akriti Sharma
Femy Francis
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Brighty Ann Sarah and Preetha R
Anu Maria Joseph
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Neha Tresa George
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Rizwana S Banu
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
R Preetha
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Avishka Ashok
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Mahesh Batta
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Femy Francis
Femy FrancisÂ
R Preetha
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Naomi Miriam MathewÂ
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair and M Kejia
Anu Maria Joseph
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha
Merin Treesa Alex
Kasvi Batra
Chittrothu Vaihali
IPRI Team
Emma Rose Boby
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Merin Treesa Alex
Santhiya M
GP Team
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia
IPRI Team
Kumari Gargi, Naomi Miriam Matthew, & Fleur Elizabeth PhilipÂ
Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
J Yamini
Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
GP Team
R Preetha
Ananya Dinesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Emma Rose Boby
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Merin Treesa Alex
Aparna A Nair
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
GP Team
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Aashish Ganeshan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Femy Francis
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah
R Preetha
Nuha Aamina
Emma Rose Boby
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
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GP Team
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GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
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GP Team
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GP Team
GP Team
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Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
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GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
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Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
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GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
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Mahath Mangal
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Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
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GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
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GP Team
GP Team
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Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
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Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
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GP Team
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GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
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GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
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Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
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Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
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Hely Desai
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Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
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Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E