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IPRI Team
13 April 2022 |
Conflict Weekly #119, 13 April 2022, Vol.3, No.2
An initiative by NIAS-IPRI and KAS-India Office
Apoorva Sudhakar and Rishma Banerjee
Nigeria: Over 100 killed in another gunmen attack
In the news
On 12 April, the Associated Press reported that gunmen had killed over 100 people across four villages in Plateau state, in central Nigeria, on 10 April. The death toll has not been confirmed; witnesses said nearly 130 had died as the gunmen ransacked and set fire to homes. The news report quoted a government statement wherein the state governor promised: “to make it difficult for terrorists and other criminals to set their bases in any part of the state.”
On the same day, the BBC reported mass burials conducted in the villages. The BBC estimated the death toll at 150 and said most victims were men and children; several residents are still fleeing to neighbouring villages. The news report quoted survivors who said security forces arrived nearly a day after the attacks.
Issues at large
First, Nigeria’s gunmen problem. The gunmen, also known as bandits, have been operating in northwestern parts of Nigeria. They carry out frequent attacks and raids across villages; often, these raids are accompanied by mass killings or kidnapping for ransom. Several bandit groups are speculated to be linked to Boko Haram or the Islamic State West Africa Province.
Second, poverty and resource conflict as a cause. The Centre of Democracy and Development (CDD) for West Africa estimates hundreds of bandit groups from the Hausa and Fulani communities working with militants in the northwest. The CDD outlines that poverty in northwestern states is higher than the national average, and therefore, several community members turn to kidnappings and related activities as it is a source of easy money. Further, such attacks have also been linked to the larger conflict over resources between Hausa and Fulani communities in northwestern. These are farmer and cattle herder communities, respectively and therefore, clash over water and land resources.
Third, the government’s response. In January, the Nigerian government classified the activities of bandits as “acts of terrorism and illegality.” Security forces were directed to conduct air raids to target these groups. However, such actions have failed to quell the attacks. Instead, bandit groups seem to outnumber and outwit security forces. On several occasions, the government officials have negotiated with bandits for the release of victims. Details of such negotiations have not been made public, thereby raising questions of transparency and accountability.
Fourth, the human cost of banditry. In January 2022, The East African referred to data collected by the Council on Foreign Affairs, which revealed that Nigeria witnessed 10,938 deaths in 2021. Of this, 4,835 were civilian deaths, and the rest were security personnel bandits (including kidnappers) and terrorists. Similarly, several schools were shut after bandits conducted mass abductions of school children over 2021; close to 1,500 children were kidnapped in 2021 during different attacks.
In perspective
First, the increasing frequency of attacks shows that the government response has been inadequate. Government measures like air raids and labelling bandits as terrorists do not address the root problem of the conflict. Instead, it provides only short-term solutions.
Second, the issue is spreading now from the northwest to other regions. The activities of bandits in central Nigerian states indicate that bandits are expanding their bases.
Third, poverty and competition over resources have manifested into violent crimes, indiscriminate killings and abductions. These criminal activities have led to insecurities, like the closure of schools, hindering socio-economic development in the northwest. Therefore, the region is stuck in a cycle wherein poverty has led to conflict resulting in a lack of development and vice versa.
Russia: The strategic shift from Kyiv to the Donbas
In the news
On 6 April, the Russian forces after trying to capture Kyiv, started withdrawing, amidst allegations of war crimes, torture, and mass killing. Earlier, the Defence Ministry spokesperson, Sergei Rudskoy mentioned Russia's refocus of its military offensive. He said: “The main aims of the first phase of the operation have been fulfilled. The military capacities of Ukraine’s armed forces have been significantly decreased, which allows efforts to be focused on achieving our main aim: liberating Donbas.”
On 11 April, the Pentagon spokesperson, John Kirby said: “We have seen some early indications that the Russians are in fact trying to resupply and reinforce their efforts in the Donbas.” On 12 April, a UK Ministry of Defence released a statement: “Russian attacks remain focused on Ukrainian positions near Donetsk and Luhansk with further fighting around Kherson and Mykolaiv and a renewed push towards Kramatorsk. Fighting in eastern Ukraine will intensify over the next two to three weeks as Russia continues to refocus its efforts in Ukraine.”
On 12 April, the TASS reported on the state of people in the DPR region. As per the report, due to continuous attacks from Ukraine’s military, the people in the region had been sustained without water, food, heating and gas. According to the Donetsk separatists group, immediate measures to repair the damages were being carried out. Apart from them, it reported on how the Ukraine military had destroyed homes, social infrastructure, and bridges in the area.
Issues at large
First, the withdrawal from Kyiv. While the withdrawal of troops was hopeful, it has left several areas in and around Kyiv in devastation. Images from Bucha indicate the killings of civilians by the Russian troops. Mass graves and killings have been discovered in many places in Kyiv like the suburban areas of Irpin and Hostome. Ukraine has accused Russia of war crimes and claim 5,600 alleged cases of war crimes.
Second, the Russian offensive in the east. The partial blockade of Kharkiv continued amidst the use of rockets and grenades by Russian forces in the residential areas. Units of Russia’s 1st Guards Tank Army and the 20th Combined Arms Army have been deployed to Izyum. The UK’s defence ministry also reported that Russian troops in Belarus have been posted in Donbas. Artillery attacks have increased in the Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Heavy fighting continued in Mariupol, which has been under siege from 24 February. Marines posted there complained about fatigue, and lack of stocks and ammunition and are reportedly close to surrendering.
Third, the humanitarian crisis and loss of property. According to the UNHRC report, about 4.5 million Ukrainians have fled the country, and 4335 civilians have been killed. There has been a significant loss of property and infrastructure. Even though foreign aid keeps pouring in for Ukraine, how long they will be able to zmobilize their people and maintain this steady retaliation against all odds?
In perspective
First, Russia’s failure in capturing Kyiv. Several factors possibly contributed to Russia's inability to capture Kyiv. The most important factor was the grit and resistance from the Ukrainians . While Russia has made several advances in the south, along the Black sea coast, it could not breach the defence and take over the capital.
Second, Russia’s plans for the Donbas region. Donbas is strategically important;the region rich in coal and steel, and has Russian-speaking and Russian sympathizers. NATO expects Russia to try and connect Donbas and Crimea via a land bridge. Control over this area, and the accompanying part of the Dnieper basin is also likely to facilitate a better-functioning trade hinterland. The Russian offensive at Mariupol has thus been kept at a constant high, as this port city is of great strategic importance to establish better control in the eastern region of Ukraine.
Also from around the World
By Padmashree Anandhan, Sejal Sharma, Vijay Anand Panigrahi, and Lavanya Ravi
East and Southeast Asia
Taiwan: Handbook for people on civil defence
On 12 April, Taiwan’s military published a guidance handbook for people on civil defence in case of a war. The idea of the book is to provide survival instructions on how Taiwan must respond to China under the Ukraine war circumstances. So far, China has increased its military in the area near Taiwan but has not mentioned using force to bring Taiwan under control. In the handbook, details about spotting bomb shelters, water and food supplies, and information on making first-aid kits are given. According to a representative from the All-out Defence Mobilization unit: “(We) are providing information on how Taiwanese should react in a military crisis and possible disasters to come.”
Japan: Signs treaty with the Philippines for joint exercise to deal with South China Sea issue
On 9 April, for the first time, Japan and the Philippines held two plus two talks to discuss the increasing threat in the East and South China Seas. The talks were held due to China’s “unilateral attempts to change the status quo.” Both countries signed a deal to conduct joint exercises and assured mutual visits of each other forces, to counter China’s assertiveness in claiming sovereignty of regional water of the neighboring countries. Japan looks at military and cooperative mechanisms as ways to tighten measures against China’s assertiveness in the region. Numerous factors make the Philippines to be cautious in dealing with China over the South China Sea issue.
Australia: Report finds alleged senior officers not penalized for war crimes
On 12 April, Tolo news reported that several senior officials of Australia who allegedly committed war crimes during their deployment in Afghanistan, but they are yet to face any penalties. In the report, it observed that Australian troops committed war crimes in Afghanistan, including the killing of civilians during their deployment from 2005 to 2016. According to Tolo news, the 21 senior officials were told to “learn from experiences” while 17 lower-ranked soldiers were terminated from service for failing to meet Australian Defence Forces (ADF) expectations and values. Around 40,000 troops were deployed by Australia under the US-NATO-led mission in Afghanistan.Myanmar: Clash between military and Thailand ethnic rebels
On 10 April, Myanmar’s military launched airstrikes on ethnic rebels near the Thailand border. A fight broke out between both countries on deciding who will control the town of Lay Kay Kaw in the border area. The residents have left the place in December 2021 since the Myanmar army took control. The start point of the clash was when the Karen National Union (KNU) tried to push the army forces back into Myanmar, to which the military responded with airstrikes.
South Asia
India: New Delhi condemns Russia for Bucha massacre at the UNSC
On 5 April, India condemned the killings in Bucha at the United Nations Security Council meeting through its strongest statement against Russia. India’s permanent representative to the United Nations, TS Tirumurti expressed his concerns over the deteriorating security situation in Ukraine and its humanitarian consequences. He also supported the calls for an independent investigation on the recent killings in Bucha following the disturbing reports that surfaced regarding the same.
Sri Lanka: USD 51 billion external debt under default
On 12 April, Sri Lanka defaulted on its USD 51 billion external debt, calling it a “last resort” as it battles its worst economic turmoil since its independence. The country suspended its external debts as it is running out of foreign exchange for imports and wishes to spend it on essentials like fuel. The country's forex reserves took a major hit owing to the tax cuts introduced by the government and the wrath inflicted by the Covid-19 pandemic. The country awaits a recovery program assisted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) from whom it has sought help to keep the economic situation from deteriorating further.
Sri Lanka: Surgeries cancelled due to shortage in drugs and supplies
On 12 April, Sri Lankan hospitals suspended surgeries as the government was unable to import essential drugs and supplies. Along with this, prolonged power cuts have added to the gradual collapse of healthcare. The government hospitals are only performing emergency, casualty, and malignancy surgeries with minimal surgical supplies. Reportedly, out of the 1,325 state-provided drugs, three life-saving ones are completely exhausted while another 140 essential ones are in really short supply. The Sri Lanka Medical Association warned Rajapaksa in a letter pointed out that the emergency treatments are at risk to be stopped soon, as the economic situation worsens.
Pakistan: 26/11 mastermind Hafiz Saeed sentenced to 33 years
On 8 April, the Mumbai terror attack mastermind Hafiz Saeed was given a combined sentence of 33 years in jail by a Pakistani anti-terrorism court. Judge Ejaz Ahmed Buttar gave the verdict on two cases of terror financing registered by the Counter-Terrorism Department (CTD) against Saeed. A fine of PKR 340,000 has also been imposed on Saeed for the two cases. 41 cases have been registered in different cities by the Counter-Terrorism Department against the Jamat-ud-Dawa leaders, while only 27 have been decided by the trial courts so far.
Pakistan: Five terrorists were killed
On 10 April, five militants were killed while several escaped during a heated exchange of fire with the police in the Bannu district of Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa. According to the police officials, Bannu Police and the Counter-Terrorism Department jointly raided a house in the Zandi Falaksher area where the terrorists were hiding. Three AK-47s, one 9mm pistol, one TT pistol, cartridges, and a motorcycle planted with explosives were recovered from the house. The Police claim that the militants belonged to Akhtar Muhammad alias Khalil and Zar Gul groups.
Afghanistan: Protests in Kabul against the treatment of refugees in Iran
On 11 April, protests were held in front of Iran’s embassy in Kabul by in response to the abusive treatment of Afghan refugees in Iran. The protestors demanded Iran stops forced deportation of Afghan refugees. There were similar protests also in Khost.. The protestors urged the UNHRC to review the matter urgently and take necessary steps to help the refugees.
Central Asia, Middle East, and Africa
Tajikistan: Tensions over a border a shoot-out
On 12 April, a shooting broke out along the Kyrgyz-Tajik border in the Leilek district. The shootouts took place initially between the Kyrgyz and Tajik border guards, and later during the talks to stabilize the situation. A Kyrgyz border guard is reportedly wounded and is critical. Guards have withdrawn from the area where the shooting broke out. The situation is now stable after the heads of the border services held talks at the Ovchi-Kalacha checkpoint in Tajikistan.
Syria: Israeli missiles target Iranian forces in Syria
On 9 April, Israel launched air raids in Masyaf province in western Syria. The Syrian Observatory for Human Watch noted that the missiles targeted areas where the Iranian Revolutionary Guard Corps and Hezbollah militias are positioned. This marks the eighth attack by Israel carried out in Syria this year, the most recent being the attack near Damascus airport in early March. Israel rarely acknowledges these attacks and so far, no statement has been made about the recent air raids.
Iran: Afghan envoy summoned over attacks on the Consulate
On 11 April, protestors in Afghanistan pelted Iran’s Herat consulate Herat. The outrage is caused by the circulation of videos that show Afghan refugees being beaten in Iran, which Iran claims to be unverified. In Kabul, where protests occurred, slogans such as “death to Iran” was chanted outside the Iranian embassy. Iranian foreign ministry spokesperson Saeed Khatibzadeh made a statement dismissing the videos. He said the purpose of these videos were to create fear and ruin the historic ties that Iran and Afghanistan share. To resolve this, Iran summoned the Afghanistan envoy to hold talks and clear any misunderstandings.
Turkey: Defence equipment exports soar due to Ukraine war
On 6 April, a report published by the Turkish Exporters’ Assembly indicated that Turkey’s defence exports to Ukraine soared in the first quarter of 2022. Ukraine has obtained Bayraktar TB2 armed drones, and MILGEM-class corvettes from Turkey. An agreement to establish a production facility for TB2 drones in Ukraine was also signed in early February, rendering Ukraine a major defence partner for Turkey. Exports during the said quarter amounted to USD 59.8 million while it was only USD 1.9 million in 2021 for the same period. The TB2 drones play an important role in the Ukraine-Russia war, helping Ukraine push back the invasion. Turkey maintains its neutral position in the war, dealing in arms with Ukraine as well as Russia.
Iraq: Water crisis endangers the lives of the people
On 12 April, the chronic water shortage in Iraq has upset people's lives and led to unprecedented challenges. The rivers Tigris and Euphrates supply 98 per cent of Iraq’s surface water, however, water levels have dropped. Supply of freshwater has been restricted at their sources by dams built in Turkey, which has blocked the flow of water into Iraq and Syria. In 2008, the UN classified Iraq as fifth in the World in terms of countries that are vulnerable to climate change. Studies show that about 40 per cent of the country is now desert lands that do not accommodate agriculture.
Sudan: Protests over Bashir regime
On 11 April, protestors gathered in Khartoum and other cities to mark the third anniversary of ousting of former leader Omar al-Bashir. Protestors blocked main roads, burned tires, banged drums, and chanted revolutionary slogans. Bashir was overthrown in a coup by his top generals after three years of unpopular rule, and the new government was formed through a power-sharing agreement between the generals. The arrangement lapsed on 25 October when the military leaders staged a coup, and the country stepped into chaos.
Sudan: Agreement to end the civil war
On 13 April, South Sudan President Salva Kiir ordered the unification of military officers to the vice-president, Riek Machar into the army as a unified force. The decision is seen as a peace process taken towards the Horn of Africa. Kiir and Machar’s arm forces signed an agreement in 2018 to bring the civil war to an end. But due to lag in the peace process and clash between opponents forces over the problem of power-sharing. On 8 April, two leaders met to submit the list of military officers to be included in the security services. The spokesperson of the SPLM-IO party called it a positive step to stop the ceasefire violations.
Mali: Russia blocks the UNSC plan to investigate Moura massacre
On 8 April, the UNSC proposal to investigate into Moura massacre in Mali was blocked by Russia and China. The statement of the UNSC, it pointed out the concerns raised by the member countries on human rights violations and abuses taking place in Mali. It called for an independent investigation to track those responsible for such violations, but with Russia and China opposing the move, the proposal was called off. The Mali officials claimed that 203 jihadists had been neutralized, which is now being demanded by the UNSC for enquiry.
Democratic Republic of Congo: 20 civilians killed in an attack in Ituri
On 11 April, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reported on the killing of 20 civilians by assaulters (M-23 group rebels). The assaulters were responsible for looting homes and shops. According to OCHA, taking the recent killings into count, the total number of civilians killed in the past week was 40. Due to the violence, displacement of people is constant, and the workers from the aid organizations have become the targets. To help the displaced, UNHCR has been providing shelter facilities and non-food items for their basic survival. The M-23 group announced its withdrawal from the villages of DRC after clashes with the government troops.
Europe and the Americas
Mexico: Lawsuit filed against US gun manufacturers
On 12 April, the Mexican government filed a lawsuit in a federal court in Massachusetts against US gun makers and wholesalers, claiming USD 10 billion in damages. The lawsuit alleges private companies trading arms with drug cartels and violent groups. A rogue shooting incident targeting then city security head Omar Garcia Harfuch in June 2021, was the driving force behind the lawsuit among other several such incidents. Heavily gunmen ambushed Harfuch and opened fire. Three people died while Harfuch was shot thrice. The weapons recovered after the incident were found to be produced and sold by US-based manufacturers. The lawsuit addressed the larger problem of arms smuggling across the US-Mexico border. Oral arguments by both sides are scheduled to be held this week in the court.
Colombia: Supreme Court approves extradition of kingpin Otoniel to the US
On 7 April, the leader of the Gulf Clan cartel Dairo Antonio Úsuga, largely known as Otoniel was approved to be extradited to the US on drug trafficking charges. The Gulf Clan has extensive operations within and beyond Latin America, with about 1800 armed members- most with a far-right paramilitary background. It has engaged in human and drug trafficking, illegal gold mining and extortion. The approval puts an end to Otoniel’s attempts at halting his extradition by requesting an alternate sentence for giving up information. The legal team claimed that the drug lord was willing to provide the government with details of alliances between central government officials and armed groups during the FARC conflict.
Chile: Water rationing plan announced amidst prolonged drought conditions
On 11 April, the governor of Santiago announced a four-tier alert system as part of its water rationing plan for the capital city as the drought enters its 13th year. The plan featuring the alert system is based on the water levels of the Mapocho and Maipo rivers, which have been dwindling. It categorizes warning levels starting with public service announcements, and moving on to restricting water pressure and eventually rotating water cuts. The water cuts constitute the last stage of the plan and would be applied only in one sector of the city every 12, six, or four days. Availability of the country’s water is expected to drop by another 50 percent by 2060, from its current drop of 37 percent owing to climate change.
Puerto Rico: Anti-abortion bill introduced
On 8 April, a Puerto Rican State Committee approved a bill that would prohibit abortions at 22 weeks or if the fetus is medically determined as viable, the only exception being if the woman’s life is in danger. The bill was approved with a 9-3 conservative majority vote despite objections from the health and justice departments. It requires maintaining a government registry of those who choose to abort and the reasons behind it, subsequently undermining the patient’s right to privacy. Civil and feminist groups have criticized the move and the rushed process that followed. The Committee is expected to hold hearings this month after which it will be passed onto the Senate for a vote.
The US: Venezuelans form a majority of migrants crossing the Darien Gap
On 12 April, Panama’s National Migration Service reported the increase in migrants crossing the dangerous Darien Gap that links Colombia to Panama. The number of migrants more than doubled in the first quarter of this year, as compared to last year. Venezuelan migrants formed 31 per cent of the total numbers crossing the Darien, on account of the ongoing economic crisis in the country. Likewise, Haitians, Senegalese, and Cubans constitute the remaining population.
The US: Aftermath of the Brooklyn subway shooting
On 12 April, an unidentified man released a smoke bomb in a subway station and opened fire at the passengers in Brooklyn, New York. Sixteen people were injured in the travesty, out of which ten suffered gunshot wounds while the rest suffered from smoke inhalation and shrapnel wounds. The attacker was identified as a black male, wearing a green construction vest and a grey sweatshirt, along with a gas mask. However, the shooting is not being investigated as an act of terrorism, and heavy police vigilance is being maintained in and around the area of the incident.
The US: First all-private crew space mission to the ISS launched
On 9 April, a four-man crew of astronauts called the Axiom-1 left for the International Space Station (ISS) on a SpaceX Falcon rocket. Axiom is a commercial spaceflight company founded in 2016, that facilitates in-space research and several outreach projects. The crew will be onboard the ISS for eight days, after their capsule Endeavour docks at the station on Saturday. Former NASA astronaut will command the pro by a, flying alongside the all-civilian crew. The launch counts as the second private spaceflight facilitated by American rocket and capsule supplier SpaceX. In the future, the firm plans to launch a similar project later in 2022 or early 2023, named Axiom-2.
The US: The Senate confirms the first black female to serve on the Supreme Court
On 8 April, Ketanji Brown Jackson was appointed as a judge to the top court by a vote of 50 to 47, a first in US history. The appointment overseen by vice president Kamala Harris fulfills the Biden administration’s campaign promise of having a black woman on the court. Justice Jackson would replace Justice Stephen Bryer upon his retirement in June. The confirmation of Justice Jackson remains slightly contentious amidst the 6-3 conservative to a liberal majority in the court, however, the decision is being applauded as one that would bring in a diverse legal experience.
The US: Inflation rate hits a 40-year old high after fuel prices soar
On 12 April, fuel prices reached a record high following the import ban on energy resources from Russia, last month. Energy prices saw a 32 per cent increase in the first quarter of the year, while consumer prices surged by 8.5 per cent. Additionally, food prices also saw a sharp increase on account of the Russia-Ukraine conflict as both countries are export leaders for wheat and sunflower oil. The soaring inflation rate compelled the Federal Reserve to lift its key interest rate, which is bound to rise several times this year. A wave of international sanctions on Russia has affected the global economy by worsening the supply chain problems.
About the authors
Apoorva Sudhakar, and Padmashree Anandhan are Project Associates at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS, Bangalore. Rishma Banerjee is a Research Intern at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS, Bangalore. Sejal Sharma, and Vijay Anand Panigrahi are postgraduate scholars at Pondicherry University, Pondicherry. Lavanya Ravi is a postgraduate scholar at Christ (Deemed to be University)
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Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Aparna A Nair
Brighty Ann Sarah
Rohini Reenum
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Akshath Kaimal
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Emma Rose
Rohini Reenum
Lekshmi MK
Tanvi Thara Harendra Jha
Femy Francis
Mahesh Batt
Femy Francis
Rizwana S Banu
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Sunidhi Sampige
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Akshath Kaimal
IPRI Team
Preetha Renganarayanan
Preetha Renganarayanan
Lekshmi MK
Sunidhi Sampige & Tanvi Harendra
NIAS Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Akriti Sharma
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Femy Francis
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
R Preetha
Akriti Sharma
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Brighty Ann Sarah
Padmashree Anandhan
Akshath Kaimal
Brighty Ann Sarah
Akriti Sharma
Femy Francis
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Rohini Reenum
Brighty Ann Sarah and Preetha R
Anu Maria Joseph
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Neha Tresa George
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Rizwana S Banu
IPRI Team
Advik S Mohan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Anu Maria Joseph
R Preetha
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Avishka Ashok
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Mahesh Batta
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhimanyu Solanki
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Vani Vyshnavi Jupudi
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Lekshmi MK
Anu Maria Joseph
Femy Francis
Femy FrancisÂ
R Preetha
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Naomi Miriam MathewÂ
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair and M Kejia
Anu Maria Joseph
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha
Merin Treesa Alex
Kasvi Batra
Chittrothu Vaihali
IPRI Team
Emma Rose Boby
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
Merin Treesa Alex
Santhiya M
GP Team
Farhaz Rashid Ahmed
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah, R Preetha, Santhiya M, Aparna A Nair & M Kejia
IPRI Team
Kumari Gargi, Naomi Miriam Matthew, & Fleur Elizabeth PhilipÂ
Rizwana Banu S and Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
Gauri Gupta
J Yamini
Santhiya M
Lekshmi MK
GP Team
R Preetha
Ananya Dinesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Emma Rose Boby
R Preetha
Lekshmi MK
Merin Treesa Alex
Aparna A Nair
Fleur Elizabeth Philip
GP Team
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah
Aashish Ganeshan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Femy Francis
Gauri Gupta
GP Team
Brighty Ann Sarah and R Preetha
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
R Preetha and Brighty Ann Sarah
R Preetha
Nuha Aamina
Emma Rose Boby
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
C Shraddha
Femy Francis
C Shraddha
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
Suchitra Jakkala
Padmashree Anandhan
Santhiya M
Brighty Ann Sarah
C Shraddha
Vaneeta
D Suba Chandran
IPRI Team
C Shraddha
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Rohini Reenum
South Asia Brief Team
Souparno Rakshit, Emma Rose Boby and Souparnika Suresh
GP Team
South Asia Brief Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Trisha Roy
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
Kumari Krishna
C Shraddha
Kumari Krishna
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
Nupur Priya
C Shraddha, Vaishak Sreekumar, Kumari Krishna, Nova Karun K
IPRI Team
GP Team
PR Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Prajwal TV
Kavithasri M
IPRI Team
Ashna Pathak & Surangana Rajya Laxmi Rana
Anu Maria Joseph
Samruddhi Pathak
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Abhiruchi Chowdhury
GP Team
Nuha Aamina
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
S Shaji
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Ayan Datta
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Advik S Mohan
IPRI Team
Rohit Paswan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ayan Datta
Shreya Jagadeesan
Bishwarupa Kar
Saritha VK & Mahesh Mohan
Sruthy
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Advik S Mohan
Neha Tresa George
Samruddhi Pathak
Neha Tresa George
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ayan Datta
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Sayeka Ghosh
GP Team
Neha Tresa George
Advik S Mohan
Ramya B
Sim V
Pummy Lathigara
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Arya Madhavan S
Ankita Chakra
Rianne Rajath P
GP Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Swagathi Annabel
Bishwarupa Kar
Ayush Bhattacharjee
Shifa Moideen
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
L S Hareesh
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Ayan Datta
Vaneeta
Pummy Lathigara
Ms Ramya
Nivetha B
Leivon Victor Lamkang
Siddhima M
Pranesh Selvaraj
Dhriti Mukherjee
Nandini Khandelwal
Prajwal T V
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Govind Anoop
Shreya Jagadeesan
Rohit Paswan
Nupur Priya
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
GP Team
Shilpa Jospeh
Samruddhi Pathak
Sayeka Ghosh
Govind Anoop
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Neha Tresa George
Padmashree Anandhan
Diya Madhavan
GP Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Vaneeta
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ashwini Barla
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Ramya B
Prajwal T V
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Sayeka Ghosh
Ayan Datta
Karthik Manoharan
Prajwal TV
Mayank Bharti
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Deepika Seervi
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
Anu Maria Joseph
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Prajwal T V
Rohini Reenum
IPRI Team
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Neha Tresa George
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
Torunika Roy
GP Team
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Mugdha Chaturvedi
Dhriti Mukherjee
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
Vaneeta
Kavithasri M
Mallika Joseph
Rohini Reenum
Padmashree Anandhan
Tiara Marie Warjri
GP Team
Femy Francis
Akhil Ajith
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
Padmashree Anandhan
Femy Francis
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
Devi Chandana M
Alka Bala
D Suba Chandran
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
Rohini Reenum
Dhriti Mukherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
Lakshmi Karlekar
GP Team
Sayeka Ghosh
IPRI Team
Nupur Priya
GP Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
IPRI Team
Vaneeta
Arya Prasad
Sayeka Ghosh
Alka Bala
Diya Madhavan
IPRI Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rosemary Kurian
Alka Bala
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
T C A Raghavan
IPRI Team
Karthik Manoharan
Rosemary Kurian
NIAS Africa Team
Manasa G
GP Team
IPRI Team
D Rohan Kumar
LS Hareesh
Ramya B
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS South Asia Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Latin America Team
NIAS South Asia Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Alka Bala
IPRI Team
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Alka Bala
Rosemary Kurian
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
GP Team
Femy Francis
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
CEAP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
GP team
Hoimi Mukherjee
Richa Chandola
Aprajita Kashyap
Shreya Pandey
Binod Khanal
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Anu Maria Joseph
Nuha Aamina
Alka Bala
Sayani Rana
​​​​​​​Ashok Alex Luke
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Femy Francis
Amit Gupta
Kuri Sravan Kumar
Yogeshwari S
Abhishek Ranjan
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Akhil Ajith
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
Femy Francis
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
Jerry Franklin
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Nithyashree RB
PR Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishika Yadav
Sreeja JS
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
GP Team
IPRI Team
PR Team
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin A
IPRI Team
Dhriti Mukherjee
PR Team
Femy Francis
Shamini Velayutham
Sneha Surendran
PR Team
PR Team
PR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sneha Surendran
Heribert Dieter
IPRI Team
Nithyashree RB
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Sneha Surendran
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
Jerry Franklin A
Rishika Yadav
GP Team
IPRI Team
Jerry Franklin A
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
Rishika Yadav
IPRI Team
D Suba Chandran
GP Team
Indrani Talukdar
IPRI Team
S Shaji
Jerry Franklin A
Sneha Surendran
Himani Pant
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
Rubina Pradhan
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Nithyashree RB
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Devjyoti Saha
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin A
Anu Maria Joseph
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala
GP Team
IPRI Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Sneha Surendran
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Jerry Franklin
IPRI Team
Bibhu Prasad Routray
NIAS Africa Team
Jerry Franklin
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George
Nithyashree RB
Sreeja JS
Rishika Yadav
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Devjyoti Saha
Indrani Talukdar
Debangana Chatterjee
Kasturi Chatterjee
Ankita Dutta
Amrita Purkayastha
GP Team
Lakshmi Parimala H
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
D Suba Chandran
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Ankit Singh
Anu Maria Joseph
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Ankit Singh
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Madhura Mahesh
Harini Madhusudan
Avishka Ashok
Akriti Sharma
Padmashree Anandhan
Poulomi Mondal
Mohaimeen Khan
Padmashree Anandhan
Madhura Mahesh
Padmashree Anandhan
Janardhan G
Avishka Ashok
Anu Maria Joseph
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rashmi BR
Kaviyadharshini A
Avishka Ashok
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vignesh Ram
Sai Pranav
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
Mathew Sonu Simon
Sourina Bej
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Rishma Banerjee
Sai Pranav
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Padmashree Anandhan
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
Avishka Ashok
Angelin Archana
Shreya Upadhyay
Uma Purushothaman
Debangana Chatterjee
Himani Pant
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Avishka Ashok
GP Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sourina Bej
Padmashree Anandhan
Padmashree Anandhan
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Avishka Ashok
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
Emmanuel Selva Royan
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Rishma Banerjee
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
S Shaji
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
Naina Singh
GP Team
Amit Gupta
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
NIAS Africa Team
STIR Team
STIR Team
NIAS Africa Team
GP Team
NIAS Africa Team
Anu Maria Joseph
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Joeana Cera Matthews
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Team
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
IPRI Team
STIR Team
Shalini Balaiah
Angelin Archana
Prakash Panneerselvam
N Jayaram
S Shaji
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Joeana Cera Matthews
Padmashree Anandhan
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harshita Rathore
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
Ankit Singh
Sneha M
Vishnu Prasad
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Vaishnavi Iyer
Joeana Cera Matthews
Sneha M
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ankit Singh
STIR Team
GP Team
Padmashree Anandhan
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sourina Bej
IPRI Team
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sneha M
D. Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
Ankit Singh
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
D. Suba Chandran
D. Suba Chandran
Chetna Vinay Bhora
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Aswathy Koonampilly
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Vineeth Daniel Vinoy
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Juan Mary Joseph
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
Sukanya Bali
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
IPRI Team
Bhuvan Ningania
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
IPRI Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Anu Maria Joseph
GP Team
Jeshil J Samuel
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Anu Maria Joseph
Sankalp Gurjar
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lokendra Sharma
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Dincy Adlakha
Dincy Adlakha
Joeana Cera MatthewsÂ
GP Team
IPRI Team
STIR Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholar
GP Team
IPRI Team
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Anju Joseph
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
Sarthak Jain
Sourina Bej
Vibha Venugopal
Dincy Adlakha
Udbhav Krishna P
Joeana Cera Matthews
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
Julia Mathew
Dhanushaa P
GP Team
IPRI Team
SDP Scholars
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
​​​​​​​Rashmi BR
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Akriti Sharma
Avishka Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Sukanya Bali
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Apoorva Sudhakar
Avishka Ashok
Harini Madhusudan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
D Suba Chandran
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Apoorva Sudhakar
Teshu Singh
Rashmi Ramesh
Aparaajita Pandey
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Sandip Kumar Mishra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Gunjan Singh
Sukanya Bali
Sumedha ChatterjeeÂ
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
IPRI Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
Savithri Sellapperumage
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Rashmi Ramesh
Mallika Devi
IPRI Team
Srikumar Pullat
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Lokendra Sharma
GP Team
Nancy Pathak
Shreya Sinha
Kamna Tiwary
Tamanna Khosla
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
Vaishali Handique
Sneha Tadkal
Unnikrishnan M J
Rashmi Ramesh
A Padmashree
Oviya A J
Harini Sha P
Chavindi Weerawansha
Arjun C
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Samreen Wani
Sankalp Gurjar
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
Sourina Bej
GP Team
IPRI Team
Harini Madhusudan
Samreen Wani
GP Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
GP Team
GP Team
IPRI Team
IPRI Team
Mahesh Bhatta
N. Manoharan
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Harini Sha P
Rashmi Ramesh
Sourina Bej
D. Suba Chandran
Harini Madhusudan
La Toya Waha
Jenice Jean Goveas
Sanduni Atapattu
Chavindi Weerawansha
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Natasha Fernando
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
N Manoharan
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Jenice Jean Goveas
Fatemah Ghafori
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Lakshmi V Menon
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
IPRI Team
La Toya Waha
D. Suba Chandran
Rohej Khatiwada
Rashmi Ramesh
Kabi AdhikariÂ
Malini SethuramanÂ
Aarathi Srinivasan
Roshni Sharma
Rashmi Ramesh
Dhruv Ashok
Prathiksha Ravi
Aswathy K
Padmini Anilkumar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Lakshmi V Menon
Sourina Bej
Sukanya Bali
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Sukanya Bali
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Aashiyana Adhikari
GP Team
Shailesh Nayak
Lakshmi V Menon
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Sourina Bej
Rashmi Ramesh
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Rashmi Ramesh
Harini Madhusudan
Parikshith Pradeep
GP Team
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
D. Suba Chandran
Parikshith Pradeep
Nidhi Dalal
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Sourina Bej
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Sukanya Bali
GP Team
GP Team
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
Sukanya Bali
Parikshith Pradeep
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Mahesh Bhatta
Titsala Sangtam
Lakshmi V Menon
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sourina Bej
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Raakhavee Ramesh
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Mahath Mangal
Titsala Sangtam
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Mahath Mangal
Sourina Bej
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Harini Madhusudan
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
GP Team
GP Team
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Lakshmi V Menon
GP Team
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
GP Team
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
GP Team
D. Suba Chandran
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
GP Team
Mahesh Bhatta
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudan
Sourina Bej
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Harini Madhusudan
Ryan Mitra
Sourina Bej
Harini Madhusudan
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Nasima Khatoon
Harini Madhusudhan
Sourina Bej
Ryan Mitra
Hely Desai
Young Scholars Debate
Siddhatti Mehta
Sourina Bej
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudhan
Druta Bhatt
Divyabharathi E
Apoorva Sudhakar
Divyabharathi E
Oishee Majumdar
D. Suba Chandran
Sourina Bej
Gayan Gowramma KC
Druta Bhatt
Siddhatti Mehta
Miti Shah
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Harini Madhusudan
Apoorva Sudhakar
Hely Desai
Manushi Kapadia
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Divyabharathi E
Miti Shah
Hely Desai
Druta Bhatt
Manushi Kapadia
Miti Shah
Divyabharathi E
Hely Desai
Apoorva Sudhakar
Lakshmi V Menon
Samreen Wani
Divyabharathi E
Ann Maria Shibu
Dhruv Ashok
Lakshmi V Menon
Harini Madhusudan
Jamyang Dolma
Divyabharathi E
Lakshmi V Menon
Jamyang Dolma
Shalini E
Dhruv Ashok
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ann Maria Shibu
Divyabharathi E