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NIAS Fortnightly on Science, Technology & International Relations
Reviewing the COP 26: Major Agreements, Issues, and Challenges
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STIR Team
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Vol 1, No 13, 11 January 2022
By Rashmi Ramesh, Keerthana Nambiar and Akriti Sharma
COVER STORY
Reviewing the COP 26: Major Agreements, Issues, and Challenges
COP 26 concluded with three major agreements on methane, coal and deforestation. Previous initiatives/agreements on methane, coal and deforestation have not delivered the commitment. The new agreements will have to fix loopholes of the previous ones to be successful.
Click here for the PDF file
I
The Agreements
Global Methane Pledge
On 2 November 2021, the second day of the COP26, the US and the European Union jointly launched the Global Methane Pledge, an agreement to reduce methane emissions by 30 per cent from 2020 levels in the next ten years. Over 100 countries are signatories to the pledge, representing approximately 50 per cent of all the methane emitted.
The pledge was jointly proposed by the US and the European Union in September 2021 as a primer to the possible expectations from the COP26 to be held in November at Glasgow. Under this, signatories agree to the following.
First, to reduce anthropogenic methane emissions by at least 30 per cent below 2020 levels.
Second, to focus on national commitments to meet the target, and particularly concentrate on energy, agriculture and waste sectors.
Third, invest in technology and innovations in forms of partnerships and incentives.
Fourth, support other methane-related international initiatives and the International Methane Emissions Observatory.
Fifth, maintain transparency, conduct annual progress reviews, and encourage private participants to take voluntary actions towards cutting methane emissions.
("Explained: What is the Global Methane Pledge, and why is methane significant for climate change?," The Indian Express, 03 November 2021) ("About the Global Methane Pledge," Global Methane Pledge)("Global Methane Pledge," Climate and Clean Air Coalition, 2021).
Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement
On 4 November 2021, 23 countries made new commitments to 'phase-out coal.' In the new agreement' Global Coal to Clean Power Transition Statement', 40 countries are transitioning away from coal to clean energy. The largest coal-using countries, China, India, and the US, did not sign-up for the agreement. By the end of 2021, major international banks have committed to end financing to unabated coal power effectively.
Alok Sharma, the COP26 President, said: "the end of coal is now within sight. Securing a 190-strong coalition to phase out coal power and end support for new coal power plants and the Just Transition Declaration signed today, shows a real international commitment to not leave any nation behind...together we can accelerate access to electricity for more than three quarters of a billion people who currently lack access, consigning energy poverty to history as we create the clean power future needed to keep 1.5 alive." The UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres said: "it is time to go into emergency mode. The climate battle is the fight of our lives and that fight must be won" ("End of Coal in Sight at COP26," United Nations Climate Change, 4 November 2021; "Global coal to clean power transition statement", UNFCCC, 4 November 2021).
Glasgow declaration on forests and land use
On 2 November, at COP 26, the world leaders signed the 'Glasgow declaration on forests and land use'. The declaration reaffirmed "respective commitments, collective and individual, to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Paris Agreement, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the UN Convention to Combat Desertification, the Sustainable Development Goals; and other relevant initiatives." It further reaffirmed commitments to sustainable land use and the conservation, protection, sustainable management and restoration of forests, and other terrestrial ecosystems." The pledge includes nearly USD 19.2 billion of public and private funds.
Around 141 countries signed the agreement, including Brazil, where deforestation in Amazon has been blatant. Additionally, Vatican City, Nicaragua, Singapore, and Turkmenistan are the new signatories to the declaration. The signatories together constitute about 90.94 per cent of the forest area. Brazil, Congo, and Indonesia, the countries that account for most deforestation, have also signed the declaration. The declaration aims at the following- first, to conserve and restore forests and other terrestrial systems. Second, facilitate domestic and international sustainable trade policies that do not drive land degradation and deforestation. Third, reduce vulnerability and enhance indigenous communities and rural livelihood. Fourth, promote sustainable agriculture policies to ensure food security. Fifth, reaffirm financial assistance from the public and private sectors on the above objectives. Sixth, facilitate financial aid with the international policies on deforestation, sustainable land use, climate change and biodiversity. ("Glasgow declaration on forests and land use", UN Climate Change Conference UK 2021, 2 November 2021).
II
Historical Initiatives
Methane
Before the global methane pledge, initiatives were predominantly country or region-specific and lacked a solid agreement to cut down methane emissions. Much of the initiatives have been undertaken by the European Union. The European Commission adopted a strategy in 1996 to reduce emissions from landfills, which halved the methane emissions. In 2020, the European Green Deal adopted a strategy to reduce methane emissions as part of its attempt to cut down overall GHG concentration by 55 per cent in the forthcoming decade.
The Climate and Clean Air Coalition (CCAC), based in UNEP, has been set up with 71 countries and 78 non-state actors. The focus is on curbing four major SLCPs and initiatives on waste management, hydrocarbons, and improvement of techniques on agriculture and the primary sector at large. CCAC's Mineral Methane Initiative, which reduces emissions from the hydrocarbon sector, has three projects- The oil and Gas Methane Partnership, the Global Methane Alliance, and the Methane Science Studies. Through their implementation, it targets to cut down methane emissions from the energy sector by 45 per cent by 2025.
The UNEP announced the International Methane Emissions Observatory (IMEO) in March 2021 and was launched at the G20 Summit with support from the European Commission. IMEO was set up based on the CCAC's Mineral Methane Initiative, and it focuses on addressing the gap between data collection and strategic action ("IMEO History", UN Environment Program; "Joint EU-US Press Release on the Global Methane Pledge", European Commission, 18 September 2021; "International Methane Emissions Observatory", UN Environment Program).
Coal
International efforts to phase out coal have always been made, without significant results. Over the last decades, countries worldwide have signed various agreements to slow down global warming with hollow pledges. The Kyoto Protocol, 2005 was the first agreement to legally bind countries to climate change requiring developed countries to reduce emissions. However, the treaty failed to compel developing countries to take action thus, becoming unsuccessful. The Paris Agreement, 2015, is deemed the most significant and partially successful pact so far. It requires governments to set targets, submits their achievements, and aim for a global net-zero. Some countries acted upon the pledge and made a considerable difference; others failed. ("Global Climate Agreements: Successes and Failures", Council of Foreign Affairs, 17 November 2021; "The future of coal in a carbon-constrained climate," Nature, 27 July 2020)
Deforestation
The New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF) was adopted in 2014 to restore and conserve the forests. It aimed at reducing 50 per cent deforestation by 2020 and halting it by 2030. Forty countries signed the agreement. It is known as the starting point for global agreements on forests. It was endorsed in the Climate Summit of 2014 and had more than 200 endorsers, including non-governmental organizations, civil society groups and indigenous people, and private organizations. The participation was limited as significant countries like Brazil and Russia were not a part of the declaration. According to the reports, the agreement had not achieved its targets and halted deforestation. The agreement failed to address deforestation, which was happening at an alarming rate. ("The New York Declaration on Forests (NYDF)", NYDF; Mark Kinver, "World' losing battle against deforestation'", BBC, 12 September 2019)
III
Issues: Methane, Coal, Deforestation
Methane
Methane is a short-lived powerful greenhouse gas, with an atmospheric lifetime of approximately 12 years. According to the CCAC, "short-lived climate pollutants (SLCPs) are powerful climate forcers that remain in the atmosphere for a much shorter period of time than carbon dioxide (CO2), yet their potential to warm the atmosphere can be many times greater". The four prominent SLCPs- black carbon, methane, hydrofluorocarbons and methane- contribute to around 45 per cent of human-induced global warming. In other words, there is a profound and stronger impact on the biosphere.
Studies have proved that methane attracts more radiation and can push global temperatures despite its short atmospheric lifespan. The IPCC notes that methane's impact on climate change is recorded as 86 times greater than carbon dioxide in 20 years and is responsible for at least 25 per cent of the warming being experienced today.
Naturally, methane is emitted by wetlands and the decomposition of biomass, and this accounts for 40 per cent of all the methane emitted. The remaining 60 per cent comes from hydrocarbons, coal mining, livestock rearing, fracking, landfills, agriculture (mostly rice production), and biomass burning. When further specifically categorized, anthropogenic methane emissions are a result of agriculture and livestock rearing (40 per cent), fossil fuels (35 per cent) and waste sector (20 per cent).
Kayrros, a European technology start-up, developed a tool to detect and point to the sources of methane from outer space. Scientists combine the data received from Copernicus Sentinel-5P and Sentinel-2 and, using artificial intelligence, accurately point to the source. For instance, Kayrros detected significant amounts of methane, around 164 tonnes per hour emanating from the Yamal-Europe pipeline along with Russia, Belarus, Poland and Germany, in 2019-20 ("Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report", Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2014; "What are short-lived climate pollutants?", Climate and Clean Air Coalition; "New global methane pledge aims to tackle climate change", UN Environment Program, 2021; "Monitoring methane emissions from gas pipelines", The European Space Agency, 4 March 2021; "Explained: What is the Global methane Pledge, and why is methane significant for climate change?", Indian Express, 3 November 2021)
Coal
Climate change is one of the biggest challenges that threatens mankind. Burning fossil fuels causes the most severe and long-term impacts and, when released, reacts with oxygen in the air forming carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide works as a blanket surrounding the earth's atmosphere thus, heating the planet- global warming. The world witnessed the consequences of global warming with growing risks of floods, droughts, heatwaves, clarifying that an unchecked climate change could lead to profound ecological disruption. Cutting down carbon emissions is essential to battle climate change. The process of extracting fossil fuels and burning coal threatens the landscape with a serious loss of habitat, jeopardizes the water bodies with the challenge of spilling heavy metals and radioactive materials in the freshwater and compromising the earth's natural greenhouse effect. The rise in sea levels, coastal flooding, and species loss impacts global warming.
Millions of years of prehistoric organisms, vascular and nonvascular plants, organic-inorganic materials, water, oxygen are the components of coal. However, coal combustion takes a toll on the climate and the entire ecosystem. It releases nitrous oxide (N2O), methane, and sulphur among carbon dioxide (CO2). These gases form volatile organic compounds (VOCs) interacting with the ground-level ozone magnifying the ozone layer depletion. Besides the gases, burning coal produces solid waste consisting of toxic elements like arsenic, cadmium, selenium, boron, cobalt and creates a serious negative impact on the environment. Coal exposes the environment to naturally occurring isotopes and low levels of uranium and thorium, impacting flora and fauna of the world. The coal plants use 'pulverized coal' technology which grinds the coal, burns it further to form steam and runs it through turbines to generate electricity. ("How Coal Works," Union of Concerned Scientists, 18 December 2017; "Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health," Science Direct, 2 April 2021)
Deforestation
According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), deforestation of the world's forests is increasing at an alarming rate. According to the Global Forest Watch, in 2010, the world had 3.92 Gha of tree cover, extending over 30 per cent of its land area. In 2020, it lost 25.8 Mha of tree cover. Brazil, Russia, Canada, the US, and the Democratic Republic of Congo account for 55 per cent of global forests. However, in Brazil, deforestation has taken place at an alarming rate. Forests are sources of 283 gigatons of carbon. According to a report by the Chatham House titled "Rethinking the Brazilian Amazon Sustainable development for a thriving future", the Amazon is switching from being a carbon sink to a carbon emitter. The forests are major carbon sinks and have a role in reducing greenhouse gases. However, deforestation leads to converting the sinks into emitters of gases.
Deforestation happens due to various reasons. First, agricultural activities. The increasing demand for food is resulting in high rates of deforestation. The meat and food industry is a significant cause of deforestation. According to the Global Forest Watch, beef and soy result in increasing deforestation rates. According to FAO, agriculture leads to 80 per cent of deforestation. Second, urbanization, overpopulation indirectly causes it. Third, illegal logging; wooden products, infrastructure and paper, are some products for which the demand for wood. Fourth, mining for coal and oil demand increases the demand for forest land. Fifth, forest fires caused by natural and human-induced factors also increase large amounts of forest land.
Carbon is found in several pools in the forests in the form of· the vegetation and biomass (35-65 per cent). At the global level, 19 per cent of the carbon in the earth's biosphere is stored in plants, and 81 per cent in the soil. In all forests, tropical, temperate and boreal together, approximately 31 per cent of the carbon is stored in the biomass and 69 per cent in the soil. In tropical forests, approximately 50 per cent of the carbon is stored in the biomass and 50 per cent in the soil.
The process of photosynthesis explains why forests function as carbon sinks, removing CO2 from the atmosphere. They serve as CO2 sinks when they grow biomass or extend their area. The participation of forests in climate change is thus three-fold. First, they are carbon pools. Second, they can become carbon emitters by deforestation. (Georgina Rannard & Francesca Gillett, "COP26: World leaders promise to end deforestation by 2030", BBC, 2 November 2021"; "Forests and climate change Carbon and the greenhouse effect", FAO).
IV
Significance and Challenges
Methane
Global Methane Pledge is the first concrete international agreement on methane that brings together countries representing nearly two-thirds of the global economy. If implemented and realized to the fullest, this could act as a game-changer in meeting the Paris Agreement's targets and keeping the warming below 1.5 degrees.
The Global Methane Assessment, a study by the UNEP and Climate and Clean Air Coalition, concluded that decreasing anthropogenic methane emissions by 45 per cent in the next ten years would help avert warming of 0.3 degrees, which can go a long way in tackling the effects of climate change. Alongside, the study also showed it will "prevent 2,55,000 premature deaths, 7,75,000 asthma-related hospital visits, 73 billion hours of lost labour from extreme heat, and 26 million tonnes of crop losses globally."
Curbing methane emissions is also an effective tool to fight climate change in the short run. In the words of Inger Anderson, the Executive Director of UNEP, "cutting methane emissions is the best way to slow climate change over the next 25 years. The Global Methane Pledge has great potential to increase ambition and improve cooperation by countries". While immediate and urgent targets are being met, states and businesses are benefitted from the precious time they avail for reducing carbon dioxide, which is a long-term plan.
The pledge also comes with some crucial challenges. First, though states that are part of the pledge represent 50 per cent of the methane emitted, significant emitters, including China, India, Iran and Russia, are not signatories, which hinders the full realization of the global targets. Second, much similar to other climate-related agreements, the commitments towards the pledge are voluntary and lack a strong enforcement mechanism. Third, the global economy is under severe pressure due to the pandemic. States and businesses find the need to bounce back and eventually support practices contributing to climate change. ("New global methane pledge aims to tackle climate change", UN Environmental Program, 22 September 2021)
Coal
Over the last year, governments worldwide have vouched to make a difference with pledges and promise to reduce the greenhouses and reach the goal of carbon neutrality. Recently, with the active participation of international organizations like the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) with the Paris Agreement have started taking concrete steps to make visible changes and announce long-term goals. At the recent COP26 summit, the 200 countries accepted the deal to accelerate moves to "phase down" coal. The agreement calls for developed nations to raise funds for under-developed and developing nations to adapt to climate measures. The pledges control the temperature rise predicted by 2030 with a target of 1.5 degrees Celsius. Predicting the rise in global temperature by 1.5 degrees Celsius to avoid the catastrophic effects of climate change. If the temperature reaches the threshold of 2 degrees Celsius, then there will be no going back.
Coal is one of the biggest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The major challenge of the deal was negotiations of phrasing coal 'phase down' rather than 'phase-out'. The commitments made by the countries to tackle climate change have not been ambitious enough. The pledges compel countries to limit financing the coal industry's expansion, and coal investments have slowed down. Countries have delivered less than enough without making serious contributions, keeping track of the current policies. Despite decades of knowledge on the impacts of coal on the environment, there have been no significant efforts to restrict the power sector from using coal. A billion-dollar industry like coal mining employs millions of people and creates revenues boosting the economies of many countries.
The statement only focuses on coal and ignores other fossil fuels such as oil and gas. However, taking into account fossil fuels will help better. ("Over 40 Countries Pledge at UN Climate Summit to End Use of Coal Power," The New York Times, 6 November 2021; "COP26: World agrees to phase out fossil fuel subsidies and reduce coal," New Scientist, 13 November 2021; "COP26: Can the World Slash Coal Use by 2030?," Council on Foreign Relations, 10 November 2021)
Deforestation
The declaration is the second step towards deforestation on a global level after the NYDF. However, it has more participation than NYDF. Growing industrialization and globalization has led to reduced forest cover. Even though little is achieved through such declarations, they are important institutions to restrict deforestation globally. Such concrete agreements are the first step towards limiting deforestation. A multilevel approach to address national and domestic issues of environmental degradation are significant. It also becomes a channel to support the indigenous communities and link them to the global system of environmental governance. Inclusion of the countries that are the source of maximum deforestation, including Brazil, Indonesia, and the Democratic Republic of Congo, is an attempt to watch globally at their activities resulting in deforestation. Such declarations at the global level are a watchdog for the countries to reduce deforestation. Additionally, such declarations also help generate little finance from the developed world to keep in check deforestation in the least developed and developing countries.
One of the significant challenges of the declaration is its non-binding nature. There is a difference between the global declarations and the practice at the domestic and national levels. The international institutions will have to ensure that such declarations work as watchdogs. Second, the issue of funding. The developing and least developed countries fall short of resources to address issues such as deforestation.
V
The Road Ahead
Methane
First, there is a need to address the cycle. Methane is a major source of global warming and climate change, and in turn, warming is also responsible for releasing methane. While climate change results in permafrost thaw in the Arctic and other parts of the cryosphere, the thaw releases methane held within otherwise.
Second, reducing methane emissions with existing technologies and capacity and fixing crucial loopholes like leaky oil and gas pipelines will go a long way. It is necessary to pave the way for efficiency in existing technologies rather than investing in new technology to which the developing world has no access. According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), more than 75 per cent of the methane emissions can be mitigated by efficient use of existing technology, with nearly no additional costs.
Coal
First, coal is the crux of political realities and has become a medium of diplomacy, given that the coal industry is a powerful stakeholder. Governments face a challenge striking a balance between economic growth and the pressing need to transition away from coal.
Second, costs and viability. A viable coal phase-out strategy demands sufficient funds and investments in alternative energy sources and efficient technology. Under the current climate deal, finance and development banks have pledged USD 20 billion to help governments shift to cleaner energy. The effectiveness of such pledges might be limited.
Third, coal pollution controls. Pollution control technologies have been introduced, and pre and post-combustion technologies to capture CO2. Carbon capture and storage technology captures CO2, transports it to a "geologic sequestration" site, and pumped it into the ground.
The recent agreement is a very small step where a giant leap was required. In order to reach the agreed targets and pledges, governments must strategize to phase-down coal rapidly. With the looming political challenge, perfectly synthesized roadmaps are necessary. Effectively using a combination of techniques and policies and integrating stakeholders into the process is vital for success.
The induction of modern and effective technologies is a necessity. The momentum of achieving the goals can only be accelerated by inculcating technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the process. Moving ahead, technology would be a game-changer in solving energy challenges, regulating the ups and downs while transitioning to renewable energy.
The world has to contemplate more partnerships. At the COP 26 Summit, the 'Global Energy Alliance for People and Planet' partnerships, Green Hydrogen Alliances, were formed to transition to cleaner energy and help developing economies grow.
Deforestation
First, a sustainable approach. To limit deforestation, the demand for wooden products and meat needs to decrease. The meat industry and their land-use need to be checked. The governments need to have stringent environmental regulations in place for the same. The development needs to be sustainable.
Second, a multilevel approach. Deforestation and land-use need to be addressed at global, regional, national, sub-national and local level. At the local level, the idegenous communities have played a key role in conserving the forests. Following a bottom-up approach through shifting some authority to the local community in forest management can be effective.
Readings
Lindsay Maizland, "COP26: Can the World Slash Coal Use by 2030?," Council on Foreign Relations, 10 November 2021
"Global coal to clean power transition statement", UNFCCC, 4 November 2021
Brad Plumer and Lisa Friedman, "Over 40 Countries Pledge at UN Climate Summit to End Use of Coal Power," The New York Times, 6 November 2021
Jakob, M et al, "The future of coal in a carbon-constrained climate," Nature, 27 July 2020
Adam, Vaughon, "COP26: World agrees to phase out fossil fuel subsidies and reduce coal," New Scientist, 13 November 2021
"End of Coal in Sight at COP26," United Nations Climate Change, 4 November 2021
Juciano Gasparotto, Kátia Da Boit Martinello, "Coal as an energy source and its impacts on human health," Science Direct, 2 April 2021
"At COP26, nations strike a climate deal with coal compromise," NPR, 13 November 2021
"How Coal Works," Union of Concerned Scientists, 18 December 2017
"Explained: What is the Global Methane Pledge, and why is methane significant for climate change?", The Indian Express, 03 November 2021
"Glasgow declaration on forests and land use", United Nation Climate Change Conference UK 2021, 2 November 2021
"IMEO History", UN Environment Program
"Joint EU-US Press Release on the Global Methane Pledge", European Commission, 18 September 2021)
"International Methane Emissions Observatory", UN Environment Program
Georgina Rannard & Francesca Gillett, "COP26: World leaders promise to end deforestation by 2030", BBC, 2 November 2021"
"Forests and climate change Carbon and the greenhouse effect", FAO
"New global methane pledge aims to tackle climate change", UN Environmental Program, 22 September 2021
About the authors
Rashmi Ramesh and Akriti Sharma are PhD Scholars at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS. Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar is currently pursuing her post-graduation in International Relations at Maharajas College, University of Mysore.
In Brief
By Harini Madhusudan and Akriti Sharma
The James Webb Space Telescope successful launch
On 08 January, the final wing of the James Webb Space Telescope was deployed. On 25 December 2021, the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was launched. The telescope is headed for the Sun-Earth Lagrange Point 2 (L2), a gravitationally stable spot about 1.5 million kilometers that lie opposite the Sun. This spot is popular for several other space telescopes like the Planck Space Observatory and the Herschel Space Telescope. The Webb is currently on its 29-day trip to its observing spot as the largest and the most powerful space telescope ever launched.
The JWST results from a massive collaboration that involves over 200 universities, organizations, and companies across 14 countries and 29 US states. The telescope is the product of international cooperation between NASA, the ESA, and the Canadian Space Agency. The JWST would look at the exoplanets that were identified through the Kepler Space Telescope. The nominal duration of the telescope is five years but the ESA says the goal is ten years.
According to NASA, the telescope is designed to focus on four main areas. "The light in the universe, assembly in the galaxy in the early universe, the birth of stars and protoplanetary systems, and planets (including the origins of life.)" Once launched, the telescope would initially undergo a series of science and calibration tests, including sunshield deployment, telescope deployment, instrument turn-on, and telescope alignment. The best images from the telescope are expected to emerge six months after the launch. The JWST's predecessor, the Hubble telescope, remains in good health and creates the probability of the two telescopes working together in the early years of the Webb.
Though the JWST is the successor of the Hubble Space Telescope, it is believed that the Webb would aid Hubble. It is believed that scientific advancements are all about "standing on the shoulders of giants," and thus, the JWST goals would be motivated by the results that Hubble has captured through the years. A major difference between James Webb and Hubble is that the JWST will orbit the Sun while the Hubble has been orbiting the Earth, and unlike Hubble, which could be accessed and serviced by space shuttle missions, JWST would be too far away to be serviced. The James Webb was slated for launch in 2007, and since then a combination of political hesitancy and engineering/project problems have led to the innumerable delays of the launch. (Elizabeth Howell and Daisy Dobrijevic, "NASA's James Webb Space Telescope: The Ultimate Guide," Space. Com, 25 December 2021;
Keith Cooper, "A New Cosmic Dawn,", Physics World, 07 January 2022; Jonathan Amos, "James Webb Telescope extends secondary mirror,", BBC, 06 January 2022)
COVID-19: Omicron is less severe, reveal studies
On 31 December, according to the New York Times, a study on mice and hamsters revealed that Omicron is less severe than the previous variants of COVID-19. The variant is less harmful to the lungs and often restricts itself to the upper respiratory system. It has caused reduced difficulty in breathing.
On 26 November 2021, the World Health Organization declared Omicron as a "variant of concern", and it was first found in South Africa. Scientists have found out that this variant has more than 50 mutations. It was also observed that the variant was more infectious than previous variants but was milder, resulting in fewer hospitalization rates, especially in the vaccinated population.
A consortium of Japanese and Americans have conducted studies on mice and hamsters. It has been found out that those infected with Omicron had less lung damage, lost less weight, and were less likely to die. Even the studies performed on the Syrian mice who are known to get severely ill by the previous variants of COVID-19 had a mild illness. According to a study performed by a researcher from the University of Hong Kong, who studied bits of tissue taken from human airways in 12 lung samples, the researchers found that Omicron grew less than the Delta. A similar study on the tissues of bronchi found that Omicron grew less than Delta. However, British scientists have found that Omicron effectively damages nasal cells, and while breathing, they release more virus load through the nose, making it more infectious. According to the New York Times, a team of British Scientists have found out that an omicron replicates itself faster in a cell than the delta variant.
Although the virus is highly infectious and has been a major concern for countries like the US and the UK, scientific studies have proven that Omicron is less severe and less likely to land people in hospitals. Lower morbidity rates are a relief for the states. However, in countries with less vaccinated populations, the variant is more harmful. The unvaccinated population is at high risk. The countries need to fully vaccinate the population and provide boosters. Vaccine inequity is a primary concern which has led the less developed countries in becoming breeding grounds for the mutants. (Carl Zimmer and Azeen Ghorayshi, "Studies Suggest Why Omicron Is Less Severe: It Spares the Lungs", The New York Times, 31 December 2021; Carl Zimmer and Andrew Jacobs, "Omicron: What We Know About the New Coronavirus Variant", The New York Times, 3 January 2022)
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Nelson Mandela's South Africa: The dream and the reality
Ken B Varghese
South Africa’s 30 years of democracy
Pummy Lathigara
28 July 2005: IRA announces the end of its armed campaign
Nivetha B
29 July 1958: The US establishes NASA
Leivon Victor Lamkang
29 July 1957: IAEA comes into force
Pranesh Selvaraj
4 August 2007: The US launches Phoenix, a mission to Mars
Nandini Khandelwal
Saddam Hussein becomes the President of Iraq
Ronakk Tijoriwala
Five women organise the Women's Rights Convention in the US
Shreya Jagadeesan
23 July 2020: China Launches its First Mission to Mars
Rohit Paswan
24 July 1911: The Rediscovery of Machu Picchu
Neha Tresa George
South Africa: The Decline of the ANC
Shilpa Joseph
South Africa Elections 1996-2024: An Overview
Vetriselvi Baskaran
South Africa Election 2024: Course, Issues and Outcomes
Vetriselvi Baskaran
A surge in attacks on girl’s school in Pakistan
Dhriti Mukherjee
Growth and Investment in Pakistan: Four Takeaways
Dhriti Mukherjee
Pakistan: The decision to ban PTI
Shilpa Jospeh
Portugal: Democrats win over socialists by a thin margin
Govind Anoop
Hungary: Right Wing wins; Support shifts to Centre
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Belgium: Extremist parties see narrow win
Padmashree Anandhan
France: Rise of Far-right triggers political crisis
Karthik Manoharan
05 July 1962: The Algerian War comes to an end
Ayan Datta & Sayeka Ghosh
US Presidential Debate 2024: Trump exposes Biden’s weaknesses, promises stronger America
Vetriselvi Baskaran
One year of war in Sudan: Regional Implications
Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan: One Year of Civil War
Anu Maria Joseph
30 years after the Rwandan Genocide
Vetriselvi Baskaran
The 37th African Union Summit: Five takeaways
Anu Maria Joseph
Elections in Senegal: A democratic victory in Africa
Jerry Franklin A
South Africa Elections 2024: Five questions
Anu Maria Joseph
The Gambia: The genital cutting and the return of the FGM debate
Dhriti Mukherjee
Haiti: The UN backed Kenyan police force lands
Vetriselvi Baskaran
Punjab budget 2024-25: Prioritising Health and Initiatives
Dhriti Mukherjee
Sindh Provincial Budget 2024-25: Urban and Political
Padmashree Anandhan
European People’s Party (EPP) Leads with clear majority Country wise breakup
Neha Tresa George
EU elections - Part II: A profile of recent four elections (2004-2019)
Shilpa Joseph and Ken Varghese
Voting for the next MEPs
Femy Francis | Research Assistant at NIAS
06 May 1882: The US President signs the Chinese Exclusion Act, restricting immigration from China
Mugdha Chaturvedi
20 May 2002: East Timor becomes an independent country
Dhriti Mukherjee
Ten Years of CPEC-1 (Dasu Hydropower Project: A Profile)
By young scholars of NIAS Course on Global Politics: Contemporary World Order and Theories. Compiled by Sayeka Ghosh.
South Korea Elections 2024: An interview with Dr Sandip Mishra and Dr Vyjayanti Raghavan
By the NIAS-IPRI Course scholars on Contemporary Conflicts, Peace Processes, Theories and Thinkers. Compiled by Ayan Datta.
The War in Gaza: An Interview with Dr Stanly Johny
Mallika Joseph | Adjunct Professor, NIAS
21 May 1991: LTTE human bomb assassinates Rajiv Gandhi
Padmashree Anandhan
Putin-Xi Summit: Towards a Strategic transformation in Russia-China relations
Akhil Ajith
Chang’e 6 and China’s Lunar Exploration program
Femy Francis
Antony Blinken’s China Visit
Femy Francis
China in Mexico: What, How and Why
Dhriti Mukherjee
Lawyers’ protests in Lahore: Two Reasons Why
Rohini Reenum
Protests in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir: What and Why?
Dhriti Mukherjee
9 May Violence: One Event, Different Actors, Multiple Outlooks
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The Fog of 9 May: One year after the anti-Establishment violence
Rohini Reenum
Pakistan and Wheat: From a Crisis to a Scandal
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (21 Apr- 27 Apr 2024)
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (14 Apr -20 Apr 2024)
Devi Chandana M
Seychelles-India Relations: Five Areas of Partnership
D Suba Chandran
Karachi: Seven Shades of Violence
Rohini Reenum
Recurrent floods in Pakistan: What and Why
Dhriti Mukherjee
Pakistan's Position on the War in Gaza
Dhriti Mukherjee
Pakistan's narrow tax base: Failures so far, challenges ahead
Sayeka Ghosh
26 April 1986: Chernobyl nuclear accident
Dhriti Mukherjee
Profile: Street Crimes in Karachi
Femy Francis
Germany and China: It’s the economy, stupid
Arya Prasad
Elections in South Korea: Six Takeaways
Alka Bala
25 Years of Euro: What lies ahead?
GP Team
75 Years of NATO
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (25 Mar- 01 Apr 2024)
Devi Chandana M
Rise in China’s Marriages
Padmashree Anandhan
Ireland: Four reasons why Prime Minister Leo Varadkar resigned
GP Team
Elections in Senegal
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week (16-22 March)
T C A Raghavan
March 1739: Nadir Shah invades Delhi
Karthik Manoharan
17 March 1992: The end of Apartheid in South Africa
Rosemary Kurian
18 March 2014: Russia annexes Crimea
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week
IPRI Team
Continuing Kidnappings in Nigeria
Sivasubramanian K
09 March 1776: Adam Smith publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (2-9 Mar 2024)
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (26 Feb-02 Mar 2024)
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week (1 March-7 March)
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week (24 February-29 February)
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
Sri Lanka: The rise of ultra-nationalism and elections
IPRI Team
The Battle for Avdiivka in Ukraine
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (11-17 Feb 2024)
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week
IPRI Team
Israel's Military Campaign in Rafah
NIAS Latin America Team
Latin America This Week (3-10 Feb 2024)
NIAS South Asia Team
South Asia This Week (3-10 Feb 2024)
NIAS Africa Team
Africa This Week (3-10 Feb 2024)
IPRI Team
Protests in Senegal
Jerry Franklin A
Africa Cup of Nations (AFCON): Five Questions
Padmashree Anandhan, Femy Francis, Rohini Reenum, Akriti Sharma, Akhil Ajith, Shamini Velayutham and Anu Maria Joseph
Expert Interview: Russia in the International Order
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Myanmar: Ethnic Armed Organizations, China’s Mediation and Continuing Fighting
Narmatha S and Anu Maria Jospeh
Ethiopia-Somalia tensions over Somaliland | Explained
CEAP Team
Taiwan elections
GP Team
Taiwan Election 2024
Femy Francis
Taiwan Election 2024: The return of DPP
IPRI Team
The War in Ukraine and Gaza
CEAP Team
NIAS- CEAP- China Reader | Daily Briefs
Padmashree Anandhan
The War in Ukraine: Drones, missiles and counterattacks
Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia and Sudan: Governance in deadlock
Hoimi Mukherjee | Hoimi Mukherjee is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science in Bankura Zilla Saradamani Mahila Mahavidyapith.
Chile in 2023: Crises of Constitutionality
Richa Chandola | Richa Chandola is an independent scholar.
Peru in 2023: Political Tensions, Civil Unrest, and Governance Issues
Aprajita Kashyap | Aprajita Kashyap is a faculty of Latin American Studies, School of International Studies at the Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi.
Haiti in 2023: The Humanitarian Crisis
Shreya Pandey | Shreya Pandey is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science, Xavier’s College, Ranchi. Her research interests include EU-India relations, and current trends in international relations.
Russian Invasion on Ukraine: An assessment of its impact upon unity, economy and enlargement of the EU
Binod Khanal | Binod Khanal is a Doctoral candidate at the Centre for European Studies, School of International Studies, JNU, New Delhi.
The Baltic: Energy, Russia, NATO and China
Rishika Yadav | Rishika Yadav is a Research Assistant at NIAS.
Finland in 2023: Challenges at Russia's border
Padmashree Anandhan | Padmashree Anandhan is a Research Associate at the School of Conflict and Security Studies, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangaluru.
Germany in 2023: Defence, Economy and Energy Triangle
Anu Maria Joseph | Anu Maria Joseph is a Research Assistant at NIAS.
Ethiopia and Sudan in 2023: Governance in deadlock
Nuha Aamina | Nuha Aamina is an undergraduate student at the Department of International Relations, Peace and Public Policy, St Joseph's University.
Thailand: Economic stability despite political instability
Alka Bala | Alka Bala is an undergraduate student at the Department of International Relations, Peace and Public Policy, St Joseph's University.
Myanmar in 2023: Extended Emergency, Political Instability and State-led violence
Sayani Rana | Sayani Rana is an undergraduate student at the Department of International Relations, Peace, and Public Policy, St Joseph's University, Bangalore.
Australia in 2023: Challenges of Economy, Employment and Immigration
Ashok Alex Luke | Ashok Alex Luke is an Assistant Professor at the Department of Political Science at CMS College, Kottayam.
China and South Asia in 2023: Advantage Beijing?
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri | Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri is a postgraduate student at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies at the University of Madras, Chennai.
China and East Asia
Femy Francis | Femy Francis is a Research Assistant at the National Institute of Advanced Studies.
China in 2023: Cracks in the Great Wall
Amit Gupta | Dr Amit Gupta is an international security and economics analyst based in the USA
The US: The Year of Living Dangerously?
Kuri Sravan Kumar | Kuri Sravan Kumar is a PhD scholar at the Department of East Asian Studies, University of Delhi.
North Korea in 2023: Military buildups and Close Connections with Russia
Yogeshwari S | Yogeswari S is a postgraduate student at the Department of Defence and Strategic Studies at the University of Madras, Chennai.
South Korea in 2023: Addressing Climate Change and the Global Supply Chains
Abhishek Ranjan | Abhishek Ranjan is a PhD student at the Korean Studies, Centre for East Asian Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.
East Asia in 2023: Big Power Politics and New Defence Strategies
IPRI Team
Special Edition: Conflicts in 2023
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #92&93 | COP 28 and Africa
Nithyashree RB
COP28 and Africa: Priorities and Initiatives
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #91 | Failed coup in Sierra Leone
Anu Maria Joseph
Sierra Leone: A failed coup
GP Team
Henry Kissinger: A profile
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #90 | Floods in East Africa
Jerry Franklin A
Floods in East Africa
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #89 | Africa’s debate on colonial reparations
Sneha Surendran
Africa’s debate on colonial reparations
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #87&88 | Elusive Ceasefires in Sudan
Anu Maria Joseph
Sudan’s ceasefires remain elusive: Four reasons why
GP Team
UK’s AI Summit
Femy Francis
Ten years of BRI: Xi and the Beijing Summit
Femy Francis
The return of the South China Sea
Femy Francis
BRICS Summit poised as the Champion of Global South
Femy Francis
Japan-Australia's Reciprocal Access Agreement
CR Team | Avishka Ashok
China: Palestine Authority President Mahmoud Abbas’ visit emphasizes hope for statehood
NIAS Africa Team
NIAS Africa Weekly #85&86 | Niger-France ties and Liberia elections
Nithyashree RB
Liberia elections: Explained
Jerry Franklin
France's increasing unpopularity in Niger
PR Team
The Snow Leopards of Pakistan
Padmashree Anandhan
Poland elections 2023: Reasons behind the shift
Padmashree Anandhan
Ukraine: The failure of the Black Sea Grain Initiative
Annem Naga Bindhu Madhuri
Issues for Europe
Yogeswari S | CSIS
Poland’s engagement
Prof Joyati Bhattacharya
G20 Summit: India the Global Host
Anu Maria Joseph
Africa in the Indian Ocean region: Explained
Dhriti Mukherjee
Pakistan grapples with soaring electricity bills and free riders
Shamini Velayutham
Pakistan: Recent spike in Polio cases
Dhriti Mukherjee
Pakistan’s power predicament: Soaring bills and public discontent
Ankit Singh
Pakistan’s Economy: Three questions
Sneha Surendran
From Cargo to Canvas: The vibrant world of Pakistani Truck Art
Anu Maria Joseph
Taiwan in Africa: The Last Ally and the Lost Allies
Feben Itty | CSIS
NATO’s Challenge
Genesy B | abcnews
Russia’s Endgame
Sreeja JS
Ukraine’s Strategies and Endgame
NIAS Africa Team
Africa Weekly #79 | Africa Climate Summit
Sneha Surendran
Africa Climate Summit: Rising new leadership in climate action
Nithyashree RB
Coup in Gabon: Three questions
NIAS Africa Team
Africa Weekly #78 | Coup in Gabon
Sneha Surendran
Wildfires in Europe: Another year of devastation
Rishika Yadav
Floods in Europe: Impacts, and issues
Padmashree Anandhan
Return of the Heatwaves
Jerry Franklin A
A profile on Ethiopia's Oromo ethnic group
Sneha Surendran
A profile on Ethiopia’s Somali ethnic group
Nithyashree RB
A profile on Ethiopia’s Afar ethnic group
Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia’s Amhara problem
Jerry Franklin A
ECOWAS and Niger remain at an impasse, causing a prolonged standoff
Lakshmi Parimala H
Mural, Movie and the Map: Akhand Bharat mural and Adipurush
Rishika Yadav
The High Seas Treaty
Indrani Talukdar
Ukraine War and the International Order
Jerry Franklin A
Coup in Niger: Manifold national, regional and international stances
Sneha Surendran
Senegal's political crisis: Four questions
NIAS Africa Team
Africa Weekly #73&74 | Coup in Niger and Senegal’s political crisis
Himani Pant
Germany-Russia Relations: What Next?
D. Suba Chandran
Que Sara Sara: Pakistan, Two Months After 09 May
Sneha Surendran
Pakistan’s e-Sport Industry: A Profile
Ramya Balasubramanian
Russia and Europe: Understanding Moscow’s strategies
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Return of Violence in Manipur
Nithyashree RB
The UN in Africa: MINUSMA has failed. So did Mali
Bibhu Prasad Routray
Myanmar continues to burn
Anu Maria Joseph
The Wagner Group in Africa: Fallouts of the failed revolt in Russia
NIAS Africa Team
Africa Weekly #69-71 | The Wagner Group in Africa
Lakshmi Parimala
Hybrid Warfare in Ukraine
Padmashree Anandhan
Rise and fall of the Wagner Revolt: Four Takeaways
Sneha Surendran
The Wagner Revolt: A profile of Yevgeny Prigozhin
Padmashree Anandhan
The War in Ukraine: Four Issues to watch in 2023
Rishika Yadav, Sneha Surendran, Sandra D Costa, Ryan Marcus, Prerana P and Nithyashree RB
Global Gender Gap Report 2023: Regional Takeaways
Harini Madhusudan, Rishika Yada, Sneha Surendran, Prerana P, Sreeja JS and Padmashree Anandhan
Russia: Anatomy of Wagner Revolt, and its Fallouts
Anu Maria Joseph
Resurging insurgency in Uganda and insecurity in East Africa
Jerry Franklin
Eritrea: Back to the IGAD after 16 years
Bibhu Prasad Routray
India: Violence continues in Manipur
Jerry Franklin
Tunisia: A Political Profile
Jerry Franklin
Cameroon’s Anglophone Crisis: Reasons for its continuation
Anu Maria Joseph
Ceasefires in Sudan: An uneasy trajectory
Rishika Yadav, Sreeja JS, Nithyashree RB, and Melvin George | Rishika Yadav is a Research Assistant in NIAS Europe Studies at NIAS. Nithyashree RB, Sreeja JS, and Melvin George are Research Interns in NIAS Europe Studies at NIAS.
The Battle for Bakhmut: Significance, Objectives, Course, and What Next
Nithyashree RB
Poland approves Russian Influence Law: Three Implications
Rishika Yadav | Research Assistant, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore
Serbia: Mass shootings, protests and instability
Rishika Yadav and Nityashree RB | Research Assistant and Research Intern, National Institute of Advanced Studies, Indian Institute of Science Campus, Bangalore
Turkey’s Elections: Unravelling the Political Spectacle of 2023
Padmashree Anandhan | Research Associate National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bangalore
Belgorod drone attacks: Who, What and Why?
NIAS Africa Team
In Focus | Japan in Africa
Devjyoti Saha
Japan in Africa: Renewed Efforts to Revitalise Relations
Indrani Talukdar
Russia's Position in the Arctic: New challenges
Lakshmi Parimala H
Bhutan's Gross National Happiness
Amit Gupta
The Trump Phenomenon: Why it Won’t Go
Rishika Yadav
Turkey’s Election: Issues, Actors and Outcomes
IPRI Team
The Armenia-Azerbaijan Stalemate
NIAS Africa Team
Droughts in East Africa: A climate disaster
NIAS Africa Team
Sudan: Intensifying political rivalry and expanding violence
NIAS Africa Team
Expanding Russia-South Africa relations
Padmashree Anandhan
Pentagon document leak: Russia-Ukraine Conflict From a Tactical Lens
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Tunisia: The question of undocumented migrants
Indrani Talukdar
Belarus’s endgame in Russia-Ukraine Conflict
Padmashree Anandhan
Russia: Drone attacks escalate the Ukraine war
Padmashree Anandhan
The UK: Conservative party put to test as worker strikes continue
Bhoomika Sesharaj
PR Explains: Pakistan’s power outage
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Pakistan’s Blue Helmets: A long-standing contribution
D Suba Chandran
Karachi: The race and new alignments for the Mayor
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Macron’s visit to Africa: Three Takeaways
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Nigeria elections: Ruling party wins; What is ahead?
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | M23 atrocities in DRC and upcoming Nigeria elections
NIAS Africa Team
Africa in 2023: Elections and conflicts
IPRI Team
The continuing crisis in Israel
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Chinese Foreign Minister's visit to Africa
IPRI Team
Protests in Spain, Sweden and Israel
Avishka Ashok
China: A complicated economic recovery
Padmashree Anandhan
Europe: An impending energy crisis and its economic fallouts
Ankit Singh
Defence: Towards a new cold war
Riya Itisha Ekka
Brazil: Managing Bolsonaro’s legacy
Apoorva Sudhakar
Africa: Despite the elections, democratic backslide will continue
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Pakistan in 2023: Between elections, economic turmoil and climate crisis
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Sri Lanka in 2023: A troubling economy and an unstable polity
Avishka Ashok
Chinese Foreign Minister's visit to Africa
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Bamako’s pardon of Ivorian soldiers
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | The relapse of ANC
Allen Joe Mathew, Sayani Rana, Joel Jacob
Newsmakers: From Putin to Rushdie
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Rest in Peace; Queen Elizabeth. Mikhail Gorbachev, Pelé...
Ankit Singh
Global economy in 2022: The year of cooling down
Bhoomika Sesharaj
Digital world: Elon Musk and the Twitter Chaos
Madhura Mahesh
The FTX Collapse: Depleting cryptocurrencies
Harini Madhusudan
The Space race: Scaling new technological feats
Avishka Ashok
G20: More challenges
Akriti Sharma
COP27: Hits and Misses
Padmashree Anandhan
The Ukraine War
Poulomi Mondal
French Exit from Mali: More questions than answers
Mohaimeen Khan
Yemen, Syria, and Sudan: Continuing humanitarian crises
Padmashree Anandhan
NATO and the Madrid Summit: Expanding defence frontiers
Padmashree Anandhan
Elections in France, Sweden, and Italy: The rise of the right
Janardhan G
North Korea: Missile Tests Galore
Avishka Ashok
The Taiwan Strait: Political and military assertions
Anu Maria Joseph
Ethiopia: Uncertainties despite ceasefire
Apoorva Sudhakar
Tunisia: The end of the Jasmine Revolution
Rashmi BR
Iraq: Deadlock and breakthrough
Kaviyadharshini A
Iran: Anti-government protests
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
Sri Lanka: Political and Economic Crises
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Myanmar: The coup and after
NIAS Africa Team
The US-Africa Leaders Summit
IPRI Team
Workers strike in the UK
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | End of Operation Barkhane
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | The ceasefire in Ethiopia
IPRI Team
Drone attacks in Russia
Vignesh Ram | Assistant Professor | Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Malaysia’s recent Elections: More questions than answers
Vignesh Ram
Anwar Ibrahim: Malaysia's new Prime Minister
Harini Madhusudan, Rishma Banerjee, Padmashree Anandhan, Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan, and Avishka Ashok
What next for Russia, Ukraine, Europe, South Asia & India, and China
Padmashree Anandhan and Rishma Banerjee
UNGA 77: Who said what from Europe?
Rashmi BR and Akriti Sharma
COP27: Ten key takeaways
Rashmi Ramesh
Ice Melt in Alps in Europe: Three impacts
Rishma Banerjee
Tracing Europe's droughts
Padmashree Anandhan
Major causes behind Europe’s continuing heatwaves
Emmanuel Selva Royan
100 days of the Ukraine war: US Responses in the war
Padmashree Anandhan
100 days of the Ukraine war: What next for Europe?
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
100 days of the Ukraine war: More loss than gain for Russia
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Challenges to peace in Eastern Congo
Avishka Ashok | Research Associate | National Institute of Advanced Studies
20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of China: Major takaways
Angelin Archana | Assistant Professor, Women’s Christian College, Chennai
China's response to the Ukraine crisis: Shaped by its relationship with Russia and EU under the US Shadow
Shreya Upadhyay | Assistant Professor, Christ (Deemed to be University), Bangalore
Transatlantic Ties in the Wake of Ukraine-Russia War
Uma Purushothaman | Assistant Professor, Central University of Kerala, Kerala
Ukraine and beyond: The US Strategies towards Russia
Debangana Chatterjee | Assistant Professor, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Bangalore
Lessons from Ukraine War: Effectiveness of Sanctions
Himani Pant | Research Fellow, ICWA, Delhi
Ukraine and beyond: What next for Russia and Europe?
Sethuraman Nadarajan
Israel-Lebanon Maritime Border Deal
Avishka Ashok
G20 Summit: Four takeaways from Bali
NIAS Africa Team
China-Africa relations: Looking back and looking ahead
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Chad's political crisis
Sourina Bej
Elections in Sweden
Padmashree Anandhan
Italy's far-right wins 2022 elections
Padmashree Anandhan
Putin’s address in the Valdai Discussion: Six takeaways
Devjyoti Saha
Solomon Islands’ China card: Three reasons why
NIAS Africa Team
Floods in West Africa: Nigeria and beyond
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Famine in Somalia
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Kenya Elections 2022
IPRI Team
Protests in Iran
IPRI Team
Clashes between Armenia-Azerbaijan
Padmashree Anandhan
Queen Elizabeth: End of an era
Padmashree Anandhan
Russia and Eastern Economic Forum 2022: A sturdy Far East
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | The reinvention of Al Shabab
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Lavrov's visit to Africa
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Macron's visit to Africa
GP Team
Floods and Emergency in Pakistan
IPRI Team
Six months of War in Ukraine
GP Team
Regional round-ups
Padmashree Anandhan
Who will be the next UK prime minister: Liss Truss v. Rishi Sunak
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Tunisia's political crisis
NIAS Africa Team
Tunisia’s political crisis: Five questions
NIAS Africa Team
Tribal conflict in Blue Nile: Causes and Implications
STIR Team
Geopolitics of Semiconductors
Padmashree Anandhan
France: Uber files leak, and Macron’s trouble
Emmanuel Selva Royan
Italy: Three factors about its current political instability
NIAS Africa Team
Sudan-Ethiopia border tensions and a profile of Blaise Compaoré
NIAS Africa Team
Africa’s continuing migration problem: Three issues
STIR Team
China in Space: Shenzhou-13 and Tiangong
NIAS Africa Team
Africa’s displacement crises: Three key drivers
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Into the Sixth Decade of African Unity
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Communal Tensions in Ethiopia
Padmashree Anandhan
What does Macron's victory mean for France and the EU
Rishma Banerjee
The rise of Marine Le Pen
Sourina Bej
Four challenges ahead for President Macron
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Mali ends defence ties with France
GP Team
New US assistance for Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | UK-Rwanda asylum deal
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Africa, Russia, and the War in Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Political Crisis in Tunisia
GP Team
Russia's gas ultimatum to Europe
IPRI Team
30 days of War in Ukraine
NIAS Africa Team
60 years of Algerian independence
IPRI Team
Sri Lanka’s worsening economic crisis
NIAS Africa Team
In Focus: Libya
IPRI Team
The end of Denmark’s Inuit experiment
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS | Europe and Africa: Will AU and EU be equal partners?
Anu Maria Joseph
Europe and Africa: Will AU and EU be equal partners?
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Lecture report: Ukraine, Russia and Europe
Joeana Cera Matthews
Into History: Northern Ireland and Bloody Sunday, 50 years later
Nireekshan Bollimpalli
Africa’s slow COVID vaccination continues. Four reasons why
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS: Conflict over the Nile Dam
NIAS Africa Team
IN FOCUS: Instability in Burkina Faso
Padmashree Anandhan
Munich Security Report: Six takeaways
Joeana Cera Matthews
Europe and Africa: An elusive search for an equal partnership
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Femicides in Europe: The case of France
Padmashree Anandhan
Post Brexit: Three challenges in Northern Ireland
Porkkodi Ganeshpandian and Angkuran Dey
The return of the Left
Ashwin Immanuel Dhanabalan
Lithuania and China: Vilnius has become Beijing’s Achilles heel. Four reasons why
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
Africa: The anti-France sentiments in Mali and beyond
Shalini Balaiah
The Middle East in 2021: Never-ending wars and conflicts
Angelin Archana
Russia in 2021: Expanding boundaries
Prakash Panneerselvam
East Asia in 2021: New era of hegemonic competition
Apoorva Sudhakar
Coup in Burkina Faso: Five things to know
Joeana Cera Matthews
In Europe, abortion rights are "a privilege." Four reasons why
Padmashree Anandhan
Mapping COVID-19 protests in Europe: Who and Why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Pakistan, US and Russia: Putin Online, Biden Offline
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The unrest in Kazakhstan: Look beyond the trigger
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Deepening Pakistan-Russia ties
D. Suba Chandran
Justice Ayesha: Breaking the Legal Ceiling
Ankit Singh
Pakistan's Judiciary in 2021
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Same Page Story: Civil-Military Relations in 2021
D. Suba Chandran
Pakistan's Foreign Policy in 2021
Ankit Singh
Pakistan’s economy in 2021: Major highlights
Ankit Singh
Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank
Apoorva Sudhakar
The PDM is back, again
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Qureshi’s visit to Brussels: Three takeaways
GP Team
The Complete Compendium for 2021
GP Team
The Americas in 2021
GP Team
Europe in 2021
GP Team
Middle East and Africa in 2021
GP Team
South Asia in 2021
Apoorva Sudhakar
Protests in Gwadar: Four major highlights
Ankit Singh
Mini budget, IMF and a contemporary puzzle.
Ankit Singh
Pappu Sain bids adieu to the world
Apoorva Sudhakar
Smog, pollution and more: Deteriorating air quality in Pakistan
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
PTI’s secret dealing with the TTP and TLP
Vaishnavi Iyer
France, Algeria, and the politics over an apology
Joeana Cera Matthews
NATO-Russia relationship: Looking beyond the suspensions and expulsions
D. Suba Chandran
PTI’s TLP flip-flop and a secret deal
Apoorva Sudhakar
The increasing curbs on digital media freedom in Pakistan
Padmashree Anandhan
Facebook's Metaverse: Why it matters to Europe
Joeana Cera Matthews
Poland, EU and PolExit. It is complicated, for three reasons
Harini Madhusudhan
Europe's Energy Crisis and Gazprom
D. Suba Chandran
TLP: The government caves in again
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
TLP is back again
Apoorva Sudhakar | Project Associate, School of Conflict and Security Studies, NIAS
Pakistan’s transgender community: The long road ahead
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Since January 2021: Why the US President has not called Pakistan’s Prime Minister so far?
Apoorva Sudhakar
No honour in honour killing
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Military Reshuffle: A strategic or routine decision?
D. Suba Chandran
Dr AQ Khan: Between a national hero and a nuclear proliferator
Apoorva Sudhakar
Rising child abuse in Pakistan: Five reasons why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Hazara Persecution in Pakistan: No end in sight
D. Suba Chandran
Protests in Gwadar: Who and Why
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Europe's Energy Crisis: It could get worse. Five reasons why
STIR Team
Cover Story: War against Malaria
Aswathy Koonampilly
Japan: New Prime Minister, Old party
GP Team
Europe's Energy Crisis
STIR Team
The Science and Politics of Materials
Sourina Bej
France: Paris Terror Trial
Harini Madhusudan
Belarus: Weaponization of the Migrant Crisis
Juan Mary Joseph
Attacks on Chinese Investments in Pakistan: Who, Where And Why?
Joeana Cera Matthews
Haiti: Two months after the assassination, the storm is still brewing
Joeana Cera Matthews
From Crimea to Navalny: Putin's calibrated Europe strategy
Joeana Cera Matthews
Nord Stream-2: Why is the region unhappy about the pipeline?
Lokendra Sharma
Two months of Cuban protests: Is the ‘revolution’ ending?
GP Team
The New Afghanistan
STIR Team
Climate Change and Energy Options
Apoorva Sudhakar
Digital Pakistan: Idea, Potential and Challenges
Anu Maria Joseph
South Africa: What is behind the pro-Zuma protests?
Dincy Adlakha
China and Russia in Myanmar: The interests that bind
Sarthak Jain
Nord Stream 2 is Russia’s geopolitical victory
Jeshil J Samuel
REvil is dead. Long live REvil
STIR Team
Space Tourism
Keerthana Rajesh Nambiar
The EU Summit 2021: Five Takeaways
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Impending famine in Tigray, should make Ethiopia everyone's problem
Anu Maria Joseph
Too late and too little is Ethiopia's international problem
Sankalp Gurjar
Africa's Ethiopia Problem
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia's Tigray problem is Tigray's Ethiopia problem
Lokendra Sharma
The future of nuclear energy looks bleak
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Five reasons why Afghanistan is closer to a civil war
Mohamad Aseel Ummer
Migration in Africa: Origin, Drivers and Destinations
Dincy Adlakha
The new three-child policy is two decades too late
Dincy Adlakha
Loud Echoes of the National Security Law in China
Joeana Cera Matthews
Farfetched goals on pandemic recovery, climate action and economic revival
STIR Team
Rare Earths and the Global Resource Race
SDP Scholar
The Rise and Reign of Ransomware
Gurpreet Singh
India and the geopolitics of supply chains
Chetna Vinay Bhora
Spain, Morocco and the rise of rightwing politics in Europe over immigration
Vibha Venugopal
The return of Taliban will be bad news for women
Udbhav Krishna P
Revisiting the recent violence: Three takeaways
Joeana Cera Matthews
For the Economist, Taiwan is the most dangerous place. The argument is complicated
Apoorva Sudhakar
15 of the 23 global hunger hotspots are in Africa. Three reasons why
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The US decision to withdraw is a call made too early. Three reasons why
Lokendra Sharma
Learning from Cuba's vaccine development efforts
V S Ramamurthy and Dinesh K Srivastava
An energy mix of renewables and nuclear is the most viable option
Lokendra Sharma
Deadly second wave spirals into a humanitarian disaster
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The US-Taliban Deal: One Year Later
Akriti Sharma
The Quad Plus and the search beyond the four countries
Apoorva Sudhakar
India's Endgames, Roles and Limitations in Quad
Sukanya Bali
Tracing the Quad's evolution in the last two decades
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: Five fallouts of the military offensive in Tigray
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Afghanistan: The recent surge in targeted killing vs the troops withdrawal
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
In Honduras, a move towards a permanent ban on abortion laws
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Civilian protests vs military: Three factors will decide the outcome in Myanmar
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Trump’s Climate Change legacy: Disruption and Denial
Apoorva Sudhakar
Trump’s Iran legacy: Maximum pressure, minimum results
N Manoharan and Drorima Chatterjee
Five ways India can detangle the fishermen issue with Sri Lanka
IPRI Team
Coup in Myanmar and Protests in Russia
D Suba Chandran
The PDM differences, Gwadar fencing, and Lakhvi's arrest
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Nagorno-Karabakh: Rekindled fighting, Causalities and a Ceasefire
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Thailand: For the pro-democracy protests, it is a long march ahead
Harini Madhusudan
Brexit: A year of the UK-EU transition talks and finally, a Deal
Apoorva Sudhakar
Ethiopia: The conflict in Tigray and the regional fallouts
Aparaajita Pandey
The Americas: Top Five Developments
Teiborlang T Kharsyntiew
Europe: Top five developments
Sandip Kumar Mishra
East Asia: Top Five developments in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
Outer Space in 2020: Missions, Privatization, and the Artemis Accords
Sukanya Bali
5G, Huawei and TikTok: Four trends in 2020
Sumedha Chatterjee
COVID-19: How the world fought in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
The Vaccine Rush: Expectations vs Realities
Harini Madhusudan
Open Skies Treaty: The US should not have withdrawn, for five reasons
Savithri Sellapperumage
Kamala Harris makes history
Mallika Devi
China is against the Quad. Five reasons why
Srikumar Pullat
Space of Tomorrow: The Need for Space Security
Tamanna Khosla
Japan: New Prime Minister, Old Challenges
Vaishali Handique
Not just regime change: Women and protest movements in Sudan
Sneha Tadkal
Technology in contemporary global protest movements
Chavindi Weerawansha
Students as agents of change: Protest movements in Zimbabwe
Anju Annie Mammen
“Unveiling”: Women and protest movements in the Middle East
Harini Madhusudan
‘The Revolution of Our Times’: Protests in Hong Kong
Samreen Wani
Lebanon: Can Macron's visit prevent the unravelling?
Harini Madhusudan
The Legacy of Shinzo Abe. It is Complicated.
Boa Wang
Two Sessions in Beijing
Boa Wang
How China fought the COVID-19
N. Manoharan
Is COVID-19 a Bio-weapon from China?
Prof PM Soundar Rajan
Is there an overlap of 5G Networks and COVID hotspots?
Rashmi Ramesh
Will COVID-19 provide a new agenda to the NAM?
Harini Madhusudan
Iran's New Military Satellite: Does it violate the UNSC 2231?
Jenice Jean Goveas
Epidemics through History
Sanduni Atapattu
Preventing hatred and suspicion would be a bigger struggle
Chavindi Weerawansha
A majority in the minority community suffers, for the action of a few
Chrishari de Alwis Gunasekare
The Cardinal sermons for peace, with a message to forgive
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Who and Why of the Perpetrators
Natasha Fernando
In retrospect, where did we go wrong?
Ruwanthi Jayasekara
Build the power of Co-existence, Trust, Gender and Awareness
N Manoharan
New ethnic faultlines at macro and micro levels
Asanga Abeyagoonasekera
A year has gone, but the pain has not vanished
Jenice Jean Goveas
In India, the glass is half full for the women
Fatemah Ghafori
In Afghanistan, there is no going back for the women
Lakshmi V Menon
The decline in terrorism in Pakistan in 2019
Rashmi Ramesh
The EU and the Arctic: The interest is not mutual. Why?
Rashmi Ramesh
Iceland, Denmark and Norway: Small is Big in the Arctic
Harini Madhusudan
The Non-Arctic powers: Interests of Japan and South Korea
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Malaysia: New PM, Old Challenges
Lakshmi V Menon
Pakistan to remain “Grey”; North Korea and Iran in “Black”
Rashmi Ramesh
Trump's India Visit: Optics, Substance and Rhetoric
Kabi Adhikari
The controversial MCC Nepal Compact
Malini Sethuraman
ISIS post Baghdadi: Will there be another Caliphate in 2020?
Aarathi Srinivasan
Climate Change: The Economy of the Indian Ocean Region in 2020
Prathiksha Ravi
Israel and the Middle East: The New Alliance Plans in 2020
Padmini Anilkumar
Middle East: The Return of Russia in 2020
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sudan and Algeria: Road to Democracy in 2020
Lakshmi V Menon
Syria: ISIS Decline, US Retreat and the Return of Russia in 2020
Harini Madhusudan
The US-China Trade Dispute: Towards further disruptions in 2020
Parikshith Pradeep
The US under Donald Trump: The Fall of an Empire in 2020
Vivek Mishra
After Soleimani assassination: Options for the US
Sukanya Bali
Iran, Iraq and the US: Who wants what?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Old problems to persist with no solutions in the near term
Aashiyana Adhikari
Indian and Chinese investments in Nepal: Managing asymmetry
Shailesh Nayak | Director, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS)
Blue Economy and India: An Introduction
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
North Africa in 2019: A year of protests, with some positive results
Sukanya Bali
Hong Kong in 2019: China's New Achilles Heel
Harini Madhusudan
The US-China Trade Dispute in 2019: Towards a thaw in 2020?
Parikshith Pradeep
The US in 2019: Trump rollsout a template for a global American retreat
Rashmi Ramesh
The Arctic Littorals: Iceland and Greenland
Harini Madhusudan
The Polar Silk Route: China's ambitious search in the Arctic
GP Team
Syria: Who wants what?
Harini Madhusudan
Violence in Hong Kong: Will the protests end?
Rashmi Ramesh
Is Catalonia Spain’s Hong Kong?
D. Suba Chandran
Why an Arctic foray is essential for India
Parikshith Pradeep
Russia's Polar Military Edge
Nidhi Dalal
Protests rock Chile, Bolivia and Haiti
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Will prosecuting Suu Kyi resolve the Rohingya problem?
Lakshman Chakravarthy N & Rashmi Ramesh
Climate Change: Four Actors, No Action
Sukanya Bali
Brexit: Preparing for the Worst Case
Lakshman Chakravarthy N
5G: A Primer
Rashmi Ramesh
From Okjökull to OK: Death of a Glacier in Iceland
Sukanya Bali
Challenges before Boris Johnson
Parikshith Pradeep
The Hong Kong Protests: Who wants what
Harini Madhusudan
The Hong Kong Protests: Re-defining mass mobilization
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
ASEAN Outlook on the Indo Pacific: Worth all the Hype?
Mahesh Bhatta
Monsoons first, Floods next and the Blame Games follow
Titsala Sangtam
Counting Citizens: Manipur charts its own NRC
Vivek Mishra
Can Hedging be India’s Strategy?
Lakshmi V Menon
Amidst the US-Iran standoff, Saudi Arabia should be cautious
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
For Russia, it was big power projection
Harini Madhusudan
For China, it was trade and a temporary truce
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
For Japan, it was commerce and climate change
Sourina Bej
For the US, it was trade, tariff and talks
Titsala Sangtam
Iran, US and the Nuclear deal: Europe in the middle?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Modi's Colombo Visit: Four issues to watch
Raakhavee Ramesh
Higher than the Himalayas: Pakistan and China
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Across the Himalayas: Nepal and China
Mahath Mangal
The Russian Resurgence: Is the US supremacy waning?
Mahath Mangal
San Francisco wants to ban, Kashgar wants to expand
Jerin George
Espionage or Investigative Journalism?
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Huawei Controversy: Five things you need to know
Mahath Mangal
Why the world needs to look at Yemen
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
The Central Asia Connector
Harini Madhusudan
An Under-represented East Asia
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Africa Embraces the Belt and Road
Sourina Bej
It’s Europe vs EU on China
Abigail Miriam Fernandez
Sudan: Between Democracy and another military rule
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Responses and Inspiring Lessons
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Thailand: Between Elections and Instability
Sourina Bej
Two Sessions in 2019: Four Takeaways
Lakshmi V Menon
The End of ISIS Caliphate?
Harini Madhusudan
For China, its a sigh of relief
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
For Vietnam, its a big deal
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
For Japan, No Deal is Good Deal
Sourina Bej
For South Korea, a costly disappointment
Harini Madhusudan
No deal is better, but isn't it bad?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
The Other Conflict in Rakhine State
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
Yemen: Will Sa'nna fall?
Harini Madhusudan
Sinicizing the Minorities
GP Team
US, South Korea and Thailand
Lakshmi V Menon
The Qatar Blockade: Eighteen Months Later
GP Team
Yemen, Venezuela and US-China
Sourina Bej
Maghreb: What makes al Shahab Resilient?
Harini Madhusudan
US-China Trade War: No Clear Winners
Abhishrut Singh
Trump’s Shutdown: Five Things to Know
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Myanmar: Will 2019 be better for the Rohingya?
D. Suba Chandran
Bangladesh: The Burden of Electoral History
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer
US and China: Between Confrontation and Competition
Mahesh Bhatta | Centre for South Asian Studies, Kathmandu
Nepal
Nasima Khatoon | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
The Maldives
Harini Madhusudan | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
India
Sourina Bej | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
Bangladesh
Seetha Lakshmi Dinesh Iyer | Research Associate, ISSSP, NIAS
Afghanistan
Harini Madhusudan
China and Japan: Renewing relations at the right time
Sourina Bej
The INF Treaty: US withdraws to balance China?
Harini Madhusudan
The Khashoggi Killing: Unanswered Questions
Lakshmi V Menon
US and Israel: Trump's Deal of the Century
Nasima Khatoon
The New Maldives: Advantage India?
Harini Madhusudhan
To NAFTA or Not: Trump, Mexico and Canada
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Malaysia’s China Moment: The Mahathir Gamble
Sourina Bej
BIMSTEC: A Bay of Good Hope?
Young Scholars Debate
India, Imran Khan and Indo-Pak Relations
Siddhatti Mehta
Does Brexit mean Brexit?
Oishee Majumdar
Factsheet: China’s Investments in Africa
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
The 8888 Uprising: Thirty Years Later
Harini Madhusudhan
The Tariff War: 'Stick of Hegemony' vs Vital Interests
Druta Bhatt
FactSheet: Shangri La Dialogue 2018
Rahul Arockiaraj
Immigrants as the “Other”: The Social and Economic Factors in the US
Divyabharathi E
Is Trump-Putin Summit a setback for the US?
Apoorva Sudhakar
India and Bangladesh: The Long Haul
Divyabharathi E
Quad as an alternative to the BRI: Three Main Challenges
Oishee Majumdar
FactSheet: India-Bangladesh Relations
D. Suba Chandran
Trump meets Putin; will it cost NATO?
Sourina Bej
Trump and the NATO: One Block, Different Views
Gayan Gowramma KC
Now, the United States withdraws from the UNHRC
Siddhatti Mehta
Will China be able to sustain its Dominance?
Aparupa Bhattacherjee
Myanmar: Why won't they do anything for the Rohingya?
Harini Madhusudan
The Idea of an US Space Force: Strategic Calculations
Apoorva Sudhakar
Afghan Peace: Reality or Illusion?
Hely Desai
Looking beyond Trump: Is the US declining?
Manushi Kapadia
Is China using its soft power to become superpower?
Lakshmi. V. Menon
Middle East: Has Russia chosen Israel over Iran?
Miti Shah
G7: Why Trump wants Russia in?
Hely Desai
FactSheet: G7 Summit
Siddhatti Mehta
The Panmunjom Declaration: “Tip of the Iceberg”
Druta Bhatt
Iran N-Deal and the Trans-Atlantic Divide
Manushi Kapadia
US and China: Towards a Trade War
Miti Shah
Palestine: US triggers new tensions
Divyabharathi E
The "Indo-Pacific Command": What's in the name?
Harini Madhusudan
Trump’s Tariff Strategy: Targetting Adversaries and Allies
Hely Desai
Trump-Kim Summit: Three Likely Outcomes
Apoorva Sudhakar
The Lebanon Pawn: Will it change after elections?
Lakshmi V Menon
Israel, the Game Changer?
Samreen Wani
Deciphering Turkey's External Push
Divyabharathi E
China and Russia: The New Alignments
Ann Maria Shibu
Can India afford to lose Maldives to China?
Dhruv Ashok
Why Maldives is important to China?
Lakshmi V Menon
ISIS and the Yazidi victims: Why the World should stand up?
Harini Madhusudan
US- China Tariff Face-off : Five questions
Jamyang Dolma
Why is Free Tibet important for India
Divyabharathi E
Arctic: The Strategic Significance
Lakshmi V Menon
Do we need the Quad?
Samreen Wani
Why Trump’s Iran exit is a big mistake?
Jamyang Dolma
Inter Korean Summit: Will it work?
Dhruv Ashok
The Fishermen Issue between India and Sri Lanka
Apoorva Sudhakar
Bangladesh's Economy: Decoding a Success Story
Ann Maria Shibu
Why India should not pull out of the Indus water treaty?
Divyabharathi E